Bi matrix for two power plants by different energy sources.
\\n\\n
More than half of the publishers listed alongside IntechOpen (18 out of 30) are Social Science and Humanities publishers. IntechOpen is an exception to this as a leader in not only Open Access content but Open Access content across all scientific disciplines, including Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Health Sciences, Life Science, and Social Sciences and Humanities.
\\n\\nOur breakdown of titles published demonstrates this with 47% PET, 31% HS, 18% LS, and 4% SSH books published.
\\n\\n“Even though ItechOpen has shown the potential of sci-tech books using an OA approach,” other publishers “have shown little interest in OA books.”
\\n\\nAdditionally, each book published by IntechOpen contains original content and research findings.
\\n\\nWe are honored to be among such prestigious publishers and we hope to continue to spearhead that growth in our quest to promote Open Access as a true pioneer in OA book publishing.
\\n\\n\\n\\n
\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:null},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'
Simba Information has released its Open Access Book Publishing 2020 - 2024 report and has again identified IntechOpen as the world’s largest Open Access book publisher by title count.
\n\nSimba Information is a leading provider for market intelligence and forecasts in the media and publishing industry. The report, published every year, provides an overview and financial outlook for the global professional e-book publishing market.
\n\nIntechOpen, De Gruyter, and Frontiers are the largest OA book publishers by title count, with IntechOpen coming in at first place with 5,101 OA books published, a good 1,782 titles ahead of the nearest competitor.
\n\nSince the first Open Access Book Publishing report published in 2016, IntechOpen has held the top stop each year.
\n\n\n\nMore than half of the publishers listed alongside IntechOpen (18 out of 30) are Social Science and Humanities publishers. IntechOpen is an exception to this as a leader in not only Open Access content but Open Access content across all scientific disciplines, including Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Health Sciences, Life Science, and Social Sciences and Humanities.
\n\nOur breakdown of titles published demonstrates this with 47% PET, 31% HS, 18% LS, and 4% SSH books published.
\n\n“Even though ItechOpen has shown the potential of sci-tech books using an OA approach,” other publishers “have shown little interest in OA books.”
\n\nAdditionally, each book published by IntechOpen contains original content and research findings.
\n\nWe are honored to be among such prestigious publishers and we hope to continue to spearhead that growth in our quest to promote Open Access as a true pioneer in OA book publishing.
\n\n\n\n
\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"intechopen-signs-new-contract-with-cepiec-china-for-distribution-of-open-access-books-20210319",title:"IntechOpen Signs New Contract with CEPIEC, China for Distribution of Open Access Books"},{slug:"150-million-downloads-and-counting-20210316",title:"150 Million Downloads and Counting"},{slug:"intechopen-secures-indefinite-content-preservation-with-clockss-20210309",title:"IntechOpen Secures Indefinite Content Preservation with CLOCKSS"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-to-all-global-amazon-channels-with-full-catalog-of-books-20210308",title:"IntechOpen Expands to All Global Amazon Channels with Full Catalog of Books"},{slug:"stanford-university-identifies-top-2-scientists-over-1-000-are-intechopen-authors-and-editors-20210122",title:"Stanford University Identifies Top 2% Scientists, Over 1,000 are IntechOpen Authors and Editors"},{slug:"intechopen-authors-included-in-the-highly-cited-researchers-list-for-2020-20210121",title:"IntechOpen Authors Included in the Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020"},{slug:"intechopen-maintains-position-as-the-world-s-largest-oa-book-publisher-20201218",title:"IntechOpen Maintains Position as the World’s Largest OA Book Publisher"},{slug:"all-intechopen-books-available-on-perlego-20201215",title:"All IntechOpen Books Available on Perlego"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"536",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Molecular Targets of CNS Tumors",title:"Molecular Targets of CNS Tumors",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"Molecular Targets of CNS Tumors is a selected review of Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors with particular emphasis on signaling pathway of the most common CNS tumor types. To develop drugs which specifically attack the cancer cells requires an understanding of the distinct characteristics of those cells. Additional detailed information is provided on selected signal pathways in CNS tumors.",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-307-736-9",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-6496-8",doi:"10.5772/1047",price:159,priceEur:175,priceUsd:205,slug:"molecular-targets-of-cns-tumors",numberOfPages:688,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:1,hash:"9397c8a0230158cb461c2ffbe6f9857d",bookSignature:"Miklos Garami",publishedDate:"September 22nd 2011",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/536.jpg",numberOfDownloads:69672,numberOfWosCitations:54,numberOfCrossrefCitations:12,numberOfDimensionsCitations:56,hasAltmetrics:1,numberOfTotalCitations:122,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"November 3rd 2010",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"December 1st 2010",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"April 7th 2011",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"May 7th 2011",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"July 6th 2011",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,editors:[{id:"34821",title:"Dr.",name:"Miklos",middleName:null,surname:"Garami",slug:"miklos-garami",fullName:"Miklos Garami",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/34821/images/1863_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Miklós Garami, MD., MSc., PhD.; received his MD, Ph.D. and M.Sc. at Semmelweis Medical University (Budapest, Hungary) in 1991.; 2005. and 2007. He also received his Habilitation from Semmelweis Medical University (Budapest, Hungary) in 2010.\nCurrently he is Associate Professor of Pediatrics; Head of Hungarian Pediatric Cancer Registry; Head of Unit of Pediatric Oncology and Deputy Chairman of 2nd Department of Pediatric, Semmelweis University.\nDr. Miklós Garami was awarded by Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Postdoctoral Fellowship Semmelweis University (Budapest, Hungary) in 1991-1992 and by American Heart Association (Postdoctoral Fellowship University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), California, USA) in 1992-1995.\t\t\nCurrent research activities include: Pediatric oncology, investigating gene expression profiles in pediatric malignancies (CNS tumors, NBL, Ewing sc.), information systems on microcomputers. He is the author of approximately 70 scientific papers, 9 books / chapters.",institutionString:null,position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"2",institution:{name:"Semmelweis University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Hungary"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"1085",title:"Neuro-Oncology",slug:"neuro-oncology"}],chapters:[{id:"19926",title:"Genetic and Immunology of Brain Tumors",doi:"10.5772/22957",slug:"genetic-and-immunology-of-brain-tumors",totalDownloads:1828,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Sahika Liva Cengiz and Aynur Emine Cicekcibasi",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19926",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19926",authors:[{id:"49957",title:"Prof.",name:"SahikaLiva",surname:"Cengiz",slug:"sahikaliva-cengiz",fullName:"SahikaLiva Cengiz"},{id:"105745",title:"Prof.",name:"Aynur Emine",surname:"Cicekcibasi",slug:"aynur-emine-cicekcibasi",fullName:"Aynur Emine Cicekcibasi"}],corrections:null},{id:"19927",title:"Genetic Instability in Paediatric and Adult Brain Tumours",doi:"10.5772/19571",slug:"genetic-instability-in-paediatric-and-adult-brain-tumours",totalDownloads:1627,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Marta Viana-Pereira, Chris Jones and Rui M. Reis",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19927",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19927",authors:[{id:"35397",title:"Prof.",name:"Rui",surname:"Reis",slug:"rui-reis",fullName:"Rui Reis"},{id:"55163",title:"Dr.",name:"Marta",surname:"Viana-Pereira",slug:"marta-viana-pereira",fullName:"Marta Viana-Pereira"},{id:"55164",title:"Dr.",name:"Chris",surname:"Jones",slug:"chris-jones",fullName:"Chris Jones"}],corrections:null},{id:"19928",title:"Brain Tumor Exosomes and Microvesicles: Pleiotropic Effects from Tiny Cellular Surrogates",doi:"10.5772/21478",slug:"brain-tumor-exosomes-and-microvesicles-pleiotropic-effects-from-tiny-cellular-surrogates",totalDownloads:3342,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:11,signatures:"Michael W Graner",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19928",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19928",authors:[{id:"43247",title:"Prof.",name:"Michael",surname:"Graner",slug:"michael-graner",fullName:"Michael Graner"}],corrections:null},{id:"19929",title:"Recurrent Malignant Primary Brain Tumor: the Pathophysiology and Management",doi:"10.5772/22080",slug:"recurrent-malignant-primary-brain-tumor-the-pathophysiology-and-management",totalDownloads:4420,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Victor Tse and Harish Babu",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19929",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19929",authors:[{id:"46133",title:"Prof.",name:"Victor",surname:"Tse",slug:"victor-tse",fullName:"Victor Tse"},{id:"136314",title:"Dr.",name:"Harish",surname:"Babu",slug:"harish-babu",fullName:"Harish Babu"}],corrections:null},{id:"19930",title:"The Role of Sox Transcription Factors in Brain Tumourigenesis",doi:"10.5772/23616",slug:"the-role-of-sox-transcription-factors-in-brain-tumourigenesis",totalDownloads:1997,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,signatures:"Maria Ferletta",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19930",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19930",authors:[{id:"52808",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria",surname:"Ferletta",slug:"maria-ferletta",fullName:"Maria Ferletta"}],corrections:null},{id:"19931",title:"Angiogenesis of Primary Brain Tumors: The Role of Endoglin (CD105)",doi:"10.5772/23926",slug:"angiogenesis-of-primary-brain-tumors-the-role-of-endoglin-cd105-",totalDownloads:1984,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Yasuo Sugita",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19931",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19931",authors:[{id:"54465",title:"Prof.",name:"Yasuo",surname:"Sugita",slug:"yasuo-sugita",fullName:"Yasuo Sugita"}],corrections:null},{id:"19932",title:"The Role of Aquaporines in Brain Tumors",doi:"10.5772/19588",slug:"the-role-of-aquaporines-in-brain-tumors",totalDownloads:1704,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Tatsuo Sawada",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19932",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19932",authors:[{id:"35472",title:"Prof.",name:"SAWADA",surname:"TATSUO",slug:"sawada-tatsuo",fullName:"SAWADA TATSUO"}],corrections:null},{id:"19933",title:"Glioma Stem Cells",doi:"10.5772/21016",slug:"glioma-stem-cell",totalDownloads:1859,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,signatures:"Kouichi Tabu, Tetsuya Taga and Shinya Tanaka",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19933",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19933",authors:[{id:"41442",title:"Dr.",name:"Kouichi",surname:"Tabu",slug:"kouichi-tabu",fullName:"Kouichi Tabu"},{id:"49655",title:"Prof.",name:"Shinya",surname:"Tanaka",slug:"shinya-tanaka",fullName:"Shinya Tanaka"},{id:"53538",title:"Prof.",name:"Tetsuya",surname:"Taga",slug:"tetsuya-taga",fullName:"Tetsuya Taga"}],corrections:null},{id:"19934",title:"Molecular Hallmarks of Gliomas",doi:"10.5772/21352",slug:"molecular-hallmarks-of-gliomas",totalDownloads:1325,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:5,signatures:"Marta Pojo and Bruno Marques Costa",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19934",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19934",authors:[{id:"42804",title:"Dr.",name:"Bruno",surname:"Costa",slug:"bruno-costa",fullName:"Bruno Costa"},{id:"63016",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Marta",surname:"Pojo",slug:"marta-pojo",fullName:"Marta Pojo"}],corrections:null},{id:"19935",title:"Integrated Network Analysis of Genetic and Epigenetic Factors in Glioblastoma Multiform",doi:"10.5772/20478",slug:"integrated-network-analysis-of-genetic-and-epigenetic-factors-in-glioblastoma-multiform",totalDownloads:1933,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Hua Dong and MomiaoXiong",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19935",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19935",authors:[{id:"39157",title:"Dr.",name:"Hua",surname:"Dong",slug:"hua-dong",fullName:"Hua Dong"},{id:"53029",title:"Prof.",name:"Momiao",surname:"Xiong",slug:"momiao-xiong",fullName:"Momiao Xiong"}],corrections:null},{id:"19936",title:"The Neural Extracellular Matrix, Cell Adhesion Molecules and Proteolysis in Glioma Invasion and Tumorigenicity",doi:"10.5772/21709",slug:"the-neural-extracellular-matrix-cell-adhesion-molecules-and-proteolysis-in-glioma-invasion-and-tumor",totalDownloads:2723,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:4,signatures:"Chrissa A. Dwyer and Russell T. Matthews",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19936",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19936",authors:[{id:"44404",title:"Dr.",name:"Russell",surname:"Matthews",slug:"russell-matthews",fullName:"Russell Matthews"},{id:"55269",title:"Ms",name:"Chrissa",surname:"Dwyer",slug:"chrissa-dwyer",fullName:"Chrissa Dwyer"}],corrections:null},{id:"19937",title:"Portrait of Transcriptional Expression Profiles Displayed by Different Glioblastoma Cell Lines",doi:"10.5772/22322",slug:"portrait-of-transcriptional-expression-profiles-displayed-by-different-glioblastoma-cell-lines",totalDownloads:1503,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:4,signatures:"Paulo R. D. V. Godoy, Stephano S. Mello, Daniele A. Magalhães, Flavia S. Donaires, Ana P. Lima-Montaldi, Patricia Nicolucci, Eduardo A. Donadi, Geraldo A. S. Passos and Elza T. Sakamoto-Hojo",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19937",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19937",authors:[{id:"47245",title:"Dr.",name:"Elza",surname:"Sakamoto-Hojo",slug:"elza-sakamoto-hojo",fullName:"Elza Sakamoto-Hojo"},{id:"53465",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Paulo Roberto",surname:"Godoy",slug:"paulo-roberto-godoy",fullName:"Paulo Roberto Godoy"},{id:"53468",title:"Dr.",name:"Stephano",surname:"Mello",slug:"stephano-mello",fullName:"Stephano Mello"},{id:"53471",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniele",surname:"Magalhaes",slug:"daniele-magalhaes",fullName:"Daniele Magalhaes"},{id:"53472",title:"BSc",name:"Flavia",surname:"Donaires",slug:"flavia-donaires",fullName:"Flavia Donaires"},{id:"53475",title:"MSc.",name:"Ana Paula",surname:"Montaldi",slug:"ana-paula-montaldi",fullName:"Ana Paula Montaldi"},{id:"53482",title:"Dr.",name:"Eduardo",surname:"Donadi",slug:"eduardo-donadi",fullName:"Eduardo Donadi"},{id:"53483",title:"Dr.",name:"Geraldo",surname:"Passos",slug:"geraldo-passos",fullName:"Geraldo Passos"},{id:"53490",title:"Dr.",name:"Patricia",surname:"Nicolucci",slug:"patricia-nicolucci",fullName:"Patricia Nicolucci"}],corrections:null},{id:"19938",title:"Genetics and Biology of Glioblastoma Multiforme",doi:"10.5772/23479",slug:"genetics-and-biology-of-glioblastoma-multiforme",totalDownloads:2029,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,signatures:"Anália Carmo, Inês Crespo and Maria Celeste Lopes",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19938",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19938",authors:[{id:"52168",title:"Prof.",name:"Analia",surname:"Carmo",slug:"analia-carmo",fullName:"Analia Carmo"},{id:"53565",title:"Dr.",name:"Inês",surname:"Crespo",slug:"ines-crespo",fullName:"Inês Crespo"},{id:"53566",title:"Prof.",name:"Maria Celeste",surname:"Lopes",slug:"maria-celeste-lopes",fullName:"Maria Celeste Lopes"}],corrections:null},{id:"19939",title:"Chemokines in Glioma Progression",doi:"10.5772/22501",slug:"chemokines-in-glioma-progression",totalDownloads:2337,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Marco Locatelli and Alberto Mantovani",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19939",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19939",authors:[{id:"47940",title:"Dr.",name:"Alberto",surname:"Mantovani",slug:"alberto-mantovani",fullName:"Alberto Mantovani"},{id:"55813",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco",surname:"Locatelli",slug:"marco-locatelli",fullName:"Marco Locatelli"}],corrections:null},{id:"19940",title:"Biomarkers of Glioma",doi:"10.5772/24159",slug:"biomarkers-of-glioma",totalDownloads:2842,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:7,signatures:"Shufang Liang and Guobo Shen",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19940",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19940",authors:[{id:"37881",title:"Prof.",name:"Shufang",surname:"Liang",slug:"shufang-liang",fullName:"Shufang Liang"},{id:"55827",title:"Prof.",name:"Guobo",surname:"Shen",slug:"guobo-shen",fullName:"Guobo Shen"}],corrections:null},{id:"19941",title:"MicroRNA (miRNA) Regulation in Glioma: Implications in Development, Progression, Grading, Prognosis and Therapy",doi:"10.5772/23935",slug:"microrna-mirna-regulation-in-glioma-implications-in-development-progression-grading-prognosis-and-th",totalDownloads:2347,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:2,signatures:"Kumaravel Somasundaram, Soumya Alige Mahabala Rao and Zahid Nawaz",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19941",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19941",authors:[{id:"54550",title:"Prof.",name:"Kumaravel",surname:"Somasundaram",slug:"kumaravel-somasundaram",fullName:"Kumaravel Somasundaram"},{id:"54851",title:"Ms.",name:"Alige",surname:"Soumya",slug:"alige-soumya",fullName:"Alige Soumya"},{id:"54852",title:"Mr.",name:"Zahid",surname:"Nawaz",slug:"zahid-nawaz",fullName:"Zahid Nawaz"}],corrections:null},{id:"19942",title:"MicroRNA in Human Gliomas",doi:"10.5772/20172",slug:"microrna-in-human-gliomas",totalDownloads:1231,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Alfredo Conti, Lucia Merlo, Domenico La Torre and M’Hammed Aguennouz",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19942",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19942",authors:[{id:"37677",title:"Dr.",name:"Alfredo",surname:"Conti",slug:"alfredo-conti",fullName:"Alfredo Conti"},{id:"54947",title:"Dr.",name:"Lucia",surname:"Merlo",slug:"lucia-merlo",fullName:"Lucia Merlo"},{id:"54948",title:"Dr.",name:"Domenico",surname:"La Torre",slug:"domenico-la-torre",fullName:"Domenico La Torre"},{id:"54949",title:"Dr.",name:"M'Hammed",surname:"Aguennouz",slug:"m'hammed-aguennouz",fullName:"M'Hammed Aguennouz"}],corrections:null},{id:"19943",title:"Gliomas: Role of Wnt/β-Catenin/Tcf Signaling Pathway",doi:"10.5772/22310",slug:"gliomas-role-of-wnt-catenin-tcf-signaling-pathway",totalDownloads:1433,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Gangadhara Reddy Sareddy and Phanithi Prakash Babu",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19943",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19943",authors:[{id:"47201",title:"Dr.",name:"Phanithi Prakash",surname:"Babu",slug:"phanithi-prakash-babu",fullName:"Phanithi Prakash Babu"},{id:"55041",title:"Dr",name:"Gangadhara",surname:"Sareddy",slug:"gangadhara-sareddy",fullName:"Gangadhara Sareddy"}],corrections:null},{id:"19944",title:"Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-2: A Possible Regulator of Invasive Growth in Glioblastoma",doi:"10.5772/22461",slug:"insulin-like-growth-factor-binding-protein-2-a-possible-regulator-of-invasive-growth-in-glioblastoma",totalDownloads:1901,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Tsuyoshi Fukushima and Hiroaki Kataoka",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19944",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19944",authors:[{id:"47812",title:"Prof.",name:"Hiroaki",surname:"Kataoka",slug:"hiroaki-kataoka",fullName:"Hiroaki Kataoka"},{id:"53671",title:"Dr.",name:"Tsuyoshi",surname:"Fukushima",slug:"tsuyoshi-fukushima",fullName:"Tsuyoshi Fukushima"}],corrections:null},{id:"19945",title:"The Role of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutations in Glioma Brain Tumors",doi:"10.5772/23238",slug:"the-role-of-isocitrate-dehydrogenase-mutations-in-glioma-brain-tumors",totalDownloads:3964,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:2,signatures:"Chi-Ming Chang, Kaiming Xu and Hui-Kuo G. Shu",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19945",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19945",authors:[{id:"51242",title:"Dr.",name:"Hui-Kuo",surname:"Shu",slug:"hui-kuo-shu",fullName:"Hui-Kuo Shu"},{id:"57486",title:"Dr.",name:"Chi-Ming",surname:"Chang",slug:"chi-ming-chang",fullName:"Chi-Ming Chang"},{id:"57487",title:"Dr.",name:"Kaiming",surname:"Xu",slug:"kaiming-xu",fullName:"Kaiming Xu"}],corrections:null},{id:"19946",title:"The Expression of BORIS Protein in a Newly Established Primary Glioma Cell Culture Line",doi:"10.5772/23764",slug:"the-expression-of-boris-protein-in-a-newly-established-primary-glioma-cell-culture-line",totalDownloads:1860,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Siti Zawani Mohd Ramli, Shaharum Shamsuddin, Nik Norliza Hassan, Azmi Alias, Mohd Saffari Mohd Haspani and Jafri Abdullah",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19946",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19946",authors:[{id:"42580",title:"Prof.",name:"Jafri",surname:"Abdullah",slug:"jafri-abdullah",fullName:"Jafri Abdullah"},{id:"53613",title:"Mrs",name:"Siti Zawani",surname:"Mohd Ramli",slug:"siti-zawani-mohd-ramli",fullName:"Siti Zawani Mohd Ramli"},{id:"53614",title:"Dr.",name:"Shaharum",surname:"Shamsuddin",slug:"shaharum-shamsuddin",fullName:"Shaharum Shamsuddin"},{id:"53616",title:"Dr.",name:"Abdul Aziz",surname:"Mohamed Yusoff",slug:"abdul-aziz-mohamed-yusoff",fullName:"Abdul Aziz Mohamed Yusoff"},{id:"53618",title:"Dr.",name:"Azmi",surname:"Alias",slug:"azmi-alias",fullName:"Azmi Alias"},{id:"53619",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohd Saffari",surname:"Mohd Haspani",slug:"mohd-saffari-mohd-haspani",fullName:"Mohd Saffari Mohd Haspani"},{id:"53620",title:"Dr.",name:"Nik Norliza",surname:"Hassan",slug:"nik-norliza-hassan",fullName:"Nik Norliza Hassan"}],corrections:null},{id:"19947",title:"MiR-221/222 Promote the Growth of Malignant Glioma Cells by Regulating Its Target Genes",doi:"10.5772/23853",slug:"mir-221-222-promote-the-growth-of-malignant-glioma-cells-by-regulating-its-target-genes",totalDownloads:2605,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Zhang Chunzhi, Jiang Tao, Wang Jinhuan, Cheng Jinquan, Pu Peiyu and Kang Chunsheng",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19947",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19947",authors:[{id:"32217",title:"Prof.",name:"Chunsheng",surname:"Kang",slug:"chunsheng-kang",fullName:"Chunsheng Kang"},{id:"46409",title:"Prof.",name:"Peiyu",surname:"Pu",slug:"peiyu-pu",fullName:"Peiyu Pu"},{id:"54052",title:"Dr.",name:"Chunzhi",surname:"Zhang",slug:"chunzhi-zhang",fullName:"Chunzhi Zhang"},{id:"57288",title:"Prof.",name:"Tao",surname:"Jiang",slug:"tao-jiang",fullName:"Tao Jiang"},{id:"57289",title:"Prof.",name:"Jinhuan",surname:"Wang",slug:"jinhuan-wang",fullName:"Jinhuan Wang"},{id:"57290",title:"Prof.",name:"Jinquan",surname:"Cheng",slug:"jinquan-cheng",fullName:"Jinquan Cheng"}],corrections:null},{id:"19948",title:"Primary Glioblastoma with Different Patterns of EGFR Amplification and the Relationship with Gene Expression Profile",doi:"10.5772/21697",slug:"primary-glioblastoma-with-different-patterns-of-egfr-amplification-and-the-relationship-with-gene-ex",totalDownloads:2469,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,signatures:"Concha Lopez-Gines, Rosario Gil-Benso, Daniel Monleon, Jose Gonzalez-Darder and Miguel Cerda-Nicolas",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19948",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19948",authors:[{id:"44338",title:"Prof.",name:"Miguel",surname:"Cerda-Nicolas",slug:"miguel-cerda-nicolas",fullName:"Miguel Cerda-Nicolas"},{id:"54197",title:"Prof.",name:"Rosario",surname:"Gil-Benso",slug:"rosario-gil-benso",fullName:"Rosario Gil-Benso"},{id:"54198",title:"Prof.",name:"Concha",surname:"Lopez-Gines",slug:"concha-lopez-gines",fullName:"Concha Lopez-Gines"},{id:"88532",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",surname:"Monleon",slug:"daniel-monleon",fullName:"Daniel Monleon"},{id:"89256",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose",surname:"Gonzalez-Darder",slug:"jose-gonzalez-darder",fullName:"Jose Gonzalez-Darder"}],corrections:null},{id:"19949",title:"Nuclear Signaling of EGFR and EGFRvIII in Glioblastoma",doi:"10.5772/23721",slug:"nuclear-signaling-of-egfr-and-egfrviii-in-glioblastoma",totalDownloads:2960,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,signatures:"Anupama E. Gururaj, Oliver Bögler and Khatri Latha",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19949",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19949",authors:[{id:"53393",title:"Prof.",name:"Oliver",surname:"Bogler",slug:"oliver-bogler",fullName:"Oliver Bogler"},{id:"53411",title:"Dr",name:"Anupama",surname:"Gururaj",slug:"anupama-gururaj",fullName:"Anupama Gururaj"},{id:"53412",title:"Dr.",name:"Khatri",surname:"Latha",slug:"khatri-latha",fullName:"Khatri Latha"}],corrections:null},{id:"19950",title:"Ap 1 in Glioblastomas",doi:"10.5772/21670",slug:"ap-1-in-glioblastomas",totalDownloads:1118,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Densie Smith and Bruce Bejcek",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19950",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19950",authors:[{id:"44191",title:"Prof.",name:"Bruce",surname:"Bejcek",slug:"bruce-bejcek",fullName:"Bruce Bejcek"},{id:"54188",title:"Dr.",name:"Denise",surname:"Smith",slug:"denise-smith",fullName:"Denise Smith"}],corrections:null},{id:"19951",title:"The Musashi1 RNA-Binding Protein: A Critical Regulator in Glioblastoma",doi:"10.5772/19404",slug:"the-musashi1-rna-binding-protein-a-critical-regulator-in-glioblastoma",totalDownloads:1465,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,signatures:"Dat T. Vo, Devraj Sandhu, Jonathan A. Gelfond and Luiz O. Penalva",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19951",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19951",authors:[{id:"34864",title:"Dr.",name:"Luiz",surname:"Penalva",slug:"luiz-penalva",fullName:"Luiz Penalva"},{id:"53567",title:"Mr.",name:"Dat",surname:"Vo",slug:"dat-vo",fullName:"Dat Vo"},{id:"102099",title:"Mr.",name:"Devraj",surname:"Sandhu",slug:"devraj-sandhu",fullName:"Devraj Sandhu"},{id:"102100",title:"Dr.",name:"Jonathan",surname:"Gelfond",slug:"jonathan-gelfond",fullName:"Jonathan Gelfond"}],corrections:null},{id:"19952",title:"The Pivotal Roles of GSK3β in Glioma Biology",doi:"10.5772/21458",slug:"the-pivotal-roles-of-gsk3-in-glioma-biology",totalDownloads:3779,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:8,signatures:"Mitsutoshi Nakada, Toshinari Minamoto, Ilya V. Pyko, Yutaka Hayashi and Jun-ichiro Hamada",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19952",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19952",authors:[{id:"43162",title:"Prof.",name:"Mitsutoshi",surname:"Nakada",slug:"mitsutoshi-nakada",fullName:"Mitsutoshi Nakada"},{id:"43163",title:"Prof.",name:"Toshinari",surname:"Minamoto",slug:"toshinari-minamoto",fullName:"Toshinari Minamoto"},{id:"58666",title:"Dr.",name:"Yutaka",surname:"Hayashi",slug:"yutaka-hayashi",fullName:"Yutaka Hayashi"},{id:"58667",title:"Prof.",name:"Jun-Ichiro",surname:"Hamada",slug:"jun-ichiro-hamada",fullName:"Jun-Ichiro Hamada"},{id:"90986",title:"Dr.",name:"Ilya",surname:"Pyko",slug:"ilya-pyko",fullName:"Ilya Pyko"}],corrections:null},{id:"19953",title:"The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases a nd Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases in the Progression of Astrocytomas",doi:"10.5772/21358",slug:"the-role-of-matrix-metalloproteinases-a-nd-tissue-inhibitors-of-metalloproteinases-in-the-progressio",totalDownloads:1435,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Fábio Motta, Renata Canalle, France Yoshioka, Giovanny Pinto, Lúcia Harada, Carlotti Jurnior, Elvis Valera, Carlos Scrideli and Luiz Tone",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19953",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19953",authors:[{id:"42816",title:"Dr.",name:"Fábio",surname:"Motta",slug:"fandatildeandiexclbio-motta",fullName:"Fábio Motta"},{id:"49611",title:"Dr.",name:"Giovanny",surname:"Pinto",slug:"giovanny-pinto",fullName:"Giovanny Pinto"},{id:"55395",title:"Dr.",name:"Elvis",surname:"Valera",slug:"elvis-valera",fullName:"Elvis Valera"},{id:"55396",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",surname:"Scrideli",slug:"carlos-scrideli",fullName:"Carlos Scrideli"},{id:"55397",title:"Prof.",name:"Luiz",surname:"Tone",slug:"luiz-tone",fullName:"Luiz Tone"},{id:"57022",title:"Dr.",name:"France",surname:"Yoshioka",slug:"france-yoshioka",fullName:"France Yoshioka"},{id:"57315",title:"Dr.",name:"Renata",surname:"Canalle",slug:"renata-canalle",fullName:"Renata Canalle"},{id:"99854",title:"Dr.",name:"Lucia",surname:"Harada",slug:"lucia-harada",fullName:"Lucia Harada"},{id:"99855",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlotti",surname:"Junior",slug:"carlotti-junior",fullName:"Carlotti Junior"}],corrections:null},{id:"19954",title:"Medulloblastoma – Genetic Alterations",doi:"10.5772/20148",slug:"medulloblastoma-genetic-alterations",totalDownloads:1250,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,signatures:"Esther Manor and Lipa Bodner",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19954",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19954",authors:[{id:"37606",title:"Prof.",name:"Esther",surname:"Manor",slug:"esther-manor",fullName:"Esther Manor"},{id:"52792",title:"Prof.",name:"Lipa",surname:"Bodner",slug:"lipa-bodner",fullName:"Lipa Bodner"}],corrections:null},{id:"19955",title:"The Role of HGF/c-Met Pathway Signaling in Human Medulloblastoma",doi:"10.5772/23296",slug:"the-role-of-hgf-c-met-pathway-signaling-in-human-medulloblastoma",totalDownloads:4162,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:3,signatures:"Claudia Faria, Christian Smith and James Rutka",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19955",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19955",authors:[{id:"51475",title:"Dr.",name:"James",surname:"Rutka",slug:"james-rutka",fullName:"James Rutka"}],corrections:null},{id:"19956",title:"The Impact of Redox Balance in Brain Tumors",doi:"10.5772/24019",slug:"the-impact-of-redox-balance-in-brain-tumors",totalDownloads:2245,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,signatures:"Pinar Atukeren",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19956",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19956",authors:[{id:"54960",title:"Dr.",name:"Pınar",surname:"Atukeren",slug:"pinar-atukeren",fullName:"Pınar Atukeren"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"281",title:"Management of CNS Tumors",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6ed8b3dbd7b800e85bb1979fbb604872",slug:"management-of-cns-tumors",bookSignature:"Miklos Garami",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/281.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"34821",title:"Dr.",name:"Miklos",surname:"Garami",slug:"miklos-garami",fullName:"Miklos Garami"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3148",title:"Trends in Cell Signaling Pathways in Neuronal Fate Decision",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"30d6aecb66f395a002906718143f5156",slug:"trends-in-cell-signaling-pathways-in-neuronal-fate-decision",bookSignature:"Sabine Wislet-Gendebien",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3148.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"65329",title:"Dr.",name:"Sabine",surname:"Wislet",slug:"sabine-wislet",fullName:"Sabine Wislet"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"355",title:"Glioma",subtitle:"Exploring Its Biology and Practical Relevance",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e9fb4853e767e44389acc86fc629fb82",slug:"glioma-exploring-its-biology-and-practical-relevance",bookSignature:"Anirban Ghosh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/355.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"46516",title:"Dr.",name:"Anirban",surname:"Ghosh",slug:"anirban-ghosh",fullName:"Anirban Ghosh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3510",title:"Evolution of the Molecular Biology of Brain Tumors and the Therapeutic Implications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"55fec67e081aaf4092d93187b20ab6d1",slug:"evolution-of-the-molecular-biology-of-brain-tumors-and-the-therapeutic-implications",bookSignature:"Terry Lichtor",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3510.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37886",title:"Dr.",name:"Terry",surname:"Lichtor",slug:"terry-lichtor",fullName:"Terry Lichtor"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"538",title:"Diagnostic Techniques and Surgical Management of Brain Tumors",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1cda08bc4fbb610b7c5fffbb602fc528",slug:"diagnostic-techniques-and-surgical-management-of-brain-tumors",bookSignature:"Ana Lucia Abujamra",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/538.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"38444",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana Lucia",surname:"Abujamra",slug:"ana-lucia-abujamra",fullName:"Ana Lucia Abujamra"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3277",title:"Clinical Management and Evolving Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Patients with Brain Tumors",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0e1a016e5ad3e9dcbbc94c20cd188ee5",slug:"clinical-management-and-evolving-novel-therapeutic-strategies-for-patients-with-brain-tumors",bookSignature:"Terry Lichtor",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3277.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37886",title:"Dr.",name:"Terry",surname:"Lichtor",slug:"terry-lichtor",fullName:"Terry Lichtor"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"537",title:"Brain Tumors",subtitle:"Current and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1b4bc214ae502bbfda3c7d1da8866363",slug:"brain-tumors-current-and-emerging-therapeutic-strategies",bookSignature:"Ana L. Abujamra",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/537.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"38444",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana Lucia",surname:"Abujamra",slug:"ana-lucia-abujamra",fullName:"Ana Lucia Abujamra"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1295",title:"Advances in the Biology, Imaging and Therapies for Glioblastoma",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a0ebd467ae4d881c6e4faa4ce169f35a",slug:"advances-in-the-biology-imaging-and-therapies-for-glioblastoma",bookSignature:"Clark C. Chen",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1295.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"62462",title:"Prof.",name:"Clark",surname:"Chen",slug:"clark-chen",fullName:"Clark Chen"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"4490",title:"Molecular Considerations and Evolving Surgical Management Issues in the Treatment of Patients with a Brain Tumor",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"091b858bd9f3a370312221ba9fd6085f",slug:"molecular-considerations-and-evolving-surgical-management-issues-in-the-treatment-of-patients-with-a-brain-tumor",bookSignature:"Terry Lichtor",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/4490.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37886",title:"Dr.",name:"Terry",surname:"Lichtor",slug:"terry-lichtor",fullName:"Terry Lichtor"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"770",title:"Pheochromocytoma",subtitle:"A New View of the Old Problem",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9a4b86dbd6e0df04b22b3b2a11bbb9ed",slug:"pheochromocytoma-a-new-view-of-the-old-problem",bookSignature:"Jose Fernando Martin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/770.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"75225",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose Fernando",surname:"Martin",slug:"jose-fernando-martin",fullName:"Jose Fernando Martin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],ofsBooks:[]},correction:{item:{id:"66684",slug:"corrigendum-to-therapeutic-use-of-some-romanian-medicinal-plants",title:"Corrigendum to: Therapeutic Use of Some Romanian Medicinal Plants",doi:null,correctionPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/66684.pdf",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/66684",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/66684",totalDownloads:null,totalCrossrefCites:null,bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/66684",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/66684",chapter:{id:"64833",slug:"therapeutic-use-of-some-romanian-medicinal-plants",signatures:"Adina-Elena Segneanu, Claudiu Cepan, Ioan Grozescu, Florentina Cziple, Sorin Olariu, Sonia Ratiu, Viorica Lazar, Sorin Marius Murariu, Silvia Maria Velciov and Teodora Daniela Marti",dateSubmitted:"July 23rd 2018",dateReviewed:"November 11th 2018",datePrePublished:"January 9th 2019",datePublished:"June 19th 2019",book:{id:"8290",title:"Pharmacognosy",subtitle:"Medicinal Plants",fullTitle:"Pharmacognosy - Medicinal Plants",slug:"pharmacognosy-medicinal-plants",publishedDate:"June 19th 2019",bookSignature:"Shagufta Perveen and Areej Al-Taweel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8290.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"192992",title:"Prof.",name:"Shagufta",middleName:null,surname:"Perveen",slug:"shagufta-perveen",fullName:"Shagufta Perveen"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"25269",title:"Dr.",name:"Adina-Elena",middleName:null,surname:"Segneanu",fullName:"Adina-Elena Segneanu",slug:"adina-elena-segneanu",email:"s_adinaelena@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"156334",title:"Prof.",name:"Ioan",middleName:null,surname:"Grozescu",fullName:"Ioan Grozescu",slug:"ioan-grozescu",email:"ioangrozescu@gmail.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"205722",title:"Dr.",name:"Silvia",middleName:null,surname:"Velciov",fullName:"Silvia Velciov",slug:"silvia-velciov",email:"s_velciov@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"205723",title:"Prof.",name:"Sorin",middleName:null,surname:"Olariu",fullName:"Sorin Olariu",slug:"sorin-olariu",email:"srolariu@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"205724",title:"Dr.",name:"Florentina",middleName:null,surname:"Cziple",fullName:"Florentina Cziple",slug:"florentina-cziple",email:"cflorentina@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"282836",title:"MSc.",name:"Claudiu",middleName:null,surname:"Cepan",fullName:"Claudiu Cepan",slug:"claudiu-cepan",email:"cepancaludiu@gmail.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"282837",title:"Dr.",name:"Sonia",middleName:null,surname:"Ratiu",fullName:"Sonia Ratiu",slug:"sonia-ratiu",email:"srnolariu@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"282839",title:"Dr.",name:"Viorica",middleName:null,surname:"Lazar",fullName:"Viorica Lazar",slug:"viorica-lazar",email:"v.lazar@gmail.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"287216",title:"Dr.",name:"Teodora Daniela",middleName:null,surname:"Marti",fullName:"Teodora Daniela Marti",slug:"teodora-daniela-marti",email:"dana_m73@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null}]}},chapter:{id:"64833",slug:"therapeutic-use-of-some-romanian-medicinal-plants",signatures:"Adina-Elena Segneanu, Claudiu Cepan, Ioan Grozescu, Florentina Cziple, Sorin Olariu, Sonia Ratiu, Viorica Lazar, Sorin Marius Murariu, Silvia Maria Velciov and Teodora Daniela Marti",dateSubmitted:"July 23rd 2018",dateReviewed:"November 11th 2018",datePrePublished:"January 9th 2019",datePublished:"June 19th 2019",book:{id:"8290",title:"Pharmacognosy",subtitle:"Medicinal Plants",fullTitle:"Pharmacognosy - Medicinal Plants",slug:"pharmacognosy-medicinal-plants",publishedDate:"June 19th 2019",bookSignature:"Shagufta Perveen and Areej Al-Taweel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8290.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"192992",title:"Prof.",name:"Shagufta",middleName:null,surname:"Perveen",slug:"shagufta-perveen",fullName:"Shagufta Perveen"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"25269",title:"Dr.",name:"Adina-Elena",middleName:null,surname:"Segneanu",fullName:"Adina-Elena Segneanu",slug:"adina-elena-segneanu",email:"s_adinaelena@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"156334",title:"Prof.",name:"Ioan",middleName:null,surname:"Grozescu",fullName:"Ioan Grozescu",slug:"ioan-grozescu",email:"ioangrozescu@gmail.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"205722",title:"Dr.",name:"Silvia",middleName:null,surname:"Velciov",fullName:"Silvia Velciov",slug:"silvia-velciov",email:"s_velciov@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"205723",title:"Prof.",name:"Sorin",middleName:null,surname:"Olariu",fullName:"Sorin Olariu",slug:"sorin-olariu",email:"srolariu@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"205724",title:"Dr.",name:"Florentina",middleName:null,surname:"Cziple",fullName:"Florentina Cziple",slug:"florentina-cziple",email:"cflorentina@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"282836",title:"MSc.",name:"Claudiu",middleName:null,surname:"Cepan",fullName:"Claudiu Cepan",slug:"claudiu-cepan",email:"cepancaludiu@gmail.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"282837",title:"Dr.",name:"Sonia",middleName:null,surname:"Ratiu",fullName:"Sonia Ratiu",slug:"sonia-ratiu",email:"srnolariu@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"282839",title:"Dr.",name:"Viorica",middleName:null,surname:"Lazar",fullName:"Viorica Lazar",slug:"viorica-lazar",email:"v.lazar@gmail.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"287216",title:"Dr.",name:"Teodora Daniela",middleName:null,surname:"Marti",fullName:"Teodora Daniela Marti",slug:"teodora-daniela-marti",email:"dana_m73@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null}]},book:{id:"8290",title:"Pharmacognosy",subtitle:"Medicinal Plants",fullTitle:"Pharmacognosy - Medicinal Plants",slug:"pharmacognosy-medicinal-plants",publishedDate:"June 19th 2019",bookSignature:"Shagufta Perveen and Areej Al-Taweel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8290.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"192992",title:"Prof.",name:"Shagufta",middleName:null,surname:"Perveen",slug:"shagufta-perveen",fullName:"Shagufta Perveen"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},ofsBook:{item:{type:"book",id:"7375",leadTitle:null,title:"Medical Robotics",subtitle:"New Achievements",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"Medical robotics has significant potential for treating patients rapidly and comfortably. Surgical and rehabilitation robotic systems comprise a major portion of medical robots. Both types of robots have unique advantages that are continually improved upon day after day and year after year. This book critically examines the development and historical evolution of medical robotics with a particular focus on urologic robotic surgery.",isbn:"978-1-83968-496-8",printIsbn:"978-1-83968-495-1",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83968-497-5",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.75257",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"medical-robotics-new-achievements",numberOfPages:164,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f24f06bf5980967a1ea36afe23fc0b02",bookSignature:"Serdar Küçük and Abdullah Erdem Canda",publishedDate:"April 15th 2020",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7375.jpg",keywords:null,numberOfDownloads:2925,numberOfWosCitations:1,numberOfCrossrefCitations:3,numberOfDimensionsCitations:3,numberOfTotalCitations:7,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"July 9th 2018",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"November 7th 2018",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"January 6th 2019",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"March 27th 2019",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"May 26th 2019",remainingDaysToSecondStep:"2 years",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,biosketch:null,coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"5424",title:"Dr.",name:"Serdar",middleName:null,surname:"Küçük",slug:"serdar-kucuk",fullName:"Serdar Küçük",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/5424/images/system/5424.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Serdar Küçük received a BA and MSc from Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey, in 1995 and 1998, respectively. He received a Ph.D. from Kocaeli University, Turkey, in 2004. He is currently a full professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kocaeli University. He has published several international conference papers, journal papers, books, and book chapters. He serves as a reviewer for several well-known robotics journals. He has also edited a number of scientific books. His research interests include optimization, control, kinematics, and dynamics modeling of serial and parallel robotic manipulators. Lately, Dr. Kucuk has also been interested in designing electrical controlled above-the-knee prosthetics and hand–wrist rehabilitation robots, surgical robots, and biomedical robotic devices.",institutionString:"University of Kocaeli",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"3",institution:{name:"University of Kocaeli",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}}],coeditorOne:{id:"69657",title:"Prof.",name:"Abdullah Erdem",middleName:null,surname:"Canda",slug:"abdullah-erdem-canda",fullName:"Abdullah Erdem Canda",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/69657/images/system/69657.jfif",biography:"Prof. Canda has been involved in robotic urology since 2009. He has experience and exposure to>1000 robotic procedures. \r\nHe is a member of the European Association of Urology (EAU) and the EAU Robotic Urology Section (ERUS). Currently, he is serving as an ERUS board member and he was a junior-ERUS member in the past. He received various awards for his robotic urology presentations during international meetings. \r\nHe is interested in ‘’Training in Robotic Urology’’ and is serving as a trainer for ORSI Academy Robotic Surgery\r\nTraining Center in Belgium. \r\nHe has particular experience in robotic prostate cancer, kidney cancer and bladder cancer surgery with intracorporeal urinary diversion. Prof. Canda has co-authored many scientific articles on robotic urology, published in international peer-reviewed journals. \r\nHe is also a board member of European Urology, videosurgery section editor of Central European Journal of Urology (CEJU), editor-in-chief of European Medical Journal of Urology and editorial board member of Robotic surgery research and reviews journal.",institutionString:"Koç University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Koç University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}},coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"1125",title:"Rehabilitation Robotics",slug:"rehabilitation-robotics"}],chapters:[{id:"66715",title:"Introductory Chapter: Medical Robots in Surgery and Rehabilitation",slug:"introductory-chapter-medical-robots-in-surgery-and-rehabilitation",totalDownloads:262,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"5424",title:"Dr.",name:"Serdar",surname:"Küçük",slug:"serdar-kucuk",fullName:"Serdar Küçük"}]},{id:"66614",title:"CFD Analysis of Flow Characteristics in a Jet Laryngoscope and the Different Application Forms of Superimposed Jet Ventilation",slug:"cfd-analysis-of-flow-characteristics-in-a-jet-laryngoscope-and-the-different-application-forms-of-su",totalDownloads:358,totalCrossrefCites:1,authors:[{id:"283149",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Aloy",slug:"alexander-aloy",fullName:"Alexander Aloy"},{id:"290610",title:"Mr.",name:"Simon",surname:"Hell",slug:"simon-hell",fullName:"Simon Hell"},{id:"290611",title:"Dr.",name:"Andreas",surname:"Nowak",slug:"andreas-nowak",fullName:"Andreas Nowak"},{id:"290612",title:"Prof.",name:"Matthaeus",surname:"Grasl",slug:"matthaeus-grasl",fullName:"Matthaeus Grasl"}]},{id:"64702",title:"Application of a Robotic Rehabilitation Training System for Recovery of Severe Plegie Hand Motor Function after a Stroke",slug:"application-of-a-robotic-rehabilitation-training-system-for-recovery-of-severe-plegie-hand-motor-fun",totalDownloads:638,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"1624",title:"Prof.",name:"Yoshifumi",surname:"Morita",slug:"yoshifumi-morita",fullName:"Yoshifumi Morita"},{id:"266954",title:"Prof.",name:"Hirofumi",surname:"Tanabe",slug:"hirofumi-tanabe",fullName:"Hirofumi Tanabe"},{id:"273764",title:"Dr.",name:"Munehiro",surname:"Ikuta",slug:"munehiro-ikuta",fullName:"Munehiro Ikuta"},{id:"273905",title:"MSc.",name:"Toshimasa",surname:"Mikawa",slug:"toshimasa-mikawa",fullName:"Toshimasa Mikawa"},{id:"274363",title:"MSc.",name:"Akihiko",surname:"Kondo",slug:"akihiko-kondo",fullName:"Akihiko Kondo"}]},{id:"69924",title:"An Active Exoskeleton Called P.I.G.R.O. Designed for Unloaded Robotic Neurorehabilitation Training",slug:"an-active-exoskeleton-called-p-i-g-r-o-designed-for-unloaded-robotic-neurorehabilitation-training",totalDownloads:343,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"14069",title:"PhD.",name:"Gabriella",surname:"Eula",slug:"gabriella-eula",fullName:"Gabriella Eula"},{id:"14077",title:"Prof.",name:"Terenziano",surname:"Raparelli",slug:"terenziano-raparelli",fullName:"Terenziano Raparelli"},{id:"61056",title:"Mr.",name:"Katiuscia",surname:"Sacco",slug:"katiuscia-sacco",fullName:"Katiuscia Sacco"},{id:"313089",title:"Prof.",name:"Guido",surname:"Belforte",slug:"guido-belforte",fullName:"Guido Belforte"},{id:"313094",title:"Dr.",name:"Silvia",surname:"Sirolli",slug:"silvia-sirolli",fullName:"Silvia Sirolli"},{id:"313095",title:"Dr.",name:"Silvia",surname:"Appendino",slug:"silvia-appendino",fullName:"Silvia Appendino"},{id:"313096",title:"Prof.",name:"Giuliano Carlo",surname:"Geminiani",slug:"giuliano-carlo-geminiani",fullName:"Giuliano Carlo Geminiani"},{id:"313097",title:"Dr.",name:"Elisabetta",surname:"Geda",slug:"elisabetta-geda",fullName:"Elisabetta Geda"},{id:"313098",title:"Dr.",name:"Marina",surname:"Zettin",slug:"marina-zettin",fullName:"Marina Zettin"},{id:"313101",title:"Dr.",name:"Roberta",surname:"Virgilio",slug:"roberta-virgilio",fullName:"Roberta Virgilio"}]},{id:"69899",title:"Surgical Planning and Additive Manufacturing of an Anatomical Model: A Case Study of a Spine Surgery",slug:"surgical-planning-and-additive-manufacturing-of-an-anatomical-model-a-case-study-of-a-spine-surgery",totalDownloads:245,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"312289",title:"Dr.",name:"Mucahit",surname:"Ege",slug:"mucahit-ege",fullName:"Mucahit Ege"},{id:"312290",title:"Dr.",name:"Levent",surname:"Aydin",slug:"levent-aydin",fullName:"Levent Aydin"}]},{id:"70419",title:"Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction: Robot-Assisted Pyeloplasty",slug:"ureteropelvic-junction-obstruction-robot-assisted-pyeloplasty",totalDownloads:289,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"307565",title:"Prof.",name:"Nicolo'Maria",surname:"Buffi",slug:"nicolo'maria-buffi",fullName:"Nicolo'Maria Buffi"},{id:"309172",title:"Dr.",name:"Pietro",surname:"Diana",slug:"pietro-diana",fullName:"Pietro Diana"},{id:"309173",title:"Dr.",name:"Paolo",surname:"Casale",slug:"paolo-casale",fullName:"Paolo Casale"},{id:"309174",title:"Dr.",name:"Alberto",surname:"Saita",slug:"alberto-saita",fullName:"Alberto Saita"}]},{id:"69347",title:"Robotic-Assisted Inguinal Lymphadenectomy (RAIL)",slug:"robotic-assisted-inguinal-lymphadenectomy-rail-",totalDownloads:213,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"257796",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Victor Enrique",surname:"Corona-Montes",slug:"victor-enrique-corona-montes",fullName:"Victor Enrique Corona-Montes"},{id:"307685",title:"Dr.",name:"Eduardo",surname:"Gonzalez-Cuenca",slug:"eduardo-gonzalez-cuenca",fullName:"Eduardo Gonzalez-Cuenca"},{id:"307686",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcos",surname:"Tobias Machado",slug:"marcos-tobias-machado",fullName:"Marcos Tobias Machado"}]},{id:"69484",title:"Robotic Sacrocolpopexy for Treatment of Prolapse of the Apical Segment of the Vagina",slug:"robotic-sacrocolpopexy-for-treatment-of-prolapse-of-the-apical-segment-of-the-vagina",totalDownloads:232,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"307239",title:"Prof.",name:"Kyu-Sung",surname:"Lee",slug:"kyu-sung-lee",fullName:"Kyu-Sung Lee"},{id:"310021",title:"Prof.",name:"Kwang Jin",surname:"Ko",slug:"kwang-jin-ko",fullName:"Kwang Jin Ko"}]},{id:"70819",title:"Robot-Assisted Kidney Transplantation",slug:"robot-assisted-kidney-transplantation",totalDownloads:353,totalCrossrefCites:2,authors:[{id:"308495",title:"M.D.",name:"Benjamin",surname:"Van Parys",slug:"benjamin-van-parys",fullName:"Benjamin Van Parys"},{id:"308618",title:"Prof.",name:"Karel",surname:"Decaestecker",slug:"karel-decaestecker",fullName:"Karel Decaestecker"},{id:"312993",title:"Dr.",name:"Angelo",surname:"Territo",slug:"angelo-territo",fullName:"Angelo Territo"},{id:"312994",title:"Dr.",name:"Ricardo",surname:"Campi",slug:"ricardo-campi",fullName:"Ricardo Campi"},{id:"312996",title:"Dr.",name:"Liesbeth",surname:"Desender",slug:"liesbeth-desender",fullName:"Liesbeth Desender"},{id:"312997",title:"Dr.",name:"Alberto",surname:"Breda",slug:"alberto-breda",fullName:"Alberto Breda"},{id:"313412",title:"Dr.",name:"Giulio",surname:"Bevilacqua",slug:"giulio-bevilacqua",fullName:"Giulio Bevilacqua"}]}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"177730",firstName:"Edi",lastName:"Lipovic",middleName:null,title:"Mr.",imageUrl:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/177730/images/4741_n.jpg",email:"edi@intechopen.com",biography:"As an Author Service Manager my responsibilities include monitoring and facilitating all publishing activities for authors and editors. From chapter submission and review, to approval and revision, copyediting and design, until final publication, I work closely with authors and editors to ensure a simple and easy publishing process. I maintain constant and effective communication with authors, editors and reviewers, which allows for a level of personal support that enables contributors to fully commit and concentrate on the chapters they are writing, editing, or reviewing. I assist authors in the preparation of their full chapter submissions and track important deadlines and ensure they are met. I help to coordinate internal processes such as linguistic review, and monitor the technical aspects of the process. As an ASM I am also involved in the acquisition of editors. Whether that be identifying an exceptional author and proposing an editorship collaboration, or contacting researchers who would like the opportunity to work with IntechOpen, I establish and help manage author and editor acquisition and contact."}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"1876",title:"Serial and Parallel Robot Manipulators",subtitle:"Kinematics, Dynamics, Control and Optimization",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ccdd21118a081fb3fada9ceddafa4192",slug:"serial-and-parallel-robot-manipulators-kinematics-dynamics-control-and-optimization",bookSignature:"Serdar Kucuk",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1876.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"5424",title:"Dr.",name:"Serdar",surname:"Küçük",slug:"serdar-kucuk",fullName:"Serdar Küçük"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5798",title:"Surgical Robotics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0b5965ad361c21e8be05cdd6cce1293a",slug:"surgical-robotics",bookSignature:"Serdar Küçük",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5798.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"5424",title:"Dr.",name:"Serdar",surname:"Küçük",slug:"serdar-kucuk",fullName:"Serdar Küçük"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5250",title:"Rehabilitation Robotics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e0eaf6765b0dd908ec6a9e888254cdcb",slug:"rehabilitation_robotics",bookSignature:"Sashi S Kommu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5250.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"9902",title:"Dr.",name:"Sashi S.",surname:"Kommu",slug:"sashi-s.-kommu",fullName:"Sashi S. Kommu"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophanides",surname:"Theophile",slug:"theophanides-theophile",fullName:"Theophanides Theophile"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"314",title:"Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering",subtitle:"Cells and Biomaterials",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bb67e80e480c86bb8315458012d65686",slug:"regenerative-medicine-and-tissue-engineering-cells-and-biomaterials",bookSignature:"Daniel Eberli",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/314.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"6495",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",surname:"Eberli",slug:"daniel-eberli",fullName:"Daniel Eberli"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"57",title:"Physics and Applications of Graphene",subtitle:"Experiments",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0e6622a71cf4f02f45bfdd5691e1189a",slug:"physics-and-applications-of-graphene-experiments",bookSignature:"Sergey Mikhailov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/57.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"16042",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergey",surname:"Mikhailov",slug:"sergey-mikhailov",fullName:"Sergey Mikhailov"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"31338",title:"Early Biosphere: Origin and Evolution",doi:"10.5772/35301",slug:"early-biosphere-origin-and-evolution",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/31338.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/31338",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/31338",totalDownloads:5624,totalViews:254,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:1,dateSubmitted:"May 10th 2011",dateReviewed:"October 14th 2011",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"March 14th 2012",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/31338",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/31338",book:{slug:"the-biosphere"},signatures:"Vladimir F. Levchenko, Alexander B. Kazansky, Marat A. Sabirov and Eugenia M. Semenova",authors:[{id:"103810",title:"Dr.",name:"Vladimir",middleName:"Fedorovich",surname:"Levchenko",fullName:"Vladimir Levchenko",slug:"vladimir-levchenko",email:"vflew@mail.wplus.net",position:null,institution:{name:"Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Russia"}}},{id:"103824",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexander",middleName:null,surname:"Kazansky",fullName:"Alexander Kazansky",slug:"alexander-kazansky",email:"kazansky@iephb.nw.ru",position:null,institution:{name:"Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Russia"}}},{id:"103830",title:"MSc.",name:"Marat",middleName:null,surname:"Sabirov",fullName:"Marat Sabirov",slug:"marat-sabirov",email:"sabirov@iephb.nw.ru",position:null,institution:null},{id:"103838",title:"BSc.",name:"Eugenia",middleName:null,surname:"Semenova",fullName:"Eugenia Semenova",slug:"eugenia-semenova",email:"semenova@iephb.nw.ru",position:null,institution:{name:"Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Russia"}}}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"1816",title:"The Biosphere",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"The Biosphere",slug:"the-biosphere",publishedDate:"March 14th 2012",bookSignature:"Natarajan Ishwaran",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1816.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"114574",title:"Dr.",name:"Natarajan",middleName:null,surname:"Ishwaran",slug:"natarajan-ishwaran",fullName:"Natarajan Ishwaran"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"31338",title:"Early Biosphere: Origin and Evolution",slug:"early-biosphere-origin-and-evolution",totalDownloads:5624,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Vladimir F. Levchenko, Alexander B. Kazansky, Marat A. Sabirov and Eugenia M. Semenova",authors:[{id:"103810",title:"Dr.",name:"Vladimir",middleName:"Fedorovich",surname:"Levchenko",fullName:"Vladimir Levchenko",slug:"vladimir-levchenko"},{id:"103824",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexander",middleName:null,surname:"Kazansky",fullName:"Alexander Kazansky",slug:"alexander-kazansky"},{id:"103830",title:"MSc.",name:"Marat",middleName:null,surname:"Sabirov",fullName:"Marat Sabirov",slug:"marat-sabirov"},{id:"103838",title:"BSc.",name:"Eugenia",middleName:null,surname:"Semenova",fullName:"Eugenia Semenova",slug:"eugenia-semenova"}]},{id:"31339",title:"The Search for the Origin of Life: Some Remarks About the Emergence of Biological Structures",slug:"the-search-for-the-origin-of-life-some-remarks-about-the-emergence-of-biological-structures",totalDownloads:1982,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Mirko Di Bernardo",authors:[{id:"99982",title:"Dr.",name:"Mirko",middleName:null,surname:"Di Bernardo",fullName:"Mirko Di Bernardo",slug:"mirko-di-bernardo"}]},{id:"31340",title:"The Biosphere: A Thermodynamic Imperative",slug:"the-biosphere-a-thermodynamic-imperative",totalDownloads:2086,totalCrossrefCites:4,signatures:"Karo Michaelian",authors:[{id:"100959",title:"Dr.",name:"Karo",middleName:null,surname:"Michaelian",fullName:"Karo Michaelian",slug:"karo-michaelian"}]},{id:"31341",title:"Yukon Taiga – Past, Present and Future",slug:"yukon-taiga-past-present-and-future-",totalDownloads:2468,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Rodney Arthur Savidge",authors:[{id:"96634",title:"Dr.",name:"Rodney",middleName:null,surname:"Savidge",fullName:"Rodney Savidge",slug:"rodney-savidge"}]},{id:"31342",title:"Trace Metals and Radionuclides in Austrian Forest Ecosystems",slug:"trace-metals-in-austrian-forest-ecosystems",totalDownloads:2100,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Stefan Smidt, Robert Jandl, Heidi Bauer, Alfred Fürst, Franz Mutsch, Harald Zechmeister and Claudia Seidel",authors:[{id:"103072",title:"Dr.",name:"Stefan",middleName:null,surname:"Smidt",fullName:"Stefan Smidt",slug:"stefan-smidt"},{id:"129604",title:"Dr.",name:"Robert",middleName:null,surname:"Jandl",fullName:"Robert Jandl",slug:"robert-jandl"}]},{id:"31343",title:"Plant Extracts: A Potential Tool for Controlling Animal Parasitic Nematodes",slug:"plant-extracts-a-potential-tool-for-controlling-animal-parasitic-nematodes",totalDownloads:5226,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Pedro Mendoza de Gives, María Eugenia López Arellano, Enrique Liébano Hernández and Liliana Aguilar Marcelino",authors:[{id:"101622",title:"Dr.",name:"Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"Mendoza De Gives",fullName:"Pedro Mendoza De Gives",slug:"pedro-mendoza-de-gives"}]},{id:"31344",title:"Understanding Linkages Between Public Participation and Management of Protected Areas – Case Study of Serbia",slug:"understanding-linkages-between-public-participation-and-management-of-protected-areas-case-study-of-",totalDownloads:2033,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Jelena Tomićević, Ivana Bjedov, Margaret A. Shannon and Dragica Obratov-Petković",authors:[{id:"104441",title:"Dr.",name:"Jelena",middleName:null,surname:"Tomićević",fullName:"Jelena Tomićević",slug:"jelena-tomicevic"},{id:"104448",title:"MSc.",name:"Ivana",middleName:null,surname:"Bjedov",fullName:"Ivana Bjedov",slug:"ivana-bjedov"},{id:"104451",title:"Prof.",name:"Margaret A.",middleName:null,surname:"Shannon",fullName:"Margaret A. Shannon",slug:"margaret-a.-shannon"},{id:"104452",title:"Prof.",name:"Dragica",middleName:null,surname:"Obratov-Petković",fullName:"Dragica Obratov-Petković",slug:"dragica-obratov-petkovic"}]},{id:"31345",title:"The Materially Finite Global Economy Metered in a Unified Physical Currency",slug:"the-materially-finite-global-economy-metered-in-a-unified-physical-currency",totalDownloads:1896,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"John E. Coulter",authors:[{id:"92942",title:"Dr.",name:"John",middleName:"E",surname:"Coulter",fullName:"John Coulter",slug:"john-coulter"}]},{id:"31346",title:"Biosphere Reserves",slug:"concept-of-biosphere-reserve-principles-of-planning-",totalDownloads:3637,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Murat Özyavuz",authors:[{id:"93073",title:"Dr.",name:"Murat",middleName:null,surname:"Ozyavuz",fullName:"Murat Ozyavuz",slug:"murat-ozyavuz"}]},{id:"31347",title:"The Importance of Biosphere Reserve In Nature Protection and the Situation In Turkey",slug:"the-importance-of-biosphere-reserve-in-nature-protection-and-the-situation-in-turkey",totalDownloads:6481,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Sibel Saricam and Umit Erdem",authors:[{id:"97419",title:"Dr.",name:"Sibel",middleName:null,surname:"Yiǧiter Sariçam",fullName:"Sibel Yiǧiter Sariçam",slug:"sibel-yiiter-saricam"},{id:"104545",title:"Prof.",name:"Umit",middleName:null,surname:"Erdem",fullName:"Umit Erdem",slug:"umit-erdem"}]},{id:"31348",title:"Wealth of Flora and Vegetation in the La Campana-Peñuelas Biosphere Reserve, Valparaiso Region, Chile",slug:"richness-of-flora-and-vegetation-of-the-biosphere-reserve-la-campana-pe-uelas-region-of-valparaiso-c",totalDownloads:2351,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Enrique Hauenstein",authors:[{id:"100786",title:"MSc.",name:"Enrique",middleName:null,surname:"Hauenstein",fullName:"Enrique Hauenstein",slug:"enrique-hauenstein"}]},{id:"31349",title:"Investigation of Reproductive Birds in Hara Biosphere Reserve, Threats and Management Strategies",slug:"investigation-of-reproductive-birds-in-hara-biosphere-reserve-threats-and-management-strategies",totalDownloads:2720,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Elnaz Neinavaz, Elham Khalilzadeh Shirazi, Besat Emami and Yasaman Dilmaghani",authors:[{id:"61102",title:"MSc",name:"Elnaz",middleName:null,surname:"Neinavaz",fullName:"Elnaz Neinavaz",slug:"elnaz-neinavaz"},{id:"102758",title:"MSc.",name:"Besat",middleName:null,surname:"Emami",fullName:"Besat Emami",slug:"besat-emami"},{id:"102759",title:"MSc.",name:"Yasaman",middleName:null,surname:"Dilmaghani",fullName:"Yasaman Dilmaghani",slug:"yasaman-dilmaghani"},{id:"102760",title:"MSc.",name:"Elham",middleName:null,surname:"Khalilzadeh Shirazi",fullName:"Elham Khalilzadeh Shirazi",slug:"elham-khalilzadeh-shirazi"}]},{id:"31350",title:"Livelihoods and Local Ecological Knowledge in Cat Tien Biosphere Reserve, Vietnam: Opportunities and Challenges for Biodiversity Conservation",slug:"livelihoods-and-local-ecological-knowledge-in-cat-tien-biosphere-reserve-vietnam-opportunities-and-c",totalDownloads:5101,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Dinh Thanh Sang, Hyakumura Kimihiko and Ogata Kazuo",authors:[{id:"93682",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Thanh Sang",middleName:"Thanh",surname:"Dinh",fullName:"Thanh Sang Dinh",slug:"thanh-sang-dinh"},{id:"97800",title:"Prof.",name:"Kazuo",middleName:null,surname:"Ogata",fullName:"Kazuo Ogata",slug:"kazuo-ogata"},{id:"103081",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Kimihiko",middleName:null,surname:"Hyakumura",fullName:"Kimihiko Hyakumura",slug:"kimihiko-hyakumura"}]},{id:"31351",title:"UNESCO Biosphere Reserves Towards Common Intellectual Ground",slug:"unesco-biosphere-reserves-towards-common-intellectual-ground",totalDownloads:1868,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Richard C. Mitchell, Bradley May, Samantha Purdy and Crystal Vella",authors:[{id:"92952",title:"Dr.",name:"Richard",middleName:"C.",surname:"Mitchell",fullName:"Richard Mitchell",slug:"richard-mitchell"},{id:"104549",title:"Mr.",name:"Bradley",middleName:null,surname:"May",fullName:"Bradley May",slug:"bradley-may"},{id:"133800",title:"Ms.",name:"Samantha",middleName:null,surname:"Purdy",fullName:"Samantha Purdy",slug:"samantha-purdy"},{id:"135461",title:"Ms.",name:"Chrystal",middleName:null,surname:"Vella",fullName:"Chrystal Vella",slug:"chrystal-vella"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophanides",surname:"Theophile",slug:"theophanides-theophile",fullName:"Theophanides Theophile"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"36273",title:"Introduction to Infrared Spectroscopy",slug:"introduction-to-infrared-spectroscopy",signatures:"Theophile Theophanides",authors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophanides",middleName:null,surname:"Theophile",fullName:"Theophanides Theophile",slug:"theophanides-theophile"}]},{id:"36166",title:"Using Infrared Spectroscopy to Identify New Amorphous Phases - A Case Study of Carbonato Complex Formed by Mechanochemical Processing",slug:"using-infrared-spectroscopy-to-identify-new-amorphous-phases-a-case-study-of-carbonato-complexes-fo",signatures:"Tadej Rojac, Primož Šegedin and Marija Kosec",authors:[{id:"25116",title:"Prof.",name:"Marija",middleName:null,surname:"Kosec",fullName:"Marija Kosec",slug:"marija-kosec"},{id:"105876",title:"Dr.",name:"Tadej",middleName:null,surname:"Rojac",fullName:"Tadej Rojac",slug:"tadej-rojac"},{id:"111754",title:"Prof.",name:"Primoz",middleName:null,surname:"Segedin",fullName:"Primoz Segedin",slug:"primoz-segedin"}]},{id:"36167",title:"Application of Infrared Spectroscopy to Analysis of Chitosan/Clay Nanocomposites",slug:"application-of-infrared-spectroscopy-to-analysis-of-chitosan-clay-nanocomposites",signatures:"Suédina M.L. Silva, Carla R.C. Braga, Marcus V.L. Fook, Claudia M.O. Raposo, Laura H. Carvalho and Eduardo L. Canedo",authors:[{id:"104808",title:"Prof.",name:"Suedina Maria",middleName:"De Lima",surname:"Silva",fullName:"Suedina Maria Silva",slug:"suedina-maria-silva"},{id:"111910",title:"Prof.",name:"Carla",middleName:"Lima",surname:"R. C. Braga",fullName:"Carla R. C. Braga",slug:"carla-r.-c.-braga"},{id:"142933",title:"Prof.",name:"Marcus Vinícius",middleName:null,surname:"Lia Fook",fullName:"Marcus Vinícius Lia Fook",slug:"marcus-vinicius-lia-fook"},{id:"142934",title:"Prof.",name:"Claudia Maria",middleName:null,surname:"De Oliveira Raposo",fullName:"Claudia Maria De Oliveira Raposo",slug:"claudia-maria-de-oliveira-raposo"},{id:"142936",title:"Prof.",name:"Laura",middleName:null,surname:"Hecker De Carvalho",fullName:"Laura Hecker De Carvalho",slug:"laura-hecker-de-carvalho"},{id:"142939",title:"Dr.",name:"Eduardo Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Canedo",fullName:"Eduardo Luis Canedo",slug:"eduardo-luis-canedo"}]},{id:"36168",title:"Structural and Optical Behavior of Vanadate-Tellurate Glasses Containing PbO or Sm2O3",slug:"structural-and-optical-behavior-of-vanadate-tellurate-glasses",signatures:"E. Culea, S. Rada, M. Culea and M. Rada",authors:[{id:"114650",title:"Dr",name:"Eugen",middleName:null,surname:"Culea",fullName:"Eugen Culea",slug:"eugen-culea"},{id:"114653",title:"Dr.",name:"Simona",middleName:null,surname:"Rada",fullName:"Simona Rada",slug:"simona-rada"}]},{id:"36169",title:"Water in Rocks and Minerals - Species, Distributions, and Temperature Dependences",slug:"water-in-rocks-and-minerals-species-distributions-and-temperature-dependences",signatures:"Jun-ichi Fukuda",authors:[{id:"105384",title:"Dr.",name:"Jun-Ichi",middleName:null,surname:"Fukuda",fullName:"Jun-Ichi Fukuda",slug:"jun-ichi-fukuda"}]},{id:"36170",title:"Attenuated Total Reflection - Infrared Spectroscopy Applied to the Study of Mineral - Aqueous Electrolyte Solution Interfaces: A General Overview and a Case Study",slug:"attenuated-total-reflection-infrared-spectroscopy-applied-to-the-study-of-mineral-aqueous-el",signatures:"Grégory Lefèvre, Tajana Preočanin and Johannes Lützenkirchen",authors:[{id:"108416",title:"Dr.",name:"Johannes",middleName:null,surname:"Lützenkirchen",fullName:"Johannes Lützenkirchen",slug:"johannes-lutzenkirchen"},{id:"111675",title:"Dr.",name:"Gregory",middleName:null,surname:"Lefevre",fullName:"Gregory Lefevre",slug:"gregory-lefevre"},{id:"111676",title:"Prof.",name:"Tajana",middleName:null,surname:"Preocanin",fullName:"Tajana Preocanin",slug:"tajana-preocanin"}]},{id:"36171",title:"Research of Calcium Phosphates Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy",slug:"research-of-calcium-phosphates-using-fourier-transformation-infrared-spectroscopy",signatures:"Liga Berzina-Cimdina and Natalija Borodajenko",authors:[{id:"110522",title:"Prof.",name:"Liga",middleName:null,surname:"Berzina-Cimdina",fullName:"Liga Berzina-Cimdina",slug:"liga-berzina-cimdina"},{id:"112181",title:"MSc.",name:"Natalija",middleName:null,surname:"Borodajenko",fullName:"Natalija Borodajenko",slug:"natalija-borodajenko"}]},{id:"36172",title:"FTIR Spectroscopy of Adsorbed Probe Molecules for Analyzing the Surface Properties of Supported Pt (Pd) Catalysts",slug:"ftir-spectroscopy-of-adsorbed-probe-molecules-for-analyzing-the-surface-properties-of-supported-pt-p",signatures:"Olga B. Belskaya, Irina G. Danilova, Maxim O. Kazakov, Roman M. Mironenko, Alexander V. Lavrenov and Vladimir A. Likholobov",authors:[{id:"107715",title:"Dr.",name:"Olga",middleName:null,surname:"Belskaya",fullName:"Olga Belskaya",slug:"olga-belskaya"},{id:"140198",title:"Dr.",name:"Irina",middleName:null,surname:"Danilova",fullName:"Irina Danilova",slug:"irina-danilova"},{id:"140200",title:"Dr.",name:"Maxim",middleName:null,surname:"Kazakov",fullName:"Maxim Kazakov",slug:"maxim-kazakov"},{id:"140202",title:"Mr.",name:"Roman",middleName:"Mikhailovich",surname:"Mironenko",fullName:"Roman Mironenko",slug:"roman-mironenko"},{id:"140203",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexander",middleName:null,surname:"Lavrenov",fullName:"Alexander Lavrenov",slug:"alexander-lavrenov"},{id:"140204",title:"Prof.",name:"Vladimir",middleName:null,surname:"Likholobov",fullName:"Vladimir Likholobov",slug:"vladimir-likholobov"}]},{id:"36173",title:"Hydrothermal Treatment of Hokkaido Peat - An Application of FTIR and 13C NMR Spectroscopy on Examining of Artificial Coalification Process and Development",slug:"hydrothermal-treatment-of-hokkaido-peat-an-application-of-ftir-and-13c-nmr-spectroscopy-on-examinin",signatures:"Anggoro Tri Mursito and Tsuyoshi Hirajima",authors:[{id:"104786",title:"Dr.",name:"Anggoro Tri",middleName:null,surname:"Mursito",fullName:"Anggoro Tri Mursito",slug:"anggoro-tri-mursito"},{id:"110978",title:"Prof.",name:"Tsuyoshi",middleName:null,surname:"Hirajima",fullName:"Tsuyoshi Hirajima",slug:"tsuyoshi-hirajima"}]},{id:"36174",title:"FTIR - An Essential Characterization Technique for Polymeric Materials",slug:"ftir-an-essential-characterization-technique-for-polymeric-materials",signatures:"Vladimir A. Escobar Barrios, José R. Rangel Méndez, Nancy V. Pérez Aguilar, Guillermo Andrade Espinosa and José L. Dávila Rodríguez",authors:[{id:"12709",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose Rene",middleName:null,surname:"Rangel-Mendez",fullName:"Jose Rene Rangel-Mendez",slug:"jose-rene-rangel-mendez"},{id:"12711",title:"Dr.",name:"Vladimir Alonso",middleName:null,surname:"Escobar Barrios",fullName:"Vladimir Alonso Escobar Barrios",slug:"vladimir-alonso-escobar-barrios"},{id:"112164",title:"Dr",name:"Guillermo",middleName:null,surname:"Andrade-Espinosa",fullName:"Guillermo Andrade-Espinosa",slug:"guillermo-andrade-espinosa"},{id:"112165",title:"Dr.",name:"José Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Dávila-Rodríguez",fullName:"José Luis Dávila-Rodríguez",slug:"jose-luis-davila-rodriguez"},{id:"112167",title:"Dr.",name:"Nancy Verónica",middleName:null,surname:"Pérez-Aguilar",fullName:"Nancy Verónica Pérez-Aguilar",slug:"nancy-veronica-perez-aguilar"}]},{id:"36175",title:"Preparation and Characterization of PVDF/PMMA/Graphene Polymer Blend Nanocomposites by Using ATR-FTIR Technique",slug:"preparation-and-characterization-of-pvdf-pmma-graphene-polymer-blend-nanocomposites-by-using-ft-ir-t",signatures:"Somayeh Mohamadi",authors:[{id:"108556",title:"Dr.",name:"Somayeh",middleName:null,surname:"Mohamadi",fullName:"Somayeh Mohamadi",slug:"somayeh-mohamadi"}]},{id:"36176",title:"Reflectance IR Spectroscopy",slug:"fundamental-of-reflectance-ir-spectroscopy",signatures:"Zahra Monsef Khoshhesab",authors:[{id:"111629",title:"Dr.",name:"Zahra",middleName:null,surname:"Monsef Khoshhesab",fullName:"Zahra Monsef Khoshhesab",slug:"zahra-monsef-khoshhesab"}]},{id:"36177",title:"Evaluation of Graft Copolymerization of Acrylic Monomers Onto Natural Polymers by Means Infrared Spectroscopy",slug:"evaluation-of-graft-copolymerization-of-acrylic-monomers-onto-natural-polymers-by-means-infrared-spe",signatures:"José Luis Rivera-Armenta, Cynthia Graciela Flores-Hernández, Ruth Zurisadai Del Angel-Aldana, Ana María Mendoza-Martínez, Carlos Velasco-Santos and Ana Laura Martínez-Hernández",authors:[{id:"37761",title:"Prof.",name:"Ana Laura",middleName:null,surname:"Martinez-Hernandez",fullName:"Ana Laura Martinez-Hernandez",slug:"ana-laura-martinez-hernandez"},{id:"107855",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Rivera Armenta",fullName:"Jose Luis Rivera Armenta",slug:"jose-luis-rivera-armenta"},{id:"108894",title:"MSc.",name:"Cynthia Graciela",middleName:null,surname:"Flores-Hernández",fullName:"Cynthia Graciela Flores-Hernández",slug:"cynthia-graciela-flores-hernandez"},{id:"108896",title:"MSc.",name:"Ruth Zurisadai",middleName:null,surname:"Del Angel Aldana",fullName:"Ruth Zurisadai Del Angel Aldana",slug:"ruth-zurisadai-del-angel-aldana"},{id:"108898",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Velasco-Santos",fullName:"Carlos Velasco-Santos",slug:"carlos-velasco-santos"},{id:"108905",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana Maria",middleName:null,surname:"Mendoza-Martínez",fullName:"Ana Maria Mendoza-Martínez",slug:"ana-maria-mendoza-martinez"}]},{id:"36178",title:"Applications of FTIR on Epoxy Resins - Identification, Monitoring the Curing Process, Phase Separation and Water Uptake",slug:"applications-of-ftir-on-epoxy-resins-identification-monitoring-the-curing-process-phase-separatio",signatures:"María González González, Juan Carlos Cabanelas and Juan Baselga",authors:[{id:"107857",title:"Prof.",name:"Juan",middleName:null,surname:"Baselga",fullName:"Juan Baselga",slug:"juan-baselga"},{id:"138113",title:"Dr.",name:"María",middleName:null,surname:"González",fullName:"María González",slug:"maria-gonzalez"},{id:"138114",title:"Dr.",name:"Juan C.",middleName:null,surname:"Cabanelas",fullName:"Juan C. Cabanelas",slug:"juan-c.-cabanelas"}]},{id:"36179",title:"Use of FTIR Analysis to Control the Self-Healing Functionality of Epoxy Resins",slug:"use-of-ft-ir-analysis-to-control-the-self-healing-functionality-of-epoxy-resins",signatures:"Liberata Guadagno and Marialuigia Raimondo",authors:[{id:"106836",title:"Prof.",name:"Liberata",middleName:null,surname:"Guadagno",fullName:"Liberata Guadagno",slug:"liberata-guadagno"}]},{id:"36180",title:"Infrared Analysis of Electrostatic Layer-By-Layer Polymer Membranes Having Characteristics of Heavy Metal Ion Desalination",slug:"infrared-analysis-of-electrostatic-layer-by-layer-polymer-membranes-having-characteristics-of-heavy",signatures:"Weimin Zhou, Huitan Fu and Takaomi Kobayashi",authors:[{id:"110384",title:"Dr.",name:"Takaomi",middleName:null,surname:"Kobayashi",fullName:"Takaomi Kobayashi",slug:"takaomi-kobayashi"}]},{id:"36181",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy as a Tool to Monitor Radiation Curing",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-as-a-tool-to-monitor-radiation-curing",signatures:"Marco Sangermano, Patrick Meier and Spiros Tzavalas",authors:[{id:"112286",title:"Dr.",name:"Spiros",middleName:null,surname:"Tzavalas",fullName:"Spiros Tzavalas",slug:"spiros-tzavalas"},{id:"114382",title:"Prof.",name:"Marco",middleName:null,surname:"Sangermano",fullName:"Marco Sangermano",slug:"marco-sangermano"},{id:"114384",title:"Dr",name:"Patrick",middleName:null,surname:"Meier",fullName:"Patrick Meier",slug:"patrick-meier"}]},{id:"36182",title:"Characterization of Compositional Gradient Structure of Polymeric Materials by FTIR Technology",slug:"characterization-of-compositional-gradient-structure-of-polymeric-materials-by-ft-ir-technology",signatures:"Alata Hexig and Bayar Hexig",authors:[{id:"20867",title:"Dr.",name:"Bayar",middleName:null,surname:"Hexig",fullName:"Bayar Hexig",slug:"bayar-hexig"},{id:"111986",title:"Dr.",name:"Alata",middleName:null,surname:"Hexig",fullName:"Alata Hexig",slug:"alata-hexig"}]},{id:"36183",title:"Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy - Useful Analytical Tool for Non-Destructive Analysis",slug:"fourier-trasform-infrared-spectroscopy-useful-analytical-tool-for-non-destructive-analysis",signatures:"Simona-Carmen Litescu, Eugenia D. Teodor, Georgiana-Ileana Truica, Andreia Tache and Gabriel-Lucian Radu",authors:[{id:"24425",title:"Dr.",name:"Simona Carmen",middleName:null,surname:"Litescu",fullName:"Simona Carmen Litescu",slug:"simona-carmen-litescu"},{id:"24429",title:"Prof.",name:"Gabriel-Lucian",middleName:null,surname:"Radu",fullName:"Gabriel-Lucian Radu",slug:"gabriel-lucian-radu"},{id:"108318",title:"Dr.",name:"Eugenia D.",middleName:null,surname:"Teodor",fullName:"Eugenia D. Teodor",slug:"eugenia-d.-teodor"},{id:"108323",title:"Dr.",name:"Georgiana-Ileana",middleName:null,surname:"Badea",fullName:"Georgiana-Ileana Badea",slug:"georgiana-ileana-badea"},{id:"136337",title:"Ms.",name:"Andreia",middleName:null,surname:"Tache",fullName:"Andreia Tache",slug:"andreia-tache"}]},{id:"36184",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy in the Analysis of Building and Construction Materials",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-of-cementitious-materials",signatures:"Lucia Fernández-Carrasco, D. Torrens-Martín, L.M. Morales and Sagrario Martínez-Ramírez",authors:[{id:"107401",title:"Dr.",name:"Lucia J",middleName:null,surname:"Fernández",fullName:"Lucia J Fernández",slug:"lucia-j-fernandez"}]},{id:"36185",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy Techniques in the Characterization of SOFC Functional Ceramics",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-techniques-in-the-characterization-of-sofc-functional-ceramics",signatures:"Daniel A. Macedo, Moisés R. Cesário, Graziele L. Souza, Beatriz Cela, Carlos A. Paskocimas, Antonio E. Martinelli, Dulce M. A. Melo and Rubens M. Nascimento",authors:[{id:"102015",title:"MSc.",name:"Daniel",middleName:null,surname:"Macedo",fullName:"Daniel Macedo",slug:"daniel-macedo"},{id:"112309",title:"MSc",name:"Moisés",middleName:"Romolos",surname:"Cesário",fullName:"Moisés Cesário",slug:"moises-cesario"},{id:"112310",title:"Ms.",name:"Graziele",middleName:null,surname:"Souza",fullName:"Graziele Souza",slug:"graziele-souza"},{id:"112311",title:"MSc.",name:"Beatriz",middleName:null,surname:"Cela",fullName:"Beatriz Cela",slug:"beatriz-cela"},{id:"112312",title:"Prof.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Paskocimas",fullName:"Carlos Paskocimas",slug:"carlos-paskocimas"},{id:"112314",title:"Prof.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Martinelli",fullName:"Antonio Martinelli",slug:"antonio-martinelli"},{id:"112315",title:"Prof.",name:"Dulce",middleName:null,surname:"Melo",fullName:"Dulce Melo",slug:"dulce-melo"},{id:"112316",title:"Dr.",name:"Rubens",middleName:"Maribondo Do",surname:"Nascimento",fullName:"Rubens Nascimento",slug:"rubens-nascimento"}]},{id:"36186",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy of Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-of-functionalized-magnetic-nanoparticles",signatures:"Perla E. García Casillas, Claudia A. Rodriguez Gonzalez and Carlos A. Martínez Pérez",authors:[{id:"104636",title:"Dr.",name:"Perla E.",middleName:null,surname:"García Casillas",fullName:"Perla E. García Casillas",slug:"perla-e.-garcia-casillas"},{id:"112440",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos A.",middleName:null,surname:"Martínez Pérez",fullName:"Carlos A. Martínez Pérez",slug:"carlos-a.-martinez-perez"},{id:"112441",title:"Dr.",name:"Claudia A.",middleName:null,surname:"Rodriguez Gonzalez",fullName:"Claudia A. Rodriguez Gonzalez",slug:"claudia-a.-rodriguez-gonzalez"}]},{id:"36187",title:"Determination of Adsorption Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Gas Phase FTIR Spectroscopy Flow Analysis",slug:"determination-of-adsorption-characteristics-of-volatile-organic-compounds-using-gas-phase-ftir-spect",signatures:"Tarik Chafik",authors:[{id:"107310",title:"Prof.",name:"Tarik",middleName:null,surname:"Chafik",fullName:"Tarik Chafik",slug:"tarik-chafik"}]},{id:"36188",title:"Identification of Rocket Motor Characteristics from Infrared Emission Spectra",slug:"identification-of-rocket-motor-characteristics-from-infrared-emission-spectra",signatures:"N. Hamp, J.H. Knoetze, C. Aldrich and C. Marais",authors:[{id:"112229",title:"Prof.",name:"Chris",middleName:null,surname:"Aldrich",fullName:"Chris Aldrich",slug:"chris-aldrich"},{id:"112232",title:"Prof.",name:"Hansie",middleName:null,surname:"Knoetze",fullName:"Hansie Knoetze",slug:"hansie-knoetze"},{id:"135327",title:"Ms.",name:"Corne",middleName:null,surname:"Marais",fullName:"Corne Marais",slug:"corne-marais"}]},{id:"36189",title:"Optical Technologies for Determination of Pesticide Residue",slug:"optical-technology-for-determination-of-pesticide-residue",signatures:"Yankun Peng, Yongyu Li and Jingjing Chen",authors:[{id:"113343",title:"Prof.",name:"Yankun",middleName:null,surname:"Peng",fullName:"Yankun Peng",slug:"yankun-peng"},{id:"116636",title:"Dr.",name:"Yongyu",middleName:null,surname:"Li",fullName:"Yongyu Li",slug:"yongyu-li"},{id:"116637",title:"Dr.",name:"Jingjing",middleName:null,surname:"Chen",fullName:"Jingjing Chen",slug:"jingjing-chen"}]},{id:"36190",title:"High Resolution Far Infrared Spectra of the Semiconductor Alloys Obtained Using the Synchrotron Radiation as Source",slug:"high-resolution-spectra-of-semiconductor-s-alloys-obtained-using-the-far-infrared-synchrotron-radi",signatures:"E.M. Sheregii",authors:[{id:"102655",title:"Prof.",name:"Eugen",middleName:null,surname:"Sheregii",fullName:"Eugen Sheregii",slug:"eugen-sheregii"}]},{id:"36191",title:"Effective Reaction Monitoring of Intermediates by ATR-IR Spectroscopy Utilizing Fibre Optic Probes",slug:"effective-reaction-monitoring-of-intermediates-by-atr-ir-spectroscopy-utilizing-fibre-optic-probes",signatures:"Daniel Lumpi and Christian Braunshier",authors:[{id:"109019",title:"Dr.",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Braunshier",fullName:"Christian Braunshier",slug:"christian-braunshier"},{id:"111798",title:"MSc.",name:"Daniel",middleName:null,surname:"Lumpi",fullName:"Daniel Lumpi",slug:"daniel-lumpi"}]}]}]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"73707",title:"Impact of Hybrid-Enabling Technology on Bertrand-Nash Equilibrium Subject to Energy Sources",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.94016",slug:"impact-of-hybrid-enabling-technology-on-bertrand-nash-equilibrium-subject-to-energy-sources",body:'
In recent years, many researchers have developed models to discuss the importance of lowering carbon emissions and its potential impact on society by examining economic growth, international trade, and health benefits. Khan et al. [1] examined the relationship between green logistics indices, economic, environmental, and social factors through the perspective of Asian emerging economies. By adopting a Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS) Model and Dynamic OLS (DOLS) they claimed that logistics operations, particularly the efficiency of customs clearance processes, quality of logistics services and trade and transport-related infrastructure are positively and significantly correlated with per capita income, manufacturing value added and trade openness, whereas greater logistics operations are negatively associated with social and environmental problems including, climate change, global warming, carbon emissions, and poisoning atmosphere. Khan et al. [2] examined the potential relationship between public health expenditures, logistics performance indices, renewable energy, and ecological sustainability in members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations by applying the structural equation modeling approach. They showed that the use of renewable energy in logistics operations will improve environmental and economic performance to reduce emissions, whereas environmental performance is negatively correlated with public health expenditures, indicating that greater environmental sustainability can improve human health and economic growth. In [3], economic growth and environmental sustainability in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation using the data from the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) member countries from 2005 to 2017 was examined. Adopting the panel autoregressive distributed lag technique to examine the hypotheses, they find that environmental sustainability is strongly and positively associated with national scale-level green practices, including renewable energy, regulatory pressure, eco-friendly policies, and the sustainable use of natural resources. In [4], the consumption of renewable energy with international trade and environmental quality in Nordic countries from 2001 to 2018 is investigated. Their findings concluded that renewable energy is strongly and positively associated with international trade in Nordic countries. Furthermore, [5] adopted multi-criteria-decision-making techniques to examine barriers in the sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) when firms are facing heavy pressure to adopt green practices in their supply chain (SC) operations to achieve better socio-environmental sustainability.
Around the world governments, businesses and individuals have committed to reducing carbon emission. As a result, the energy economy is highly exposed to these processes. As industries push for renewable energies, technology will need to step in to ensure reliability of the power supply. Therefore, there remains a need for exploiting the role of hybrid technology, its dynamics, limitations on the reduction of pollution levels and policy implementation within the wider carbon emissions debate. This is due to the vital role hybrid technology plays in energy production processes and the ability for the energy system to offer a better energy security. Development of such lower carbon emission policies has potential benefits to the environment and ecological sustainability to those economies. However, within many of these environmental policy models, technology is incorporated as an exogenous variable and limited attention is given to endogenous technology, other technological breakthroughs, potential government subsidies or collaborative innovations to integrate low carbon technology in environmental economics. Such interventions will promote the renewable energy sector to use natural resources and undertake public-private partnership investments to minimize dependence on fossil fuel derived energy.
To investigate the effects of hybrid-enabling technology when producing energy to meet consumption demand, we assume energy producing firms follow the Bertrand game paradigm. In the presence of government subsidy for the development and sustainability of renewable energy, tax on pollution created by energy producing firms will motivate them to undertake Research & Development (R&D) measures to improve hybrid enabling technologies to further reduce the level of carbon pollution. As a result, from an economic point of view it is an interesting question to examine the Bertrand-Nash equilibrium under such a dynamic environment. This chapter examines this concept via a Stochastic Differential game paradigm.
Many researchers have applied game theory to study carbon reduction behavior in electricity markets. In [6], the Cournot equilibria in an oligopolistic electricity market subject to a linear demand function is examined. In [7], the power suppliers bidding behavior is evaluated under the supply function equilibrium (SFE) paradigm, where the market power of an independent system operator (ISO) is modeled as a bi-level multi-objective problem. In [8], the equilibrium strategies in random-demand procurement auctions in the electricity market is obtained and presented a method for explicit calculation of the bid strategies is presented. [9] proposed a Nash bargaining game model to examine how governments can determine the taxes and subsidies in a competitive electricity market whilst achieving their environmental objectives. In [10, 11, 12, 13, 14], the role of government as a leading player who intervenes in competitive electricity markets to promote environmental protection is evaluated. In [15], the role of government, when managing environmental sustainability in a complete electricity market in a Stackelberg game paradigm is examined. In [16], a more robust trans-boundary industrial pollution reduction strategy for global emission collaborations is presented. The dynamics of each country’s quantity of pollution is modeled as a Brownian motion with Jumps to capture the systematic jumps caused by surprise effects arising from policy uncertainties within the economy. However, a crucial limitation within many of these environmental policy models, is that technological change is incorporated as an exogenous variable and does not consider the role of endogenous hybrid-enabling technology or other technological breakthroughs, hence limiting the dynamics of these models.
We quantify an optimal level of subsidy for the sharing of hybrid-enabling technology in an energy market under a Bertrand-duopoly game. We formulate a Stochastic Differential Game (SDG) to analyze the stability of the Stackelberg, Nash and cooperative equilibria via a feedback control strategy. We then adopt limit expectation and variance of the improvement degree to identify the influence of external environment limitations on the decision maker. We show that the game depends on its parameters and the equilibria chosen. We consider an electricity market composed of power plants I and II, with each one having the choice between fossil fuels
In this model, we consider a Bertrand duopoly game for two power plants under endogenous hybrid-enabling technology. In the first stage the matrix of prices
stochastic endogenous hybrid-enabling technology innovation is introduced into a two-player stochastic differential game with random interference factors, which capture uncertain external environment factors and the internal limitations within the shared hybrid-enabling technology decision process. In doing so, we provide a framework to quantify the impacts of market power on prices.
we show that both power plants invest in R&D measures and that the limit of expectation and variance of the improvement degree can be applied to identify the influence of random factors.
mathematically, we show that the issue of the game depends on the parameters of the game and the type of equilibrium one considers.
by applying the HJB equation we obtain the optimal effort level and the optimal level of subsidy for sharing hybrid-enabling technology via feedback equilibrium strategies whilst examining the Stackelberg equilibria, Nash equilibria and cooperative equilibria under Bertrand duopoly.
we reveal that for a given level of payoff distribution the Stackelberg equilibria under endogenous hybrid-technology innovation and the sharing paradigm dominate the Nash equilibria.
we show that in Stackelberg and Nash games, optimal hybrid-enabling technology innovation is proportional to the government subsidy, but the variance improvement degree of the Stackelberg game is different to the results of the Nash game.
our characterization of the short run price competition by strategic supplies for renewable and fossil resources, provides a more robust model than that presented by Bertrand-Edgworth, in which price competition with fixed (endogenous) capacities was used.
our model shows that robust cost-reducing R&D investments with effective hybrid-enabling technology innovation strengthens an innovator’s competitive position and the Stackelberg structure emerges as an equilibrium outcome, allowing each power plant to optimally use energy sources to produce electricity while maximizing their payoffs.
Therefore, under a Stochastic Differential Game (SDG) paradigm with uncertainty, each power plant can optimally use energy sources to produce electricity while maximizing their payoffs. Each power plant is capable of using fossil fuels
In recent years, researchers have incorporated the theory of SDGs, originated from [14, 17, 18, 19, 20] to analyzed environmental issues. Especially [21] analyzed (two player) zero-sum stochastic differential games in a rigorous way, and proved that the upper and lower value functions of such games satisfy the dynamic programming principle whilst being the unique viscosity solutions of their associated Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman-Isaacs equations.
In Section 2, the proposed model and elements of evolutionary game theory are presented. In Section 3 by implementing the Stackelberg game we examine feedback Stackelberg equilibria, optimal level of subsidy for the shared hybrid-enabling technology from its counterpart and the limit of expectation and variance. In Section 4 by implementing a Nash game we examine feedback Nash equilibria and the limit of expectation and variance under hybrid-enabling technology. In Section 5 by implementing a cooperative game we examine feedback equilibria and the limit of expectation and variance under hybrid-enabling technology. In Section 6, comparative analysis of equilibrium results are described. Section 7 concludes the study. Appendix at the end of the chapter contains proofs.
We propose that the production process of electricity leads to emissions and is proportional to the power industry’s use of energy source. We assume that there are two power plants (Player I) and (Player II) in the energy market and each power plant is capable of using
Under the theory of evolutionary games, the production strategies in the
Then each iteration of an evolutionary game, where two matched power plants in accordance with Bertrand paradigm compete with each market and play a one-shot non-zero-sum game, represents the benchmark game of the population. If
We define the continuous demand function
where
The government’s tariff policy for the power plants with respect to their source of energy for long-time periods are transparent, and this information is available to the public. Therefore, it is assumed that the competitive power plants follow the government’s financial legislation, having the capability and technological skills to produce electricity from specific sources at any given time to meet energy demand. Then for each time-period the power plant will consider the tariff-rate quota or feed-in-tariff and adopt a pricing strategy for the selected energy source. Hence, we conclude that the production rate of the power plants is equal to the corresponding demand rates with a negligible internal consumption and waste rate.
To apply the Backward induction technique to investigate the equilibrium prices, demand, and profits, we define the profit function for each power plant as
where
Defining
Simultaneously solving Eq. (4), obtain
such that
where
Restricting ourselves to a two matched symmetric two-person bi- matrix game in random contest in a one-population evolutionary game, we define the payoff (utility) in Table 1.
Production Strategy | Fossil Fuel | Renewable Sources | |
Fossil Fuel | |||
Renewable Sources |
Bi matrix for two power plants by different energy sources.
Then via equation
Obviously the bimatrix of the power plant II, is given by:
The probability that player I choosing row 1 is
The probability that player II choosing row 1 is
Then the value of the game for Player I is
and the value of the game for Player II is
Suppose (
Otherwise Player I can change
Similarly, for
Otherwise Player II can change y slightly and do better. It follows that the unique Nash equilibrium (
Both players will undertake R&D measures on hybrid-enabling technology to ensure immediate reliability and affordability in energy production whilst reducing GHG-emissions. We assume that the strategic effects implemented by power plant I (Player I), has improved hybrid-enabling technology to generate energy and utilize energy sources in a much efficient way. This gives a superior advantage to power plant I overpower plant II (Player II) and both power plants are rational to maximize their profits. Although Power plant II has heterogeneous resources to hybrid-enabling technology, from a practical point of view it is logical for power plant I to share this technology with power plant II, because the price competition is typically characterized by a second-mover advantage. Many researchers have investigated the effects of these commitments in Cournot, Bertrand and Stackelberg setups. See [29, 30, 31]. Due to the government incentives, tariff-rate quota, feed-in-tariff and R&D incentive measures, the power companies will be competitive to improve their efficiency. Let
and
where
Let
Let
where
The first inequality says that each demand is downward sloping in own price, and the second that goods are substitutes (each demand increases with the price of the other good). [32] shows that in case of symmetric firms, there is a second-mover (first-mover) advantage for both players when each profit function is strictly concave in own action and strictly increasing (decreasing) in rival’s action, and reaction curves are upward (downward) sloping.
Then a sufficient condition on the super-modularity of the profit function is obtained via the profit function
where
We further assume that the total revenue is allocated between two players and
and
where
Theory of strong Stackelberg reasoning is an improved version of an earlier theory [35], which provides an explanation of coordination in all dyadic (two-player) common interest games. It provides an explanation of why players tend to choose strategies associated with a payoff-dominant Nash equilibrium. Its distinctive assumption is that players behave as though their co-players will anticipate any strategy choice and invariably choose a best reply to it. Stackelberg strategies resulting from this form of reasoning do not form Nash equilibria. The theory makes no predictions, because a non-equilibrium outcome is inherently unstable, leaving at least one player with a reason to choose differently and thereby achieve a better payoff. Strong Stackelberg reasoning is a simple theory, according to which players in dyadic games choose strategies that would maximize their own payoffs if their co-players could invariably anticipate their strategy choices and play counter-strategies that yield the maximum payoffs for themselves. The key assumption is relatively innocuous, first because game theory imposes no constraints on players’ beliefs, apart from consistency requirements, and second because the theory does not assume that players necessarily believe that their strategies will be anticipated, merely that they behave as though that is the case, as a heuristic aid to choosing the best strategy. Strong Stackelberg reasoning is, in fact, merely a generalization of the minorant and majorant models introduced by [36] and used to rationalize their solution of strictly competitive games.
To promote the sharing of hybrid-enabling technology, the Player II (the leader) determine an optimal sharing effort sharing level and an optimal subsidy scheme. Then the Player I (the follower) choose his/her optimal sharing level according to the optimal sharing effort level and subsidy. This leads to a Stackelberg equilibrium.
where
where
Via the first order conditions, we obtain the optimal values
where
Substituting the results of Eqs. (37) and (38) into Eq. (39), obtain
Via the first order conditions of (Eq. (40)), we obtain the optimal values
And the optimal value for
and
Hence, the solution of the HJB equation is an unary function with
and simplifying (Eq. (40)), obtain:
This implies that,
where
and
Substituting the results of
The payoff of Player I and Player II, under the Stackelberg game paradigm is related to the improvement degree of hybrid-enabling technology via Proposition 4. To analyze the limit of expectations and variance under Stackelberg game equilibrium rewrite (Eq. (19)) as follows.
where
and
Then
Solving the above non-homogeneous linear differential equation, will obtain the results.
Under Nash-non-cooperative game setting, Player I and Player II simultaneously and independently choose their optimal efforts levels of heterogeneous hybrid-enabling technology sharing concept to maximize their profits.
where
where
where
Poof of Proposition 8 is like the derivation of Proposition 6.
Under cooperative game paradigm, Player I and Player II will choose to collaborate/share their hybrid-enabling technology development knowledge while sharing the payoff function in order to maximize their total payoffs. As a result, hybrid-enabling technology can be improved through this effort as well.
and the optimal cooperative payoff function under hybrid-enabling technology on renewable sources and on fossil fuel, respectively.
where
Then the optimal revenue sharing function satisfies the following HJB equation
Via the first order conditions, now obtain the optimal values
Substituting the results of Eqs. (69) and (70), obtain
Hence, the solution of the HJB equation is an unary function with
Substituting the results of Eqs. (72) and (73), into
where
and
(ii) Player I will prefer to participate in a cooperative game over a non-cooperative game with Player II under the condition such that
and
(iii) The total payoff for Player I under a Stackelberg game exceeds the total payoff of Nash non-cooperative game with Player II under the condition such that
and
(iv). Player II will prefer to participate in a cooperative game over a non-cooperative game with Player I under the condition such that
and
and
In this chapter a complete study of an energy market by considering a Bertrand duopoly game with two power plants using endogenous hybrid-enabling technology was presented. Numerous game paradigms were articulated and defined including Stackelberg, Nash non-cooperative and cooperative games as well as their relevant equilibria via a feedback control strategy. Mathematically, the necessary conditions under which a power plant will move from taking part in a non-cooperative Nash game to participate as a leader in a Stackelberg game was derived. In doing so, this model allowed us to quantify the optimal level of subsidy for sharing the hybrid-enabling technology. We then adopted the concept of limit expectation and variance of the improvement degree to identify the influence of random factors of external environment and limitations of the decision maker. It is found that for a given level of payoff distribution the Stackelberg equilibria with technological enhancements, the knowledge sharing paradigm dominates the Nash equilibria. In both Stackelberg and Nash games, optimal technological enhancements for power plants were found to be proportional to the government subsidy, but the variance improvement degree of the Stackelberg game differed to the results of the Nash non-cooperative game due to the influence of random factors.
Furthermore, we have shown that due to optimal price reaction functions being upward sloping, the subsidy level plays a decisive role on the payoff function of power plant II as the leader in a Stackelberg game. This model shows that cost reducing R&D investments with efficient hybrid-enabling technology innovation/s strengthens one’s competitive bargaining position via the level of subsidy for Power Plant I to become a follower in the Stackelberg game. By analyzing this stochastic differential game model, we capture the government subsidy incentive as well as the subsidy that the leader (Power Plant II) pays the follower (Power Plant I) to share hybrid-enabling technology.
The proposed quantitative framework could assist policymakers when determining the appropriate R&D incentives for the development of hybrid-enabling technology within the energy market to achieve desired short and long-term environmental objectives with respect to budget limitations and environmental considerations.
Via the first order conditions, first obtain the optimal values
where
Substituting Eqs. (A.2) and (A.3) results to Eq. (A.4) and via the first order conditions, we obtain the optimal values
Hence, the solution of the HJB equation is an unary function with
where
and
Substituting
"I work with IntechOpen for a number of reasons: their professionalism, their mission in support of Open Access publishing, and the quality of their peer-reviewed publications, but also because they believe in equality. Throughout the world, we are seeing progress in attracting, retaining, and promoting women in STEMM. IntechOpen are certainly supporting this work globally by empowering all scientists and ensuring that women are encouraged and enabled to publish and take leading roles within the scientific community." Dr. Catrin Rutland, University of Nottingham, UK
",metaTitle:"Advantages of Publishing with IntechOpen",metaDescription:"We have more than a decade of experience in Open Access publishing. \n\n ",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:null,contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"We have more than a decade of experience in Open Access publishing. The advantages of publishing with IntechOpen include:
\\n\\nOur platform – IntechOpen is the world’s leading publisher of OA books, built by scientists, for scientists.
\\n\\nOur reputation – Everything we publish goes through a two-stage peer review process. We’re proud to count Nobel laureates among our esteemed authors. We meet European Commission standards for funding, and the research we’ve published has been funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Wellcome Trust, among others. IntechOpen is a member of all relevant trade associations (including the STM Association and the Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers) and has a selection of books indexed in Web of Science's Book Citation Index.
\\n\\nOur expertise – We’ve published more than 4,500 books by more than 118,000 authors and editors.
\\n\\nOur reach – Our books have more than 130 million downloads and more than 146,150 Web of Science citations. We increase citations via indexing in all the major databases, including the Book Citation Index at Web of Science and Google Scholar.
\\n\\nOur services – The support we offer our authors and editors is second to none. Each book in our program receives the following:
\\n\\nOur end-to-end publishing service frees our authors and editors to focus on what matters: research. We empower them to shape their fields and connect with the global scientific community.
\\n\\n"In developing countries until now, advancement in science has been very limited, because insufficient economic resources are dedicated to science and education. These limitations are more marked when the scientists are women. In order to develop science in the poorest countries and decrease the gender gap that exists in scientific fields, Open Access networks like IntechOpen are essential. Free access to scientific research could contribute to ameliorating difficult life conditions and breaking down barriers." Marquidia Pacheco, National Institute for Nuclear Research (ININ), Mexico
\\n\\nInterested? Contact Ana Pantar (book.idea@intechopen.com) for more information.
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'We have more than a decade of experience in Open Access publishing. The advantages of publishing with IntechOpen include:
\n\nOur platform – IntechOpen is the world’s leading publisher of OA books, built by scientists, for scientists.
\n\nOur reputation – Everything we publish goes through a two-stage peer review process. We’re proud to count Nobel laureates among our esteemed authors. We meet European Commission standards for funding, and the research we’ve published has been funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Wellcome Trust, among others. IntechOpen is a member of all relevant trade associations (including the STM Association and the Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers) and has a selection of books indexed in Web of Science's Book Citation Index.
\n\nOur expertise – We’ve published more than 4,500 books by more than 118,000 authors and editors.
\n\nOur reach – Our books have more than 130 million downloads and more than 146,150 Web of Science citations. We increase citations via indexing in all the major databases, including the Book Citation Index at Web of Science and Google Scholar.
\n\nOur services – The support we offer our authors and editors is second to none. Each book in our program receives the following:
\n\nOur end-to-end publishing service frees our authors and editors to focus on what matters: research. We empower them to shape their fields and connect with the global scientific community.
\n\n"In developing countries until now, advancement in science has been very limited, because insufficient economic resources are dedicated to science and education. These limitations are more marked when the scientists are women. In order to develop science in the poorest countries and decrease the gender gap that exists in scientific fields, Open Access networks like IntechOpen are essential. Free access to scientific research could contribute to ameliorating difficult life conditions and breaking down barriers." Marquidia Pacheco, National Institute for Nuclear Research (ININ), Mexico
\n\nInterested? Contact Ana Pantar (book.idea@intechopen.com) for more information.
\n'}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{sort:"featured,name"},profiles:[{id:"6700",title:"Dr.",name:"Abbass A.",middleName:null,surname:"Hashim",slug:"abbass-a.-hashim",fullName:"Abbass A. Hashim",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/6700/images/1864_n.jpg",biography:"Currently I am carrying out research in several areas of interest, mainly covering work on chemical and bio-sensors, semiconductor thin film device fabrication and characterisation.\nAt the moment I have very strong interest in radiation environmental pollution and bacteriology treatment. The teams of researchers are working very hard to bring novel results in this field. I am also a member of the team in charge for the supervision of Ph.D. students in the fields of development of silicon based planar waveguide sensor devices, study of inelastic electron tunnelling in planar tunnelling nanostructures for sensing applications and development of organotellurium(IV) compounds for semiconductor applications. I am a specialist in data analysis techniques and nanosurface structure. I have served as the editor for many books, been a member of the editorial board in science journals, have published many papers and hold many patents.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sheffield Hallam University",country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},{id:"54525",title:"Prof.",name:"Abdul Latif",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"abdul-latif-ahmad",fullName:"Abdul Latif Ahmad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"20567",title:"Prof.",name:"Ado",middleName:null,surname:"Jorio",slug:"ado-jorio",fullName:"Ado Jorio",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"47940",title:"Dr.",name:"Alberto",middleName:null,surname:"Mantovani",slug:"alberto-mantovani",fullName:"Alberto Mantovani",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"12392",title:"Mr.",name:"Alex",middleName:null,surname:"Lazinica",slug:"alex-lazinica",fullName:"Alex Lazinica",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/12392/images/7282_n.png",biography:"Alex Lazinica is the founder and CEO of IntechOpen. After obtaining a Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering, he continued his PhD studies in Robotics at the Vienna University of Technology. Here he worked as a robotic researcher with the university's Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Group as well as a guest researcher at various European universities, including the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL). During this time he published more than 20 scientific papers, gave presentations, served as a reviewer for major robotic journals and conferences and most importantly he co-founded and built the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems- world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics. Starting this journal was a pivotal point in his career, since it was a pathway to founding IntechOpen - Open Access publisher focused on addressing academic researchers needs. Alex is a personification of IntechOpen key values being trusted, open and entrepreneurial. Today his focus is on defining the growth and development strategy for the company.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",middleName:null,surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/19816/images/1607_n.jpg",biography:"Alexander I. Kokorin: born: 1947, Moscow; DSc., PhD; Principal Research Fellow (Research Professor) of Department of Kinetics and Catalysis, N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.\r\nArea of research interests: physical chemistry of complex-organized molecular and nanosized systems, including polymer-metal complexes; the surface of doped oxide semiconductors. He is an expert in structural, absorptive, catalytic and photocatalytic properties, in structural organization and dynamic features of ionic liquids, in magnetic interactions between paramagnetic centers. The author or co-author of 3 books, over 200 articles and reviews in scientific journals and books. He is an actual member of the International EPR/ESR Society, European Society on Quantum Solar Energy Conversion, Moscow House of Scientists, of the Board of Moscow Physical Society.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics",country:{name:"Russia"}}},{id:"62389",title:"PhD.",name:"Ali Demir",middleName:null,surname:"Sezer",slug:"ali-demir-sezer",fullName:"Ali Demir Sezer",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/62389/images/3413_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Ali Demir Sezer has a Ph.D. from Pharmaceutical Biotechnology at the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Marmara (Turkey). He is the member of many Pharmaceutical Associations and acts as a reviewer of scientific journals and European projects under different research areas such as: drug delivery systems, nanotechnology and pharmaceutical biotechnology. Dr. Sezer is the author of many scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals and poster communications. Focus of his research activity is drug delivery, physico-chemical characterization and biological evaluation of biopolymers micro and nanoparticles as modified drug delivery system, and colloidal drug carriers (liposomes, nanoparticles etc.).",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Marmara University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"61051",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"100762",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"St David's Medical Center",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"107416",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"64434",title:"Dr.",name:"Angkoon",middleName:null,surname:"Phinyomark",slug:"angkoon-phinyomark",fullName:"Angkoon Phinyomark",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/64434/images/2619_n.jpg",biography:"My name is Angkoon Phinyomark. I received a B.Eng. degree in Computer Engineering with First Class Honors in 2008 from Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, where I received a Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering. My research interests are primarily in the area of biomedical signal processing and classification notably EMG (electromyography signal), EOG (electrooculography signal), and EEG (electroencephalography signal), image analysis notably breast cancer analysis and optical coherence tomography, and rehabilitation engineering. I became a student member of IEEE in 2008. During October 2011-March 2012, I had worked at School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom. In addition, during a B.Eng. I had been a visiting research student at Faculty of Computer Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain for three months.\n\nI have published over 40 papers during 5 years in refereed journals, books, and conference proceedings in the areas of electro-physiological signals processing and classification, notably EMG and EOG signals, fractal analysis, wavelet analysis, texture analysis, feature extraction and machine learning algorithms, and assistive and rehabilitative devices. I have several computer programming language certificates, i.e. Sun Certified Programmer for the Java 2 Platform 1.4 (SCJP), Microsoft Certified Professional Developer, Web Developer (MCPD), Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist, .NET Framework 2.0 Web (MCTS). I am a Reviewer for several refereed journals and international conferences, such as IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Optic Letters, Measurement Science Review, and also a member of the International Advisory Committee for 2012 IEEE Business Engineering and Industrial Applications and 2012 IEEE Symposium on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Joseph Fourier University",country:{name:"France"}}},{id:"55578",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Jurado-Navas",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",fullName:"Antonio Jurado-Navas",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/55578/images/4574_n.png",biography:"Antonio Jurado-Navas received the M.S. degree (2002) and the Ph.D. degree (2009) in Telecommunication Engineering, both from the University of Málaga (Spain). He first worked as a consultant at Vodafone-Spain. From 2004 to 2011, he was a Research Assistant with the Communications Engineering Department at the University of Málaga. In 2011, he became an Assistant Professor in the same department. From 2012 to 2015, he was with Ericsson Spain, where he was working on geo-location\ntools for third generation mobile networks. Since 2015, he is a Marie-Curie fellow at the Denmark Technical University. His current research interests include the areas of mobile communication systems and channel modeling in addition to atmospheric optical communications, adaptive optics and statistics",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Malaga",country:{name:"Spain"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:5816},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:5281},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:1754},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:10511},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:906},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:15913}],offset:12,limit:12,total:119061},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{hasNoEditors:"0",sort:"dateEndThirdStepPublish",topicId:"20"},books:[{type:"book",id:"10672",title:"Nonlinear Optics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"cfe87b713a8bee22c19361b86b03d506",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Boris I. Lembrikov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10672.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"2359",title:"Dr.",name:"Boris",surname:"Lembrikov",slug:"boris-lembrikov",fullName:"Boris Lembrikov"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10674",title:"Topics on Quantum Information Science",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"d7481712cff0157cd8f849cba865727d",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Sergio Curilef and Dr. Angel Ricardo Plastino",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10674.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"125424",title:"Prof.",name:"Sergio",surname:"Curilef",slug:"sergio-curilef",fullName:"Sergio Curilef"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10921",title:"Plasma Science and Technology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"c45670ef4b081fd9eebaf911b2b4627b",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Aamir Shahzad",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10921.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"288354",title:"Dr.",name:"Aamir",surname:"Shahzad",slug:"aamir-shahzad",fullName:"Aamir Shahzad"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10852",title:"Electromagnetic Compatibility",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"f5d2cce3a2adbd5d108d3301ee97025b",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Ahmed Kishk",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10852.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"150146",title:"Dr.",name:"Ahmed",surname:"Kishk",slug:"ahmed-kishk",fullName:"Ahmed Kishk"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:26},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:25},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:45},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Technology",value:24,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:2}],offset:12,limit:12,total:4},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8472",title:"Bioactive Compounds in Nutraceutical and Functional Food for Good Human Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8855452919b8495810ef8e88641feb20",slug:"bioactive-compounds-in-nutraceutical-and-functional-food-for-good-human-health",bookSignature:"Kavita Sharma, Kanchan Mishra, Kula Kamal Senapati and Corina Danciu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8472.jpg",editors:[{id:"197731",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavita",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"kavita-sharma",fullName:"Kavita Sharma"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9685",title:"Agroecosystems",subtitle:"Very Complex Environmental Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c44f7b43a9f9610c243dc32300d37df6",slug:"agroecosystems-very-complex-environmental-systems",bookSignature:"Marcelo L. Larramendy and Sonia Soloneski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9685.jpg",editors:[{id:"14764",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcelo L.",middleName:null,surname:"Larramendy",slug:"marcelo-l.-larramendy",fullName:"Marcelo L. Larramendy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8564",title:"Cell Interaction",subtitle:"Molecular and Immunological Basis for Disease Management",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"98d7f080d80524285f091e72a8e92a6d",slug:"cell-interaction-molecular-and-immunological-basis-for-disease-management",bookSignature:"Bhawana Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8564.jpg",editors:[{id:"315192",title:"Dr.",name:"Bhawana",middleName:null,surname:"Singh",slug:"bhawana-singh",fullName:"Bhawana Singh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9629",title:"Electroencephalography",subtitle:"From Basic Research to Clinical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8147834b6c6deeeec40f407c71ad60b4",slug:"electroencephalography-from-basic-research-to-clinical-applications",bookSignature:"Hideki Nakano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9629.jpg",editors:[{id:"196461",title:"Prof.",name:"Hideki",middleName:null,surname:"Nakano",slug:"hideki-nakano",fullName:"Hideki Nakano"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8760",title:"Structure Topology and Symplectic Geometry",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8974840985ec3652492c83e20233bf02",slug:"structure-topology-and-symplectic-geometry",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah and Min Lei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8760.jpg",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9161",title:"Frailty in the Elderly",subtitle:"Understanding and Managing Complexity",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a4f0f2fade8fb8ba35c405f5ad31a823",slug:"frailty-in-the-elderly-understanding-and-managing-complexity",bookSignature:"Sara Palermo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9161.jpg",editors:[{id:"233998",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sara",middleName:null,surname:"Palermo",slug:"sara-palermo",fullName:"Sara Palermo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8445",title:"Dam Engineering",subtitle:"Recent Advances in Design and Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a7e4d2ecbc65d78fa7582e0d2e143906",slug:"dam-engineering-recent-advances-in-design-and-analysis",bookSignature:"Zhongzhi Fu and Erich Bauer",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8445.jpg",editors:[{id:"249577",title:"Dr.",name:"Zhongzhi",middleName:null,surname:"Fu",slug:"zhongzhi-fu",fullName:"Zhongzhi Fu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9385",title:"Renewable Energy",subtitle:"Technologies and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a6b446d19166f17f313008e6c056f3d8",slug:"renewable-energy-technologies-and-applications",bookSignature:"Tolga Taner, Archana Tiwari and Taha Selim Ustun",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9385.jpg",editors:[{id:"197240",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Tolga",middleName:null,surname:"Taner",slug:"tolga-taner",fullName:"Tolga Taner"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"186791",title:"Dr.",name:"Archana",middleName:null,surname:"Tiwari",slug:"archana-tiwari",fullName:"Archana Tiwari",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/186791/images/system/186791.jpg",biography:"Dr. Archana Tiwari is Associate Professor at Amity University, India. Her research interests include renewable sources of energy from microalgae and further utilizing the residual biomass for the generation of value-added products, bioremediation through microalgae and microbial consortium, antioxidative enzymes and stress, and nutraceuticals from microalgae. She has been working on algal biotechnology for the last two decades. She has published her research in many international journals and has authored many books and chapters with renowned publishing houses. She has also delivered talks as an invited speaker at many national and international conferences. Dr. Tiwari is the recipient of several awards including Researcher of the Year and Distinguished Scientist.",institutionString:"Amity University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Amity University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}},equalEditorTwo:{id:"197609",title:"Prof.",name:"Taha Selim",middleName:null,surname:"Ustun",slug:"taha-selim-ustun",fullName:"Taha Selim Ustun",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/197609/images/system/197609.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Taha Selim Ustun received a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. He is a researcher with the Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA), where he leads the Smart Grid Cybersecurity Laboratory. Prior to that, he was a faculty member with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. His current research interests include power systems protection, communication in power networks, distributed generation, microgrids, electric vehicle integration, and cybersecurity in smart grids. He serves on the editorial boards of IEEE Access, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Energies, Electronics, Electricity, World Electric Vehicle and Information journals. Dr. Ustun is a member of the IEEE 2004 and 2800, IEC Renewable Energy Management WG 8, and IEC TC 57 WG17. He has been invited to run specialist courses in Africa, India, and China. He has delivered talks for the Qatar Foundation, the World Energy Council, the Waterloo Global Science Initiative, and the European Union Energy Initiative (EUEI). His research has attracted funding from prestigious programs in Japan, Australia, the European Union, and North America.",institutionString:"Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA)",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8937",title:"Soil Moisture Importance",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3951728ace7f135451d66b72e9908b47",slug:"soil-moisture-importance",bookSignature:"Ram Swaroop Meena and Rahul Datta",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8937.jpg",editors:[{id:"313528",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Ram Swaroop",middleName:null,surname:"Meena",slug:"ram-swaroop-meena",fullName:"Ram Swaroop Meena"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7031",title:"Liver Pathology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"631321b0565459ed0175917f1c8c727f",slug:"liver-pathology",bookSignature:"Vijay Gayam and Omer Engin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7031.jpg",editors:[{id:"273100",title:"Dr.",name:"Vijay",middleName:null,surname:"Gayam",slug:"vijay-gayam",fullName:"Vijay Gayam"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8158",title:"Veganism",subtitle:"a Fashion Trend or Food as a Medicine",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d8e51fc25a379e5b92a270addbb4351d",slug:"veganism-a-fashion-trend-or-food-as-a-medicine",bookSignature:"Miljana Z. Jovandaric",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8158.jpg",editors:[{id:"268043",title:"Dr.",name:"Miljana Z.",middleName:"Z",surname:"Jovandaric",slug:"miljana-z.-jovandaric",fullName:"Miljana Z. Jovandaric"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"2160",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications - Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dd9c658341fbd264ed4f8d9e6aa8ca29",slug:"matlab-a-fundamental-tool-for-scientific-computing-and-engineering-applications-volume-1",bookSignature:"Vasilios N. Katsikis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2160.jpg",editors:[{id:"12289",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasilios",middleName:"N.",surname:"Katsikis",slug:"vasilios-katsikis",fullName:"Vasilios Katsikis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:5315},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8472",title:"Bioactive Compounds in Nutraceutical and Functional Food for Good Human Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8855452919b8495810ef8e88641feb20",slug:"bioactive-compounds-in-nutraceutical-and-functional-food-for-good-human-health",bookSignature:"Kavita Sharma, Kanchan Mishra, Kula Kamal Senapati and Corina Danciu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8472.jpg",editors:[{id:"197731",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavita",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"kavita-sharma",fullName:"Kavita Sharma"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9685",title:"Agroecosystems",subtitle:"Very Complex Environmental Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c44f7b43a9f9610c243dc32300d37df6",slug:"agroecosystems-very-complex-environmental-systems",bookSignature:"Marcelo L. Larramendy and Sonia Soloneski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9685.jpg",editors:[{id:"14764",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcelo L.",middleName:null,surname:"Larramendy",slug:"marcelo-l.-larramendy",fullName:"Marcelo L. Larramendy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8564",title:"Cell Interaction",subtitle:"Molecular and Immunological Basis for Disease Management",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"98d7f080d80524285f091e72a8e92a6d",slug:"cell-interaction-molecular-and-immunological-basis-for-disease-management",bookSignature:"Bhawana Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8564.jpg",editors:[{id:"315192",title:"Dr.",name:"Bhawana",middleName:null,surname:"Singh",slug:"bhawana-singh",fullName:"Bhawana Singh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9629",title:"Electroencephalography",subtitle:"From Basic Research to Clinical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8147834b6c6deeeec40f407c71ad60b4",slug:"electroencephalography-from-basic-research-to-clinical-applications",bookSignature:"Hideki Nakano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9629.jpg",editors:[{id:"196461",title:"Prof.",name:"Hideki",middleName:null,surname:"Nakano",slug:"hideki-nakano",fullName:"Hideki Nakano"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8760",title:"Structure Topology and Symplectic Geometry",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8974840985ec3652492c83e20233bf02",slug:"structure-topology-and-symplectic-geometry",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah and Min Lei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8760.jpg",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9161",title:"Frailty in the Elderly",subtitle:"Understanding and Managing Complexity",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a4f0f2fade8fb8ba35c405f5ad31a823",slug:"frailty-in-the-elderly-understanding-and-managing-complexity",bookSignature:"Sara Palermo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9161.jpg",editors:[{id:"233998",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sara",middleName:null,surname:"Palermo",slug:"sara-palermo",fullName:"Sara Palermo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8445",title:"Dam Engineering",subtitle:"Recent Advances in Design and Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a7e4d2ecbc65d78fa7582e0d2e143906",slug:"dam-engineering-recent-advances-in-design-and-analysis",bookSignature:"Zhongzhi Fu and Erich Bauer",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8445.jpg",editors:[{id:"249577",title:"Dr.",name:"Zhongzhi",middleName:null,surname:"Fu",slug:"zhongzhi-fu",fullName:"Zhongzhi Fu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9385",title:"Renewable Energy",subtitle:"Technologies and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a6b446d19166f17f313008e6c056f3d8",slug:"renewable-energy-technologies-and-applications",bookSignature:"Tolga Taner, Archana Tiwari and Taha Selim Ustun",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9385.jpg",editors:[{id:"197240",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Tolga",middleName:null,surname:"Taner",slug:"tolga-taner",fullName:"Tolga Taner"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"186791",title:"Dr.",name:"Archana",middleName:null,surname:"Tiwari",slug:"archana-tiwari",fullName:"Archana Tiwari",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/186791/images/system/186791.jpg",biography:"Dr. Archana Tiwari is Associate Professor at Amity University, India. Her research interests include renewable sources of energy from microalgae and further utilizing the residual biomass for the generation of value-added products, bioremediation through microalgae and microbial consortium, antioxidative enzymes and stress, and nutraceuticals from microalgae. She has been working on algal biotechnology for the last two decades. She has published her research in many international journals and has authored many books and chapters with renowned publishing houses. She has also delivered talks as an invited speaker at many national and international conferences. Dr. Tiwari is the recipient of several awards including Researcher of the Year and Distinguished Scientist.",institutionString:"Amity University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Amity University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}},equalEditorTwo:{id:"197609",title:"Prof.",name:"Taha Selim",middleName:null,surname:"Ustun",slug:"taha-selim-ustun",fullName:"Taha Selim Ustun",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/197609/images/system/197609.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Taha Selim Ustun received a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. He is a researcher with the Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA), where he leads the Smart Grid Cybersecurity Laboratory. Prior to that, he was a faculty member with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. His current research interests include power systems protection, communication in power networks, distributed generation, microgrids, electric vehicle integration, and cybersecurity in smart grids. He serves on the editorial boards of IEEE Access, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Energies, Electronics, Electricity, World Electric Vehicle and Information journals. Dr. Ustun is a member of the IEEE 2004 and 2800, IEC Renewable Energy Management WG 8, and IEC TC 57 WG17. He has been invited to run specialist courses in Africa, India, and China. He has delivered talks for the Qatar Foundation, the World Energy Council, the Waterloo Global Science Initiative, and the European Union Energy Initiative (EUEI). His research has attracted funding from prestigious programs in Japan, Australia, the European Union, and North America.",institutionString:"Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA)",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8937",title:"Soil Moisture Importance",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3951728ace7f135451d66b72e9908b47",slug:"soil-moisture-importance",bookSignature:"Ram Swaroop Meena and Rahul Datta",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8937.jpg",editors:[{id:"313528",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Ram Swaroop",middleName:null,surname:"Meena",slug:"ram-swaroop-meena",fullName:"Ram Swaroop Meena"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7031",title:"Liver Pathology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"631321b0565459ed0175917f1c8c727f",slug:"liver-pathology",bookSignature:"Vijay Gayam and Omer Engin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7031.jpg",editors:[{id:"273100",title:"Dr.",name:"Vijay",middleName:null,surname:"Gayam",slug:"vijay-gayam",fullName:"Vijay Gayam"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8472",title:"Bioactive Compounds in Nutraceutical and Functional Food for Good Human Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8855452919b8495810ef8e88641feb20",slug:"bioactive-compounds-in-nutraceutical-and-functional-food-for-good-human-health",bookSignature:"Kavita Sharma, Kanchan Mishra, Kula Kamal Senapati and Corina Danciu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8472.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"197731",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavita",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"kavita-sharma",fullName:"Kavita Sharma"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8760",title:"Structure Topology and Symplectic Geometry",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8974840985ec3652492c83e20233bf02",slug:"structure-topology-and-symplectic-geometry",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah and Min Lei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8760.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9536",title:"Education at the Intersection of Globalization and Technology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0cf6891060eb438d975d250e8b127ed6",slug:"education-at-the-intersection-of-globalization-and-technology",bookSignature:"Sharon Waller, Lee Waller, Vongai Mpofu and Mercy Kurebwa",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9536.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"263302",title:"Dr.",name:"Sharon",middleName:null,surname:"Waller",slug:"sharon-waller",fullName:"Sharon Waller"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8564",title:"Cell Interaction",subtitle:"Molecular and Immunological Basis for Disease Management",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"98d7f080d80524285f091e72a8e92a6d",slug:"cell-interaction-molecular-and-immunological-basis-for-disease-management",bookSignature:"Bhawana Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8564.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"315192",title:"Dr.",name:"Bhawana",middleName:null,surname:"Singh",slug:"bhawana-singh",fullName:"Bhawana Singh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9629",title:"Electroencephalography",subtitle:"From Basic Research to Clinical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8147834b6c6deeeec40f407c71ad60b4",slug:"electroencephalography-from-basic-research-to-clinical-applications",bookSignature:"Hideki Nakano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9629.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"196461",title:"Prof.",name:"Hideki",middleName:null,surname:"Nakano",slug:"hideki-nakano",fullName:"Hideki Nakano"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9685",title:"Agroecosystems",subtitle:"Very Complex Environmental Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c44f7b43a9f9610c243dc32300d37df6",slug:"agroecosystems-very-complex-environmental-systems",bookSignature:"Marcelo L. Larramendy and Sonia Soloneski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9685.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"14764",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcelo L.",middleName:null,surname:"Larramendy",slug:"marcelo-l.-larramendy",fullName:"Marcelo L. Larramendy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9524",title:"Organ Donation and Transplantation",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6ef47e03cd4e6476946fc28ca51de825",slug:"organ-donation-and-transplantation",bookSignature:"Vassil Mihaylov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9524.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"313113",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Vassil",middleName:null,surname:"Mihaylov",slug:"vassil-mihaylov",fullName:"Vassil Mihaylov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9280",title:"Underwater Work",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"647b4270d937deae4a82f5702d1959ec",slug:"underwater-work",bookSignature:"Sérgio António Neves Lousada",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9280.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"248645",title:"Dr.",name:"Sérgio António",middleName:null,surname:"Neves Lousada",slug:"sergio-antonio-neves-lousada",fullName:"Sérgio António Neves Lousada"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9161",title:"Frailty in the Elderly",subtitle:"Understanding and Managing Complexity",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a4f0f2fade8fb8ba35c405f5ad31a823",slug:"frailty-in-the-elderly-understanding-and-managing-complexity",bookSignature:"Sara Palermo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"233998",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sara",middleName:null,surname:"Palermo",slug:"sara-palermo",fullName:"Sara Palermo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8158",title:"Veganism",subtitle:"a Fashion Trend or Food as a Medicine",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d8e51fc25a379e5b92a270addbb4351d",slug:"veganism-a-fashion-trend-or-food-as-a-medicine",bookSignature:"Miljana Z. Jovandaric",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8158.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"268043",title:"Dr.",name:"Miljana Z.",middleName:"Z",surname:"Jovandaric",slug:"miljana-z.-jovandaric",fullName:"Miljana Z. Jovandaric"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"77",title:"Project Management",slug:"project-management",parent:{title:"Business, Management and Economics",slug:"business-management-and-economics"},numberOfBooks:1,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:3,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:0,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicSlug:"project-management",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"6194",title:"Manual on Scientific Communication for Postgraduate Students and Young Researchers in Technical, Natural and Life Sciences",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3b55624db52938989907ac37d71edacb",slug:"manual-on-scientific-communication-for-postgraduate-students-and-young-researchers-in-technical-natural-and-life-sciences",bookSignature:"Oswald Van Cleemput and Luciano Saso",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6194.jpg",editedByType:"Authored by",editors:[{id:"187323",title:"Prof.",name:"Luciano",middleName:null,surname:"Saso",slug:"luciano-saso",fullName:"Luciano Saso"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"4",chapterContentType:"compact",authoredCaption:"Authored by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:1,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"56191",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.69870",title:"Manual on Scientific Communication for Postgraduate Students and Young Researchers in Technical, Natural, and Life Sciences",slug:"manual-on-scientific-communication-for-postgraduate-students-and-young-researchers-in-technical-natu",totalDownloads:1824,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"manual-on-scientific-communication-for-postgraduate-students-and-young-researchers-in-technical-natural-and-life-sciences",title:"Manual on Scientific Communication for Postgraduate Students and Young Researchers in Technical, Natural and Life Sciences",fullTitle:"Manual on Scientific Communication for Postgraduate Students and Young Researchers in Technical, Natural and Life Sciences"},signatures:"Oswald Van Cleemput and Luciano Saso",authors:[{id:"17273",title:"Prof",name:"Oswald",middleName:null,surname:"Van Cleemput",slug:"oswald-van-cleemput",fullName:"Oswald Van Cleemput"},{id:"187323",title:"Prof.",name:"Luciano",middleName:null,surname:"Saso",slug:"luciano-saso",fullName:"Luciano Saso"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"56191",title:"Manual on Scientific Communication for Postgraduate Students and Young Researchers in Technical, Natural, and Life Sciences",slug:"manual-on-scientific-communication-for-postgraduate-students-and-young-researchers-in-technical-natu",totalDownloads:1826,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"manual-on-scientific-communication-for-postgraduate-students-and-young-researchers-in-technical-natural-and-life-sciences",title:"Manual on Scientific Communication for Postgraduate Students and Young Researchers in Technical, Natural and Life Sciences",fullTitle:"Manual on Scientific Communication for Postgraduate Students and Young Researchers in Technical, Natural and Life Sciences"},signatures:"Oswald Van Cleemput and Luciano Saso",authors:[{id:"17273",title:"Prof",name:"Oswald",middleName:null,surname:"Van Cleemput",slug:"oswald-van-cleemput",fullName:"Oswald Van Cleemput"},{id:"187323",title:"Prof.",name:"Luciano",middleName:null,surname:"Saso",slug:"luciano-saso",fullName:"Luciano Saso"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicSlug:"project-management",limit:3,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:0,limit:8,total:null},route:{name:"profile.detail",path:"/profiles/311130/hyeon-jin-choi",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"311130",slug:"hyeon-jin-choi"},fullPath:"/profiles/311130/hyeon-jin-choi",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var m;(m=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(m)}()