Chapters authored
Diagnosis of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Newborns and Infants
It is a review of epidemiology data of development dysplasia of the hip; it was reviewed the pre pathogenic period: agent, host and environment and the role of risk factors for the presence of developmental dysplasia of the hip. What are the clinical data for the diagnosis; the sound transmission tests for the diagnosis of the developmental dysplasia of the hip. Also, the imaging procedures for the diagnosis of the same pathology.
Part of the book: Hip Replacement
Treatments for the Infection by SARS-CoV-2
In late 2019, pneumonia cases from unknown origin were detected in Wuhan, China. The cause was a new coronavirus. The World Health Organization (WHO) named the virus SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 the associated disease. In the first months of 2020, this disease became a pandemic with a high lethality reported. Since then, the search for treatments began. We started by searching among treatments previously approved for human use that were not designed for COVID-19 and were considered to treat this condition. We continued searching on the therapeutics guidelines published by the WHO for the management of infection by SARS-CoV-2. Based on these results, we searched for the literature in PubMed to obtain further evidence on the drugs against SARS-CoV-2. The treatments presented in this chapter are Ivermectin, Hydroxychloroquine, Nitazoxanide, Azithromycin, Molnupiravir, Casirivimab-Imdevimab, Ritonavir-Nirmatrelvir, Ritonavir-Lopinavir, Remdesivir, and Favipiravir. Two years ahead of the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, a plenty of options for treatment have been investigated. Only a few of them have been shown to be efficient and safe. According to the WHO, Ritonavir-Nirmatrelvir outperforms other proposed therapeutics.
Part of the book: COVID-19 Drug Development
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Variants in Mexico
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Due to the virus transmission and propagation since its origin, numerous mutations and variants have occurred. The concern relies on the ability to evade natural immunity and cause infections, even bypassing the immunity generated after the application of vaccines. The World Health Organization classified the variants into “variants of interest” (VOI) and “variants of concern” (VOC). From 2020 to 2021, the VOC variants were the alpha, beta, gamma, and delta types, currently adding the omicron variant. On the other hand, the VOI variants were the eta, iota, kappa, lambda, and mu types. The importance of their study leads to the problem of the possible generation of new waves of contagion, after their appearance, with a high possibility that the immunity known as herd achieved with some previous variant does not become effective.
Part of the book: New COVID-19 Variants
Pre-Pathogenic Period of Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome: Ecological Triad
In this chapter, we discuss Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome in children and adults. We begin by mentioning the antecedents and the origin of this disease. We frame this chapter in the ecological triad scheme and present the agent, host, and environment. It is necessary to theorize the new health threats in this scheme, based on a primary health-care approach, to understand how to prevent or inform accordingly. Due to its novelty, this syndrome originated from the SARS-CoV-2 infection still poses many questions. Future directions of this work include understanding the pathogenesis of MIS, including its mechanisms, risk factors, and diversity of outcomes.
Part of the book: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome