Bharti Thapa

By Bharti Thapa and Abhisek Shrestha

Plants are frequently subjected to several abiotic environmental stresses under natural conditions causing profound impacts on agricultural yield and quality. Plants can themselves develop a wide variety of efficient mechanisms to respond environmental challenges. Tolerance and acclimation of plants are always related to significant changes in protein, cellular localization, posttranscription, and posttranslational modifications. Protein response pathways as well as pathways unique to a given stress condition shared by plants under different stressed environment are discussed in this chapter. The various signaling of protein such as fluctuation, overexpression, and silencing of the protein gene are observed to be modulated in drought-tolerant plants. Similarly, gene expression, RNA processing, and metabolic process take place to cope with drought conditions. For adaption in water-submerged conditions, plants undergo reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell wall modification, proteolysis, and post-recovery protein metabolism. Heat shock protein and protein and lipid contents vary and play pivotal role in resisting low and high temperatures. In a nutshell, this paper provides an overview of several modification, synthesis, degradation, and metabolism of protein in plants to cope with and revive again to normal growing conditions against abiotic stress, emphasizing drought, submerged, extreme cold, and heat temperatures.

Part of the book: Plant Defense Mechanisms

By Abhisek Shrestha, Bharti Thapa and Ganga Dulal

This review paper is to study the different responses expressed by the sugarcane when exposed to water stress conditions, that is, waterlogging and drought. Water stress is one of abiotic stress affecting sugarcane productivity and the development of water-use efficiency and the morphological character get varies with genotypes, duration and intensity of stress and types of tissue damage and expression of variable patterns of a gene that makes a high degree of complexity on sugarcane under water stress condition. Since, there is little stepping towards sugarcane crops coming from genetics, agronomics, and molecular biology. These studies provided the framework for researching the morphological basis of genetic variation and mycorrhizal colonization in water stress tolerance and yield improvement under water-limited conditions.

Part of the book: Sugarcane