Chapters authored
Insect Pest Complex of Wheat Crop
Wheat Triticum aestivum L. is grown on broad range of climatic conditions because of edible grains, cereal crop and stable food of about 2 Billion peoples worldwide. Additionally, it is the rich source of carbohydrates (55–60%), vegetable proteins and contributed 50–60% daily dietary requirement in Pakistan. Globally, wheat crops is grown over 90% area of total cultivated area; facing devastating biotic and abiotic factors. The estimated economic losses in wheat quantity and quality are about 4 thousands per tonne per year including physical crop losses and handling. Economic losses of about 80–90 million USD in Pakistan are recorded due to inadequate production and handling losses. Wheat agro-ecosystem of the world colonizes many herbivore insects which are abundant and causing significant losses. The feeding style of the insects made them dispersive from one habitat to another imposing significant crop loss. Areas of maximum wheat production are encountered with either insect which chew the vegetative as well as reproductive part or stem and root feeders. This chapter provides the pest’s taxonomic rank, distribution across the globe, biology and damage of chewing and sucking insect pest of wheat. It is very important to study biology of the pest in accordance with crop cycle to forecast which insect stage is economically important, what the proper time to manage pest is and what type of control is necessary to manage crop pest. The chapter will provide management strategies well suited to pest stage and environment.
Part of the book: Current Trends in Wheat Research
Integrated Pest Management in Cotton
Cotton, one of the most important crops in the world, is threatened by a wide range of pests that lower both yield and quality. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has come to be a comprehensive and eco-friendly method to tackle these issues while decreasing the need for synthetic pesticides. The first section of this chapter gives a general review of cotton as an essential agricultural commodity and its significance to the textile industry. After that, it explores the origins and evolution of IPM, providing an in-depth understanding of its concepts and the necessary elements needed to successfully apply it to cotton cultivation. Biological control, cultural practices, chemical control, host plant resistance, and other pest management strategies covered by Integrated Pest Management (IPM) are highlighted, along with how best to integrate them for maximum efficacy. Use of technology (Artificial intelligence) in early identification and detection of pest is necessary because it can help in timely decision making for pest management. Analyzing the ecological effects of IPM also gives information on how to reduce the amount of chemicals in cotton fields and preserve beneficial fauna. It is an important tool for farmers, academics, and policymakers who want to increase cotton profitability and long-term viability while reducing its negative effects on the environment and encouraging a stronger agricultural ecosystem.
Part of the book: Best Crop Management and Processing Practices for Sustainable Cotton Production