Marian Dorcas Quain

By Marian D. Quain, James Y. Asibuo, Ruth N. Prempeh and Elizabeth Y. Parkes

Part of the book: Biotechnology

By Marian D. Quain, Patricia Berjak, Elizabeth Acheampong and Marceline Egnin

Part of the book: Current Frontiers in Cryobiology

By Marian D. Quain, Monica O. Adu-Gyamfi, Ruth N. Prempeh, Adelaide Agyeman, Victor A. Amankwaah and David Appiah-Kubi

Part of the book: Biotechnology

By Victor Acheampong Amankwaah, Ruth Naa Ashiokai Prempeh and Marian Dorcas Quain

Plant cryopreservation is useful for long term storage of clonal germplasm and endangered species. Clonally propagated crops which produce recalcitrant seeds cannot be easily conserved using conventional methods. Preservation of plants in vitro is limited to two years and not ideal for germplasm storage for a very long time. The need to conserve plant genetic resources through cryopreservation techniques to mitigate the effects of climate change such as extinction of certain plant species cannot be underestimated. Different cryopreservation methods including dehydration, programmed freezing, vitrification and v cryo-plate are employed in the long-term storage of different plants. These methods are usually based on the principle of the removal of freezable water from tissues by physical or osmotic dehydration followed by ultra-rapid freezing. There have been several advancements in the identification and use of cryoprotective agents, nonetheless, its toxicity remains a challenge. To accelerate plant cryopreservation, there is the need for the development of global expertise. The current practice for the conservation of germplasm in the Biotechnology Laboratory in Ghana is through the use of slow growth media. Moving forward, there is the need to work on developing cryopreservation protocols for preservation of germplasm using liquid nitrogen and cryogenic refrigerators.

Part of the book: Cryopreservation

By Ruth Naa Ashiokai Prempeh, Victor Acheampong Amankwaah, Allen Oppong and Marian Dorcas Quain

A lot of research initiatives have gone into the breeding of cassava which has led to the development and release of over 30 cassava varieties in Ghana, of which adoption rate is 40%. This low adoption is due to inadequate promotion of improved varieties and the fact that some of the varieties do not meet end-user needs. With cassava becoming an important cash crop, it is important that breeding programmes refocus to define the market segments and objectives to facilitate the improvement of target traits such as poundability, dry matter content, starch and carotenoids that will lead to the development of varieties tailored towards end-user needs. This will in the long run promote food and nutritional security especially in low- and middle-income countries where the crop is a major staple. In addition, there should be more investment in high-throughput phenotyping to enhance the assessment and evaluation for the development of varieties with end-user traits. Subsequently, the cassava seed system should be formalized to enhance the production and dissemination of high-quality improved cassava varieties with end-user traits.

Part of the book: Cassava