The main characteristics of the dataset.
\\n\\n
Released this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\\n\\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:null},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'IntechOpen is proud to announce that 179 of our authors have made the Clarivate™ Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020, ranking them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nThroughout the years, the list has named a total of 252 IntechOpen authors as Highly Cited. Of those researchers, 69 have been featured on the list multiple times.
\n\n\n\nReleased this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"stanford-university-identifies-top-2-scientists-over-1-000-are-intechopen-authors-and-editors-20210122",title:"Stanford University Identifies Top 2% Scientists, Over 1,000 are IntechOpen Authors and Editors"},{slug:"intechopen-authors-included-in-the-highly-cited-researchers-list-for-2020-20210121",title:"IntechOpen Authors Included in the Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020"},{slug:"intechopen-maintains-position-as-the-world-s-largest-oa-book-publisher-20201218",title:"IntechOpen Maintains Position as the World’s Largest OA Book Publisher"},{slug:"all-intechopen-books-available-on-perlego-20201215",title:"All IntechOpen Books Available on Perlego"},{slug:"oiv-awards-recognizes-intechopen-s-editors-20201127",title:"OIV Awards Recognizes IntechOpen's Editors"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-crossref-s-initiative-for-open-abstracts-i4oa-to-boost-the-discovery-of-research-20201005",title:"IntechOpen joins Crossref's Initiative for Open Abstracts (I4OA) to Boost the Discovery of Research"},{slug:"intechopen-hits-milestone-5-000-open-access-books-published-20200908",title:"IntechOpen hits milestone: 5,000 Open Access books published!"},{slug:"intechopen-books-hosted-on-the-mathworks-book-program-20200819",title:"IntechOpen Books Hosted on the MathWorks Book Program"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"9020",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Food Processing",title:"Food Processing",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"In view of the continuous evolution that is taking place in the field of food processing, this book aims to devise the most comprehensive presentation of up-to-date information in the specialized literature to improve existing knowledge. The chapters in this book have been divided into four sections. Section 1—Food Technologies in Food Processing—presents current technological processes used in food processing. Section 2—Quality of Raw Materials in Food Processing—presents the importance of the quality of raw materials used in food processing. Section 3—Treatments Used in Food Processing—presents the latest trends in treatments used in food processing. Section 4—Factors That Influence Food Processing—presents current information on the factors that influence food processing from the raw material to the packaging used.",isbn:"978-1-78985-894-5",printIsbn:"978-1-78985-893-8",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83880-375-9",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.82985",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"food-processing",numberOfPages:218,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:1,hash:"4ec2cdd3d6127695e24ca587a854e6a9",bookSignature:"Romina Alina Marc, Antonio Valero Díaz and Guiomar Denisse Posada Izquierdo",publishedDate:"May 6th 2020",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9020.jpg",numberOfDownloads:3784,numberOfWosCitations:1,numberOfCrossrefCitations:2,numberOfDimensionsCitations:2,hasAltmetrics:0,numberOfTotalCitations:5,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"June 3rd 2019",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"September 4th 2019",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"November 3rd 2019",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"January 22nd 2020",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"March 22nd 2020",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,editors:[{id:"275077",title:"Dr.Ing.",name:"Romina Alina",middleName:null,surname:"Marc",slug:"romina-alina-marc",fullName:"Romina Alina Marc",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/275077/images/system/275077.jpeg",biography:'Romina Alina Marc has completed her Ph.D. (Agronomy) in 2015 at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (UASVM) of Cluj-Napoca, Romania. She is PhD Eng., Lecturer and she is responsible for the research activity in the Vegetable food quality control, Rheology in the food industry, Quality management systems and Food safety of the Faculty of Food Science and Technology, UASVM Cluj-Napoca. She has published 40 research articles on the development of innovative food products, food safety and bioactive compound traceability during processing in reputed journals, 36 international conferences, 9 patent applications, 3 chapters in international books, and 1 scientific book. She was responsible for 7 research projects, member in 7 research projects, won 2 national awards and 70 international awards. He is the publisher of an international book "Food Processing", 2020, IntechOpen Publishing House, ISBN 978-1-78985-894-5. Member in professional associations: Slow Food International; Association of Food Industry Specialists in Romania (ASIAR), from education, research and production; Association of Specialists in Milling and Baking in Romania.',institutionString:"University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:{id:"232871",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Valero Díaz",slug:"antonio-valero-diaz",fullName:"Antonio Valero Díaz",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/232871/images/system/232871.jpg",biography:"Prof. Antonio Valero has obtained a Degree in Biology and PhD in Food Science and Technology at the University of Cordoba. He has currently more than 10 years experienced managing projects, training courses, academic teaching and events in food and related sectors. He has participated in different national and international research projects related to predictive modelling and risk assessment. His research activity is widely shown as he has published over 70 peer reviewed papers and book chapters mainly related to application of predictive models in foods, microbial risk assessment and management and derivation of microbiological criteria in selected foods. Additionally, he has presented more than 100 communications in different congresses and symposia since 2003.",institutionString:"University of Cordoba",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"University of Córdoba",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},coeditorTwo:{id:"176615",title:"Prof.",name:"Guiomar Denisse",middleName:null,surname:"Posada Izquierdo",slug:"guiomar-denisse-posada-izquierdo",fullName:"Guiomar Denisse Posada Izquierdo",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/176615/images/system/176615.jpg",biography:"Prof. Guiomar Denisse Posada Izquierdo completed her degree in Agronomic Engineering in 2006, her agrifood master in 2007, and received her PhD in Food Science and Technology from the University of Córdoba, Spain, in 2013, where she currently works in the Department of Food Science and Technology. She has more than 12 years’ experience participating in the food quality and safety field together with training courses, academic teaching, and participation in food-related events. Guiomar Denisse Posada has been involved in different national and international research projects related to predictive modeling and risk assessment (development of a common structure for microbiological risk assessment and management in minimally processed and ready-to-eat foods: application in vegetables products, and selection of fit-for-purpose sampling procedures for specific foods and risks, BASELINE, COST Action 920). She has been trained and specializes in disinfection treatments and processing control of vegetable foods thanks to different pre- and post-doctoral stays at prestigious institutions such as the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University (USA), University of Ghent (Belgium), and the Spanish Research Council (CEBAS-CSIC and IG-CSIC). Her publications include more than 30 peer-reviewed papers and book chapters related to the application of predictive models in foods, microbial risk assessment and management, decontamination technologies in vegetables, and food shelf-life. Additionally, she has presented more than 50 communications in different conferences and symposia since 2006. She participated in the organizing committee of the last ICPMF10 conference held in Córdoba (September 2017). Currently, Guiomar Denisse Posada holds a position at the Department of Food Science and Technology (University of Córdoba). She has wide experience (8+ years) in academic teaching within the food science and technology and veterinary degrees.",institutionString:"University of Cordoba",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:null},coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"334",title:"Food Engineering",slug:"food-science-food-engineering"}],chapters:[{id:"71728",title:"Introductory Chapter: A Global Presentation on Trends in Food Processing",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.91947",slug:"introductory-chapter-a-global-presentation-on-trends-in-food-processing",totalDownloads:355,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Romina Alina Marc",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/71728",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/71728",authors:[{id:"275077",title:"Dr.Ing.",name:"Romina Alina",surname:"Marc",slug:"romina-alina-marc",fullName:"Romina Alina Marc"}],corrections:null},{id:"70263",title:"Olive Processing: Influence of Some Crucial Phases on the Final Quality of Olive Oil",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.88888",slug:"olive-processing-influence-of-some-crucial-phases-on-the-final-quality-of-olive-oil",totalDownloads:231,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Lucia Morrone, Annalisa Rotondi, Francesca Rapparini and Gianpaolo Bertazza",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/70263",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/70263",authors:[{id:"155937",title:"Dr.",name:"Rotondi",surname:"Annalisa",slug:"rotondi-annalisa",fullName:"Rotondi Annalisa"},{id:"309969",title:"Dr.",name:"Lucia",surname:"Morrone",slug:"lucia-morrone",fullName:"Lucia Morrone"},{id:"309970",title:"Dr.",name:"Francesca",surname:"Rapparini",slug:"francesca-rapparini",fullName:"Francesca Rapparini"},{id:"309971",title:"Dr.",name:"Gianpaolo",surname:"Bertazza",slug:"gianpaolo-bertazza",fullName:"Gianpaolo Bertazza"}],corrections:null},{id:"70909",title:"Powder Technology",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.90715",slug:"powder-technology",totalDownloads:320,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Suzana Caetano da Silva Lannes and Maria Elena Del Dolores Bernal Gómez",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/70909",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/70909",authors:[{id:"160554",title:"Dr.",name:"Suzana",surname:"Lannes",slug:"suzana-lannes",fullName:"Suzana Lannes"},{id:"315472",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria Elena",surname:"Bernal Gómez",slug:"maria-elena-bernal-gomez",fullName:"Maria Elena Bernal Gómez"}],corrections:null},{id:"71519",title:"Valorization of the Seeds (Almonds and Oil) of the Spontaneous Argan of Tindouf and the Other Experimental Domesticated Argan of Mostaganem in Algeria",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.91655",slug:"valorization-of-the-seeds-almonds-and-oil-of-the-spontaneous-argan-of-tindouf-and-the-other-experime",totalDownloads:202,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Benaouf Zohra, Djorf Oussama, Jaradat Chawkat and Kechairi Reda",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/71519",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/71519",authors:[{id:"214556",title:"Dr.",name:"Zohra",surname:"Benaouf",slug:"zohra-benaouf",fullName:"Zohra Benaouf"}],corrections:null},{id:"68361",title:"Microbiological Quality of Chicken Meat Fed with Olive Leaves (Olea europaea L.)",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.88336",slug:"microbiological-quality-of-chicken-meat-fed-with-olive-leaves-em-olea-europaea-em-l-",totalDownloads:247,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Cristiane Marangoni, Alexandre José Cichoski and Juliano Smanioto Barin",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/68361",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/68361",authors:[{id:"303164",title:"Dr.",name:"Cristiane",surname:"Marangoni",slug:"cristiane-marangoni",fullName:"Cristiane Marangoni"},{id:"303762",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexandre",surname:"Cichoski",slug:"alexandre-cichoski",fullName:"Alexandre Cichoski"},{id:"303763",title:"Dr.",name:"Juliano",surname:"Barin",slug:"juliano-barin",fullName:"Juliano Barin"}],corrections:null},{id:"68834",title:"Autochthonous Breeds of Republic of Serbia and Valuation in Food Industry: Opportunities and Challenges",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.88900",slug:"autochthonous-breeds-of-republic-of-serbia-and-valuation-in-food-industry-opportunities-and-challeng",totalDownloads:180,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Čedomir Radović, Milica Petrović, Marija Gogić, Dragan Radojković, Vladimir Živković, Nenad Stoiljković and Radomir Savić",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/68834",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/68834",authors:[{id:"290251",title:"Dr.",name:"Cedomir",surname:"Radovic",slug:"cedomir-radovic",fullName:"Cedomir Radovic"},{id:"290252",title:"Dr.",name:"Radomir",surname:"Savic",slug:"radomir-savic",fullName:"Radomir Savic"},{id:"309843",title:"Prof.",name:"Milica",surname:"Petrović",slug:"milica-petrovic",fullName:"Milica Petrović"},{id:"309867",title:"BSc.",name:"Marija",surname:"Gogić",slug:"marija-gogic",fullName:"Marija Gogić"},{id:"309868",title:"Prof.",name:"Dragan",surname:"Radojković",slug:"dragan-radojkovic",fullName:"Dragan Radojković"},{id:"309869",title:"MSc.",name:"Vladimir",surname:"Živković",slug:"vladimir-zivkovic",fullName:"Vladimir Živković"},{id:"309870",title:"MSc.",name:"Nenad",surname:"Stojiljković",slug:"nenad-stojiljkovic",fullName:"Nenad Stojiljković"}],corrections:null},{id:"70818",title:"High Hydrostatic Pressure Treatment of Meat Products",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.90858",slug:"high-hydrostatic-pressure-treatment-of-meat-products",totalDownloads:318,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,signatures:"Rosa María García-Gimeno and Guiomar Denisse Posada Izquierdo",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/70818",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/70818",authors:[{id:"35213",title:"Dr.",name:"Rosa María",surname:"García-Gimeno",slug:"rosa-maria-garcia-gimeno",fullName:"Rosa María García-Gimeno"},{id:"315909",title:"Dr.",name:"Guiomar Denisse",surname:"Posada-Izquierdo",slug:"guiomar-denisse-posada-izquierdo",fullName:"Guiomar Denisse Posada-Izquierdo"}],corrections:null},{id:"69428",title:"Gamma Irradiation and High Hydrostatic Pressure Applied to Hamburger Conservation",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.88874",slug:"gamma-irradiation-and-high-hydrostatic-pressure-applied-to-hamburger-conservation",totalDownloads:192,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Michelle Guimarães Horta, Fabiana Regina Lima, Carlos Alberto Gois Suzart and Poliana Mendes de Souza",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/69428",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/69428",authors:[{id:"246696",title:"Dr.",name:"Poliana",surname:"Mendes De Souza",slug:"poliana-mendes-de-souza",fullName:"Poliana Mendes De Souza"},{id:"267120",title:"BSc.",name:"Fabiana Regina",surname:"Lima",slug:"fabiana-regina-lima",fullName:"Fabiana Regina Lima"},{id:"301565",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Michelle",surname:"Guimarães Horta",slug:"michelle-guimaraes-horta",fullName:"Michelle Guimarães Horta"},{id:"310805",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos Alberto",surname:"Gois Suzart",slug:"carlos-alberto-gois-suzart",fullName:"Carlos Alberto Gois Suzart"}],corrections:null},{id:"68406",title:"Importance and Applications of Ultrasonic Technology to Improve Food Quality",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.88523",slug:"importance-and-applications-of-ultrasonic-technology-to-improve-food-quality",totalDownloads:531,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,signatures:"Maged E.A. Mohammed and Mohammed R. Alhajhoj",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/68406",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/68406",authors:[{id:"147638",title:"Dr.",name:"Maged",surname:"Mohammed",slug:"maged-mohammed",fullName:"Maged Mohammed"},{id:"309353",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed",surname:"Alhajhoj",slug:"mohammed-alhajhoj",fullName:"Mohammed Alhajhoj"}],corrections:null},{id:"70102",title:"Effect of Polyethylene Glycol 3350 on the Handling Properties of Low Salt Wheat Dough Formulations",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.90132",slug:"effect-of-polyethylene-glycol-3350-on-the-handling-properties-of-low-salt-wheat-dough-formulations",totalDownloads:177,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Andrea K. Stone, Aleksandar Yovchev, Pierre J. Hucl, Martin G. Scanlon and Michael T. Nickerson",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/70102",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/70102",authors:[{id:"178314",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael",surname:"Nickerson",slug:"michael-nickerson",fullName:"Michael Nickerson"}],corrections:null},{id:"70340",title:"Glycation of Animal Proteins Via Maillard Reaction and Their Bioactivity",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.90373",slug:"glycation-of-animal-proteins-via-maillard-reaction-and-their-bioactivity",totalDownloads:292,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Blanca Areli Mondaca-Navarro, Roberto Rodríguez Ramírez, Alma Guadalupe Villa Lerma, Luz Angelica Ávila Villa and Gabriel Davidov Pardo",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/70340",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/70340",authors:[{id:"311432",title:"Dr.",name:"Roberto",surname:"Rodríguez-Rámírez",slug:"roberto-rodriguez-ramirez",fullName:"Roberto Rodríguez-Rámírez"},{id:"311434",title:"MSc.",name:"Blanca Areli",surname:"Mondaca-Navarro",slug:"blanca-areli-mondaca-navarro",fullName:"Blanca Areli Mondaca-Navarro"},{id:"311435",title:"Dr.",name:"Alma Guadalupe",surname:"Villa-Lerma",slug:"alma-guadalupe-villa-lerma",fullName:"Alma Guadalupe Villa-Lerma"},{id:"311436",title:"Dr.",name:"Luz Angelica",surname:"Avila-Villa",slug:"luz-angelica-avila-villa",fullName:"Luz Angelica Avila-Villa"},{id:"314694",title:"Dr.",name:"Gabriel",surname:"Davidov-Pardo",slug:"gabriel-davidov-pardo",fullName:"Gabriel Davidov-Pardo"}],corrections:null},{id:"68737",title:"Packaging Design Alternatives for Meat Products",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.88586",slug:"packaging-design-alternatives-for-meat-products",totalDownloads:739,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Nícolas Mazzola and Claire I.G.L. Sarantopoulos",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/68737",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/68737",authors:[{id:"300723",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Nícolas",surname:"Mazzola",slug:"nicolas-mazzola",fullName:"Nícolas Mazzola"},{id:"300724",title:"Prof.",name:"Claire",surname:"Sarantopoulos",slug:"claire-sarantopoulos",fullName:"Claire Sarantopoulos"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"1128",title:"Structure and Function of Food Engineering",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f34c50135f0247fd4120af8b18ee0405",slug:"structure-and-function-of-food-engineering",bookSignature:"Ayman Amer Eissa",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1128.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"32499",title:"Prof.",name:"Ayman",surname:"Amer Eissa",slug:"ayman-amer-eissa",fullName:"Ayman Amer Eissa"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8544",title:"Food Preservation and Waste Exploitation",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"510c0be10ee47559ddfd296740e24517",slug:"food-preservation-and-waste-exploitation",bookSignature:"Sonia A. Socaci, Anca C. F?rca?, Thierry Aussenac and Jean-Claude Laguerre",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8544.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"191241",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sonia A.",surname:"Socaci",slug:"sonia-a.-socaci",fullName:"Sonia A. Socaci"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8313",title:"Food Engineering",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f34f0100db8038cd838a4a03fb56de6a",slug:"food-engineering",bookSignature:"Teodora Emilia Coldea",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8313.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"220490",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Teodora Emilia",surname:"Coldea",slug:"teodora-emilia-coldea",fullName:"Teodora Emilia Coldea"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophanides",surname:"Theophile",slug:"theophanides-theophile",fullName:"Theophanides Theophile"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1373",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Applications and Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e9ae5ae9167cde4b344e499a792c41c",slug:"ionic-liquids-applications-and-perspectives",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1373.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"57",title:"Physics and Applications of Graphene",subtitle:"Experiments",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0e6622a71cf4f02f45bfdd5691e1189a",slug:"physics-and-applications-of-graphene-experiments",bookSignature:"Sergey Mikhailov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/57.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"16042",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergey",surname:"Mikhailov",slug:"sergey-mikhailov",fullName:"Sergey Mikhailov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],ofsBooks:[]},correction:{item:{id:"66066",slug:"erratum-microbial-responses-to-different-operating-practices-for-biogas-production-systems",title:"Erratum - Microbial Responses to Different Operating Practices for Biogas Production Systems",doi:null,correctionPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/66066.pdf",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/66066",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/66066",totalDownloads:null,totalCrossrefCites:null,bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/66066",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/66066",chapter:{id:"65614",slug:"microbial-responses-to-different-operating-practices-for-biogas-production-systems",signatures:"Maria Westerholm and Anna Schnürer",dateSubmitted:"June 11th 2018",dateReviewed:"November 30th 2018",datePrePublished:"February 12th 2019",datePublished:"September 4th 2019",book:{id:"6839",title:"Anaerobic Digestion",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Anaerobic Digestion",slug:"anaerobic-digestion",publishedDate:"September 4th 2019",bookSignature:"J. Rajesh Banu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6839.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"218539",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajesh",middleName:null,surname:"Banu",slug:"rajesh-banu",fullName:"Rajesh Banu"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"262546",title:"Prof.",name:"Anna",middleName:null,surname:"Schnürer",fullName:"Anna Schnürer",slug:"anna-schnurer",email:"anna.schnurer@slu.se",position:null,institution:null},{id:"263116",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria",middleName:null,surname:"Westerholm",fullName:"Maria Westerholm",slug:"maria-westerholm",email:"Maria.Westerholm@slu.se",position:null,institution:null}]}},chapter:{id:"65614",slug:"microbial-responses-to-different-operating-practices-for-biogas-production-systems",signatures:"Maria Westerholm and Anna Schnürer",dateSubmitted:"June 11th 2018",dateReviewed:"November 30th 2018",datePrePublished:"February 12th 2019",datePublished:"September 4th 2019",book:{id:"6839",title:"Anaerobic Digestion",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Anaerobic Digestion",slug:"anaerobic-digestion",publishedDate:"September 4th 2019",bookSignature:"J. Rajesh Banu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6839.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"218539",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajesh",middleName:null,surname:"Banu",slug:"rajesh-banu",fullName:"Rajesh Banu"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"262546",title:"Prof.",name:"Anna",middleName:null,surname:"Schnürer",fullName:"Anna Schnürer",slug:"anna-schnurer",email:"anna.schnurer@slu.se",position:null,institution:null},{id:"263116",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria",middleName:null,surname:"Westerholm",fullName:"Maria Westerholm",slug:"maria-westerholm",email:"Maria.Westerholm@slu.se",position:null,institution:null}]},book:{id:"6839",title:"Anaerobic Digestion",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Anaerobic Digestion",slug:"anaerobic-digestion",publishedDate:"September 4th 2019",bookSignature:"J. Rajesh Banu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6839.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"218539",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajesh",middleName:null,surname:"Banu",slug:"rajesh-banu",fullName:"Rajesh Banu"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},ofsBook:{item:{type:"book",id:"10708",leadTitle:null,title:"Topics in Regional Anesthesia",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"\r\n\tThe goal of this book on Topics in Regional Anesthesia is to review selected subjects of importance in daily practice. Since the first years of the introduction of cocaine by Carl Koller in 1884, the evolution of regional anesthesia has been continuous, gradual and safe. Its development has been based on anatomy, the pharmacology of local anesthetics and adjuvant drugs, as well as advances in the various blocking techniques, with ultrasound guidance being the most recent advent. The use of ultrasound in regional anesthesia has shown the reduction of complications, which makes it mandatory to knowledge and acquire skills in all ultrasound-guided techniques.
\r\n\r\n\tUltrasound-guided regional blocks will be reviewed extensively, as well as intravenous regional anesthesia, thoracic spinal anesthesia. The role of regional anesthesia and analgesia in critically ill patients is of paramount importance. In addition, we will review the current role of regional techniques during the Covid-19 pandemic. Complications and malpractice is another topic that should be reviewed. Regional anesthesia procedures in some specialties such as pediatrics, orthopedics, cancer surgery, neurosurgery, acute and chronic pain will be discussed.
",isbn:"978-1-83969-570-4",printIsbn:"978-1-83969-569-8",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83969-571-1",doi:null,price:0,priceEur:0,priceUsd:0,slug:null,numberOfPages:0,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"264f7f37033b4867cace7912287fccaa",bookSignature:"Prof. Víctor M. Whizar-Lugo and Dr. José Ramón Saucillo-Osuna",publishedDate:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10708.jpg",keywords:"Regional Anesthesia, Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia, Local Anesthetics, Preventive Analgesia, Peripheral Blocks, Pediatric Regional Anesthesia, Intravenous Regional Anesthesia, Techniques, Complications, Adjuvants in Regional Anesthesia, Opioids, Alfa2 Agonists",numberOfDownloads:null,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:null,numberOfDimensionsCitations:null,numberOfTotalCitations:null,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"February 23rd 2021",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"March 23rd 2021",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"May 22nd 2021",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"August 10th 2021",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"October 9th 2021",remainingDaysToSecondStep:"18 days",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,editedByType:null,kuFlag:!1,biosketch:"Dr. Whizar-Lugo has published more than 100 publications on Anesthesia, Pain, Critical Care, and Internal Medicine. He works as an anesthesiologist at Lotus Med Group and belongs to the Institutos Nacionales de Salud as an associated researcher.",coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"169249",title:"Prof.",name:"Víctor M.",middleName:null,surname:"Whizar-Lugo",slug:"victor-m.-whizar-lugo",fullName:"Víctor M. Whizar-Lugo",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/169249/images/system/169249.jpg",biography:"Víctor M. Whizar-Lugo graduated from Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and completed residencies in Internal Medicine at Hospital General de México and Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine at Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán in México City. He also completed a fellowship at the Anesthesia Department, Pain Clinic at University of California, Los Angeles, USA. Currently, Dr. Whizar-Lugo works as anesthesiologist at Lotus Med Group, and belongs to the Institutos Nacionales de Salud as associated researcher. He has published many works on anesthesia, pain, internal medicine, and critical care, edited four books, and given countless conferences in congresses and meetings around the world. He has been a member of various editorial committees for anesthesiology journals, is past chief editor of the journal Anestesia en México, and is currently editor-in-chief of the Journal of Anesthesia and Critical Care. Dr. Whizar-Lugo is the founding director and current president of Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor (www.anestesiologia-dolor.org), a free online medical education program.",institutionString:"Institutos Nacionales de Salud",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"5",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"3",institution:null}],coeditorOne:{id:"345887",title:"Dr.",name:"José Ramón",middleName:null,surname:"Saucillo-Osuna",slug:"jose-ramon-saucillo-osuna",fullName:"José Ramón Saucillo-Osuna",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000033rFXmQAM/Profile_Picture_1611740683590",biography:"Graduated from the Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, he specialized in anesthesiology at the Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente in Guadalajara, México. He is one of the most important pioneers in Mexico in ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia. Dr. Saucillo-Osuna has lectured at multiple national and international congresses and is an adjunct professor at the Federación Mexicana de Colegios de Anestesiología, AC, former president of the Asociación Mexicana de Anestesia Regional, and active member of the Asociación Latinoamericana de Anestesia Regional.",institutionString:"Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"0",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:null},coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"16",title:"Medicine",slug:"medicine"}],chapters:null,productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"347258",firstName:"Marica",lastName:"Novakovic",middleName:null,title:"Dr.",imageUrl:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",email:"marica@intechopen.com",biography:null}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"6550",title:"Cohort Studies in Health Sciences",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"01df5aba4fff1a84b37a2fdafa809660",slug:"cohort-studies-in-health-sciences",bookSignature:"R. Mauricio Barría",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6550.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"88861",title:"Dr.",name:"R. Mauricio",surname:"Barría",slug:"r.-mauricio-barria",fullName:"R. Mauricio Barría"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophanides",surname:"Theophile",slug:"theophanides-theophile",fullName:"Theophanides Theophile"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1373",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Applications and Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e9ae5ae9167cde4b344e499a792c41c",slug:"ionic-liquids-applications-and-perspectives",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1373.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"57",title:"Physics and Applications of Graphene",subtitle:"Experiments",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0e6622a71cf4f02f45bfdd5691e1189a",slug:"physics-and-applications-of-graphene-experiments",bookSignature:"Sergey Mikhailov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/57.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"16042",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergey",surname:"Mikhailov",slug:"sergey-mikhailov",fullName:"Sergey Mikhailov"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"878",title:"Phytochemicals",subtitle:"A Global Perspective of Their Role in Nutrition and Health",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ec77671f63975ef2d16192897deb6835",slug:"phytochemicals-a-global-perspective-of-their-role-in-nutrition-and-health",bookSignature:"Venketeshwer Rao",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/878.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"82663",title:"Dr.",name:"Venketeshwer",surname:"Rao",slug:"venketeshwer-rao",fullName:"Venketeshwer Rao"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"4816",title:"Face Recognition",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"146063b5359146b7718ea86bad47c8eb",slug:"face_recognition",bookSignature:"Kresimir Delac and Mislav Grgic",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/4816.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"528",title:"Dr.",name:"Kresimir",surname:"Delac",slug:"kresimir-delac",fullName:"Kresimir Delac"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"28432",title:"Soil Management Strategies for Radish and Potato Crops: Yield Response and Economical Productivity in the Relation to Organic Fertilizer and Ridging Practice",doi:"10.5772/28771",slug:"soil-management-strategies-for-radish-and-potato-crops-yield-response-and-economical-productivity-in",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/28432.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/28432",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/28432",totalDownloads:2183,totalViews:88,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:"March 2nd 2011",dateReviewed:"August 16th 2011",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"February 22nd 2012",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/28432",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/28432",book:{slug:"crop-management-cases-and-tools-for-higher-yield-and-sustainability"},signatures:"Masakazu Komatsuzaki and Lei Dou",authors:[{id:"75311",title:"Dr.",name:"Masakazu",middleName:null,surname:"Komatsuzaki",fullName:"Masakazu Komatsuzaki",slug:"masakazu-komatsuzaki",email:"komachan@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp",position:null,institution:{name:"Ibaraki University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},{id:"123998",title:"Dr.",name:"Lei",middleName:null,surname:"Dou",fullName:"Lei Dou",slug:"lei-dou",email:"dou0531@gmail.com",position:null,institution:null}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"595",title:"Crop Management",subtitle:"Cases and Tools for Higher Yield and Sustainability",fullTitle:"Crop Management - Cases and Tools for Higher Yield and Sustainability",slug:"crop-management-cases-and-tools-for-higher-yield-and-sustainability",publishedDate:"February 22nd 2012",bookSignature:"Fabio R. Marin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/595.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"52511",title:"Dr.",name:"Fabio",middleName:"R.",surname:"Marin",slug:"fabio-marin",fullName:"Fabio Marin"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"28429",title:"Ripening and the Use of Ripeners for Better Sugarcane Management",slug:"ripening-and-use-of-ripeners-for-better-sugarcane-management",totalDownloads:10003,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Marcelo de Almeida Silva and Marina Maitto Caputo",authors:[{id:"75983",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcelo",middleName:"De Almeida",surname:"Silva",fullName:"Marcelo Silva",slug:"marcelo-silva"},{id:"123288",title:"MSc.",name:"Marina",middleName:null,surname:"Caputo",fullName:"Marina Caputo",slug:"marina-caputo"}]},{id:"28430",title:"Population Management for Yield Improvement in Upland Rice Ecologies for West Africa Region",slug:"performance-of-interspecific-populations-and-parental-lines-for-upland-rice-ecologies-for-west-afric",totalDownloads:1585,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Andrew A. Efisue",authors:[{id:"82917",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrew",middleName:null,surname:"Efisue",fullName:"Andrew Efisue",slug:"andrew-efisue"}]},{id:"28431",title:"Managing Cover Crops for Conservation Purposes in the Fraser River Delta, British Columbia",slug:"cover-crops-for-conservation-purposes-in-the-fraser-river-delta-british-columbia-",totalDownloads:1323,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Jude J. O. Odhiambo, Wayne D. Temple and Arthur A. Bomke",authors:[{id:"94363",title:"Prof.",name:"Jude",middleName:null,surname:"Odhiambo",fullName:"Jude Odhiambo",slug:"jude-odhiambo"},{id:"94695",title:"Prof.",name:"Arthur",middleName:null,surname:"Bomke",fullName:"Arthur Bomke",slug:"arthur-bomke"},{id:"94697",title:"Dr.",name:"Wayne",middleName:null,surname:"Temple",fullName:"Wayne Temple",slug:"wayne-temple"}]},{id:"28432",title:"Soil Management Strategies for Radish and Potato Crops: Yield Response and Economical Productivity in the Relation to Organic Fertilizer and Ridging Practice",slug:"soil-management-strategies-for-radish-and-potato-crops-yield-response-and-economical-productivity-in",totalDownloads:2183,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Masakazu Komatsuzaki and Lei Dou",authors:[{id:"75311",title:"Dr.",name:"Masakazu",middleName:null,surname:"Komatsuzaki",fullName:"Masakazu Komatsuzaki",slug:"masakazu-komatsuzaki"},{id:"123998",title:"Dr.",name:"Lei",middleName:null,surname:"Dou",fullName:"Lei Dou",slug:"lei-dou"}]},{id:"28433",title:"A Conceptual Model to Design Prototypes of Crop Management: A Way to Improve Organic Winter Oilseed Rape Performance in Farmers’ Fields",slug:"a-conceptual-model-to-design-prototypes-of-crop-management-a-way-to-improve-organic-winter-oilseed-r",totalDownloads:1970,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Muriel Valantin-Morison and Jean-Marc Meynard",authors:[{id:"85419",title:"Dr.",name:"Muriel",middleName:null,surname:"Valantin-Morison",fullName:"Muriel Valantin-Morison",slug:"muriel-valantin-morison"},{id:"91003",title:"Dr.",name:"Jean-Marc",middleName:null,surname:"Meynard",fullName:"Jean-Marc Meynard",slug:"jean-marc-meynard"}]},{id:"28434",title:"Understanding Sugarcane Yield Gap and Bettering Crop Management Through Crop Production Efficiency",slug:"-understanding-sugarcane-yield-gap-and-bettering-crop-management-through-crop-production-efficiency",totalDownloads:1869,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Fábio Ricardo Marin",authors:[{id:"52511",title:"Dr.",name:"Fabio",middleName:"R.",surname:"Marin",fullName:"Fabio Marin",slug:"fabio-marin"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"3060",title:"Plant Breeding from Laboratories to Fields",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5b517f307caac739435f7fbaed5326ac",slug:"plant-breeding-from-laboratories-to-fields",bookSignature:"Sven Bode Andersen",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3060.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"79388",title:"Prof.",name:"Sven Bode",surname:"Andersen",slug:"sven-bode-andersen",fullName:"Sven Bode Andersen"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"40396",title:"Genomic in situ Hybridization in Triticeae: A Methodological Approach",slug:"genomic-in-situ-hybridization-in-triticeae-a-methodological-approach",signatures:"Sandra Patussi Brammer, Santelmo Vasconcelos, Liane Balvedi\nPoersch, Ana Rafaela Oliveira and Ana Christina Brasileiro-Vidal",authors:[{id:"74308",title:"Dr.",name:"Santelmo",middleName:null,surname:"Vasconcelos",fullName:"Santelmo Vasconcelos",slug:"santelmo-vasconcelos"},{id:"160855",title:"Dr.",name:"Sandra",middleName:null,surname:"Brammer",fullName:"Sandra Brammer",slug:"sandra-brammer"},{id:"160856",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana Christina",middleName:null,surname:"Brasileiro-Vidal",fullName:"Ana Christina Brasileiro-Vidal",slug:"ana-christina-brasileiro-vidal"},{id:"160857",title:"BSc.",name:"Ana Rafaela",middleName:null,surname:"Oliveira",fullName:"Ana Rafaela Oliveira",slug:"ana-rafaela-oliveira"},{id:"160858",title:"MSc.",name:"Liane Balvedi",middleName:null,surname:"Poersch",fullName:"Liane Balvedi Poersch",slug:"liane-balvedi-poersch"},{id:"165999",title:"Dr.",name:"Sandra Patussi",middleName:null,surname:"Brammer",fullName:"Sandra Patussi Brammer",slug:"sandra-patussi-brammer"}]},{id:"44340",title:"SRAP Molecular Marker Technology in Plant Science",slug:"srap-molecular-marker-technology-in-plant-science",signatures:"Genyi Li, Peter B. E. McVetty and Carlos F. Quiros",authors:[{id:"160577",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Genyi",middleName:null,surname:"Li",fullName:"Genyi Li",slug:"genyi-li"}]},{id:"40178",title:"Molecular Markers and Marker-Assisted Breeding in Plants",slug:"molecular-markers-and-marker-assisted-breeding-in-plants",signatures:"Guo-Liang Jiang",authors:[{id:"158810",title:"Dr.",name:"Guo-Liang",middleName:null,surname:"Jiang",fullName:"Guo-Liang Jiang",slug:"guo-liang-jiang"}]},{id:"44012",title:"Genetic Dissection of Blackleg Resistance Loci in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)",slug:"genetic-dissection-of-blackleg-resistance-loci-in-rapeseed-brassica-napus-l-",signatures:"Harsh Raman, Rosy Raman and Nick Larkan",authors:[{id:"76347",title:"Dr.",name:"Harsh",middleName:null,surname:"Raman",fullName:"Harsh Raman",slug:"harsh-raman"},{id:"166451",title:"Dr.",name:"Rosy",middleName:null,surname:"Raman",fullName:"Rosy Raman",slug:"rosy-raman"},{id:"166452",title:"Dr.",name:"Nicholas",middleName:null,surname:"Larkan",fullName:"Nicholas Larkan",slug:"nicholas-larkan"}]},{id:"44502",title:"Marker Assisted Selection for Common Bean Diseases Improvements in Tanzania: Prospects and Future Needs",slug:"marker-assisted-selection-for-common-bean-diseases-improvements-in-tanzania-prospects-and-future-nee",signatures:"George Muhamba Tryphone, Luseko Amos Chilagane, Deogracious\nProtas, Paul Mbogo Kusolwa and Susan Nchimbi-Msolla",authors:[{id:"157660",title:"M.Sc.",name:"George",middleName:null,surname:"Tryphone",fullName:"George Tryphone",slug:"george-tryphone"},{id:"166366",title:"Dr.",name:"Deogracious",middleName:null,surname:"Protas",fullName:"Deogracious Protas",slug:"deogracious-protas"},{id:"166412",title:"Dr.",name:"Luseko",middleName:null,surname:"Chilagane",fullName:"Luseko Chilagane",slug:"luseko-chilagane"},{id:"166413",title:"Dr.",name:"Paul",middleName:null,surname:"Kusolwa",fullName:"Paul Kusolwa",slug:"paul-kusolwa"},{id:"166414",title:"Dr.",name:"Susan",middleName:null,surname:"Nchimbi-Msolla",fullName:"Susan Nchimbi-Msolla",slug:"susan-nchimbi-msolla"}]},{id:"44503",title:"Breeding for Drought Resistance Using Whole Plant Architecture — Conventional and Molecular Approach",slug:"breeding-for-drought-resistance-using-whole-plant-architecture-conventional-and-molecular-approach",signatures:"H.E. Shashidhar, Adnan Kanbar, Mahmoud Toorchi, G.M.\nRaveendra, Pavan Kundur, H.S. Vimarsha, Rakhi Soman, Naveen G.\nKumar, Berhanu Dagnaw Bekele and P. Bhavani",authors:[{id:"157332",title:"Dr.",name:"Halagappa",middleName:null,surname:"Shashidhar",fullName:"Halagappa Shashidhar",slug:"halagappa-shashidhar"}]},{id:"44529",title:"Breeding to Improve Symbiotic Effectiveness of Legumes",slug:"breeding-to-improve-symbiotic-effectiveness-of-legumes",signatures:"Vladimir A. Zhukov, Oksana Y. Shtark, Alexey Y. Borisov and Igor A.\nTikhonovich",authors:[{id:"73360",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexey",middleName:"Y.",surname:"Borisov",fullName:"Alexey Borisov",slug:"alexey-borisov"},{id:"81134",title:"Dr.",name:"Vladimir",middleName:null,surname:"Zhukov",fullName:"Vladimir Zhukov",slug:"vladimir-zhukov"},{id:"81139",title:"Dr.",name:"Oksana",middleName:"Yurievna",surname:"Shtark",fullName:"Oksana Shtark",slug:"oksana-shtark"},{id:"81142",title:"Prof.",name:"Igor",middleName:null,surname:"Tikhonovich",fullName:"Igor Tikhonovich",slug:"igor-tikhonovich"}]},{id:"44504",title:"Opium Poppy: Genetic Upgradation Through Intervention of Plant Breeding Techniques",slug:"opium-poppy-genetic-upgradation-through-intervention-of-plant-breeding-techniques",signatures:"Brij Kishore Mishra, Anu Rastogi, Ameena Siddiqui, Mrinalini\nSrivastava, Nidhi Verma, Rawli Pandey, Naresh Chandra Sharma and\nSudhir Shukla",authors:[{id:"156649",title:"Dr.",name:"Sudhir",middleName:null,surname:"Shukla",fullName:"Sudhir Shukla",slug:"sudhir-shukla"}]},{id:"44016",title:"Castor Breeding",slug:"castor-breeding",signatures:"Máira Milani and Márcia Barreto de Medeiros Nóbrega",authors:[{id:"74313",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Maira",middleName:null,surname:"Milani",fullName:"Maira Milani",slug:"maira-milani"},{id:"156611",title:"Dr.",name:"Márcia",middleName:null,surname:"Barreto De Medeiros Nóbrega",fullName:"Márcia Barreto De Medeiros Nóbrega",slug:"marcia-barreto-de-medeiros-nobrega"}]},{id:"41024",title:"Participatory Plant Quality Breeding: An Ancient Art Revisited by Knowledge Sharing. The Portuguese Experience",slug:"participatory-plant-quality-breeding-an-ancient-art-revisited-by-knowledge-sharing-the-portuguese-ex",signatures:"Maria Carlota Vaz Patto, Pedro Manuel Mendes-Moreira, Mara Lisa\nAlves, Elsa Mecha, Carla Brites, Maria do Rosário Bronze and Silas\nPego",authors:[{id:"70071",title:"Prof.",name:"Maria",middleName:null,surname:"Bronze",fullName:"Maria Bronze",slug:"maria-bronze"},{id:"160017",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria Carlota",middleName:null,surname:"Vaz Patto",fullName:"Maria Carlota Vaz Patto",slug:"maria-carlota-vaz-patto"},{id:"160020",title:"MSc.",name:"Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"Mendes-Moreira",fullName:"Pedro Mendes-Moreira",slug:"pedro-mendes-moreira"},{id:"160021",title:"Dr.",name:"Carla",middleName:null,surname:"Brites",fullName:"Carla Brites",slug:"carla-brites"},{id:"160022",title:"Dr.",name:"Silas",middleName:null,surname:"Pego",fullName:"Silas Pego",slug:"silas-pego"},{id:"166078",title:"MSc.",name:"Mara Lisa",middleName:null,surname:"Alves",fullName:"Mara Lisa Alves",slug:"mara-lisa-alves"},{id:"166079",title:"MSc.",name:"Elsa",middleName:null,surname:"Mecha",fullName:"Elsa Mecha",slug:"elsa-mecha"}]}]}]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"71573",title:"Data Mining for Student Performance Prediction in Education",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.91449",slug:"data-mining-for-student-performance-prediction-in-education",body:'Recently, online systems in education have increased, and student digital data has come to big data size. This makes possible to draw rules and predictions about the students by processing educational data with data mining techniques. All kinds of information about the student’s socioeconomic environment, learning environment, or course notes can be used for prediction, which affect the success or failure of a student.
In this study, the successes of the students at the end of the semester are estimated by using the student data obtained from secondary education of two Portuguese schools. The aim of this study is to predict the students’ final grades to support the educators to take precautions for the children at risk. A number of data preprocessing processes were applied to increase the accuracy rate of the prediction model. A wrapper method for feature subset selection was applied to find the optimal subset of features. After that, three popular data mining algorithms (decision tree, random forest, and naive Bayes) were used and compared in terms of classification accuracy rate. In addition, this study also investigates the effects of two different grade categorizations on data mining: five-level grade categorization and binary grade categorization.
The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, the previous studies in this field are mentioned. In Section 3, the methods used in this study are briefly explained to provide a comprehensive understanding of the research concepts. In Section 4, experimental studies are presented with dataset description, data preprocessing, and experimental result subtitles. Finally, conclusion and the direction for future research are given in Section 5.
Predicting students’ academic performance is one of the main topics of educational data mining [1, 2]. With the advancement of technology, technological investments in the field of education have increased. Along with technological developments, e-Learning platforms such as web-based online learning and multimedia technologies have evolved, and both learning costs have decreased, and time and space limitations have been eliminated [3]. The increase of online course trainings and the increase of online transactions and interactive transactions in schools led to the increase of digital data in this field. Costa (2017) emphasized the data about the failure rate of the students; the educators were concerned and raised important questions about the failure prediction [4].
Estimating students’ performances becomes more difficult because of the large volume of data in training databases [5]. Descriptive statistical analysis can be effectively used to provide the basic descriptive information of a given set of data [6]. However, this alone is not always enough. To inform the instructors and students early, students may be able to identify early, using estimated modeling methods [7]. It is useful to classify university students according to their potential academic performance in order to increase success rates and to manage the resources well [8]. The large growth of electronic data from universities leads to an increase in the need to obtain meaningful information from these large amounts of data [9]. By using data mining techniques on education data, it is possible to improve the quality of education processes [10].
Until now, data mining algorithms have been applied on various different educational fields such as engineering education [11], physical education [12], and English language education [13]. Some studies have focused on high school students [14], while some of them have interested in higher education [15]. Whereas some data mining studies have focused on the prediction of student performance [16], some studies have investigated the instructor performance [17].
The increase in digitalization caused us to have plenty of data in every field. Having too much data is getting worth if we know how to use it. Data mining aims to access knowledge from data using various machine learning techniques. With data mining, it becomes possible to establish the relationships between the data and make accurate predictions for the future. One of the application areas of data mining is education. Data mining in education is the field that allows us to make predictions about the future by examining the data obtained so far in the field of education by using machine learning techniques. There are basically three data mining methods: classification, clustering, and association rule mining. In this study, we focus on the classification task.
The methods to be used in data mining may differ depending on the field of study and the nature of the data we have. In this study, three well-known classification algorithms (decision tree, random forest, and naive Bayes) were employed on the educational datasets to predict the final grades of students.
Naive Bayes classifiers are a family of algorithms. These classifiers are based on Bayes’ Theorem, which finds the possibility of a new event based on previously occurring events. Each classification is independent of one another but has a common principle.
A decision tree uses a tree like graph. Decision trees are like flowchart but not noncyclic. The tree consists of nodes and branches. Nodes and branches are arranged in a row. Root node is on the top of a tree and represents the entire dataset. Entropy is calculated when determining nodes in a tree. It models decisions with efficacy, results, and resource costs. In this study, decision tree technique is preferred because it is easy to understand and interpret.
Random forest is an ensemble learning algorithm. It is a supervised classification method. It consists of randomly generated many decision trees. The established forest is formed by the decision trees community trained by the bagging method, which is one of the ensemble methods. Random forest creates multiple decision trees and combines them to achieve a more accuracy rates and stable prediction.
Figure 1 illustrates the workflow of data mining model for classification. In the first step, feature selection algorithms are applied on the educational data. Next, classification algorithms are used to build a good model which can accurately map inputs to desired outputs. The model evaluation phase provides feedback to the feature selection and learning phases for adjustment to improve classification performance. Once a model is built, then, in the second phase, it is used to predict label of new student data.
Flowchart of the data mining model.
In this study, the feature subset selection and classification operations were conducted by using WEKA open-source data mining software [18]. In each experiment, 10-fold cross-validation was performed to evaluate the classification models. The classification accuracy of the algorithm for the test dataset was measured as given in Eq. 1:
where T is a test set that consists of a set of data items to be classified; c is the actual class of the item t, where t є T; and classify(t) returns the classification output of t by the algorithm.
In this study, two publically available datasets [19] were used to predict student performances. Both datasets were collected from secondary education of two Portuguese schools. Dataset attributes are about student grades and social, demographic, and school-related features. All data were obtained from school reports and questionnaires. The first dataset has information regarding the performances of students in Mathematics lesson, and the other one has student data taken from Portuguese language lesson. Both datasets have 33 attributes as shown in Table 1.
Feature | Description | Type | Values |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | The gender of the student | Binary | Female or male |
Age | The age of the student | Numeric | From 15 to 22 |
School | The school of the student | Binary | GP (Gabriel Pereira) or MS (Mousinho da Silveira) |
Address | Home address type of student | Binary | Urban or rural |
Pstatus | Cohabitation status of student’s parent | Binary | Living together or apart |
Medu | Education of student’s mother | Numeric | From 0 to 4 |
Mjob | Job of student’s mother | Nominal | Teacher, health, services, at home, others |
Fedu | Education of student’s father | Numeric | From 0 to 4 |
Fjob | Job of student’s father | Nominal | Teacher, health, services, at home, others |
Guardian | Guardian of student | Nominal | Mother, father, or otherd |
Famsize | Size of family | Binary | “LE3” (less or equal to 3) or “GT3” (greater than 3) |
Famrel | Quality of family relationships | Numeric | From 1 very bad to 5 excellent |
Reason | Reason of choosing this school | Nominal | Close to home, school reputation, course preference, or others |
Travel time | Travel time of home to school | Numeric | 1–<15 min., 2–15 to 30 min., 3–30 min. to 1 hour, or 4–>1 hour |
Study time | Study time of a week | Numeric | –< 2 hours, 2–2 to 5 hours, 3–5 to 10 hours or 4− > 10 hours |
Failures | Number of past class failures | Numeric | n if 1 < =n < 3, else 4 |
Schoolsup | Extra educational school support | Binary | Yes or no |
Famsup | Family educational support | Binary | Yes or no |
Activities | Extracurricular activities | Binary | Yes or no |
Paid class | Extra paid classes | Binary | Yes or no |
Internet | Internet access at home | Binary | Yes or no |
Nursery | Attended nursery school | Binary | Yes or no |
Higher | Wants to take higher education | Binary | Yes or no |
Romantic | With a romantic relationship | Binary | Yes or no |
Free time | Free time after school | Numeric | From 1 (very low) to 5 (very high) |
Go out | Going out with friends | Numeric | From 1 (very low) to 5 (very high) |
Walc | Alcohol consumption of weekend | Numeric | From 1 (very low) to 5 (very high) |
Dalc | Alcohol consumption of workday | Numeric | From 1 (very low) to 5 (very high) |
Health | Status of current health | Numeric | From 1 (very low) to 5 (very high) |
Absences | Number of school absences | Numeric | From 0 to 93 |
G1 | Grade of first period | Numeric | From 0 to 20 |
G2 | Grade of second period | Numeric | From 0 to 20 |
G3 | Grade of final period | Numeric | From 0 to 20 |
The main characteristics of the dataset.
In the raw dataset, the final grade is in the range of 0–20 as with many European countries, where 0 is the worst grade and 20 is the best score. Since the final grade of the students is in the form of integer, the predicted class should be in the form of categorical values, the data needed to be transformed to categories according to a grading policy. In the study, we used and compared two different grading systems: five-level grading and binary grading systems.
We first categorized the final grade in five groups. These ranges are defined based on the Erasmus system. As shown in Table 2, the range 0–9 refers to grade F, which is the worst grade and corresponds to “fail” label. The others (10–11, 12–13, 14–15, and 16–20) correspond to D (sufficient), C (satisfactory), B (good), and A (excellent/very good) class labels, respectively.
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Excellent/very good | Good | Satisfactory | Sufficient | Fail |
16–20 | 14–15 | 12–13 | 10–11 | 0–9 |
A | B | C | D | F |
Five-level grading categories.
To compare the results, we also categorized the final grade as “passed” and “fail.” As shown in Table 3, the range of 0–9 corresponds to F, and it means “fail”; the range of 10–20 refers to A, B, C, and D, and it means “pass.”
Pass | Fail |
---|---|
10–20 | 0–9 |
A, B, C, D | F |
Binary fail/pass category.
As a preprocessing operation, the final grade attribute was categorized according to two different grading systems, before classification. As a result, we have created two versions of both datasets. Both math and Portuguese datasets were available in both five-level and binary grading versions. Hence, we have the chance to compare the results of these versions.
In the first experiment, three algorithms [decision tree (J48), random forest, and naive Bayes] were compared on the five-level grading version and binary version of the Portuguese dataset. As shown in Table 4, the best performance for the five-level grading version for this dataset was obtained with an accuracy rate of 73.50% with the random forest algorithm. However, this accuracy rate was increased with binary grading version of this dataset. In the dataset, where the final grade is categorized in binary form (passing or failing), the accuracy rate was increased to 93.07%.
Algorithm | Five-level grading | Binary grading (P/F) |
---|---|---|
Decision tree (J48) | 67.80% | 91.37% |
Random forest | 73.50% | 93.07% |
Naive Bayes | 68.26% | 88.44% |
Classification accuracy rates for the Portuguese lesson dataset.
(accuracy values, bold – best model).
The performances of three classification algorithms on mathematics datasets (five-level and binary label dataset versions) are shown in Table 5. The best results for five-level grading version were obtained with the decision tree (J48) algorithm with an accuracy rate of 73.42%. The best accuracy rate 91.39% for binary dataset version was obtained with the random forest ensemble method.
Mathematics | Five-level grading | Binary grading (P/F) |
---|---|---|
Decision tree (J48) | 73.42% | 89.11% |
Random forest | 71.14% | 91.39% |
Naive Bayes | 70.38% | 86.33% |
Classification accuracy rates for the mathematics lesson dataset.
(accuracy values, bold – best model).
As a second experiment, we made all comparisons after dataset preprocessing, in other terms, after feature subset selection. Hence, the most appropriate attributes were selected by using wrapper subset method to increase the accuracy rates.
One of the important steps to create a good model is attribute selection. This operation can be done in two ways: first, select relevant attributes, and second, remove redundant or irrelevant attributes. Attribute selection is made to create a simple model, to create a model that is easier to interpret, and to find out which features are more important for the results. Attribute selection can be done using filters and wrapper methods. In this study, we use the wrapper method, because it generally produces better results. This method has a recursive structure. The process starts with selecting a subset and induces the algorithm on that subset. Then evaluation is made according to the success of the model. There are two options in this assessment. The first option returns to the top to select a new subset, the second option uses the currently selected subset.
In Table 6, the accuracy rates were compared before and after the attribute selection process for the Portuguese dataset for five-level grade version. Thanks to the wrapper subset method, the accuracy rate of the J48 algorithm has increased from 67.80 to 74.88% with the selected attributes. This accuracy rate increased from 68.26 to 72.57% for naive Bayes algorithm. For the random forest method where we get the best accuracy results, the accuracy rate has increased from 73.50 to 77.20%.
Feature selection | Wrapper subset (J48) | Wrapper subset (naive Bayes) | Wrapper subset (random forest) |
---|---|---|---|
Before | 67.80% | 68.26% | 73.50% |
After | 74.88% | 72.57% | 77.20% |
Selected features | Search backward: age, famsize, Mjob, schoolsup, paid, internet, go out, health, G1, G2 | Search backward: travel time, romantic, free time, health, G1, G2 | School, Travel time, G2 |
Before and after feature selection with five-level grading system.
The obtained classification accuracy rates for the Portuguese lesson dataset with five-level grading system.
(accuracy values, bold – best model).
In Table 7, the accuracy rates were compared before and after the attribute selection process for the mathematics dataset for five-level grading version. In this dataset, attribute selection significantly increased our accuracy. Here, unlike Portuguese language dataset, the best jump was obtained with J48 algorithm and search forward technique in wrapper method. In this way, the accuracy rate increased from 73.42 to 79.49%. A close result was obtained with the search backward technique and accuracy increased from 73.42 to 78.23%. Through this way, naive Bayes and random forest methods also increased significantly. This method increased the accuracy rate of naive Bayes method from 70.38 to 74.18%. Random forest result is increased from 71.14 to 78.99%. These results show that attribute selection with this wrapper subset method also works in this dataset.
Feature selection | Wrapper subset (J48) | Wrapper subset (J48) | Wrapper subset (naive Bayes) | Wrapper subset (random forest) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Before | 73.42% | 73.42% | 70.38% | 71.14% |
After | 78.23% | 79.49% | 74.18% | 78.99% |
Selectedfeatures | Search backward: age, pstatus, Medu, Fedu, Fjob, failures, schoolsup, paid, activities, famrel, Dalc, Walc, G2 | Search forward: sex, Mjob, Walc, G2 | Famsize, Medu, Fjob, activities, higher, romantic, free time, G2 | Famsize, Fedu, schoolsup, paid, activities, higher, romantic, Walc, absences, G1, G2 |
Before and after feature selection with binary grading system.
The obtained classification accuracy rates for the mathematics lesson dataset with five-level grading system.
(accuracy values, bold – best model).
In Table 8, the results of the wrapper attribute selection method before and after the application to the Portuguese binary version are compared. There was no significant increase in accuracy. The best results were obtained with random forest. The best jump was experienced by the naive Bayes method but did not reach the random forest value. Naive Bayes result has risen from 88.44 to 89.68%. Random forest maintained the high accuracy achieved before the attribute selection and increased from 93.07 to 93.22%.
Feature selection | Wrapper subset (J48) | Wrapper subset (naive Bayes) | Wrapper subset (random forest) |
---|---|---|---|
Before | 91.37% | 88.44% | 93.07% |
After | 91.99% | 89.68% | 93.22% |
Selected Features | School, age, address, Medu, Fjob, travel time, study time, schoolsup, nursery, higher, famrel, free time, G1, G2 | Sex, age, Pstatus, Fedu, Mjob, Fjob, reason, failures, famsup, paid, higher, Internet, romantic, go out, health, absences, G1, G2 | School, sex, age, address, famsize, Pstatus, Medu, Mjob, Fjob, reason, guardian, travel time, study time, failures, schoolsup, famsup, paid, activities, higher, Internet, romantic, famrel, free time, go out, Dalc, Walc, health, absences, G1, G2 |
Before and after feature selection.
The obtained classification accuracy rates for the Portuguese lesson dataset with binary grading system.
(accuracy values, bold – best model).
After successful results in five-level grade versions, we tried the same attribute selection method in binary label version dataset. Table 9 shows the accuracy values before and after the wrapper attribute selection for the mathematical binary dataset version. Because the accuracy of the binary version is already high, the jump is less than the five-level grades. But again, there is a nice increase in accuracy. The accuracy rate of the J48 algorithm was increased from 89.11 to 90.89%, while the naive Bayes result was increased from 86.33 to 89.11%. As with the mathematics five-level grade dataset, the best results were obtained with random forest in binary label dataset. Accuracy rate increased from 91.39 to 93.67%.
Feature selection | Wrapper subset (J48) | Wrapper subset (naive Bayes) | Wrapper subset (random forest) |
---|---|---|---|
Before | 89.11% | 86.33% | 91.39% |
After | 90.89% | 89.11% | 93.67% |
Selected features | School, age, address, Medu, Fedu, guardian, failures, schoolsup, famsup, Internet, romantic, famrel, free time, G1, G2 | Sex, age, Pstatus, Fedu, Mjob, Fjob, reason, failures, famsup, paid, higher, Internet, romantic, go out, health, absences, G1, G2 | Address, famsize, Fedu, Mjob, Fjob, reason, guardian, study time, schoolsup, higher, famrel, go out, absences, G2 |
Before and after feature selection.
The obtained classification accuracy rates for the mathematics lesson dataset with binary grading system.
(accuracy values, bold – best model).
As a result, it can be possible to say that accuracy rates have changed positively in all trials using wrapper subset attribute selection method.
This paper proposes the application of data mining techniques to predict the final grades of students based on their historical data. Three well-known classification techniques (decision tree, random forest, and naive Bayes) were compared in terms of accuracy rates. Wrapper feature subset selection method was used to improve the classification performance. Preprocessing operations on the dataset, categorizing the final grade field into five and two groups, increased the percentage of accurate estimates in the classification. The wrapper attribute selection method in all algorithms has led to a noticeable increase in accuracy rate. Overall, better accuracy rates were achieved with the binary class method for both mathematics and Portuguese dataset.
In the future, different feature selection methods can be used. In addition, different classification algorithms can also be utilized on the datasets.
.
",metaTitle:"Order Print Copies - Terms",metaDescription:".",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"page/order-print-copies-terms/",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"Orders have to be prepaid in advance and before printing. We accept payment in GBP, EUR and USD. Payments can be made by bank transfer or cheque, by credit card (Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Discover Card) and PayPal worldwide online payments system. In accordance with the best security practice, we do not accept card orders via email.
\\n\\nThe combined printing and delivery times for orders vary from 12-20 business days, depending on the printed quantity and destination. This period does not include any customs clearance difficulties that may arise and that are beyond our control. Once your order has been printed and shipped, you will receive a confirmation email that includes your DHL tracking number. You can then track your order at www.dhl.com.
\\n\\nMy order has not arrived, what do I do?
\\n\\nIf you do not receive your order within 30 days, please contact us to inquire about the shipping status at orders@intechopen.com.
\\n\\nPOD products are non-returnable and non-refundable, except in the event of poor print quality or an error in quantity. If we delivered the item to you in error or the item is faulty, please contact us. Inspect your order carefully when it arrives. Any problems should be immediately reported to orders@intechopen.com.
\\n\\nTaxes: Residents of European Union countries need to add a Book Value-Added Tax of 5%. Institutions and companies, registered as VAT taxable entities in their own EU member state, will not pay VAT by providing us their VAT registration number. This is made possible by the EU reverse charge method.
\\n\\nCustoms: Shipping costs do not include any duties, taxes or clearing charges levied by the destination country. These charges are the responsibility of the customer and will vary from country to country.
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'Orders have to be prepaid in advance and before printing. We accept payment in GBP, EUR and USD. Payments can be made by bank transfer or cheque, by credit card (Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Discover Card) and PayPal worldwide online payments system. In accordance with the best security practice, we do not accept card orders via email.
\n\nThe combined printing and delivery times for orders vary from 12-20 business days, depending on the printed quantity and destination. This period does not include any customs clearance difficulties that may arise and that are beyond our control. Once your order has been printed and shipped, you will receive a confirmation email that includes your DHL tracking number. You can then track your order at www.dhl.com.
\n\nMy order has not arrived, what do I do?
\n\nIf you do not receive your order within 30 days, please contact us to inquire about the shipping status at orders@intechopen.com.
\n\nPOD products are non-returnable and non-refundable, except in the event of poor print quality or an error in quantity. If we delivered the item to you in error or the item is faulty, please contact us. Inspect your order carefully when it arrives. Any problems should be immediately reported to orders@intechopen.com.
\n\nTaxes: Residents of European Union countries need to add a Book Value-Added Tax of 5%. Institutions and companies, registered as VAT taxable entities in their own EU member state, will not pay VAT by providing us their VAT registration number. This is made possible by the EU reverse charge method.
\n\nCustoms: Shipping costs do not include any duties, taxes or clearing charges levied by the destination country. These charges are the responsibility of the customer and will vary from country to country.
\n'}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{sort:"featured,name"},profiles:[{id:"6700",title:"Dr.",name:"Abbass A.",middleName:null,surname:"Hashim",slug:"abbass-a.-hashim",fullName:"Abbass A. Hashim",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/6700/images/1864_n.jpg",biography:"Currently I am carrying out research in several areas of interest, mainly covering work on chemical and bio-sensors, semiconductor thin film device fabrication and characterisation.\nAt the moment I have very strong interest in radiation environmental pollution and bacteriology treatment. The teams of researchers are working very hard to bring novel results in this field. I am also a member of the team in charge for the supervision of Ph.D. students in the fields of development of silicon based planar waveguide sensor devices, study of inelastic electron tunnelling in planar tunnelling nanostructures for sensing applications and development of organotellurium(IV) compounds for semiconductor applications. I am a specialist in data analysis techniques and nanosurface structure. I have served as the editor for many books, been a member of the editorial board in science journals, have published many papers and hold many patents.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sheffield Hallam University",country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},{id:"54525",title:"Prof.",name:"Abdul Latif",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"abdul-latif-ahmad",fullName:"Abdul Latif Ahmad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"20567",title:"Prof.",name:"Ado",middleName:null,surname:"Jorio",slug:"ado-jorio",fullName:"Ado Jorio",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"47940",title:"Dr.",name:"Alberto",middleName:null,surname:"Mantovani",slug:"alberto-mantovani",fullName:"Alberto Mantovani",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"12392",title:"Mr.",name:"Alex",middleName:null,surname:"Lazinica",slug:"alex-lazinica",fullName:"Alex Lazinica",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/12392/images/7282_n.png",biography:"Alex Lazinica is the founder and CEO of IntechOpen. After obtaining a Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering, he continued his PhD studies in Robotics at the Vienna University of Technology. Here he worked as a robotic researcher with the university's Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Group as well as a guest researcher at various European universities, including the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL). During this time he published more than 20 scientific papers, gave presentations, served as a reviewer for major robotic journals and conferences and most importantly he co-founded and built the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems- world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics. Starting this journal was a pivotal point in his career, since it was a pathway to founding IntechOpen - Open Access publisher focused on addressing academic researchers needs. Alex is a personification of IntechOpen key values being trusted, open and entrepreneurial. Today his focus is on defining the growth and development strategy for the company.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",middleName:null,surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/19816/images/1607_n.jpg",biography:"Alexander I. Kokorin: born: 1947, Moscow; DSc., PhD; Principal Research Fellow (Research Professor) of Department of Kinetics and Catalysis, N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.\r\nArea of research interests: physical chemistry of complex-organized molecular and nanosized systems, including polymer-metal complexes; the surface of doped oxide semiconductors. He is an expert in structural, absorptive, catalytic and photocatalytic properties, in structural organization and dynamic features of ionic liquids, in magnetic interactions between paramagnetic centers. The author or co-author of 3 books, over 200 articles and reviews in scientific journals and books. He is an actual member of the International EPR/ESR Society, European Society on Quantum Solar Energy Conversion, Moscow House of Scientists, of the Board of Moscow Physical Society.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics",country:{name:"Russia"}}},{id:"62389",title:"PhD.",name:"Ali Demir",middleName:null,surname:"Sezer",slug:"ali-demir-sezer",fullName:"Ali Demir Sezer",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/62389/images/3413_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Ali Demir Sezer has a Ph.D. from Pharmaceutical Biotechnology at the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Marmara (Turkey). He is the member of many Pharmaceutical Associations and acts as a reviewer of scientific journals and European projects under different research areas such as: drug delivery systems, nanotechnology and pharmaceutical biotechnology. Dr. Sezer is the author of many scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals and poster communications. Focus of his research activity is drug delivery, physico-chemical characterization and biological evaluation of biopolymers micro and nanoparticles as modified drug delivery system, and colloidal drug carriers (liposomes, nanoparticles etc.).",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Marmara University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"61051",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"100762",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"St David's Medical Center",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"107416",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"64434",title:"Dr.",name:"Angkoon",middleName:null,surname:"Phinyomark",slug:"angkoon-phinyomark",fullName:"Angkoon Phinyomark",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/64434/images/2619_n.jpg",biography:"My name is Angkoon Phinyomark. I received a B.Eng. degree in Computer Engineering with First Class Honors in 2008 from Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, where I received a Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering. My research interests are primarily in the area of biomedical signal processing and classification notably EMG (electromyography signal), EOG (electrooculography signal), and EEG (electroencephalography signal), image analysis notably breast cancer analysis and optical coherence tomography, and rehabilitation engineering. I became a student member of IEEE in 2008. During October 2011-March 2012, I had worked at School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom. In addition, during a B.Eng. I had been a visiting research student at Faculty of Computer Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain for three months.\n\nI have published over 40 papers during 5 years in refereed journals, books, and conference proceedings in the areas of electro-physiological signals processing and classification, notably EMG and EOG signals, fractal analysis, wavelet analysis, texture analysis, feature extraction and machine learning algorithms, and assistive and rehabilitative devices. I have several computer programming language certificates, i.e. Sun Certified Programmer for the Java 2 Platform 1.4 (SCJP), Microsoft Certified Professional Developer, Web Developer (MCPD), Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist, .NET Framework 2.0 Web (MCTS). I am a Reviewer for several refereed journals and international conferences, such as IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Optic Letters, Measurement Science Review, and also a member of the International Advisory Committee for 2012 IEEE Business Engineering and Industrial Applications and 2012 IEEE Symposium on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Joseph Fourier University",country:{name:"France"}}},{id:"55578",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Jurado-Navas",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",fullName:"Antonio Jurado-Navas",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/55578/images/4574_n.png",biography:"Antonio Jurado-Navas received the M.S. degree (2002) and the Ph.D. degree (2009) in Telecommunication Engineering, both from the University of Málaga (Spain). He first worked as a consultant at Vodafone-Spain. From 2004 to 2011, he was a Research Assistant with the Communications Engineering Department at the University of Málaga. In 2011, he became an Assistant Professor in the same department. From 2012 to 2015, he was with Ericsson Spain, where he was working on geo-location\ntools for third generation mobile networks. Since 2015, he is a Marie-Curie fellow at the Denmark Technical University. His current research interests include the areas of mobile communication systems and channel modeling in addition to atmospheric optical communications, adaptive optics and statistics",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Malaga",country:{name:"Spain"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:5775},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:5238},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:1721},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:10409},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:897},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:15805}],offset:12,limit:12,total:118374},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{sort:"dateendthirdsteppublish"},books:[],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:18},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:5},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:5},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:19},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:5},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:24},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Technology",value:24,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:1}],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"9521",title:"Antimicrobial Resistance",subtitle:"A One Health Perspective",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"30949e78832e1afba5606634b52056ab",slug:"antimicrobial-resistance-a-one-health-perspective",bookSignature:"Mihai Mareș, Swee Hua Erin Lim, Kok-Song Lai and Romeo-Teodor Cristina",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9521.jpg",editors:[{id:"88785",title:"Prof.",name:"Mihai",middleName:null,surname:"Mares",slug:"mihai-mares",fullName:"Mihai Mares"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"190224",title:"Dr.",name:"Swee Hua Erin",middleName:null,surname:"Lim",slug:"swee-hua-erin-lim",fullName:"Swee Hua Erin Lim",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/190224/images/system/190224.png",biography:"Dr. Erin Lim is presently working as an Assistant Professor in the Division of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi Women\\'s College, Higher Colleges of Technology in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates and is affiliated as an Associate Professor to Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Selangor, Malaysia. She obtained her Ph.D. from Universiti Putra Malaysia in 2010 with a National Science Fellowship awarded from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Malaysia and has been actively involved in research ever since. Her main research interests include analysis of carriage and transmission of multidrug resistant bacteria in non-conventional settings, besides an interest in natural products for antimicrobial testing. She is heavily involved in the elucidation of mechanisms of reversal of resistance in bacteria in addition to investigating the immunological analyses of diseases, development of vaccination and treatment models in animals. She hopes her work will support the discovery of therapeutics in the clinical setting and assist in the combat against the burden of antibiotic resistance.",institutionString:"Abu Dhabi Women’s College",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Perdana University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},equalEditorTwo:{id:"221544",title:"Dr.",name:"Kok-Song",middleName:null,surname:"Lai",slug:"kok-song-lai",fullName:"Kok-Song Lai",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/221544/images/system/221544.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Lai Kok Song is an Assistant Professor in the Division of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi Women\\'s College, Higher Colleges of Technology in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. He obtained his Ph.D. in Biological Sciences from Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan in 2012. Prior to his academic appointment, Dr. Lai worked as a Senior Scientist at the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Malaysia. His current research areas include antimicrobial resistance and plant-pathogen interaction. His particular interest lies in the study of the antimicrobial mechanism via membrane disruption of essential oils against multi-drug resistance bacteria through various biochemical, molecular and proteomic approaches. Ultimately, he hopes to uncover and determine novel biomarkers related to antibiotic resistance that can be developed into new therapeutic strategies.",institutionString:"Higher Colleges of Technology",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"8",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Higher Colleges of Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Arab Emirates"}}},equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10020",title:"Operations Management",subtitle:"Emerging Trend in the Digital Era",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"526f0dbdc7e4d85b82ce8383ab894b4c",slug:"operations-management-emerging-trend-in-the-digital-era",bookSignature:"Antonella Petrillo, Fabio De Felice, Germano Lambert-Torres and Erik Bonaldi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10020.jpg",editors:[{id:"181603",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonella",middleName:null,surname:"Petrillo",slug:"antonella-petrillo",fullName:"Antonella Petrillo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9560",title:"Creativity",subtitle:"A Force to Innovation",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"58f740bc17807d5d88d647c525857b11",slug:"creativity-a-force-to-innovation",bookSignature:"Pooja Jain",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9560.jpg",editors:[{id:"316765",title:"Dr.",name:"Pooja",middleName:null,surname:"Jain",slug:"pooja-jain",fullName:"Pooja Jain"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10192",title:"Background and Management of Muscular Atrophy",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"eca24028d89912b5efea56e179dff089",slug:"background-and-management-of-muscular-atrophy",bookSignature:"Julianna Cseri",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10192.jpg",editors:[{id:"135579",title:"Dr.",name:"Julianna",middleName:null,surname:"Cseri",slug:"julianna-cseri",fullName:"Julianna Cseri"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9243",title:"Coastal Environments",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8e05e5f631e935eef366980f2e28295d",slug:"coastal-environments",bookSignature:"Yuanzhi Zhang and X. San Liang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9243.jpg",editors:[{id:"77597",title:"Prof.",name:"Yuanzhi",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",slug:"yuanzhi-zhang",fullName:"Yuanzhi Zhang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9385",title:"Renewable Energy",subtitle:"Technologies and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a6b446d19166f17f313008e6c056f3d8",slug:"renewable-energy-technologies-and-applications",bookSignature:"Tolga Taner, Archana Tiwari and Taha Selim Ustun",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9385.jpg",editors:[{id:"197240",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Tolga",middleName:null,surname:"Taner",slug:"tolga-taner",fullName:"Tolga Taner"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"186791",title:"Dr.",name:"Archana",middleName:null,surname:"Tiwari",slug:"archana-tiwari",fullName:"Archana Tiwari",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/186791/images/system/186791.jpg",biography:"Dr. Archana Tiwari is Associate Professor at Amity University, India. Her research interests include renewable sources of energy from microalgae and further utilizing the residual biomass for the generation of value-added products, bioremediation through microalgae and microbial consortium, antioxidative enzymes and stress, and nutraceuticals from microalgae. She has been working on algal biotechnology for the last two decades. She has published her research in many international journals and has authored many books and chapters with renowned publishing houses. She has also delivered talks as an invited speaker at many national and international conferences. Dr. Tiwari is the recipient of several awards including Researcher of the Year and Distinguished Scientist.",institutionString:"Amity University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Amity University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}},equalEditorTwo:{id:"197609",title:"Prof.",name:"Taha Selim",middleName:null,surname:"Ustun",slug:"taha-selim-ustun",fullName:"Taha Selim Ustun",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/197609/images/system/197609.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Taha Selim Ustun received a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. He is a researcher with the Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA), where he leads the Smart Grid Cybersecurity Laboratory. Prior to that, he was a faculty member with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. His current research interests include power systems protection, communication in power networks, distributed generation, microgrids, electric vehicle integration, and cybersecurity in smart grids. He serves on the editorial boards of IEEE Access, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Energies, Electronics, Electricity, World Electric Vehicle and Information journals. Dr. Ustun is a member of the IEEE 2004 and 2800, IEC Renewable Energy Management WG 8, and IEC TC 57 WG17. He has been invited to run specialist courses in Africa, India, and China. He has delivered talks for the Qatar Foundation, the World Energy Council, the Waterloo Global Science Initiative, and the European Union Energy Initiative (EUEI). His research has attracted funding from prestigious programs in Japan, Australia, the European Union, and North America.",institutionString:"Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA)",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8985",title:"Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5c2e219a6c021a40b5a20c041dea88c4",slug:"natural-resources-management-and-biological-sciences",bookSignature:"Edward R. Rhodes and Humood Naser",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8985.jpg",editors:[{id:"280886",title:"Prof.",name:"Edward R",middleName:null,surname:"Rhodes",slug:"edward-r-rhodes",fullName:"Edward R Rhodes"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10065",title:"Wavelet Theory",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d8868e332169597ba2182d9b004d60de",slug:"wavelet-theory",bookSignature:"Somayeh Mohammady",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10065.jpg",editors:[{id:"109280",title:"Dr.",name:"Somayeh",middleName:null,surname:"Mohammady",slug:"somayeh-mohammady",fullName:"Somayeh Mohammady"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9644",title:"Glaciers and the Polar Environment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e8cfdc161794e3753ced54e6ff30873b",slug:"glaciers-and-the-polar-environment",bookSignature:"Masaki Kanao, Danilo Godone and Niccolò Dematteis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9644.jpg",editors:[{id:"51959",title:"Dr.",name:"Masaki",middleName:null,surname:"Kanao",slug:"masaki-kanao",fullName:"Masaki Kanao"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9550",title:"Entrepreneurship",subtitle:"Contemporary Issues",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9b4ac1ee5b743abf6f88495452b1e5e7",slug:"entrepreneurship-contemporary-issues",bookSignature:"Mladen Turuk",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9550.jpg",editors:[{id:"319755",title:"Prof.",name:"Mladen",middleName:null,surname:"Turuk",slug:"mladen-turuk",fullName:"Mladen Turuk"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9027",title:"Human Blood Group Systems and Haemoglobinopathies",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d00d8e40b11cfb2547d1122866531c7e",slug:"human-blood-group-systems-and-haemoglobinopathies",bookSignature:"Osaro Erhabor and Anjana Munshi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9027.jpg",editors:[{id:"35140",title:null,name:"Osaro",middleName:null,surname:"Erhabor",slug:"osaro-erhabor",fullName:"Osaro Erhabor"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8558",title:"Aerodynamics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"db7263fc198dfb539073ba0260a7f1aa",slug:"aerodynamics",bookSignature:"Mofid Gorji-Bandpy and Aly-Mousaad Aly",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8558.jpg",editors:[{id:"35542",title:"Prof.",name:"Mofid",middleName:null,surname:"Gorji-Bandpy",slug:"mofid-gorji-bandpy",fullName:"Mofid Gorji-Bandpy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:5247},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"9521",title:"Antimicrobial Resistance",subtitle:"A One Health Perspective",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"30949e78832e1afba5606634b52056ab",slug:"antimicrobial-resistance-a-one-health-perspective",bookSignature:"Mihai Mareș, Swee Hua Erin Lim, Kok-Song Lai and Romeo-Teodor Cristina",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9521.jpg",editors:[{id:"88785",title:"Prof.",name:"Mihai",middleName:null,surname:"Mares",slug:"mihai-mares",fullName:"Mihai Mares"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"190224",title:"Dr.",name:"Swee Hua Erin",middleName:null,surname:"Lim",slug:"swee-hua-erin-lim",fullName:"Swee Hua Erin Lim",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/190224/images/system/190224.png",biography:"Dr. Erin Lim is presently working as an Assistant Professor in the Division of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi Women\\'s College, Higher Colleges of Technology in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates and is affiliated as an Associate Professor to Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Selangor, Malaysia. She obtained her Ph.D. from Universiti Putra Malaysia in 2010 with a National Science Fellowship awarded from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Malaysia and has been actively involved in research ever since. Her main research interests include analysis of carriage and transmission of multidrug resistant bacteria in non-conventional settings, besides an interest in natural products for antimicrobial testing. She is heavily involved in the elucidation of mechanisms of reversal of resistance in bacteria in addition to investigating the immunological analyses of diseases, development of vaccination and treatment models in animals. She hopes her work will support the discovery of therapeutics in the clinical setting and assist in the combat against the burden of antibiotic resistance.",institutionString:"Abu Dhabi Women’s College",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Perdana University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},equalEditorTwo:{id:"221544",title:"Dr.",name:"Kok-Song",middleName:null,surname:"Lai",slug:"kok-song-lai",fullName:"Kok-Song Lai",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/221544/images/system/221544.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Lai Kok Song is an Assistant Professor in the Division of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi Women\\'s College, Higher Colleges of Technology in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. He obtained his Ph.D. in Biological Sciences from Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan in 2012. Prior to his academic appointment, Dr. Lai worked as a Senior Scientist at the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Malaysia. His current research areas include antimicrobial resistance and plant-pathogen interaction. His particular interest lies in the study of the antimicrobial mechanism via membrane disruption of essential oils against multi-drug resistance bacteria through various biochemical, molecular and proteomic approaches. Ultimately, he hopes to uncover and determine novel biomarkers related to antibiotic resistance that can be developed into new therapeutic strategies.",institutionString:"Higher Colleges of Technology",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"8",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Higher Colleges of Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Arab Emirates"}}},equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10020",title:"Operations Management",subtitle:"Emerging Trend in the Digital Era",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"526f0dbdc7e4d85b82ce8383ab894b4c",slug:"operations-management-emerging-trend-in-the-digital-era",bookSignature:"Antonella Petrillo, Fabio De Felice, Germano Lambert-Torres and Erik Bonaldi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10020.jpg",editors:[{id:"181603",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonella",middleName:null,surname:"Petrillo",slug:"antonella-petrillo",fullName:"Antonella Petrillo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9560",title:"Creativity",subtitle:"A Force to Innovation",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"58f740bc17807d5d88d647c525857b11",slug:"creativity-a-force-to-innovation",bookSignature:"Pooja Jain",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9560.jpg",editors:[{id:"316765",title:"Dr.",name:"Pooja",middleName:null,surname:"Jain",slug:"pooja-jain",fullName:"Pooja Jain"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10192",title:"Background and Management of Muscular Atrophy",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"eca24028d89912b5efea56e179dff089",slug:"background-and-management-of-muscular-atrophy",bookSignature:"Julianna Cseri",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10192.jpg",editors:[{id:"135579",title:"Dr.",name:"Julianna",middleName:null,surname:"Cseri",slug:"julianna-cseri",fullName:"Julianna Cseri"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9243",title:"Coastal Environments",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8e05e5f631e935eef366980f2e28295d",slug:"coastal-environments",bookSignature:"Yuanzhi Zhang and X. San Liang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9243.jpg",editors:[{id:"77597",title:"Prof.",name:"Yuanzhi",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",slug:"yuanzhi-zhang",fullName:"Yuanzhi Zhang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9385",title:"Renewable Energy",subtitle:"Technologies and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a6b446d19166f17f313008e6c056f3d8",slug:"renewable-energy-technologies-and-applications",bookSignature:"Tolga Taner, Archana Tiwari and Taha Selim Ustun",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9385.jpg",editors:[{id:"197240",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Tolga",middleName:null,surname:"Taner",slug:"tolga-taner",fullName:"Tolga Taner"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"186791",title:"Dr.",name:"Archana",middleName:null,surname:"Tiwari",slug:"archana-tiwari",fullName:"Archana Tiwari",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/186791/images/system/186791.jpg",biography:"Dr. Archana Tiwari is Associate Professor at Amity University, India. Her research interests include renewable sources of energy from microalgae and further utilizing the residual biomass for the generation of value-added products, bioremediation through microalgae and microbial consortium, antioxidative enzymes and stress, and nutraceuticals from microalgae. She has been working on algal biotechnology for the last two decades. She has published her research in many international journals and has authored many books and chapters with renowned publishing houses. She has also delivered talks as an invited speaker at many national and international conferences. Dr. Tiwari is the recipient of several awards including Researcher of the Year and Distinguished Scientist.",institutionString:"Amity University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Amity University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}},equalEditorTwo:{id:"197609",title:"Prof.",name:"Taha Selim",middleName:null,surname:"Ustun",slug:"taha-selim-ustun",fullName:"Taha Selim Ustun",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/197609/images/system/197609.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Taha Selim Ustun received a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. He is a researcher with the Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA), where he leads the Smart Grid Cybersecurity Laboratory. Prior to that, he was a faculty member with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. His current research interests include power systems protection, communication in power networks, distributed generation, microgrids, electric vehicle integration, and cybersecurity in smart grids. He serves on the editorial boards of IEEE Access, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Energies, Electronics, Electricity, World Electric Vehicle and Information journals. Dr. Ustun is a member of the IEEE 2004 and 2800, IEC Renewable Energy Management WG 8, and IEC TC 57 WG17. He has been invited to run specialist courses in Africa, India, and China. He has delivered talks for the Qatar Foundation, the World Energy Council, the Waterloo Global Science Initiative, and the European Union Energy Initiative (EUEI). His research has attracted funding from prestigious programs in Japan, Australia, the European Union, and North America.",institutionString:"Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA)",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8985",title:"Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5c2e219a6c021a40b5a20c041dea88c4",slug:"natural-resources-management-and-biological-sciences",bookSignature:"Edward R. Rhodes and Humood Naser",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8985.jpg",editors:[{id:"280886",title:"Prof.",name:"Edward R",middleName:null,surname:"Rhodes",slug:"edward-r-rhodes",fullName:"Edward R Rhodes"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10065",title:"Wavelet Theory",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d8868e332169597ba2182d9b004d60de",slug:"wavelet-theory",bookSignature:"Somayeh Mohammady",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10065.jpg",editors:[{id:"109280",title:"Dr.",name:"Somayeh",middleName:null,surname:"Mohammady",slug:"somayeh-mohammady",fullName:"Somayeh Mohammady"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9644",title:"Glaciers and the Polar Environment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e8cfdc161794e3753ced54e6ff30873b",slug:"glaciers-and-the-polar-environment",bookSignature:"Masaki Kanao, Danilo Godone and Niccolò Dematteis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9644.jpg",editors:[{id:"51959",title:"Dr.",name:"Masaki",middleName:null,surname:"Kanao",slug:"masaki-kanao",fullName:"Masaki Kanao"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9550",title:"Entrepreneurship",subtitle:"Contemporary Issues",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9b4ac1ee5b743abf6f88495452b1e5e7",slug:"entrepreneurship-contemporary-issues",bookSignature:"Mladen Turuk",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9550.jpg",editors:[{id:"319755",title:"Prof.",name:"Mladen",middleName:null,surname:"Turuk",slug:"mladen-turuk",fullName:"Mladen Turuk"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"9243",title:"Coastal Environments",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8e05e5f631e935eef366980f2e28295d",slug:"coastal-environments",bookSignature:"Yuanzhi Zhang and X. San Liang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9243.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"77597",title:"Prof.",name:"Yuanzhi",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",slug:"yuanzhi-zhang",fullName:"Yuanzhi Zhang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10020",title:"Operations Management",subtitle:"Emerging Trend in the Digital Era",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"526f0dbdc7e4d85b82ce8383ab894b4c",slug:"operations-management-emerging-trend-in-the-digital-era",bookSignature:"Antonella Petrillo, Fabio De Felice, Germano Lambert-Torres and Erik Bonaldi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10020.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"181603",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonella",middleName:null,surname:"Petrillo",slug:"antonella-petrillo",fullName:"Antonella Petrillo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9521",title:"Antimicrobial Resistance",subtitle:"A One Health Perspective",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"30949e78832e1afba5606634b52056ab",slug:"antimicrobial-resistance-a-one-health-perspective",bookSignature:"Mihai Mareș, Swee Hua Erin Lim, Kok-Song Lai and Romeo-Teodor Cristina",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9521.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"88785",title:"Prof.",name:"Mihai",middleName:null,surname:"Mares",slug:"mihai-mares",fullName:"Mihai Mares"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"190224",title:"Dr.",name:"Swee Hua Erin",middleName:null,surname:"Lim",slug:"swee-hua-erin-lim",fullName:"Swee Hua Erin Lim",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/190224/images/system/190224.png",biography:"Dr. Erin Lim is presently working as an Assistant Professor in the Division of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi Women\\'s College, Higher Colleges of Technology in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates and is affiliated as an Associate Professor to Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Selangor, Malaysia. She obtained her Ph.D. from Universiti Putra Malaysia in 2010 with a National Science Fellowship awarded from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Malaysia and has been actively involved in research ever since. Her main research interests include analysis of carriage and transmission of multidrug resistant bacteria in non-conventional settings, besides an interest in natural products for antimicrobial testing. She is heavily involved in the elucidation of mechanisms of reversal of resistance in bacteria in addition to investigating the immunological analyses of diseases, development of vaccination and treatment models in animals. She hopes her work will support the discovery of therapeutics in the clinical setting and assist in the combat against the burden of antibiotic resistance.",institutionString:"Abu Dhabi Women’s College",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Perdana University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},equalEditorTwo:{id:"221544",title:"Dr.",name:"Kok-Song",middleName:null,surname:"Lai",slug:"kok-song-lai",fullName:"Kok-Song Lai",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/221544/images/system/221544.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Lai Kok Song is an Assistant Professor in the Division of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi Women\\'s College, Higher Colleges of Technology in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. He obtained his Ph.D. in Biological Sciences from Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan in 2012. Prior to his academic appointment, Dr. Lai worked as a Senior Scientist at the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Malaysia. His current research areas include antimicrobial resistance and plant-pathogen interaction. His particular interest lies in the study of the antimicrobial mechanism via membrane disruption of essential oils against multi-drug resistance bacteria through various biochemical, molecular and proteomic approaches. Ultimately, he hopes to uncover and determine novel biomarkers related to antibiotic resistance that can be developed into new therapeutic strategies.",institutionString:"Higher Colleges of Technology",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"8",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Higher Colleges of Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Arab Emirates"}}},equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9560",title:"Creativity",subtitle:"A Force to Innovation",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"58f740bc17807d5d88d647c525857b11",slug:"creativity-a-force-to-innovation",bookSignature:"Pooja Jain",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9560.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"316765",title:"Dr.",name:"Pooja",middleName:null,surname:"Jain",slug:"pooja-jain",fullName:"Pooja Jain"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9669",title:"Recent Advances in Rice Research",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"12b06cc73e89af1e104399321cc16a75",slug:"recent-advances-in-rice-research",bookSignature:"Mahmood-ur- Rahman Ansari",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9669.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"185476",title:"Dr.",name:"Mahmood-Ur-",middleName:null,surname:"Rahman Ansari",slug:"mahmood-ur-rahman-ansari",fullName:"Mahmood-Ur- Rahman Ansari"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10192",title:"Background and Management of Muscular Atrophy",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"eca24028d89912b5efea56e179dff089",slug:"background-and-management-of-muscular-atrophy",bookSignature:"Julianna Cseri",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10192.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"135579",title:"Dr.",name:"Julianna",middleName:null,surname:"Cseri",slug:"julianna-cseri",fullName:"Julianna Cseri"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9550",title:"Entrepreneurship",subtitle:"Contemporary Issues",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9b4ac1ee5b743abf6f88495452b1e5e7",slug:"entrepreneurship-contemporary-issues",bookSignature:"Mladen Turuk",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9550.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"319755",title:"Prof.",name:"Mladen",middleName:null,surname:"Turuk",slug:"mladen-turuk",fullName:"Mladen Turuk"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10065",title:"Wavelet Theory",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d8868e332169597ba2182d9b004d60de",slug:"wavelet-theory",bookSignature:"Somayeh Mohammady",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10065.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"109280",title:"Dr.",name:"Somayeh",middleName:null,surname:"Mohammady",slug:"somayeh-mohammady",fullName:"Somayeh Mohammady"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9313",title:"Clay Science and Technology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6fa7e70396ff10620e032bb6cfa6fb72",slug:"clay-science-and-technology",bookSignature:"Gustavo Morari Do Nascimento",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9313.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"7153",title:"Prof.",name:"Gustavo",middleName:null,surname:"Morari Do Nascimento",slug:"gustavo-morari-do-nascimento",fullName:"Gustavo Morari Do Nascimento"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9888",title:"Nuclear Power Plants",subtitle:"The Processes from the Cradle to the Grave",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c2c8773e586f62155ab8221ebb72a849",slug:"nuclear-power-plants-the-processes-from-the-cradle-to-the-grave",bookSignature:"Nasser Awwad",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9888.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"145209",title:"Prof.",name:"Nasser",middleName:"S",surname:"Awwad",slug:"nasser-awwad",fullName:"Nasser Awwad"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"403",title:"Microbial Genetics",slug:"karyology-microbial-genetics",parent:{title:"Karyology",slug:"karyology"},numberOfBooks:5,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:169,numberOfWosCitations:69,numberOfCrossrefCitations:34,numberOfDimensionsCitations:80,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicSlug:"karyology-microbial-genetics",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"5085",title:"Telomere",subtitle:"A Complex End of a Chromosome",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2a8f40859d7bc312dea327fd9b058a20",slug:"telomere-a-complex-end-of-a-chromosome",bookSignature:"Marcelo L. Larramendy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5085.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"14764",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcelo L.",middleName:null,surname:"Larramendy",slug:"marcelo-l.-larramendy",fullName:"Marcelo L. Larramendy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"4720",title:"Flow Cytometry",subtitle:"Select Topics",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5a842a00d86bc7f956a5fd1fe6d62b8a",slug:"flow-cytometry-select-topics",bookSignature:"Ingrid Schmid",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/4720.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"109787",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Ingrid",middleName:null,surname:"Schmid",slug:"ingrid-schmid",fullName:"Ingrid Schmid"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3536",title:"Chromatin Remodelling",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"31abe97fe35989e4547bab854b38e03a",slug:"chromatin-remodelling",bookSignature:"Danuta Radzioch",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3536.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"165250",title:"Dr.",name:"Danuta",middleName:null,surname:"Radzioch",slug:"danuta-radzioch",fullName:"Danuta Radzioch"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1578",title:"Flow Cytometry",subtitle:"Recent Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fccad401cbcf998ea4de62d524abf82d",slug:"flow-cytometry-recent-perspectives",bookSignature:"Ingrid Schmid",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1578.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"109787",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Ingrid",middleName:null,surname:"Schmid",slug:"ingrid-schmid",fullName:"Ingrid Schmid"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2291",title:"Clinical Flow Cytometry",subtitle:"Emerging Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a5414617aafe62d7c6ec8205028f6967",slug:"clinical-flow-cytometry-emerging-applications",bookSignature:"Ingrid Schmid",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2291.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"109787",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Ingrid",middleName:null,surname:"Schmid",slug:"ingrid-schmid",fullName:"Ingrid Schmid"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:5,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"44225",doi:"10.5772/55370",title:"Role of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Polycomb Protein and Its Significance in Tumor Progression and Cell Differentiation",slug:"role-of-enhancer-of-zeste-homolog-2-polycomb-protein-and-its-significance-in-tumor-progression-and-c",totalDownloads:3389,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:7,book:{slug:"chromatin-remodelling",title:"Chromatin Remodelling",fullTitle:"Chromatin Remodelling"},signatures:"Irene Marchesi and Luigi Bagella",authors:[{id:"91878",title:"Prof.",name:"Luigi",middleName:null,surname:"Bagella",slug:"luigi-bagella",fullName:"Luigi Bagella"},{id:"164852",title:"Dr.",name:"Irene",middleName:null,surname:"Marchesi",slug:"irene-marchesi",fullName:"Irene Marchesi"}]},{id:"52461",doi:"10.5772/65353",title:"Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Therapeutic Approaches for Telomere Biology Disorders",slug:"molecular-diagnosis-and-precision-therapeutic-approaches-for-telomere-biology-disorders",totalDownloads:1213,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:6,book:{slug:"telomere-a-complex-end-of-a-chromosome",title:"Telomere",fullTitle:"Telomere - A Complex End of a Chromosome"},signatures:"Rosario Perona, Laura Iarriccio, Laura Pintado-Berninches, Javier\nRodriguez-Centeno, Cristina Manguan-Garcia, Elena Garcia, Blanca\nLopez-Ayllón and Leandro Sastre",authors:[{id:"179373",title:"Dr.",name:"Leandro",middleName:null,surname:"Sastre",slug:"leandro-sastre",fullName:"Leandro Sastre"},{id:"184869",title:"Dr.",name:"Rosario",middleName:null,surname:"Perona",slug:"rosario-perona",fullName:"Rosario Perona"},{id:"184870",title:"Dr.",name:"Laura",middleName:null,surname:"Iarriccio",slug:"laura-iarriccio",fullName:"Laura Iarriccio"},{id:"184871",title:"MSc.",name:"Laura",middleName:null,surname:"Pintado-Berninches",slug:"laura-pintado-berninches",fullName:"Laura Pintado-Berninches"},{id:"184872",title:"MSc.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Rodriguez-Centeno",slug:"javier-rodriguez-centeno",fullName:"Javier Rodriguez-Centeno"},{id:"184873",title:"Ms.",name:"Cristina",middleName:null,surname:"Manguan-Garcia",slug:"cristina-manguan-garcia",fullName:"Cristina Manguan-Garcia"},{id:"184874",title:"Dr.",name:"Elena",middleName:null,surname:"Garcia",slug:"elena-garcia",fullName:"Elena Garcia"},{id:"184875",title:"Dr.",name:"Blanca",middleName:null,surname:"Lopez-Ayllon",slug:"blanca-lopez-ayllon",fullName:"Blanca Lopez-Ayllon"}]},{id:"37421",doi:"10.5772/38616",title:"What Flow Cytometry can Tell Us About Marine Micro-Organisms – Current Status and Future Applications",slug:"what-flow-cytometry-can-tell-about-marine-microrganisms-current-status-and-future-applications",totalDownloads:2396,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:4,book:{slug:"flow-cytometry-recent-perspectives",title:"Flow Cytometry",fullTitle:"Flow Cytometry - Recent Perspectives"},signatures:"A. Manti, S. Papa and P. Boi",authors:[{id:"118302",title:"Dr.",name:"Anita",middleName:null,surname:"Manti",slug:"anita-manti",fullName:"Anita Manti"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"49878",title:"Immunophenotyping of Acute Leukemias – From Biology to Clinical Application",slug:"immunophenotyping-of-acute-leukemias-from-biology-to-clinical-application",totalDownloads:2485,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,book:{slug:"flow-cytometry-select-topics",title:"Flow Cytometry",fullTitle:"Flow Cytometry - Select Topics"},signatures:"Francesco Mannelli",authors:[{id:"178848",title:"M.D.",name:"Francesco",middleName:null,surname:"Mannelli",slug:"francesco-mannelli",fullName:"Francesco Mannelli"}]},{id:"50878",title:"Detection of Anti-HLA Antibodies by Flow Cytometer",slug:"detection-of-anti-hla-antibodies-by-flow-cytometer",totalDownloads:2351,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,book:{slug:"flow-cytometry-select-topics",title:"Flow Cytometry",fullTitle:"Flow Cytometry - Select Topics"},signatures:"Tülay Kılıçaslan Ayna and Aslı Özkızılcık Koçyiğit",authors:[{id:"178265",title:"Dr.",name:"Tulay",middleName:null,surname:"Kilicaslan Ayna",slug:"tulay-kilicaslan-ayna",fullName:"Tulay Kilicaslan Ayna"}]},{id:"37054",title:"Effect of Monocyte Locomotion Inhibitory Factor (MLIF) on the Activation and Production of Intracellular Cytokine and Chemokine Receptors in Human T CD4+ Lymphocytes Measured by Flow Cytometry",slug:"effect-of-monocyte-inhibitory-locomotion-factor-mlif-on-the-activation-and-production-of-intracellul",totalDownloads:1566,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"clinical-flow-cytometry-emerging-applications",title:"Clinical Flow Cytometry",fullTitle:"Clinical Flow Cytometry - Emerging Applications"},signatures:"Sara Rojas-Dotor",authors:[{id:"109461",title:"Dr.",name:"Sara",middleName:null,surname:"Rojas-Dotor",slug:"sara-rojas-dotor",fullName:"Sara Rojas-Dotor"}]},{id:"50807",title:"The Role of Cytometry for Male Fertility Assessment in Toxicology",slug:"the-role-of-cytometry-for-male-fertility-assessment-in-toxicology",totalDownloads:1268,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,book:{slug:"flow-cytometry-select-topics",title:"Flow Cytometry",fullTitle:"Flow Cytometry - Select Topics"},signatures:"Maria de Lourdes Pereira, Helena Oliveira, Henrique M.A.C.\nFonseca, Fernando Garcia e Costa and Conceição Santos",authors:[{id:"79715",title:"Prof.",name:"Maria De Lourdes",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"maria-de-lourdes-pereira",fullName:"Maria De Lourdes Pereira"},{id:"174419",title:"Prof.",name:"Fernando",middleName:null,surname:"Garcia E Costa",slug:"fernando-garcia-e-costa",fullName:"Fernando Garcia E Costa"},{id:"185982",title:"Prof.",name:"Helena",middleName:null,surname:"Oliveira",slug:"helena-oliveira",fullName:"Helena Oliveira"},{id:"185983",title:"Prof.",name:"Henrique M.A.C.",middleName:null,surname:"Fonseca",slug:"henrique-m.a.c.-fonseca",fullName:"Henrique M.A.C. Fonseca"},{id:"185984",title:"Prof.",name:"Conceição",middleName:null,surname:"Santos",slug:"conceicao-santos",fullName:"Conceição Santos"}]},{id:"37421",title:"What Flow Cytometry can Tell Us About Marine Micro-Organisms – Current Status and Future Applications",slug:"what-flow-cytometry-can-tell-about-marine-microrganisms-current-status-and-future-applications",totalDownloads:2393,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:4,book:{slug:"flow-cytometry-recent-perspectives",title:"Flow Cytometry",fullTitle:"Flow Cytometry - Recent Perspectives"},signatures:"A. Manti, S. Papa and P. Boi",authors:[{id:"118302",title:"Dr.",name:"Anita",middleName:null,surname:"Manti",slug:"anita-manti",fullName:"Anita Manti"}]},{id:"37445",title:"Retracted: Applications of Quantum Dots in Flow Cytometry",slug:"applications-of-quantum-dots-in-flow-cytometry",totalDownloads:1852,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,book:{slug:"flow-cytometry-recent-perspectives",title:"Flow Cytometry",fullTitle:"Flow Cytometry - Recent Perspectives"},signatures:"Dimitrios Kirmizis, Fani Chatzopoulou, Eleni Gavriilaki and Dimitrios Chatzidimitriou",authors:[{id:"45414",title:"Dr.",name:"Dimitrios",middleName:null,surname:"Kirmizis",slug:"dimitrios-kirmizis",fullName:"Dimitrios Kirmizis"},{id:"122229",title:"Dr.",name:"Dimitrios",middleName:null,surname:"Chatzidimitriou",slug:"dimitrios-chatzidimitriou",fullName:"Dimitrios Chatzidimitriou"},{id:"134576",title:"BSc.",name:"Fani",middleName:null,surname:"Chatzopoulou",slug:"fani-chatzopoulou",fullName:"Fani Chatzopoulou"},{id:"134577",title:"Dr.",name:"Helen",middleName:null,surname:"Gavriilaki",slug:"helen-gavriilaki",fullName:"Helen Gavriilaki"}]},{id:"51979",title:"Telomeres and Cellular Senescence in Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases",slug:"telomeres-and-cellular-senescence-in-metabolic-and-endocrine-diseases",totalDownloads:1188,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,book:{slug:"telomere-a-complex-end-of-a-chromosome",title:"Telomere",fullTitle:"Telomere - A Complex End of a Chromosome"},signatures:"Ryusaku Matsumoto and Yutaka Takahashi",authors:[{id:"187040",title:"Dr.",name:"Yutaka",middleName:null,surname:"Takahashi",slug:"yutaka-takahashi",fullName:"Yutaka Takahashi"}]},{id:"52461",title:"Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Therapeutic Approaches for Telomere Biology Disorders",slug:"molecular-diagnosis-and-precision-therapeutic-approaches-for-telomere-biology-disorders",totalDownloads:1213,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:6,book:{slug:"telomere-a-complex-end-of-a-chromosome",title:"Telomere",fullTitle:"Telomere - A Complex End of a Chromosome"},signatures:"Rosario Perona, Laura Iarriccio, Laura Pintado-Berninches, Javier\nRodriguez-Centeno, Cristina Manguan-Garcia, Elena Garcia, Blanca\nLopez-Ayllón and Leandro Sastre",authors:[{id:"179373",title:"Dr.",name:"Leandro",middleName:null,surname:"Sastre",slug:"leandro-sastre",fullName:"Leandro Sastre"},{id:"184869",title:"Dr.",name:"Rosario",middleName:null,surname:"Perona",slug:"rosario-perona",fullName:"Rosario Perona"},{id:"184870",title:"Dr.",name:"Laura",middleName:null,surname:"Iarriccio",slug:"laura-iarriccio",fullName:"Laura Iarriccio"},{id:"184871",title:"MSc.",name:"Laura",middleName:null,surname:"Pintado-Berninches",slug:"laura-pintado-berninches",fullName:"Laura Pintado-Berninches"},{id:"184872",title:"MSc.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Rodriguez-Centeno",slug:"javier-rodriguez-centeno",fullName:"Javier Rodriguez-Centeno"},{id:"184873",title:"Ms.",name:"Cristina",middleName:null,surname:"Manguan-Garcia",slug:"cristina-manguan-garcia",fullName:"Cristina Manguan-Garcia"},{id:"184874",title:"Dr.",name:"Elena",middleName:null,surname:"Garcia",slug:"elena-garcia",fullName:"Elena Garcia"},{id:"184875",title:"Dr.",name:"Blanca",middleName:null,surname:"Lopez-Ayllon",slug:"blanca-lopez-ayllon",fullName:"Blanca Lopez-Ayllon"}]},{id:"44220",title:"Condensins, Chromatin Remodeling and Gene Transcription",slug:"condensins-chromatin-remodeling-and-gene-transcription",totalDownloads:2090,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,book:{slug:"chromatin-remodelling",title:"Chromatin Remodelling",fullTitle:"Chromatin Remodelling"},signatures:"Laurence O. W. Wilson and Aude M. Fahrer",authors:[{id:"164464",title:"Mr.",name:"Laurence",middleName:null,surname:"Wilson",slug:"laurence-wilson",fullName:"Laurence Wilson"},{id:"164788",title:"Dr.",name:"Aude",middleName:null,surname:"Fahrer",slug:"aude-fahrer",fullName:"Aude Fahrer"}]},{id:"44225",title:"Role of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Polycomb Protein and Its Significance in Tumor Progression and Cell Differentiation",slug:"role-of-enhancer-of-zeste-homolog-2-polycomb-protein-and-its-significance-in-tumor-progression-and-c",totalDownloads:3388,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:7,book:{slug:"chromatin-remodelling",title:"Chromatin Remodelling",fullTitle:"Chromatin Remodelling"},signatures:"Irene Marchesi and Luigi Bagella",authors:[{id:"91878",title:"Prof.",name:"Luigi",middleName:null,surname:"Bagella",slug:"luigi-bagella",fullName:"Luigi Bagella"},{id:"164852",title:"Dr.",name:"Irene",middleName:null,surname:"Marchesi",slug:"irene-marchesi",fullName:"Irene Marchesi"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicSlug:"karyology-microbial-genetics",limit:3,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10176",title:"Microgrids and Local Energy Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"c32b4a5351a88f263074b0d0ca813a9c",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Nick Jenkins",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10176.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"55219",title:"Prof.",name:"Nick",middleName:null,surname:"Jenkins",slug:"nick-jenkins",fullName:"Nick Jenkins"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:8,limit:8,total:1},route:{name:"profile.detail",path:"/profiles/177670/robert-pellecchia",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"177670",slug:"robert-pellecchia"},fullPath:"/profiles/177670/robert-pellecchia",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()