Chapters authored
Tolerance of Plant Cell Wall to Environment
Drought and flooding of soil are negatively factors for growth and development of plants. Exogenous factors, including moisture of soil, intensity of sun light, temperature, salinization, the content and diffusion rate of CO2 and O2 is main that influence terrestrial and flood plants. Cell walls actively participate in the mechanisms of plant adaptation to drought and flooding. It has been established that the resistance of plants to unfavorable environmental conditions is due to the plasticity of the structural, biochemical and functional characteristics of plant cell walls, that manifests itself in a change of ultrastructure cell walls, density of stomata and wax in leaf epidermis, compacting or loosening of cell walls, presence of cuticle pores, change of content of crystalline and amorphous cellulose, hemicellulose, callose and lignin and change in a ratio of syringyl/quajacyl monolignols and also expression of the specific genes.
Part of the book: Advances in Plant Defense Mechanisms
Influence of Environmental Change on Monolignols and the Micromorphology of Leaf Epidermis in Hydrophytes and Terrestrial Plants
The review presents data on the role of leaf epidermis, lignin, and its monolignols in the adaptation of higher plants to adverse environmental conditions. It discusses the localization and content of syringyl monolignin and guajacyl monolignin in cell walls and how they affect the elasticity of plant cell walls under different natural conditions. These data are presented using modern methods of laser scanning, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The review also discusses literature data and the results of our own experimental studies on the cellular mechanisms of lignin synthesis and its regulation, as well as the participation of monolignols in plant adaptation to environmental changes. It shows the role of monolignols in regulating water balance and transpiration of plants, as well as in protecting plant cells from abiotic stresses and environmental changes. Recent studies have also shown the influence of lignin on the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of secondary cell walls and metabolites with protective properties. This review indicates the potential for further research into the role of monolignols and confirms that the conservation of species characterized by increased lignin synthesis may be a conceptual basis for the protection and conservation of flora from abiotic stresses.
Part of the book: Advanced Lignin Technologies [Working title]