Michael L. Smith

Smart Formulations, Inc. (retired)

Dr. Michael Smith has decades of experience in computerised data analysis and has co-authored many articles on novel ideas in cosmology and fundamental physics. He recently developed a more general version of the Einstein field equation. He has analysed many variations of Λ cosmology using the FLRW model using supernovae Ia, II and gamma-ray burst data. In addition, he co-authored one of the first articles on polytropic cosmology published by IntechOpen. He is currently interested in the real meanings of the spacetime parameters, K and Ωk, of the FRW model. After many years working as a consultant for both the pharmaceutical and energy industries, he has recently retired to spend some of his time writing about the philosophy of cosmology.

2chapters authored

Chapters authored

A Polytropic Solution of the Expanding Universe – Constraining Relativistic and Non-Relativistic Matter Densities Using Astronomical Results

By Ahmet M. Öztaş and Michael L. Smith

Part of the book: Aspects of Today's Cosmology

The Tension over the Hubble-Lemaitre Constant

By Michael L. Smith and Ahmet M. Öztaș

Astronomers continue the search for better a Hubble-Lemaitre constant, H0, value and other cosmological parameters describing our expanding Universe. One investigative school uses ‘standard candles’ to estimate distances correlated with galactic redshifts, which are then used to calculate H0 and other parameters. These distance values rely on measurements of Cepheid variable stars, supernovae types Ia and II or HII galaxies/giant extra-galactic HII regions (GEHR) or the tip of red giant star branch to establish a distance ‘ladder’. We describe some common pitfalls of employing log-transformed HII/GEHR and SNe Ia data rather than actual distances and suggest better analytical methods than those commonly used. We also show that results using HII and GEHR data are more meaningful when low quality data are discarded. We then test six important cosmological models using HII/GEHR data but produce no clear winner. Groups utilising gravitational waves and others measuring signals from the cosmic microwave background are now at odds, ‘tension’, with those using the SNe Ia and HII data over Hubble-Lemaitre constant values. We suggest a straightforward remedy for this tension.

Part of the book: Cosmology 2020 - The Current State

Michael L. Smith

Chapters authored

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