Andreas Koch

By Andreas Koch

Models in general and geosimulation in particular are epistemologically characterized by two principles: first, they produce reality through their existence and communication rather than simply representing it. Second, they reduce complexity in the process of mapping complexity. Since almost any current phenomenon is understood as complex without specifying how complex it is and in which sense, geosimulation models are important tools in solving this problem of specifying and representing complexity. This capability rests, among other things, upon its multilevel approach (bottom-up and top-down) and its ability to translate terms into numbers and thus into distinct singularities. A demonstration of such an understanding of models will be given by presenting a socio-spatial simulation approach in the domain of network analysis and social capital operationalization. Two Austrian regions serve as case studies using empirical and simulated data. The demonstration includes the endeavor to intertwine a place-based geography with a network-based geography.

Part of the book: Spatial Analysis, Modelling and Planning

By Andreas Koch

Social housing functions are interrelated in manifold ways, expressing different needs and preferences of heterogeneous and socially unequal modern societies. The home as a place of individual shelter and privacy and as a node of interaction in social networks interferes with activities that had been spatially outsourced in the past and reintegrated again in recent times, such as productive labor, care or supply. In addition, social housing functions compete with economic functions of capital accumulation and profitmaking, transforming the dwelling into a tradeable commodity. Likewise, ecological functions of saving land and resources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions have to be satisfied. These interdependencies challenge sustainable housing politics, most prominently signified in the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals 1, 10, and 11. The contribution captures this network of housing functions by advocating to strengthen social housing functions against economic functions. Political and philosophical justification of this position refers to theories of social capital and relational justice. Political measures feasible of being applied within the neoliberal system will be delineated, aiming to sustain social housing functions.

Part of the book: Sustainable Housing

By Andreas Koch

Urban housing in Europe is increasingly challenged by decreasing affordability and availability for an economically and demographically diversified population. Furthermore, residents become more dependent on housing policies that primarily satisfy (global) market demands instead of social needs. This chapter addresses these challenges by focusing on the economic (commodification), spatial (territorialization) and political (centralization) domains of housing. Based on a critical discussion of these domains, the chapter then presents strategies that are supposed to help mitigate social inequality in housing markets. While adaptations of the legal framework contribute to strengthening the social functions of housing, applying relational geography help release the municipals’ highly competitive hunting for residents within a containerized imagination of local planning. The promotion of commoning practices considers the need for neighborhood engagement to articulate concerns of the local communities. Communalism is vital, and the chapter proposes strategies to achieve this political state in neighborhood communities. This plea is illustrated by taking an Austrian perspective on housing policy.

Part of the book: Future Housing