Chapters authored
Bio-Molecular Characteristics of Whey Proteins with Relation to Inflammation
Whey proteins in bovine milk are a mixture of globular proteins manufactured from whey which is a byproduct of cheese industry. Whey protein is categorized to contain plethora of healthy components due to wide range of pH, promising nutritional profile with cost effective and diverse functionality. Reportedly there are three categories of whey protein, whey protein concentrate (WPC) (29–89%); whey protein isolate (WPI) 90% and whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) on the basis of proteins present in them. Whey proteins is composed of β-lactoglobulin (45–57%), immunoglobulins (10–15%) α-lactalbumin (15–25%), glicomacropeptide (10–15%), lactoperoxidase (<1%) and lactoferrin nearly (1%). Whey protein plays an important role and is validated to confer anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory roles related to all metabolic syndromes. According to molecular point of view whey proteins decrease inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-10 and TNF- α); inhibits ACE and NF-κB expression; promotes Fas signaling and caspase-3 expression; elevates GLP-1, PYY, CCK, G1P and leptin; chelate and binds Fe+3, Mn+3 and Zn+2. In this chapter we will discuss significant biological role of whey proteins related to inflammatory health issues.
Part of the book: New Advances in the Dairy Industry
Novel Treatment Strategy against COVID-19 through Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Immunostimulatory Properties of the B Vitamin Complex
The immune system is influenced by vitamin B complex: B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9 and B12. The B complex insufficiency can cause significant impairment in cellular and immune function and trigger an inflammatory response. There is currently no certified SARS-CoV-2 treatment or a credible vaccine, but strengthening the immune system with B vitamins could go a long way in preventing and treating COVID-19 patients. Thus, a complete and nutritious diet must be followed before approved drugs and potential good vaccine research results are available to boost the normal functioning of the immune system. In order to activate adaptive and inborn immune responses, reduce cytokine levels such as proinflammatory cytokines, decrease oxidative stress, preserve endothelial homogeneity, improving pulmonary function, prevents hypercoagulable conditions and shortening the length of hospital stay; B-Complex vitamins play a significant role. Thus, the role of B complex in patients with COVID-19 needs to be evaluated and additional non-drug B vitamins can be used in existing treatments.
Part of the book: B-Complex Vitamins