Chapters authored
Pediatric Acne By Bilgen Gencler, Ozge Keseroglu, Selda Pelin Kartal and Muzeyyen
Gonul
Acne is a dermatological disorder that can be more commonly seen in adolescents as well as younger patients. The pediatric acne is classified according to the age groups as neonatal acne, infantile acne, mid-childhood acne, and prepubertal acne. The presentation, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of the disease vary in each age group. Early diagnosis is important to prevent the scar formation and determine the underlying abnormalities.
Part of the book: Acne and Acneiform Eruptions
The Epidemiology of Behçet’s Disease By Işıl Deniz Oguz, Pelin Hizli and Muzeyyen Gonul
Behçet’s disease (BD), a chronic vasculitis affecting any type of the blood vessels, was first described by a Turkish dermatologist Hulusi Behçet. Although it has a worldwide distribution, it is commonly seen in the Silk Road countries around the Mediterranean Sea. The country in which the disease is most commonly seen is Turkey with a prevalence of 20–602/100,000. The disease most appears between the second and fourth decades of the life. BD affects both genders equally. However, the gender distribution may differ among different regions.
Part of the book: Behcet's Disease
Comorbidities in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria By Müzeyyen Gönül, Havva Hilal Ayvaz and Selda Pelin Kartal
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a disease that makes people’s lives miserable with unknown etiology. In recent years, there have been many studies trying to explain the etiology of CSU, and many of them reported that there are some comorbidities or triggering factors related to CSU. However, it has not been clearly known yet that whether these conditions are true comorbidities associated with CSU or they are coincidentally found at the same time. In this chapter, related comorbidities and conditions have been told.
Part of the book: Urticaria and Angioedema
Infectious Agents in Etiopathogenesis of Behçet’s Disease By Havva Ozge Keseroglu and Müzeyyen Gönül
Behçet disease (BD) is a chronic, relapsing, multisystemic vasculitis with unknown etiopathogenesis. It is widely accepted that an altered immune response triggered by an infectious agent or by an otoantigen in a genetically predisposed individual plays major role in the pathogenesis of BD. In this chapter, the role of infectious agents in the etiopathogenesis of BD was discussed.
Part of the book: Behcet's Disease
Bullous Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Cicatricial Pemphigoid By Havva Hilal Ayvaz, Müzeyyen Gönül and Seda Atay
Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus is a rare distinctive subepidermal bullous disease seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It has characteristical clinic, pathologic, and immunologic findings including antibodies to type VII collagen, laminin 332, laminin 331, and bullous pemphigoid antigen 230. Clinical presentation combined with histopathology, immunological testing, and concomitant diagnosis of SLE according to the criteria of American College of Rheumatology, are required to distinguish bullous SLE from these bullous diseases. In patients with bullous SLE, SLE disease progression and complications may be worse. Cicatricial pemphigoid is a chronic subepidermal blistering disease which is characterized by erosive lesions of mucous membranes and skin. Pathogenesis of cicatricial pemphigoid is characterized by linear deposition of Immunoglobulin G, A, or complement 3 along the epithelial basement membrane zone. The main target antigens are bullous pemphigoid antigens 180–230, laminin 331–332, type VII collagen, and β-4 integrin subunit. Cicatricial pemphigoid may lead to serious complications such as blindness and airway obstruction. Herein, clinical, histological, immunopathological features, the diagnosis and treatment of bullous SLE and cicatricial pemphigoid diseases are mentioned to raise awareness among the dermatologists about this important but rare heterogeneous bullous disease.
Part of the book: Autoimmune Bullous Diseases
Introduction to Autoimmune Bullous Diseases By Müzeyyen Gönül and Seray Külcü Çakmak
Autoimmune bullous diseases are heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by intraepidermal and subepidermal bullae formation. Autoantibodies to major players of skin integrity cause devastating symptoms in autoimmune bullous diseases that may result with morbidity and even mortality in the affected patients. These group of diseases can be categorized by the level of splitting in the skin and by structural proteins that are targeted by autoantibodies. Autoimmune bullous diseases can be divided into four basic subgroups: pemphigus, pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and dermatitis herpetiformis, although their different subtypes have been defined. In this chapter, the structure and tasks of desmosomes and basement membrane zone, which consist of the major antigens of the skin integrity targeted by autoantibodies, are examined, and the relation of target antigens and autoimmune bullous diseases is discussed.
Part of the book: Autoimmune Bullous Diseases
The History and Diagnosis of Behçet’s Disease By Müzeyyen Gönül, Arzu Kılıç and Bilgen Gençler
Behçet’s disease (BD) is a multisystemic vasculitis of unknown aetiology, initially reported by Turkish dermatologist Hulusi Behçet in 1937. Hulusi Behçet presented the disease as a triple symptom complex with recurrent aphthosis, genital ulceration and recurrent hypopyon uveitis. But subsequent studies have shown that it can affect many organs with wide clinical spectrum. It is challenging to make a definite diagnosis because there is no pathognomic laboratory test to diagnose Behçet’s disease. The diagnosis is based on variable group of clinical manifestations. Many new diagnostic/classification criteria have been developed through the years. International Study Group (ISG) Criteria and the International Criteria for Behçet’s Disease (ICBD) are the most commonly acceptable criteria for the diagnosis of BD. However, due to the broad clinical spectrum of Behçet’s disease, there will always be Behçet’s patients who do not complete the criteria. Therefore, the experience of the physician and evaluation of the findings with a good clinical anamnesis is of great importance in the diagnosis.
Part of the book: Different Aspects of Behçet's Disease
Skin Blister Formation and Subepidermal Bullous Disorders By Gamze Taş Aygar and Müzeyyen Gönül
Blistering diseases comprise a large group of clinically polymorphic and sometimes devastating diseases. Blistering diseases are evaluated according to the level of the blister, the mechanism of blister formation and the type of inflammation. There are many connections in the normal structure of the skin that hold the cells together. These connections both hold the cells in the epidermis together and ensure that these cells attach to the basement membrane. As a result of damage to these connections by genetic, immune, infectious or physical reasons, intercellular connections are broken and blistering developments due to the accumulation of extracellular fluid in the intercellular spaces. Autoimmune bullous diseases are classified according to the decomposition site of the epidermis. While the pemphigus group is used to classify diseases with intraepidermal separation, the pemphigoid group diseases are used to classify diseases with subepidermal separation. In this section, pemphigoid group diseases, such as bullous pemphigoid, mucous membrane pemphigoid, acquired epidermolysis bullosa, linear IgA bullous dermatosis, and anti-p200 pemphigoid, will be explained with a brief introduction to blistering diseases of the skin.
Part of the book: Wound Healing
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