Survival and reproduction of several wild plants and crops is mostly by insects pollinator, their recognition and importance have been increased in this climatic changing scenario, which affects the various aspects of their life cycle. According to an estimate, approximately 30,000 species of bees are known in entomology, and about 190 species of bees have been reported to be associated with pollination. There can be an established link between seed production and pollinator diversity, for the plants with a generalist pollination system. The increasing of human habitation affects insect pollinators in various ways, i.e. of habitat destruction, results in low availability of food sources, nesting, oviposition, resting, and mating sites. Pollinator availability restraints the geographical distribution of plant species, i.e. to develop an ecological niche of certain plant species. Failure of pollinator- plant interaction mutualism results in lower seed production and sometimes extirpation of plant population has been recorded. The declining pollinators’ population strengthens existing plant-pollinator interaction or allows new pant pollinator interaction to form. Maintaining the commercial and wild pollinator populations and preventing future shortages of pollination services, therefore, is extremely significant.
Part of the book: Plant Reproductive Ecology
Biochar, a carbonaceous material produced through pyrolysis of organic matter, has garnered attention for its potential to enhance soil fertility, structure, and overall health. However, its effects on soil-dwelling insects remain a subject of considerable interest and debate. This chapter critically examines the current state of knowledge regarding the interactions between biochar applications and soil-dwelling insects, encompassing diverse aspects such as alterations in insect community composition, population dynamics, behavioral changes, and potential mitigation of infestations. Through an exploration of empirical studies and theoretical frameworks, it aims to elucidate the intricate relationships between biochar amendments and soil insect ecology.
Part of the book: Sustainable Use of Biochar