Rabab M. Nasser

By Rabab M. Nasser

Oil undergoes temporary viscosity changes under operating conditions in engines. Therefore, engine oils usually contain polymeric additives called viscosity modifiers. These additives are oil soluble polymers; enable the oil to provide adequate hydrodynamic lubrication at high temperatures and good starting/pumping performance at low temperatures. Pour point depressants are additives which add to engine oil to lower/decrease the probability of wax argument formation under lower temperature conditions. The aim of this chapter is to present the historical synthesis of different types of acrylic polymers, there effect as lubricating oil additives (viscosity index improvers and pour point depressants). In addition, the mechanisms by which viscosity modifiers and pour point depressants work, and method of evaluation.

Part of the book: Crude Oil

By Rabab M. Nasser

Unlike other crops, the jojoba shrub contains around 50% by weight of an almost odorless, colorless oil made mostly of monoesters of the straight-chain alcohols and acids, C20 and C22, with one double bond on either side. The shrub is distinct from other species. In order to create modified jojoba derivatives, scientists can modify both the olefinic group and the ester group of jojoba oil, which is detailed in this book chapter. Jojoba oil has been modified in studies for various uses. These alterations include isomerization, bromination, sulfur-chlorination, sulfurization, hydrogenation, epoxidation, hydroxymethylation, phosphonation, ethoxylation, Diels-Alder adduction, pinacol rearrangement, bonding with polyethylene, and boning with polystyrene matrix. The next paragraphs will cover all of the applications for these modified jojoba oil derivatives, including medicine, emulsifiers, detergents, surfactants, lubricating oil, lubricating oil additives, leather tanning, texture, and corrosion inhibitors.

Part of the book: Advances in Rheology of Materials