Zbigniew Piotr Szadkowski

University of Łódź Poland

Zbigniew Szadkowski obtained his Ph.D. in Theoretical Physics from the University of Lodz, Poland, in 1987 with his thesis, "Quark mixing in the SU(4) x SU(4) and SU(6) x SU(6) chiral symmetries". In 2007, he obtained a DSci in Experimental Physics based on the thesis, "Triggers in the Pierre Auger Observatory". Since 1998, Dr. Szadkowski has been working in the Pierre Auger Observatory, Argentina designing the 2nd-level trigger implemented in all 24 fluorescence telescopes, the 1st-level trigger implemented in all 1680 surface detectors, the Front-End Boards with ACEX (800 pieces) and Cyclone (900 pieces) FPGAs, and many algorithms for triggers. He worked at the Michigan Technological University, USA from 1999 to 2002, the College de France, Paris from 2002 to 2003, and the Bergische University of Wuppertal, Germany from 2003 to 2006.

2books edited

6chapters authored

Latest work with IntechOpen by Zbigniew Piotr Szadkowski

Quantum chromodynamics is a quantum field theory that describes strong interactions between quarks and gluons. It is the SU(3) gauge theory of the current Standard Model for elementary particles and forces. The book contains several chapters on such topics as quark mixing, the double pole method, the inter-nucleon up-to-down quark bond and its implications for nuclear binding, and more. Readers should be fluent in advanced mathematics and quantum physics. Knowledge of quantum electrodynamics is welcome.

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Quantum Chromodynamic

Edited by Zbigniew Piotr Szadkowski

Books edited

Cosmic Rays

Edited by Zbigniew Piotr Szadkowski

Chapters authored

An Optimization of 16-Point Discrete Cosine Transform Implemented into a FPGA as a Design for a Spectral First Level Surface Detector Trigger in Extensive Air Shower Experiments

By Zbigniew Szadkowski

Part of the book: Applications of Digital Signal Processing

FPGA Based Serial and Single-Clock Cycle Pipelined Fast Fourier Transforms in a Radio Detection of Cosmic Rays

By Zbigniew Szadkowski

Part of the book: Design and Architectures for Digital Signal Processing

Artificial Neural Network as a FPGA Trigger for a Detection of Neutrino-Induced Air Showers

By Zbigniew Szadkowski, Dariusz Głas and Krzysztof Pytel

Neutrinos play a fundamental role in the understanding of the origin of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECR). They interact through charged and neutral currents in the atmosphere generating extensive air showers. However, the very low rate of events potentially generated by neutrinos is a significant challenge for detection techniques and requires both sophisticated algorithms and high-resolution hardware. We developed the FPGA trigger which is generated by a neural network. The algorithm can recognize various waveform types. It has been developed and tested on ADC traces of the Pierre Auger surface detectors. We developed the algorithm of artificial neural network on a MATLAB platform. Trained network that we implemented into the largest Cyclone V E FPGA was used for the prototype of the front-end board for the AugerPrime. We tested several variants, and the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (trainlm) was the most efficient. The network was trained: (a) to recognize ‘old’ very inclined showers (real Auger data were used as patterns for both positive and negative markers: for reconstructed inclined showers and for triggered by time over threshold (ToT), respectively, (b) to recognize ‘neutrino-induced showers’. Here, we used simulated data for positive markers and vertical real showers for negative ones.

Part of the book: Artificial Neural Networks

Introductory Chapter: Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Rays

By Zbigniew Szadkowski

Part of the book: Cosmic Rays

Quarks Mixing in Chiral Symmetries

By Zbigniew Piotr Szadkowski

We discuss a subject of the quarks mixing in SU4∗SU4 and SU6∗SU6 symmetries trying to calculate the quarks mixing angles and the complex phase responsible for the CP non-conservation on the basis of the Gell-Mann Oakes Renner model. Assuming symmetry breaking in a limit of exact sub-symmetries for simultaneous quarks rotations in both electric charge sub-spaces we can estimate all mention above parameters. A perfect agreement of the experimental value of the Cabibbo angles with a sum of simultaneous quarks mixing angles in doublets (u,c) and (d,s) in the SU4∗SU4 symmetry suggests that a quarks mixing is realized in a maximal allowed range. The same assumption used for the SU6∗SU6 and a simultaneous maximal allowed quarks mixing in both electric charge triplets (u,c,t) and (d,s,b) gives a perfect agreement with the experimental value of the Cabibbo angle and estimation on the angles Θ2 and Θ3 as well as a bond for the complex phase δ.

Part of the book: Quantum Chromodynamic

Introductory Chapter: Quantum Chromodynamic

By Zbigniew Piotr Szadkowski

Part of the book: Quantum Chromodynamic

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