Ahmed S. El-Shafie

By Ahmed El-Gendy, Ahmed S. El-Shafie, Ahmed Issa, Saeed Al-Meer, Khalid Al-Saad and Marwa El-Azazy

The widespread use of antimicrobials within either a therapeutic or a veterinary rehearsal has resulted in a crisis on the long run. New strains of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms have appeared. Contamination of water with pharmaceutically active materials is becoming a fact! and efficacy of wastewater treatment plants is a question. Adsorption is a promising technique for wastewater treatment. Carbon-based materials are among the most commonly used adsorbents for remediation purposes. Food production and commercialization are posing rigorous regulations. In this concern, almost all authoritarian societies are setting up standards for the maximum residue levels permissible in raw and processed food. Among these products is infant foods. The current trend is to use carbon-based and recycled from agricultural wastes, which can selectively remove target antimicrobials. Nanoparticles are among the most commonly used materials. With the enormous amount of data generated from an analytical process, there is a need for a powerful data processing technique. Factorial designs play an important role in not only minimalizing the number of experimental runs, and hence saving chemicals, resources, and reducing waste but also, they serve to improve the sensitivity and selectivity, the most important analytical outcomes.

Part of the book: Carbon-Based Material for Environmental Protection and Remediation

By Marwa El-Azazy, Ahmed S. El-Shafie and Khalid Al-Saad

Global economies are confronting major energy challenges. Mitigating the energy depletion crisis and finding alternative and unconventional energy sources have been subjects for many investigations. Plant-sourced biomasses have started to attract global attention as a renewable energy source. Maximizing the performance of the biomass feedstock in different applications requires the availability of reliable and cost-effective techniques for characterization of the biomass. Comprehending the structure of lignocellulosic biomass is a very important way to assess the feasibility of bond formation and functionalization, structural architecture, and hence sculpting of the corresponding structure−property liaison. Over the past decades, non-invasive techniques have brought many pros that make them a valuable tool in depicting the structure of lignocellulosic materials. The current chapter will be focused on the applications of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy especially in the mid-infrared region in the compositional and structural analysis of lignocellulosic biomasses. The chapter will provide a display of examples from the literature for the application of FTIR spectroscopy in finding the composition of various biomasses obtained from different parts of plants and applied for wastewater treatment. A comparison between biomasses and physically/chemically treated products will be discussed.

Part of the book: Infrared Spectroscopy