\\n\\n
These books synthesize perspectives of renowned scientists from the world’s most prestigious institutions - from Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute in Japan to Stanford University in the United States, including Columbia University (US), University of Sidney (AU), University of Miami (USA), Cardiff University (UK), and many others.
\\n\\nThis collaboration embodied the true essence of Open Access by simplifying the approach to OA publishing for Academic editors and authors who contributed their research and allowed the new research to be made available free and open to anyone anywhere in the world.
\\n\\nTo celebrate the 50 books published, we have gathered them at one location - just one click away, so that you can easily browse the subjects of your interest, download the content directly, share it or read online.
\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:null},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'
IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched formed a partnership to support researchers working in engineering sciences by enabling an easier approach to publishing Open Access content. Using the Knowledge Unlatched crowdfunding model to raise the publishing costs through libraries around the world, Open Access Publishing Fee (OAPF) was not required from the authors.
\n\nInitially, the partnership supported engineering research, but it soon grew to include physical and life sciences, attracting more researchers to the advantages of Open Access publishing.
\n\n\n\nThese books synthesize perspectives of renowned scientists from the world’s most prestigious institutions - from Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute in Japan to Stanford University in the United States, including Columbia University (US), University of Sidney (AU), University of Miami (USA), Cardiff University (UK), and many others.
\n\nThis collaboration embodied the true essence of Open Access by simplifying the approach to OA publishing for Academic editors and authors who contributed their research and allowed the new research to be made available free and open to anyone anywhere in the world.
\n\nTo celebrate the 50 books published, we have gathered them at one location - just one click away, so that you can easily browse the subjects of your interest, download the content directly, share it or read online.
\n\n\n\n\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"},{slug:"introducing-intechopen-book-series-a-new-publishing-format-for-oa-books-20210915",title:"Introducing IntechOpen Book Series - A New Publishing Format for OA Books"},{slug:"intechopen-identified-as-one-of-the-most-significant-contributor-to-oa-book-growth-in-doab-20210809",title:"IntechOpen Identified as One of the Most Significant Contributors to OA Book Growth in DOAB"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"95",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Applications and Experiences of Quality Control",title:"Applications and Experiences of Quality Control",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"The rich palette of topics set out in this book provides a sufficiently broad overview of the developments in the field of quality control. By providing detailed information on various aspects of quality control, this book can serve as a basis for starting interdisciplinary cooperation, which has increasingly become an integral part of scientific and applied research.",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-307-236-4",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-6008-3",doi:"10.5772/612",price:159,priceEur:175,priceUsd:205,slug:"applications-and-experiences-of-quality-control",numberOfPages:726,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:1,isInBkci:!1,hash:"4bcb22b1eee68210a977a97d5a0f363a",bookSignature:"Ognyan Ivanov",publishedDate:"April 26th 2011",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/95.jpg",numberOfDownloads:317129,numberOfWosCitations:72,numberOfCrossrefCitations:39,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:1,numberOfDimensionsCitations:92,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:1,hasAltmetrics:1,numberOfTotalCitations:203,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"May 25th 2010",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"June 22nd 2010",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"September 27th 2010",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"November 26th 2010",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"February 9th 2011",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6,7",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"22230",title:"Prof.",name:"Ognyan",middleName:null,surname:"Ivanov",slug:"ognyan-ivanov",fullName:"Ognyan Ivanov",profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:"Ognyan Ivanov graduated from the Physics Department of the Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski”. He received his PhD degree from the Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics (ISSP), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in Sofia, Bulgaria, where he is currently employed. His research activity is in the area of electromagnetic interactions with solids and is concentrated on the creation of various methods for control of materials and processes, mainly in the field of quality control. The methods can be used for the control of solids, liquids and gases. Dr Ivanov is an author and co-author of 54 publications in scientific journals and books, including four invited papers, and he has participated in 26 international conferences. He has worked as a member or leader in 14 projects of ISSP with organizations outside of the Academy. Prof. Ivanov also teaches physics at the University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy in Sofia. He is a member of national and international scientific organizations, editorial boards and has also received awards at exhibitions for inventors and innovations.",institutionString:null,position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Bulgaria"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"806",title:"Quality Control Management",slug:"industrial-engineering-and-management-quality-control-management"}],chapters:[{id:"14834",title:"Quality Indicators for Colonoscopy Procedures",doi:"10.5772/15968",slug:"quality-indicators-for-colonoscopy-procedures",totalDownloads:3485,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Romain Coriat, Elise Pommaret, Sarah Leblanc and Stanislas Chaussade",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14834",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14834",authors:[{id:"18316",title:"Dr.",name:"Romain",surname:"Coriat",slug:"romain-coriat",fullName:"Romain Coriat"}],corrections:null},{id:"14835",title:"The Need for Quality Control in High Dose Rate Brachytherapy",doi:"10.5772/15791",slug:"the-need-for-quality-control-in-high-dose-rate-brachytherapy",totalDownloads:3543,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Carlos E. deAlmeida",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14835",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14835",authors:[{id:"22025",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos Eduardo",surname:"De Almeida",slug:"carlos-eduardo-de-almeida",fullName:"Carlos Eduardo De Almeida"}],corrections:null},{id:"14836",title:"Applications and Experiences of Quality Control to Surgical and Interventional Procedures",doi:"10.5772/15877",slug:"applications-and-experiences-of-quality-control-to-surgical-and-interventional-procedures",totalDownloads:2645,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:5,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"David Biau, Lionel Dessolle and Raphaël Porcher",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14836",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14836",authors:[{id:"22297",title:"Dr.",name:"David J.",surname:"Biau",slug:"david-j.-biau",fullName:"David J. Biau"}],corrections:null},{id:"14837",title:"Whole Body Composition by Hologic QDR 4500/A DXA: System Reliability versus User Accuracy and Precision",doi:"10.5772/15613",slug:"whole-body-composition-by-hologic-qdr-4500-a-dxa-system-reliability-versus-user-accuracy-and-precisi",totalDownloads:6928,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:10,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Aldo Scafoglieri, Steven Provyn, Joanne Wallace, Olivia Louis, Jonathan Tresignie, Ivan Bautmans, Johan De Mey and Jan Pieter Clarys",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14837",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14837",authors:[{id:"12647",title:"Dr.",name:"Aldo",surname:"Scafoglieri",slug:"aldo-scafoglieri",fullName:"Aldo Scafoglieri"},{id:"12649",title:"Prof.",name:"Steven",surname:"Provyn",slug:"steven-provyn",fullName:"Steven Provyn"},{id:"12651",title:"Dr.",name:"Jonathan",surname:"Tresignie",slug:"jonathan-tresignie",fullName:"Jonathan Tresignie"},{id:"12652",title:"Dr.",name:"Olivia",surname:"Louis",slug:"olivia-louis",fullName:"Olivia Louis"},{id:"21875",title:"Dr.",name:"Ivan",surname:"Bautmans",slug:"ivan-bautmans",fullName:"Ivan Bautmans"},{id:"21880",title:"Dr.",name:"Joanne",surname:"Wallace",slug:"joanne-wallace",fullName:"Joanne Wallace"},{id:"21882",title:"Dr.",name:"Johan",surname:"De Mey",slug:"johan-de-mey",fullName:"Johan De Mey"},{id:"21883",title:"Prof.",name:"Jan Pieter",surname:"Clarys",slug:"jan-pieter-clarys",fullName:"Jan Pieter Clarys"}],corrections:null},{id:"14838",title:"Quality Control in Endoscopy Unit: Safety Considerations for the Patient",doi:"10.5772/15009",slug:"quality-control-in-endoscopy-unit-safety-considerations-for-the-patient",totalDownloads:6200,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Jean-Francois Rey",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14838",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14838",authors:[{id:"19455",title:"Dr.",name:"Jean-Francois",surname:"Rey",slug:"jean-francois-rey",fullName:"Jean-Francois Rey"}],corrections:null},{id:"14839",title:"Development of Urodynamic Standards for Quality Control",doi:"10.5772/15289",slug:"development-of-urodynamic-standards-for-quality-control",totalDownloads:4669,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:4,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Limin Liao and Werner Schaefer",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14839",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14839",authors:[{id:"20116",title:"Dr.",name:"Limin",surname:"Liao",slug:"limin-liao",fullName:"Limin Liao"},{id:"20346",title:"Dr.",name:"Werner",surname:"Schaefer",slug:"werner-schaefer",fullName:"Werner Schaefer"}],corrections:null},{id:"14840",title:"Guidelines for Developing Automated Quality Control Procedures for Brain Magnetic Resonance Images Acquired in Multi-Centre Clinical Trials",doi:"10.5772/14515",slug:"guidelines-for-developing-automated-quality-control-procedures-for-brain-magnetic-resonance-images-a",totalDownloads:3303,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Elias Gedamu",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14840",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14840",authors:[{id:"18017",title:"PhD.",name:"Elias",surname:"Gedamu",slug:"elias-gedamu",fullName:"Elias Gedamu"}],corrections:null},{id:"14841",title:"Quality Control in the Early Secretory Pathway Plays Significant Roles in vivo",doi:"10.5772/15919",slug:"quality-control-in-the-early-secretory-pathway-plays-significant-roles-in-vivo",totalDownloads:1961,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Tomohiko Aoe",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14841",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14841",authors:[{id:"22471",title:"Prof.",name:"Tomohiko",surname:"Aoe",slug:"tomohiko-aoe",fullName:"Tomohiko Aoe"}],corrections:null},{id:"14842",title:"Quality Assurance in the Preanalytical Phase",doi:"10.5772/15854",slug:"quality-assurance-in-the-preanalytical-phase",totalDownloads:17029,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:5,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"M. Antonia LLopis, Virtudes Alvarez, Cecilia Martínez-Brú, Rubén Gómez, Núria Barba, Mercè Ibarz, Mariano Cortés, Montserrat Ventura and M. Jesús Alsina",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14842",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14842",authors:[{id:"22213",title:"Dr.",name:"Mª Antonia",surname:"LLopis",slug:"ma-antonia-llopis",fullName:"Mª Antonia LLopis"},{id:"22412",title:"Dr.",name:"Virtudes",surname:"Alvarez",slug:"virtudes-alvarez",fullName:"Virtudes Alvarez"},{id:"22413",title:"Dr.",name:"Cecilia",surname:"Martínez-Brú",slug:"cecilia-martinez-bru",fullName:"Cecilia Martínez-Brú"},{id:"22414",title:"Dr.",name:"Rubén",surname:"Gómez",slug:"ruben-gomez",fullName:"Rubén Gómez"},{id:"22415",title:"Prof.",name:"Núria",surname:"Barba",slug:"nuria-barba",fullName:"Núria Barba"},{id:"22416",title:"Prof.",name:"Mercè",surname:"Ibarz",slug:"merce-ibarz",fullName:"Mercè Ibarz"},{id:"22417",title:"Dr.",name:"Mariano",surname:"Cortés",slug:"mariano-cortes",fullName:"Mariano Cortés"},{id:"22418",title:"Dr.",name:"Montserrat",surname:"Ventura",slug:"montserrat-ventura",fullName:"Montserrat Ventura"},{id:"22419",title:"Dr.",name:"Mª Jesús",surname:"Alsina",slug:"ma-jesus-alsina",fullName:"Mª Jesús Alsina"}],corrections:null},{id:"14843",title:"The Need for Quality for Better Laboratory Performance, Alexandria University Experience",doi:"10.5772/14642",slug:"the-need-for-quality-for-better-laboratory-performance-alexandria-university-experience",totalDownloads:6978,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Mohamed Moustafa Rizk, Abla Abou Zeid and Nermine Hossam",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14843",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14843",authors:[{id:"18424",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohamed Moustafa",surname:"Rizk",slug:"mohamed-moustafa-rizk",fullName:"Mohamed Moustafa Rizk"},{id:"20021",title:"Prof.",name:"Abla",surname:"Abou Zeid",slug:"abla-abou-zeid",fullName:"Abla Abou Zeid"},{id:"20022",title:"Prof.",name:"Nermine",surname:"Hossam",slug:"nermine-hossam",fullName:"Nermine Hossam"}],corrections:null},{id:"14844",title:"Quality Control for the Molecular Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis",doi:"10.5772/15916",slug:"quality-control-for-the-molecular-diagnosis-of-toxoplasmosis",totalDownloads:2633,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Emmanuelle Varlet-Marie, Yvon Sterkers and Patrick Bastien",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14844",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14844",authors:[{id:"18927",title:"Prof.",name:"Patrick",surname:"Bastien",slug:"patrick-bastien",fullName:"Patrick Bastien"},{id:"30700",title:"Dr.",name:"Emmanuelle",surname:"Varlet-Marie",slug:"emmanuelle-varlet-marie",fullName:"Emmanuelle Varlet-Marie"},{id:"30701",title:"Dr.",name:"Yvon",surname:"Sterkers",slug:"yvon-sterkers",fullName:"Yvon Sterkers"}],corrections:null},{id:"14845",title:"Quality and Safety in PICU and NICU: Scoreboard Control and Care Network",doi:"10.5772/15539",slug:"quality-and-safety-in-picu-and-nicu-scoreboard-control-and-care-network",totalDownloads:4875,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Fuster-Jorge, P.A., Fernández-Sarabia, J., Delgado-Melián, T., Pérez-Hernández, R., Jiménez-Rivera J.J., Montes de Oca-Afonso M.R., Domenech-Martínez, E. and Sierra-López, A.",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14845",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14845",authors:[{id:"21170",title:"Dr.",name:"Pedro A.",surname:"Fuster Jorge",slug:"pedro-a.-fuster-jorge",fullName:"Pedro A. Fuster Jorge"},{id:"21234",title:"Dr.",name:"Javier",surname:"Fernández Sarabia",slug:"javier-fernandez-sarabia",fullName:"Javier Fernández Sarabia"}],corrections:null},{id:"14846",title:"Primer Design to Sequence Analysis - a Pipeline for a Molecular Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory",doi:"10.5772/14887",slug:"primer-design-to-sequence-analysis-a-pipeline-for-a-molecular-genetic-diagnostic-laboratory",totalDownloads:4893,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Elaine Doherty, Renate Marquis-Nicholson, Jennifer M. Love, Clare Brookes, Debra Prosser and Donald R. Love",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14846",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14846",authors:[{id:"18995",title:"Dr.",name:"Donald R.",surname:"Love",slug:"donald-r.-love",fullName:"Donald R. Love"},{id:"18997",title:"BSc.",name:"Elaine",surname:"Doherty",slug:"elaine-doherty",fullName:"Elaine Doherty"},{id:"18998",title:"Ms.",name:"Jennifer M.",surname:"Love",slug:"jennifer-m.-love",fullName:"Jennifer M. Love"},{id:"18999",title:"Ms.",name:"Debra",surname:"Prosser",slug:"debra-prosser",fullName:"Debra Prosser"}],corrections:null},{id:"14847",title:"Innovative Approaches in Quality Management in Clinical Laboratories",doi:"10.5772/15228",slug:"innovative-approaches-in-quality-management-in-clinical-laboratories",totalDownloads:11832,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Lina Souan, Maher A. Sughayer",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14847",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14847",authors:[{id:"20023",title:"Dr.",name:"Lina",surname:"Souan",slug:"lina-souan",fullName:"Lina Souan"},{id:"23632",title:"Dr.",name:"Maher A.",surname:"Sughayer",slug:"maher-a.-sughayer",fullName:"Maher A. Sughayer"}],corrections:null},{id:"15831",title:"Mathematically Fuzzy Approach to Quality Control",doi:"10.5772/15338",slug:"mathematically-fuzzy-approach-to-quality-control",totalDownloads:2585,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Rostovtsev A.M.",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/15831",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/15831",authors:[{id:"19840",title:"MSc.",name:"Andrey",surname:"Rostovtsev",slug:"andrey-rostovtsev",fullName:"Andrey Rostovtsev"}],corrections:null},{id:"14848",title:"On Some Applications of Nonlinear Differential Equations in Image Processing: Concepts and Electronic Implementation",doi:"10.5772/15637",slug:"on-some-applications-of-nonlinear-differential-equations-in-image-processing-concepts-and-electronic",totalDownloads:2636,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"S. Morfu and P. Marquié",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14848",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14848",authors:[{id:"21473",title:"Dr.",name:"Saverio",surname:"Morfu",slug:"saverio-morfu",fullName:"Saverio Morfu"},{id:"22251",title:"Prof.",name:"Patrick",surname:"Marquie",slug:"patrick-marquie",fullName:"Patrick Marquie"}],corrections:null},{id:"14849",title:"Quality Control in Clinical Laboratories",doi:"10.5772/15865",slug:"quality-control-in-clinical-laboratories",totalDownloads:80228,totalCrossrefCites:10,totalDimensionsCites:19,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:null,signatures:"Petros Karkalousos and Angelos Evangelopoulos",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14849",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14849",authors:[{id:"21886",title:"Dr.",name:"Petros",surname:"Karkalousos",slug:"petros-karkalousos",fullName:"Petros Karkalousos"},{id:"24306",title:"Dr.",name:"Angelos",surname:"Evangelopoulos",slug:"angelos-evangelopoulos",fullName:"Angelos Evangelopoulos"}],corrections:null},{id:"14850",title:"Water Quality Control from the Perspective of Water Supply System Users’ Safety",doi:"10.5772/15870",slug:"water-quality-control-from-the-perspective-of-water-supply-system-users-safety",totalDownloads:2218,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Janusz Ryszard Rak and Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14850",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14850",authors:[{id:"22265",title:"Dr.",name:"Janusz Ryszard",surname:"Rak",slug:"janusz-ryszard-rak",fullName:"Janusz Ryszard Rak"},{id:"22296",title:"Dr.",name:"Barbara",surname:"Tchorzewska-Cieslak",slug:"barbara-tchorzewska-cieslak",fullName:"Barbara Tchorzewska-Cieslak"}],corrections:null},{id:"14851",title:"The Application Research of Intelligent Quality Control Based on Failure Mode and Effects Analysis Knowledge Management",doi:"10.5772/14956",slug:"the-application-research-of-intelligent-quality-control-based-on-failure-mode-and-effects-analysis-k",totalDownloads:3138,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Zhao Xiuxu",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14851",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14851",authors:[{id:"19311",title:"Prof.",name:"Xiuxu",surname:"Zhao",slug:"xiuxu-zhao",fullName:"Xiuxu Zhao"}],corrections:null},{id:"14852",title:"Model Driven Adaptive Quality Control in Service Oriented Architectures",doi:"10.5772/15779",slug:"model-driven-adaptive-quality-control-in-service-oriented-architectures",totalDownloads:1956,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Tomasz Szydło and Krzysztof Zieliński",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14852",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14852",authors:[{id:"21977",title:"Prof.",name:"Krzysztof",surname:"Zieliński",slug:"krzysztof-zielinski",fullName:"Krzysztof Zieliński"},{id:"22486",title:"MSc.",name:"Tomasz",surname:"Szydło",slug:"tomasz-szydlo",fullName:"Tomasz Szydło"}],corrections:null},{id:"14853",title:"Research about New Predictive-Maintenance Methodology using VBA for Marine Engineering Applications",doi:"10.5772/14724",slug:"research-about-new-predictive-maintenance-methodology-using-vba-for-marine-engineering-applications",totalDownloads:2807,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"José A. Orosa, Angel M. Costa and Rafael Santos",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14853",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14853",authors:[{id:"10150",title:"Prof.",name:"José A.",surname:"Orosa",slug:"jose-a.-orosa",fullName:"José A. Orosa"},{id:"23371",title:"Prof.",name:"Angel M.",surname:"Costa",slug:"angel-m.-costa",fullName:"Angel M. Costa"},{id:"136232",title:"Prof.",name:"Rafael",surname:"Santos",slug:"rafael-santos",fullName:"Rafael Santos"}],corrections:null},{id:"14854",title:"Development of VBA Based Ship Technical Corrective Management System for Marine Engineers",doi:"10.5772/14505",slug:"development-of-vba-based-ship-technical-corrective-management-system-for-marine-engineers",totalDownloads:3854,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"José A. Orosa, Angel M. Costa and Rafael Santos",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14854",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14854",authors:[{id:"10150",title:"Prof.",name:"José A.",surname:"Orosa",slug:"jose-a.-orosa",fullName:"José A. Orosa"},{id:"23371",title:"Prof.",name:"Angel M.",surname:"Costa",slug:"angel-m.-costa",fullName:"Angel M. Costa"},{id:"136232",title:"Prof.",name:"Rafael",surname:"Santos",slug:"rafael-santos",fullName:"Rafael Santos"}],corrections:null},{id:"14855",title:"Quality Assessments of Seafloor Mapping with Multibeam Echo Sounders",doi:"10.5772/15668",slug:"quality-assessments-of-seafloor-mapping-with-multibeam-echo-sounders",totalDownloads:3213,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Jan Terje Bjørke and Stein Nilsen",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14855",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14855",authors:[{id:"21555",title:"Dr.",name:"Jan Terje",surname:"Bjørke",slug:"jan-terje-bjorke",fullName:"Jan Terje Bjørke"},{id:"22144",title:"Dr.",name:"Stein",surname:"Nilsen",slug:"stein-nilsen",fullName:"Stein Nilsen"}],corrections:null},{id:"14856",title:"Electrochemical Methods in Analysis of Biofuels",doi:"10.5772/16212",slug:"electrochemical-methods-in-analysis-of-biofuels",totalDownloads:3616,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"André L. Santos, Regina M. Takeuchi, Paula G. Fenga and Nelson R. Stradiotto",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14856",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14856",authors:[{id:"22070",title:"Dr.",name:"Nelson R.",surname:"Stradiotto",slug:"nelson-r.-stradiotto",fullName:"Nelson R. Stradiotto"},{id:"40729",title:"PhD.",name:"André L.",surname:"Santos",slug:"andre-l.-santos",fullName:"André L. Santos"},{id:"40740",title:"Dr.",name:"Paula G.",surname:"Fenga",slug:"paula-g.-fenga",fullName:"Paula G. Fenga"},{id:"41041",title:"Dr.",name:"Regina M.",surname:"Takeuchi",slug:"regina-m.-takeuchi",fullName:"Regina M. Takeuchi"}],corrections:null},{id:"14857",title:"Quality Control Implementation in Manufacturing Companies: Motivating Factors and Challenges",doi:"10.5772/15997",slug:"quality-control-implementation-in-manufacturing-companies-motivating-factors-and-challenges",totalDownloads:78501,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:6,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Hairulliza Mohamad Judi, Ruzzakiah Jenal and Devendran Genasan",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14857",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14857",authors:[{id:"21941",title:"PhD.",name:"Hairulliza",surname:"Mohamad Judi",slug:"hairulliza-mohamad-judi",fullName:"Hairulliza Mohamad Judi"},{id:"26901",title:"PhD.",name:"Ruzzakiah",surname:"Jenal",slug:"ruzzakiah-jenal",fullName:"Ruzzakiah Jenal"},{id:"26902",title:"Mr.",name:"Devendran",surname:"Genasan",slug:"devendran-genasan",fullName:"Devendran Genasan"}],corrections:null},{id:"14858",title:"Quality Control Methods Based on Electromagnetic Field-Matter Interactions",doi:"10.5772/15857",slug:"quality-control-methods-based-on-electromagnetic-field-matter-interactions",totalDownloads:1955,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:5,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Ognyan Ivanov and Mariana Kuneva",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14858",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14858",authors:[{id:"22230",title:"Prof.",name:"Ognyan",surname:"Ivanov",slug:"ognyan-ivanov",fullName:"Ognyan Ivanov"},{id:"22236",title:"Dr.",name:"Mariana",surname:"Kuneva",slug:"mariana-kuneva",fullName:"Mariana Kuneva"}],corrections:null},{id:"14859",title:"Process Monitoring of Polymer Systems by using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy",doi:"10.5772/15212",slug:"process-monitoring-of-polymer-systems-by-using-near-infrared-spectroscopy",totalDownloads:5193,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Wei Li",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14859",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14859",authors:[{id:"19968",title:"Dr.",name:"Wei",surname:"Li",slug:"wei-li",fullName:"Wei Li"}],corrections:null},{id:"14860",title:"Digital Image Processing for Quality Control on Injection Molding Products",doi:"10.5772/15673",slug:"digital-image-processing-for-quality-control-on-injection-molding-products",totalDownloads:5046,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Marco Sasso, Massimo Natalini and Dario Amodio",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14860",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14860",authors:[{id:"21568",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco",surname:"Sasso",slug:"marco-sasso",fullName:"Marco Sasso"},{id:"22467",title:"Prof.",name:"Massimo",surname:"Natalini",slug:"massimo-natalini",fullName:"Massimo Natalini"},{id:"22468",title:"Prof.",name:"Dario",surname:"Amodio",slug:"dario-amodio",fullName:"Dario Amodio"}],corrections:null},{id:"14861",title:"Power Quality Control in Wind/Fuel Cell/Battery/Hydrogen Electrolyzer Hybrid Micro-grid Power System",doi:"10.5772/14559",slug:"power-quality-control-in-wind-fuel-cell-battery-hydrogen-electrolyzer-hybrid-micro-grid-power-system",totalDownloads:4434,totalCrossrefCites:11,totalDimensionsCites:15,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Xiangjun Li, Dong Hui, Xiaokang Lai and Tao Yan",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14861",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14861",authors:[{id:"18171",title:"Dr.",name:"Xiangjun",surname:"Li",slug:"xiangjun-li",fullName:"Xiangjun Li"},{id:"136234",title:"Prof.",name:"Dong",surname:"Hui",slug:"dong-hui",fullName:"Dong Hui"},{id:"136235",title:"Prof.",name:"Xiaokang",surname:"Lai",slug:"xiaokang-lai",fullName:"Xiaokang Lai"},{id:"136237",title:"Prof.",name:"Tao",surname:"Yan",slug:"tao-yan",fullName:"Tao Yan"}],corrections:null},{id:"14862",title:"A Discussion on Current Quality-Control Practices in Mineral Exploration",doi:"10.5772/14492",slug:"a-discussion-on-current-quality-control-practices-in-mineral-exploration",totalDownloads:10149,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Armando Simón Méndez",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14862",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14862",authors:[{id:"17938",title:"Dr.",name:"Armando Simón",surname:"Méndez",slug:"armando-simon-mendez",fullName:"Armando Simón Méndez"}],corrections:null},{id:"14863",title:"Sampling Errors and Control of Assay Data Quality in Exploration and Mining Geology",doi:"10.5772/14965",slug:"sampling-errors-and-control-of-assay-data-quality-in-exploration-and-mining-geology",totalDownloads:15305,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:8,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Marat Abzalov",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14863",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14863",authors:[{id:"19362",title:"Dr.",name:"Marat",surname:"Abzalov",slug:"marat-abzalov",fullName:"Marat Abzalov"}],corrections:null},{id:"14864",title:"Adaptive Calibration and Quality Control of Smart Sensors",doi:"10.5772/14563",slug:"adaptive-calibration-and-quality-control-of-smart-sensors",totalDownloads:3366,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Matej Možek, Danilo Vrtačnik, Drago Resnik, Borut Pečar and Slavko Amon",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14864",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14864",authors:[{id:"18182",title:"Dr.",name:"Matej",surname:"Možek",slug:"matej-mozek",fullName:"Matej Možek"},{id:"22398",title:"Dr.",name:"Danilo",surname:"Vrtačnik",slug:"danilo-vrtacnik",fullName:"Danilo Vrtačnik"},{id:"22399",title:"Dr.",name:"Drago",surname:"Resnik",slug:"drago-resnik",fullName:"Drago Resnik"},{id:"22400",title:"Dr.",name:"Borut",surname:"Pečar",slug:"borut-pecar",fullName:"Borut Pečar"},{id:"22401",title:"Dr.",name:"Slavko",surname:"Amon",slug:"slavko-amon",fullName:"Slavko Amon"}],corrections:null},{id:"14865",title:"Hyperspectral Imaging for Raw Material Sorting and Processed Product Quality Control",doi:"10.5772/15740",slug:"hyperspectral-imaging-for-raw-material-sorting-and-processed-product-quality-control",totalDownloads:3775,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Pilar-Beatriz García-Allende, Olga M. Conde and José Miguel López-Higuera",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14865",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14865",authors:[{id:"21782",title:"Dr.",name:"Pilar-Beatriz",surname:"García-Allende",slug:"pilar-beatriz-garcia-allende",fullName:"Pilar-Beatriz García-Allende"},{id:"21787",title:"Prof.",name:"José Miguel",surname:"López-Higuera",slug:"jose-miguel-lopez-higuera",fullName:"José Miguel López-Higuera"},{id:"22456",title:"Dr.",name:"Olga M.",surname:"Conde",slug:"olga-m.-conde",fullName:"Olga M. Conde"}],corrections:null},{id:"14866",title:"Quality Control of the Microlenses Array",doi:"10.5772/15043",slug:"quality-control-of-the-microlenses-array",totalDownloads:2180,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Rafał Kasztelanic",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14866",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14866",authors:[{id:"19562",title:"Dr.",name:"Rafał",surname:"Kasztelanic",slug:"rafal-kasztelanic",fullName:"Rafał Kasztelanic"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},subseries:null,tags:null},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"632",title:"Wide Spectra of Quality Control",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9f7ce64f86daee44a8c5604e8924de1c",slug:"wide-spectra-of-quality-control",bookSignature:"Isin Akyar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/632.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"36323",title:"Dr.",name:"Isin",surname:"Akyar",slug:"isin-akyar",fullName:"Isin Akyar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"306",title:"Modern Approaches To Quality Control",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4fffa0a7b63b610bad79c1bae3b991c9",slug:"modern-approaches-to-quality-control",bookSignature:"Ahmed Badr Eldin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/306.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"47874",title:"Dr.",name:"Ahmed",surname:"Badr Eldin",slug:"ahmed-badr-eldin",fullName:"Ahmed Badr Eldin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3668",title:"Quality Management and Six Sigma",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"quality-management-and-six-sigma",bookSignature:"Abdurrahman Coskun",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3668.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"10406",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Abdurrahman",surname:"Coskun",slug:"abdurrahman-coskun",fullName:"Abdurrahman Coskun"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"898",title:"System of Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"289fb468f2d52b12e16f04f89198008a",slug:"system-of-systems",bookSignature:"Adrian V. Gheorghe",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/898.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"66987",title:"Dr.",name:"Adrian V.",surname:"Gheorghe",slug:"adrian-v.-gheorghe",fullName:"Adrian V. Gheorghe"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3074",title:"Practical Concepts of Quality Control",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3bb079fbda0a27f91cd90dcbd0cc3a6b",slug:"practical-concepts-of-quality-control",bookSignature:"Mohammad Saber Fallah Nezhad",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3074.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"150393",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohammad Saber Fallah",surname:"Nezhad",slug:"mohammad-saber-fallah-nezhad",fullName:"Mohammad Saber Fallah Nezhad"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8623",title:"Maintenance Management",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"91cc93ad76fdd6709b8c50c6ba7e4e0c",slug:"maintenance-management",bookSignature:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez and Mayorkinos Papaelias",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8623.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"22844",title:"Prof.",name:"Fausto Pedro",surname:"García Márquez",slug:"fausto-pedro-garcia-marquez",fullName:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9925",title:"Quality Control",subtitle:"Intelligent Manufacturing, Robust Design and Charts",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"865332c5f031b481c1359793edc79fe5",slug:"quality-control-intelligent-manufacturing-robust-design-and-charts",bookSignature:"Pengzhong Li, Paulo António Rodrigues Pereira and Helena Navas",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9925.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19636",title:"Prof.",name:"Pengzhong",surname:"Li",slug:"pengzhong-li",fullName:"Pengzhong Li"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"178637",title:"Dr.",name:"Paulo",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"paulo-pereira",fullName:"Paulo Pereira",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/178637/images/system/178637.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Pereira received his Ph.D. in Biotechnology from the Catholic University of Portugal. He has been recruited as a quality and laboratory expert for seminars and professional laboratory meetings throughout Europe, Africa, and South America. He has more than twenty-five years of experience working in medical laboratories, having held key scientific leadership roles: 15+ years as a senior researcher; 10+ years as a consultant for a metrology laboratory based on ISO/IEC 17025 specifications and related standards; 20+ years as a consultant and auditor of quality management systems based on ISO 9001, ISO/IEC 17025, and ISO 15189 standards; 16+ years as the quality manager in the Portuguese Institute of Blood and Transplantation, including more than 6 years in national coordination; and 6+ years as a professor of Quality Assurance. Currently, he is the head of the R&D Department at the Portuguese Institute of Blood and Transplantation, Lisbon, Portugal. Dr. Pereira is the author of several peer-reviewed scientific articles and indexed books and chapters. He is an editor for several books. He serves as a member of several editorial boards. He is a member of the Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute and Eurachem. Dr. Pereira is an expert on in vitro diagnostic medical devices at the European Commission / European Medicines Agency.",institutionString:"Portuguese Institute of Blood and Transplantation",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:null},equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophile",surname:"Theophanides",slug:"theophile-theophanides",fullName:"Theophile Theophanides"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],ofsBooks:[]},correction:{item:{id:"66300",slug:"corrigendum-to-recovery-intervention-to-promote-social-connectedness-through-social-recreational-pro",title:"Corrigendum to: Recovery Intervention to Promote Social Connectedness through Social Recreational Programs for Persons with Dementia: A Critical Analysis",doi:null,correctionPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/66300.pdf",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/66300",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/66300",totalDownloads:null,totalCrossrefCites:null,bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/66300",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/66300",chapter:{id:"65375",slug:"recovery-intervention-to-promote-social-connectedness-through-social-recreational-programs-for-perso",signatures:"Winnie Sun, Shelby-Lynne Clarke, Hanaan Madahey and Ping Zou",dateSubmitted:"November 12th 2018",dateReviewed:"December 22nd 2018",datePrePublished:"January 28th 2019",datePublished:"April 10th 2019",book:{id:"8268",title:"Advances in Dementia Research",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Advances in Dementia Research",slug:"advances-in-dementia-research",publishedDate:"April 10th 2019",bookSignature:"Ghulam Md. Ashraf",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8268.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"199287",title:"Dr.",name:"Ghulam Md",middleName:null,surname:"Ashraf",slug:"ghulam-md-ashraf",fullName:"Ghulam Md Ashraf"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"219759",title:"Dr.",name:"Winnie",middleName:null,surname:"Sun",fullName:"Winnie Sun",slug:"winnie-sun",email:"winnie.sun@uoit.ca",position:null,institution:{name:"University of Ontario Institute of Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Canada"}}},{id:"284558",title:"Dr.",name:"Shelby-Lynne",middleName:null,surname:"Clarke",fullName:"Shelby-Lynne Clarke",slug:"shelby-lynne-clarke",email:"shelbylynne.clarke@gmail.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"284561",title:"Dr.",name:"Hanaan",middleName:null,surname:"Madahey",fullName:"Hanaan Madahey",slug:"hanaan-madahey",email:"hanaan.madahey@uoit.net",position:null,institution:null},{id:"284562",title:"Dr.",name:"Ping",middleName:null,surname:"Zou",fullName:"Ping Zou",slug:"ping-zou",email:"pingz@nipissingu.ca",position:null,institution:null}]}},chapter:{id:"65375",slug:"recovery-intervention-to-promote-social-connectedness-through-social-recreational-programs-for-perso",signatures:"Winnie Sun, Shelby-Lynne Clarke, Hanaan Madahey and Ping Zou",dateSubmitted:"November 12th 2018",dateReviewed:"December 22nd 2018",datePrePublished:"January 28th 2019",datePublished:"April 10th 2019",book:{id:"8268",title:"Advances in Dementia Research",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Advances in Dementia Research",slug:"advances-in-dementia-research",publishedDate:"April 10th 2019",bookSignature:"Ghulam Md. Ashraf",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8268.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"199287",title:"Dr.",name:"Ghulam Md",middleName:null,surname:"Ashraf",slug:"ghulam-md-ashraf",fullName:"Ghulam Md Ashraf"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"219759",title:"Dr.",name:"Winnie",middleName:null,surname:"Sun",fullName:"Winnie Sun",slug:"winnie-sun",email:"winnie.sun@uoit.ca",position:null,institution:{name:"University of Ontario Institute of Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Canada"}}},{id:"284558",title:"Dr.",name:"Shelby-Lynne",middleName:null,surname:"Clarke",fullName:"Shelby-Lynne Clarke",slug:"shelby-lynne-clarke",email:"shelbylynne.clarke@gmail.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"284561",title:"Dr.",name:"Hanaan",middleName:null,surname:"Madahey",fullName:"Hanaan Madahey",slug:"hanaan-madahey",email:"hanaan.madahey@uoit.net",position:null,institution:null},{id:"284562",title:"Dr.",name:"Ping",middleName:null,surname:"Zou",fullName:"Ping Zou",slug:"ping-zou",email:"pingz@nipissingu.ca",position:null,institution:null}]},book:{id:"8268",title:"Advances in Dementia Research",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Advances in Dementia Research",slug:"advances-in-dementia-research",publishedDate:"April 10th 2019",bookSignature:"Ghulam Md. Ashraf",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8268.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"199287",title:"Dr.",name:"Ghulam Md",middleName:null,surname:"Ashraf",slug:"ghulam-md-ashraf",fullName:"Ghulam Md Ashraf"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},ofsBook:{item:{type:"book",id:"11916",leadTitle:null,title:"The E-commerce Era",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"
\r\n\tThe viewpoint of research methods and business applications on electronic commerce (e-commerce) and electronic business (e-business) has dramatically changed since 2019. According to the report "COVID-19 and the future of business" conducted by IBM (2021), the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated digital transformation in 59% of surveyed organizations, and 66% say they have completed initiatives that previously encountered resistance.
\r\n\r\n\tWith the increased use of digital technologies, the demands of contemporary business for digital transformation have made e-commerce research and applications one of the most attractive areas of business research. Various approaches, models, techniques, concepts, and strategies have been developed and adopted, such as e-commerce business models, e-commerce strategies, e-business applications, digital transformation frameworks, digital transformation cases, business intelligence systems, etc. Scholars and practitioners are today facing unique business requirements and challenges for digital transformation.
\r\n\r\n\tThis book will aim to understand research methods and business applications in this new e-commerce era, as well as look forward to how the further research agenda for digital transformation will impact the future of business.
\r\n\t
Dynamically controlling the optical responses from plasmonic or Mie resonators is significant for future optical signal processing [1, 2]. Among different active tuning methods, electrical tuning is one of the most effective one owing to high switching speed and large tuning ranges [3, 4, 5]. Recently, electrical tuning on metamaterials based on plasmonic nanostructures has been reported, and the control mechanisms rely on semiconductor layers [6, 7, 8], graphene [9, 10, 11, 12, 13], or electromechanical deformation [14, 15]. Nevertheless, there are few works about the optoelectronic modulation on nanoscale devices up to now. Furthermore, how to realize the electrical tuning on single nanoparticles is still a challenge.
Combining optical nanoantennas with atomically thin WS2 may be another method to realize dynamic optical responses. Atomically thin WS2 (monolayer or bilayer) exhibits intriguing electrical and optical properties [16, 17, 18]. Monolayer WS2 shows strong excitonic emission peak at visible wavelengths; however, ultrathin thickness hinders further enhancement of excitonic emission. Near-field enhancements at excitation wavelengths can enhance the light absorbance, while that at emission wavelengths would boost the emission rate, so those two factors both enhance the excitonic emission from WS2. Based on it, many efforts have been made to realize field enhancements via plasmonic nanostructures and photonic crystals at both excitation and emission wavelengths.
Silicon nanoantennas as a typical dielectric Mie resonator have wide application prospect in building metasurfaces [19, 20, 21], nonlinear optics [22], and biosensing [23]. They may be better choice than plasmonic structures and photonic crystals in building electrically controlled devices. The Mie resonances in silicon nanoantennas can be modulated through changing the sizes [24, 25] or crystallographic phases [20] passively. However, how to realize active control based on the Mie resonances in silicon nanocavities is still a challenge. Besides changing the optical properties of Mie resonators intrinsically, active tuning may also be realized via coupling with 2D materials. Neshev et al. have theoretically demonstrated the PL modulation of 2D materials based on the directional emission caused by Mie resonators [26]. Recently, the first experimental work has been done, in which a forward-to-backward emission ratio of 20 was realized because of the interaction between MoS2 monolayer and Mie resonators [27]. However, both of them were analyzed on passive control.
In this chapter, we will discuss the applications of silicon-based Mie resonators into electro-optical modulation. This chapter can be divided into two parts:
First, we demonstrated the electrically tunable scattering of a single silicon nanoparticle at visible wavelengths. To build the nanoantennas, gold interdigital electrodes with separation distances between 100 and 200 nm were fabricated using photolithography and focused ion beam (FIB) milling. After trapping silicon nanoparticles with different sizes between adjacent two electrodes, the scattering spectra under different voltages can be measured. Interestingly, the scattering experiences blueshift and obvious intensity attenuation when increasing the applied voltages from 0 to 1.5 V. In theory, MIS (metal-insulator-semiconductor) junctions can be formed at Au-SiO2-Si interfaces [28]. Once the bias voltage increases, the inversion and accumulation effect would produce much more free carriers at interfaces [29, 30, 31] and then change the permittivity based on Drude model [32, 33]. The proposed hybrid nanoantennas represent a new method to build optoelectronic devices based on Mie resonators.
Second, we combined silicon nanostripes, a typical Mie resonator, with WS2 to realize active PL manipulation. In the proposed electro-optical modulator, suspended monolayer and bilayer WS2 are covered on a Si nanostripe. The Si nanostripe not only acts as a nanoscale gate electrode but also a Mie resonator. For both monolayer and bilayer WS2, the PL intensities on the nanostripes are much stronger than those of the suspended one. After applying gate voltages, both the electrostatic doping and strain come into effect. This new tuning mechanism leads to abnormal control of exciton emission from WS2, which is clearly different from that in previous works [34, 35, 36]. Considerable PL tuning can also be observed in bilayer WS2 gated by Si nanostripes. Based on the modulation capability, we believe the proposed electro-optical modulator will bring new possibilities for future nanophotonic devices.
In order to build an electrically controlled silicon nanoantenna, the biggest issue is how to apply voltage on a single nanoparticle and collect the electrically modulated signals with low noise. The design of electrically tunable silicon nanoantenna is shown in Figure 1a. First, maskless laser lithography and electron-beam deposition were used to fabricate Au electrodes with the thickness of 100 nm on the Si/SiO2 substrate, and the thickness of SiO2 layer is 300 nm. In our design, several large Au electrodes (200 × 400 μm) are deposited with a row of holes in the center. Second, the connected area in the center was nano-patterned using FIB milling to form nanoscale interdigital electrode structure. The separation distance between adjacent nano-electrodes is adjusted from 100 to 200 nm to match the size distributions of silicon nanoparticles, since the silicon nanoparticles fabricated through femtosecond laser ablation in liquid (fs-LAL) have a wide size distribution. Finally, during the evaporation process, the silicon nanoparticles in colloid have a certain probability to be trapped in the gaps.
Optical properties of the silicon nanoantenna. (a) A schematic diagram explains the fabrication of Au electrode-loaded Si nanoparticles. (b) The schematic shows different plasmon resonant modes of two types Au electrodes. (c) The scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of Au interdigital electrodes with a silicon NP trapped among them. Inset is the high magnification SEM image with a scale bar of 100 nm. (d) The dark-field scattering image of the sample in (c). The white circle reveals the location of Si nanoparticles. (e, f) Measured scattering spectrum of a 180 nm Si nanoparticle (e) and the corresponding simulated scattering spectrum (f). (g) The electric and magnetic field distributions at 675 nm, which represent the hybrid modes coupling between localized plasmon and magnetic dipole.
Before studying the optical properties of Si-Au hybrid nanoantennas, we should study the Au electrode platform first. For the fabricated Au grating, due to the incident light that comes from a dark-field circle in the objective, wave vectors with different directions at x-y plane cannot launch surface plasmon polariton efficiently. In addition, the plasmon energy mainly decays nonradiatively through near-field coupling between adjacent Au electrodes, so Au gratings cannot show bright scattering as shown in Figure 1b. However, if only two electrodes left (see Figure 1b), localized surface plasmon can be formed between two Au electrodes. Strong scattering light can be generated from the plasmonic field enhancement in the gap. Therefore, we use Au grating in experiment whose scattering can be ignored compared with Si nanoparticles. Typical Au electrode-loaded Si nanoparticles are shown in Figure 1c and d, where a bright dot can be seen in dark-field image which means the scattering from the Si nanoantenna. In spectral measurement, through moving the scattering spot into the center of slit and only extracting the data from the location of nanoparticle, the exact scattering from the Si nanoparticle can be obtained.
For isolated Si nanoparticles, the resonant modes depend on particle sizes and particle numbers according to Mie theory. While for Au electrode-loaded Si nanoparticles, the mode coupling between nanoparticles and Au electrodes also needs to be considered. The hybrid nanoantennas may exhibit different scattering spectra at visible wavelengths. Therefore, it is necessary to study the scattering spectra without applied voltage first. Although self-assembled process is random, desirable and representative nanoparticles can be found through matching and positioning. Figure 1e shows 180 nm Si nanoparticles between two Au electrodes with a spacing slightly less than 180 nm. The measured scattering spectra exhibits a single broad peak around
The electrical properties of the Si-Au hybrid devices were measured using a semiconductor parameter analyzer. The measured I-V curve is shown in Figure 2a, and we can conclude that the Si-Au interfaces can be regarded as Schottky junctions. From 0 to 1.5 V, the current increases nonlinearly with the voltage. For the fabricated Si nanoparticles, thin oxide (1–2 nm) shells will be formed inevitably in the air. Therefore, the interfaces are MIS junctions whose current is generated through tunnel effect and plasmon hot electron injection. For MIS junctions, the band bends upward at interfaces when no voltage applies as the schematic diagram shown in Figure 2b. Depletion region forms at the interfaces and free carriers move away from interfaces based on the band bending [29]. With applied bias, surface potential at two interfaces increases. The carrier concentration at the MIS junction under lower potential was greatly increased because the downward energy band realizes the accumulation of electrons. The other MIS junction under higher potential could form an inversion layer if the applied voltage is high enough. When the intrinsic energy level crosses the Fermi level [29, 30, 31], the hole density would greatly increase under the inversion state. The charge densities at surface at different applied voltages can be estimated by the following equations [29]
Analysis on the voltage-induced carrier injection. (a) The I-V curve of a fabricated Si-Au hybrid structure. (b) Schemes for the band bending and carrier distribution with and without applied voltage. (c) The Raman spectrum of a loaded nanoparticle before and after applied voltage (1.5 V).
where
To examine whether the mechanism discussed above could affect the optical properties significantly, the scattering spectra of the typical silicon nanoantenna with applied bias were presented in Figure 3a. To ensure stability, all scattering data were collected in 1 min during the increase of voltage from 0 to 1.5 V. Because the interfaces of the fabricated hybrid nanoantenna are symmetric, we only need to collect the scattering spectra under forward bias which is enough to embody the properties of hybrid nanoantennas. For a typical hybrid nanoantenna as shown in Figure 3a with a 180 nm Si nanoparticle, we can observe the suppression of hybrid plasmon-Mie resonant peaks when increasing the voltages. The magnetic dipole peak was dominated when no voltage applies. However, when applied voltage reaches 1.5 V, the electric dipole peak at shorter wavelength becomes the more prominent one.
Electrically controlled scattering. (a) Scattering spectra of the 180 nm Si nanoparticles when applied voltages equal to 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 V. (b) The variation trend of the real part of permittivity at Au-SiO2-Si interfaces when increasing the carrier concentrations. (c) The calculated scattering spectra of the 180 nm Si nanoparticle under different carrier concentrations at interfaces.
As discussed above, different applied voltages result in different free carrier concentrations of Si nanoparticles. Further, we should clarify how carrier injection influences the dielectric function of silicon. The modulation mechanism is based on free carrier-induced refractive index change. Although electric field cannot change the refractive index of bulk silicon or whole silicon nanostructures significantly as previous works reported [39], obvious refractive index modification can be realized at accumulation and inversion interfaces. From the field profiles, one can understand the refractive index change on surface is enough to change optical responses because field enhancements and radiative decays mainly come from interfaces. How free carriers contribute to the refractive index change at interfaces can be described by the Drude model
where
Owing to the unique properties of dielectric Mie resonators, researchers are trying to use Mie resonators as an important building block to form new-generation electro-optical modulators. One strategy is to combine Mie resonators with 2D materials as the schematic shown in Figure 4a. WS2 monolayers and bilayers were obtained by mechanical exfoliation and all-dry transfer technique. WS2 layers and Si nanostripes were aligned and contacted under an optical microscope. Si nanostripes were fabricated by FIB milling onto SiO2 coated silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers. Gold electrodes were patterned and deposited on WS2 and bare silicon to build source, drain, and gate. A simple cross-section schematic of the substrate in Figure 4a shows that there is an insulator layer between the Si substrate and the top Si film. Therefore, the scattering from Si nanostripes is not only pure Mie effect but the Mie resonance combined with the Fabry-Perot effect. In our case, the thickness of the insulator layer (h) is 375 nm. The dark-field scattering spectrum and the corresponding optical image in Figure 1b indicate that Si nanostripes have a broadband resonant peak. Dominant peaks are located around 700 nm, and two small peaks can also be distinguished below
Experimental design for the WS2-Si nanostripe hybrid structure. (a) Schematic illustration of the electrically controlled device and the cross section of the SiO2-coated SOI substrate. (b) Dark-field backward scattering of the fabricated Si nanostripe. Inset: The dark-field optical image. (c) The bright-field optical image of a typical device. Monolayer and bilayer regions are labeled as 1L and 2L. (d) The corresponding SEM image.
Figure 5a indicates different locations we measured on bilayer and monolayer WS2. From the PL emission spectra of monolayer WS2 as shown in Figure 5b, one can conclude Si nanostripes can increase the PL intensities but less than threefold compared with that in the suspended region. It should be noticed that the unpatterned region can also enhance the PL intensity and the enhancement performance is better than that on the Si nanostripe. For bilayer WS2, the PL enhancement is much more significant as shown in Figure 5c. The bilayer WS2 on the Si nanostripe possesses nearly 10 times larger PL intensities than the suspended area. Interestingly, this PL enhancement was only observed at
PL enhancements in monolayer and bilayer WS2. (a) The optical image showing the detection points on monolayer (M) and bilayer (B) WS2. (b, c) PL spectra of different positions marked in (a). The locations of exciton (A) and trion (A−) states are labeled, along with the range of Mie resonant modes (marked by red stripe).
Realizing the electrical tuning is crucial for further application. To examine the electrical tuning performance, first, PL intensities of monolayer WS2 under different voltages were measured as shown in Figure 6a. When applying negative gate voltages from 0 to −10 V, the maximum PL intensity increases by 50%. On the contrary, the intensity of the PL peak decreases to half under positive gate voltages from 0 to 10 V. Compared with the normal WS2 monolayer gated by the flat gate [34, 35, 36], the PL enhancement effect is weaker, while the reduction effect is more obvious. This phenomenon indicates that the tuning effect is not pure electrostatic doping and there should be a new mechanism. PL changes of the bilayer WS2 under different voltages were also measured as shown in Figure 6b and c. Unexpectedly, the variation trends under positive and negative gate voltages are almost the same. The maximum PL intensity doubled when increasing the gate voltage from 0 to 10 V. Several groups have studied the electrically controlled PL of bilayer WS2, while no obvious effect has been observed [34, 35, 36]. Therefore, the obvious PL enhancement we observed may not arise from pure electrostatic doping. The gate voltage dependent intensity of excitonic peak is plotted in Figure 6d. The PL intensity of monolayer WS2 increases linearly with gate voltage, while the PL intensity of bilayer WS2 and the gate voltage follow a parabolic relationship.
Electrically controlled PL. (a) PL spectra of the monolayer WS2 on the Si nanostripe at different gate voltages. (b, c) PL spectra of the bilayer WS2 on the Si nanostripe at different gate voltages. (d) The gate voltage dependence of PL intensities.
How to explain the abnormal PL manipulation in the proposed hybrid nanoantennas? The schematic shown in Figure 7a may give a better understanding. When placing WS2 flakes on the Si nanostripe, there are three regions that experience different forces. The first part is WS2 on the Si nanostripe, the second part is WS2 near the edges of Si nanostripes, and the third part is fully suspended WS2. If the applied voltage is high enough, a great number of holes and electrons will be produced at WS2 layers and bottom Si nanostructures, respectively. Besides the electrostatic doping, the static electric field can also produce attractive forces. As shown in Figure 7a, there are three types of attractive forces F1, F2, and F3 which depend on different distances and capacitances. F1 is the attractive force between adherent WS2 and Si nanostripe through the 30 nm insulator layer. F2 is the attractive force between suspended WS2 around edges and the Si nanostripe. F2 at edges equals to F1 and decreases gradually away from the Si nanostripe, so this force will let WS2 at edges be curved and exert a large uniaxial tensile strain on WS2. The electrostatic attraction between the suspended WS2 and bottom Si (F3) is much weaker which can be ignored because of a larger distance and smaller capacitance. The deflection of few layer WS2
Mechanism of electrical tuning. (a) Schematic setup showing how tensile strain can be generated by electrostatic gating. F1, F2, and F3 represent three types of electrostatic forces. (b) Schematic diagram showing the changes of band structure and dominated transitions before and after applying strain.
where
Based on the calculation above, the strain
From the above analysis, we know that Mie resonators such as Si nanoparticles can combine with plasmonic nano-electrodes to obtain electrically controlled optical responses, and Mie resonators such as Si nanostripes can also interact with WS2 layers to realize abnormal electro-optical modulation based on electrostatic doping and strain effect. Further, it is necessary to utilize the unique properties of Mie resonators and analyze their application prospect in biosensing.
As we know, plasmonic nanostructures have been widely used in biosensing. Plasmon resonances experience redshift when increasing the surrounding refractive index, which is the most basic mechanism of biosensing. Dielectric Mie resonators have low-loss feature and strong directional scattering which also have a potential as biosensing nanoantennas. However, based on current reports and our experiments, we found the optical responses of single silicon nanostructures such as Si nanoparticles cannot exhibit obvious change when changing the surrounding refractive index. Therefore, the biosensor based on a single Si nanoparticle is insensitive.
Fortunately, we found the scattering spectra become very sensitive to surrounding refractive index if single Si nanoparticles combine to dimers or other oligomers. Based on our theoretical analysis, touching Si nanoparticles can produce strong electric field enhancement in the gap. This gap electric mode is a key factor for sensitive spectral change, because the gap electric mode would enhance and experience redshift with the increase of surrounding refractive index. As talked above, 1–2 nm silica layer is naturally grown on Si nanoparticles. Based on the mature biomarker technique, we can easily modify the silica surface with specific functional groups and realize the detection of many kinds of biomolecules. Furtherly, Si nanoparticles can be injected into living cells to realize the sensing in vivo. Finally, we can combine the biosensing and optoelectronic property of Mie resonators to build new type biosensors. On the one hand, biomolecules can change the electrical properties of dielectric nanostructures and then influence the optical signals. On the other hand, biomolecules can change the optical properties of nanoantennas and furtherly influence the electrical readout.
In this chapter, we have introduced the electrically controlled scattering of individual Mie resonators and PL from the WS2-Mie resonator hybrid system. The strong magnetic responses and low-loss feature make silicon-based Mie resonators become important building blocks in nanophotonics. Combining top-down and bottom-up fabrication methods, plasmon-Mie hybrid nanostructures and WS2-Mie hybrid nanostructures are fabricated, respectively. These structures give us an opportunity to apply voltages at nanoscale and collect the optical signals at single points. Interfaces are important in those hybrid nanodevices. The interfaces between plasmonic structures and Mie resonators bring new mechanism on carrier injection and changes of refractive index, while the contact between WS2 and Mie resonator generates unique PL active tuning arising from the synergistic effect between electrical doping and tensile strain under gate voltages. In the emerging applications based on dielectric Mie resonators, our findings provide an important and feasible method to build optoelectronic functional devices that can transfer electrical signal to optical signal. Furthermore, the excellent biosensing performance will expand the applications of Mie resonator-based optoelectronic devices.
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11774135, 11874183, and 61827822).
",metaTitle:"Open Access Statement",metaDescription:"Book chapters published in edited volumes are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC BY 3.0)",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"/page/open-access-statement/",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"
License
\\n\\nBook Chapters published in edited volumes are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC BY 3.0). IntechOpen maintains a very flexible Copyright Policy that ensures that there is no copyright transfer to the publisher. Therefore, Authors retain exclusive copyright to their work. All Monographs are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) and journal articles are distributed under a Creative Commons 4.0 International Licence.
\\n\\n\\n\\nFormats
\\n\\nBased on your preferences and the stage of your scientific projects, you have multiple options for publishing your scientific research with IntechOpen:
\\n\\nPeer Review Policies
\\n\\nAll scientific Works are subject to Peer Review prior to publishing.
\\n\\n\\n\\nCosts
\\n\\nThe Open Access publishing model followed by IntechOpen eliminates subscription charges and pay-per-view fees, thus enabling readers to access research at no cost to themselves. In order to sustain these operations, and keep our publications freely accessible, we levy an Open Access Publishing Fee on all manuscripts accepted for publication to help cover the costs of editorial work and the production of books.
\\n\\n\\n\\nDigital Archiving Policy
\\n\\nIntechOpen is dedicated to ensuring the long-term preservation and availability of the scholarly research it publishes.
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'License
\n\nBook Chapters published in edited volumes are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC BY 3.0). IntechOpen maintains a very flexible Copyright Policy that ensures that there is no copyright transfer to the publisher. Therefore, Authors retain exclusive copyright to their work. All Monographs are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) and journal articles are distributed under a Creative Commons 4.0 International Licence.
\n\n\n\nFormats
\n\nBased on your preferences and the stage of your scientific projects, you have multiple options for publishing your scientific research with IntechOpen:
\n\nPeer Review Policies
\n\nAll scientific Works are subject to Peer Review prior to publishing.
\n\n\n\nCosts
\n\nThe Open Access publishing model followed by IntechOpen eliminates subscription charges and pay-per-view fees, thus enabling readers to access research at no cost to themselves. In order to sustain these operations, and keep our publications freely accessible, we levy an Open Access Publishing Fee on all manuscripts accepted for publication to help cover the costs of editorial work and the production of books.
\n\n\n\nDigital Archiving Policy
\n\nIntechOpen is dedicated to ensuring the long-term preservation and availability of the scholarly research it publishes.
\n'}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{},profiles:[{id:"396",title:"Dr.",name:"Vedran",middleName:null,surname:"Kordic",slug:"vedran-kordic",fullName:"Vedran Kordic",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/396/images/7281_n.png",biography:"After obtaining his Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering he continued his education at the Vienna University of Technology where he obtained his PhD degree in 2004. He worked as a researcher at the Automation and Control Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology until 2008. His studies in robotics lead him not only to a PhD degree but also inspired him to co-found and build the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems - world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"441",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Jaekyu",middleName:null,surname:"Park",slug:"jaekyu-park",fullName:"Jaekyu Park",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/441/images/1881_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"LG Corporation (South Korea)",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"465",title:"Dr",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Martens",slug:"christian-martens",fullName:"Christian Martens",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"479",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",middleName:null,surname:"Colla",slug:"valentina-colla",fullName:"Valentina Colla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/479/images/358_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies",country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"494",title:"PhD",name:"Loris",middleName:null,surname:"Nanni",slug:"loris-nanni",fullName:"Loris Nanni",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/494/images/system/494.jpg",biography:"Loris Nanni received his Master Degree cum laude on June-2002 from the University of Bologna, and the April 26th 2006 he received his Ph.D. in Computer Engineering at DEIS, University of Bologna. On September, 29th 2006 he has won a post PhD fellowship from the university of Bologna (from October 2006 to October 2008), at the competitive examination he was ranked first in the industrial engineering area. He extensively served as referee for several international journals. He is author/coauthor of more than 100 research papers. He has been involved in some projects supported by MURST and European Community. His research interests include pattern recognition, bioinformatics, and biometric systems (fingerprint classification and recognition, signature verification, face recognition).",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"496",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Leon",slug:"carlos-leon",fullName:"Carlos Leon",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Seville",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"512",title:"Dr.",name:"Dayang",middleName:null,surname:"Jawawi",slug:"dayang-jawawi",fullName:"Dayang Jawawi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Technology Malaysia",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"528",title:"Dr.",name:"Kresimir",middleName:null,surname:"Delac",slug:"kresimir-delac",fullName:"Kresimir Delac",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/528/images/system/528.jpg",biography:"K. Delac received his B.Sc.E.E. degree in 2003 and is currentlypursuing a Ph.D. degree at the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering andComputing. His current research interests are digital image analysis, pattern recognition andbiometrics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Zagreb",country:{name:"Croatia"}}},{id:"557",title:"Dr.",name:"Andon",middleName:"Venelinov",surname:"Topalov",slug:"andon-topalov",fullName:"Andon Topalov",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/557/images/1927_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Andon V. Topalov received the MSc degree in Control Engineering from the Faculty of Information Systems, Technologies, and Automation at Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGGU) in 1979. He then received his PhD degree in Control Engineering from the Department of Automation and Remote Control at Moscow State Mining University (MGSU), Moscow, in 1984. From 1985 to 1986, he was a Research Fellow in the Research Institute for Electronic Equipment, ZZU AD, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. In 1986, he joined the Department of Control Systems, Technical University of Sofia at the Plovdiv campus, where he is presently a Full Professor. He has held long-term visiting Professor/Scholar positions at various institutions in South Korea, Turkey, Mexico, Greece, Belgium, UK, and Germany. And he has coauthored one book and authored or coauthored more than 80 research papers in conference proceedings and journals. His current research interests are in the fields of intelligent control and robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Technical University of Sofia",country:{name:"Bulgaria"}}},{id:"585",title:"Prof.",name:"Munir",middleName:null,surname:"Merdan",slug:"munir-merdan",fullName:"Munir Merdan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/585/images/system/585.jpg",biography:"Munir Merdan received the M.Sc. degree in mechanical engineering from the Technical University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, in 2009.Since 2005, he has been at the Automation and Control Institute, Vienna University of Technology, where he is currently a Senior Researcher. His research interests include the application of agent technology for achieving agile control in the manufacturing environment.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"605",title:"Prof",name:"Dil",middleName:null,surname:"Hussain",slug:"dil-hussain",fullName:"Dil Hussain",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/605/images/system/605.jpg",biography:"Dr. Dil Muhammad Akbar Hussain is a professor of Electronics Engineering & Computer Science at the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University Denmark. Professor Akbar has a Master degree in Digital Electronics from Govt. College University, Lahore Pakistan and a P-hD degree in Control Engineering from the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Sussex United Kingdom. Aalborg University has Two Satellite Campuses, one in Copenhagen (Aalborg University Copenhagen) and the other in Esbjerg (Aalborg University Esbjerg).\n· He is a member of prestigious IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and IAENG (International Association of Engineers) organizations. \n· He is the chief Editor of the Journal of Software Engineering.\n· He is the member of the Editorial Board of International Journal of Computer Science and Software Technology (IJCSST) and International Journal of Computer Engineering and Information Technology. \n· He is also the Editor of Communication in Computer and Information Science CCIS-20 by Springer.\n· Reviewer For Many Conferences\nHe is the lead person in making collaboration agreements between Aalborg University and many universities of Pakistan, for which the MOU’s (Memorandum of Understanding) have been signed.\nProfessor Akbar is working in Academia since 1990, he started his career as a Lab demonstrator/TA at the University of Sussex. After finishing his P. hD degree in 1992, he served in the Industry as a Scientific Officer and continued his academic career as a visiting scholar for a number of educational institutions. In 1996 he joined National University of Science & Technology Pakistan (NUST) as an Associate Professor; NUST is one of the top few universities in Pakistan. In 1999 he joined an International Company Lineo Inc, Canada as Manager Compiler Group, where he headed the group for developing Compiler Tool Chain and Porting of Operating Systems for the BLACKfin processor. The processor development was a joint venture by Intel and Analog Devices. In 2002 Lineo Inc., was taken over by another company, so he joined Aalborg University Denmark as an Assistant Professor.\nProfessor Akbar has truly a multi-disciplined career and he continued his legacy and making progress in many areas of his interests both in teaching and research. He has contributed in stochastic estimation of control area especially, in the Multiple Target Tracking and Interactive Multiple Model (IMM) research, Ball & Beam Control Problem, Robotics, Levitation Control. He has contributed in developing Algorithms for Fingerprint Matching, Computer Vision and Face Recognition. He has been supervising Pattern Recognition, Formal Languages and Distributed Processing projects for several years. He has reviewed many books on Management, Computer Science. Currently, he is an active and permanent reviewer for many international conferences and symposia and the program committee member for many international conferences.\nIn teaching he has taught the core computer science subjects like, Digital Design, Real Time Embedded System Programming, Operating Systems, Software Engineering, Data Structures, Databases, Compiler Construction. In the Engineering side, Digital Signal Processing, Computer Architecture, Electronics Devices, Digital Filtering and Engineering Management.\nApart from his Academic Interest and activities he loves sport especially, Cricket, Football, Snooker and Squash. He plays cricket for Esbjerg city in the second division team as an opener wicket keeper batsman. He is a very good player of squash but has not played squash since his arrival in Denmark.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"611",title:"Prof.",name:"T",middleName:null,surname:"Nagarajan",slug:"t-nagarajan",fullName:"T Nagarajan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Teknologi Petronas",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:6581},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:5888},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:2381},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:12507},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:1006},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:17528}],offset:12,limit:12,total:132501},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{hasNoEditors:"0",sort:"-dateEndThirdStepPublish",topicId:"9,16"},books:[{type:"book",id:"12104",title:"Viral Outbreaks - Global Trends and Perspectives",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"60828f26feed5832a47a13caac706c08",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Shailendra K. Saxena",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12104.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"158026",title:"Prof.",name:"Shailendra K.",surname:"Saxena",slug:"shailendra-k.-saxena",fullName:"Shailendra K. Saxena"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12108",title:"Clinical Trials - Recent Advances",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"79472fc7310e9655a881c6d2ad7128b0",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Xianli Lv",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12108.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"153155",title:"Dr.",name:"Xianli",surname:"Lv",slug:"xianli-lv",fullName:"Xianli Lv"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11872",title:"Peripheral Arterial Disease - The Challenges of Revascularization",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"80be3d16e4c8f89f3501ed408729f695",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Ana Terezinha Guillaumon, Dr. Daniel Emilio Dalledone Siqueira and Dr. Martin Geiger",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11872.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"251226",title:"Prof.",name:"Ana Terezinha",surname:"Guillaumon",slug:"ana-terezinha-guillaumon",fullName:"Ana Terezinha Guillaumon"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11849",title:"Allergic Disease - New Developments in Diagnosis and Therapy",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"8143d42f6db2a6e7e23c330f0d54a277",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Öner Özdemir",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11849.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"62921",title:"Dr.",name:"Öner",surname:"Özdemir",slug:"oner-ozdemir",fullName:"Öner Özdemir"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12199",title:"Medical and Surgical Retina - Recent Innovation, New Perspective, and Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"bfdb779637b935e05ea48b8d65cd027c",slug:null,bookSignature:"M.D. Giuseppe Lo Giudice",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12199.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"87607",title:"M.D.",name:"Giuseppe",surname:"Lo Giudice",slug:"giuseppe-lo-giudice",fullName:"Giuseppe Lo Giudice"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11584",title:"Migraine Research",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"44a6090845f971a215ddf013f1dc2027",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Theodoros Mavridis, Dr. Georgios Vavougios and Associate Prof. Dimos-Dimitrios Mitsikostas",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11584.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"320230",title:"Dr.",name:"Theodoros",surname:"Mavridis",slug:"theodoros-mavridis",fullName:"Theodoros Mavridis"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11733",title:"Injury and Sports Medicine",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"e2fdeca45129f6d5ba446f502c5a6373",slug:null,bookSignature:"M.D. Thomas Wojda and Dr. Stanislaw P. Stawicki",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11733.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"415286",title:"M.D.",name:"Thomas",surname:"Wojda",slug:"thomas-wojda",fullName:"Thomas Wojda"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11831",title:"Novel Topics in the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Follow-Up of Nephritis, Nephrotic Syndrome, and Nephrosis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"738f177168051e90f566ddc7c23b0862",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Hulya Çiçek, Dr. Mustafa Yıldırım, Dr. Necat Yilmaz and Dr. Mehmet Solakhan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11831.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"466717",title:"Prof.",name:"Hulya",surname:"Çiçek",slug:"hulya-cicek",fullName:"Hulya Çiçek"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11706",title:"Forensic and Legal Medicine - State of the Art, Practical Applications and New Perspectives",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"b0514220e40dc2f90b1dcd0445248b72",slug:null,bookSignature:"Ph.D. Roberto Scendoni and Dr. Francesco De Micco",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11706.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"333983",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Roberto",surname:"Scendoni",slug:"roberto-scendoni",fullName:"Roberto Scendoni"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11875",title:"Body Contouring - Surgical Procedures and New Technologies",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"dd85673e99f920afa1a794c71357599a",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Alexandro Aguilera",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11875.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"162339",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexandro",surname:"Aguilera",slug:"alexandro-aguilera",fullName:"Alexandro Aguilera"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11876",title:"Esophageal Surgery - Current Principles and Advances",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"9592bd7a6a3809cdc6a66f6100233aaa",slug:null,bookSignature:"M.D. Andrea Sanna",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11876.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"327116",title:"M.D.",name:"Andrea",surname:"Sanna",slug:"andrea-sanna",fullName:"Andrea Sanna"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11839",title:"Assisted Reproductive Technologies - Current Practices and New Perspectives",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"4a171468ca00ae2c47f7f5cd0f3b90a4",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Iavor K. Vladimirov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11839.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"253947",title:"Dr.",name:"Iavor K.",surname:"Vladimirov",slug:"iavor-k.-vladimirov",fullName:"Iavor K. Vladimirov"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:41},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:20},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:20},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:15},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:59},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:27},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:122},{group:"topic",caption:"Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials",value:17,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:10},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:4}],offset:12,limit:12,total:142},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10584",title:"Engineered Wood Products for Construction",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"421757c56a3735986055250821275a51",slug:"engineered-wood-products-for-construction",bookSignature:"Meng Gong",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10584.jpg",editors:[{id:"274242",title:"Dr.",name:"Meng",middleName:null,surname:"Gong",slug:"meng-gong",fullName:"Meng Gong"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10222",title:"Demyelination Disorders",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b6c26ceccacdde70c41c587361bd5558",slug:"demyelination-disorders",bookSignature:"Stavros J. Baloyannis, Fabian H. Rossi and Welwin Liu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10222.jpg",editors:[{id:"156098",title:"Emeritus Prof.",name:"Stavros J.",middleName:"J.",surname:"Baloyannis",slug:"stavros-j.-baloyannis",fullName:"Stavros J. Baloyannis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9544",title:"Global Trade in the Emerging Business Environment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fb8cb09b9599246add78d508a98273d5",slug:"global-trade-in-the-emerging-business-environment",bookSignature:"Muhammad Mohiuddin, Jingbin Wang , Md. Samim Al Azad and Selim Ahmed",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9544.jpg",editors:[{id:"418514",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Mohiuddin",slug:"muhammad-mohiuddin",fullName:"Muhammad Mohiuddin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10979",title:"Parenting",subtitle:"Challenges of Child Rearing in a Changing Society",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6f345ebcf4fd61e73643c69063a12c7b",slug:"parenting-challenges-of-child-rearing-in-a-changing-society",bookSignature:"Sayyed Ali Samadi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10979.jpg",editors:[{id:"52145",title:"Dr.",name:"Sayyed Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Samadi",slug:"sayyed-ali-samadi",fullName:"Sayyed Ali Samadi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9808",title:"Contemporary Topics in Patient Safety",subtitle:"Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fb6371607c2c6c02c6a2af8892765aba",slug:"contemporary-topics-in-patient-safety-volume-1",bookSignature:"Stanislaw P. Stawicki and Michael S. Firstenberg",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9808.jpg",editors:[{id:"181694",title:"Dr.",name:"Stanislaw P.",middleName:null,surname:"Stawicki",slug:"stanislaw-p.-stawicki",fullName:"Stanislaw P. Stawicki"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10681",title:"Biodegradation Technology of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9a6e10e02788092872fd249436898e97",slug:"biodegradation-technology-of-organic-and-inorganic-pollutants",bookSignature:"Kassio Ferreira Mendes, Rodrigo Nogueira de Sousa and Kamila Cabral Mielke",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10681.jpg",editors:[{id:"197720",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Kassio",middleName:null,surname:"Ferreira Mendes",slug:"kassio-ferreira-mendes",fullName:"Kassio Ferreira Mendes"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10764",title:"Antenna Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2fbf1c7a5d92723f08198fc9b526a8ad",slug:"antenna-systems",bookSignature:"Hussain Al-Rizzo and Said Abushamleh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10764.jpg",editors:[{id:"153384",title:"Prof.",name:"Hussain",middleName:null,surname:"Al-Rizzo",slug:"hussain-al-rizzo",fullName:"Hussain Al-Rizzo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10668",title:"Sustainability of Concrete With Synthetic and Recycled Aggregates",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"55856c6a8bc3a5b21dae5a1af09a56b6",slug:"sustainability-of-concrete-with-synthetic-and-recycled-aggregates",bookSignature:"Hosam M. Saleh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10668.jpg",editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam",middleName:null,surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-saleh",fullName:"Hosam Saleh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10803",title:"Reactive Oxygen Species",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"176adcf090fdd1f93cb8ce3146e79ca1",slug:"reactive-oxygen-species",bookSignature:"Rizwan Ahmad",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10803.jpg",editors:[{id:"40482",title:null,name:"Rizwan",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"rizwan-ahmad",fullName:"Rizwan Ahmad"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9032",title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f609bf3251d7cc7bae0099a4374adfc3",slug:"corporate-social-responsibility",bookSignature:"Beatrice Orlando",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9032.jpg",editors:[{id:"232969",title:"Prof.",name:"Beatrice",middleName:null,surname:"Orlando",slug:"beatrice-orlando",fullName:"Beatrice Orlando"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10351",title:"Enhanced Liposuction",subtitle:"New Perspectives and Techniques",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f08ed6de16da357614586c5b58ed4dfa",slug:"enhanced-liposuction-new-perspectives-and-techniques",bookSignature:"Diane Irvine Duncan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10351.jpg",editors:[{id:"279869",title:"Dr.",name:"Diane Irvine",middleName:null,surname:"Duncan",slug:"diane-irvine-duncan",fullName:"Diane Irvine Duncan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10779",title:"21st Century Nanostructured Materials",subtitle:"Physics, Chemistry, Classification, and Emerging Applications in Industry, Biomedicine, and Agriculture",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"72c67f97f9bef68200df115b5fd79884",slug:"21st-century-nanostructured-materials-physics-chemistry-classification-and-emerging-applications-in-industry-biomedicine-and-agriculture",bookSignature:"Phuong V. Pham",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10779.jpg",editors:[{id:"236073",title:"Dr.",name:"Phuong",middleName:"Viet",surname:"Pham",slug:"phuong-pham",fullName:"Phuong Pham"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:4386},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10584",title:"Engineered Wood Products for Construction",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"421757c56a3735986055250821275a51",slug:"engineered-wood-products-for-construction",bookSignature:"Meng Gong",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10584.jpg",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3665,editors:[{id:"274242",title:"Dr.",name:"Meng",middleName:null,surname:"Gong",slug:"meng-gong",fullName:"Meng Gong"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10222",title:"Demyelination Disorders",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b6c26ceccacdde70c41c587361bd5558",slug:"demyelination-disorders",bookSignature:"Stavros J. Baloyannis, Fabian H. Rossi and Welwin Liu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10222.jpg",publishedDate:"May 4th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1713,editors:[{id:"156098",title:"Emeritus Prof.",name:"Stavros J.",middleName:"J.",surname:"Baloyannis",slug:"stavros-j.-baloyannis",fullName:"Stavros J. Baloyannis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9544",title:"Global Trade in the Emerging Business Environment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fb8cb09b9599246add78d508a98273d5",slug:"global-trade-in-the-emerging-business-environment",bookSignature:"Muhammad Mohiuddin, Jingbin Wang , Md. Samim Al Azad and Selim Ahmed",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9544.jpg",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2481,editors:[{id:"418514",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Mohiuddin",slug:"muhammad-mohiuddin",fullName:"Muhammad Mohiuddin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10979",title:"Parenting",subtitle:"Challenges of Child Rearing in a Changing Society",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6f345ebcf4fd61e73643c69063a12c7b",slug:"parenting-challenges-of-child-rearing-in-a-changing-society",bookSignature:"Sayyed Ali Samadi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10979.jpg",publishedDate:"May 4th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1107,editors:[{id:"52145",title:"Dr.",name:"Sayyed Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Samadi",slug:"sayyed-ali-samadi",fullName:"Sayyed Ali Samadi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9808",title:"Contemporary Topics in Patient Safety",subtitle:"Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fb6371607c2c6c02c6a2af8892765aba",slug:"contemporary-topics-in-patient-safety-volume-1",bookSignature:"Stanislaw P. Stawicki and Michael S. Firstenberg",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9808.jpg",publishedDate:"April 20th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3307,editors:[{id:"181694",title:"Dr.",name:"Stanislaw P.",middleName:null,surname:"Stawicki",slug:"stanislaw-p.-stawicki",fullName:"Stanislaw P. Stawicki"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10681",title:"Biodegradation Technology of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9a6e10e02788092872fd249436898e97",slug:"biodegradation-technology-of-organic-and-inorganic-pollutants",bookSignature:"Kassio Ferreira Mendes, Rodrigo Nogueira de Sousa and Kamila Cabral Mielke",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10681.jpg",publishedDate:"April 20th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3266,editors:[{id:"197720",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Kassio",middleName:null,surname:"Ferreira Mendes",slug:"kassio-ferreira-mendes",fullName:"Kassio Ferreira Mendes"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10764",title:"Antenna Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2fbf1c7a5d92723f08198fc9b526a8ad",slug:"antenna-systems",bookSignature:"Hussain Al-Rizzo and Said Abushamleh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10764.jpg",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1868,editors:[{id:"153384",title:"Prof.",name:"Hussain",middleName:null,surname:"Al-Rizzo",slug:"hussain-al-rizzo",fullName:"Hussain Al-Rizzo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10668",title:"Sustainability of Concrete With Synthetic and Recycled Aggregates",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"55856c6a8bc3a5b21dae5a1af09a56b6",slug:"sustainability-of-concrete-with-synthetic-and-recycled-aggregates",bookSignature:"Hosam M. Saleh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10668.jpg",publishedDate:"May 4th 2022",numberOfDownloads:856,editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam",middleName:null,surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-saleh",fullName:"Hosam Saleh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10803",title:"Reactive Oxygen Species",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"176adcf090fdd1f93cb8ce3146e79ca1",slug:"reactive-oxygen-species",bookSignature:"Rizwan Ahmad",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10803.jpg",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1704,editors:[{id:"40482",title:null,name:"Rizwan",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"rizwan-ahmad",fullName:"Rizwan Ahmad"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9032",title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f609bf3251d7cc7bae0099a4374adfc3",slug:"corporate-social-responsibility",bookSignature:"Beatrice Orlando",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9032.jpg",publishedDate:"March 16th 2022",numberOfDownloads:7489,editors:[{id:"232969",title:"Prof.",name:"Beatrice",middleName:null,surname:"Orlando",slug:"beatrice-orlando",fullName:"Beatrice Orlando"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8737",title:"Rabies Virus at the Beginning of 21st Century",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"49cce3f548da548c718c865feb343509",slug:"rabies-virus-at-the-beginning-of-21st-century",bookSignature:"Sergey Tkachev",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8737.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"61139",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergey",middleName:null,surname:"Tkachev",slug:"sergey-tkachev",fullName:"Sergey Tkachev"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10861",title:"Furan Derivatives",subtitle:"Recent Advances and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fdfc39cecd82f91b0effac994f75c877",slug:"furan-derivatives-recent-advances-and-applications",bookSignature:"Anish Khan, Mohammed Muzibur Rahman, M. Ramesh, Salman Ahmad Khan and Abdullah Mohammed Ahmed Asiri",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10861.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"293058",title:"Dr.",name:"Anish",middleName:null,surname:"Khan",slug:"anish-khan",fullName:"Anish Khan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10356",title:"Natural Medicinal Plants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"943e56ccaaf19ff696d25aa638ae37d6",slug:"natural-medicinal-plants",bookSignature:"Hany A. El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10356.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",middleName:null,surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10870",title:"Ultrasound Imaging",subtitle:"Current Topics",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2f0bc3733ab226d67fa73759ef0e12ad",slug:"ultrasound-imaging-current-topics",bookSignature:"Felix Okechukwu Erondu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10870.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"68312",title:"Prof.",name:"Felix",middleName:null,surname:"Okechukwu Erondu",slug:"felix-okechukwu-erondu",fullName:"Felix Okechukwu Erondu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11392",title:"Leadership in a Changing World",subtitle:"A Multidimensional Perspective",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"86a6d33cf601587e591064ce92effc02",slug:"leadership-in-a-changing-world-a-multidimensional-perspective",bookSignature:"Muhammad Mohiuddin, Bilal Khalid, Md. Samim Al Azad and Slimane Ed-dafali",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11392.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"418514",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Mohiuddin",slug:"muhammad-mohiuddin",fullName:"Muhammad Mohiuddin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10400",title:"The Application of Ant Colony Optimization",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f4fdfd07ee1ab99fb7c740d6d0c144c6",slug:"the-application-of-ant-colony-optimization",bookSignature:"Ali Soofastaei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10400.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"257455",title:"Dr.",name:"Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Soofastaei",slug:"ali-soofastaei",fullName:"Ali Soofastaei"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10915",title:"Leadership",subtitle:"New Insights",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0d72e79892f2a020cee66a52d09de5a4",slug:"leadership-new-insights",bookSignature:"Mário Franco",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10915.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"105529",title:"Dr.",name:"Mário",middleName:null,surname:"Franco",slug:"mario-franco",fullName:"Mário Franco"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10683",title:"Technological Innovations and Advances in Hydropower Engineering",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7ce7ad8768bd2cad155470fe1fd883f4",slug:"technological-innovations-and-advances-in-hydropower-engineering",bookSignature:"Yizi Shang, Ling Shang and Xiaofei Li",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10683.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"349630",title:"Dr.",name:"Yizi",middleName:null,surname:"Shang",slug:"yizi-shang",fullName:"Yizi Shang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7102",title:"Pneumonia",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9fd70142814192dcec58a176749f1b60",slug:"pneumonia",bookSignature:"Nima Rezaei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7102.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"116250",title:"Dr.",name:"Nima",middleName:null,surname:"Rezaei",slug:"nima-rezaei",fullName:"Nima Rezaei"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9670",title:"Current Trends in Wheat Research",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"89d795987f1747a76eee532700d2093d",slug:"current-trends-in-wheat-research",bookSignature:"Mahmood-ur-Rahman Ansari",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9670.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"185476",title:"Dr.",name:"Mahmood-ur-Rahman",middleName:null,surname:"Ansari",slug:"mahmood-ur-rahman-ansari",fullName:"Mahmood-ur-Rahman Ansari"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"832",title:"Agriculture Engineering",slug:"earth-science-agriculture-engineering",parent:{id:"125",title:"Earth Science",slug:"earth-science"},numberOfBooks:1,numberOfSeries:0,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:54,numberOfWosCitations:58,numberOfCrossrefCitations:15,numberOfDimensionsCitations:60,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicId:"832",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"480",title:"Evapotranspiration",subtitle:"From Measurements to Agricultural and Environmental Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4735bbf66c0f21af0b4ac128140bd3fd",slug:"evapotranspiration-from-measurements-to-agricultural-and-environmental-applications",bookSignature:"Giacomo Gerosa",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/480.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"43539",title:"Dr.",name:"Giacomo",middleName:"Al.",surname:"Gerosa",slug:"giacomo-gerosa",fullName:"Giacomo Gerosa"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:1,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"22702",doi:"10.5772/23470",title:"Greenhouse Crop Transpiration Modelling",slug:"greenhouse-crop-transpiration-modelling",totalDownloads:4039,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:11,abstract:null,book:{id:"480",slug:"evapotranspiration-from-measurements-to-agricultural-and-environmental-applications",title:"Evapotranspiration",fullTitle:"Evapotranspiration - From Measurements to Agricultural and Environmental Applications"},signatures:"Nikolaos Katsoulas and Constantinos Kittas",authors:[{id:"52150",title:"Prof.",name:"Constantinos",middleName:null,surname:"Kittas",slug:"constantinos-kittas",fullName:"Constantinos Kittas"},{id:"54858",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Nikolaos",middleName:null,surname:"Katsoulas",slug:"nikolaos-katsoulas",fullName:"Nikolaos Katsoulas"}]},{id:"22696",doi:"10.5772/17060",title:"Evapotranspiration and Crop Water Stress Index in Mexican Husk Tomatoes (Physalis ixocarpa Brot)",slug:"evapotranspiration-and-crop-water-stress-index-in-mexican-husk-tomatoes-physalis-ixocarpa-brot-",totalDownloads:3055,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:8,abstract:null,book:{id:"480",slug:"evapotranspiration-from-measurements-to-agricultural-and-environmental-applications",title:"Evapotranspiration",fullTitle:"Evapotranspiration - From Measurements to Agricultural and Environmental Applications"},signatures:"Rutilo López- López, Ramón Arteaga Ramírez, Ignacio Sánchez-Cohen, Waldo Ojeda Bustamante and Victor González-Lauck",authors:[{id:"27133",title:"Dr.",name:"Rutilo",middleName:null,surname:"López",slug:"rutilo-lopez",fullName:"Rutilo López"},{id:"29809",title:"Dr.",name:"Ramón",middleName:null,surname:"Arteaga Ramírez",slug:"ramon-arteaga-ramirez",fullName:"Ramón Arteaga Ramírez"},{id:"29810",title:"Dr.",name:"Victor",middleName:null,surname:"González Lauck",slug:"victor-gonzalez-lauck",fullName:"Victor González Lauck"},{id:"29811",title:"Dr.",name:"Ignacio",middleName:null,surname:"Sánchez Cohen",slug:"ignacio-sanchez-cohen",fullName:"Ignacio Sánchez Cohen"},{id:"83440",title:"Dr.",name:"Waldo",middleName:null,surname:"Ojeda-Bustamante",slug:"waldo-ojeda-bustamante",fullName:"Waldo Ojeda-Bustamante"}]},{id:"22690",doi:"10.5772/18352",title:"Daily Crop Evapotranspiration, Crop Coefficient and Energy Balance Components of a Surface-Irrigated Maize Field",slug:"daily-crop-evapotranspiration-crop-coefficient-and-energy-balance-components-of-a-surface-irrigated-",totalDownloads:3038,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:8,abstract:null,book:{id:"480",slug:"evapotranspiration-from-measurements-to-agricultural-and-environmental-applications",title:"Evapotranspiration",fullTitle:"Evapotranspiration - From Measurements to Agricultural and Environmental Applications"},signatures:"José O. Payero and Suat Irmak",authors:[{id:"16997",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose O.",middleName:null,surname:"Payero",slug:"jose-o.-payero",fullName:"Jose O. Payero"},{id:"84779",title:"Dr.",name:"Suat",middleName:null,surname:"Irmak",slug:"suat-irmak",fullName:"Suat Irmak"}]},{id:"22700",doi:"10.5772/18697",title:"Modelling Evapotranspiration of Container Crops for Irrigation Scheduling",slug:"modelling-evapotranspiration-of-container-crops-for-irrigation-scheduling",totalDownloads:3205,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:6,abstract:null,book:{id:"480",slug:"evapotranspiration-from-measurements-to-agricultural-and-environmental-applications",title:"Evapotranspiration",fullTitle:"Evapotranspiration - From Measurements to Agricultural and Environmental Applications"},signatures:"Laura Bacci, Piero Battista, Mariateresa Cardarelli, Giulia Carmassi, Youssef Rouphael, Luca Incrocci, Fernando Malorgio, Alberto Pardossi, Bernardo Rapi and Giuseppe Colla",authors:[{id:"32277",title:"Dr.",name:"Laura",middleName:null,surname:"Bacci",slug:"laura-bacci",fullName:"Laura Bacci"},{id:"32299",title:"Dr.",name:"Piero",middleName:null,surname:"Battista",slug:"piero-battista",fullName:"Piero Battista"},{id:"32300",title:"Dr.",name:"Giulia",middleName:null,surname:"Carmassi",slug:"giulia-carmassi",fullName:"Giulia Carmassi"},{id:"32301",title:"Dr.",name:"Giuseppe",middleName:null,surname:"Colla",slug:"giuseppe-colla",fullName:"Giuseppe Colla"},{id:"32302",title:"Dr.",name:"Luca",middleName:null,surname:"Incrocci",slug:"luca-incrocci",fullName:"Luca Incrocci"},{id:"32303",title:"Dr.",name:"Fernando",middleName:null,surname:"Malorgio",slug:"fernando-malorgio",fullName:"Fernando Malorgio"},{id:"32304",title:"Prof.",name:"Alberto",middleName:null,surname:"Pardossi",slug:"alberto-pardossi",fullName:"Alberto Pardossi"},{id:"32305",title:"Mr",name:"Bernardo",middleName:null,surname:"Rapi",slug:"bernardo-rapi",fullName:"Bernardo Rapi"},{id:"43795",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria Teresa",middleName:null,surname:"Cardarelli",slug:"maria-teresa-cardarelli",fullName:"Maria Teresa Cardarelli"},{id:"83348",title:"Dr.",name:"Youssef",middleName:null,surname:"Rouphael",slug:"youssef-rouphael",fullName:"Youssef Rouphael"}]},{id:"22695",doi:"10.5772/18311",title:"Crop Evapotranspiration and Irrigation Scheduling in Blueberry",slug:"crop-evapotranspiration-and-irrigation-scheduling-in-blueberry",totalDownloads:3697,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:4,abstract:null,book:{id:"480",slug:"evapotranspiration-from-measurements-to-agricultural-and-environmental-applications",title:"Evapotranspiration",fullTitle:"Evapotranspiration - From Measurements to Agricultural and Environmental Applications"},signatures:"David R. Bryla",authors:[{id:"31067",title:"Dr.",name:"David",middleName:null,surname:"Bryla",slug:"david-bryla",fullName:"David Bryla"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"22706",title:"The Evapotranspiration in Climate Classification",slug:"the-evapotranspiration-in-climate-classification",totalDownloads:8082,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:3,abstract:null,book:{id:"480",slug:"evapotranspiration-from-measurements-to-agricultural-and-environmental-applications",title:"Evapotranspiration",fullTitle:"Evapotranspiration - From Measurements to Agricultural and Environmental Applications"},signatures:"Antonio Ribeiro da Cunha and Edgar Ricardo Schöffel",authors:[{id:"30377",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio Ribeiro Da",middleName:null,surname:"Cunha",slug:"antonio-ribeiro-da-cunha",fullName:"Antonio Ribeiro Da Cunha"},{id:"46598",title:"Dr.",name:"Edgar Ricardo",middleName:null,surname:"Schöffel",slug:"edgar-ricardo-schoffel",fullName:"Edgar Ricardo Schöffel"}]},{id:"22694",title:"Evapotranspiration and Water Management for Crop Production",slug:"evapotranspiration-and-water-management-for-crop-production",totalDownloads:4263,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:3,abstract:null,book:{id:"480",slug:"evapotranspiration-from-measurements-to-agricultural-and-environmental-applications",title:"Evapotranspiration",fullTitle:"Evapotranspiration - From Measurements to Agricultural and Environmental Applications"},signatures:"André Pereira and Luiz Pires",authors:[{id:"17291",title:"Dr.",name:"Andre",middleName:"Belmont",surname:"Pereira",slug:"andre-pereira",fullName:"Andre Pereira"},{id:"54133",title:"Prof.",name:"Luiz",middleName:null,surname:"Pires",slug:"luiz-pires",fullName:"Luiz Pires"}]},{id:"22693",title:"Evapotranspiration and Transpiration Measurements in Crops and Weed Species by the Bowen Ratio and Sapflow Methods Under the Rainless Region Conditions",slug:"evapotranspiration-and-transpiration-measurements-in-crops-and-weed-species-by-the-bowen-ratio-and-s",totalDownloads:2810,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:null,book:{id:"480",slug:"evapotranspiration-from-measurements-to-agricultural-and-environmental-applications",title:"Evapotranspiration",fullTitle:"Evapotranspiration - From Measurements to Agricultural and Environmental Applications"},signatures:"J. Pivec, V. Brant and K. Hamouzová",authors:[{id:"27554",title:"Dr.",name:"Jan",middleName:null,surname:"Pivec",slug:"jan-pivec",fullName:"Jan Pivec"},{id:"41370",title:"Dr.",name:"Václav",middleName:null,surname:"Brant",slug:"vaclav-brant",fullName:"Václav Brant"},{id:"41371",title:"Dr.",name:"Kateřina",middleName:null,surname:"Hamouzová",slug:"katerina-hamouzova",fullName:"Kateřina Hamouzová"}]},{id:"22700",title:"Modelling Evapotranspiration of Container Crops for Irrigation Scheduling",slug:"modelling-evapotranspiration-of-container-crops-for-irrigation-scheduling",totalDownloads:3205,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:6,abstract:null,book:{id:"480",slug:"evapotranspiration-from-measurements-to-agricultural-and-environmental-applications",title:"Evapotranspiration",fullTitle:"Evapotranspiration - From Measurements to Agricultural and Environmental Applications"},signatures:"Laura Bacci, Piero Battista, Mariateresa Cardarelli, Giulia Carmassi, Youssef Rouphael, Luca Incrocci, Fernando Malorgio, Alberto Pardossi, Bernardo Rapi and Giuseppe Colla",authors:[{id:"32277",title:"Dr.",name:"Laura",middleName:null,surname:"Bacci",slug:"laura-bacci",fullName:"Laura Bacci"},{id:"32299",title:"Dr.",name:"Piero",middleName:null,surname:"Battista",slug:"piero-battista",fullName:"Piero Battista"},{id:"32300",title:"Dr.",name:"Giulia",middleName:null,surname:"Carmassi",slug:"giulia-carmassi",fullName:"Giulia Carmassi"},{id:"32301",title:"Dr.",name:"Giuseppe",middleName:null,surname:"Colla",slug:"giuseppe-colla",fullName:"Giuseppe Colla"},{id:"32302",title:"Dr.",name:"Luca",middleName:null,surname:"Incrocci",slug:"luca-incrocci",fullName:"Luca Incrocci"},{id:"32303",title:"Dr.",name:"Fernando",middleName:null,surname:"Malorgio",slug:"fernando-malorgio",fullName:"Fernando Malorgio"},{id:"32304",title:"Prof.",name:"Alberto",middleName:null,surname:"Pardossi",slug:"alberto-pardossi",fullName:"Alberto Pardossi"},{id:"32305",title:"Mr",name:"Bernardo",middleName:null,surname:"Rapi",slug:"bernardo-rapi",fullName:"Bernardo Rapi"},{id:"43795",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria Teresa",middleName:null,surname:"Cardarelli",slug:"maria-teresa-cardarelli",fullName:"Maria Teresa Cardarelli"},{id:"83348",title:"Dr.",name:"Youssef",middleName:null,surname:"Rouphael",slug:"youssef-rouphael",fullName:"Youssef Rouphael"}]},{id:"22704",title:"Evapotranspiration of Woody Landscape Plants",slug:"evapotranspiration-of-woody-landscape-plants",totalDownloads:1653,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:null,book:{id:"480",slug:"evapotranspiration-from-measurements-to-agricultural-and-environmental-applications",title:"Evapotranspiration",fullTitle:"Evapotranspiration - From Measurements to Agricultural and Environmental Applications"},signatures:"Richard C. Beeson",authors:[{id:"32481",title:"Dr.",name:"Richard",middleName:null,surname:"Beeson",slug:"richard-beeson",fullName:"Richard Beeson"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"832",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:8,limit:8,total:0},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:87,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:98,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:27,numberOfPublishedChapters:286,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:9,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:139,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:129,numberOfOpenTopics:0,numberOfUpcomingTopics:2,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:105,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:101,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:11,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:0,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:9,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}},{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",issn:"2632-0517",scope:"Paralleling similar advances in the medical field, astounding advances occurred in Veterinary Medicine and Science in recent decades. These advances have helped foster better support for animal health, more humane animal production, and a better understanding of the physiology of endangered species to improve the assisted reproductive technologies or the pathogenesis of certain diseases, where animals can be used as models for human diseases (like cancer, degenerative diseases or fertility), and even as a guarantee of public health. Bridging Human, Animal, and Environmental health, the holistic and integrative “One Health” concept intimately associates the developments within those fields, projecting its advancements into practice. This book series aims to tackle various animal-related medicine and sciences fields, providing thematic volumes consisting of high-quality significant research directed to researchers and postgraduates. It aims to give us a glimpse into the new accomplishments in the Veterinary Medicine and Science field. By addressing hot topics in veterinary sciences, we aim to gather authoritative texts within each issue of this series, providing in-depth overviews and analysis for graduates, academics, and practitioners and foreseeing a deeper understanding of the subject. Forthcoming texts, written and edited by experienced researchers from both industry and academia, will also discuss scientific challenges faced today in Veterinary Medicine and Science. In brief, we hope that books in this series will provide accessible references for those interested or working in this field and encourage learning in a range of different topics.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/13.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"May 14th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:9,editor:{id:"38652",title:"Dr.",name:"Rita",middleName:null,surname:"Payan-Carreira",slug:"rita-payan-carreira",fullName:"Rita Payan-Carreira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRiFPQA0/Profile_Picture_1614601496313",biography:"Rita Payan Carreira earned her Veterinary Degree from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1985. She obtained her Ph.D. in Veterinary Sciences from the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal. After almost 32 years of teaching at the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, she recently moved to the University of Évora, Department of Veterinary Medicine, where she teaches in the field of Animal Reproduction and Clinics. Her primary research areas include the molecular markers of the endometrial cycle and the embryo–maternal interaction, including oxidative stress and the reproductive physiology and disorders of sexual development, besides the molecular determinants of male and female fertility. She often supervises students preparing their master's or doctoral theses. She is also a frequent referee for various journals.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Évora",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:0,paginationItems:[]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:0,paginationItems:[]},overviewPagePublishedBooks:{paginationCount:0,paginationItems:[]},openForSubmissionBooks:{paginationCount:7,paginationItems:[{id:"11476",title:"Globalization and Sustainability - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Emerging Issues",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11476.jpg",hash:"8d41fa5f3a5da07469bbc121594bfd3e",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"March 24th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"335401",title:"Prof.",name:"Margherita",surname:"Mori",slug:"margherita-mori",fullName:"Margherita Mori"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11460",title:"Pluralistic Approaches for Conservation and Sustainability in Biodiversity",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11460.jpg",hash:"ab014f8ed1669757335225786833e9a9",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"April 22nd 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"101105",title:"Dr.",name:"Gopal",surname:"Shukla",slug:"gopal-shukla",fullName:"Gopal Shukla"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11475",title:"Food Security Challenges and Approaches",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11475.jpg",hash:"090302a30e461cee643ec49675c811ec",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"May 5th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"292145",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",surname:"Haseeb Ahmad",slug:"muhammad-haseeb-ahmad",fullName:"Muhammad Haseeb Ahmad"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11450",title:"Environmental Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on the World",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11450.jpg",hash:"a58c7b02d07903004be70f744f2e1835",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"May 10th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"63465",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohamed Nageeb",surname:"Rashed",slug:"mohamed-nageeb-rashed",fullName:"Mohamed Nageeb Rashed"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11477",title:"Public Economics - New Perspectives and Uncertainty",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11477.jpg",hash:"a8e6c515dc924146fbd2712eb4e7d118",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,submissionDeadline:"May 27th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"414400",title:"Dr.",name:"Habtamu",surname:"Alem",slug:"habtamu-alem",fullName:"Habtamu Alem"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11457",title:"Forest Degradation Under Global Change",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11457.jpg",hash:"8df7150b01ae754024c65d1a62f190d9",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,submissionDeadline:"June 1st 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"317087",title:"Dr.",name:"Pavel",surname:"Samec",slug:"pavel-samec",fullName:"Pavel Samec"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11474",title:"Quality of Life Interventions - Magnitude of Effect and Transferability",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11474.jpg",hash:"5a6bcdaf5ee144d043bcdab893ff9e1c",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,submissionDeadline:"June 2nd 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"245319",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sage",surname:"Arbor",slug:"sage-arbor",fullName:"Sage Arbor"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:17,paginationItems:[{id:"81751",title:"NanoBioSensors: From Electrochemical Sensors Improvement to Theranostic Applications",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102552",signatures:"Anielle C.A. Silva, Eliete A. Alvin, Lais S. de Jesus, Caio C.L. de França, Marílya P.G. da Silva, Samaysa L. Lins, Diógenes Meneses, Marcela R. Lemes, Rhanoica O. Guerra, Marcos V. da Silva, Carlo J.F. de Oliveira, Virmondes Rodrigues Junior, Renata M. Etchebehere, Fabiane C. de Abreu, Bruno G. Lucca, Sanívia A.L. Pereira, Rodrigo C. Rosa and Noelio O. Dantas",slug:"nanobiosensors-from-electrochemical-sensors-improvement-to-theranostic-applications",totalDownloads:1,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"81766",title:"Evolution of Organoids in Oncology",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104251",signatures:"Allen Thayakumar Basanthakumar, Janitha Chandrasekhar Darlybai and Jyothsna Ganesh",slug:"evolution-of-organoids-in-oncology",totalDownloads:0,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Organoids",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11430.jpg",subseries:null}},{id:"81678",title:"Developmental Studies on Practical Enzymatic Phosphate Ion Biosensors and Microbial BOD Biosensors, and New Insights into the Future Perspectives of These Biosensor Fields",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104377",signatures:"Hideaki Nakamura",slug:"developmental-studies-on-practical-enzymatic-phosphate-ion-biosensors-and-microbial-bod-biosensors-a",totalDownloads:3,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Hideaki",surname:"Nakamura"}],book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"81547",title:"Organoids and Commercialization",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104706",signatures:"Anubhab Mukherjee, Aprajita Sinha, Maheshree Maibam, Bharti Bisht and Manash K. Paul",slug:"organoids-and-commercialization",totalDownloads:26,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Organoids",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11430.jpg",subseries:null}},{id:"81412",title:"Mathematical Morphology and the Heart Signals",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104113",signatures:"Taouli Sidi Ahmed",slug:"mathematical-morphology-and-the-heart-signals",totalDownloads:17,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"81360",title:"Deep Learning Algorithms for Efficient Analysis of ECG Signals to Detect Heart Disorders",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103075",signatures:"Sumagna Dey, Rohan Pal and Saptarshi Biswas",slug:"deep-learning-algorithms-for-efficient-analysis-of-ecg-signals-to-detect-heart-disorders",totalDownloads:29,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"81294",title:"Applications of Neural Organoids in Neurodevelopment and Regenerative Medicine",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104044",signatures:"Jing Gong, Jiahui Kang, Minghui Li, Xiao Liu, Jun Yang and Haiwei Xu",slug:"applications-of-neural-organoids-in-neurodevelopment-and-regenerative-medicine",totalDownloads:23,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Organoids",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11430.jpg",subseries:null}},{id:"81318",title:"Retinal Organoids over the Decade",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104258",signatures:"Jing Yuan and Zi-Bing Jin",slug:"retinal-organoids-over-the-decade",totalDownloads:37,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Organoids",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11430.jpg",subseries:null}},{id:"81068",title:"Characteristic Profiles of Heart Rate Variability in Depression and Anxiety",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104205",signatures:"Toshikazu Shinba",slug:"characteristic-profiles-of-heart-rate-variability-in-depression-and-anxiety",totalDownloads:20,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"80691",title:"Applications of Quantum Mechanics, Laws of Classical Physics, and Differential Calculus to Evaluate Source Localization According to the Electroencephalogram",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102831",signatures:"Kristin S. Williams",slug:"applications-of-quantum-mechanics-laws-of-classical-physics-and-differential-calculus-to-evaluate-so",totalDownloads:7,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}}]},subseriesFiltersForOFChapters:[{caption:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics",value:7,count:13,group:"subseries"}],publishedBooks:{paginationCount:9,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"8737",title:"Rabies Virus at the Beginning of 21st Century",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8737.jpg",slug:"rabies-virus-at-the-beginning-of-21st-century",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Sergey Tkachev",hash:"49cce3f548da548c718c865feb343509",volumeInSeries:9,fullTitle:"Rabies Virus at the Beginning of 21st Century",editors:[{id:"61139",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergey",middleName:null,surname:"Tkachev",slug:"sergey-tkachev",fullName:"Sergey Tkachev",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/61139/images/system/61139.png",institutionString:"Russian Academy of Sciences",institution:{name:"Russian Academy of Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Russia"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"10496",title:"Advanced Studies in the 21st Century Animal Nutrition",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10496.jpg",slug:"advanced-studies-in-the-21st-century-animal-nutrition",publishedDate:"December 8th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"László Babinszky, Juliana Oliveira and Edson Mauro Santos",hash:"8ffe43a82ac48b309abc3632bbf3efd0",volumeInSeries:8,fullTitle:"Advanced Studies in the 21st Century Animal Nutrition",editors:[{id:"53998",title:"Prof.",name:"László",middleName:null,surname:"Babinszky",slug:"laszlo-babinszky",fullName:"László Babinszky",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/53998/images/system/53998.png",institutionString:"University of Debrecen",institution:{name:"University of Debrecen",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Hungary"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"10497",title:"Canine Genetics, Health and Medicine",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10497.jpg",slug:"canine-genetics-health-and-medicine",publishedDate:"June 2nd 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Catrin Rutland",hash:"b91512e31ce34032e560362e6cbccc1c",volumeInSeries:7,fullTitle:"Canine Genetics, Health and Medicine",editors:[{id:"202192",title:"Dr.",name:"Catrin",middleName:null,surname:"Rutland",slug:"catrin-rutland",fullName:"Catrin Rutland",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Nottingham",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8545",title:"Animal Reproduction in Veterinary Medicine",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8545.jpg",slug:"animal-reproduction-in-veterinary-medicine",publishedDate:"January 20th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Faruk Aral, Rita Payan-Carreira and Miguel Quaresma",hash:"13aaddf5fdbbc78387e77a7da2388bf6",volumeInSeries:6,fullTitle:"Animal Reproduction in Veterinary Medicine",editors:[{id:"25600",title:"Prof.",name:"Faruk",middleName:null,surname:"Aral",slug:"faruk-aral",fullName:"Faruk Aral",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/25600/images/system/25600.jpg",institutionString:"Independent Researcher",institution:{name:"Harran University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9081",title:"Equine Science",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9081.jpg",slug:"equine-science",publishedDate:"September 23rd 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Catrin Rutland and Albert Rizvanov",hash:"ac415ef2f5450fa80fdb9cf6cf32cd2d",volumeInSeries:5,fullTitle:"Equine Science",editors:[{id:"202192",title:"Dr.",name:"Catrin",middleName:null,surname:"Rutland",slug:"catrin-rutland",fullName:"Catrin Rutland",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Nottingham",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8460",title:"Reproductive Biology and Technology in Animals",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8460.jpg",slug:"reproductive-biology-and-technology-in-animals",publishedDate:"April 15th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Juan Carlos Gardón Poggi and Katy Satué Ambrojo",hash:"32ef5fe73998dd723d308225d756fa1e",volumeInSeries:4,fullTitle:"Reproductive Biology and Technology in Animals",editors:[{id:"251314",title:"Dr.",name:"Juan Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Gardón",slug:"juan-carlos-gardon",fullName:"Juan Carlos Gardón",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/251314/images/system/251314.jpeg",institutionString:"Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Spain",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8524",title:"Lactation in Farm Animals",subtitle:"Biology, Physiological Basis, Nutritional Requirements, and Modelization",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8524.jpg",slug:"lactation-in-farm-animals-biology-physiological-basis-nutritional-requirements-and-modelization",publishedDate:"January 22nd 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Naceur M'Hamdi",hash:"2aa2a9a0ec13040bbf0455e34625504e",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Lactation in Farm Animals - Biology, Physiological Basis, Nutritional Requirements, and Modelization",editors:[{id:"73376",title:"Dr.",name:"Naceur",middleName:null,surname:"M'Hamdi",slug:"naceur-m'hamdi",fullName:"Naceur M'Hamdi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/73376/images/system/73376.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7144",title:"Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7144.jpg",slug:"veterinary-anatomy-and-physiology",publishedDate:"March 13th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Catrin Sian Rutland and Valentina Kubale",hash:"75cdacb570e0e6d15a5f6e69640d87c9",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",editors:[{id:"202192",title:"Dr.",name:"Catrin",middleName:null,surname:"Rutland",slug:"catrin-rutland",fullName:"Catrin Rutland",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Nottingham",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7233",title:"New Insights into Theriogenology",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7233.jpg",slug:"new-insights-into-theriogenology",publishedDate:"December 5th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Rita Payan-Carreira",hash:"74f4147e3fb214dd050e5edd3aaf53bc",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"New Insights into Theriogenology",editors:[{id:"38652",title:"Dr.",name:"Rita",middleName:null,surname:"Payan-Carreira",slug:"rita-payan-carreira",fullName:"Rita Payan-Carreira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRiFPQA0/Profile_Picture_1614601496313",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Évora",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},subseriesFiltersForPublishedBooks:[{group:"subseries",caption:"Animal Nutrition",value:20,count:1},{group:"subseries",caption:"Animal Reproductive Biology and Technology",value:28,count:3},{group:"subseries",caption:"Animal Science",value:19,count:5}],publicationYearFilters:[{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2022",value:2022,count:1},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2021",value:2021,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2020",value:2020,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2019",value:2019,count:1},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2018",value:2018,count:1}],authors:{paginationCount:25,paginationItems:[{id:"429683",title:"Dr.",name:"Bilal",middleName:null,surname:"Khalid",slug:"bilal-khalid",fullName:"Bilal Khalid",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/429683/images/system/429683.png",biography:"Dr. Bilal Khalid received a Ph.D. in Industrial Business Administration from KMITL Business School, Bangkok, in 2021, and a master’s in International Business Management from Stamford International University, Bangkok, in 2017. Dr. Khalid\\'s research interests include leadership and negotiations, digital transformations, gamification, eLearning, blockchain, Big Data, and management of information technology. Dr. Bilal Khalid also serves as an academic editor at Education Research International and a reviewer for international journals.",institutionString:"KMITL Business School",institution:{name:"King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang",country:{name:"Thailand"}}},{id:"418514",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Mohiuddin",slug:"muhammad-mohiuddin",fullName:"Muhammad Mohiuddin",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000038UqSfQAK/Profile_Picture_2022-05-13T10:39:03.jpg",biography:"Dr. Muhammad Mohiuddin is an Associate Professor of International Business at Laval University, Canada. He has taught at Thompson Rivers University, Canada; University of Paris-Est, France; Osnabruck University of Applied Science, Germany; and Shanghai Institute of Technology and Tianjin University of Technology, China. He has published research in Research Policy, Applied Economics, Review of Economic Philosophy, Strategic Change, International Journal of Logistics, Sustainability, Journal of Environmental Management, Journal of Global Information Management, Journal of Cleaner Production, M@N@GEMENT, and more. He is a member of CEDIMES Institut (France), Academy of International Business (AIB), Strategic Management Society (SMS), Academy of Management (AOM), Administrative Science Association of Canada (ASAC), and Canadian council of small business and entrepreneurship (CCSBE). He is currently the director of the Research Group on Contemporary Asia (GERAC) at Laval University. He is also co-managing editor of Transnational Corporations Review and a guest editor for Electronic Commerce Research and Journal of Internet Technology.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Université Laval",country:{name:"Canada"}}},{id:"189147",title:"Dr.",name:"Hailan",middleName:null,surname:"Salamun",slug:"hailan-salamun",fullName:"Hailan Salamun",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/189147/images/19274_n.jpeg",biography:"Hailan Salamun, (Dr.) was born in Selangor, Malaysia and graduated from Tunku Ampuan Jamaah Religious High School at Shah Alam. Obtained a degree from the International Islamic University (UIA), Gombak in the field of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage. Next, I furthered my studies to the professional level to obtain a Diploma in Education at UIA. After serving for several years in school, I furthered my studies to the Master of Dakwah and Leadership at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi. I graduated with a Doctor of Philosophy in Principalship Leadership from the University of Malaya (UM) in 2010. I am currently a senior lecturer in the Department of Nationalism and Civilization, Center for Basic and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu. Prior to that, I had served in several educational institutions such as schools, the Institute of Teacher Education (IPG), and also the University of Malaya. I am also actively involved in paper presentation, writing and publishing. My research interests are focused on leadership, education, society and Islamic civilization. This area of research requires a detailed understanding of Islamic studies and research studies in leadership. Another research interest that I have explored recently is the politics of the Malay community and also the leadership of the mosque.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Malaysia Terengganu",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"442081",title:"Dr.",name:"Audrey",middleName:null,surname:"Addy",slug:"audrey-addy",fullName:"Audrey Addy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology",country:{name:"Ghana"}}},{id:"437993",title:"Mr.",name:"Job",middleName:null,surname:"Jackson",slug:"job-jackson",fullName:"Job Jackson",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Management College of Southern Africa",country:{name:"South Africa"}}},{id:"428495",title:"Prof.",name:"Asyraf",middleName:null,surname:"Ab Rahman",slug:"asyraf-ab-rahman",fullName:"Asyraf Ab Rahman",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Malaysia Terengganu",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"429650",title:"Dr.",name:"Jacqueline",middleName:null,surname:"Kareem",slug:"jacqueline-kareem",fullName:"Jacqueline Kareem",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Christ University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"421041",title:"Dr.",name:"Sunil",middleName:null,surname:"Kumar Ramdas",slug:"sunil-kumar-ramdas",fullName:"Sunil Kumar Ramdas",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Jain University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"421833",title:"Mr.",name:"Eugene",middleName:null,surname:"Owusu-Acheampong",slug:"eugene-owusu-acheampong",fullName:"Eugene Owusu-Acheampong",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Ghana",country:{name:"Ghana"}}},{id:"239876",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Luciana",middleName:null,surname:"Mourão",slug:"luciana-mourao",fullName:"Luciana Mourão",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Salgado de Oliveira",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"421735",title:"Dr.",name:"elizabeth",middleName:null,surname:"addy",slug:"elizabeth-addy",fullName:"elizabeth addy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"442083",title:"Dr.",name:"James",middleName:null,surname:"Addy",slug:"james-addy",fullName:"James Addy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"437991",title:"Prof.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Hoque",slug:"muhammad-hoque",fullName:"Muhammad Hoque",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421006",title:"Dr.",name:"Anna",middleName:null,surname:"Uster",slug:"anna-uster",fullName:"Anna Uster",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"470243",title:"Dr.",name:"Md Samim",middleName:null,surname:"Al Azad",slug:"md-samim-al-azad",fullName:"Md Samim Al Azad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"470244",title:"Dr.",name:"Slimane",middleName:null,surname:"Ed-dafali",slug:"slimane-ed-dafali",fullName:"Slimane Ed-dafali",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421011",title:"Dr.",name:"Afatakpa",middleName:null,surname:"Fortune",slug:"afatakpa-fortune",fullName:"Afatakpa Fortune",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"446057",title:"Mr.",name:"Okedare",middleName:null,surname:"David Olubukunmi",slug:"okedare-david-olubukunmi",fullName:"Okedare David Olubukunmi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421778",title:"Dr.",name:"Fatimah",middleName:"Saeed",surname:"AlAhmari",slug:"fatimah-alahmari",fullName:"Fatimah AlAhmari",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421024",title:"Prof.",name:"Harold Andrew",middleName:null,surname:"Patrick",slug:"harold-andrew-patrick",fullName:"Harold Andrew Patrick",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421065",title:"Ms.",name:"Euzália",middleName:null,surname:"do Rosário Botelho Tomé",slug:"euzalia-do-rosario-botelho-tome",fullName:"Euzália do Rosário Botelho Tomé",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421053",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Ken",middleName:null,surname:"Kalala Ndalamba",slug:"ken-kalala-ndalamba",fullName:"Ken Kalala Ndalamba",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421826",title:"Dr.",name:"Inusah",middleName:null,surname:"Salifu",slug:"inusah-salifu",fullName:"Inusah Salifu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"420823",title:"Prof.",name:"Gardênia da Silva",middleName:null,surname:"Abbad",slug:"gardenia-da-silva-abbad",fullName:"Gardênia da Silva Abbad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"437613",title:"MSc.",name:"Juliana",middleName:null,surname:"Legentil",slug:"juliana-legentil",fullName:"Juliana Legentil",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"12",type:"subseries",title:"Human Physiology",keywords:"Anatomy, Cells, Organs, Systems, Homeostasis, Functions",scope:"Human physiology is the scientific exploration of the various functions (physical, biochemical, and mechanical properties) of humans, their organs, and their constituent cells. The endocrine and nervous systems play important roles in maintaining homeostasis in the human body. Integration, which is the biological basis of physiology, is achieved through communication between the many overlapping functions of the human body's systems, which takes place through electrical and chemical means. Much of the basis of our knowledge of human physiology has been provided by animal experiments. Because of the close relationship between structure and function, studies in human physiology and anatomy seek to understand the mechanisms that help the human body function. The series on human physiology deals with the various mechanisms of interaction between the various organs, nerves, and cells in the human body.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/12.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!0,hasPublishedBooks:!0,annualVolume:11408,editor:{id:"195829",title:"Prof.",name:"Kunihiro",middleName:null,surname:"Sakuma",slug:"kunihiro-sakuma",fullName:"Kunihiro Sakuma",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/195829/images/system/195829.jpg",biography:"Professor Kunihiro Sakuma, Ph.D., currently works in the Institute for Liberal Arts at the Tokyo Institute of Technology. He is a physiologist working in the field of skeletal muscle. He was awarded his sports science diploma in 1995 by the University of Tsukuba and began his scientific work at the Department of Physiology, Aichi Human Service Center, focusing on the molecular mechanism of congenital muscular dystrophy and normal muscle regeneration. His interest later turned to the molecular mechanism and attenuating strategy of sarcopenia (age-related muscle atrophy). His opinion is to attenuate sarcopenia by improving autophagic defects using nutrient- and pharmaceutical-based treatments.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Tokyo Institute of Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:{id:"331519",title:"Dr.",name:"Kotomi",middleName:null,surname:"Sakai",slug:"kotomi-sakai",fullName:"Kotomi Sakai",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000031QtFXQA0/Profile_Picture_1637053227318",biography:"Senior researcher Kotomi Sakai, Ph.D., MPH, works at the Research Organization of Science and Technology in Ritsumeikan University. She is a researcher in the geriatric rehabilitation and public health field. She received Ph.D. from Nihon University and MPH from St.Luke’s International University. Her main research interest is sarcopenia in older adults, especially its association with nutritional status. Additionally, to understand how to maintain and improve physical function in older adults, to conduct studies about the mechanism of sarcopenia and determine when possible interventions are needed.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ritsumeikan University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},series:{id:"10",title:"Physiology",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",issn:"2631-8261"},editorialBoard:[{id:"213786",title:"Dr.",name:"Henrique P.",middleName:null,surname:"Neiva",slug:"henrique-p.-neiva",fullName:"Henrique P. Neiva",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/213786/images/system/213786.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Beira Interior",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"39275",title:"Prof.",name:"Herbert Ryan",middleName:null,surname:"Marini",slug:"herbert-ryan-marini",fullName:"Herbert Ryan Marini",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/39275/images/9459_n.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Messina",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"196218",title:"Dr.",name:"Pasquale",middleName:null,surname:"Cianci",slug:"pasquale-cianci",fullName:"Pasquale Cianci",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/196218/images/system/196218.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Foggia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:17,paginationItems:[{id:"81647",title:"Diabetes and Epigenetics",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104653",signatures:"Rasha A. Alhazzaa, Thomas Heinbockel and Antonei B. Csoka",slug:"diabetes-and-epigenetics",totalDownloads:9,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Epigenetics to Optogenetics - A New Paradigm in the Study of Biology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9672.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}},{id:"81099",title:"SK Channels and Heart Disease",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104115",signatures:"Katherine Zhong, Shawn Kant, Frank Sellke and Jun Feng",slug:"sk-channels-and-heart-disease",totalDownloads:16,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Ion Channels - From Basic Properties to Medical Treatment",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10838.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}},{id:"80967",title:"Hot on the Trail of Skin Inflammation: Focus on TRPV1/TRPV3 Channels in Psoriasis",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103792",signatures:"Lisa S. Martin, Emma Fraillon, Fabien P. Chevalier and Bérengère Fromy",slug:"hot-on-the-trail-of-skin-inflammation-focus-on-trpv1-trpv3-channels-in-psoriasis",totalDownloads:23,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Ion Channels - From Basic Properties to Medical Treatment",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10838.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}},{id:"80952",title:"TRPV Family Ion Channels in the Mammary Epithelium: Role in Normal Tissue Homeostasis and along Breast Cancer Progression",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103665",signatures:"Sari Susanna Tojkander",slug:"trpv-family-ion-channels-in-the-mammary-epithelium-role-in-normal-tissue-homeostasis-and-along-breas",totalDownloads:17,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Ion Channels - From Basic Properties to Medical Treatment",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10838.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}},{id:"80484",title:"The Use of Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC) to Study Ivermectin-Mediated Molecular Pathway Changes in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102092",signatures:"Na Li and Xianquan Zhan",slug:"the-use-of-stable-isotope-labeling-with-amino-acids-in-cell-culture-silac-to-study-ivermectin-mediat",totalDownloads:77,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Cell Culture - Advanced Technology and Applications in Medical and Life Sciences",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10797.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}},{id:"80157",title:"Structural Determinants for Ligand Accommodation in Voltage Sensors",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102094",signatures:"Abigail García-Morales, Aylin López-Palestino and Daniel Balleza",slug:"structural-determinants-for-ligand-accommodation-in-voltage-sensors",totalDownloads:84,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Ion Channels - From Basic Properties to Medical Treatment",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10838.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}},{id:"79690",title:"Mitochondrial Channels and their Role in Cardioprotection",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101127",signatures:"Keerti Mishra and Min Luo",slug:"mitochondrial-channels-and-their-role-in-cardioprotection",totalDownloads:84,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Ion Channels - From Basic Properties to Medical Treatment",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10838.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}},{id:"79031",title:"Isolation and Expansion of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells, Functional Assays and Long-Term Culture Associated Alterations of Cellular Properties",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100286",signatures:"Chenghai Li",slug:"isolation-and-expansion-of-mesenchymal-stem-stromal-cells-functional-assays-and-long-term-culture-as",totalDownloads:73,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Cell Culture - Advanced Technology and Applications in Medical and Life Sciences",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10797.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}},{id:"78960",title:"Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Cell Culture and Their Applications",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100382",signatures:"Sangeeta Ballav, Ankita Jaywant Deshmukh, Shafina Siddiqui, Jyotirmoi Aich and Soumya Basu",slug:"two-dimensional-and-three-dimensional-cell-culture-and-their-applications",totalDownloads:246,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Cell Culture - Advanced Technology and Applications in Medical and Life Sciences",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10797.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}},{id:"78812",title:"Nanotechnology Application and Intellectual Property Right Prospects of Mammalian Cell Culture",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99146",signatures:"Harikrishnareddy Rachamalla, Anubhab Mukherjee and Manash K. Paul",slug:"nanotechnology-application-and-intellectual-property-right-prospects-of-mammalian-cell-culture",totalDownloads:117,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,authors:null,book:{title:"Cell Culture - Advanced Technology and Applications in Medical and Life Sciences",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10797.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}},{id:"78274",title:"A Brief Concept of Cell Culture: Challenges, Prospects and Applications",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99387",signatures:"Md. Salauddin",slug:"a-brief-concept-of-cell-culture-challenges-prospects-and-applications",totalDownloads:169,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Cell Culture - Advanced Technology and Applications in Medical and Life Sciences",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10797.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}},{id:"78415",title:"Epigenetic",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99964",signatures:"Mehmet Ünal",slug:"epigenetic",totalDownloads:135,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Epigenetics to Optogenetics - A New Paradigm in the Study of Biology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9672.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}},{id:"77443",title:"Cyanobacterial Phytochromes in Optogenetics",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.97522",signatures:"Sivasankari Sivaprakasam, Vinoth Mani, Nagalakshmi Balasubramaniyan and David Ravindran Abraham",slug:"cyanobacterial-phytochromes-in-optogenetics",totalDownloads:183,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Epigenetics to Optogenetics - A New Paradigm in the Study of Biology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9672.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}},{id:"75979",title:"Spatiotemporal Regulation of Cell–Cell Adhesions",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.97009",signatures:"Brent M. Bijonowski",slug:"spatiotemporal-regulation-of-cell-cell-adhesions",totalDownloads:169,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Epigenetics to Optogenetics - A New Paradigm in the Study of Biology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9672.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}},{id:"76646",title:"Functional Mechanism of Proton Pump-Type Rhodopsins Found in Various Microorganisms as a Potential Effective Tool in Optogenetics",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.97589",signatures:"Jun Tamogami and Takashi Kikukawa",slug:"functional-mechanism-of-proton-pump-type-rhodopsins-found-in-various-microorganisms-as-a-potential-e",totalDownloads:196,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Epigenetics to Optogenetics - A New Paradigm in the Study of Biology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9672.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}},{id:"76510",title:"Evolution of Epigenome as the Blueprint for Carcinogenesis",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.97379",signatures:"Zeenat Farooq, Ambreen Shah, Mohammad Tauseef, Riyaz A. Rather and Mumtaz Anwar",slug:"evolution-of-epigenome-as-the-blueprint-for-carcinogenesis",totalDownloads:189,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Epigenetics to Optogenetics - A New Paradigm in the Study of Biology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9672.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}}]},publishedBooks:{paginationCount:6,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"9008",title:"Vitamin K",subtitle:"Recent Topics on the Biology and Chemistry",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9008.jpg",slug:"vitamin-k-recent-topics-on-the-biology-and-chemistry",publishedDate:"March 23rd 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Hiroyuki Kagechika and Hitoshi Shirakawa",hash:"8b43add5389ba85743e0a9491e4b9943",volumeInSeries:27,fullTitle:"Vitamin K - Recent Topics on the Biology and Chemistry",editors:[{id:"180528",title:"Dr.",name:"Hiroyuki",middleName:null,surname:"Kagechika",slug:"hiroyuki-kagechika",fullName:"Hiroyuki Kagechika",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/180528/images/system/180528.jpg",institutionString:"Tokyo Medical and Dental University",institution:{name:"Tokyo Medical and Dental University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9759",title:"Vitamin E in Health and Disease",subtitle:"Interactions, Diseases and Health Aspects",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9759.jpg",slug:"vitamin-e-in-health-and-disease-interactions-diseases-and-health-aspects",publishedDate:"October 6th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Pınar Erkekoglu and Júlia Scherer Santos",hash:"6c3ddcc13626110de289b57f2516ac8f",volumeInSeries:22,fullTitle:"Vitamin E in Health and Disease - Interactions, Diseases and Health Aspects",editors:[{id:"109978",title:"Prof.",name:"Pınar",middleName:null,surname:"Erkekoğlu",slug:"pinar-erkekoglu",fullName:"Pınar Erkekoğlu",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/109978/images/system/109978.jpg",institutionString:"Hacettepe University",institution:{name:"Hacettepe University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7004",title:"Metabolomics",subtitle:"New Insights into Biology and Medicine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7004.jpg",slug:"metabolomics-new-insights-into-biology-and-medicine",publishedDate:"July 1st 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Wael N. Hozzein",hash:"35a30d8241442b716a4aab830b6de28f",volumeInSeries:16,fullTitle:"Metabolomics - New Insights into Biology and Medicine",editors:[{id:"189233",title:"Prof.",name:"Wael N.",middleName:"Nabil",surname:"Hozzein",slug:"wael-n.-hozzein",fullName:"Wael N. Hozzein",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/189233/images/system/189233.jpeg",institutionString:"Beni-Suef University",institution:{name:"Beni-Suef University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"6967",title:"Prebiotics and Probiotics",subtitle:"Potential Benefits in Nutrition and Health",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6967.jpg",slug:"prebiotics-and-probiotics-potential-benefits-in-nutrition-and-health",publishedDate:"March 4th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Elena Franco-Robles and Joel Ramírez-Emiliano",hash:"11781d6b1c070edcf204518e632033be",volumeInSeries:8,fullTitle:"Prebiotics and Probiotics - Potential Benefits in Nutrition and Health",editors:[{id:"219102",title:"Dr.",name:"Elena",middleName:null,surname:"Franco-Robles",slug:"elena-franco-robles",fullName:"Elena Franco-Robles",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/219102/images/system/219102.jpg",institutionString:"Universidad de Guanajuato",institution:{name:"Universidad de Guanajuato",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8292",title:"Oral Health by Using Probiotic Products",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8292.jpg",slug:"oral-health-by-using-probiotic-products",publishedDate:"December 11th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Razzagh Mahmoudi",hash:"327e750e83634800ace02fe62607c21e",volumeInSeries:5,fullTitle:"Oral Health by Using Probiotic Products",editors:[{id:"245925",title:"Dr.",name:"Razzagh",middleName:null,surname:"Mahmoudi",slug:"razzagh-mahmoudi",fullName:"Razzagh Mahmoudi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/245925/images/system/245925.jpg",institutionString:"Qazvin University of Medical Sciences",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7978",title:"Vitamin A",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7978.jpg",slug:"vitamin-a",publishedDate:"May 15th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Leila Queiroz Zepka, Veridiana Vera de Rosso and Eduardo Jacob-Lopes",hash:"dad04a658ab9e3d851d23705980a688b",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Vitamin A",editors:[{id:"261969",title:"Dr.",name:"Leila",middleName:null,surname:"Queiroz Zepka",slug:"leila-queiroz-zepka",fullName:"Leila Queiroz Zepka",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/261969/images/system/261969.png",institutionString:"Universidade Federal de Santa Maria",institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Santa Maria",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},testimonialsList:[{id:"27",text:"The opportunity to work with a prestigious publisher allows for the possibility to collaborate with more research groups interested in animal nutrition, leading to the development of new feeding strategies and food valuation while being more sustainable with the environment, allowing more readers to learn about the subject.",author:{id:"175967",name:"Manuel",surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",institution:{id:"6221",name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",country:{id:null,name:"Mexico"}}}},{id:"18",text:"It was great publishing with IntechOpen, the process was straightforward and I had support all along.",author:{id:"71579",name:"Berend",surname:"Olivier",institutionString:"Utrecht University",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/71579/images/system/71579.jpg",slug:"berend-olivier",institution:{id:"253",name:"Utrecht University",country:{id:null,name:"Netherlands"}}}},{id:"8",text:"I work with IntechOpen for a number of reasons: their professionalism, their mission in support of Open Access publishing, and the quality of their peer-reviewed publications, but also because they believe in equality.",author:{id:"202192",name:"Catrin",surname:"Rutland",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",slug:"catrin-rutland",institution:{id:"134",name:"University of Nottingham",country:{id:null,name:"United Kingdom"}}}}]},submityourwork:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:86,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:96,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:27,numberOfPublishedChapters:283,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:9,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:138,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:128,numberOfOpenTopics:0,numberOfUpcomingTopics:2,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:105,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:100,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:11,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:0,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:9,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],subseriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Applied Intelligence",scope:"This field is the key in the current industrial revolution (Industry 4.0), where the new models and developments are based on the knowledge generation on applied intelligence. The motor of the society is the industry and the research of this topic has to be empowered in order to increase and improve the quality of our lives.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/22.jpg",keywords:"Machine Learning, Intelligence Algorithms, Data Science, Artificial Intelligence, Applications on Applied Intelligence"},{id:"23",title:"Computational Neuroscience",scope:"Computational neuroscience focuses on biologically realistic abstractions and models validated and solved through computational simulations to understand principles for the development, structure, physiology, and ability of the nervous system. This topic is dedicated to biologically plausible descriptions and computational models - at various abstraction levels - of neurons and neural systems. This includes, but is not limited to: single-neuron modeling, sensory processing, motor control, memory, and synaptic plasticity, attention, identification, categorization, discrimination, learning, development, axonal patterning, guidance, neural architecture, behaviors, and dynamics of networks, cognition and the neuroscientific basis of consciousness. Particularly interesting are models of various types of more compound functions and abilities, various and more general fundamental principles (e.g., regarding architecture, organization, learning, development, etc.) found at various spatial and temporal levels.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/23.jpg",keywords:"Single-Neuron Modeling, Sensory Processing, Motor Control, Memory and Synaptic Pasticity, Attention, Identification, Categorization, Discrimination, Learning, Development, Axonal Patterning and Guidance, Neural Architecture, Behaviours and Dynamics of Networks, Cognition and the Neuroscientific Basis of Consciousness"},{id:"24",title:"Computer Vision",scope:"The scope of this topic is to disseminate the recent advances in the rapidly growing field of computer vision from both the theoretical and practical points of view. Novel computational algorithms for image analysis, scene understanding, biometrics, deep learning and their software or hardware implementations for natural and medical images, robotics, VR/AR, applications are some research directions relevant to this topic.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/24.jpg",keywords:"Image Analysis, Scene Understanding, Biometrics, Deep Learning, Software Implementation, Hardware Implementation, Natural Images, Medical Images, Robotics, VR/AR"},{id:"25",title:"Evolutionary Computation",scope:"Evolutionary computing is a paradigm that has grown dramatically in recent years. This group of bio-inspired metaheuristics solves multiple optimization problems by applying the metaphor of natural selection. It so far has solved problems such as resource allocation, routing, schedule planning, and engineering design. Moreover, in the field of machine learning, evolutionary computation has carved out a significant niche both in the generation of learning models and in the automatic design and optimization of hyperparameters in deep learning models. This collection aims to include quality volumes on various topics related to evolutionary algorithms and, alternatively, other metaheuristics of interest inspired by nature. For example, some of the issues of interest could be the following: Advances in evolutionary computation (Genetic algorithms, Genetic programming, Bio-inspired metaheuristics, Hybrid metaheuristics, Parallel ECs); Applications of evolutionary algorithms (Machine learning and Data Mining with EAs, Search-Based Software Engineering, Scheduling, and Planning Applications, Smart Transport Applications, Applications to Games, Image Analysis, Signal Processing and Pattern Recognition, Applications to Sustainability).",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/25.jpg",keywords:"Genetic Algorithms, Genetic Programming, Evolutionary Programming, Evolution Strategies, Hybrid Algorithms, Bioinspired Metaheuristics, Ant Colony Optimization, Evolutionary Learning, Hyperparameter Optimization"},{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining",scope:"The scope of machine learning and data mining is immense and is growing every day. It has become a massive part of our daily lives, making predictions based on experience, making this a fascinating area that solves problems that otherwise would not be possible or easy to solve. This topic aims to encompass algorithms that learn from experience (supervised and unsupervised), improve their performance over time and enable machines to make data-driven decisions. It is not limited to any particular applications, but contributions are encouraged from all disciplines.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/26.jpg",keywords:"Intelligent Systems, Machine Learning, Data Science, Data Mining, Artificial Intelligence"},{id:"27",title:"Multi-Agent Systems",scope:"Multi-agent systems are recognised as a state of the art field in Artificial Intelligence studies, which is popular due to the usefulness in facilitation capabilities to handle real-world problem-solving in a distributed fashion. The area covers many techniques that offer solutions to emerging problems in robotics and enterprise-level software systems. Collaborative intelligence is highly and effectively achieved with multi-agent systems. Areas of application include swarms of robots, flocks of UAVs, collaborative software management. Given the level of technological enhancements, the popularity of machine learning in use has opened a new chapter in multi-agent studies alongside the practical challenges and long-lasting collaboration issues in the field. It has increased the urgency and the need for further studies in this field. We welcome chapters presenting research on the many applications of multi-agent studies including, but not limited to, the following key areas: machine learning for multi-agent systems; modeling swarms robots and flocks of UAVs with multi-agent systems; decision science and multi-agent systems; software engineering for and with multi-agent systems; tools and technologies of multi-agent systems.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/27.jpg",keywords:"Collaborative Intelligence, Learning, Distributed Control System, Swarm Robotics, Decision Science, Software Engineering"}],annualVolumeBook:{},thematicCollection:[],selectedSeries:{title:"Artificial Intelligence",id:"14"},selectedSubseries:null},seriesLanding:{item:{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",issn:"2631-5343",scope:"Biomedical Engineering is one of the fastest-growing interdisciplinary branches of science and industry. The combination of electronics and computer science with biology and medicine has improved patient diagnosis, reduced rehabilitation time, and helped to facilitate a better quality of life. Nowadays, all medical imaging devices, medical instruments, or new laboratory techniques result from the cooperation of specialists in various fields. The series of Biomedical Engineering books covers such areas of knowledge as chemistry, physics, electronics, medicine, and biology. This series is intended for doctors, engineers, and scientists involved in biomedical engineering or those wanting to start working in this field.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/7.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"May 7th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfPublishedChapters:96,numberOfPublishedBooks:12,editor:{id:"50150",title:"Prof.",name:"Robert",middleName:null,surname:"Koprowski",fullName:"Robert Koprowski",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYTYNQA4/Profile_Picture_1630478535317",biography:"Robert Koprowski, MD (1997), PhD (2003), Habilitation (2015), is an employee of the University of Silesia, Poland, Institute of Computer Science, Department of Biomedical Computer Systems. For 20 years, he has studied the analysis and processing of biomedical images, emphasizing the full automation of measurement for a large inter-individual variability of patients. Dr. Koprowski has authored more than a hundred research papers with dozens in impact factor (IF) journals and has authored or co-authored six books. Additionally, he is the author of several national and international patents in the field of biomedical devices and imaging. Since 2011, he has been a reviewer of grants and projects (including EU projects) in biomedical engineering.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Silesia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}},subseries:[{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics",keywords:"Biomedical Data, Drug Discovery, Clinical Diagnostics, Decoding Human Genome, AI in Personalized Medicine, Disease-prevention Strategies, Big Data Analysis in Medicine",scope:"Bioinformatics aims to help understand the functioning of the mechanisms of living organisms through the construction and use of quantitative tools. The applications of this research cover many related fields, such as biotechnology and medicine, where, for example, Bioinformatics contributes to faster drug design, DNA analysis in forensics, and DNA sequence analysis in the field of personalized medicine. Personalized medicine is a type of medical care in which treatment is customized individually for each patient. Personalized medicine enables more effective therapy, reduces the costs of therapy and clinical trials, and also minimizes the risk of side effects. Nevertheless, advances in personalized medicine would not have been possible without bioinformatics, which can analyze the human genome and other vast amounts of biomedical data, especially in genetics. The rapid growth of information technology enabled the development of new tools to decode human genomes, large-scale studies of genetic variations and medical informatics. The considerable development of technology, including the computing power of computers, is also conducive to the development of bioinformatics, including personalized medicine. In an era of rapidly growing data volumes and ever lower costs of generating, storing and computing data, personalized medicine holds great promises. Modern computational methods used as bioinformatics tools can integrate multi-scale, multi-modal and longitudinal patient data to create even more effective and safer therapy and disease prevention methods. Main aspects of the topic are: Applying bioinformatics in drug discovery and development; Bioinformatics in clinical diagnostics (genetic variants that act as markers for a condition or a disease); Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning in personalized medicine; Customize disease-prevention strategies in personalized medicine; Big data analysis in personalized medicine; Translating stratification algorithms into clinical practice of personalized medicine.",annualVolume:11403,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/7.jpg",editor:{id:"351533",title:"Dr.",name:"Slawomir",middleName:null,surname:"Wilczynski",fullName:"Slawomir Wilczynski",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000035U1loQAC/Profile_Picture_1630074514792",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Medical University of Silesia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"5886",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexandros",middleName:"T.",surname:"Tzallas",fullName:"Alexandros Tzallas",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/5886/images/system/5886.png",institutionString:"University of Ioannina, Greece & Imperial College London",institution:{name:"University of Ioannina",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Greece"}}},{id:"257388",title:"Distinguished Prof.",name:"Lulu",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Lulu Wang",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRX6kQAG/Profile_Picture_1630329584194",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Shenzhen Technology University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"225387",title:"Prof.",name:"Reda",middleName:"R.",surname:"Gharieb",fullName:"Reda Gharieb",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/225387/images/system/225387.jpg",institutionString:"Assiut University",institution:{name:"Assiut University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}]},{id:"8",title:"Bioinspired Technology and Biomechanics",keywords:"Bioinspired Systems, Biomechanics, Assistive Technology, Rehabilitation",scope:'Bioinspired technologies take advantage of understanding the actual biological system to provide solutions to problems in several areas. Recently, bioinspired systems have been successfully employing biomechanics to develop and improve assistive technology and rehabilitation devices. The research topic "Bioinspired Technology and Biomechanics" welcomes studies reporting recent advances in bioinspired technologies that contribute to individuals\' health, inclusion, and rehabilitation. Possible contributions can address (but are not limited to) the following research topics: Bioinspired design and control of exoskeletons, orthoses, and prostheses; Experimental evaluation of the effect of assistive devices (e.g., influence on gait, balance, and neuromuscular system); Bioinspired technologies for rehabilitation, including clinical studies reporting evaluations; Application of neuromuscular and biomechanical models to the development of bioinspired technology.',annualVolume:11404,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/8.jpg",editor:{id:"144937",title:"Prof.",name:"Adriano",middleName:"De Oliveira",surname:"Andrade",fullName:"Adriano Andrade",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRC8QQAW/Profile_Picture_1625219101815",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Federal University of Uberlândia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"49517",title:"Prof.",name:"Hitoshi",middleName:null,surname:"Tsunashima",fullName:"Hitoshi Tsunashima",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYTP4QAO/Profile_Picture_1625819726528",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Nihon University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},{id:"425354",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcus",middleName:"Fraga",surname:"Vieira",fullName:"Marcus Vieira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00003BJSgIQAX/Profile_Picture_1627904687309",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Goiás",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"196746",title:"Dr.",name:"Ramana",middleName:null,surname:"Vinjamuri",fullName:"Ramana Vinjamuri",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/196746/images/system/196746.jpeg",institutionString:"University of Maryland, Baltimore County",institution:{name:"University of Maryland, Baltimore County",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}]},{id:"9",title:"Biotechnology - Biosensors, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering",keywords:"Biotechnology, Biosensors, Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering",scope:"The Biotechnology - Biosensors, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering topic within the Biomedical Engineering Series aims to rapidly publish contributions on all aspects of biotechnology, biosensors, biomaterial and tissue engineering. We encourage the submission of manuscripts that provide novel and mechanistic insights that report significant advances in the fields. Topics can include but are not limited to: Biotechnology such as biotechnological products and process engineering; Biotechnologically relevant enzymes and proteins; Bioenergy and biofuels; Applied genetics and molecular biotechnology; Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics; Applied microbial and cell physiology; Environmental biotechnology; Methods and protocols. Moreover, topics in biosensor technology, like sensors that incorporate enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, whole cells, tissues and organelles, and other biological or biologically inspired components will be considered, and topics exploring transducers, including those based on electrochemical and optical piezoelectric, thermal, magnetic, and micromechanical elements. Chapters exploring biomaterial approaches such as polymer synthesis and characterization, drug and gene vector design, biocompatibility, immunology and toxicology, and self-assembly at the nanoscale, are welcome. Finally, the tissue engineering subcategory will support topics such as the fundamentals of stem cells and progenitor cells and their proliferation, differentiation, bioreactors for three-dimensional culture and studies of phenotypic changes, stem and progenitor cells, both short and long term, ex vivo and in vivo implantation both in preclinical models and also in clinical trials.",annualVolume:11405,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/9.jpg",editor:{id:"126286",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis",middleName:"Jesús",surname:"Villarreal-Gómez",fullName:"Luis Villarreal-Gómez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/126286/images/system/126286.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Baja California",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"35539",title:"Dr.",name:"Cecilia",middleName:null,surname:"Cristea",fullName:"Cecilia Cristea",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYQ65QAG/Profile_Picture_1621007741527",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"40735",title:"Dr.",name:"Gil",middleName:"Alberto Batista",surname:"Gonçalves",fullName:"Gil Gonçalves",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYRLGQA4/Profile_Picture_1628492612759",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Aveiro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"211725",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Johann F.",middleName:null,surname:"Osma",fullName:"Johann F. Osma",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSDv7QAG/Profile_Picture_1626602531691",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidad de Los Andes",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Colombia"}}},{id:"69697",title:"Dr.",name:"Mani T.",middleName:null,surname:"Valarmathi",fullName:"Mani T. Valarmathi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/69697/images/system/69697.jpg",institutionString:"Religen Inc. | A Life Science Company, United States of America",institution:null},{id:"205081",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco",middleName:"Vinícius",surname:"Chaud",fullName:"Marco Chaud",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSDGeQAO/Profile_Picture_1622624307737",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade de Sorocaba",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}}]}]}},libraryRecommendation:{success:null,errors:{},institutions:[]},route:{name:"profile.detail",path:"/profiles/77857",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"77857"},fullPath:"/profiles/77857",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()