Chapters authored
Nystagmus By Ivana Mravicic, Selma Lukacevic, Maja Bohac, Maja Pauk-Gulic and Vlade Glavota
Nystagmus is an involuntary rhythmical movement of the eyes. The cause of nystagmus is a disruption in the afferent, central or efferent parts of the eye movement system. If it happens in the first few months of life during the sensitive period of visual development, it is most often a case of infantile nystagmus. On the other hand, the majority of nystagmus in adult age is caused by some neurological disorder, and it is usually called acquired nystagmus. The important role of an ophthalmologist is to recognize the origin of nystagmus. Acquired forms are usually caused by some neurological disorders and do not belong in our field of treatment. However, most of the nystagmus types in a child’s age require ophthalmological treatment. When we have a child with nystagmus, we have to enable the development of the visual system and help fixation and fovealization by the dampening of nystagmus. If the reason of nystagmus is of ocular origin, we have to treat the underlying disease. Optical treatment by glasses, contact lenses or magnifying devices is usually reasonable. In some cases when the patient has abnormal head posture, it is possible to treat nystagmus by surgery. Some medications are used in several types of nystagmus as well as some new developing treatments.
Part of the book: Eye Motility
Surgical Correction of Myopia By Maja Bohac, Maja Pauk Gulic, Alma Biscevic and Ivan Gabric
Myopia is the most prevalent refractive error in the world and its incidence is increasing. Together with conservative methods of treatment, various surgical methods have been proposed. Corneal refractive surgery is probably the most accepted one. Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) are suitable for treatment of myopia up to −8.00 D in the younger age group. For patients not suitable for corneal refractive surgery, lens-based procedures are available. Phakic intraocular lenses are suitable for patients younger than 45 years of age with high myopia or some other contraindications for corneal refractive surgery. For older patients, refractive lens exchange (RLE) with implantation of multifocal or monofocal intraocular lenses is gaining popularity.
Part of the book: Intraocular Lens
Modern Refractive Lenticular Femtosecond Laser Corneal Surgery for Correction of Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism By Maja Bohač, Mateja Jagić, Doria Gabrić, Lucija Zerjav, Smiljka Popović Suić and Iva Dekaris
Small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) is becoming the procedure of choice in treating myopia and myopic astigmatism. With great comparability in terms of visual outcome with the femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FsLASIK) procedure, the method is characterized by better patient satisfaction and less postoperative dry eye induction. Moreover, it has the advantages of better eye surface stability and biomechanical strength compared to FS-LASIK. The method is now globally accepted among refractive surgeons. Patients suitable for the procedure must meet criteria for keratorefractive procedures generally. Our current clinical experience suggests that the lenticule extraction procedure delivers promising refractive results in terms of predictability, efficacy, and safety.
Part of the book: Refractive Surgery
When LASIK Goes Wrong or LASIK Complications Dilemmas By Fanka Gilevska, Maja Bohač, Smiljka Popović Suić and Mateja Jagić
Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is one of the most commonly performed refractive surgical procedures. During the last two decades, surgical procedure has evolved, but still, there are several intraoperative and postoperative complications possible. Every young LASIK surgeon spends most of the reading time on LASIK complications. They are not frequent, but you have to know precisely what to do when they happen. This chapter should be a guide, based on literature and experience, on how to deal with intraoperative, early postoperative, and late postoperative complications. This chapter will include managing irregular flaps, buttonholes, and free flaps. The treatment scheme for DLK, epithelial ingrowth, and PISK, and when is the time for flap re-lifting. How frequent should be patients’ visits not to miss the complication on time? When is the right time for LASIK reoperation? Post LASIK corneal ectasia and how to perform cross-linking over LASIK. Young surgeons need precise guidelines, not just theoretical treatment options to achieve optimal visual outcomes after LASIK procedure.
Part of the book: Refractive Surgery
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