Dr. Hiral Raja is an associate professor in the Mathematics Department at Dr. C.V. Raman University, India, where she received her Ph.D. in Mathematics in 2017. Her main research interests include image processing, embedded system, artificial intelligence, and sensor signalling. She was successfully granted two national and two international patents. She has published approximately ten research papers in national and international journals and edited one book.
Biometric authentication systems play a pivotal role in ensuring security and user convenience across diverse domains, and with technological advancements, there is a burgeoning interest in exploring emerging biometric modalities to enhance authentication effectiveness. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of such modalities, beginning with the exploration of iris recognition as a reliable and unique biometric. The text delves into advancements like multi-sensor fusion and deep learning algorithms, addressing challenges related to occlusion and non-cooperative scenarios. The chapter introduces gait recognition as a non-intrusive biometric modality, discussing recent algorithmic advancements and challenges associated with variations in clothing, footwear, and walking speed. Behavioral biometrics, enabling continuous authentication, are explored, covering traits like keystroke dynamics, mouse dynamics, and signature dynamics. Challenges concerning user acceptance and system performance are analyzed, and techniques to enhance reliability are examined. Furthermore, the chapter delves into fusion techniques for integrating multiple biometric modalities, discussing the advantages and limitations of score-level fusion and decision-level fusion. Challenges related to interoperability, compatibility, and scalability are addressed, underscoring the importance of effective integration strategies. Privacy and security considerations are explored, with a focus on techniques such as template protection and biometric encryption to safeguard biometric data. The text also covers measures against spoofing attacks, presentation attacks, and other security vulnerabilities, emphasizing the significance of continuous research and development efforts in advancing biometric authentication systems. It stresses the need to consider privacy, security, and usability aspects while integrating emerging biometric modalities, highlighting the potential for robust and efficient authentication systems in the future through a thoughtful understanding of challenges and leveraging advancements.
Part of the book: Online Identity - An Essential Guide