Open access peer-reviewed Edited Volume
16,249 Chapter Downloads
View Full MetricsOpen access chapters
By Khalid S. Essa and Mahmoud Elhussein
By Hongzhu Cai, Bin Xiong and Yue Zhu
By Yongqing Chen, Binbin Zhao, Jingnning Huang and Lina Zhang
By Abdeslam Abtout, Hassina Boukerbout, Boualem Bouyahiaoui and Farida Boukercha
By Sultan Awad Sultan Araffa
By Tiao-Jian Xu, Ming-Fu Tang and Guo-Hai Dong
By Francisco Bulnes
16,249 Total Chapter Downloads
3,209 Total Chapter Views
24 Crossref Citations
9 Web of Science Citations
45 Dimensions Citations
1 Altmetric Score
Order a print copy of this book
£119 (ex. VAT)*
Hardcover | Printed Full Colour
IntechOpen Contributor? Get your Discount* Residents of European Union countries need to add a Book Value-Added Tax Rate based on their country of residence. Institutions and companies, registered as VAT taxable entities in their own EU member state, will not pay VAT by providing IntechOpen with their VAT registration number. This is made possible by the EU reverse charge method.
Instructor? Request an Exam Copy