Severity of gully erosion under different stages of development in southeastern Nigeria.
\\n\\n
Released this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\\n\\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:{caption:"Highly Cited",originalUrl:"/media/original/117"}},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'IntechOpen is proud to announce that 191 of our authors have made the Clarivate™ Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020, ranking them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nThroughout the years, the list has named a total of 261 IntechOpen authors as Highly Cited. Of those researchers, 69 have been featured on the list multiple times.
\n\n\n\nReleased this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"},{slug:"introducing-intechopen-book-series-a-new-publishing-format-for-oa-books-20210915",title:"Introducing IntechOpen Book Series - A New Publishing Format for OA Books"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"1279",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Breast Cancer - Recent Advances in Biology, Imaging and Therapeutics",title:"Breast Cancer",subtitle:"Recent Advances in Biology, Imaging and Therapeutics",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"In recent years it has become clear that breast cancer is not a single disease but rather that the term encompasses a number of molecularly distinct tumors arising from the epithelial cells of the breast. There is an urgent need to better understand these distinct subtypes and develop tailored diagnostic approaches and treatments appropriate to each. This book considers breast cancer from many novel and exciting perspectives. New insights into the basic biology of breast cancer are discussed together with high throughput approaches to molecular profiling. Innovative strategies for diagnosis and imaging are presented as well as emerging perspectives on breast cancer treatment. Each of the topics in this volume is addressed by respected experts in their fields and it is hoped that readers will be stimulated and challenged by the contents.",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-307-730-7",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-6606-1",doi:"10.5772/1748",price:139,priceEur:155,priceUsd:179,slug:"breast-cancer-recent-advances-in-biology-imaging-and-therapeutics",numberOfPages:440,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:null,isInBkci:!1,hash:"eb213b69670bbf5c4c6ab643bb13c4d4",bookSignature:"Susan J. Done",publishedDate:"December 14th 2011",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1279.jpg",numberOfDownloads:49251,numberOfWosCitations:12,numberOfCrossrefCitations:5,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:3,numberOfDimensionsCitations:14,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:3,hasAltmetrics:0,numberOfTotalCitations:31,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"November 8th 2010",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"December 6th 2010",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"April 12th 2011",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"May 12th 2011",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"July 11th 2011",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"51859",title:"Dr.",name:"Susan",middleName:null,surname:"Done",slug:"susan-done",fullName:"Susan Done",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/51859/images/1768_n.jpg",biography:"Susan J. Done is an Associate Professor in the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Medical Biophysics, at the University of Toronto. She is a pathologist at the University Health Network in Toronto and a member of the Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research.",institutionString:null,position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"University of Toronto",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Canada"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"1075",title:"Breast Oncology",slug:"breast-oncology"}],chapters:[{id:"24946",title:"Progestogens and Breast Cancer Risk – In Vitro Investigations with Human Benign and Malignant Epithelial Breast Cells",doi:"10.5772/23128",slug:"progestogens-and-breast-cancer-risk-in-vitro-investigations-with-human-benign-and-malignant-epitheli",totalDownloads:2012,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Alfred O. Mueck, Harald Seeger and Hans Neubauer",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24946",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24946",authors:[{id:"50729",title:"Dr.",name:null,surname:"Mueck",slug:"mueck",fullName:"Mueck"},{id:"57107",title:"Prof.",name:"Harald",surname:"Seeger",slug:"harald-seeger",fullName:"Harald Seeger"},{id:"57108",title:"Prof.",name:"Hans",surname:"Neubauer",slug:"hans-neubauer",fullName:"Hans Neubauer"}],corrections:null},{id:"24947",title:"The Electronics of HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer Cells",doi:"10.5772/22820",slug:"the-electronics-of-her2-neu-positive-breast-cancer-cells",totalDownloads:2735,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Jan Baumann, Christopher Karch, Antonis Kourtidis and Douglas S. Conklin",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24947",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24947",authors:[{id:"49330",title:"Dr.",name:"Douglas",surname:"Conklin",slug:"douglas-conklin",fullName:"Douglas Conklin"},{id:"57385",title:"Mr.",name:"Jan",surname:"Baumann",slug:"jan-baumann",fullName:"Jan Baumann"},{id:"57386",title:"Mr",name:"Christopher",surname:"Karch",slug:"christopher-karch",fullName:"Christopher Karch"},{id:"57394",title:"Dr",name:"Antonis",surname:"Kourtidis",slug:"antonis-kourtidis",fullName:"Antonis Kourtidis"}],corrections:null},{id:"24948",title:"Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein: A Marker of Breast Tumor Progression and Outcome",doi:"10.5772/24500",slug:"parathyroid-hormone-related-protein-a-marker-of-breast-tumor-progression-and-outcome",totalDownloads:1971,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Zhor Bouizar",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24948",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24948",authors:[{id:"57167",title:"Prof.",name:"Zhor",surname:"Bouizar",slug:"zhor-bouizar",fullName:"Zhor Bouizar"}],corrections:null},{id:"24949",title:"Antioxidant Enzymes as New Biomarkers for Prediction of Tumor Progression in Breast Cancer",doi:"10.5772/23004",slug:"antioxidant-enzymes-as-new-biomarkers-for-prediction-of-tumor-progression-in-breast-cancer",totalDownloads:2763,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Becuwe Philippe",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24949",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24949",authors:[{id:"50144",title:"Prof.",name:"Philippe",surname:"Becuwe",slug:"philippe-becuwe",fullName:"Philippe Becuwe"}],corrections:null},{id:"24950",title:"Adipokines – Toward the Molecular Dissection of Interactions Between Stromal Adipocytes and Breast Cancer Cells",doi:"10.5772/20378",slug:"adipokines-toward-the-molecular-dissection-of-interactions-between-stromal-adipocytes-and-breast-can",totalDownloads:2054,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Pengcheng Fan and Yu Wang",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24950",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24950",authors:[{id:"38667",title:"Dr.",name:"Yu",surname:"Wang",slug:"yu-wang",fullName:"Yu Wang"}],corrections:null},{id:"24951",title:"Regulation of the Functional Na+/I- Symporter (NIS) Expression in Breast Cancer Cells",doi:"10.5772/21721",slug:"regulation-of-the-functional-na-i-symporter-nis-expression-in-breast-cancer-cells",totalDownloads:1743,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Uygar Halis Tazebay",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24951",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24951",authors:[{id:"44469",title:"Dr.",name:"Uygar Halis",surname:"Tazebay",slug:"uygar-halis-tazebay",fullName:"Uygar Halis Tazebay"}],corrections:null},{id:"24952",title:"Circulating Tumour Cells: Implications and Methods of Detection",doi:"10.5772/23385",slug:"circulating-tumour-cells-implications-and-methods-of-detection",totalDownloads:2472,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Nisha Kanwar and Susan Done",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24952",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24952",authors:[{id:"51859",title:"Dr.",name:"Susan",surname:"Done",slug:"susan-done",fullName:"Susan Done"},{id:"57490",title:"Ms.",name:"Nisha",surname:"Kanwar",slug:"nisha-kanwar",fullName:"Nisha Kanwar"}],corrections:null},{id:"24953",title:"Comparison of Genome Aberrations Between Early-Onset and Late-Onset Breast Cancer",doi:"10.5772/22913",slug:"comparison-of-genome-aberrations-between-early-onset-and-late-onset-breast-cancer",totalDownloads:2149,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Ming-Ta Hsu, Ching Cheng, Chian-Feng, Chen, Yiin-Jeng Jong, Chien-Yi Tung, Yann-Jang Chen, Sheng Wang-Wuu, Ling-Hui Li, Shih-Feng Tsai, Mei-Hua Tsou, Skye H. Cheng, Chii-Ming Chen, Andrew T. Huang, Chi-Hung Lin and Ming-Ta Hsu",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24953",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24953",authors:[{id:"49774",title:"Prof.",name:"Ming-Ta",surname:"Hsu",slug:"ming-ta-hsu",fullName:"Ming-Ta Hsu"}],corrections:null},{id:"24954",title:"Genomic and Proteomic Pathway Mapping Reveals Signatures of Mesenchymal-Epithelial Plasticity in Inflammatory Breast Cancer",doi:"10.5772/23082",slug:"genomic-and-proteomic-pathway-mapping-reveals-signatures-of-mesenchymal-epithelial-plasticity-in-inf",totalDownloads:2348,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Fredika M. Robertson, Chu Khoi, Rita Circo, Julia Wulfkuhle, Savitri Krishnamurthy, Zaiming Ye, Annie Z. Luo, Kimberly M. Boley, Moishia C. Wright, Erik M. Freiter, Sanford H. Barsky, Massimo Cristofanilli, Emanuel F. Petricoin and Lance A. Liotta",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24954",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24954",authors:[{id:"50480",title:"Dr.",name:"Fredika",surname:"Robertson",slug:"fredika-robertson",fullName:"Fredika Robertson"},{id:"86907",title:"Dr.",name:"Khoi",surname:"Chu",slug:"khoi-chu",fullName:"Khoi Chu"},{id:"86909",title:"Dr.",name:"Savitri",surname:"Krishnamurthy",slug:"savitri-krishnamurthy",fullName:"Savitri Krishnamurthy"},{id:"86910",title:"Dr.",name:"Massimo",surname:"Cristofanilli",slug:"massimo-cristofanilli",fullName:"Massimo Cristofanilli"},{id:"86911",title:"Dr.",name:"Zaiming",surname:"Ye",slug:"zaiming-ye",fullName:"Zaiming Ye"},{id:"86913",title:"Dr.",name:"Annie",surname:"Luo",slug:"annie-luo",fullName:"Annie Luo"},{id:"86914",title:"Dr.",name:"Sanford",surname:"Barsky",slug:"sanford-barsky",fullName:"Sanford Barsky"},{id:"86918",title:"Dr.",name:"Emanuel",surname:"Petricoin",slug:"emanuel-petricoin",fullName:"Emanuel Petricoin"},{id:"92289",title:"Dr.",name:"Rita",surname:"Circo",slug:"rita-circo",fullName:"Rita Circo"},{id:"92291",title:"Dr.",name:"Julia",surname:"Wulfkuhle",slug:"julia-wulfkuhle",fullName:"Julia Wulfkuhle"},{id:"92293",title:"Mr.",name:"Erik",surname:"Freiter",slug:"erik-freiter",fullName:"Erik Freiter"},{id:"92294",title:"Mrs.",name:"Kimberly",surname:"Boley",slug:"kimberly-boley",fullName:"Kimberly Boley"},{id:"92296",title:"Ms.",name:"Moishia",surname:"Wright",slug:"moishia-wright",fullName:"Moishia Wright"},{id:"122098",title:"Dr.",name:"Lance",surname:"Liotta",slug:"lance-liotta",fullName:"Lance Liotta"}],corrections:null},{id:"24955",title:"Proteomic Analysis of Potential Breast Cancer Biomarkers",doi:"10.5772/20330",slug:"proteomic-analysis-of-potential-breast-cancer-biomarkers",totalDownloads:2942,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Hsiu-Chuan Chou and Hong-Lin Chan",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24955",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24955",authors:[{id:"38451",title:"Prof.",name:"Hong-Lin",surname:"Chan",slug:"hong-lin-chan",fullName:"Hong-Lin Chan"},{id:"54601",title:"Prof.",name:"Hsiu-Chuan",surname:"Chou",slug:"hsiu-chuan-chou",fullName:"Hsiu-Chuan Chou"}],corrections:null},{id:"24956",title:"Quantitative Organelle Proteomics of Protein Distribution in Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells",doi:"10.5772/23492",slug:"quantitative-organelle-proteomics-of-protein-distribution-in-breast-cancer-mcf-7-cells",totalDownloads:1739,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Amal T. Qattan and Jasminka Godovac-Zimmermann",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24956",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24956",authors:[{id:"52211",title:"Prof.",name:"Jasminka",surname:"Godovac-Zimmermann",slug:"jasminka-godovac-zimmermann",fullName:"Jasminka Godovac-Zimmermann"},{id:"57282",title:"Dr.",name:"Amal",surname:"Qattan",slug:"amal-qattan",fullName:"Amal Qattan"}],corrections:null},{id:"24957",title:"Intraductal Breast Cytology and Biopsy to the Detection and Treatment of Intraductal Lesions of the Breast",doi:"10.5772/21207",slug:"intraductal-breast-cytology-and-biopsy-to-the-detection-and-treatment-of-intraductal-lesions-of-the-",totalDownloads:3215,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Tadaharu Matsunaga",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24957",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24957",authors:[{id:"42255",title:"Prof.",name:"Tadaharu",surname:"Matsunaga",slug:"tadaharu-matsunaga",fullName:"Tadaharu Matsunaga"},{id:"42326",title:"Mr.",name:"Hutoshi",surname:"Akiyama",slug:"hutoshi-akiyama",fullName:"Hutoshi Akiyama"},{id:"42327",title:"Mr.",name:"Masahiko",surname:"Fujii",slug:"masahiko-fujii",fullName:"Masahiko Fujii"},{id:"42328",title:"Mr.",name:"Hiromi",surname:"Serizawa",slug:"hiromi-serizawa",fullName:"Hiromi Serizawa"}],corrections:null},{id:"24958",title:"Diagnostic Optical Imaging of Breast Cancer: From Animal Models to First-in-Men Studies",doi:"10.5772/24381",slug:"diagnostic-optical-imaging-of-breast-cancer-from-animal-models-to-first-in-men-studies",totalDownloads:2588,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Michel Eisenblätter, Thorsten Persigehl, Christoph Bremer and Carsten Höltke",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24958",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24958",authors:[{id:"57019",title:"Dr.",name:"Carsten",surname:"Hoeltke",slug:"carsten-hoeltke",fullName:"Carsten Hoeltke"},{id:"57327",title:"Dr.",name:"Michel",surname:"Eisenblaetter",slug:"michel-eisenblaetter",fullName:"Michel Eisenblaetter"},{id:"71117",title:"Dr.",name:"Thorsten",surname:"Persigehl",slug:"thorsten-persigehl",fullName:"Thorsten Persigehl"},{id:"92099",title:"Prof.",name:"Christoph",surname:"Bremer",slug:"christoph-bremer",fullName:"Christoph Bremer"}],corrections:null},{id:"24959",title:"Radiotracers for Molecular Imaging of Breast Cancer",doi:"10.5772/20365",slug:"radiotracers-for-molecular-imaging-of-breast-cancer",totalDownloads:3071,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Fan-Lin Kong and David J. Yang",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24959",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24959",authors:[{id:"38591",title:"Dr.",name:"FanLin",surname:"Kong",slug:"fanlin-kong",fullName:"FanLin Kong"},{id:"56862",title:"Prof.",name:"David",surname:"Yang",slug:"david-yang",fullName:"David Yang"}],corrections:null},{id:"24960",title:"Molecular Imaging of Breast Cancer Tissue via Site-Directed Radiopharmaceuticals",doi:"10.5772/21836",slug:"molecular-imaging-of-breast-cancer-tissue-via-site-directed-radiopharmaceuticals",totalDownloads:2196,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Andrew B. Jackson, Lauren B. Retzloff, Prasant K. Nanda and C. Jeffrey Smith",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24960",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24960",authors:[{id:"45049",title:"Prof.",name:"Charles",surname:"Smith",slug:"charles-smith",fullName:"Charles Smith"},{id:"57331",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrew",surname:"Jackson",slug:"andrew-jackson",fullName:"Andrew Jackson"},{id:"57332",title:"Dr.",name:"Lauren",surname:"Retzloff",slug:"lauren-retzloff",fullName:"Lauren Retzloff"},{id:"57333",title:"Dr",name:"Prasant",surname:"Nanda",slug:"prasant-nanda",fullName:"Prasant Nanda"}],corrections:null},{id:"24961",title:"Imaging the Sigma-2 Receptor for Diagnosis and Prediction of Therapeutic Response",doi:"10.5772/24438",slug:"imaging-the-sigma-2-receptor-for-diagnosis-and-prediction-of-therapeutic-response",totalDownloads:2201,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Chenbo Zeng, Jinbin Xu and Robert H. Mach",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24961",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24961",authors:[{id:"57396",title:"Dr.",name:"Robert",surname:"Mach",slug:"robert-mach",fullName:"Robert Mach"},{id:"57398",title:"Dr.",name:"Chenbo",surname:"Zeng",slug:"chenbo-zeng",fullName:"Chenbo Zeng"}],corrections:null},{id:"24962",title:"Computer Aided System for Nuclear Stained Breast Cancer Cell Counting",doi:"10.5772/23315",slug:"computer-aided-system-for-nuclear-stained-breast-cancer-cell-counting",totalDownloads:2013,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Pornchai Phukpattaranont, Somchai Limsiroratana, Kanita Kayasut and Pleumjit Boonyaphiphat",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24962",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24962",authors:[{id:"51537",title:"Dr.",name:"Pornchai",surname:"Phukpattaranont",slug:"pornchai-phukpattaranont",fullName:"Pornchai Phukpattaranont"},{id:"55884",title:"Dr.",name:"Somchai",surname:"Limsiroratana",slug:"somchai-limsiroratana",fullName:"Somchai Limsiroratana"},{id:"55885",title:"Prof.",name:"Pleumjit",surname:"Boonyaphiphat",slug:"pleumjit-boonyaphiphat",fullName:"Pleumjit Boonyaphiphat"},{id:"127055",title:"Prof.",name:"Kanita",surname:"Kayasut",slug:"kanita-kayasut",fullName:"Kanita Kayasut"}],corrections:null},{id:"24963",title:"Preclinical and Clinical Developments in Molecular Targeting Therapeutic Strategies for Breast Cancer",doi:"10.5772/21245",slug:"preclinical-and-clinical-developments-in-molecular-targeting-therapeutic-strategies-for-breast-cance",totalDownloads:1629,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Teruhiko Fujii, Hiroki Takahashi, Yuka Inoue, Masayoshi Kage, Hideaki Yamana and Kazuo Shirouzu",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24963",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24963",authors:[{id:"42413",title:"Prof.",name:"Teruhiko",surname:"Fujii",slug:"teruhiko-fujii",fullName:"Teruhiko Fujii"},{id:"56086",title:"Prof.",name:"Masayoshi",surname:"Kage",slug:"masayoshi-kage",fullName:"Masayoshi Kage"},{id:"56087",title:"Prof.",name:"Hideaki",surname:"Yamana",slug:"hideaki-yamana",fullName:"Hideaki Yamana"},{id:"56088",title:"Prof.",name:"Kazuo",surname:"Shirouzu",slug:"kazuo-shirouzu",fullName:"Kazuo Shirouzu"},{id:"91992",title:"Dr.",name:"Hiroki",surname:"Takahashi",slug:"hiroki-takahashi",fullName:"Hiroki Takahashi"},{id:"91993",title:"Dr.",name:"Yuka",surname:"Inoue",slug:"yuka-inoue",fullName:"Yuka Inoue"}],corrections:null},{id:"24964",title:"Translational Research on Breast Cancer: miRNA, siRNA and Immunoconjugates in Conjugation with Nanotechnology for Clinical Studies",doi:"10.5772/21710",slug:"translational-research-on-breast-cancer-mirna-sirna-and-immunoconjugates-in-conjugation-with-nanotec",totalDownloads:2678,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Arutselvan Natarajan and Senthil Kumar Venugopal",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24964",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24964",authors:[{id:"44405",title:"Dr.",name:"Arutselvan",surname:"Natarajan",slug:"arutselvan-natarajan",fullName:"Arutselvan Natarajan"},{id:"97076",title:"Dr.",name:"Senthil Kumar",surname:"Venugopal",slug:"senthil-kumar-venugopal",fullName:"Senthil Kumar Venugopal"}],corrections:null},{id:"24965",title:"Validation of Growth Differentiation Factor (GDF-15) as a Radiation Response Gene and Radiosensitizing Target in Mammary Adenocarcinoma Model",doi:"10.5772/21019",slug:"validation-of-growth-differentiation-factor-gdf-15-as-a-radiation-response-gene-and-radiosensitizing",totalDownloads:2178,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Hargita Hegyesi, James R. Lambert, Nikolett Sándor, Boglárka Schilling-Tóth and Géza Sáfrány",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24965",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24965",authors:[{id:"41462",title:"Dr.",name:"Hargita",surname:"Hegyesi",slug:"hargita-hegyesi",fullName:"Hargita Hegyesi"},{id:"41506",title:"Prof.",name:"Jim",surname:"Lambert",slug:"jim-lambert",fullName:"Jim Lambert"},{id:"41507",title:"MSc.",name:"Nikolett",surname:"Sándor",slug:"nikolett-sandor",fullName:"Nikolett Sándor"},{id:"41508",title:"MSc.",name:"Boglárka",surname:"Schilling Tóth",slug:"boglarka-schilling-toth",fullName:"Boglárka Schilling Tóth"},{id:"41509",title:"Prof.",name:"Geza",surname:"Safrany",slug:"geza-safrany",fullName:"Geza Safrany"}],corrections:null},{id:"24966",title:"Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: Actual Topics",doi:"10.5772/22507",slug:"sentinel-lymph-node-biopsy-actual-topics",totalDownloads:2554,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"L.G. Porto Pinheiro, P.H.D. Vasques, M. Maia, J.I.X. Rocha and D.S. Cruz",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24966",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24966",authors:[{id:"47960",title:"Dr.",name:"Luiz Gonzaga",surname:"Porto Pinheiro",slug:"luiz-gonzaga-porto-pinheiro",fullName:"Luiz Gonzaga Porto Pinheiro"},{id:"58086",title:"Mr",name:"João Ivo",surname:"Xavier Rocha",slug:"joao-ivo-xavier-rocha",fullName:"João Ivo Xavier Rocha"},{id:"58087",title:"Dr.",name:"Paulo Henrique",surname:"null",slug:"paulo-henrique-null",fullName:"Paulo Henrique null"},{id:"58090",title:"Mr",name:"Diego",surname:"Alves Cruz",slug:"diego-alves-cruz",fullName:"Diego Alves Cruz"},{id:"92194",title:"Ms.",name:"Mayara",surname:"Maia",slug:"mayara-maia",fullName:"Mayara Maia"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},subseries:null,tags:null},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"329",title:"Breast Cancer",subtitle:"Carcinogenesis, Cell Growth and Signalling Pathways",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ebf7902b7672e9142e56de2289bcaa5a",slug:"breast-cancer-carcinogenesis-cell-growth-and-signalling-pathways",bookSignature:"Mehmet Gunduz and Esra Gunduz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/329.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"46056",title:"Prof.",name:"Mehmet",surname:"Gunduz",slug:"mehmet-gunduz",fullName:"Mehmet Gunduz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1278",title:"Breast Cancer",subtitle:"Focusing Tumor Microenvironment, Stem cells and Metastasis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bd2df7c338f309db645c7c183571f6a8",slug:"breast-cancer-focusing-tumor-microenvironment-stem-cells-and-metastasis",bookSignature:"Mehmet Gunduz and Esra Gunduz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1278.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"46056",title:"Prof.",name:"Mehmet",surname:"Gunduz",slug:"mehmet-gunduz",fullName:"Mehmet Gunduz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1277",title:"Breast Cancer",subtitle:"Current and Alternative Therapeutic Modalities",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9c0bc3b171254b2a3f7d52bee5c559aa",slug:"breast-cancer-current-and-alternative-therapeutic-modalities",bookSignature:"Esra Gunduz and Mehmet Gunduz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1277.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"61074",title:"Dr.",name:"Esra",surname:"Gunduz",slug:"esra-gunduz",fullName:"Esra Gunduz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2883",title:"Oncogene and Cancer",subtitle:"From Bench to Clinic",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ba08b50f799acf44d8d2f0f0c6c2e768",slug:"oncogene-and-cancer-from-bench-to-clinic",bookSignature:"Yahwardiah Siregar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2883.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"137622",title:"Dr.",name:"Yahwardiah",surname:"Siregar",slug:"yahwardiah-siregar",fullName:"Yahwardiah Siregar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1276",title:"Targeting New Pathways and Cell Death in Breast Cancer",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e1541edf35e439e637938657d6ac482b",slug:"targeting-new-pathways-and-cell-death-in-breast-cancer",bookSignature:"Rebecca L. Aft",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1276.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"45492",title:"Dr.",name:"Rebecca",surname:"Aft",slug:"rebecca-aft",fullName:"Rebecca Aft"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5431",title:"Breast Cancer",subtitle:"From Biology to Medicine",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d90527637742a2483c1d96d5a5f7cc02",slug:"breast-cancer-from-biology-to-medicine",bookSignature:"Phuc Van Pham",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5431.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"28799",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Phuc Van",surname:"Pham",slug:"phuc-van-pham",fullName:"Phuc Van Pham"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"4549",title:"A Concise Review of Molecular Pathology of Breast Cancer",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"defcba71c9acb69a0f9c99264c4856c5",slug:"a-concise-review-of-molecular-pathology-of-breast-cancer",bookSignature:"Mehmet Gunduz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/4549.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"38384",title:"Prof.",name:"Mehmet",surname:"Gunduz",slug:"mehmet-gunduz",fullName:"Mehmet Gunduz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1310",title:"Topics in Cancer Survivorship",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6ea3485c7d116f29327e36b78c5e9e6f",slug:"topics-in-cancer-survivorship",bookSignature:"Ravinder Mohan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1310.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58197",title:"Prof.",name:"Ravinder",surname:"Mohan",slug:"ravinder-mohan",fullName:"Ravinder Mohan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6633",title:"Breast Cancer and Surgery",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"05f2f1a893b64cb77385aed5dd184fa1",slug:"breast-cancer-and-surgery",bookSignature:"Nilufer Bulut",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6633.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"189255",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Nilufer",surname:"Bulut",slug:"nilufer-bulut",fullName:"Nilufer Bulut"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10300",title:"Breast Cancer",subtitle:"Evolving Challenges and Next Frontiers",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bcf3738b16b0a4de6066853ab38b801c",slug:"breast-cancer-evolving-challenges-and-next-frontiers",bookSignature:"Mani T. Valarmathi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10300.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"69697",title:"Dr.",name:"Mani T.",surname:"Valarmathi",slug:"mani-t.-valarmathi",fullName:"Mani T. Valarmathi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],ofsBooks:[]},correction:{item:{id:"73132",slug:"corrigendum-to-soil-erosion-influencing-factors-in-the-semiarid-area-of-northern-shaanxi-province-ch",title:"Corrigendum to: Soil Erosion Influencing Factors in the Semiarid Area of Northern Shaanxi Province, China",doi:null,correctionPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/73132.pdf",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/73132",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/73132",totalDownloads:null,totalCrossrefCites:null,bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/73132",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/73132",chapter:{id:"72647",slug:"soil-erosion-influencing-factors-in-the-semiarid-area-of-northern-shaanxi-province-china",signatures:"Ning Ai, Qingke Zhu, Guangquan Liu and Tianxing Wei",dateSubmitted:"February 25th 2020",dateReviewed:"May 22nd 2020",datePrePublished:"June 29th 2020",datePublished:"March 24th 2021",book:{id:"8937",title:"Soil Moisture Importance",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Soil Moisture Importance",slug:"soil-moisture-importance",publishedDate:"March 24th 2021",bookSignature:"Ram Swaroop Meena and Rahul Datta",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8937.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"315343",title:"Dr.",name:"Ram Swaroop",middleName:null,surname:"Meena",slug:"ram-swaroop-meena",fullName:"Ram Swaroop Meena"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"319114",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Ning",middleName:null,surname:"Ai",fullName:"Ning Ai",slug:"ning-ai",email:"aining_office@126.com",position:null,institution:{name:"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"319299",title:"Prof.",name:"Tianxing",middleName:null,surname:"Wei",fullName:"Tianxing Wei",slug:"tianxing-wei",email:"weitianxing925@126.com",position:null,institution:{name:"Beijing Forestry University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"319300",title:"Prof.",name:"Qingke",middleName:null,surname:"Zhu",fullName:"Qingke Zhu",slug:"qingke-zhu",email:"xiangmub@126.com",position:null,institution:{name:"Beijing Forestry University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"319301",title:"Prof.",name:"Guangquan",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",fullName:"Guangquan Liu",slug:"guangquan-liu",email:"gqliu@iwhr.com",position:null,institution:{name:"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}}]}},chapter:{id:"72647",slug:"soil-erosion-influencing-factors-in-the-semiarid-area-of-northern-shaanxi-province-china",signatures:"Ning Ai, Qingke Zhu, Guangquan Liu and Tianxing Wei",dateSubmitted:"February 25th 2020",dateReviewed:"May 22nd 2020",datePrePublished:"June 29th 2020",datePublished:"March 24th 2021",book:{id:"8937",title:"Soil Moisture Importance",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Soil Moisture Importance",slug:"soil-moisture-importance",publishedDate:"March 24th 2021",bookSignature:"Ram Swaroop Meena and Rahul Datta",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8937.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"315343",title:"Dr.",name:"Ram Swaroop",middleName:null,surname:"Meena",slug:"ram-swaroop-meena",fullName:"Ram Swaroop Meena"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"319114",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Ning",middleName:null,surname:"Ai",fullName:"Ning Ai",slug:"ning-ai",email:"aining_office@126.com",position:null,institution:{name:"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"319299",title:"Prof.",name:"Tianxing",middleName:null,surname:"Wei",fullName:"Tianxing Wei",slug:"tianxing-wei",email:"weitianxing925@126.com",position:null,institution:{name:"Beijing Forestry University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"319300",title:"Prof.",name:"Qingke",middleName:null,surname:"Zhu",fullName:"Qingke Zhu",slug:"qingke-zhu",email:"xiangmub@126.com",position:null,institution:{name:"Beijing Forestry University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"319301",title:"Prof.",name:"Guangquan",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",fullName:"Guangquan Liu",slug:"guangquan-liu",email:"gqliu@iwhr.com",position:null,institution:{name:"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}}]},book:{id:"8937",title:"Soil Moisture Importance",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Soil Moisture Importance",slug:"soil-moisture-importance",publishedDate:"March 24th 2021",bookSignature:"Ram Swaroop Meena and Rahul Datta",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8937.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"315343",title:"Dr.",name:"Ram Swaroop",middleName:null,surname:"Meena",slug:"ram-swaroop-meena",fullName:"Ram Swaroop Meena"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},ofsBook:{item:{type:"book",id:"9831",leadTitle:null,title:"Drug Design",subtitle:"Novel Advances in the Omics Field and Applications",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"Right before the COVID-19 pandemic declared by the World Health Organization (WHO), life sciences have incited novel areas of studies that revolutionize the health sector. They are the studies of structural bioinformatics, pharmacogenomics, and metabolomics. The structural bioinformatics field is the very foundation of drug design research, as it provides insight into the molecular simulations and interactions between the biomolecules and the drug candidates. Secondly, pharmacogenomics is the starting point of any efforts in developing personalized medicine. Lastly, metabolomics provides instrumentation to elicit biomarkers for various diseases and health conditions. These studies have enabled current accelerated effort in COVID-19 research, as well as other communicable and non-communicable diseases.",isbn:"978-1-78984-753-6",printIsbn:"978-1-78984-752-9",pdfIsbn:"978-1-78985-201-1",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.87640",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"drug-design-novel-advances-in-the-omics-field-and-applications",numberOfPages:158,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isSalesforceBook:!1,isNomenclature:!1,hash:"38a66ca979ccd932cbcfbaea9d57ad2f",bookSignature:"Arli Aditya Parikesit",publishedDate:"June 16th 2021",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9831.jpg",keywords:null,numberOfDownloads:2949,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:2,numberOfDimensionsCitations:4,numberOfTotalCitations:6,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"May 18th 2020",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"September 10th 2020",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"November 9th 2020",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"January 28th 2021",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"March 29th 2021",dateConfirmationOfParticipation:null,remainingDaysToSecondStep:"2 years",secondStepPassed:!0,areRegistrationsClosed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,biosketch:"Dr. Arli Aditya Parikesit is the Head of the Bioinformatics Department at i3L. He finished his bachelor and master degrees from the University of Indonesia. Dr. Parikesit accepted a DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) fellowship to conduct his doctorate research with the Bioinformatics Group at the University of Leipzig, Germany.",coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"72288",title:"Dr.",name:"Arli Aditya",middleName:null,surname:"Parikesit",slug:"arli-aditya-parikesit",fullName:"Arli Aditya Parikesit",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/72288/images/system/72288.jpg",biography:"Dr. rer. nat. Arli Aditya Parikesit is the Vice Rector of Research and Innovation at Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences (I3L). He finished both his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in chemistry at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia. In order to pursue a degree in Bioinformatics, he accepted an offer from DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) to conduct doctorate research at the Bioinformatics Group, Faculty of Informatics and Mathematics, University of Leipzig, Germany. His doctoral research is focused on the utilization of modern protein domain annotation techniques to the three domains of life. In addition, Dr. Arli is also an expert on immunoinformatics, bioinformatics algorithm, structural bioinformatics, in silico drug design, and in silico transcriptomics. Currently, Dr. Arli is devising a pipeline to apply his expertise to COVID-19 drug and vaccine designs.",institutionString:null,position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"2",institution:{name:"Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Indonesia"}}}],coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"1195",title:"Drug Discovery",slug:"pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science-pharmacology-drug-discovery"}],chapters:[{id:"74663",title:"Introductory Chapter: The Emerging Corner of the Omics Studies for Rational Drug Design",slug:"introductory-chapter-the-emerging-corner-of-the-omics-studies-for-rational-drug-design",totalDownloads:252,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"72288",title:"Dr.",name:"Arli Aditya",surname:"Parikesit",slug:"arli-aditya-parikesit",fullName:"Arli Aditya Parikesit"}]},{id:"73392",title:"Pharmacogenomics: Overview, Applications, and Recent Developments",slug:"pharmacogenomics-overview-applications-and-recent-developments",totalDownloads:791,totalCrossrefCites:1,authors:[{id:"319705",title:"Dr.",name:"Rahul",surname:"Shukla",slug:"rahul-shukla",fullName:"Rahul Shukla"}]},{id:"73207",title:"Lipoproteomics: Methodologies and Analysis of Lipoprotein-Associated Proteins along with the Drug Intervention",slug:"lipoproteomics-methodologies-and-analysis-of-lipoprotein-associated-proteins-along-with-the-drug-int",totalDownloads:453,totalCrossrefCites:1,authors:[{id:"197061",title:"Dr.",name:"Julio C.",surname:"Torres-Romero",slug:"julio-c.-torres-romero",fullName:"Julio C. Torres-Romero"},{id:"322007",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria Elizbeth",surname:"Alvarez-Sánchez",slug:"maria-elizbeth-alvarez-sanchez",fullName:"Maria Elizbeth Alvarez-Sánchez"},{id:"322403",title:"Dr.",name:"Julio César",surname:"Lara-Riegos",slug:"julio-cesar-lara-riegos",fullName:"Julio César Lara-Riegos"},{id:"322404",title:"MSc.",name:"Sushally",surname:"Uc-Colli",slug:"sushally-uc-colli",fullName:"Sushally Uc-Colli"},{id:"322405",title:"Dr.",name:"Edgar Antonio",surname:"Estrella-Parra",slug:"edgar-antonio-estrella-parra",fullName:"Edgar Antonio Estrella-Parra"},{id:"322406",title:"Dr.",name:"Victor",surname:"Arana-Argaez",slug:"victor-arana-argaez",fullName:"Victor Arana-Argaez"},{id:"322407",title:"Dr.",name:"Veronica",surname:"Fernandez-Sanchez",slug:"veronica-fernandez-sanchez",fullName:"Veronica Fernandez-Sanchez"},{id:"322408",title:"Dr.",name:"Mario Alberto",surname:"Ramirez Camacho",slug:"mario-alberto-ramirez-camacho",fullName:"Mario Alberto Ramirez Camacho"},{id:"328613",title:"Dr.",name:"Miguel Angel",surname:"Peña Rico",slug:"miguel-angel-pena-rico",fullName:"Miguel Angel Peña Rico"},{id:"328650",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria Dolores",surname:"Ponce Regalado",slug:"maria-dolores-ponce-regalado",fullName:"Maria Dolores Ponce Regalado"}]},{id:"76454",title:"Microarrays and NGS for Drug Discovery",slug:"microarrays-and-ngs-for-drug-discovery",totalDownloads:311,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"193102",title:"Dr.",name:"Ioana",surname:"Berindan-Neagoe",slug:"ioana-berindan-neagoe",fullName:"Ioana Berindan-Neagoe"},{id:"349323",title:"Dr.",name:"Laura-Ancuta",surname:"Pop",slug:"laura-ancuta-pop",fullName:"Laura-Ancuta Pop"},{id:"349324",title:"Dr.",name:"Oana",surname:"Zanoaga",slug:"oana-zanoaga",fullName:"Oana Zanoaga"},{id:"349325",title:"Dr.",name:"Paul",surname:"Chiroi",slug:"paul-chiroi",fullName:"Paul Chiroi"},{id:"349326",title:"Dr.",name:"Andreea",surname:"Nutu",slug:"andreea-nutu",fullName:"Andreea Nutu"},{id:"349328",title:"Dr.",name:"Cristina",surname:"Stefan",slug:"cristina-stefan",fullName:"Cristina Stefan"},{id:"349330",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexandru",surname:"Irimie",slug:"alexandru-irimie",fullName:"Alexandru Irimie"},{id:"349859",title:"Prof.",name:"Schuyler",surname:"Korban",slug:"schuyler-korban",fullName:"Schuyler Korban"}]},{id:"73119",title:"The Rational Drug Design to Treat Cancers",slug:"the-rational-drug-design-to-treat-cancers",totalDownloads:351,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"262416",title:"Dr.",name:"Abdul Hameed",surname:"Khan",slug:"abdul-hameed-khan",fullName:"Abdul Hameed Khan"}]},{id:"73716",title:"Natural Medicinal Compounds from Marine Fungi towards Drug Discovery: A Review",slug:"natural-medicinal-compounds-from-marine-fungi-towards-drug-discovery-a-review",totalDownloads:485,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"319885",title:"Dr.",name:"Brindha",surname:"Devi Parthiban",slug:"brindha-devi-parthiban",fullName:"Brindha Devi Parthiban"},{id:"319886",title:"Ms.",name:"Thanga",surname:"Ridhanya",slug:"thanga-ridhanya",fullName:"Thanga Ridhanya"}]},{id:"74565",title:"Studies on Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists by Using Density Functional Theory",slug:"studies-on-histamine-h2-receptor-antagonists-by-using-density-functional-theory",totalDownloads:306,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"210150",title:"Mrs.",name:"Safna",surname:"Hussan Kodakkat Parambil",slug:"safna-hussan-kodakkat-parambil",fullName:"Safna Hussan Kodakkat Parambil"}]}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"252211",firstName:"Sara",lastName:"Debeuc",middleName:null,title:"Ms.",imageUrl:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/252211/images/7239_n.png",email:"sara.d@intechopen.com",biography:"As an Author Service Manager my responsibilities include monitoring and facilitating all publishing activities for authors and editors. From chapter submission and review, to approval and revision, copyediting and design, until final publication, I work closely with authors and editors to ensure a simple and easy publishing process. I maintain constant and effective communication with authors, editors and reviewers, which allows for a level of personal support that enables contributors to fully commit and concentrate on the chapters they are writing, editing, or reviewing. I assist authors in the preparation of their full chapter submissions and track important deadlines and ensure they are met. I help to coordinate internal processes such as linguistic review, and monitor the technical aspects of the process. As an ASM I am also involved in the acquisition of editors. Whether that be identifying an exceptional author and proposing an editorship collaboration, or contacting researchers who would like the opportunity to work with IntechOpen, I establish and help manage author and editor acquisition and contact."}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"6636",title:"Molecular Insight of Drug Design",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6dd106b3bc6a30ae0147ead58f9a8830",slug:"molecular-insight-of-drug-design",bookSignature:"Arli Aditya",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6636.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"72288",title:"Dr.",name:"Arli Aditya",surname:"Parikesit",slug:"arli-aditya-parikesit",fullName:"Arli Aditya Parikesit"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"671",title:"Drug Discovery and Development",subtitle:"Present and Future",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"74072e600a9fb54b8257355a7954399e",slug:"drug-discovery-and-development-present-and-future",bookSignature:"Izet M. Kapetanovic",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/671.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"68650",title:"Dr.",name:"Izet",surname:"Kapetanović",slug:"izet-kapetanovic",fullName:"Izet Kapetanović"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7867",title:"Drug Discovery and Development",subtitle:"New Advances",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5dd2483e8a643b7da16c4be006fd61cf",slug:"drug-discovery-and-development-new-advances",bookSignature:"Vishwanath Gaitonde, Partha Karmakar and Ashit Trivedi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7867.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"221897",title:"Dr.",name:"Vishwanath",surname:"Gaitonde",slug:"vishwanath-gaitonde",fullName:"Vishwanath Gaitonde"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6410",title:"Drug Discovery",subtitle:"Concepts to Market",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7c11a8742cce40078f11cacb0d5a5fee",slug:"drug-discovery-concepts-to-market",bookSignature:"Varaprasad Bobbarala",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6410.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"207119",title:"Dr.",name:"Varaprasad",surname:"Bobbarala PhD",slug:"varaprasad-bobbarala-phd",fullName:"Varaprasad Bobbarala PhD"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8067",title:"Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1d45bbc09e3ad00be279eea0df45abcc",slug:"molecular-docking-and-molecular-dynamics",bookSignature:"Amalia Stefaniu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8067.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"213696",title:"Dr.",name:"Amalia",surname:"Stefaniu",slug:"amalia-stefaniu",fullName:"Amalia Stefaniu"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10236",title:"Plasmodium Species and Drug Resistance",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"964a389525d1147af3e527c056ac1a73",slug:"plasmodium-species-and-drug-resistance",bookSignature:"Rajeev K. Tyagi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10236.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"269120",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajeev",surname:"Tyagi",slug:"rajeev-tyagi",fullName:"Rajeev Tyagi"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophile",surname:"Theophanides",slug:"theophile-theophanides",fullName:"Theophile Theophanides"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"35733",title:"Drug-Induced Encephalopathy",doi:"10.5772/31172",slug:"drug-induced-encephalopathy",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/35733.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/35733",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/35733",totalDownloads:20027,totalViews:520,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:7,totalAltmetricsMentions:0,impactScore:2,impactScorePercentile:79,impactScoreQuartile:4,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:"March 27th 2011",dateReviewed:"September 8th 2011",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"April 25th 2012",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/35733",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/35733",book:{id:"2119",slug:"miscellanea-on-encephalopathies-a-second-look"},signatures:"Niels Hansen",authors:[{id:"85908",title:"Dr.",name:"Niels",middleName:null,surname:"Hansen",fullName:"Niels Hansen",slug:"niels-hansen",email:"Hansen_N@klinik.uni-wuerzburg.de",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:{name:"University of Würzburg",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Germany"}}}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"2119",type:"book",title:"Miscellanea on Encephalopathies",subtitle:"A Second Look",fullTitle:"Miscellanea on Encephalopathies - A Second Look",slug:"miscellanea-on-encephalopathies-a-second-look",publishedDate:"April 25th 2012",bookSignature:"Radu Tanasescu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2119.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-51-0558-9",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-5281-1",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",numberOfWosCitations:17,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"72305",title:"Dr.",name:"Radu",middleName:null,surname:"Tanasescu",slug:"radu-tanasescu",fullName:"Radu Tanasescu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"1180"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"35731",type:"chapter",title:"Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy (MHE)",slug:"minimal-hepatic-encephalopathy-mhe-",totalDownloads:9124,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Daniela Benedeto-Stojanov and Dragan Stojanov",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"73741",title:"Prof.",name:"Daniela",middleName:null,surname:"Benedeto-Stojanov",fullName:"Daniela Benedeto-Stojanov",slug:"daniela-benedeto-stojanov"},{id:"84053",title:"Prof.",name:"Dragan",middleName:null,surname:"Stojanov",fullName:"Dragan Stojanov",slug:"dragan-stojanov"}]},{id:"35732",type:"chapter",title:"Uremic Encephalopathy",slug:"uremic-encephalopathy",totalDownloads:14494,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Annemie Van Dijck, Wendy Van Daele and Peter Paul De Deyn",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"95589",title:"Prof.",name:"Peter Paul",middleName:null,surname:"De Deyn",fullName:"Peter Paul De Deyn",slug:"peter-paul-de-deyn"},{id:"98217",title:"Dr.",name:"Annemie",middleName:null,surname:"Van Dijck",fullName:"Annemie Van Dijck",slug:"annemie-van-dijck"},{id:"122101",title:"Dr.",name:"Wendy",middleName:null,surname:"Van Daele",fullName:"Wendy Van Daele",slug:"wendy-van-daele"}]},{id:"35733",type:"chapter",title:"Drug-Induced Encephalopathy",slug:"drug-induced-encephalopathy",totalDownloads:20027,totalCrossrefCites:5,signatures:"Niels Hansen",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"85908",title:"Dr.",name:"Niels",middleName:null,surname:"Hansen",fullName:"Niels Hansen",slug:"niels-hansen"}]},{id:"35734",type:"chapter",title:"Sonographic Changes in Hypoxic-Ischaemic Encephalopathy",slug:"sonographic-changes-in-hypoxic-ischaemic-encephalopathy",totalDownloads:7048,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Pilvi Ilves",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"80706",title:"Prof.",name:"Pilvi",middleName:null,surname:"Ilves",fullName:"Pilvi Ilves",slug:"pilvi-ilves"}]},{id:"35735",type:"chapter",title:"Neoplasm Related Encephalopathies",slug:"neoplasm-related-encephalopathies",totalDownloads:4062,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Lore Lapeire, Anne Sieben, Patrick Santens and Simon Van Belle",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"78453",title:"Dr.",name:"Lore",middleName:null,surname:"Lapeire",fullName:"Lore Lapeire",slug:"lore-lapeire"},{id:"84051",title:"Dr.",name:"Anne",middleName:null,surname:"Sieben",fullName:"Anne Sieben",slug:"anne-sieben"},{id:"122445",title:"Prof.",name:"Simon",middleName:null,surname:"Van Belle",fullName:"Simon Van Belle",slug:"simon-van-belle"},{id:"122446",title:"Prof.",name:"Patrick",middleName:null,surname:"Santens",fullName:"Patrick Santens",slug:"patrick-santens"}]},{id:"35736",type:"chapter",title:"Hepatic Encephalopathy",slug:"hepatic-encephalopathy-",totalDownloads:2560,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Jeffrey E. Juneau and Brendan M. McGuire",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"73495",title:"Prof.",name:"Brendan",middleName:null,surname:"McGuire",fullName:"Brendan McGuire",slug:"brendan-mcguire"}]},{id:"35737",type:"chapter",title:"Hypoxic Encephalopathy",slug:"hypoxic-encephalopathy",totalDownloads:22709,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Mireia Moragas Garrido and Jordi Gascón Bayarri",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"83184",title:"Dr.",name:"Mireia",middleName:null,surname:"Moragas Garrido",fullName:"Mireia Moragas Garrido",slug:"mireia-moragas-garrido"},{id:"84069",title:"Dr.",name:"Jordi",middleName:null,surname:"Gascón-Bayarri",fullName:"Jordi Gascón-Bayarri",slug:"jordi-gascon-bayarri"}]},{id:"35738",type:"chapter",title:"Encephalopathy Associated with Psychotropic Drug Therapy",slug:"encephalopathy-associated-with-psychotropic-drug-therapy",totalDownloads:4569,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Yuji Odagaki",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"76341",title:"Dr.",name:"Yuji",middleName:null,surname:"Odagaki",fullName:"Yuji Odagaki",slug:"yuji-odagaki"}]},{id:"35739",type:"chapter",title:"The Use of Microdialysis in the Study of Encephalopathies",slug:"the-use-of-microdialysis-in-the-study-of-encephalopathies",totalDownloads:2154,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Liliana Carmona-Aparicio, Liliana Rivera-Espinosa and Hugo Juarez-Olguin",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"82751",title:"Dr",name:null,middleName:null,surname:"Olguín",fullName:"Olguín",slug:"olguin"}]},{id:"35740",type:"chapter",title:"Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy in Emergency Treatment of Cirrhosis and Bleeding Esophageal Varices",slug:"portal-systemic-encephalopathy-in-emergency-treatment-of-cirrhosis-and-bleeding-esophageal-varices",totalDownloads:2087,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Marshall J. Orloff",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"78512",title:"Prof.",name:"Marshall",middleName:null,surname:"Orloff",fullName:"Marshall Orloff",slug:"marshall-orloff"}]},{id:"35741",type:"chapter",title:"Future Perspectives for the Treatment of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy",slug:"future-perspectives-for-the-treatment-of-neonatal-hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy",totalDownloads:3945,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Pedro M. Pimentel-Coelho, Marcelo F. Santiago and Rosalia Mendez-Otero",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"74715",title:"Dr.",name:"Pedro Moreno",middleName:null,surname:"Pimentel-Coelho",fullName:"Pedro Moreno Pimentel-Coelho",slug:"pedro-moreno-pimentel-coelho"},{id:"83522",title:"Prof.",name:"Rosalia",middleName:null,surname:"Mendez-Otero",fullName:"Rosalia Mendez-Otero",slug:"rosalia-mendez-otero"},{id:"83523",title:"Prof.",name:"Marcelo",middleName:null,surname:"Felippe Santiago",fullName:"Marcelo Felippe Santiago",slug:"marcelo-felippe-santiago"}]},{id:"35742",type:"chapter",title:"Molecular Defects of Vitamin B6 Metabolism Associated with Neonatal Epileptic Encephalopathy",slug:"molecular-defects-of-vitamin-b6-metabolism-associated-with-neonatal-epileptic-encephalopathy",totalDownloads:3378,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Mohini S. Ghatge, Martino L. Di Salvo, Roberto Contestabile, Dorothy N. Eseonu, Sayali Karve, Verne Schirch and Martin K. Safo",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"76682",title:"Prof.",name:"Martin",middleName:null,surname:"Safo",fullName:"Martin Safo",slug:"martin-safo"},{id:"85590",title:"Dr.",name:"Martino",middleName:null,surname:"Di Salvo",fullName:"Martino Di Salvo",slug:"martino-di-salvo"},{id:"85591",title:"Dr.",name:"Roberto",middleName:null,surname:"Contestabile",fullName:"Roberto Contestabile",slug:"roberto-contestabile"},{id:"85592",title:"Prof.",name:"Verne",middleName:null,surname:"Schirch",fullName:"Verne Schirch",slug:"verne-schirch"},{id:"128759",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohini",middleName:null,surname:"Ghatge",fullName:"Mohini Ghatge",slug:"mohini-ghatge"},{id:"129003",title:"Ms.",name:"Sayaly",middleName:null,surname:"Karve",fullName:"Sayaly Karve",slug:"sayaly-karve"}]},{id:"35743",type:"chapter",title:"Disaccharides in the Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients with Cirrhosis",slug:"disaccharides-in-the-treatment-of-hepatic-encephalopathy-in-patients-with-cirrhosis",totalDownloads:4671,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Praveen Sharma",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"76481",title:"Prof.",name:"Praveen",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",fullName:"Praveen Sharma",slug:"praveen-sharma"}]},{id:"35744",type:"chapter",title:"Dopaminergic Dysfunction in Experimental Hepatic Encephalopathy",slug:"dopaminergic-dysfunction-in-experimental-hepatic-encephalopathy",totalDownloads:1848,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Isabel Suarez, Guillermo Bodega and Benjamin Fernandez",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"76438",title:"Prof.",name:"Isabel",middleName:null,surname:"Suárez",fullName:"Isabel Suárez",slug:"isabel-suarez"},{id:"127715",title:"Dr.",name:"Guillermo",middleName:null,surname:"Bodega",fullName:"Guillermo Bodega",slug:"guillermo-bodega"},{id:"127717",title:"Prof.",name:"Benjamín",middleName:null,surname:"Fernández",fullName:"Benjamín Fernández",slug:"benjamin-fernandez"}]},{id:"35745",type:"chapter",title:"Wernicke's Encephalopathy",slug:"wernicke-s-encephalopathy",totalDownloads:3788,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Radu Tanasescu, Laura Dumitrescu, Carmen Dragos, Dimela Luca, Alexandra Oprisan, Catalina Coclitu, Oana Simionescu, Lorena Cojocaru, Marius Stan, Andreea Carasca, Andreea Gitman, Adela Chiru and Marina Ticmeanu",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"72305",title:"Dr.",name:"Radu",middleName:null,surname:"Tanasescu",fullName:"Radu Tanasescu",slug:"radu-tanasescu"},{id:"150811",title:"Dr.",name:"Laura",middleName:null,surname:"Dumitrescu",fullName:"Laura Dumitrescu",slug:"laura-dumitrescu"},{id:"150812",title:"Dr.",name:"Carmen",middleName:null,surname:"Dragos",fullName:"Carmen Dragos",slug:"carmen-dragos"},{id:"150813",title:"Dr.",name:"Dimela",middleName:null,surname:"Luca",fullName:"Dimela Luca",slug:"dimela-luca"},{id:"150815",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexandra",middleName:null,surname:"Oprisan",fullName:"Alexandra Oprisan",slug:"alexandra-oprisan"},{id:"150816",title:"Dr.",name:"Catalina",middleName:null,surname:"Coclitu",fullName:"Catalina Coclitu",slug:"catalina-coclitu"},{id:"150817",title:"Dr.",name:"Oana",middleName:null,surname:"Simionescu",fullName:"Oana Simionescu",slug:"oana-simionescu"},{id:"150818",title:"Dr.",name:"Lorena",middleName:null,surname:"Cojocaru",fullName:"Lorena Cojocaru",slug:"lorena-cojocaru"},{id:"150819",title:"Dr.",name:"Marius",middleName:null,surname:"Stan",fullName:"Marius Stan",slug:"marius-stan"},{id:"150820",title:"Dr.",name:"Andreea",middleName:null,surname:"Carasca",fullName:"Andreea Carasca",slug:"andreea-carasca"},{id:"150821",title:"Dr.",name:"Andreea",middleName:null,surname:"Gitman",fullName:"Andreea Gitman",slug:"andreea-gitman"},{id:"150822",title:"Dr.",name:"Adela",middleName:null,surname:"Chiru",fullName:"Adela Chiru",slug:"adela-chiru"},{id:"150823",title:"Prof.",name:"Marina",middleName:null,surname:"Ticmeanu",fullName:"Marina Ticmeanu",slug:"marina-ticmeanu"}]},{id:"35746",type:"chapter",title:"L-carnitine in Hyperammonemia and Hepatic Encephalopathy",slug:"l-carnitine-in-hyperammonemia-and-hepatic-encephalopathy",totalDownloads:9755,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Jane Missler and Claudia Zwingmann",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"79655",title:"Dr.",name:"Claudia",middleName:null,surname:"Zwingmann",fullName:"Claudia Zwingmann",slug:"claudia-zwingmann"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"682",title:"Miscellanea on Encephalopathies",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ab4c06a22583d820ecffbd3de1ee4b22",slug:"miscellanea-on-encephalopathies",bookSignature:"Radu Tanasescu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/682.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"72305",title:"Dr.",name:"Radu",surname:"Tanasescu",slug:"radu-tanasescu",fullName:"Radu Tanasescu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"36008",title:"Posttransplantation Encephalopaties",slug:"posttransplantation-encephalopaties",signatures:"Daniela Anghel, Laura Dumitrescu, Catalina Coclitu, Amalia Ene, Ovidiu Bajenaru and Radu Tanasescu",authors:[{id:"122837",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniela",middleName:null,surname:"Anghel",fullName:"Daniela Anghel",slug:"daniela-anghel"}]},{id:"36009",title:"HIV Encephalopathy - Now and Then",slug:"hiv-encephalopathy-now-and-then",signatures:"Cristina Loredana Benea, Ana-Maria Petrescu and Ruxandra Moroti-Constantinescu",authors:[{id:"123667",title:"Dr.",name:"Loredana",middleName:null,surname:"Benea",fullName:"Loredana Benea",slug:"loredana-benea"},{id:"146148",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana Maria",middleName:null,surname:"Petrescu",fullName:"Ana Maria Petrescu",slug:"ana-maria-petrescu"},{id:"146150",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina-Ruxandra",middleName:null,surname:"Moroti-Constantinescu",fullName:"Valentina-Ruxandra Moroti-Constantinescu",slug:"valentina-ruxandra-moroti-constantinescu"}]},{id:"36010",title:"Central Nervous System Involvement in Lyme Disease - Making the Diagnosis and Choosing the Correct Treatment",slug:"central-nervous-system-involvement-in-lyme-disease-making-the-diagnosis-and-choosing-the-correct-tre",signatures:"Ruxandra Calin, Adriana Hristea and Radu Tanasescu",authors:[{id:"113779",title:"Dr.",name:"Ruxandra",middleName:null,surname:"Calin",fullName:"Ruxandra Calin",slug:"ruxandra-calin"}]},{id:"36011",title:"Mechanisms of Cell Death in the Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies",slug:"mechanisms-of-cell-death-in-the-transmissible-spongiform-encephalopathies",signatures:"Fiona Lane, James Alibhai, Jean C. Manson and Andrew C. Gill",authors:[{id:"72286",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrew",middleName:null,surname:"Gill",fullName:"Andrew Gill",slug:"andrew-gill"},{id:"84936",title:"Ms.",name:"Fiona",middleName:null,surname:"Lane",fullName:"Fiona Lane",slug:"fiona-lane"},{id:"84937",title:"Mr.",name:"James",middleName:"David",surname:"Alibhai",fullName:"James Alibhai",slug:"james-alibhai"},{id:"84938",title:"Prof.",name:"Jean",middleName:null,surname:"Manson",fullName:"Jean Manson",slug:"jean-manson"}]},{id:"36012",title:"Molecular Pathogenesis of Prion Diseases",slug:"molecular-pathogenesis-of-prion-diseases",signatures:"Giuseppe Legname and Gianluigi Zanusso",authors:[{id:"84972",title:"Prof.",name:"Giuseppe",middleName:null,surname:"Legname",fullName:"Giuseppe Legname",slug:"giuseppe-legname"}]},{id:"36013",title:"Acute Encephalopathies and Psychiatry",slug:"acute-encephalopathies-and-psychiatry",signatures:"Karim Sedky, Racha Nazir and Steven Lippmann",authors:[{id:"77935",title:"Dr.",name:"Karim",middleName:null,surname:"Sedky",fullName:"Karim Sedky",slug:"karim-sedky"},{id:"84176",title:"Prof.",name:"Steven",middleName:null,surname:"Lippmann",fullName:"Steven Lippmann",slug:"steven-lippmann"},{id:"84177",title:"Dr.",name:"Racha",middleName:null,surname:"Nazir",fullName:"Racha Nazir",slug:"racha-nazir"}]},{id:"36014",title:"Current Advances in Cerebral Malaria Associated Encephalopathy",slug:"current-advances-in-cerebral-malaria-associated-encephalopathy",signatures:"Mingli Liu, Shanchun Guo, Monica Battle and Jonathan K. Stiles",authors:[{id:"77322",title:"Dr.",name:"Shanchun",middleName:null,surname:"Guo",fullName:"Shanchun Guo",slug:"shanchun-guo"},{id:"84004",title:"Prof.",name:"Jonathan",middleName:null,surname:"Stiles",fullName:"Jonathan Stiles",slug:"jonathan-stiles"},{id:"84584",title:"Dr.",name:"Mingli",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",fullName:"Mingli Liu",slug:"mingli-liu"},{id:"128512",title:"Ms.",name:"Monica",middleName:null,surname:"Battle",fullName:"Monica Battle",slug:"monica-battle"}]},{id:"36015",title:"Encephalopathy Related to Ivermectin Treatment of Onchocerciasis in Loa loa Endemic Areas: Operational Considerations",slug:"encephalopathy-related-to-ivermectin-treatment-of-onchocerciasis-in-loa-loa-endemic-areas-operationa",signatures:"Takougang Innocent and Muteba Daniel",authors:[{id:"75520",title:"Prof.",name:"Innocent",middleName:null,surname:"Takougang",fullName:"Innocent Takougang",slug:"innocent-takougang"}]},{id:"36016",title:"Past and Future of Diagnosis and Therapy of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy",slug:"past-and-future-of-diagnosis-and-therapy-of-transmissible-spongiform-encephalopathy",signatures:"Chih-Yuan Tseng and Jack Tuszynski",authors:[{id:"57382",title:"Prof.",name:"Jack",middleName:null,surname:"Tuszynski",fullName:"Jack Tuszynski",slug:"jack-tuszynski"},{id:"76138",title:"Dr.",name:"Chih-Yuan",middleName:null,surname:"Tseng",fullName:"Chih-Yuan Tseng",slug:"chih-yuan-tseng"}]}]}],publishedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"563",title:"Brain Injury",subtitle:"Pathogenesis, Monitoring, Recovery and Management",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6e40d2cf6eebee2041b76a70987f4258",slug:"brain-injury-pathogenesis-monitoring-recovery-and-management",bookSignature:"Amit Agrawal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/563.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"100142",title:"Prof.",name:"Amit",surname:"Agrawal",slug:"amit-agrawal",fullName:"Amit Agrawal"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"682",title:"Miscellanea on Encephalopathies",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ab4c06a22583d820ecffbd3de1ee4b22",slug:"miscellanea-on-encephalopathies",bookSignature:"Radu Tanasescu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/682.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"72305",title:"Dr.",name:"Radu",surname:"Tanasescu",slug:"radu-tanasescu",fullName:"Radu Tanasescu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"748",title:"Topics in Neuromodulation Treatment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"032222862a490b0d0d5ef9650e600e9f",slug:"topics-in-neuromodulation-treatment",bookSignature:"Jose D. Carrillo-Ruiz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/748.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"74752",title:"Dr.",name:"José Damián",surname:"Carrillo-Ruiz",slug:"jose-damian-carrillo-ruiz",fullName:"José Damián Carrillo-Ruiz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2034",title:"Brain Injury",subtitle:"Functional Aspects, Rehabilitation and Prevention",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"97fb870ccfe237f3270c3ae1b7a7dacd",slug:"brain-injury-functional-aspects-rehabilitation-and-prevention",bookSignature:"Amit Agrawal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2034.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"100142",title:"Prof.",name:"Amit",surname:"Agrawal",slug:"amit-agrawal",fullName:"Amit Agrawal"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2119",title:"Miscellanea on Encephalopathies",subtitle:"A Second Look",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2881c23482aaaccf648a51319e3f8af9",slug:"miscellanea-on-encephalopathies-a-second-look",bookSignature:"Radu Tanasescu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2119.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"72305",title:"Dr.",name:"Radu",surname:"Tanasescu",slug:"radu-tanasescu",fullName:"Radu Tanasescu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],publishedBooksByAuthor:[{type:"book",id:"2119",title:"Miscellanea on Encephalopathies",subtitle:"A Second Look",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2881c23482aaaccf648a51319e3f8af9",slug:"miscellanea-on-encephalopathies-a-second-look",bookSignature:"Radu Tanasescu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2119.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"72305",title:"Dr.",name:"Radu",surname:"Tanasescu",slug:"radu-tanasescu",fullName:"Radu Tanasescu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"79703",title:"Soil Degradation and the Human Condition, Including the Pandemic, Interactions, Causes, Impacts, Control Measures and Likely Future Prospects",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101153",slug:"soil-degradation-and-the-human-condition-including-the-pandemic-interactions-causes-impacts-control-",body:'Covid-19, a novel, fast moving global pandemic [1] caused by the Severe acute respiratory Syndrome Corona virus-2 (SARS-Cov-2 virus) [2] Which has engulfed the world since 2019 has recorded over 3,117,542 deaths as of week 16 2021 [3]. A disease that was noticed in Wuhan China firstly and later reported to World Health Organization (WHO) on 31st December 2019, sinking major World economies with major impact on health, Aviation, agriculture, hospitality, education, sports, oil and gas [4, 5] almost all sectors of life. Since the outbreak, a lot of awareness have been created drawing the attention of humanity to it. Due to the nature of the disease, countries of the world have committed fortune to the tune of over USD 11.7 trillion [6] see to its eradication yet the disease is worsening.
Beyond covid-19 pandemic is an environmental issue of major concern to all nations of the world known as soil degradation: a major and most prominent subset of land degradation. The global spread (Figure 1) threatens the sustainability of human life [7].
Global distribution of soil degradation.
By 2050, 50–700 million people worldwide are likely to be forced to migrate due to a combination of climate change and land degradation [8]. Soil, one of the world’s limited, nonrenewable resources takes between 200 and 1000 years to form 2.5 cm of its top [9]. Word wide eroded soil up to the tune of 50 billion tons each year costs up to US$150 billion (US$3 per ton), nutrient loss in eroded soil costs US$100 billion per ton and offsite impacts cost US$400 billion per tons [9]. Apart from the above mentioned, European Commission documented that the process of soil degradation can lead to collapse of ecosystem and landscape structures such as those of Figures 2–5 making societies more vulnerable to extreme weather conditions, risks political instability and food insecurity.
People risking abandoning their homes to erosion.
Road cut as a result of soil degradation.
Active gully site in Owerri Imo State.
Agro forestry. Source: [
To fulfill the food demand of the increasing human population especially in developing countries most of whom living terrifyingly close to poverty line, greater attention must be paid to sustainability of arable land usage [11], which must have to increase by 13% or 120 million by 2030 [12]. The associated crises affecting the quality of human diet, shifting attention to highly processed foods with less available fresh vegetables and fruits could create health challenge vicious cycles thus making a fertile ground for covid 19 and other related health issues to thrive. European Commission [8] documents “Caring for Soil is Caring for Life” stipulated that 75 % of the world’s soils ought to be sound/healthy for food, people, nature and climate and doing so, will help to achieve the UN 2015 sustainable development goal no. 15: Life on Land. Food production is a factor of soil quality, therefore, the restoration of soil quality and functionality strengthens the resilient of soil for food production and environmental friendliness.
Soil degradation is the temporary or permanent diminution or lowering of the productive potential of soil of an area to perform ecosystem functions [13]. A soil is degraded when one or more combination of human induced processes acting upon it affects its biophysical value [14]. Eswaran et al. [15] defined soil degradation as any recognized deleterious, detrimental, undesirable destructive disturbance of the soil. The Global Assessment of Soil Degradation (GLASOD) opined that soil degradation caused by humans deteriorates soil quality imparing partially one or more of its functions [16].
Soil degradation sets in when the capacity of an ecosystem to renew itself is constrained by disturbances [17]. The degradation of soil, traces back to the Neolithic time between 7500 and 10,000 years ago as inappropriate agriculture practices were embraced by mankind [18] and linked also to over population [19] and land use [20]. It takes several years or decades for soil degradation to be noticed or recognized. This is because the process of degradation is gradual and when it has occurred, it takes a long time to fully reclaim the soil. Soil degradation is the most prominent subset of land degradation. This is on the ground that it is the most manipulated feature of land. Studies of land degradation are mostly approached from soil degradation point of view [21]. Other factors that contribute to land degradation include, water and forest respectively.
UNEP [22] rated the severity or intensity of erosion in an area as (a) Light: where the landscape has low potential to sustain agriculture and management modifications can restore its productiveness. (b) Moderate: The soil here has a greatly reduced productivity, but is still suitable for use in local agricultural activities, major improvements are required to restore the soil) (c). Strong: Here the productive potential of the soil is virtually lost and the farm becomes unsuitable for agric activities. To rehabilitate the soil in this category requires major engineering works/investments are required to rehabilitate the landscape. (d) Extreme: The environment here is irreclaimable and efforts to restore it will be in futility.
Several researchers have recorded several causes of soil degradation. Brady and Weil [17] outlined water erosion, wind erosion, chemical degradation and physical degradation. Mbagwu et al. [23] added soil fertility decline, salinization, water logging and lowering of water table. The major causes of soil degradation include human activities [24], over grazing, deforestation in appropriate farming practices, deforestation leading to desertification, wild fire, road construction; accelerated erosion by water and wind [25], natural factors, over exploitation of vegetation for domestic use and bio industrial activities [22]. Ofomata, and Igwe et al. [26, 27] showed that the environmental factors of vegetation, geology, geomorphology, climate in the form of rainfall which is very aggressive in the tropics and soil factors all contributed to soil degradation problem and its development.
Water erosion is the detachment, (releasing of soil particles by the action of direct rainfall) transportation (splashing, floating, rolling and dragging of detached soil particles) and deposition of transported soil particles at certain places of lower elevation by water [28]. Whereas the mechanics of wind erosion are saltation (short skips of detached soil particles, suspension (rolling extending upward to a distance), surface creep (rolling or sliding of particles) by wind.
Soil erosion could be accelerated or natural [17]. The accelerated form of it, is human induced, as a result of farming on marginal land, construction deforestation etc. whereas the geological (natural or normal) erosion is the inexorable and continuous process of evolution of the earth’s surface by such geological agents as rainfall, overland flow etc.
Occurrence of soil erosion in fields could be rated or assessed based on incorporation of the loss of top soil and landscape deformation through gulling, riling etc. as follows; Slight: where the top soil has been removed and whose crop rooting depth is exceeding 50 cm, moderate: here all top soils have been removed and formation of gully sets in), Strong (in this rate, all top soils here must have been removed, moderately deep gullies up to 20 m apart are seen) and finally Extreme(Here land is irreclaimable and impossible to restore) [29].
Water erosion comes in the following forms: Splash erosion: the impact of raindrops may liberate particles from the soil surface. On slopes, it contributes to the general movement of loosen particles by flow or wash processes.
Sheetwash or inter rill erosion: occurs as a continuous film of water when the ground surface is smooth or as a myriad of small interconnected rivulets on rougher surfaces. Sheetwash is effective in eroding particles loosened by both drop impact and the progressive increase in soil water content that occurs during a rainfall event [30].
Rifling: results from the concentration of overland flow [31]. The depth of water in rills is greater and more turbulent than in sheet wash, giving the potential for larger particles to be entrained. Rills develop into networks that can, over time, extend laterally and up slope. However, they can be removed by plowing and need not be an obstacle to agriculture, though they will reappear unless remedial action is taken to deal with their cause.
Gullying: can result from the widening and deepening of rills, or by a change in surface conditions on a slope leading to a sudden increase in runoff [32] A gully can be defined as having a steep head and sides, wider than 0.3 m and deeper than 0.6 m. Gully development can be rapid and not only do gullies act as effective conduits for the removal of soil from fields, they obstruct movement and inhibit the use of mechanized farming methods.
Piping: is erosion through the development of subsurface tunnels. This can occur naturally, particularly in dispersive soils or those subject to marked action by burrowing animals [33], but it is enhanced by a reduction in surface vegetation and a loss of internal binding by roots.
Over the years, methods of measuring soil erosion such as estimation of rates of sediment transport in rivers, calculation by the use of empirical formular for a given soil type and slope [34] exist. Others include, Rational method, Unit hydrograph, hydrologic basin [35], air photo interpretation, (API), geographic information system [36], rain fall simulation methods [28]. Each of the above has their associated limitations. Apart from these, direct and indirect methods of assessing soil erosion have been established. De Vleeschauwer et al. [37] compared various detachability indices for a range of soil in Nigeria. Lugo-Lopez et al. [38] predicted the erosiveness of some soil from Puerto Rico by an index that involved dispersion ratio and soil moisture equivalent. Agim [28] determined sediment yield and runoff through rainfall simulation methods in selected soils of Southeastern Nigeria. Though these methods abound, the need for more precise ways of predicting soil erosion led to the development of more acceptable methods known as the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) Wischmeier and Smith [38] which states that amount of soil loss (A) is a function of erosivity (R), erodibility (k), slope length and steepness (LS), management cover and support practices (CP) (A= R.K.LS.CP). The limitation in USLE ((i) The empirical nature of it in computing soil loss does not show the actual soil loss in theory. (ii) Prediction of average soil loss thereby computing less values when measured. (iii) It does not compute gully erosion but sheet and rill erosion (iv) Does not compute sediment deposition which is higher at the point of deposition than when it is detached) also led to the development of Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and later Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) developed by Agricultural Research Service and the USDA National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory.
The RUSLE which is land use dependent took care of the values of erosion s modified by vegetative cover with improved calculation of slope length. It gave better account of runoff water that is capable of being channeled into rills and gullies than being uniform as posited by USLE. Converging, diverging terrains, areas with rock fragmentation are also taken care of than in USLE. On its own, the water erosion prediction project (WEPP) which is physically based in erosion computation model, can assess a variety of landuse and climate. It integrates plant science, hydraulic mechanics to predicting soil erosion at hill tops and watershed scales. In Nigeria, [26] used multiple regression model to successfully predict erosion. Igwe [40] predicted erosion with water dispersible clay indices.
Compaction, sealing and crusting of topsoil, and water logging are classified as physical processes of soil degradation [22]. Soil compaction, is brought about by the utilization of large equipment and stomping on by animals on soils with a low primary dependability while crusting and sealing are due to the obstructing/sealing of the soil pores by fine grain silt and clay particles dispersed by raindrop impact [41]. Animals stomping or stamping on the soil can also prompt soil crusting. They hinder the tillage of arable soils, and impede or delay the emergence of seedlings and the penetration of roots; they adversely affect soil diversity of soil microorganisms. Nutrient cycles can be altered resulting to a decrease in nutrient levels in soil [42]. Soil water infiltration capacity is also diminished; affecting soil moisture properties and causing increased surface runoff and often higher erosion. Water logging includes submergence by rain water and flooding by river water caused by interferences on natural drainage systems by man. It results when rain water is applied in excess of the needs of the crops than the soil infiltration capacity. This leads to the severe loss of soil air content causing stress to plants as a result shortage of oxygen. In these conditions plants are stressed due to a shortage of oxygen for metabolism by the roots, micro-organisms responsible for biodegradation of organic material are inhibited or killed. Water logging also causes problems of salinization.
The physical consequence of salinization, is sodication which is one of the chemical degradation process. It occurs by the dominance of sodium ions in the soil as a result of concentration of water by evapo transpiration. Sodication results to structureless soil which is unfavorable to root development, almost impermeable to water.
Aridification is the change in soil moisture content for a more water-deficient soil system that is brought about by human action. It is mostly seen in areas where lake or River is used for agriculture.
Subsidence of organic soils according to Doornkamp [43], is the subsidence of organic soils occurs when peaty materials become susceptible to oxidation after drainage has lowered the water table, leaving the peat susceptible to oxidation and deflation, hence lowering the land in a similar manner to the way in which clay soils shrink when desiccated.
Soil degradation has been quoted by [44] to be a serious threat to man especially in developing countries of the world notably West Africa [45] where about 65% of the land is classified as being degraded [46]. The environmental and economic impact and of soil degradation have been grouped into onsite and offsite effects [17]. Onsite effects include physical removal or loss of nutrient rich top soil [47]. There is well over 26.5 × 109 metric tons yr.−1 global soil loss of top soil a factor that increased diseases such as ebola and Marbug virus and reduced GDO by 10% [4]. Loss of nutrient rich top soil causes decline or low crop yields and accounted for less than 1.5 t ha−1 beyond 5 tha−1 yield potential of cereal crops over the past five decades in sub Saharan Africa [48]. Wide spread gullies like those in the Table 1 have separated communities (Figure 2), forced people out of their homes and destroyed construction works (Figure 3), abandoning of arable lands (Figure 4). There has been increased in tree lodging, windblown dust leading to health hazards from wind erosion. On the other hand, offsite effects include increased cost of production. In this connection, about US$68bn per year is lost to Soil degradation, a value that reduces the regional annual agricultural GDP by 3% [50]Beyond the loss of fertile land [14], the effects of soil erosion extend to high pollution and sedimentation in streams and rivers, a major cause of euthrophication, turbidity of Rivers and which causes declines in fish and other species.
S/No. | State | No. of gully sites | Stages of development | level of control |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Abia | 300 | Some dominant/some active | No records |
Ebonyi | 250 | Stages of development | Level of control | |
2 | Imo | 450 | some active/some dormant | Not successful |
4 | Enugu | 600 | some active/some dormant | None |
5 | Anambra | 700 | mostly active | Not successful |
The rate of soil degradation, and the possibility of its control, depend on the type of process involved in the degradation [16] Since rainfall and wind are the major drivers of water and wind erosion, efforts geared to erosion control should target those that will stop/reduce the direct impact of rainfall, improve infiltration rate, reduce runoff, build organic matter thereby restoring soil fertility. These factors are grouped into three namely agronomic, biological and engineering measures [51]. Agronomic measure targets the use of dead or fresh vegetation to shield soil surface from direct raindrop impact and to establish rough surfaces that will impede reduce runoff [52]. The agronomic technologies also help in water conservation and have being adjudged as a key adaptation strategy for developing countries of world, especially in sub-Saharan Africa [10].
This involves the planting of different trees and shrubs grown together with different agricultural crops, pasture and life stock (Figure 5). In this system there is ecosystem interactions that help to build up the resilient of the soil.
This is the type of tillage that requires no tilling but involves the leaving of previous crop residues on the soil. This also helps in carbon sequestration. Conservation tillage has zero tillage, minimum tillage, permanent soil cover, crop rotation and section as the available types (Figure 6).
Conservation tillage. Source: [
According to [53, 54] mixed cropping/Intercropping is when two or more crops for instance cereals and legumes are planted at the same time in the same farm (Figure 7). For and intercrop to exist, the level of temporal and spatial overlap between the two crops must somewhat vary. Notable examples include row cropping where crops are alternately arranged in rows, temporal intercropping where slow growing crops are grown sown with fast-growing crops such that the later can be harvested before the later.
Mixed/intercropping.
In this type of agronomic method, crops are planted in narrow strips across a land slope. Arrangement here is that the strips are placed in such a manner that the strip crops are separated by close growing crops that are erosion resistant (Figure 8).
Strip cropping. Source: [
In strip cropping, runoff water infiltrate into the soil more [51] and at such erosion is reduced.
Other methods include mulching which helps to improve soil moisture and smoothers weed, green manures application, early planting method, building of Man-made terraces and Contour plowing, reforestation (UN 2015 opined to stop degradation, we must preserve forests, deserts and mountain ecosystems).
Windbreaks are trees or shrubs directly planted in linear or row form with an intent of reducing the speed of wind, improve the yield of crop and protect livestock from heat and cold. They have the ability of reducing wind speed for an approximate distance of 15 times the height of the tallest tree. Wind breakers also contribute to land scape beautification.
Application of organic manure in the soil [28] showed promising results in the reduction of runoff and sediment yield in selected soils of South Eastern Nigeria Table 2.
Geologic formation | Organic amendment | Rates of amendment application on sediment yield (kg m−2 hr.−1) | Rates of amendment application on runoff (mm) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 t ha−1 | 10 t ha−1 | 20 t ha−1 | 0 t ha−1 | 10 t ha−1 | 20 t ha−1 | ||
ARG (Ishiagu) | Goat dropping | 3.72 | 3.24 | 3.06 | 125.30 | 111.30 | 119.70 |
Poultry dropping | 3.72 | 3.57 | 3.09 | 125.30 | 118.00 | 104.00 | |
CPS (Obinze) | Goat dropping | 2.72 | 1.18 | 1.39 | 95.90 | 95.20 | 89.00 |
Poultry dropping | 2.72 | 2.56 | 2.07 | 95.90 | 81.50 | 70.90 | |
FBS (Umulolo) | Goat dropping | 1.66 | 1.71 | 2.16 | 87.50 | 85.30 | 80.80 |
Poultry dropping | 1.66 | 2.18 | 1.75 | 87.50 | 85.00 | 81.50 | |
BAG (Bende) | Goat dropping | 3.95 | 0.28 | 0.20 | 91.90 | 86.10 | 85.00 |
Poultry dropping | 3.95 | 2.09 | 1.34 | 91.90 | 78.00 | 63.00 |
Effects of organic manure on sediment yield and runoff of selected soils under different geologic formation in southeastern Nigeria.
ARG = Asu River group, CPS = Coastal Plain sand, FBS = Falsebedded Sandstone, and BAG = Bende Ameki Group.
The organic amendments helped in building soil organic matter that encouraged binding of the soil. This increased the infiltration capacity of the soil.
Looking forward for brighter future, cleaner and bluer environment, awareness creation in schools, increase in soil literacy, soil health training especially in sub Saharan Africa, sustainable government policies can help curb the menace of soil degradation. The above prospects have the potential to contribute to major initiatives for reducing soil sealing, crusting, compaction.
If covid-19 lock down and restrictions between March and April 2020 achieved a lot of challenges facing humanity including lowering atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide [55], the making water of Ganges River drinkable, atmospheric air in rich industrial activity cities made purer, cities bluer than seen in decades [4, 56] significant human depopulation that is capable of creating cooling effects by providing conducive environment [57] which according to [4] the United Nations Climate Change Conference of Parties (COP21) could not solve, reduction in soil degradation could achieve more.
Beyond global pandemic is soil degradation an issue of global concern that threatens the development of human globally. The concentration of soil degradation in developing countries where poverty level is high calls for urgent action. This work looked at soil degradation from the angles of the causes, impacts, and prospects and proffered some measures for its solution. We identified water erosion, wind erosion, surface sealing together with inappropriate land use practices as some of the major causes of soil degradation. In proffering solutions, we recognized that since water and wind erosion are the major causes, measures to control them should target protection of the soil from direct impact of water and wind erosion, build soil organic matter and increase the infiltration capacity of the soil should be adopted. Notable agronomic measures such as agro-forestry, mulching, strip cropping etc. were recommended. Proffering solutions to soil degradation will go a long way to achieving the UN sustainable goal no 15. Protection of life.
The authors wish to appreciate our family members for their collective and individual sacrifices to us.
There is no conflict of interest in this work.
IntechOpen's Authorship Policy is based on ICMJE criteria for authorship. An Author, one must:
',metaTitle:"Authorship Policy",metaDescription:"IN TECH's Authorship Policy is based on ICMJE criteria for authorship. In order to be identified as an Author, one must:",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"/page/authorship-policy",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"All contributors who meet these criteria are listed as Authors. Their exact contributions should be described in the manuscript at the time of submission.
\\n\\nConversely, all contributors who do not meet these criteria should be listed in the Acknowledgments section of the manuscript, along with a short description of their specific contributions.
\\n\\nCHANGES IN AUTHORSHIP
\\n\\nIf it is felt necessary to make changes to the list of Authors after a manuscript has been submitted or published, it is the responsibility of the Author concerned to provide a valid reason to amend the published list. Additionally, all listed Authors must verify and approve the proposed changes in order for any amendments to be made.
\\n\\nAFFILIATION
\\n\\nAuthors are responsible for ensuring all addresses and emails provided are correct. Under affiliation(s) all Authors should indicate where the research was conducted. Please note that no changes to the affiliation(s) can be made after the chapter has been published.
\\n\\nPolicy last updated: 2017-05-29
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:"All contributors who meet these criteria are listed as Authors. Their exact contributions should be described in the manuscript at the time of submission.
\n\nConversely, all contributors who do not meet these criteria should be listed in the Acknowledgments section of the manuscript, along with a short description of their specific contributions.
\n\nCHANGES IN AUTHORSHIP
\n\nIf it is felt necessary to make changes to the list of Authors after a manuscript has been submitted or published, it is the responsibility of the Author concerned to provide a valid reason to amend the published list. Additionally, all listed Authors must verify and approve the proposed changes in order for any amendments to be made.
\n\nAFFILIATION
\n\nAuthors are responsible for ensuring all addresses and emails provided are correct. Under affiliation(s) all Authors should indicate where the research was conducted. Please note that no changes to the affiliation(s) can be made after the chapter has been published.
\n\nPolicy last updated: 2017-05-29
\n"}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{},profiles:[{id:"396",title:"Dr.",name:"Vedran",middleName:null,surname:"Kordic",slug:"vedran-kordic",fullName:"Vedran Kordic",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/396/images/7281_n.png",biography:"After obtaining his Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering he continued his education at the Vienna University of Technology where he obtained his PhD degree in 2004. He worked as a researcher at the Automation and Control Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology until 2008. His studies in robotics lead him not only to a PhD degree but also inspired him to co-found and build the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems - world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"441",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Jaekyu",middleName:null,surname:"Park",slug:"jaekyu-park",fullName:"Jaekyu Park",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/441/images/1881_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"LG Corporation (South Korea)",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"465",title:"Dr",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Martens",slug:"christian-martens",fullName:"Christian Martens",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"479",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",middleName:null,surname:"Colla",slug:"valentina-colla",fullName:"Valentina Colla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/479/images/358_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies",country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"494",title:"PhD",name:"Loris",middleName:null,surname:"Nanni",slug:"loris-nanni",fullName:"Loris Nanni",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/494/images/system/494.jpg",biography:"Loris Nanni received his Master Degree cum laude on June-2002 from the University of Bologna, and the April 26th 2006 he received his Ph.D. in Computer Engineering at DEIS, University of Bologna. On September, 29th 2006 he has won a post PhD fellowship from the university of Bologna (from October 2006 to October 2008), at the competitive examination he was ranked first in the industrial engineering area. He extensively served as referee for several international journals. He is author/coauthor of more than 100 research papers. He has been involved in some projects supported by MURST and European Community. His research interests include pattern recognition, bioinformatics, and biometric systems (fingerprint classification and recognition, signature verification, face recognition).",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"496",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Leon",slug:"carlos-leon",fullName:"Carlos Leon",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Seville",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"512",title:"Dr.",name:"Dayang",middleName:null,surname:"Jawawi",slug:"dayang-jawawi",fullName:"Dayang Jawawi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Technology Malaysia",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"528",title:"Dr.",name:"Kresimir",middleName:null,surname:"Delac",slug:"kresimir-delac",fullName:"Kresimir Delac",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/528/images/system/528.jpg",biography:"K. Delac received his B.Sc.E.E. degree in 2003 and is currentlypursuing a Ph.D. degree at the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering andComputing. His current research interests are digital image analysis, pattern recognition andbiometrics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Zagreb",country:{name:"Croatia"}}},{id:"557",title:"Dr.",name:"Andon",middleName:"Venelinov",surname:"Topalov",slug:"andon-topalov",fullName:"Andon Topalov",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/557/images/1927_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Andon V. Topalov received the MSc degree in Control Engineering from the Faculty of Information Systems, Technologies, and Automation at Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGGU) in 1979. He then received his PhD degree in Control Engineering from the Department of Automation and Remote Control at Moscow State Mining University (MGSU), Moscow, in 1984. From 1985 to 1986, he was a Research Fellow in the Research Institute for Electronic Equipment, ZZU AD, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. In 1986, he joined the Department of Control Systems, Technical University of Sofia at the Plovdiv campus, where he is presently a Full Professor. He has held long-term visiting Professor/Scholar positions at various institutions in South Korea, Turkey, Mexico, Greece, Belgium, UK, and Germany. And he has coauthored one book and authored or coauthored more than 80 research papers in conference proceedings and journals. His current research interests are in the fields of intelligent control and robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Technical University of Sofia",country:{name:"Bulgaria"}}},{id:"585",title:"Prof.",name:"Munir",middleName:null,surname:"Merdan",slug:"munir-merdan",fullName:"Munir Merdan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/585/images/system/585.jpg",biography:"Munir Merdan received the M.Sc. degree in mechanical engineering from the Technical University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, in 2009.Since 2005, he has been at the Automation and Control Institute, Vienna University of Technology, where he is currently a Senior Researcher. His research interests include the application of agent technology for achieving agile control in the manufacturing environment.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"605",title:"Prof",name:"Dil",middleName:null,surname:"Hussain",slug:"dil-hussain",fullName:"Dil Hussain",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/605/images/system/605.jpg",biography:"Dr. Dil Muhammad Akbar Hussain is a professor of Electronics Engineering & Computer Science at the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University Denmark. Professor Akbar has a Master degree in Digital Electronics from Govt. College University, Lahore Pakistan and a P-hD degree in Control Engineering from the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Sussex United Kingdom. Aalborg University has Two Satellite Campuses, one in Copenhagen (Aalborg University Copenhagen) and the other in Esbjerg (Aalborg University Esbjerg).\n· He is a member of prestigious IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and IAENG (International Association of Engineers) organizations. \n· He is the chief Editor of the Journal of Software Engineering.\n· He is the member of the Editorial Board of International Journal of Computer Science and Software Technology (IJCSST) and International Journal of Computer Engineering and Information Technology. \n· He is also the Editor of Communication in Computer and Information Science CCIS-20 by Springer.\n· Reviewer For Many Conferences\nHe is the lead person in making collaboration agreements between Aalborg University and many universities of Pakistan, for which the MOU’s (Memorandum of Understanding) have been signed.\nProfessor Akbar is working in Academia since 1990, he started his career as a Lab demonstrator/TA at the University of Sussex. After finishing his P. hD degree in 1992, he served in the Industry as a Scientific Officer and continued his academic career as a visiting scholar for a number of educational institutions. In 1996 he joined National University of Science & Technology Pakistan (NUST) as an Associate Professor; NUST is one of the top few universities in Pakistan. In 1999 he joined an International Company Lineo Inc, Canada as Manager Compiler Group, where he headed the group for developing Compiler Tool Chain and Porting of Operating Systems for the BLACKfin processor. The processor development was a joint venture by Intel and Analog Devices. In 2002 Lineo Inc., was taken over by another company, so he joined Aalborg University Denmark as an Assistant Professor.\nProfessor Akbar has truly a multi-disciplined career and he continued his legacy and making progress in many areas of his interests both in teaching and research. He has contributed in stochastic estimation of control area especially, in the Multiple Target Tracking and Interactive Multiple Model (IMM) research, Ball & Beam Control Problem, Robotics, Levitation Control. He has contributed in developing Algorithms for Fingerprint Matching, Computer Vision and Face Recognition. He has been supervising Pattern Recognition, Formal Languages and Distributed Processing projects for several years. He has reviewed many books on Management, Computer Science. Currently, he is an active and permanent reviewer for many international conferences and symposia and the program committee member for many international conferences.\nIn teaching he has taught the core computer science subjects like, Digital Design, Real Time Embedded System Programming, Operating Systems, Software Engineering, Data Structures, Databases, Compiler Construction. In the Engineering side, Digital Signal Processing, Computer Architecture, Electronics Devices, Digital Filtering and Engineering Management.\nApart from his Academic Interest and activities he loves sport especially, Cricket, Football, Snooker and Squash. He plays cricket for Esbjerg city in the second division team as an opener wicket keeper batsman. He is a very good player of squash but has not played squash since his arrival in Denmark.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"611",title:"Prof.",name:"T",middleName:null,surname:"Nagarajan",slug:"t-nagarajan",fullName:"T Nagarajan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Teknologi Petronas",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:6669},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:5955},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:2458},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:12710},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:1016},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:17715}],offset:12,limit:12,total:134176},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{sort:"dateEndThirdStepPublish",topicId:"7"},books:[{type:"book",id:"11776",title:"Fashion Industry",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"e8d53d1029a7bccf825aa55d43fecc68",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11776.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12133",title:"Agricultural Value Chain",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"19892b77680b500f259ea7a506365cdc",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12133.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12134",title:"Sustainable Tourism",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"bb510c876f827a1df7960a523a4b5db3",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12134.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12138",title:"Online Advertising",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"d1a7aaa841aba83e7199b564c4991cf1",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12138.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12239",title:"Topics on Globalization",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"43443244d8385c57f1424d5d37c91788",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Elsadig Musa Ahmed",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12239.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"268621",title:"Prof.",name:"Elsadig",surname:"Ahmed",slug:"elsadig-ahmed",fullName:"Elsadig Ahmed"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11601",title:"Econometrics - Recent Advances and Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"bc8ab49e2cf436c217a49ca8c12a22eb",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Brian Sloboda",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11601.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"452331",title:"Dr.",name:"Brian",surname:"Sloboda",slug:"brian-sloboda",fullName:"Brian Sloboda"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11477",title:"Public Economics - New Perspectives and Uncertainty",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"a8e6c515dc924146fbd2712eb4e7d118",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Habtamu Alem",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11477.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"414400",title:"Dr.",name:"Habtamu",surname:"Alem",slug:"habtamu-alem",fullName:"Habtamu Alem"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11775",title:"Global Peace and Security",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"131303f07b492463a5c4a7607fe46ba9",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Norman Chivasa",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11775.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"331566",title:"Dr.",name:"Norman",surname:"Chivasa",slug:"norman-chivasa",fullName:"Norman Chivasa"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12141",title:"Leadership - Advancing Great Leadership Practices and Good Leaders",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"85f77453916f1d80d80d88ee4fd2f2d1",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Joseph Crawford",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12141.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"420133",title:"Dr.",name:"Joseph",surname:"Crawford",slug:"joseph-crawford",fullName:"Joseph Crawford"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11774",title:"International Law - A Practical Manual",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"c607e873911da868c0764770dc224313",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Michael Underdown",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11774.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"478218",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael",surname:"Underdown",slug:"michael-underdown",fullName:"Michael Underdown"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12139",title:"Global Market and Trade",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"fa34af07c3a9657fa670404202f8cba5",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr.Ing. Ireneusz Miciuła",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12139.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"243649",title:"Dr.Ing.",name:"Ireneusz",surname:"Miciuła",slug:"ireneusz-miciula",fullName:"Ireneusz Miciuła"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:39},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:13},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:23},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:24},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:16},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:66},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:10},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:16},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:25},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:120},{group:"topic",caption:"Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials",value:17,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:10},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:4}],offset:12,limit:12,total:11},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10858",title:"MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses)",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d32f86793bc72dde32532f509b1ec5b0",slug:"mooc-massive-open-online-courses-",bookSignature:"Dragan Cvetković",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10858.jpg",editors:[{id:"101330",title:"Dr.",name:"Dragan",middleName:"Mladen",surname:"Cvetković",slug:"dragan-cvetkovic",fullName:"Dragan Cvetković"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10195",title:"Serotonin and the CNS",subtitle:"New Developments in Pharmacology and Therapeutics",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7ed9d96da98233a885bd2869a8056c36",slug:"serotonin-and-the-cns-new-developments-in-pharmacology-and-therapeutics",bookSignature:"Berend Olivier",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10195.jpg",editors:[{id:"71579",title:"Prof.",name:"Berend",middleName:null,surname:"Olivier",slug:"berend-olivier",fullName:"Berend Olivier"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10755",title:"Corporate Governance",subtitle:"Recent Advances and Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ffe06d1d5c4bf0fc2e63511825fe1257",slug:"corporate-governance-recent-advances-and-perspectives",bookSignature:"Okechukwu Lawrence Emeagwali and Feyza Bhatti",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10755.jpg",editors:[{id:"196317",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Okechukwu Lawrence",middleName:null,surname:"Emeagwali",slug:"okechukwu-lawrence-emeagwali",fullName:"Okechukwu Lawrence Emeagwali"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11120",title:"Environmental Impact and Remediation of Heavy Metals",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9e77514288e7394f1e6cd13481af3509",slug:"environmental-impact-and-remediation-of-heavy-metals",bookSignature:"Hosam M. Saleh and Amal I. Hassan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11120.jpg",editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam M.",middleName:null,surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-m.-saleh",fullName:"Hosam M. Saleh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10901",title:"Grapes and Wine",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5d7f2aa74874444bc6986e613ccebd7c",slug:"grapes-and-wine",bookSignature:"Antonio Morata, Iris Loira and Carmen González",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10901.jpg",editors:[{id:"180952",title:"Prof.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Morata",slug:"antonio-morata",fullName:"Antonio Morata"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11080",title:"Engineering Principles",subtitle:"Welding and Residual Stresses",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6c07a13a113bce94174b40096f30fb5e",slug:"engineering-principles-welding-and-residual-stresses",bookSignature:"Kavian Omar Cooke and Ronaldo Câmara Cozza",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11080.jpg",editors:[{id:"138778",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavian",middleName:"Omar",surname:"Cooke",slug:"kavian-cooke",fullName:"Kavian Cooke"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11332",title:"Essential Oils",subtitle:"Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"742e6cae3a35686f975edc8d7f9afa94",slug:"essential-oils-advances-in-extractions-and-biological-applications",bookSignature:"Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira and Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",editors:[{id:"195290",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Mozaniel",middleName:null,surname:"Santana De Oliveira",slug:"mozaniel-santana-de-oliveira",fullName:"Mozaniel Santana De Oliveira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11029",title:"Hepatitis B",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"609701f502efc3538c112ff47a2c2119",slug:"hepatitis-b",bookSignature:"Luis Rodrigo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11029.jpg",editors:[{id:"73208",title:"Prof.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Rodrigo",slug:"luis-rodrigo",fullName:"Luis Rodrigo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9537",title:"Human Rights in the Contemporary World",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"54f05b93812fd434f3962956d6413a6b",slug:"human-rights-in-the-contemporary-world",bookSignature:"Trudy Corrigan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9537.jpg",editors:[{id:"197557",title:"Dr.",name:"Trudy",middleName:null,surname:"Corrigan",slug:"trudy-corrigan",fullName:"Trudy Corrigan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11371",title:"Cerebral Circulation",subtitle:"Updates on Models, Diagnostics and Treatments of Related Diseases",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e2d3335445d2852d0b906bb9750e939f",slug:"cerebral-circulation-updates-on-models-diagnostics-and-treatments-of-related-diseases",bookSignature:"Alba Scerrati, Luca Ricciardi and Flavia Dones",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11371.jpg",editors:[{id:"182614",title:"Dr.",name:"Alba",middleName:null,surname:"Scerrati",slug:"alba-scerrati",fullName:"Alba Scerrati"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11012",title:"Radiopharmaceuticals",subtitle:"Current Research for Better Diagnosis and Therapy",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f9046d6f96148b285e776f384991120d",slug:"radiopharmaceuticals-current-research-for-better-diagnosis-and-therapy",bookSignature:"Farid A. Badria",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11012.jpg",editors:[{id:"41865",title:"Prof.",name:"Farid A.",middleName:null,surname:"Badria",slug:"farid-a.-badria",fullName:"Farid A. Badria"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9974",title:"E-Learning and Digital Education in the Twenty-First Century",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"88b58d66e975df20425fc1dfd22d53aa",slug:"e-learning-and-digital-education-in-the-twenty-first-century",bookSignature:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9974.jpg",editors:[{id:"94099",title:"Dr.",name:"M. Mahruf C.",middleName:null,surname:"Shohel",slug:"m.-mahruf-c.-shohel",fullName:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:4430},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10858",title:"MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses)",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d32f86793bc72dde32532f509b1ec5b0",slug:"mooc-massive-open-online-courses-",bookSignature:"Dragan Cvetković",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10858.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:1677,editors:[{id:"101330",title:"Dr.",name:"Dragan",middleName:"Mladen",surname:"Cvetković",slug:"dragan-cvetkovic",fullName:"Dragan Cvetković"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10195",title:"Serotonin and the CNS",subtitle:"New Developments in Pharmacology and Therapeutics",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7ed9d96da98233a885bd2869a8056c36",slug:"serotonin-and-the-cns-new-developments-in-pharmacology-and-therapeutics",bookSignature:"Berend Olivier",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10195.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:1337,editors:[{id:"71579",title:"Prof.",name:"Berend",middleName:null,surname:"Olivier",slug:"berend-olivier",fullName:"Berend Olivier"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10755",title:"Corporate Governance",subtitle:"Recent Advances and Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ffe06d1d5c4bf0fc2e63511825fe1257",slug:"corporate-governance-recent-advances-and-perspectives",bookSignature:"Okechukwu Lawrence Emeagwali and Feyza Bhatti",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10755.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:1309,editors:[{id:"196317",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Okechukwu Lawrence",middleName:null,surname:"Emeagwali",slug:"okechukwu-lawrence-emeagwali",fullName:"Okechukwu Lawrence Emeagwali"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11120",title:"Environmental Impact and Remediation of Heavy Metals",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9e77514288e7394f1e6cd13481af3509",slug:"environmental-impact-and-remediation-of-heavy-metals",bookSignature:"Hosam M. Saleh and Amal I. Hassan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11120.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:847,editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam M.",middleName:null,surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-m.-saleh",fullName:"Hosam M. Saleh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10901",title:"Grapes and Wine",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5d7f2aa74874444bc6986e613ccebd7c",slug:"grapes-and-wine",bookSignature:"Antonio Morata, Iris Loira and Carmen González",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10901.jpg",publishedDate:"June 15th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2273,editors:[{id:"180952",title:"Prof.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Morata",slug:"antonio-morata",fullName:"Antonio Morata"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11080",title:"Engineering Principles",subtitle:"Welding and Residual Stresses",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6c07a13a113bce94174b40096f30fb5e",slug:"engineering-principles-welding-and-residual-stresses",bookSignature:"Kavian Omar Cooke and Ronaldo Câmara Cozza",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11080.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:591,editors:[{id:"138778",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavian",middleName:"Omar",surname:"Cooke",slug:"kavian-cooke",fullName:"Kavian Cooke"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11332",title:"Essential Oils",subtitle:"Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"742e6cae3a35686f975edc8d7f9afa94",slug:"essential-oils-advances-in-extractions-and-biological-applications",bookSignature:"Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira and Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:515,editors:[{id:"195290",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Mozaniel",middleName:null,surname:"Santana De Oliveira",slug:"mozaniel-santana-de-oliveira",fullName:"Mozaniel Santana De Oliveira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11029",title:"Hepatitis B",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"609701f502efc3538c112ff47a2c2119",slug:"hepatitis-b",bookSignature:"Luis Rodrigo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11029.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:413,editors:[{id:"73208",title:"Prof.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Rodrigo",slug:"luis-rodrigo",fullName:"Luis Rodrigo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9537",title:"Human Rights in the Contemporary World",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"54f05b93812fd434f3962956d6413a6b",slug:"human-rights-in-the-contemporary-world",bookSignature:"Trudy Corrigan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9537.jpg",publishedDate:"June 8th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2194,editors:[{id:"197557",title:"Dr.",name:"Trudy",middleName:null,surname:"Corrigan",slug:"trudy-corrigan",fullName:"Trudy Corrigan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11371",title:"Cerebral Circulation",subtitle:"Updates on Models, Diagnostics and Treatments of Related Diseases",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e2d3335445d2852d0b906bb9750e939f",slug:"cerebral-circulation-updates-on-models-diagnostics-and-treatments-of-related-diseases",bookSignature:"Alba Scerrati, Luca Ricciardi and Flavia Dones",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11371.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:341,editors:[{id:"182614",title:"Dr.",name:"Alba",middleName:null,surname:"Scerrati",slug:"alba-scerrati",fullName:"Alba Scerrati"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"11043",title:"Endometriosis",subtitle:"Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Treatments",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7baf1c70b11d41400bb9302ae9411ca4",slug:"endometriosis-recent-advances-new-perspectives-and-treatments",bookSignature:"Giovana Ap. Gonçalves",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11043.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"June 28th 2022",editors:[{id:"185930",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Giovana",middleName:null,surname:"Gonçalves",slug:"giovana-goncalves",fullName:"Giovana Gonçalves"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10536",title:"Campylobacter",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c4b132b741dd0a2ed539b824ab63965f",slug:"campylobacter",bookSignature:"Guillermo Tellez-Isaias and Saeed El-Ashram",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10536.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"June 28th 2022",editors:[{id:"73465",title:"Dr.",name:"Guillermo",middleName:null,surname:"Téllez",slug:"guillermo-tellez",fullName:"Guillermo Téllez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10798",title:"Starch",subtitle:"Evolution and Recent Advances",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f197f6062c1574a9a90e50a369271bcf",slug:"starch-evolution-and-recent-advances",bookSignature:"Martins Ochubiojo Emeje",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10798.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"June 28th 2022",editors:[{id:"94311",title:"Prof.",name:"Martins",middleName:"Ochubiojo",surname:"Ochubiojo Emeje",slug:"martins-ochubiojo-emeje",fullName:"Martins Ochubiojo Emeje"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11083",title:"Hazardous Waste Management",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d553bd4f6f1c4b115ca69bd19faac7dc",slug:"hazardous-waste-management",bookSignature:"Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar, Kavitha Sankarapandian and Yukesh Kannah Ravi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11083.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"June 28th 2022",editors:[{id:"218539",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajesh Banu",middleName:null,surname:"Jeyakumar",slug:"rajesh-banu-jeyakumar",fullName:"Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10848",title:"Tribology of Machine Elements",subtitle:"Fundamentals and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3c4ca4c4692ca8d4fa749b4ae81ec1fa",slug:"tribology-of-machine-elements-fundamentals-and-applications",bookSignature:"Giuseppe Pintaude, Tiago Cousseau and Anna Rudawska",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10848.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"June 28th 2022",editors:[{id:"18347",title:"Prof.",name:"Giuseppe",middleName:null,surname:"Pintaude",slug:"giuseppe-pintaude",fullName:"Giuseppe Pintaude"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10856",title:"Crude Oil",subtitle:"New Technologies and Recent Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8d0a7ca35b3de95b295dc4eab39a087e",slug:"crude-oil-new-technologies-and-recent-approaches",bookSignature:"Manar Elsayed Abdel-Raouf and Mohamed Hasan El-Keshawy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10856.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"June 28th 2022",editors:[{id:"102626",title:"Prof.",name:"Manar",middleName:null,surname:"Elsayed Abdel-Raouf",slug:"manar-elsayed-abdel-raouf",fullName:"Manar Elsayed Abdel-Raouf"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9625",title:"Spinocerebellar Ataxia",subtitle:"Concepts, Particularities and Generalities",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"365a7025fd46eb45de2549bdd9d50b98",slug:"spinocerebellar-ataxia-concepts-particularities-and-generalities",bookSignature:"Patricia Bozzetto Ambrosi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9625.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"June 28th 2022",editors:[{id:"221787",title:"Dr.",name:"Patricia",middleName:null,surname:"Bozzetto Ambrosi",slug:"patricia-bozzetto-ambrosi",fullName:"Patricia Bozzetto Ambrosi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10905",title:"Plant Defense Mechanisms",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"84ad5b27dde5f01dc76087d0fd6fa834",slug:"plant-defense-mechanisms",bookSignature:"Josphert Ngui Kimatu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10905.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"June 28th 2022",editors:[{id:"224171",title:"Prof.",name:"Josphert N.",middleName:null,surname:"Kimatu",slug:"josphert-n.-kimatu",fullName:"Josphert N. Kimatu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10686",title:"Natural Gas",subtitle:"New Perspectives and Future Developments",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"581763788a6a59e653a9d1d9b5a42d79",slug:"natural-gas-new-perspectives-and-future-developments",bookSignature:"Maryam Takht Ravanchi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10686.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"June 28th 2022",editors:[{id:"2416",title:"Dr.",name:"Maryam",middleName:null,surname:"Takht Ravanchi",slug:"maryam-takht-ravanchi",fullName:"Maryam Takht Ravanchi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10988",title:"Railway Transport Planning and Manageme",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5cb54cc53caedad9ec78372563c82e2c",slug:"railway-transport-planning-and-management",bookSignature:"Stefano de Luca, Roberta Di Pace and Chiara Fiori",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10988.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"June 28th 2022",editors:[{id:"271061",title:"Prof.",name:"Stefano",middleName:null,surname:"de Luca",slug:"stefano-de-luca",fullName:"Stefano de Luca"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"472",title:"Operation Management",slug:"business-management-and-economics-quality-management-operation-management",parent:{id:"78",title:"Quality Management",slug:"business-management-and-economics-quality-management"},numberOfBooks:2,numberOfSeries:0,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:66,numberOfWosCitations:74,numberOfCrossrefCitations:66,numberOfDimensionsCitations:105,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicId:"472",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"2164",title:"Total Quality Management and Six Sigma",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"795ec6e73e04689d89e67d0d906dbe83",slug:"total-quality-management-and-six-sigma",bookSignature:"Tauseef Aized",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2164.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"10867",title:"Prof.",name:"Tauseef",middleName:null,surname:"Aized",slug:"tauseef-aized",fullName:"Tauseef Aized"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1803",title:"Quality Assurance and Management",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a3a89048ff15a35054ba91df31f60d51",slug:"quality-assurance-and-management",bookSignature:"Mehmet Savsar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1803.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"10536",title:"Prof.",name:"Mehmet",middleName:null,surname:"Savsar",slug:"mehmet-savsar",fullName:"Mehmet Savsar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:2,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"33265",doi:"10.5772/33922",title:"Implementing Quality Management Systems in Higher Education Institutions",slug:"implementing-quality-management-systems-in-higher-education-institutions",totalDownloads:9907,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:24,abstract:null,book:{id:"1803",slug:"quality-assurance-and-management",title:"Quality Assurance and Management",fullTitle:"Quality Assurance and Management"},signatures:"Maria J. Rosa, Cláudia S. Sarrico and Alberto Amaral",authors:[{id:"97785",title:"Prof.",name:"Alberto",middleName:null,surname:"Amaral",slug:"alberto-amaral",fullName:"Alberto Amaral"}]},{id:"33278",doi:"10.5772/33487",title:"Improving Quality Assurance in Automation Systems Development Projects",slug:"improving-quality-assurance-in-automation-systems-development-projects",totalDownloads:3277,totalCrossrefCites:19,totalDimensionsCites:20,abstract:null,book:{id:"1803",slug:"quality-assurance-and-management",title:"Quality Assurance and Management",fullTitle:"Quality Assurance and Management"},signatures:"Dietmar Winkler and Stefan Biffl",authors:[{id:"95798",title:"Dr.",name:"Dietmar",middleName:null,surname:"Winkler",slug:"dietmar-winkler",fullName:"Dietmar Winkler"},{id:"135962",title:"Prof.",name:"Stefan",middleName:null,surname:"Biffl",slug:"stefan-biffl",fullName:"Stefan Biffl"}]},{id:"38088",doi:"10.5772/46106",title:"Some Applicable Methods to Analyze and Optimize System Processes in Quality Management",slug:"some-applicable-methods-to-analyze-and-optimize-system-processes-in-quality-management",totalDownloads:3125,totalCrossrefCites:11,totalDimensionsCites:13,abstract:null,book:{id:"2164",slug:"total-quality-management-and-six-sigma",title:"Total Quality Management and Six Sigma",fullTitle:"Total Quality Management and Six Sigma"},signatures:"Andrey Kostogryzov, George Nistratov and Andrey Nistratov",authors:[{id:"148322",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrey",middleName:null,surname:"Kostogryzov",slug:"andrey-kostogryzov",fullName:"Andrey Kostogryzov"},{id:"156748",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrey",middleName:null,surname:"Nistratov",slug:"andrey-nistratov",fullName:"Andrey Nistratov"},{id:"156749",title:"Dr.",name:"George",middleName:null,surname:"Nistratov",slug:"george-nistratov",fullName:"George Nistratov"}]},{id:"33264",doi:"10.5772/33776",title:"Challenges for Quality Management in Higher Education - Investigating Institutional Leadership, Culture and Performance",slug:"challenges-for-quality-management-in-higher-education-investigating-leadership-culture-and-performan",totalDownloads:5090,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:9,abstract:null,book:{id:"1803",slug:"quality-assurance-and-management",title:"Quality Assurance and Management",fullTitle:"Quality Assurance and Management"},signatures:"P. Trivellas, P. Ipsilantis, I. Papadopoulos and D. Kantas",authors:[{id:"97009",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Panagiotis",middleName:null,surname:"Trivellas",slug:"panagiotis-trivellas",fullName:"Panagiotis Trivellas"},{id:"97010",title:"Prof.",name:"Pantelis",middleName:null,surname:"Ipsilantis",slug:"pantelis-ipsilantis",fullName:"Pantelis Ipsilantis"},{id:"97011",title:"Prof.",name:"Ioannis",middleName:null,surname:"Papadopoulos",slug:"ioannis-papadopoulos",fullName:"Ioannis Papadopoulos"},{id:"97012",title:"Prof.",name:"Dimitris",middleName:null,surname:"Kantas",slug:"dimitris-kantas",fullName:"Dimitris Kantas"}]},{id:"33273",doi:"10.5772/33081",title:"Critical Success Factors for Quality Assurance in Healthcare Organizations",slug:"critical-success-factors-for-quality-assurance-in-healthcare-organizations",totalDownloads:5512,totalCrossrefCites:6,totalDimensionsCites:6,abstract:null,book:{id:"1803",slug:"quality-assurance-and-management",title:"Quality Assurance and Management",fullTitle:"Quality Assurance and Management"},signatures:"Víctor Reyes-Alcázar, Antonio Torres-Olivera, Diego Núñez-García and Antonio Almuedo-Paz",authors:[{id:"93938",title:"Dr.",name:"Victor",middleName:null,surname:"Reyes-Alcázar",slug:"victor-reyes-alcazar",fullName:"Victor Reyes-Alcázar"},{id:"97412",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Torres-Olivera",slug:"antonio-torres-olivera",fullName:"Antonio Torres-Olivera"},{id:"97456",title:"Dr.",name:"Diego",middleName:null,surname:"Nunez-García",slug:"diego-nunez-garcia",fullName:"Diego Nunez-García"},{id:"97457",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Almuedo-Paz",slug:"antonio-almuedo-paz",fullName:"Antonio Almuedo-Paz"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"33265",title:"Implementing Quality Management Systems in Higher Education Institutions",slug:"implementing-quality-management-systems-in-higher-education-institutions",totalDownloads:9910,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:24,abstract:null,book:{id:"1803",slug:"quality-assurance-and-management",title:"Quality Assurance and Management",fullTitle:"Quality Assurance and Management"},signatures:"Maria J. Rosa, Cláudia S. Sarrico and Alberto Amaral",authors:[{id:"97785",title:"Prof.",name:"Alberto",middleName:null,surname:"Amaral",slug:"alberto-amaral",fullName:"Alberto Amaral"}]},{id:"38085",title:"Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Six Sigma in Service Organizations",slug:"qualitative-and-quantitative-analysis-of-six-sigma-in-service-organizations",totalDownloads:8571,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:3,abstract:null,book:{id:"2164",slug:"total-quality-management-and-six-sigma",title:"Total Quality Management and Six Sigma",fullTitle:"Total Quality Management and Six Sigma"},signatures:"Ayon Chakraborty and Kay Chuan Tan",authors:[{id:"147160",title:"Dr.",name:"Ayon",middleName:null,surname:"Chakraborty",slug:"ayon-chakraborty",fullName:"Ayon Chakraborty"},{id:"148315",title:"Dr.",name:"Kay Chuan",middleName:null,surname:"Tan",slug:"kay-chuan-tan",fullName:"Kay Chuan Tan"}]},{id:"38084",title:"Project Costs and Risks Estimation Regarding Quality Management System Implementation",slug:"project-costs-and-risks-estimation-regarding-quality-management-system-implementation",totalDownloads:4470,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:null,book:{id:"2164",slug:"total-quality-management-and-six-sigma",title:"Total Quality Management and Six Sigma",fullTitle:"Total Quality Management and Six Sigma"},signatures:"Adela-Eliza Dumitrascu and Anisor Nedelcu",authors:[{id:"52709",title:"Prof.",name:"Anisor",middleName:null,surname:"Nedelcu",slug:"anisor-nedelcu",fullName:"Anisor Nedelcu"},{id:"145737",title:"Dr.",name:"Dumitrascu",middleName:null,surname:"Adela-Eliza",slug:"dumitrascu-adela-eliza",fullName:"Dumitrascu Adela-Eliza"}]},{id:"38089",title:"Lean Six Sigma - Making It 'Business as Usual'\"",slug:"lean-six-sigma-making-it-business-as-usual-",totalDownloads:3272,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:null,book:{id:"2164",slug:"total-quality-management-and-six-sigma",title:"Total Quality Management and Six Sigma",fullTitle:"Total Quality Management and Six Sigma"},signatures:"Graham Cartwright and John Oakland",authors:[{id:"151090",title:"Dr.",name:"John",middleName:null,surname:"Oakland",slug:"john-oakland",fullName:"John Oakland"},{id:"153931",title:"Mr.",name:"Graham",middleName:null,surname:"Cartwright",slug:"graham-cartwright",fullName:"Graham Cartwright"}]},{id:"33260",title:"The Development and Changes of Quality Control in Japan",slug:"the-development-and-change-in-quality-control-in-japan",totalDownloads:5507,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:null,book:{id:"1803",slug:"quality-assurance-and-management",title:"Quality Assurance and Management",fullTitle:"Quality Assurance and Management"},signatures:"Kozo Koura",authors:[{id:"87079",title:"Dr.",name:"Kozo",middleName:null,surname:"Koura",slug:"kozo-koura",fullName:"Kozo Koura"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"472",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:0,limit:8,total:null},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:89,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:104,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:32,numberOfPublishedChapters:317,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:12,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:141,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:129,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:113,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:105,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:5,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:15,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}},{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",issn:"2632-0983",scope:"Biochemistry, the study of chemical transformations occurring within living organisms, impacts all areas of life sciences, from molecular crystallography and genetics to ecology, medicine, and population biology. Biochemistry examines macromolecules - proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids – and their building blocks, structures, functions, and interactions. Much of biochemistry is devoted to enzymes, proteins that catalyze chemical reactions, enzyme structures, mechanisms of action and their roles within cells. Biochemistry also studies small signaling molecules, coenzymes, inhibitors, vitamins, and hormones, which play roles in life processes. Biochemical experimentation, besides coopting classical chemistry methods, e.g., chromatography, adopted new techniques, e.g., X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, NMR, radioisotopes, and developed sophisticated microbial genetic tools, e.g., auxotroph mutants and their revertants, fermentation, etc. More recently, biochemistry embraced the ‘big data’ omics systems. Initial biochemical studies have been exclusively analytic: dissecting, purifying, and examining individual components of a biological system; in the apt words of Efraim Racker (1913 –1991), “Don’t waste clean thinking on dirty enzymes.” Today, however, biochemistry is becoming more agglomerative and comprehensive, setting out to integrate and describe entirely particular biological systems. The ‘big data’ metabolomics can define the complement of small molecules, e.g., in a soil or biofilm sample; proteomics can distinguish all the comprising proteins, e.g., serum; metagenomics can identify all the genes in a complex environment, e.g., the bovine rumen. This Biochemistry Series will address the current research on biomolecules and the emerging trends with great promise.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/11.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"June 28th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:32,editor:{id:"31610",title:"Dr.",name:"Miroslav",middleName:null,surname:"Blumenberg",slug:"miroslav-blumenberg",fullName:"Miroslav Blumenberg",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/31610/images/system/31610.jpg",biography:"Miroslav Blumenberg, Ph.D., was born in Subotica and received his BSc in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. He completed his Ph.D. at MIT in Organic Chemistry; he followed up his Ph.D. with two postdoctoral study periods at Stanford University. Since 1983, he has been a faculty member of the RO Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU School of Medicine, where he is codirector of a training grant in cutaneous biology. Dr. Blumenberg’s research is focused on the epidermis, expression of keratin genes, transcription profiling, keratinocyte differentiation, inflammatory diseases and cancers, and most recently the effects of the microbiome on the skin. He has published more than 100 peer-reviewed research articles and graduated numerous Ph.D. and postdoctoral students.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"New York University Langone Medical Center",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:4,paginationItems:[{id:"38",title:"Pollution",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/38.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11966,editor:{id:"110740",title:"Dr.",name:"Ismail M.M.",middleName:null,surname:"Rahman",slug:"ismail-m.m.-rahman",fullName:"Ismail M.M. Rahman",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/110740/images/2319_n.jpg",biography:"Ismail Md. Mofizur Rahman (Ismail M. M. Rahman) assumed his current responsibilities as an Associate Professor at the Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Japan, in Oct 2015. He also has an honorary appointment to serve as a Collaborative Professor at Kanazawa University, Japan, from Mar 2015 to the present. \nFormerly, Dr. Rahman was a faculty member of the University of Chittagong, Bangladesh, affiliated with the Department of Chemistry (Oct 2002 to Mar 2012) and the Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (Mar 2012 to Sep 2015). Dr. Rahman was also adjunctly attached with Kanazawa University, Japan (Visiting Research Professor, Dec 2014 to Mar 2015; JSPS Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Apr 2012 to Mar 2014), and Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan (TokyoTech-UNESCO Research Fellow, Oct 2004–Sep 2005). \nHe received his Ph.D. degree in Environmental Analytical Chemistry from Kanazawa University, Japan (2011). He also achieved a Diploma in Environment from the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan (2005). Besides, he has an M.Sc. degree in Applied Chemistry and a B.Sc. degree in Chemistry, all from the University of Chittagong, Bangladesh. \nDr. Rahman’s research interest includes the study of the fate and behavior of environmental pollutants in the biosphere; design of low energy and low burden environmental improvement (remediation) technology; implementation of sustainable waste management practices for treatment, handling, reuse, and ultimate residual disposition of solid wastes; nature and type of interactions in organic liquid mixtures for process engineering design applications.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Fukushima University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},editorTwo:{id:"201020",title:"Dr.",name:"Zinnat Ara",middleName:null,surname:"Begum",slug:"zinnat-ara-begum",fullName:"Zinnat Ara Begum",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/201020/images/system/201020.jpeg",biography:"Zinnat A. Begum received her Ph.D. in Environmental Analytical Chemistry from Kanazawa University in 2012. She achieved her Master of Science (M.Sc.) degree with a major in Applied Chemistry and a Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Chemistry, all from the University of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Her work affiliations include Fukushima University, Japan (Visiting Research Fellow, Institute of Environmental Radioactivity: Mar 2016 to present), Southern University Bangladesh (Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering: Jan 2015 to present), and Kanazawa University, Japan (Postdoctoral Fellow, Institute of Science and Engineering: Oct 2012 to Mar 2014; Research fellow, Venture Business Laboratory, Advanced Science and Social Co-Creation Promotion Organization: Apr 2018 to Mar 2021). The research focus of Dr. Zinnat includes the effect of the relative stability of metal-chelator complexes in the environmental remediation process designs and the development of eco-friendly soil washing techniques using biodegradable chelators.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Fukushima University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},editorThree:null},{id:"39",title:"Environmental Resilience and Management",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/39.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11967,editor:{id:"137040",title:"Prof.",name:"Jose",middleName:null,surname:"Navarro-Pedreño",slug:"jose-navarro-pedreno",fullName:"Jose Navarro-Pedreño",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRAXrQAO/Profile_Picture_2022-03-09T15:50:19.jpg",biography:"Full professor at University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Spain, previously working at the University of Alicante, Autonomous University of Madrid and Polytechnic University of Valencia. Graduate in Sciences (Chemist), graduate in Geography and History (Geography), master in Water Management, Treatment, master in Fertilizers and Environment and master in Environmental Management; Ph.D. in Environmental Sciences. His research is focused on soil-water and waste-environment relations, mainly on soil-water and soil-waste interactions under different management and waste reuse. His work is reflected in more than 230 communications presented in national and international conferences and congresses, 29 invited lectures from universities, associations and government agencies. Prof. Navarro-Pedreño is also a director of the Ph.D. Program Environment and Sustainability (2012-present) and a member of several societies among which are the Spanish Society of Soil Science, International Union of Soil Sciences, European Society for Soil Conservation, DessertNet and the Spanish Royal Society of Chemistry.",institutionString:"Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Spain",institution:null},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"40",title:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/40.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11968,editor:{id:"209149",title:"Prof.",name:"Salustiano",middleName:null,surname:"Mato",slug:"salustiano-mato",fullName:"Salustiano Mato",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRLREQA4/Profile_Picture_2022-03-31T10:23:50.png",biography:"Salustiano Mato de la Iglesia (Santiago de Compostela, 1960) is a doctor in biology from the University of Santiago and a Professor of zoology at the Department of Ecology and Animal Biology at the University of Vigo. He has developed his research activity in the fields of fauna and soil ecology, and in the treatment of organic waste, having been the founder and principal investigator of the Environmental Biotechnology Group of the University of Vigo.\r\nHis research activity in the field of Environmental Biotechnology has been focused on the development of novel organic waste treatment systems through composting. The result of this line of work are three invention patents and various scientific and technical publications in prestigious international journals.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Vigo",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:{id:"60498",title:"Prof.",name:"Josefina",middleName:null,surname:"Garrido",slug:"josefina-garrido",fullName:"Josefina Garrido",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRj1VQAS/Profile_Picture_2022-03-31T10:06:51.jpg",biography:"Josefina Garrido González (Paradela de Abeleda, Ourense 1959), is a doctor in biology from the University of León and a Professor of Zoology at the Department of Ecology and Animal Biology at the University of Vigo. She has focused her research activity on the taxonomy, fauna and ecology of aquatic beetles, in addition to other lines of research such as the conservation of biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems; conservation of protected areas (Red Natura 2000) and assessment of the effectiveness of wetlands as priority areas for the conservation of aquatic invertebrates; studies of water quality in freshwater ecosystems through biological indicators and physicochemical parameters; surveillance and research of vector arthropods and invasive alien species.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Vigo",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorThree:{id:"464288",title:"Dr.",name:"Francisco",middleName:null,surname:"Ramil",slug:"francisco-ramil",fullName:"Francisco Ramil",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00003RI7lHQAT/Profile_Picture_2022-03-31T10:15:35.png",biography:"Fran Ramil Blanco (Porto de Espasante, A Coruña, 1960), is a doctor in biology from the University of Santiago de Compostela and a Professor of Zoology at the Department of Ecology and Animal Biology at the University of Vigo. His research activity is linked to the taxonomy, fauna and ecology of marine benthic invertebrates and especially the Cnidarian group. Since 2004, he has been part of the EcoAfrik project, aimed at the study, protection and conservation of biodiversity and benthic habitats in West Africa. He also participated in the study of vulnerable marine ecosystems associated with seamounts in the South Atlantic and is involved in training young African researchers in the field of marine research.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Vigo",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}}},{id:"41",title:"Water Science",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/41.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11969,editor:{id:"349630",title:"Dr.",name:"Yizi",middleName:null,surname:"Shang",slug:"yizi-shang",fullName:"Yizi Shang",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/349630/images/system/349630.jpg",biography:"Prof. Dr. Yizi Shang is a pioneering researcher in hydrology and water resources who has devoted his research career to promoting the conservation and protection of water resources for sustainable development. He is presently associate editor of Water International (official journal of the International Water Resources Association). He was also invited to serve as an associate editor for special issues of the Journal of the American Water Resources Association. He has served as an editorial member for international journals such as Hydrology, Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources, and Hydro Science & Marine Engineering, among others. He has chaired or acted as a technical committee member for twenty-five international forums (conferences). Dr. Shang graduated from Tsinghua University, China, in 2010 with a Ph.D. in Engineering. Prior to that, he worked as a research fellow at Harvard University from 2008 to 2009. Dr. Shang serves as a senior research engineer at the China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR) and was awarded as a distinguished researcher at National Taiwan University in 2017.",institutionString:"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research",institution:{name:"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null}]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:19,paginationItems:[{id:"82196",title:"Multi-Features Assisted Age Invariant Face Recognition and Retrieval Using CNN with Scale Invariant Heat Kernel Signature",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104944",signatures:"Kamarajugadda Kishore Kumar and Movva Pavani",slug:"multi-features-assisted-age-invariant-face-recognition-and-retrieval-using-cnn-with-scale-invariant-",totalDownloads:6,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Pattern Recognition - New Insights",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11442.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"82063",title:"Evaluating Similarities and Differences between Machine Learning and Traditional Statistical Modeling in Healthcare Analytics",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105116",signatures:"Michele Bennett, Ewa J. Kleczyk, Karin Hayes and Rajesh Mehta",slug:"evaluating-similarities-and-differences-between-machine-learning-and-traditional-statistical-modelin",totalDownloads:6,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining - Annual Volume 2022",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11422.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"81791",title:"Self-Supervised Contrastive Representation Learning in Computer Vision",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104785",signatures:"Yalin Bastanlar and Semih Orhan",slug:"self-supervised-contrastive-representation-learning-in-computer-vision",totalDownloads:28,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Pattern Recognition - New Insights",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11442.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"79345",title:"Application of Jump Diffusion Models in Insurance Claim Estimation",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99853",signatures:"Leonard Mushunje, Chiedza Elvina Mashiri, Edina Chandiwana and Maxwell Mashasha",slug:"application-of-jump-diffusion-models-in-insurance-claim-estimation-1",totalDownloads:8,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Data Clustering",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10820.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}}]},overviewPagePublishedBooks:{paginationCount:9,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"7723",title:"Artificial Intelligence",subtitle:"Applications in Medicine and Biology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7723.jpg",slug:"artificial-intelligence-applications-in-medicine-and-biology",publishedDate:"July 31st 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Marco Antonio Aceves-Fernandez",hash:"a3852659e727f95c98c740ed98146011",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Artificial Intelligence - Applications in Medicine and Biology",editors:[{id:"24555",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Aceves Fernandez",slug:"marco-antonio-aceves-fernandez",fullName:"Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/24555/images/system/24555.jpg",biography:"Dr. Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez obtained his B.Sc. (Eng.) in Telematics from the Universidad de Colima, Mexico. He obtained both his M.Sc. and Ph.D. from the University of Liverpool, England, in the field of Intelligent Systems. He is a full professor at the Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Mexico, and a member of the National System of Researchers (SNI) since 2009. Dr. Aceves Fernandez has published more than 80 research papers as well as a number of book chapters and congress papers. He has contributed in more than 20 funded research projects, both academic and industrial, in the area of artificial intelligence, ranging from environmental, biomedical, automotive, aviation, consumer, and robotics to other applications. He is also a honorary president at the National Association of Embedded Systems (AMESE), a senior member of the IEEE, and a board member of many institutions. His research interests include intelligent and embedded systems.",institutionString:"Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro",institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Queretaro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7726",title:"Swarm Intelligence",subtitle:"Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7726.jpg",slug:"swarm-intelligence-recent-advances-new-perspectives-and-applications",publishedDate:"December 4th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Javier Del Ser, Esther Villar and Eneko Osaba",hash:"e7ea7e74ce7a7a8e5359629e07c68d31",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Swarm Intelligence - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",editors:[{id:"49813",title:"Dr.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Del Ser",slug:"javier-del-ser",fullName:"Javier Del Ser",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49813/images/system/49813.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Javier Del Ser received his first PhD in Telecommunication Engineering (Cum Laude) from the University of Navarra, Spain, in 2006, and a second PhD in Computational Intelligence (Summa Cum Laude) from the University of Alcala, Spain, in 2013. He is currently a principal researcher in data analytics and optimisation at TECNALIA (Spain), a visiting fellow at the Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM) and a part-time lecturer at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). His research interests gravitate on the use of descriptive, prescriptive and predictive algorithms for data mining and optimization in a diverse range of application fields such as Energy, Transport, Telecommunications, Health and Industry, among others. In these fields he has published more than 240 articles, co-supervised 8 Ph.D. theses, edited 6 books, coauthored 7 patents and participated/led more than 40 research projects. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE, and a recipient of the Biscay Talent prize for his academic career.",institutionString:"Tecnalia Research & Innovation",institution:null}]},{type:"book",id:"7656",title:"Fuzzy Logic",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7656.jpg",slug:"fuzzy-logic",publishedDate:"February 5th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Constantin Volosencu",hash:"54f092d4ffe0abf5e4172a80025019bc",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Fuzzy Logic",editors:[{id:"1063",title:"Prof.",name:"Constantin",middleName:null,surname:"Volosencu",slug:"constantin-volosencu",fullName:"Constantin Volosencu",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/1063/images/system/1063.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Constantin Voloşencu graduated as an engineer from\nPolitehnica University of Timișoara, Romania, where he also\nobtained a doctorate degree. He is currently a full professor in\nthe Department of Automation and Applied Informatics at the\nsame university. Dr. Voloşencu is the author of ten books, seven\nbook chapters, and more than 160 papers published in journals\nand conference proceedings. He has also edited twelve books and\nhas twenty-seven patents to his name. He is a manager of research grants, editor in\nchief and member of international journal editorial boards, a former plenary speaker, a member of scientific committees, and chair at international conferences. His\nresearch is in the fields of control systems, control of electric drives, fuzzy control\nsystems, neural network applications, fault detection and diagnosis, sensor network\napplications, monitoring of distributed parameter systems, and power ultrasound\napplications. He has developed automation equipment for machine tools, spooling\nmachines, high-power ultrasound processes, and more.",institutionString:"Polytechnic University of Timişoara",institution:{name:"Polytechnic University of Timişoara",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"9963",title:"Advances and Applications in Deep Learning",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9963.jpg",slug:"advances-and-applications-in-deep-learning",publishedDate:"December 9th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Marco Antonio Aceves-Fernandez",hash:"0d51ba46f22e55cb89140f60d86a071e",volumeInSeries:4,fullTitle:"Advances and Applications in Deep Learning",editors:[{id:"24555",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Aceves Fernandez",slug:"marco-antonio-aceves-fernandez",fullName:"Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/24555/images/system/24555.jpg",biography:"Dr. Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez obtained his B.Sc. (Eng.) in Telematics from the Universidad de Colima, Mexico. He obtained both his M.Sc. and Ph.D. from the University of Liverpool, England, in the field of Intelligent Systems. He is a full professor at the Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Mexico, and a member of the National System of Researchers (SNI) since 2009. Dr. Aceves Fernandez has published more than 80 research papers as well as a number of book chapters and congress papers. He has contributed in more than 20 funded research projects, both academic and industrial, in the area of artificial intelligence, ranging from environmental, biomedical, automotive, aviation, consumer, and robotics to other applications. He is also a honorary president at the National Association of Embedded Systems (AMESE), a senior member of the IEEE, and a board member of many institutions. His research interests include intelligent and embedded systems.",institutionString:"Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro",institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Queretaro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}}]}]},openForSubmissionBooks:{paginationCount:9,paginationItems:[{id:"11664",title:"Recent Advances in Sensing Technologies for Environmental Control and Monitoring",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11664.jpg",hash:"cf1ee76443e393bc7597723c3ee3e26f",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"May 4th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"24687",title:"Dr.",name:"Toonika",surname:"Rinken",slug:"toonika-rinken",fullName:"Toonika Rinken"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11662",title:"Limnology - The Importance of Monitoring and Correlations of Lentic and Lotic Waters",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11662.jpg",hash:"f1043cf6b1daae7a7b527e1d162ca4a8",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"May 10th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"315689",title:"Dr.",name:"Carmine",surname:"Massarelli",slug:"carmine-massarelli",fullName:"Carmine Massarelli"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11665",title:"Recent Advances in Wildlife Management",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11665.jpg",hash:"73da0df494a1a56ab9c4faf2ee811899",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"May 25th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"75563",title:"Dr.",name:"Farzana Khan",surname:"Perveen",slug:"farzana-khan-perveen",fullName:"Farzana Khan Perveen"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11666",title:"Soil Contamination - Recent Advances and Future Perspectives",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11666.jpg",hash:"c8890038b86fb6e5af16ea3c22669ae9",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"June 9th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"299110",title:"Dr.",name:"Adnan",surname:"Mustafa",slug:"adnan-mustafa",fullName:"Adnan Mustafa"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"10845",title:"Marine Ecosystems - Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services and Human Impacts",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10845.jpg",hash:"727e7eb3d4ba529ec5eb4f150e078523",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"June 22nd 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"320124",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana M.M.",surname:"Gonçalves",slug:"ana-m.m.-goncalves",fullName:"Ana M.M. Gonçalves"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"12222",title:"Advances and Challenges in Microplastics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12222.jpg",hash:"a36734a551e0997d2255f6ce99eff818",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,submissionDeadline:"July 1st 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"347657",title:"Prof.",name:"El-Sayed",surname:"Salama",slug:"el-sayed-salama",fullName:"El-Sayed Salama"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11650",title:"Aquifers - New Insights",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11650.jpg",hash:"27c1a2a053cb1d83de903c5b969bc3a2",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,submissionDeadline:"July 12th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"271093",title:"Dr.",name:"Abhay",surname:"Soni",slug:"abhay-soni",fullName:"Abhay Soni"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"12223",title:"Sustainable Management of Natural Resources",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12223.jpg",hash:"1881a08bbd8f5dc1102c5cb7c635bc35",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,submissionDeadline:"July 19th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"144417",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohd Nazip",surname:"Suratman",slug:"mohd-nazip-suratman",fullName:"Mohd Nazip Suratman"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11668",title:"Mercury Pollution",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11668.jpg",hash:"0bd111f57835089cad4a9741326dbab7",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,submissionDeadline:"July 22nd 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"196849",title:"Dr.",name:"Ahmed",surname:"Abdelhafez",slug:"ahmed-abdelhafez",fullName:"Ahmed Abdelhafez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:35,paginationItems:[{id:"82409",title:"Purinergic Signaling in Covid-19 Disease",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105008",signatures:"Hailian Shen",slug:"purinergic-signaling-in-covid-19-disease",totalDownloads:2,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Purinergic System",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10801.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"82374",title:"The Potential of the Purinergic System as a Therapeutic Target of Natural Compounds in Cutaneous Melanoma",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105457",signatures:"Gilnei Bruno da Silva, Daiane Manica, Marcelo Moreno and Margarete Dulce Bagatini",slug:"the-potential-of-the-purinergic-system-as-a-therapeutic-target-of-natural-compounds-in-cutaneous-mel",totalDownloads:6,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Purinergic System",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10801.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"82103",title:"The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Its Regulation in the Progression of Neurological and Infectious Diseases",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105543",signatures:"Mary Dover, Michael Kishek, Miranda Eddins, Naneeta Desar, Ketema Paul and Milan Fiala",slug:"the-role-of-endoplasmic-reticulum-stress-and-its-regulation-in-the-progression-of-neurological-and-i",totalDownloads:6,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Endoplasmic Reticulum",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11674.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}},{id:"82212",title:"Protein Prenylation and Their Applications",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104700",signatures:"Khemchand R. Surana, Ritesh B. Pawar, Ritesh A. Khairnar and Sunil K. Mahajan",slug:"protein-prenylation-and-their-applications",totalDownloads:9,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Modifications of Biomolecules",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11098.jpg",subseries:null}},{id:"80954",title:"Ion Channels and Neurodegenerative Disease Aging Related",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103074",signatures:"Marika Cordaro, Salvatore Cuzzocrea and Rosanna Di Paola",slug:"ion-channels-and-neurodegenerative-disease-aging-related",totalDownloads:7,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Ion Channels - From Basic Properties to Medical Treatment",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10838.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}},{id:"82096",title:"An Important Component of Tumor Progression: Fatty Acids",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105087",signatures:"Jin Wang, Qifei Wang and Guangzhen Wu",slug:"an-important-component-of-tumor-progression-fatty-acids",totalDownloads:8,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Fatty Acids - Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11669.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"82029",title:"Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties of Novel Benzimidazole Amide Derivatives Bearing Thiophene Moiety",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104908",signatures:"Vinayak Adimule, Pravin Kendrekar and Sheetal Batakurki",slug:"synthesis-characterization-and-antimicrobial-properties-of-novel-benzimidazole-amide-derivatives-bea",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Benzimidazole",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10840.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"81927",title:"Purinergic System in Immune Response",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104485",signatures:"Yerly Magnolia Useche Salvador",slug:"purinergic-system-in-immune-response",totalDownloads:15,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Purinergic System",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10801.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"80495",title:"Iron in Cell Metabolism and Disease",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101908",signatures:"Eeka Prabhakar",slug:"iron-in-cell-metabolism-and-disease",totalDownloads:14,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Iron Metabolism - Iron a Double‐Edged Sword",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10842.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"81799",title:"Cross Talk of Purinergic and Immune Signaling: Implication in Inflammatory and Pathogenic Diseases",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104978",signatures:"Richa Rai",slug:"cross-talk-of-purinergic-and-immune-signaling-implication-in-inflammatory-and-pathogenic-diseases",totalDownloads:37,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Purinergic System",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10801.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}}]},subseriesFiltersForOFChapters:[{caption:"Proteomics",value:18,count:1,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Chemical Biology",value:15,count:5,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Metabolism",value:17,count:13,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Cell and Molecular Biology",value:14,count:14,group:"subseries"}],publishedBooks:{paginationCount:1,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"11392",title:"Leadership in a Changing World",subtitle:"A Multidimensional Perspective",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11392.jpg",slug:"leadership-in-a-changing-world-a-multidimensional-perspective",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Muhammad Mohiuddin, Bilal Khalid, Md. Samim Al Azad and Slimane Ed-dafali",hash:"86a6d33cf601587e591064ce92effc02",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Leadership in a Changing World - A Multidimensional Perspective",editors:[{id:"418514",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Mohiuddin",slug:"muhammad-mohiuddin",fullName:"Muhammad Mohiuddin",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000038UqSfQAK/Profile_Picture_2022-05-13T10:39:03.jpg",institutionString:"Université Laval",institution:{name:"Université Laval",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Canada"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},subseriesFiltersForPublishedBooks:[{group:"subseries",caption:"Business and Management",value:86,count:1}],publicationYearFilters:[{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2022",value:2022,count:1}],authors:{paginationCount:25,paginationItems:[{id:"429683",title:"Dr.",name:"Bilal",middleName:null,surname:"Khalid",slug:"bilal-khalid",fullName:"Bilal Khalid",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/429683/images/system/429683.png",biography:"Dr. Bilal Khalid received a Ph.D. in Industrial Business Administration from KMITL Business School, Bangkok, in 2021, and a master’s in International Business Management from Stamford International University, Bangkok, in 2017. Dr. Khalid\\'s research interests include leadership and negotiations, digital transformations, gamification, eLearning, blockchain, Big Data, and management of information technology. Dr. Bilal Khalid also serves as an academic editor at Education Research International and a reviewer for international journals.",institutionString:"KMITL Business School",institution:{name:"King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang",country:{name:"Thailand"}}},{id:"418514",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Mohiuddin",slug:"muhammad-mohiuddin",fullName:"Muhammad Mohiuddin",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000038UqSfQAK/Profile_Picture_2022-05-13T10:39:03.jpg",biography:"Dr. Muhammad Mohiuddin is an Associate Professor of International Business at Laval University, Canada. He has taught at Thompson Rivers University, Canada; University of Paris-Est, France; Osnabruck University of Applied Science, Germany; and Shanghai Institute of Technology and Tianjin University of Technology, China. He has published research in Research Policy, Applied Economics, Review of Economic Philosophy, Strategic Change, International Journal of Logistics, Sustainability, Journal of Environmental Management, Journal of Global Information Management, Journal of Cleaner Production, M@N@GEMENT, and more. He is a member of CEDIMES Institut (France), Academy of International Business (AIB), Strategic Management Society (SMS), Academy of Management (AOM), Administrative Science Association of Canada (ASAC), and Canadian council of small business and entrepreneurship (CCSBE). He is currently the director of the Research Group on Contemporary Asia (GERAC) at Laval University. He is also co-managing editor of Transnational Corporations Review and a guest editor for Electronic Commerce Research and Journal of Internet Technology.",institutionString:"Université Laval",institution:{name:"Université Laval",country:{name:"Canada"}}},{id:"189147",title:"Dr.",name:"Hailan",middleName:null,surname:"Salamun",slug:"hailan-salamun",fullName:"Hailan Salamun",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/189147/images/19274_n.jpeg",biography:"Hailan Salamun, (Dr.) was born in Selangor, Malaysia and graduated from Tunku Ampuan Jamaah Religious High School at Shah Alam. Obtained a degree from the International Islamic University (UIA), Gombak in the field of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage. Next, I furthered my studies to the professional level to obtain a Diploma in Education at UIA. After serving for several years in school, I furthered my studies to the Master of Dakwah and Leadership at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi. I graduated with a Doctor of Philosophy in Principalship Leadership from the University of Malaya (UM) in 2010. I am currently a senior lecturer in the Department of Nationalism and Civilization, Center for Basic and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu. Prior to that, I had served in several educational institutions such as schools, the Institute of Teacher Education (IPG), and also the University of Malaya. I am also actively involved in paper presentation, writing and publishing. My research interests are focused on leadership, education, society and Islamic civilization. This area of research requires a detailed understanding of Islamic studies and research studies in leadership. Another research interest that I have explored recently is the politics of the Malay community and also the leadership of the mosque.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Malaysia Terengganu",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"442081",title:"Dr.",name:"Audrey",middleName:null,surname:"Addy",slug:"audrey-addy",fullName:"Audrey Addy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology",country:{name:"Ghana"}}},{id:"437993",title:"Mr.",name:"Job",middleName:null,surname:"Jackson",slug:"job-jackson",fullName:"Job Jackson",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Management College of Southern Africa",country:{name:"South Africa"}}},{id:"428495",title:"Prof.",name:"Asyraf",middleName:null,surname:"Ab Rahman",slug:"asyraf-ab-rahman",fullName:"Asyraf Ab Rahman",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Malaysia Terengganu",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"429650",title:"Dr.",name:"Jacqueline",middleName:null,surname:"Kareem",slug:"jacqueline-kareem",fullName:"Jacqueline Kareem",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Christ University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"421041",title:"Dr.",name:"Sunil",middleName:null,surname:"Kumar Ramdas",slug:"sunil-kumar-ramdas",fullName:"Sunil Kumar Ramdas",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Jain University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"421833",title:"Mr.",name:"Eugene",middleName:null,surname:"Owusu-Acheampong",slug:"eugene-owusu-acheampong",fullName:"Eugene Owusu-Acheampong",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Ghana",country:{name:"Ghana"}}},{id:"239876",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Luciana",middleName:null,surname:"Mourão",slug:"luciana-mourao",fullName:"Luciana Mourão",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Salgado de Oliveira",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"421735",title:"Dr.",name:"elizabeth",middleName:null,surname:"addy",slug:"elizabeth-addy",fullName:"elizabeth addy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"442083",title:"Dr.",name:"James",middleName:null,surname:"Addy",slug:"james-addy",fullName:"James Addy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"437991",title:"Prof.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Hoque",slug:"muhammad-hoque",fullName:"Muhammad Hoque",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421006",title:"Dr.",name:"Anna",middleName:null,surname:"Uster",slug:"anna-uster",fullName:"Anna Uster",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"470243",title:"Dr.",name:"Md Samim",middleName:null,surname:"Al Azad",slug:"md-samim-al-azad",fullName:"Md Samim Al Azad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"470244",title:"Dr.",name:"Slimane",middleName:null,surname:"Ed-dafali",slug:"slimane-ed-dafali",fullName:"Slimane Ed-dafali",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421011",title:"Dr.",name:"Afatakpa",middleName:null,surname:"Fortune",slug:"afatakpa-fortune",fullName:"Afatakpa Fortune",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"446057",title:"Mr.",name:"Okedare",middleName:null,surname:"David Olubukunmi",slug:"okedare-david-olubukunmi",fullName:"Okedare David Olubukunmi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421778",title:"Dr.",name:"Fatimah",middleName:"Saeed",surname:"AlAhmari",slug:"fatimah-alahmari",fullName:"Fatimah AlAhmari",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421024",title:"Prof.",name:"Harold Andrew",middleName:null,surname:"Patrick",slug:"harold-andrew-patrick",fullName:"Harold Andrew Patrick",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421065",title:"Ms.",name:"Euzália",middleName:null,surname:"do Rosário Botelho Tomé",slug:"euzalia-do-rosario-botelho-tome",fullName:"Euzália do Rosário Botelho Tomé",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421053",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Ken",middleName:null,surname:"Kalala Ndalamba",slug:"ken-kalala-ndalamba",fullName:"Ken Kalala Ndalamba",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421826",title:"Dr.",name:"Inusah",middleName:null,surname:"Salifu",slug:"inusah-salifu",fullName:"Inusah Salifu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"420823",title:"Prof.",name:"Gardênia da Silva",middleName:null,surname:"Abbad",slug:"gardenia-da-silva-abbad",fullName:"Gardênia da Silva Abbad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"437613",title:"MSc.",name:"Juliana",middleName:null,surname:"Legentil",slug:"juliana-legentil",fullName:"Juliana Legentil",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"10",type:"subseries",title:"Animal Physiology",keywords:"Physiology, Comparative, Evolution, Biomolecules, Organ, Homeostasis, Anatomy, Pathology, Medical, Cell Division, Cell Signaling, Cell Growth, Cell Metabolism, Endocrine, Neuroscience, Cardiovascular, Development, Aging, Development",scope:"Physiology, the scientific study of functions and mechanisms of living systems, is an essential area of research in its own right, but also in relation to medicine and health sciences. The scope of this topic will range from molecular, biochemical, cellular, and physiological processes in all animal species. Work pertaining to the whole organism, organ systems, individual organs and tissues, cells, and biomolecules will be included. Medical, animal, cell, and comparative physiology and allied fields such as anatomy, histology, and pathology with physiology links will be covered in this topic. Physiology research may be linked to development, aging, environment, regular and pathological processes, adaptation and evolution, exercise, or several other factors affecting, or involved with, animal physiology.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/10.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!1,hasPublishedBooks:!1,annualVolume:11406,editor:{id:"202192",title:"Dr.",name:"Catrin",middleName:null,surname:"Rutland",slug:"catrin-rutland",fullName:"Catrin Rutland",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",biography:"Catrin Rutland is an Associate Professor of Anatomy and Developmental Genetics at the University of Nottingham, UK. She obtained a BSc from the University of Derby, England, a master’s degree from Technische Universität München, Germany, and a Ph.D. from the University of Nottingham. She undertook a post-doctoral research fellowship in the School of Medicine before accepting tenure in Veterinary Medicine and Science. Dr. Rutland also obtained an MMedSci (Medical Education) and a Postgraduate Certificate in Higher Education (PGCHE). She is the author of more than sixty peer-reviewed journal articles, twelve books/book chapters, and more than 100 research abstracts in cardiovascular biology and oncology. She is a board member of the European Association of Veterinary Anatomists, Fellow of the Anatomical Society, and Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy. Dr. Rutland has also written popular science books for the public. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2009-4898. www.nottingham.ac.uk/vet/people/catrin.rutland",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Nottingham",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,series:{id:"10",title:"Physiology",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",issn:"2631-8261"},editorialBoard:[{id:"306970",title:"Mr.",name:"Amin",middleName:null,surname:"Tamadon",slug:"amin-tamadon",fullName:"Amin Tamadon",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002oHR5wQAG/Profile_Picture_1623910304139",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Bushehr University of Medical Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Iran"}}},{id:"251314",title:"Dr.",name:"Juan Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Gardón",slug:"juan-carlos-gardon",fullName:"Juan Carlos Gardón",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/251314/images/system/251314.jpeg",institutionString:"Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Spain",institution:null},{id:"245306",title:"Dr.",name:"María Luz",middleName:null,surname:"Garcia Pardo",slug:"maria-luz-garcia-pardo",fullName:"María Luz Garcia Pardo",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/245306/images/system/245306.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Miguel Hernandez University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"283315",title:"Prof.",name:"Samir",middleName:null,surname:"El-Gendy",slug:"samir-el-gendy",fullName:"Samir El-Gendy",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRduYQAS/Profile_Picture_1606215849748",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Alexandria University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:1,paginationItems:[{id:"81321",title:"Velocity Planning via Model-Based Reinforcement Learning: Demonstrating Results on PILCO for One-Dimensional Linear Motion with Bounded Acceleration",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103690",signatures:"Hsuan-Cheng Liao, Han-Jung Chou and Jing-Sin Liu",slug:"velocity-planning-via-model-based-reinforcement-learning-demonstrating-results-on-pilco-for-one-dime",totalDownloads:3,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Applied Intelligence - Annual Volume 2022",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11418.jpg",subseries:{id:"22",title:"Applied Intelligence"}}}]},publishedBooks:{paginationCount:8,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"7999",title:"Free Radical Medicine and Biology",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7999.jpg",slug:"free-radical-medicine-and-biology",publishedDate:"July 15th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Kusal Das, Swastika Das, Mallanagouda Shivanagouda Biradar, Varaprasad Bobbarala and S. Subba Tata",hash:"083e5d427097d368a3f8a02bd6c76bf8",volumeInSeries:10,fullTitle:"Free Radical Medicine and Biology",editors:[{id:"187859",title:"Prof.",name:"Kusal",middleName:"K.",surname:"Das",slug:"kusal-das",fullName:"Kusal Das",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSBDeQAO/Profile_Picture_1623411145568",institutionString:"BLDE (Deemed to be University), India",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8762",title:"Melatonin",subtitle:"The Hormone of Darkness and its Therapeutic Potential and Perspectives",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8762.jpg",slug:"melatonin-the-hormone-of-darkness-and-its-therapeutic-potential-and-perspectives",publishedDate:"June 24th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Marilena Vlachou",hash:"bfbc5538173f11acb0f9549a85b70489",volumeInSeries:9,fullTitle:"Melatonin - The Hormone of Darkness and its Therapeutic Potential and Perspectives",editors:[{id:"246279",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Marilena",middleName:null,surname:"Vlachou",slug:"marilena-vlachou",fullName:"Marilena Vlachou",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/246279/images/system/246279.jpg",institutionString:"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens",institution:{name:"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Greece"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8002",title:"Tumor Progression and Metastasis",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8002.jpg",slug:"tumor-progression-and-metastasis",publishedDate:"April 8th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Ahmed Lasfar and Karine Cohen-Solal",hash:"db17b0fe0a9b6e80ff02b81a93bafa4e",volumeInSeries:8,fullTitle:"Tumor Progression and Metastasis",editors:[{id:"32546",title:"Dr.",name:"Ahmed",middleName:null,surname:"Lasfar",slug:"ahmed-lasfar",fullName:"Ahmed Lasfar",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/32546/images/system/32546.png",institutionString:"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey",institution:{name:"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"6897",title:"Biophysical Chemistry",subtitle:"Advance Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6897.jpg",slug:"biophysical-chemistry-advance-applications",publishedDate:"February 19th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Mohammed A. A. Khalid",hash:"0ad18ab382e2ffb9ff202d15282297eb",volumeInSeries:7,fullTitle:"Biophysical Chemistry - Advance Applications",editors:[{id:"137240",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:null,surname:"Khalid",slug:"mohammed-khalid",fullName:"Mohammed Khalid",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/137240/images/system/137240.png",institutionString:"Taif University",institution:{name:"Taif University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8008",title:"Antioxidants",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8008.jpg",slug:"antioxidants",publishedDate:"November 6th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Emad Shalaby",hash:"76361b4061e830906267933c1c670027",volumeInSeries:5,fullTitle:"Antioxidants",editors:[{id:"63600",title:"Prof.",name:"Emad",middleName:null,surname:"Shalaby",slug:"emad-shalaby",fullName:"Emad Shalaby",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/63600/images/system/63600.png",institutionString:"Cairo University",institution:{name:"Cairo University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"6924",title:"Adenosine Triphosphate in Health and Disease",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6924.jpg",slug:"adenosine-triphosphate-in-health-and-disease",publishedDate:"April 24th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Gyula Mozsik",hash:"04106c232a3c68fec07ba7cf00d2522d",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Adenosine Triphosphate in Health and Disease",editors:[{id:"58390",title:"Dr.",name:"Gyula",middleName:null,surname:"Mozsik",slug:"gyula-mozsik",fullName:"Gyula Mozsik",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/58390/images/system/58390.png",institutionString:"University of Pécs",institution:{name:"University of Pecs",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Hungary"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"6925",title:"Endoplasmic Reticulum",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6925.jpg",slug:"endoplasmic-reticulum",publishedDate:"April 17th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Angel Català",hash:"a9e90d2dbdbc46128dfe7dac9f87c6b4",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Endoplasmic Reticulum",editors:[{id:"196544",title:"Prof.",name:"Angel",middleName:null,surname:"Catala",slug:"angel-catala",fullName:"Angel Catala",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/196544/images/system/196544.jpg",institutionString:"Universidad Nacional de La Plata",institution:{name:"National University of La Plata",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Argentina"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7264",title:"Calcium and Signal Transduction",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7264.jpg",slug:"calcium-and-signal-transduction",publishedDate:"October 24th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"John N. Buchholz and Erik J. Behringer",hash:"e373a3d1123dbd45fddf75d90e3e7c38",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Calcium and Signal Transduction",editors:[{id:"89438",title:"Dr.",name:"John N.",middleName:null,surname:"Buchholz",slug:"john-n.-buchholz",fullName:"John N. Buchholz",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/89438/images/6463_n.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Loma Linda University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},testimonialsList:[{id:"18",text:"It was great publishing with IntechOpen, the process was straightforward and I had support all along.",author:{id:"71579",name:"Berend",surname:"Olivier",institutionString:"Utrecht University",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/71579/images/system/71579.png",slug:"berend-olivier",institution:{id:"253",name:"Utrecht University",country:{id:null,name:"Netherlands"}}}},{id:"8",text:"I work with IntechOpen for a number of reasons: their professionalism, their mission in support of Open Access publishing, and the quality of their peer-reviewed publications, but also because they believe in equality.",author:{id:"202192",name:"Catrin",surname:"Rutland",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",slug:"catrin-rutland",institution:{id:"134",name:"University of Nottingham",country:{id:null,name:"United Kingdom"}}}},{id:"27",text:"The opportunity to work with a prestigious publisher allows for the possibility to collaborate with more research groups interested in animal nutrition, leading to the development of new feeding strategies and food valuation while being more sustainable with the environment, allowing more readers to learn about the subject.",author:{id:"175967",name:"Manuel",surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",institution:{id:"6221",name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",country:{id:null,name:"Mexico"}}}}]},submityourwork:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:89,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:104,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:32,numberOfPublishedChapters:317,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:12,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:141,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:129,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:113,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:105,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:5,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:15,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],subseriesList:[],annualVolumeBook:{},thematicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"12222",title:"Advances and Challenges in Microplastics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"a36734a551e0997d2255f6ce99eff818",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. El-Sayed Salama",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12222.jpg",editedByType:null,submissionDeadline:"July 1st 2022",editors:[{id:"347657",title:"Prof.",name:"El-Sayed",middleName:null,surname:"Salama",slug:"el-sayed-salama",fullName:"El-Sayed Salama",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/347657/images/system/347657.png",biography:"El-Sayed Salama is a professor in the Public Health School,\nLanzhou University, China. He is also a director of the Green Environmental & Energy Laboratory (GEEL) and a distinguished\nexpert of science and technology in the ecological industry, Gansu Province. His GEEL research work focuses on bioenvironmental science and bioenergy. He has several journal publications to\nhis credit.",institutionString:"Lanzhou University, Gansu Academy of Membrane Science and Technology",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Lanzhou University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"11668",title:"Mercury Pollution",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"0bd111f57835089cad4a9741326dbab7",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Ahmed Abdelhafez and Dr. Mohamed Abbas",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11668.jpg",editedByType:null,submissionDeadline:"July 22nd 2022",editors:[{id:"196849",title:"Dr.",name:"Ahmed",middleName:null,surname:"Abdelhafez",slug:"ahmed-abdelhafez",fullName:"Ahmed Abdelhafez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/196849/images/system/196849.jpg",biography:"Ahmed A. Abdelhafez, PhD, is an associate professor of the Department of Soils and Water Science, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University. He is one of the leading scientists in the field of biochar in the Arab region. He worked as a researcher at the Department of Environmental Researches, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt, for more than 10 years. Dr. Abdelhafez focuses mainly on agricultural production, environmental contamination control, risk assessment and biochar technology. He is a member of the National Committee of Soil Sciences and the Academy of Scientific Research & Technology, Egypt. He has published several research papers related to environmental contamination, risk assessment and potential remediation technologies.",institutionString:"New Valley University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"11666",title:"Soil Contamination - Recent Advances and Future Perspectives",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"c8890038b86fb6e5af16ea3c22669ae9",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Adnan Mustafa and Dr. Muhammad Naveed",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11666.jpg",editedByType:null,submissionDeadline:"June 9th 2022",editors:[{id:"299110",title:"Dr.",name:"Adnan",middleName:null,surname:"Mustafa",slug:"adnan-mustafa",fullName:"Adnan Mustafa",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/299110/images/system/299110.jpg",biography:"Adnan has completed his Ph.D in Soil Science from Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.\nHe is currently working as an Assistant Professor at Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic. He is simultaneously working as a Researcher with Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition (FA), Mendel University Brno and Institute of Environmental Studies, Charles University Prague, Czechia. \nHis research is focused on soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation mechanisms, plant-microbe interactions, biochar production, and utilization for agricultural crop production and environmental remediation. He is actively involved in bioremediation of contaminated soils using organic and inorganic amendments in addition to exploiting plant-microbe interactions. He has published over 50 refereed journal articles, many of which sought to explore the effectiveness of innovative soil amendments and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for improving crop performance and soil resilience under various abiotic stresses. He has been working for several renowned academic societies and enjoys early career in research.",institutionString:"Brno University of Technology",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Brno University of Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Czech Republic"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}],selectedSeries:null,selectedSubseries:null},seriesLanding:{item:{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",issn:"2632-0983",scope:"Biochemistry, the study of chemical transformations occurring within living organisms, impacts all areas of life sciences, from molecular crystallography and genetics to ecology, medicine, and population biology. Biochemistry examines macromolecules - proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids – and their building blocks, structures, functions, and interactions. Much of biochemistry is devoted to enzymes, proteins that catalyze chemical reactions, enzyme structures, mechanisms of action and their roles within cells. Biochemistry also studies small signaling molecules, coenzymes, inhibitors, vitamins, and hormones, which play roles in life processes. Biochemical experimentation, besides coopting classical chemistry methods, e.g., chromatography, adopted new techniques, e.g., X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, NMR, radioisotopes, and developed sophisticated microbial genetic tools, e.g., auxotroph mutants and their revertants, fermentation, etc. More recently, biochemistry embraced the ‘big data’ omics systems. Initial biochemical studies have been exclusively analytic: dissecting, purifying, and examining individual components of a biological system; in the apt words of Efraim Racker (1913 –1991), “Don’t waste clean thinking on dirty enzymes.” Today, however, biochemistry is becoming more agglomerative and comprehensive, setting out to integrate and describe entirely particular biological systems. The ‘big data’ metabolomics can define the complement of small molecules, e.g., in a soil or biofilm sample; proteomics can distinguish all the comprising proteins, e.g., serum; metagenomics can identify all the genes in a complex environment, e.g., the bovine rumen. This Biochemistry Series will address the current research on biomolecules and the emerging trends with great promise.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/11.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"June 28th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfPublishedChapters:317,numberOfPublishedBooks:32,editor:{id:"31610",title:"Dr.",name:"Miroslav",middleName:null,surname:"Blumenberg",fullName:"Miroslav Blumenberg",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/31610/images/system/31610.jpg",biography:"Miroslav Blumenberg, Ph.D., was born in Subotica and received his BSc in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. He completed his Ph.D. at MIT in Organic Chemistry; he followed up his Ph.D. with two postdoctoral study periods at Stanford University. Since 1983, he has been a faculty member of the RO Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU School of Medicine, where he is codirector of a training grant in cutaneous biology. Dr. Blumenberg’s research is focused on the epidermis, expression of keratin genes, transcription profiling, keratinocyte differentiation, inflammatory diseases and cancers, and most recently the effects of the microbiome on the skin. He has published more than 100 peer-reviewed research articles and graduated numerous Ph.D. and postdoctoral students.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"New York University Langone Medical Center",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},subseries:[{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology",keywords:"Omics (Transcriptomics; Proteomics; Metabolomics), Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, Signal Transduction and Regulation, Cell Growth and Differentiation, Apoptosis, Necroptosis, Ferroptosis, Autophagy, Cell Cycle, Macromolecules and Complexes, Gene Expression",scope:"The Cell and Molecular Biology topic within the IntechOpen Biochemistry Series aims to rapidly publish contributions on all aspects of cell and molecular biology, including aspects related to biochemical and genetic research (not only in humans but all living beings). We encourage the submission of manuscripts that provide novel and mechanistic insights that report significant advances in the fields. Topics include, but are not limited to: Advanced techniques of cellular and molecular biology (Molecular methodologies, imaging techniques, and bioinformatics); Biological activities at the molecular level; Biological processes of cell functions, cell division, senescence, maintenance, and cell death; Biomolecules interactions; Cancer; Cell biology; Chemical biology; Computational biology; Cytochemistry; Developmental biology; Disease mechanisms and therapeutics; DNA, and RNA metabolism; Gene functions, genetics, and genomics; Genetics; Immunology; Medical microbiology; Molecular biology; Molecular genetics; Molecular processes of cell and organelle dynamics; Neuroscience; Protein biosynthesis, degradation, and functions; Regulation of molecular interactions in a cell; Signalling networks and system biology; Structural biology; Virology and microbiology.",annualVolume:11410,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/14.jpg",editor:{id:"165627",title:"Dr.",name:"Rosa María",middleName:null,surname:"Martínez-Espinosa",fullName:"Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/165627/images/system/165627.jpeg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Alicante",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"79367",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana Isabel",middleName:null,surname:"Flores",fullName:"Ana Isabel Flores",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRpIOQA0/Profile_Picture_1632418099564",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Hospital Universitario 12 De Octubre",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"328234",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Palavecino",fullName:"Christian Palavecino",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000030DhEhQAK/Profile_Picture_1628835318625",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Central University of Chile",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Chile"}}},{id:"186585",title:"Dr.",name:"Francisco Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Martin-Romero",fullName:"Francisco Javier Martin-Romero",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSB3HQAW/Profile_Picture_1631258137641",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Extremadura",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}}]},{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology",keywords:"Phenolic Compounds, Essential Oils, Modification of Biomolecules, Glycobiology, Combinatorial Chemistry, Therapeutic peptides, Enzyme Inhibitors",scope:"Chemical biology spans the fields of chemistry and biology involving the application of biological and chemical molecules and techniques. In recent years, the application of chemistry to biological molecules has gained significant interest in medicinal and pharmacological studies. This topic will be devoted to understanding the interplay between biomolecules and chemical compounds, their structure and function, and their potential applications in related fields. Being a part of the biochemistry discipline, the ideas and concepts that have emerged from Chemical Biology have affected other related areas. This topic will closely deal with all emerging trends in this discipline.",annualVolume:11411,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/15.jpg",editor:{id:"441442",title:"Dr.",name:"Şükrü",middleName:null,surname:"Beydemir",fullName:"Şükrü Beydemir",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00003GsUoIQAV/Profile_Picture_1634557147521",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Anadolu University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}},editorTwo:{id:"13652",title:"Prof.",name:"Deniz",middleName:null,surname:"Ekinci",fullName:"Deniz Ekinci",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYLT1QAO/Profile_Picture_1634557223079",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ondokuz Mayıs University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}},editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"241413",title:"Dr.",name:"Azhar",middleName:null,surname:"Rasul",fullName:"Azhar Rasul",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRT1oQAG/Profile_Picture_1635251978933",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Government College University, Faisalabad",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Pakistan"}}},{id:"178316",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sergey",middleName:null,surname:"Sedykh",fullName:"Sergey Sedykh",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/178316/images/system/178316.jfif",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Novosibirsk State University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Russia"}}}]},{id:"17",title:"Metabolism",keywords:"Biomolecules Metabolism, Energy Metabolism, Metabolic Pathways, Key Metabolic Enzymes, Metabolic Adaptation",scope:"Metabolism is frequently defined in biochemistry textbooks as the overall process that allows living systems to acquire and use the free energy they need for their vital functions or the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life. Behind these definitions are hidden all the aspects of normal and pathological functioning of all processes that the topic ‘Metabolism’ will cover within the Biochemistry Series. Thus all studies on metabolism will be considered for publication.",annualVolume:11413,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/17.jpg",editor:{id:"138626",title:"Dr.",name:"Yannis",middleName:null,surname:"Karamanos",fullName:"Yannis Karamanos",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002g6Jv2QAE/Profile_Picture_1629356660984",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Artois University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"France"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"243049",title:"Dr.",name:"Anca",middleName:null,surname:"Pantea Stoian",fullName:"Anca Pantea Stoian",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/243049/images/system/243049.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"203824",title:"Dr.",name:"Attilio",middleName:null,surname:"Rigotti",fullName:"Attilio Rigotti",profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Pontifical Catholic University of Chile",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Chile"}}},{id:"300470",title:"Dr.",name:"Yanfei (Jacob)",middleName:null,surname:"Qi",fullName:"Yanfei (Jacob) Qi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/300470/images/system/300470.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Australia"}}}]},{id:"18",title:"Proteomics",keywords:"Mono- and Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (1-and 2-DE), Liquid Chromatography (LC), Mass Spectrometry/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS; MS/MS), Proteins",scope:"With the recognition that the human genome cannot provide answers to the etiology of a disorder, changes in the proteins expressed by a genome became a focus in research. Thus proteomics, an area of research that detects all protein forms expressed in an organism, including splice isoforms and post-translational modifications, is more suitable than genomics for a comprehensive understanding of the biochemical processes that govern life. The most common proteomics applications are currently in the clinical field for the identification, in a variety of biological matrices, of biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of disorders. From the comparison of proteomic profiles of control and disease or different physiological states, which may emerge, changes in protein expression can provide new insights into the roles played by some proteins in human pathologies. Understanding how proteins function and interact with each other is another goal of proteomics that makes this approach even more intriguing. Specialized technology and expertise are required to assess the proteome of any biological sample. Currently, proteomics relies mainly on mass spectrometry (MS) combined with electrophoretic (1 or 2-DE-MS) and/or chromatographic techniques (LC-MS/MS). MS is an excellent tool that has gained popularity in proteomics because of its ability to gather a complex body of information such as cataloging protein expression, identifying protein modification sites, and defining protein interactions. The Proteomics topic aims to attract contributions on all aspects of MS-based proteomics that, by pushing the boundaries of MS capabilities, may address biological problems that have not been resolved yet.",annualVolume:11414,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/18.jpg",editor:{id:"200689",title:"Prof.",name:"Paolo",middleName:null,surname:"Iadarola",fullName:"Paolo Iadarola",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSCl8QAG/Profile_Picture_1623568118342",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Pavia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},editorTwo:{id:"201414",title:"Dr.",name:"Simona",middleName:null,surname:"Viglio",fullName:"Simona Viglio",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRKDHQA4/Profile_Picture_1630402531487",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Pavia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"72288",title:"Dr.",name:"Arli Aditya",middleName:null,surname:"Parikesit",fullName:"Arli Aditya Parikesit",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/72288/images/system/72288.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Indonesia"}}},{id:"40928",title:"Dr.",name:"Cesar",middleName:null,surname:"Lopez-Camarillo",fullName:"Cesar Lopez-Camarillo",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/40928/images/3884_n.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"81926",title:"Dr.",name:"Shymaa",middleName:null,surname:"Enany",fullName:"Shymaa Enany",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/81926/images/system/81926.png",institutionString:"Suez Canal University",institution:{name:"Suez Canal University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}]}]}},libraryRecommendation:{success:null,errors:{},institutions:[]},route:{name:"profile.detail",path:"/profiles/65954",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"65954"},fullPath:"/profiles/65954",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()