Released this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\\n\\n
We wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
IntechOpen is proud to announce that 191 of our authors have made the Clarivate™ Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020, ranking them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\n
Throughout the years, the list has named a total of 261 IntechOpen authors as Highly Cited. Of those researchers, 69 have been featured on the list multiple times.
\n\n\n\n
Released this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\n
We wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"intechopen-supports-asapbio-s-new-initiative-publish-your-reviews-20220729",title:"IntechOpen Supports ASAPbio’s New Initiative Publish Your Reviews"},{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"6200",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Sustainable Air Conditioning Systems",title:"Sustainable Air Conditioning Systems",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"Air conditioning system is one of the major consumers of electrical energy in many parts of the world today. It represents between 40 and 70% of the energy consumption in commercial buildings. The demand of energy for air conditioning systems is expected to increase further in the next decades due to the population growth, the new economic boom, and the urbanization development. The rapid growth of air conditioning and electricity consumption will contribute further to climate change if fossil and nonrenewable resources are used. More energy-efficient and renewable energy-based air conditioning systems to accomplish space cooling are needed. This book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in sustainable air conditioning technologies and focus on the most recent research and development on green air conditioning systems including energy-efficient and renewable energy-based air conditioning systems.",isbn:"978-1-78923-301-8",printIsbn:"978-1-78923-300-1",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83881-331-4",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.68608",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"sustainable-air-conditioning-systems",numberOfPages:150,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:null,isInBkci:!1,hash:"abe02e0aeff0ee4c6527af617493b723",bookSignature:"Chaouki Ghenai and Tareq Salameh",publishedDate:"June 13th 2018",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6200.jpg",numberOfDownloads:9713,numberOfWosCitations:18,numberOfCrossrefCitations:11,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:29,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:1,hasAltmetrics:1,numberOfTotalCitations:58,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"April 12th 2017",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"May 3rd 2017",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"November 23rd 2017",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"December 23rd 2017",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"February 23rd 2018",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6,7",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"178090",title:"Dr.",name:"Chaouki",middleName:null,surname:"Ghenai",slug:"chaouki-ghenai",fullName:"Chaouki Ghenai",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/178090/images/system/178090.png",biography:"Chaouki Ghenai is an Associate Professor at the Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering (SREE) Department, College of Engineering; the Coordinator of the Sustainable Energy Development Research Group at the Research Institute of Science and Engineering (RISE); and the Chairman of the Research Funding Department at the Ofice of Vice Chancellor for Research and Graduate Studies, University of Sharjah. Dr. Ghenai has a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from Orleans University, France. Before joining the University of Sharjah, He worked at Florida Atlantic University, Florida International University, University of Los Angeles California, Kansas State University, and Cornell University. Dr. Ghenai research\r\ninterests are renewable energy, energy eficiency, energy conversion systems, combustion, biofuels, alternative fuels, clean combustion technologies, waste to energy, sustainability, eco-design, energy-water nexus, energy planning and climate change mitigation assessment, modeling and simulation of micro gird power systems and air pollution. Dr. Ghenai has more than 100 papers published in journals,conferences, books, and book chapters.",institutionString:"University of Sharjah",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"0",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"2",institution:{name:"University of Sharjah",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Arab Emirates"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:{id:"209700",title:"Dr.",name:"Tareq",middleName:null,surname:"Salameh",slug:"tareq-salameh",fullName:"Tareq Salameh",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/209700/images/5561_n.jpg",biography:"Dr.Salameh is assistant professor in Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering Department (SREE) at the College of Engineering at University of Sharjah in United Arab Emirates since 2013. While working in Hashemite University as lab supervisor between 2002 - 2008, Dr. Tareq had gotten full scholarship for Ph.D study in Energy Sciences Department at Lund University from European Commission through Erasmus Mundus Program where he was a Ph.D student in the Energy Sciences Department at Lund University between 2008 and 2012. He was also responsible about the renewable energy center in Applied Science University in Jordan where he had studied his undergraduate study between 1995 and 2000 and worked as lab supervisor between 2000 and 2002. His research interests focus on the area of heat transfer mechanism inside different type of applications such as heating of air inside solar air collector, internal passage cooling of gas turbine blade, heat exchanger, piping and duct system. He has also interest in the numerical simulation and modeling different energy and thermal systems by using in-house code and commercial software for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) or any other software programs used to simulate the overall performance of thermal and energy systems.",institutionString:null,position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"0",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:null},coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"770",title:"Renewable Energy",slug:"engineering-energy-engineering-renewable-energy"}],chapters:[{id:"58041",title:"Solar Air-Conditioning Systems",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72189",slug:"solar-air-conditioning-systems",totalDownloads:1613,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The chapter presents the recent studies focusing on optimizing the efficiency of air-conditioning (AC) systems using solar energy. For this purpose, several advanced AC plants (absorption, adsorption, and desiccant) are designed. Their technology and components are described in this chapter. It also discusses the energy intake of the solar energy use in air-conditioning, especially in rural regions where the electricity shortage is frequent, as well as the reduction of the energy costs and the pollution rate. A comparison between solar AC systems and traditional AC systems at the level of the designs, costs, and effectiveness is made at the end of the chapter.",signatures:"Emna Aridhi, Hmida Bemri and Abdelkader Mami",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/58041",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/58041",authors:[{id:"209011",title:"Dr.",name:"Emna",surname:"Aridhi",slug:"emna-aridhi",fullName:"Emna Aridhi"},{id:"218888",title:"Prof.",name:"Abdelkader",surname:"Mami",slug:"abdelkader-mami",fullName:"Abdelkader Mami"}],corrections:null},{id:"57859",title:"Solar-Assisted HVAC Systems with Integrated Phase Change Materials",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72187",slug:"solar-assisted-hvac-systems-with-integrated-phase-change-materials",totalDownloads:1399,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Solar-assisted heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems are receiving increasing attention. This chapter presents the development of HVAC systems with integrated solar photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collectors and phase change materials (PCMs) to reduce building energy consumption while providing satisfactory indoor thermal comfort. PVT collectors, which can generate both thermal energy and electricity simultaneously, are a promising technology for developing high-performance buildings. As solar energy is intermittent, the integration of phase change materials (PCMs) with PVT-driven HVAC systems can provide an opportunity to effectively utilise solar energy and maximise the performance of HVAC systems. The results showed that the coefficient of performance (COP) of an air source heat pump system with integrated PVT collectors and PCMs was 5.2, which was higher than the use of the air source heat pump only (i.e., 3.06) during the test period investigated.",signatures:"Zhenjun Ma, Haoshan Ren, Wenye Lin and Shugang Wang",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/57859",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/57859",authors:[{id:"187607",title:"Dr.",name:"Zhenjun",surname:"Ma",slug:"zhenjun-ma",fullName:"Zhenjun Ma"},{id:"209562",title:"Mr.",name:"Haoshan",surname:"Ren",slug:"haoshan-ren",fullName:"Haoshan Ren"},{id:"209563",title:"Mr.",name:"Wenye",surname:"Lin",slug:"wenye-lin",fullName:"Wenye Lin"}],corrections:null},{id:"58210",title:"Design and Construction for Hydroxides Based Air Conditioning System with Solar Collectors for Confined Roofs",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72188",slug:"design-and-construction-for-hydroxides-based-air-conditioning-system-with-solar-collectors-for-confi",totalDownloads:1082,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"In this chapter, the methodology to determinate heat load is revised and presented. The main parameters must be fixed as function of climatization, internal thermic conditions (comfort, temperature, and humid) and the activities. According with literature, the roof structural requirements were checked. These are an important parameter because it represents the limits to the system such as load by devices (weight of equipment), orientation in solar systems (operating conditions), and building materials. The method of calculation of solar available is shown; the aim is to achieve the major collection of solar energy. Finally, the plate heat exchangers can be fabricated in gasketed, welded or module welded design characterized by the model in which the flow channels for the two heat exchanging media are sealed. The kind of exchanger is suitable depending on your requirements. The thermodynamic method of calculation of sizing the exchangers is reviewed. The aim of this section is to find the suitable devices for the operation of air-conditioning absorption system based on hydroxide.",signatures:"Yuridiana Rocio Galindo Luna, Rosenberg Javier Romero\nDomínguez, Jonathan Ibarra Bahena, Moises Montiel González,\nJesús Cerezo Román, José Eduardo Jasso Almazán, Antonio\nRodríguez Martínez, Karina Solano Olivares, Ana María Hernández\nJasso, Sotsil Silva Sotelo, José Antonio García Ramos, Ariana\nMorales Flores and Brenda Rivas Herrea",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/58210",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/58210",authors:[{id:"116964",title:"Dr.",name:"Rosenberg Javier",surname:"Romero Domínguez",slug:"rosenberg-javier-romero-dominguez",fullName:"Rosenberg Javier Romero Domínguez"}],corrections:null},{id:"59993",title:"Adsorption Refrigeration Technologies",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73167",slug:"adsorption-refrigeration-technologies",totalDownloads:3072,totalCrossrefCites:7,totalDimensionsCites:23,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"This chapter introduces a comprehensive overview about the principles, challenges and applications of adsorption refrigeration systems (ARSs), as a promising sustainable solution for many of cooling and heating applications. In addition to the features and the basics of ARSs, the following topics have been covered such as characteristics of working pairs, trends in improving the heat and mass transfer of the adsorber; advanced adsorption cycles and performance and operational data of some adsorption refrigeration applications. In some details, the operating range and the performance of ARSs are greatly affected by the employed working adsorbent/refrigerant pairs. Therefore, the study, development and optimum selection of adsorbent/refrigerant pairs, particularly the composite adsorbents, can lead to improving the performance and reliability of ARSs. Regarding the enhancement of heat and mass transfer in the adsorbent bed, two methods are commonly used: one is the development of adsorbents through different coating technologies or new materials such as metal-organic frameworks, and the second is the optimization of the adsorber geometrical parameters and cycle modes. Finally, a brief on some adsorption chillers applications have started to find their share in markets and driven by solar or waste heats.",signatures:"Mahmoud B. Elsheniti, Osama A. Elsamni, Raya K. Al-dadah, Saad\nMahmoud, Eman Elsayed and Khaled Saleh",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/59993",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/59993",authors:[{id:"210207",title:"Dr.",name:"Khaled",surname:"Saleh",slug:"khaled-saleh",fullName:"Khaled Saleh"},{id:"210212",title:"Dr.",name:"Mahmoud",surname:"Badawy Elsheniti",slug:"mahmoud-badawy-elsheniti",fullName:"Mahmoud Badawy Elsheniti"},{id:"221896",title:"Dr.",name:"Osama",surname:"Elsamni",slug:"osama-elsamni",fullName:"Osama Elsamni"},{id:"221898",title:"Dr.",name:"Raya K.",surname:"Al-dadah",slug:"raya-k.-al-dadah",fullName:"Raya K. Al-dadah"},{id:"221900",title:"Dr.",name:"Sa’ad",surname:"Mahmoud",slug:"sa'ad-mahmoud",fullName:"Sa’ad Mahmoud"},{id:"221901",title:"MSc.",name:"Eman",surname:"Elsayed",slug:"eman-elsayed",fullName:"Eman Elsayed"}],corrections:null},{id:"60112",title:"Introduction of Low-Carbon Community Energy Systems by Combining Information Networks and Cogeneration-Type District Heating and Cooling Systems",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.75129",slug:"introduction-of-low-carbon-community-energy-systems-by-combining-information-networks-and-cogenerati",totalDownloads:1072,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Achievement of a low-carbon society is becoming extremely important. In this report, we introduce an example of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reductions and energy savings, using a local energy-control system. Our research is focused on the town of Shinchi in the Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Shinchi is pursuing initiatives to create a low-carbon, energy-efficient society and a disaster-resilient community. The National Institute for Environmental Studies provides academic support for the design and planning of low-carbon community energy systems by the local government of Shinchi, based on the Basic Cooperation Agreement. For the redevelopment of the Japan Railway (JR) Shinchi Station district that is being carried out, construction of a cogeneration-type district heating and cooling system is currently in progress. CO2 reductions of about 20% can be expected by introducing this community energy system. To support these initiatives, we have developed an information and communication technology (ICT) system that shares a wide range of local information to support energy conservation. By analyzing electricity consumption data from the ICT, we evaluated the pattern of residential power consumption and confirmed that the project supports energy-saving behavior within the community. Additionally, the community energy project in the JR Shinchi Station district enables adjustment of the supply and demand balance.",signatures:"Yujiro Hirano, Shogo Nakamura, Kei Gomi, Takuya Togawa,\nTsuyoshi Fujita and Makoto Ooba",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/60112",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/60112",authors:[{id:"37743",title:"Prof.",name:"Tsuyoshi",surname:"Fujita",slug:"tsuyoshi-fujita",fullName:"Tsuyoshi Fujita"},{id:"210375",title:"Dr.",name:"Yujiro",surname:"Hirano",slug:"yujiro-hirano",fullName:"Yujiro Hirano"},{id:"219649",title:"Dr.",name:"Shogo",surname:"Nakamura",slug:"shogo-nakamura",fullName:"Shogo Nakamura"},{id:"219650",title:"Dr.",name:"Kei",surname:"Gomi",slug:"kei-gomi",fullName:"Kei Gomi"},{id:"219651",title:"Dr.",name:"Takuya",surname:"Togawa",slug:"takuya-togawa",fullName:"Takuya Togawa"},{id:"219652",title:"Dr.",name:"Makoto",surname:"Ooba",slug:"makoto-ooba",fullName:"Makoto Ooba"}],corrections:null},{id:"58750",title:"Renewable and Sustainable Air Conditioning",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73166",slug:"renewable-and-sustainable-air-conditioning",totalDownloads:1475,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:"The simultaneous control of air temperature and humidity are the main functions of an air conditioner in order to provide human thermal comfort conditions. The conventional vapor compression air conditioning system cools the air below its dew point temperature to remove the moisture from the air. In hot and humid regions, considerable amount of energy is used for moisture removal using these systems. Because of the high energy cost of conventional systems and poor control of latent load, need arises for some alternative cooling devices. In this chapter alternative and renewable based air conditioning systems are described to overcome the increasing use of primary energy by conventional air conditional systems. Desiccant cooling is found to be a suitable alternative to these cooling systems. The configurations of desiccant cooling systems to achieve better performance are described. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of desiccant cooling system operating on ventilation and recirculation cycle has been presented. The results showed the system operating under the ventilation cycle has a better coefficient of performance as compared to the recirculation cycle because of the less input/regeneration heat required. The desiccant cooling technology is both cost-effective and environmental friendly as no refrigerant is used in these systems.",signatures:"Muhammad Mujahid Rafique and Shafiqur Rehman",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/58750",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/58750",authors:[{id:"11908",title:"Prof.",name:"Shafiqur",surname:"Rehman",slug:"shafiqur-rehman",fullName:"Shafiqur Rehman"},{id:"227204",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Muhammad Mujahid",surname:"Rafique",slug:"muhammad-mujahid-rafique",fullName:"Muhammad Mujahid Rafique"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},subseries:null,tags:null},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8234",title:"Sustainable Alternative Syngas Fuel",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"724739fd3ad7e2392f69c4650b19477b",slug:"sustainable-alternative-syngas-fuel",bookSignature:"Chaouki Ghenai and Abrar Inayat",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8234.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"178090",title:"Dr.",name:"Chaouki",surname:"Ghenai",slug:"chaouki-ghenai",fullName:"Chaouki Ghenai"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3633",title:"Solar Energy",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"solar-energy",bookSignature:"Radu D Rugescu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3633.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"8615",title:"Prof.",name:"Radu",surname:"Rugescu",slug:"radu-rugescu",fullName:"Radu Rugescu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"4479",title:"Solar Cells",subtitle:"New Approaches and Reviews",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f6907a79a7d35f34d0c719d6297a2667",slug:"solar-cells-new-approaches-and-reviews",bookSignature:"Leonid A. Kosyachenko",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/4479.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"6262",title:"Prof.",name:"Leonid A.",surname:"Kosyachenko",slug:"leonid-a.-kosyachenko",fullName:"Leonid A. Kosyachenko"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1288",title:"Solar Cells",subtitle:"Dye-Sensitized Devices",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"05a255471069664ecf5fbf8778b92076",slug:"solar-cells-dye-sensitized-devices",bookSignature:"Leonid A. Kosyachenko",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1288.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"6262",title:"Prof.",name:"Leonid A.",surname:"Kosyachenko",slug:"leonid-a.-kosyachenko",fullName:"Leonid A. Kosyachenko"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"877",title:"Third Generation Photovoltaics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c3bdfaebac38dab83a69c488bcda219d",slug:"third-generation-photovoltaics",bookSignature:"Vasilis Fthenakis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/877.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"68723",title:"Dr.",name:"Vasilis",surname:"Fthenakis",slug:"vasilis-fthenakis",fullName:"Vasilis Fthenakis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2154",title:"Energy Storage",subtitle:"Technologies and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"98b5e296523724495675754b80db6245",slug:"energy-storage-technologies-and-applications",bookSignature:"Ahmed Faheem Zobaa",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2154.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"39249",title:"Dr.",name:"Ahmed F.",surname:"Zobaa",slug:"ahmed-f.-zobaa",fullName:"Ahmed F. Zobaa"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3118",title:"Solar Cells",subtitle:"Research and Application Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5502d7fd7559d60419f2615615ae4cf5",slug:"solar-cells-research-and-application-perspectives",bookSignature:"Arturo Morales-Acevedo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3118.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"90486",title:"Prof.",name:"Arturo",surname:"Morales-Acevedo",slug:"arturo-morales-acevedo",fullName:"Arturo Morales-Acevedo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1290",title:"Solar Cells",subtitle:"New Aspects and Solutions",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"52415367e48e5b68d47325bdfc81cdce",slug:"solar-cells-new-aspects-and-solutions",bookSignature:"Leonid A. Kosyachenko",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1290.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"6262",title:"Prof.",name:"Leonid A.",surname:"Kosyachenko",slug:"leonid-a.-kosyachenko",fullName:"Leonid A. Kosyachenko"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1289",title:"Solar Cells",subtitle:"Silicon Wafer-Based Technologies",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"76fb5123cd9acbf3c37678c5e9bd056a",slug:"solar-cells-silicon-wafer-based-technologies",bookSignature:"Leonid A. Kosyachenko",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1289.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"6262",title:"Prof.",name:"Leonid A.",surname:"Kosyachenko",slug:"leonid-a.-kosyachenko",fullName:"Leonid A. Kosyachenko"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"295",title:"Solar Cells",subtitle:"Thin-Film Technologies",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ad5cda9b208fbf385f7cdf7a5c16baae",slug:"solar-cells-thin-film-technologies",bookSignature:"Leonid A. Kosyachenko",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/295.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"6262",title:"Prof.",name:"Leonid A.",surname:"Kosyachenko",slug:"leonid-a.-kosyachenko",fullName:"Leonid A. Kosyachenko"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],ofsBooks:[]},correction:{item:{id:"79356",slug:"corrigendum-pregnancy-and-graves-disease",title:"Corrigendum: Pregnancy and Graves’ Disease",doi:null,correctionPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/79786.pdf",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/79786",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/79786",totalDownloads:null,totalCrossrefCites:null,bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/79786",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/79786",chapter:{id:"75306",slug:"pregnancy-in-women-with-graves-disease-focus-on-fetal-surveillance",signatures:"Anca Maria Panaitescu",dateSubmitted:"December 16th 2020",dateReviewed:"January 27th 2021",datePrePublished:"February 18th 2021",datePublished:"December 1st 2021",book:{id:"10312",title:"Graves' Disease",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Graves' Disease",slug:"graves-disease",publishedDate:"December 1st 2021",bookSignature:"Robert Gensure",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10312.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"16515",title:"Dr.",name:"Robert",middleName:null,surname:"Gensure",slug:"robert-gensure",fullName:"Robert Gensure"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"251062",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Anca",middleName:null,surname:"Panaitescu",fullName:"Anca Panaitescu",slug:"anca-panaitescu",email:"panaitescu.anca@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null}]}},chapter:{id:"75306",slug:"pregnancy-in-women-with-graves-disease-focus-on-fetal-surveillance",signatures:"Anca Maria Panaitescu",dateSubmitted:"December 16th 2020",dateReviewed:"January 27th 2021",datePrePublished:"February 18th 2021",datePublished:"December 1st 2021",book:{id:"10312",title:"Graves' Disease",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Graves' Disease",slug:"graves-disease",publishedDate:"December 1st 2021",bookSignature:"Robert Gensure",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10312.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"16515",title:"Dr.",name:"Robert",middleName:null,surname:"Gensure",slug:"robert-gensure",fullName:"Robert Gensure"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"251062",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Anca",middleName:null,surname:"Panaitescu",fullName:"Anca Panaitescu",slug:"anca-panaitescu",email:"panaitescu.anca@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null}]},book:{id:"10312",title:"Graves' Disease",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Graves' Disease",slug:"graves-disease",publishedDate:"December 1st 2021",bookSignature:"Robert Gensure",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10312.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"16515",title:"Dr.",name:"Robert",middleName:null,surname:"Gensure",slug:"robert-gensure",fullName:"Robert Gensure"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},ofsBook:{item:{type:"book",id:"11433",leadTitle:null,title:"Human Migration in the Last Three Centuries",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"
\r\n\tIn March 2022, another book on human migration seems important when the events or tragedies unfolding in Eastern Europe are considered. People have always migrated and have moved, but, specifically looking at the last three hundred years, involuntary migration is on the rise. Involuntary migration does not only affect Europe; Asia, Africa, and North as well as South America, have had their fair share of natural catastrophes, invasions, and wars. \r\n\tThis book will intend to look at different migrant patterns, voluntary and involuntary migration, over the last three centuries. What influenced people to leave their home countries, family, and friends and settle somewhere else? The book may include histories of the 19th century, consider tragedies and movements activated by political events in the 20th century, and/or look at recent events of the 21st century. Push and pull factors are important points. While most of us may be influenced in a negative way by the current happenings in Eastern Europe, the Russian invasion and resulting tragedies also demonstrate some very positive human traits – the preparedness of Ukraine’s surrounding countries to help those in need and to provide a safe place for the present. \r\n\tWhether one looks at voluntary or involuntary migration into any country, after a period of adjustment, migrants do play a positive role. The research found that migrants contribute to the economy (food, shelter, employment, tax) and enrich a country’s cultural norms. Prerequisites for successful settlements are that the host society adopts a tolerant approach and that the migrants recognize the law and the language of the host country. Nothing is ever easy or without controversy, but I am a migrant (German Australian), and life in Australia has been relatively harmonious. Issues that could be considered in the book are multicultural societies (do monocultural societies still exist?) and theories of acculturation versus integration (settlement processes). \r\n\tTwo further issues are very important in relation to human migration. There is climate change, global warming, and the environment, which clearly affect people’s movement. Small island populations are very concerned about rising sea levels. 2021 has also seen floods costing human lives: Turkey (August 2021), Brazil (December 2021), Chile (January 2021), and South India (November 2021), to name but a few. In Australia (March 2022), farms and whole townships in New South Wales and Queensland have been flooded for the second time in five years, and plans to resettle these towns are considered. Official and social media provide ample coverage of the events, which leads me to the next issue. There is today’s very important role of the media, of the official and social media. We are constantly bombarded with images of human war tragedies and flood victims. People in industrialized, western countries must be the best-informed populace. How far do the images and up-to-date TV news influence us, make us change our behavior, and perhaps even consider us more generous than we have been? \r\n\tClimate change and the media are relatively new to the human migration debate, but both issues play important parts, and some interesting discussions are appreciated. \r\n\t
",isbn:"978-1-80356-618-4",printIsbn:"978-1-80356-617-7",pdfIsbn:"978-1-80356-619-1",doi:null,price:0,priceEur:0,priceUsd:0,slug:null,numberOfPages:0,isOpenForSubmission:!0,isSalesforceBook:!1,isNomenclature:!1,hash:"9836df9e82aa9f82e3852a60204909a8",bookSignature:"Dr. Ingrid Muenstermann",publishedDate:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11433.jpg",keywords:"Voluntary Migration, Involuntary Migration, Push Factors, Pull Factors, Receiving Countries, Human Rights Violations, Migrants' Acculturation, Migrants' Integration, Young People's Movement, Climate Change, War, Psychological Consequences",numberOfDownloads:null,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:null,numberOfDimensionsCitations:null,numberOfTotalCitations:null,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"May 13th 2022",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"July 13th 2022",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"September 11th 2022",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"November 30th 2022",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"January 29th 2023",dateConfirmationOfParticipation:null,remainingDaysToSecondStep:"a month",secondStepPassed:!0,areRegistrationsClosed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,editedByType:null,kuFlag:!1,biosketch:"Dr. Ingrid Muenstermann is a Casual Academic at the College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, with a rich research background in relation to migration. For many years she worked as a secretary in the medical field. Still, she discovered the rewards of becoming an academic after achieving a Ph.D. in Social Sciences (Flinders University, Ph.D. supervisor Prof Robert Holton).",coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"77112",title:"Dr.",name:"Ingrid",middleName:null,surname:"Muenstermann",slug:"ingrid-muenstermann",fullName:"Ingrid Muenstermann",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/77112/images/system/77112.jpg",biography:"Ingrid Muenstermann was born in 1938 in Hamburg, Germany, and settled in Australia in 1973. For many years she worked as a secretary in the medical field, but discovered the rewards of becoming an academic after achieving a PhD in Social Sciences. She is a sociologist at heart and is casually employed at Flinders University of South Australia. Dr. Muenstermann has a special interest in all things equity. Of particular interest have been, and still are, new settlers to Australia with a special focus on German immigrants. The decline of the natural environment and increased societal self-interest led her to consider universal social responsibility. Lately the concept of aging and how to retire gracefully, that is, to maintain a certain standard of living, have been on her mind. She hopes to research different areas of life in the not too distant future.",institutionString:"Flinders University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"3",institution:{name:"Flinders University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Australia"}}}],coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"23",title:"Social Sciences",slug:"social-sciences"}],chapters:null,productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"466997",firstName:"Patricia",lastName:"Kerep",middleName:null,title:"Ms.",imageUrl:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/466997/images/21565_n.jpg",email:"patricia@intechopen.com",biography:"As an Author Service Manager my responsibilities include monitoring and facilitating all publishing activities for authors and editors. From chapter submission and review, to approval and revision, copyediting and design, until final publication, I work closely with authors and editors to ensure a simple and easy publishing process. I maintain constant and effective communication with authors, editors and reviewers, which allows for a level of personal support that enables contributors to fully"}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"5598",title:"People's Movements in the 21st Century",subtitle:"Risks, Challenges and Benefits",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"34b65e63d50ff8998006a76b46081adf",slug:"people-s-movements-in-the-21st-century-risks-challenges-and-benefits",bookSignature:"Ingrid Muenstermann",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5598.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"77112",title:"Dr.",name:"Ingrid",surname:"Muenstermann",slug:"ingrid-muenstermann",fullName:"Ingrid Muenstermann"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6630",title:"Social Responsibility",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2f6cc315119ed59e44cce41a717d6316",slug:"social-responsibility",bookSignature:"Ingrid Muenstermann",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6630.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"77112",title:"Dr.",name:"Ingrid",surname:"Muenstermann",slug:"ingrid-muenstermann",fullName:"Ingrid Muenstermann"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8090",title:"Who Wants to Retire and Who Can Afford to Retire?",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"90fe30d224594414bb156e42afa47f5e",slug:"who-wants-to-retire-and-who-can-afford-to-retire-",bookSignature:"Ingrid Muenstermann",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8090.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"77112",title:"Dr.",name:"Ingrid",surname:"Muenstermann",slug:"ingrid-muenstermann",fullName:"Ingrid Muenstermann"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6942",title:"Global Social Work",subtitle:"Cutting Edge Issues and Critical Reflections",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"222c8a66edfc7a4a6537af7565bcb3de",slug:"global-social-work-cutting-edge-issues-and-critical-reflections",bookSignature:"Bala Raju Nikku",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6942.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"263576",title:"Dr.",name:"Bala",surname:"Nikku",slug:"bala-nikku",fullName:"Bala Nikku"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6926",title:"Biological Anthropology",subtitle:"Applications and Case Studies",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5bbb192dffd37a257febf4acfde73bb8",slug:"biological-anthropology-applications-and-case-studies",bookSignature:"Alessio Vovlas",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6926.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"313084",title:"Dr.",name:"Alessio",surname:"Vovlas",slug:"alessio-vovlas",fullName:"Alessio Vovlas"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophile",surname:"Theophanides",slug:"theophile-theophanides",fullName:"Theophile Theophanides"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"35520",title:"Golden Age of Mass Tourism: Its History and Development",doi:"10.5772/37283",slug:"mass-tourism-its-history-and-development-in-the-golden-age",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/35520.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/35520",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/35520",totalDownloads:22083,totalViews:1270,totalCrossrefCites:10,totalDimensionsCites:13,totalAltmetricsMentions:0,introChapter:null,impactScore:11,impactScorePercentile:98,impactScoreQuartile:4,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:"June 1st 2011",dateReviewed:"January 23rd 2012",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"April 18th 2012",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/35520",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/35520",book:{id:"1852",slug:"visions-for-global-tourism-industry-creating-and-sustaining-competitive-strategies"},signatures:"Erkan Sezgin and Medet Yolal",authors:[{id:"112080",title:"Dr.",name:"Erkan",middleName:null,surname:"Sezgin",fullName:"Erkan Sezgin",slug:"erkan-sezgin",email:"esezgin@anadolu.edu.tr",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:{name:"Anadolu University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"140397",title:"Dr.",name:"Medet",middleName:null,surname:"Yolal",fullName:"Medet Yolal",slug:"medet-yolal",email:"myolal@anadolu.edu.tr",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:{name:"Anadolu University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"1852",type:"book",title:"Visions for Global Tourism Industry",subtitle:"Creating and Sustaining Competitive Strategies",fullTitle:"Visions for Global Tourism Industry - Creating and Sustaining Competitive Strategies",slug:"visions-for-global-tourism-industry-creating-and-sustaining-competitive-strategies",publishedDate:"April 18th 2012",bookSignature:"Murat Kasimoglu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1852.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-51-0520-6",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-5120-3",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",numberOfWosCitations:111,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"115863",title:"Dr.",name:"Murat",middleName:null,surname:"Kasimoglu",slug:"murat-kasimoglu",fullName:"Murat Kasimoglu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"445"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"35517",type:"chapter",title:"Sustainable Tourism – A Model Approach",slug:"sustainable-tourism-a-modeling-approach",totalDownloads:7187,totalCrossrefCites:8,signatures:"Leszek Butowski",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"114047",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Leszek",middleName:null,surname:"Butowski",fullName:"Leszek Butowski",slug:"leszek-butowski"}]},{id:"35518",type:"chapter",title:"Knowledge-Based Decisions in Tourism",slug:"knowledge-based-decisions-in-tourism",totalDownloads:2421,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Diana Târnăveanu",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"113554",title:"Dr.",name:"Diana",middleName:"Alexandra",surname:"Tarnaveanu",fullName:"Diana Tarnaveanu",slug:"diana-tarnaveanu"}]},{id:"35519",type:"chapter",title:"Introduction to Input-Output Framework for Analysis of Tourism as an Industry",slug:"input-output-modeling-as-a-tool-for-measurement-of-economic-impacts-of-tourism-as-an-industry",totalDownloads:7105,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Tadayuki (Tad) Hara",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"111309",title:"Dr.",name:"Tadayuki",middleName:null,surname:"Hara",fullName:"Tadayuki Hara",slug:"tadayuki-hara"}]},{id:"35520",type:"chapter",title:"Golden Age of Mass Tourism: Its History and Development",slug:"mass-tourism-its-history-and-development-in-the-golden-age",totalDownloads:22083,totalCrossrefCites:10,signatures:"Erkan Sezgin and Medet Yolal",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"112080",title:"Dr.",name:"Erkan",middleName:null,surname:"Sezgin",fullName:"Erkan Sezgin",slug:"erkan-sezgin"},{id:"140397",title:"Dr.",name:"Medet",middleName:null,surname:"Yolal",fullName:"Medet Yolal",slug:"medet-yolal"}]},{id:"35521",type:"chapter",title:"Recent Developments in Research and Future Directions of Culinary Tourism: A Review",slug:"recent-developments-in-research-and-future-directions-of-culinary-tourism-a-review-",totalDownloads:6563,totalCrossrefCites:6,signatures:"Ching-Shu Su and Jeou-Shyan Horng",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"115775",title:"PhD.",name:"Ching-Shu",middleName:null,surname:"Su",fullName:"Ching-Shu Su",slug:"ching-shu-su"}]},{id:"35522",type:"chapter",title:"Enterprise Proportionalities in the Tourism Sector of South African Towns",slug:"enterprise-proportionalities-in-the-tourism-sector-of-south-african-towns",totalDownloads:1714,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Daan Toerien",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"109200",title:"Dr.",name:"Daan",middleName:"Francois",surname:"Toerien",fullName:"Daan Toerien",slug:"daan-toerien"}]},{id:"35523",type:"chapter",title:"New Opportunities for the Tourism Market: Senior Tourism and Accessible Tourism",slug:"new-opportunities-for-the-tourism-market-senior-tourism-and-accessible-tourism",totalDownloads:16650,totalCrossrefCites:19,signatures:"Elisa Alén, Trinidad Domínguez and Nieves Losada",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"115524",title:"Dr.",name:"Elisa",middleName:null,surname:"Alen",fullName:"Elisa Alen",slug:"elisa-alen"},{id:"118677",title:"Dr.",name:"Trinidad",middleName:null,surname:"Dominguez",fullName:"Trinidad Dominguez",slug:"trinidad-dominguez"},{id:"118678",title:"MSc.",name:"Nieves",middleName:null,surname:"Losada",fullName:"Nieves Losada",slug:"nieves-losada"}]},{id:"35524",type:"chapter",title:"The Role of Time in the Global Tourism Market - A Demand Perspective",slug:"-the-role-of-time-in-the-global-tourism-market-a-demand-perspective",totalDownloads:2618,totalCrossrefCites:4,signatures:"Grzegorz Gołembski and Agnieszka Niezgoda",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"119760",title:"Dr.",name:null,middleName:null,surname:"Gotembski",fullName:"Gotembski",slug:"gotembski"}]},{id:"35525",type:"chapter",title:"Mature Tourist Destination: A New Tool to Forecast Internal Composition of Its Demand",slug:"mature-tourist-destination-a-new-tool-to-forecast-internal-composition-of-its-demand",totalDownloads:2672,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Montserrat Hernández-López",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"114413",title:"Dr.",name:"Montserrat",middleName:null,surname:"Hernandez-Lopez",fullName:"Montserrat Hernandez-Lopez",slug:"montserrat-hernandez-lopez"}]},{id:"35526",type:"chapter",title:"Security Measures on the International Tourism",slug:"security-measures-on-the-international-tourism-industry-",totalDownloads:2353,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Jesús E. Martínez Marín",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"111623",title:"Dr.",name:"Jesus",middleName:"Ezequiel",surname:"Martinez Marin",fullName:"Jesus Martinez Marin",slug:"jesus-martinez-marin"}]},{id:"35527",type:"chapter",title:"Heritages and Transformations of Agrarian Structures and the Rural Tourism Dynamic in the Czech Republic",slug:"inheritances-changes-in-agrarian-structures-and-rural-tourism-dynamics-in-czech-republic",totalDownloads:1473,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Pascal Chevalier",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"119530",title:"Dr.",name:"Chevalier",middleName:null,surname:"Pascal",fullName:"Chevalier Pascal",slug:"chevalier-pascal"}]},{id:"35528",type:"chapter",title:"Using Weather-Related Derivative Products for Tourism and Hospitality Businesses",slug:"using-weather-derivatives-for-tourism-and-hospitality-businesses-",totalDownloads:1924,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"M. Fuat Beyazit and Erdogan Koc",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"123323",title:"Dr.",name:"Fuat",middleName:null,surname:"Beyazit",fullName:"Fuat Beyazit",slug:"fuat-beyazit"},{id:"137258",title:"Dr.",name:"Erdogan",middleName:null,surname:"Koc",fullName:"Erdogan Koc",slug:"erdogan-koc"}]},{id:"35529",type:"chapter",title:"Tourism Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): Proposal of a New Methodological Framework for Sustainable Consumption and Production",slug:"tourism-life-cycle-assessment-lca-a-new-methodological-framework-for-sustainable-consumption-and-pro",totalDownloads:6948,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Camillo De Camillis, Paul Peeters, Luigia Petti and Andrea Raggi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"120456",title:"Dr.",name:"Camillo",middleName:null,surname:"De Camillis",fullName:"Camillo De Camillis",slug:"camillo-de-camillis"},{id:"120458",title:"Prof.",name:"Paul",middleName:null,surname:"Peeters",fullName:"Paul Peeters",slug:"paul-peeters"},{id:"120459",title:"Prof.",name:"Luigia",middleName:null,surname:"Petti",fullName:"Luigia Petti",slug:"luigia-petti"},{id:"120460",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Raggi",fullName:"Andrea Raggi",slug:"andrea-raggi"}]},{id:"35530",type:"chapter",title:"Economic Impact of Tourism - A Review of Literatures on Methodologies and Their Uses: 1969-2011",slug:"economic-impact-of-tourism-a-review-of-literatures-on-methodologies-and-their-uses-1969-2009",totalDownloads:8180,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Mohammad Nurul Huda Mazumder, Abdullah Al-Mamun, Abul Quasem Al-Amin and Muhammad Mohiuddin",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"118439",title:"Mr.",name:"Mohammad",middleName:null,surname:"Mazumder",fullName:"Mohammad Mazumder",slug:"mohammad-mazumder"},{id:"138029",title:"Mr.",name:"Abdullah",middleName:null,surname:"Al-Mamun",fullName:"Abdullah Al-Mamun",slug:"abdullah-al-mamun"},{id:"138030",title:"Dr.",name:"Abul Quasem",middleName:null,surname:"Al-Amin",fullName:"Abul Quasem Al-Amin",slug:"abul-quasem-al-amin"},{id:"138031",title:"Mr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Mohiuddin",fullName:"Muhammad Mohiuddin",slug:"muhammad-mohiuddin"}]},{id:"35531",type:"chapter",title:"Carrying Capacity of Tourism System: Assessment of Environmental and Management Constraints Towards Sustainability",slug:"carrying-capacity-of-tourism-system-assessment-of-environmental-and-management-constraints-towards-s",totalDownloads:4994,totalCrossrefCites:7,signatures:"Valentina Castellani and Serenella Sala",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"119162",title:"Dr.",name:"Serenella",middleName:null,surname:"Sala",fullName:"Serenella Sala",slug:"serenella-sala"},{id:"119278",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",middleName:null,surname:"Castellani",fullName:"Valentina Castellani",slug:"valentina-castellani"}]},{id:"35532",type:"chapter",title:"Reputational Damage to Tourism Industry from Earthquakes - Impact and Analysis of Mass Media Information",slug:"harmful-rumor-on-tourism-industry-caused-by-earthquake-impact-of-mass-media-information-and-analysis",totalDownloads:3787,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Mitsuyoshi Nagao and Azuma Ohuchi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"116129",title:"Dr.",name:"Mitsuyoshi",middleName:null,surname:"Nagao",fullName:"Mitsuyoshi Nagao",slug:"mitsuyoshi-nagao"}]},{id:"35533",type:"chapter",title:"The Tourist Potential of the Minho-Lima Region (Portugal)",slug:"the-tourism-potential-of-the-minho-lima-northern-portugal-region-",totalDownloads:2235,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"José Cadima Ribeiro and Laurentina Cruz Vareiro",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"115965",title:"Prof.",name:"José",middleName:null,surname:"Cadima Ribeiro",fullName:"José Cadima Ribeiro",slug:"jose-cadima-ribeiro"},{id:"118377",title:"PhD.",name:"Laurentina",middleName:"Maria Da Cruz",surname:"Vareiro",fullName:"Laurentina Vareiro",slug:"laurentina-vareiro"}]},{id:"35534",type:"chapter",title:"Long-Term Impacts of Non-Sustainable Tourism and Urban Development in Small Tropical Islands Coastal Habitats in a Changing Climate: Lessons Learned from Puerto Rico",slug:"long-term-impacts-of-non-sustainable-tourism-and-urban-development-in-tropical-coastal-habitats-in-a",totalDownloads:5343,totalCrossrefCites:8,signatures:"Edwin A. Hernández- Delgado, Carlos E. Ramos-Scharrón, Carmen R. Guerrero-Pérez, Mary Ann Lucking, Ricardo Laureano, Pablo A. Méndez-Lázaro and Joel O. Meléndez-Díaz",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"105547",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Ramos-Scharron",fullName:"Carlos Ramos-Scharron",slug:"carlos-ramos-scharron"},{id:"108403",title:"Dr.",name:"Edwin",middleName:null,surname:"Hernandez- Delgado",fullName:"Edwin Hernandez- Delgado",slug:"edwin-hernandez-delgado"},{id:"118359",title:"BSc.",name:"Mary Ann",middleName:null,surname:"Lucking",fullName:"Mary Ann Lucking",slug:"mary-ann-lucking"},{id:"118360",title:"Mr.",name:"Ricardo",middleName:null,surname:"Laureano",fullName:"Ricardo Laureano",slug:"ricardo-laureano"},{id:"151525",title:"MSc.",name:"Carmen",middleName:null,surname:"Guerrero-Perez",fullName:"Carmen Guerrero-Perez",slug:"carmen-guerrero-perez"},{id:"151526",title:"Dr.",name:"Pablo",middleName:null,surname:"Mendez-Lazaro",fullName:"Pablo Mendez-Lazaro",slug:"pablo-mendez-lazaro"}]},{id:"35535",type:"chapter",title:"Nautical Tourism and Its Function in the Economic Development of Europe",slug:"nautical-tourism-in-the-function-of-the-economic-development-of-europe",totalDownloads:6130,totalCrossrefCites:18,signatures:"Tihomir Luković",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"115398",title:"Dr.",name:"Tihomir",middleName:null,surname:"Lukovic",fullName:"Tihomir Lukovic",slug:"tihomir-lukovic"}]},{id:"35536",type:"chapter",title:"Sustainability in the Management of World Cultural Heritage",slug:"sustainability-in-the-management-of-world-cultural-heritage",totalDownloads:3249,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Devi Roza Kausar",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"114864",title:"Dr.",name:"Devi",middleName:null,surname:"Kausar",fullName:"Devi Kausar",slug:"devi-kausar"}]},{id:"35537",type:"chapter",title:"Tourism in Rural Areas: Foundation, Quality and Experience",slug:"tourism-in-rural-areas-foundation-quality-and-experience",totalDownloads:4186,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Sandra Maria Correia Loureiro",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"112943",title:"Prof.",name:"Sandra",middleName:"Maria Correia",surname:"Loureiro",fullName:"Sandra Loureiro",slug:"sandra-loureiro"}]},{id:"35538",type:"chapter",title:"Islands and Tourism Development: A Viewpoint of Tourism Stakeholders of Lesvos Island",slug:"islands-and-tourism-development-a-viewpoint-of-tourism-stakeholders-of-lesvos-island-greece",totalDownloads:3989,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Kostas Rontos, Eleni Kitrinou, Dimitrios Lagos and Mihail Diakomihalis",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"111311",title:"Prof.",name:"Kostas",middleName:null,surname:"Rontos",fullName:"Kostas Rontos",slug:"kostas-rontos"},{id:"111729",title:"Prof.",name:"Mihail",middleName:null,surname:"Diakomihalis",fullName:"Mihail Diakomihalis",slug:"mihail-diakomihalis"},{id:"117320",title:"Dr.",name:"Eleni",middleName:null,surname:"Kitrinou",fullName:"Eleni Kitrinou",slug:"eleni-kitrinou"},{id:"117322",title:"Prof.",name:"Dimitrios",middleName:null,surname:"Lagos",fullName:"Dimitrios Lagos",slug:"dimitrios-lagos"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"2298",title:"Strategies for Tourism Industry",subtitle:"Micro and Macro Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"756704471c1209186b420f9985bd4fa6",slug:"strategies-for-tourism-industry-micro-and-macro-perspectives",bookSignature:"Murat Kasimoglu and Handan Aydin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2298.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"115863",title:"Dr.",name:"Murat",surname:"Kasimoglu",slug:"murat-kasimoglu",fullName:"Murat Kasimoglu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"35706",title:"Guidebooks and the Representation of 'Other' Places",slug:"guidebooks-and-the-representation-of-other-places",signatures:"Bouke van Gorp",authors:[{id:"117128",title:"Dr.",name:"Bouke",middleName:null,surname:"Van Gorp",fullName:"Bouke Van Gorp",slug:"bouke-van-gorp"}]},{id:"35707",title:"The Dynamics of Temporary Jobs in the Tourism Industry",slug:"working-career-progress-in-the-tourism-industry-temp-to-perm-transitions-in-spain",signatures:"Fernando Muñoz-Bullón",authors:[{id:"116611",title:"Prof.",name:"Fernando",middleName:null,surname:"Munoz-Bullon",fullName:"Fernando Munoz-Bullon",slug:"fernando-munoz-bullon"}]},{id:"35708",title:"The Importance of Hypertext in the Tourist Destination Choice from Web Sites",slug:"the-importance-of-hypertext-in-the-tourist-destination-choice-from-web-sites",signatures:"Raúl Valdez M. Ph.D",authors:[{id:"111279",title:"Dr.",name:"Raul",middleName:null,surname:"Valdez",fullName:"Raul Valdez",slug:"raul-valdez"}]},{id:"35709",title:"Sustainable Tourism in Aragon, a Case of a Spanish Inside Region",slug:"sustainable-tourism-in-aragon-a-case-of-a-spanish-inside-region-",signatures:"Victoria Sanagustin Fons, Jose Antonio Mosene Fierro, Maria Gomez y Patino and Laura Arena Luna",authors:[{id:"114739",title:"Prof.",name:"Jose Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Moseñe",fullName:"Jose Antonio Moseñe",slug:"jose-antonio-mosene"},{id:"150433",title:"Dr.",name:"Mª Victoria",middleName:null,surname:"Sanagustin",fullName:"Mª Victoria Sanagustin",slug:"ma-victoria-sanagustin"},{id:"150434",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria",middleName:null,surname:"Gomez",fullName:"Maria Gomez",slug:"maria-gomez"},{id:"150435",title:"Mrs.",name:"Laura",middleName:"Fani",surname:"Arena Luna",fullName:"Laura Arena Luna",slug:"laura-arena-luna"}]},{id:"35710",title:"A Model for Assessing the Level of Tourism Impacts and Sustainability of Coastal Cities",slug:"a-model-for-assessing-the-level-of-tourism-impacts-and-sustainability-of-coastal-cities",signatures:"Beser Oktay Vehbi",authors:[{id:"117933",title:"Dr.",name:"Beser",middleName:null,surname:"Oktay Vehbi",fullName:"Beser Oktay Vehbi",slug:"beser-oktay-vehbi"}]},{id:"35711",title:"Introduction to Tourism Satellite Accounts",slug:"tourism-satellite-accounts-as-a-de-jure-universal-tool-for-measurement-of-tourism-as-an-industry",signatures:"Tadayuki (Tad) Hara",authors:[{id:"111309",title:"Dr.",name:"Tadayuki",middleName:null,surname:"Hara",fullName:"Tadayuki Hara",slug:"tadayuki-hara"}]},{id:"35712",title:"What Women Want: Hotel Characteristics Preferences of Women Travellers",slug:"what-women-want-hotel-characteristics-preferences-of-women-travellers",signatures:"Azizan Marzuki, Tan Lay Chin and Arman Abdul Razak",authors:[{id:"111261",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Azizan",middleName:null,surname:"Marzuki",fullName:"Azizan Marzuki",slug:"azizan-marzuki"},{id:"118609",title:"Ms.",name:"Lay Chin",middleName:null,surname:"Tan",fullName:"Lay Chin Tan",slug:"lay-chin-tan"},{id:"118610",title:"Mr.",name:"Arman",middleName:null,surname:"Abdul Razak",fullName:"Arman Abdul Razak",slug:"arman-abdul-razak"}]},{id:"35713",title:"New Challenges for Tourism Destination Management in Romania",slug:"new-challenges-for-tourism-destination-management-in-romania",signatures:"Gabriela Tigu",authors:[{id:"119493",title:"Dr.",name:"Gabriela",middleName:null,surname:"Tigu",fullName:"Gabriela Tigu",slug:"gabriela-tigu"}]},{id:"35714",title:"Value Creation in Experience-Based Networks: A Case Study of Sport-Events in Europe",slug:"value-creation-in-experience-based-networks-a-case-study-of-sport-events-in-europe",signatures:"Nina Katrine Prebensen",authors:[{id:"115904",title:"Prof.",name:"Nina Katrine",middleName:null,surname:"Prebensen",fullName:"Nina Katrine Prebensen",slug:"nina-katrine-prebensen"}]},{id:"35715",title:"The Role and Importance of Cultural Tourism in Modern Tourism Industry",slug:"the-role-and-importance-of-cultural-tourism-in-modern-tourism-industry",signatures:"Janos Csapo",authors:[{id:"118766",title:"Dr.",name:"János",middleName:null,surname:"Csapó",fullName:"János Csapó",slug:"janos-csapo"}]},{id:"35716",title:"World Heritage Listing and Implications for Tourism - The Case of Hue, Vietnam",slug:"world-heritage-listing-and-implications-for-tourism-the-case-of-hue-vietnam",signatures:"Jo Vu and Quynh-Du Ton-That",authors:[{id:"118444",title:"Dr.",name:"Jo",middleName:null,surname:"Vu",fullName:"Jo Vu",slug:"jo-vu"}]},{id:"35717",title:"Cultural Districts, Tourism and Sustainability",slug:"cultural-districts-tourism-and-sustainability",signatures:"Giulio Maggiore and Immacolata Vellecco",authors:[{id:"118072",title:"Dr.",name:"Immacolata",middleName:null,surname:"Vellecco",fullName:"Immacolata Vellecco",slug:"immacolata-vellecco"},{id:"118597",title:"Dr.",name:"Giulio",middleName:null,surname:"Maggiore",fullName:"Giulio Maggiore",slug:"giulio-maggiore"}]},{id:"35718",title:"The Bottom-Up Approach of Community-Based Ethnic Tourism: A Case Study in Chiang Rai",slug:"the-bottom-up-approach-of-community-based-ethnic-tourism-a-case-study-in-chiang-rai",signatures:"Polladach Theerapappisit",authors:[{id:"111426",title:"Dr.",name:"Polladach",middleName:null,surname:"Theerapappisit",fullName:"Polladach Theerapappisit",slug:"polladach-theerapappisit"}]},{id:"35719",title:"Modern Cableways - The Base of Mountain Sports Tourism",slug:"modern-cableways-the-base-of-mountain-sports-tourism",signatures:"Sergej Težak",authors:[{id:"117845",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergej",middleName:null,surname:"Tezak",fullName:"Sergej Tezak",slug:"sergej-tezak"}]},{id:"35720",title:"Exploring the Energy-Saving and Carbon Reduction Literacy of Restaurant Employees",slug:"exploring-energy-saving-and-carbon-reduction-literacy-of-restaurant-employees",signatures:"Meng-Lei Hu, Jeou-Shyan Horng, Chih-Ching Teng and Sheng-Fang Chou",authors:[{id:"116323",title:"Prof.",name:"Meng-Lei",middleName:null,surname:"Hu",fullName:"Meng-Lei Hu",slug:"meng-lei-hu"},{id:"116329",title:"Prof.",name:"Jeou-Shyan",middleName:null,surname:"Horng",fullName:"Jeou-Shyan Horng",slug:"jeou-shyan-horng"},{id:"116330",title:"Dr.",name:"Chih-Ching",middleName:null,surname:"Teng",fullName:"Chih-Ching Teng",slug:"chih-ching-teng"},{id:"116332",title:"Mr.",name:"Sheng-Fang",middleName:null,surname:"Chou",fullName:"Sheng-Fang Chou",slug:"sheng-fang-chou"}]},{id:"35721",title:"The Early Stages of Historical Documentation and Modern Archives in Jerusalem Society at the End of the Ottoman Period",slug:"the-early-stages-of-historical-documentation-and-modern-archives-in-jerusalem-society-at-the-end-of-",signatures:"Oded Shay",authors:[{id:"135845",title:"Dr.",name:"Oded",middleName:null,surname:"Shay",fullName:"Oded Shay",slug:"oded-shay"}]},{id:"35722",title:'The Changes in Rural and Forest Landscape and Their Use in the Slovenian Alps in the Last Centuries - A "Back to Nature" Tourism with Impacts, a Case of Western Capercaillie',slug:"the-changes-in-rural-and-forest-land-as-a-consequence-of-a-human-activities-in-alps-in-last-centurie",signatures:"Miran Čas",authors:[{id:"116782",title:"Dr.",name:"Miran",middleName:null,surname:"Cas",fullName:"Miran Cas",slug:"miran-cas"}]},{id:"35723",title:"An Approach of Co-Design in Mobile Services in Luxembourg Tourism Context",slug:"an-approach-of-co-design-in-mobile-services-in-luxembourg-tourism-context-",signatures:"Eric Miglioranzo, Damien Nicolas and Pierre Brimont",authors:[{id:"118274",title:"Mr.",name:"Damien",middleName:null,surname:"Nicolas",fullName:"Damien Nicolas",slug:"damien-nicolas"},{id:"119772",title:"Mr.",name:"Pierre",middleName:null,surname:"Brimont",fullName:"Pierre Brimont",slug:"pierre-brimont"}]}]}],publishedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"6180",title:"Positive and Negative Aspects of Outsourcing",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bbb23ab7b6c01663b1764d8374602a00",slug:"positive-and-negative-aspects-of-outsourcing",bookSignature:"Mário Franco",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6180.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"105529",title:"Dr.",name:"Mário",surname:"Franco",slug:"mario-franco",fullName:"Mário Franco"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7570",title:"Strategic Management",subtitle:"a Dynamic View",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f64ac900c22d892e48ff84a23668f124",slug:"strategic-management-a-dynamic-view",bookSignature:"Okechukwu Lawrence Emeagwali",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7570.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"196317",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Okechukwu Lawrence",surname:"Emeagwali",slug:"okechukwu-lawrence-emeagwali",fullName:"Okechukwu Lawrence Emeagwali"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"232",title:"Supply Chain Management",subtitle:"Applications and Simulations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b691bc5f6d9e959c3472eb2610e9d98f",slug:"supply-chain-management-applications-and-simulations",bookSignature:"Mamun Habib",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/232.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"12501",title:"Prof.",name:"Dr. Md. Mamun",surname:"Habib",slug:"dr.-md.-mamun-habib",fullName:"Dr. Md. Mamun Habib"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"275",title:"Supply Chain Management",subtitle:"New Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4916452247f0dca332b9c5ce44186819",slug:"supply-chain-management-new-perspectives",bookSignature:"Sanda Renko",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/275.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"40806",title:"Prof.",name:"Sanda",surname:"Renko",slug:"sanda-renko",fullName:"Sanda Renko"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"471",title:"The Economic Geography of Globalization",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"the-economic-geography-of-globalization",bookSignature:"Piotr Pachura",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/471.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"33832",title:"Prof.",name:"Piotr",surname:"Pachura",slug:"piotr-pachura",fullName:"Piotr Pachura"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],publishedBooksByAuthor:[]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"68900",title:"Ground Forest Inventory and Assessment of Carbon Stocks in Sierra Leone, West Africa",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.88950",slug:"ground-forest-inventory-and-assessment-of-carbon-stocks-in-sierra-leone-west-africa",body:'
1. Introduction
Forest and woodland (tree and shrub savannah, parklands and bush fallows [1]) are renewable natural resources providing basic human necessities [2, 3]. Although both ecosystems are wooded habitats where trees predominate [3], the former consists of closed canopy [4, 5] which permits very little sunlight to penetrate to the ground below, while the later has a more open canopy [5] and its sparse woody mid-storey allows more sunlight to reach the ground [4]. They have the ability to sequester carbon and mitigate climate change [6]. Forest ecosystems are mostly viable carbon sinks [6, 7] globally due to net growth in planted trees [7] with the majority of sequestered carbon held in woody biomass [8] but can also be a carbon source when degraded [7]. The rainforest of West Africa, a hotspot of biodiversity, has approximately 9000 species of vascular plant, including 1800 endemic species [8, 9] and an estimated area of 621,705 km2. This forest area declines every year through anthropogenic activities [1] and natural disasters such as landslides, earthquakes and flooding [10].
Forest resource assessment in relation to timber volume [11, 12, 13] and carbon stocks [14, 15] provides information about the status of the productivity of the forest. This assessment is traditionally done through ground forest inventory. Forest assessment is very important for decision-making and policy formulation [11] and establishment of sustainable management plans at both national and international levels.
The objective of the study was to estimate timber resources and carbon stock using simple hand tools in Kasewe and Singamba forests in the southern part of Sierra Leone.
2. Materials and methods
2.1 Sampling design
2.1.1 Method of sampling in Kasewe plantation forest
A systematic sampling design was established for conducting timber inventory in this plantation forest at the age of 14 years. A trunk road (Bo-Freetown highway at Moyamba Junction) passing through the forest served as the baseline.
In the Gmelina arborea stand, three transects, 40 m apart and at right angle to the baseline—the Bo-Freetown Highway—were established; and every transect was 75 m long. Two square plots, 30 × 30 m, were demarcated along each transect at an interval of 5 m, making sure that each plot was bisected by its corresponding transect and the first plot was located 5 m away from the baseline. The plots were considered to be representative of the stand [15]. For the purpose of this research, a total of six plots were laid out covering a sampling area of 0.54 ha (Figure 1) in the Gmelina stand.
Figure 1.
Plot layout and dimensions in systematic sampling design.
This method was replicated in the adjacent Tectona grandis stand about 100 m away from the Gmelina stand, giving a total of 12 plots. The above sampling design is demonstrated in the forest as shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Photograph of plot layout in Kasewe plantation forest.
2.1.2 Sampling design in Singamba natural forest
Within the Singamba mixed forest, two vegetation communities or ecology types, namely, secondary forest (aged over 5 years after its last farming disturbance) and forest regrowth (resulting from shifting cultivation farming about 2–5 years ago), adjacent to each other, were identified for data collection. Systematic sampling was employed for this study area. Circular plots of radius of 10 m were adopted for data collection. These have the advantage of reducing the edge effect in the sample. Using an existing footpath as a baseline, two quadrants, 100 m by 80 m and 100 m by 60 m, respectively, were demarcated; a total of 20 plots, 12 and 8 plots in the respective quadrants, was laid out systematically on transects that were 25 m apart (Figure 3) in each ecology type.
Figure 3.
Plot layout in Singamba natural forest.
2.2 Data collection
2.2.1 Data collection in Kasewe plantation forest
All trees within each plot were measured for diameter at breast height (DBH) at 1.3 m above the ground, and three dominant trees were measured for total height. A minimum of 10 cm DBH [16, 17] was considered for a tree to be enumerated, targeting commercial stems. Tree height was measured using a Suunto hypsometer, and DBH was measured using a diameter tape. A linear function of DBH and height (Figure 4) was developed from the data for dominant trees for estimating the height of the remaining trees not measured in the field.
Figure 4.
Linear function for estimating tree height of Gmelina at Kesewe plantation forest. Note: y → tree height (m), x → DBH (cm).
Bark thickness of all sample trees in every plot was measured in both the Gmelina and Tectona stands. In the absence of a Swedish bark gauge, a knife and a ruler were used to measure the bark thickness of the trees in the sample plots. The knife was used to cut a small square portion of the bark at the point of measurement for DBH. This was done carefully, and the bark removed was measured in millimetres using a ruler.
2.2.2 Data collection in Singamba natural forest
In each circular plot located in both secondary forest and forest regrowth (within the natural forest), tree or shrub species of a minimum DBH of 10 cm was identified by a local tree spotter in the Mende language; this was recorded and later translated to botanical name using Trees of Sierra Leone [18] and further verified from [19]. Diameter measurement was taken for all trees 10 cm and above at 1.3 m above ground level in each plot. The total height of three dominant trees was also measured in every plot.
2.3 Data analysis
2.3.1 Kasewe plantation forest
For the estimation of tree yield (stem count, basal area and volume), biomass and carbon non-harvest techniques [4] were adopted for the following parameters:
Basal area
Volume over bark
Standing biomass
Carbon stock in standing trees
2.3.1.1 Yield parameters
A linear function was first developed (from the dominant trees) for estimating the height of all the trees not measured for height in the field.
2.3.1.1.1 Stem count
The DBH tally was used to determine stand density for the standing trees [20, 21, 22]:
N=1/n∑xi/aiE1
where N is number of stems per ha, n is number of plots, xi is number of stems in plot and ai is area of plot i in ha.
2.3.1.1.2 Basal area calculation
The basal area (m2) of all trees in the sample plots in both the G. arborea and T. grandis stands were calculated using the formula [23, 24]:
G=∑∑πdi2/40,000/AE2
where G is basal area per hectare and A and di are the total sampling area (ha) and DBH (cm) of stem i, respectively.
2.3.1.1.3 Volume estimation of trees per hectare
The volume (m3) of all trees in the sample plots in both the T. grandis and G. arborea stands was estimated using separate predetermined allometric equations, initially in m3 per tree and then converted to m3 ha−1. For G. arborea, the volume over bark (ob) was estimated by the following volume equation according to Mattia and Dugba [25]:
Volumeob:V=0.24950005+0.000018027DBH2htE3
(Note: Eq. (1) is applied best to trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm)
Volume under bark (ob) was estimated from DBH under bark.
For T. grandis the volume (ob) was estimated according to [26]:
V=0.0012DBH1.9912E4
where V = total volume over bark in m3, DBH = tree diameter at breast height, 1.3 m aboveground level in cm and ht = total height in m.
2.3.1.2 Estimation of live tree biomass and carbon stock for Gmelina arborea stand
For the purpose of this study, biomass carbon has been considered and studied for only trees of minimum DBH of 10 cm in both natural and plantation forests. The accumulated biomass and carbon contained in the standing trees of G. arborea were estimated by individual trees and by plots.
2.3.1.2.1 Aboveground biomass
To estimate the aboveground biomass (AGB), the equation according to Arias [27] was adopted for Gmelina, initially in kg per tree:
AGB=0.075∗DBH2.4167E5
Then, it was converted to tonne ha−1 (t ha−1) after multiplying by a scaling up factor (SF) [28]: SF = 10,000/NA; NA is the area of single plot in m2.
SF=10,000/NA=10,000/900
2.3.1.2.2 Belowground biomass
The belowground biomass (BGB) was estimated according to the recommendation of the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) [28]:
BGB=AGB∗0.235,i.e.23.5%ofAGB.E6
Total biomass=AGB+BGBintha−1E7
2.3.1.2.3 Carbon stock for Gmelina arborea
Carbon (C) stock was derived from aboveground biomass by assuming that nearly 50% of the biomass is made up by carbon [28, 29, 30].
C=Biomasstha−1∗0.47.E8
CO2 was calculated as follows:
CO2=CarbontCha−1∗44/12.E9
2.3.1.3 Estimation of live tree biomass and carbon for Tectona grandis
The AGB for teak was estimated using a method similar to that for Gmelina but adopting the following equation for initial estimate [26]:
AGB=0.5043∗DBH2.0636E10
The BGB, total biomass, carbon stock and CO2 for teak were calculated according to Eqs. (6)–(9), respectively.
2.3.2 Data analysis for Singamba forest
2.3.2.1 Wood production parameters
The quantitative metric data was used to estimate three parameters for wood production: the number of stems ha−1 (N), basal area ha−1 (G) and wood volume ha−1 (V).
2.3.2.1.1 Number of stems ha−1
This was estimated using Eq. (1) (Section 2.3.1.1)
This was estimated using the formulae according to Eqs. (12) and (13) [23]; a form factor of 0.562 from Mattia and Dugba [25] for natural mangrove forest (comprised of seven mangrove species) in Tanzania was employed:
V=∑∑vij/naE11
vij=gihifE12
where V = average volume ha−1 in m3 estimated from n sample plots, vίj = volume (m3) of individual standing tree measured on the ίth plot, gi = basal area (m2) of jth stem in the ith plot, n = number of sample plots, a = area of a single plot in ha, hi = total height (m) of jth stem and f is form factor, i.e. the coefficient employed to reduce the volume of a cylinder.
2.3.2.2 Estimation of live tree biomass and carbon stock for Singamba rainforest
The following equation was adopted for estimating biomass of the natural forest [31]:
AGB=0.0547∗DBH2.2148∗Ht0.6131E13
And the scaling factor applied was 10,000/(314.16).
The calculation of BGB, AGC, BGC, total biomass and total carbon followed the same method as that for Kasewe plantation forest (Section 2.3.1.2; definitions of all terms remain the same as before).
2.3.3 Statistical analysis
The above tree parameters were calculated using Excel software. Means, standard deviations, variances, standard errors and confidence intervals [32, 33] for various wood production parameters were computed. Relationships between basal area and wood volume, between basal area and total biomass and between total biomass and carbon stock, were determined using regression analysis.
3. Results
3.1 Kasewe plantation forest
3.1.1 Wood volume
The mean DBH and height are shown in Table 1. The overall mean wood volume of Kasewe plantation forest was 151.06 m3 ha−1; the mean volumes over bark for G. arborea and T. grandis were 157.88 and 144.23 m3 ha−1, respectively (Table 1).
Species
Mean DBH (cm)
Mean height (m)
M. BA (m2 ha−1)
Wood volume ob (m3 ha−1)
M. D. DBH (cm)
M. D. ht (m)
Stem count (stem ha−1)
G. arborea
29.01
20.34
18.73 (±1.28)
157.88 (±10.42)
43.97
24.01
264
T. grandis
21.56
15.81
9.71 (±0.79)
144.23 (±11.67)
35.4
20.44
240
Plantation
25.38
18.13
14.22
151.06
39.7
22.23
253
Table 1.
Wood production parameters for Kasewe plantation forest.
Values in the table are means ± CI = confidence interval at 95%. M. BA is mean basal area; M. D. DBH is mean dominant diameter at breast height; M. D. ht is mean dominant height; ob is over bark; ub is under bark.
The volume of wood for Gmelina was recorded by plots (Figure 5).
Figure 5.
Volume of Gmelina by plots at Kasewe plantation forest.
The percentage of volume (ob) of Tectona generated by plots is given in Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Percentage volume (ob) of Tectona by plots at Kasewe plantation forest.
3.1.2 Stem count and basal area
The stem density of the plantation forest at Kasewe was 253 stems per ha; 264 and 240 stems per ha were recorded for Gmelina and Tectona stands, respectively (Table 1).
The mean basal area of the Kasewe plantation forest was 14.22 m2 ha−1 (Table 1).
3.1.3 Relationship among different growth parameters
The number of Gmelina stems enumerated was 143, with a minimum DBH of 13.80 cm and maximum of 52.90 cm; and the tree height ranged from 16.61 to 26.20 m. A positive and linear correlation was found between the wood volume of G. arborea and the basal area (Figure 7), which implies that the basal area is a good predictor of volume (R2 = 0.9937). The basal area explains 99% of the variation in volume.
Figure 7.
Linear correlation between basal area and volume of G. arborea standing trees of Kasewe plantation forest.
Similar to the volume, the total biomass of trees varied positively and linearly with variation in its basal area (Figure 8). The basal area explains slightly higher proportion (i.e. 99.5%) of variation recorded in total biomass than the volume.
Figure 8.
Linear correlation between basal area and biomass of G. arborea trees at Kasewe plantation forest.
The carbon stock of trees of G. arborea varied positively and linearly with variation in its total biomass (Figure 9). The biomass explains the highest proportion (i.e. 100%) of variation recorded in total carbon stock, denoting perfect and positive correlation.
Figure 9.
Perfect and positive linear correlation between total biomass and carbon stock of G. arborea trees at Kasewe plantation forest.
3.1.4 Accumulated biomass and carbon in Gmelina trees
The estimated net biomass of the stems and roots (total biomass) ranges from 51 to 136 tonne ha−1 with a mean of 94.26 tonne ha−1; the carbon stock ranges from 24 to 64 tonne ha−1 with a mean of 19 tonne ha−1; and the CO2 sequestered ranges from 72 to 190 tonne ha−1 with a mean of 131.21 tonne ha−1 (Table 2).
Plots
DBH (cm)
Height (m)
AGB (t ha−1)
BGB (t ha−1)
Total biomass (t ha−1)
Carbon stock (t ha−1)
CO2 (t ha−1)
1
26.33
19.69
30.75
7.23
37.97
17.85
52.98
2
29.70
20.51
65.42
15.37
80.80
37.97
112.75
3
32.98
21.32
104.94
24.66
129.60
60.91
180.84
4
30.00
20.59
73.38
17.24
90.62
42.59
126.45
5
26.26
19.67
61.39
14.43
75.82
35.63
105.79
6
28.14
20.13
122.08
28.69
150.77
70.86
210.39
Total
173.41
121.91
457.95
107.60
565.57
265.82
789.21
Mean
29.0
20.34
76.33 ±34.30
17.94 ±8.06
94.26 ±42.36
44.30 ±19.91
131.53 ±59.11
Table 2.
Biomass and carbon stock in standing trees of Gmelina arborea of Kasewe plantation forest.
Values in the table are mean ± CI = confidence interval at 95%; AGB = aboveground biomass; BGB = belowground biomass; Av = average per plot.
3.1.5 Accumulated biomass and carbon in teak trees at Kasewe plantation forest
As in the case of G. arborea, the accumulated biomass and carbon contained in the standing trees of teak were estimated by individual trees and by plots. The estimated total biomass ranges from 47 to 141 tonne ha−1 with a mean of 94 tonne ha−1; the carbon stock ranges from 22 to 66 tonne ha−1 with a mean of 44 tonne ha−1; and the CO2 sequestered ranges from 66 to 197 tonne ha−1 with a mean of 131 tonne ha−1 (Table 3).
Plot
DBH (cm)
Height (m)
AGB (t ha−1)
BGB (t ha−1)
Total biomass (t ha−1)
Carbon stock (t ha−1)
CO2 (t ha−1)
1
19.16
14.86
26.17
6.15
32.31
15.19
45.09
2
21.90
15.95
64.39
15.13
79.52
37.37
110.96
3
24.32
16.90
101.56
23.87
125.43
58.95
175.02
4
22.54
16.20
70.91
16.66
87.58
41.16
122.20
5
19.15
14.86
64.91
15.25
80.17
37.68
111.87
6
21.36
15.73
131.62
30.93
162.55
76.40
226.82
Total
128.43
94.50
459.56
108.0
567.55
266.75
791.97
Mean
21.41
15.75
76.59 ±37.87
18.00 ±8.90
94.59 ±46.77
44.46 ±21.98
131.99 ±65.27
Table 3.
Biomass and carbon stock in standing trees of teak of Kasewe plantation forest.
Values in the table are mean ± CI = confidence interval at 95%; AGB = aboveground biomass; BGB = belowground biomass; Av = average per plot.
3.1.6 Estimation of wood volume, biomass and carbon stock in standing trees of teak of Kasewe plantation forest
Estimation of volume, biomass and carbon stock using DBH and height was highly significant (p = 0.000 < 0.0001) according to ANOVA of the regression, which implies that variability in volume or biomass was regulated by the independent variables of DBH and height. From the model summary table, R2 is 0.998 meaning that 99.8% of the variability in carbon stock was accounted for.
3.2 Results for Singamba natural forest
3.2.1 Diameter and height
The overall mean diameter for all the trees enumerated in the whole forest was 20.02 cm; the mean diameter for the secondary forest ecology was 21.87 cm, and the forest regrowth ecology was 15.85 cm. The overall mean height for the entire forest was 16.59 m, 18.45 m for the secondary forest and 12.40 m for the forest regrowth.
3.2.2 Wood volume, basal area and stocking of Singamba natural forest
The mean wood volume is summarized in Table 4. The overall wood volume and basal area for the entire forest were 181 and 16 m2 ha−1, respectively, and the stocking was 920 stems ha−1.
Vegetation type
Av. DBH (cm)
Av. height (m)
Av. basal area (m2 ha−1)
Av. stocking (stems ha−1)
Av. wood volume (m3 ha−1)
Forest regrowth
15.85
12.40
6.33 ±0.07
283
54.94 ±0.72
Secondary forest
21.87
18.45
26.65 ±0.40
637
308.55 ±4.99
Whole forest
20.02
16.59
16.49 ±0.13
920
181.75 ±1.58
Table 4.
Wood volume, basal area and stocking for Singamba natural forest.
Values in the table are mean ± CI = confidence interval at 95%, Av = average per forest ecology.
3.2.3 Accumulated biomass and carbon sequestration in Singamba natural forest
The biomass and carbon stock of the natural forest are presented in Table 5. For the whole forest, the estimated biomass ranges from 115 to 236 tonne ha−1 with a mean of 60.66 tonne ha−1; the carbon stock ranges from 54 to 111 tonne ha−1 with a mean of 28.51 tonne ha−1; and the CO2 sequestered ranges from 160 to 330 tonne ha−1 with a mean of 84.65 tonne ha−1.
Ecology
Mean DBH (cm)
AGB (t ha−1)
BGB (t ha−1)
Total biomass (t ha−1)
Carbon stock (t ha−1)
CO2 (t ha−1)
Forest regrowth
15.85
44.72 (±11.33)
10.51 (±2.66)
55.22 (±13.99)
25.95 (±6.57)
77.06 (±19.52)
Secondary forest
21.87
240.01 (±77.98)
56.42 (±18.32)
296.41 (±96.31)
139.31 (±45.26)
413.62 (±134.39)
Whole forest
20.02
142.36 (±49.12)
38.45 (±11.54)
175.82 (±60.66)
82.63 (±28.51)
245.34 (±84.65)
Table 5.
Biomass and carbon stock of Singamba natural forest.
Values in the table are mean ± CI = confidence interval at 95%; AGB = above ground biomass; BGB = belowground biomass.
3.2.4 Estimation of wood volume, biomass or carbon stock for the entire Singamba forest
ANOVA of the regression showed that estimation of wood volume, biomass or carbon stock using DBH, height or basal area was significant (p < 0.05), denoting that variation in volume or biomass was regulated by the independent variables of DBH and height. Statistic is shown in Table 6.
Wood production parameters
Plot count
Mean (value ha−1)
Variance
Standard error
Basal area (m2/ha)
40
16.50
0.159
0.063
Volume (m3/ha)
40
181.75
24.454
0.782
AGB (t/ha)
40
142.31
23590.442
24.285
AGC (t C/ha)
40
66.91
5211.129
11.414
CO2 (t/ha)
40
245.34
70060.732
41.841
BGB (t/ha)
40
33.43
1302.782
5.707
BGC (t C/ha)
40
15.72
287.785
2.682
Total biomass (t/ha)
40
175.82
35980.733
29.992
Total carbon (t C/ha)
40
82.63
7948.144
14.096
Table 6.
Means and variances for selected wood production parameters in Singamba natural forest.
4. Discussion
4.1 Stand yield of plantation species
4.1.1 Stand volume
In the present study, it was found that volume and biomass and subsequently the carbon stock increased with growth of DBH and height of the stems of all the plantation species. Various allometric equations for volume and biomass (developed by different researchers) were used to estimate these parameters. Of the two species in Kasewe, Gmelina arborea proved better in terms of vertical and horizontal growth with mean DBH and height of 29.0 cm and 20.34 m, respectively, compared to Tectona grandis with mean DBH and height of 21.57 cm and 15.81 m, respectively. The results were in agreement with the findings of [12, 13] in Nigeria and [14] in India.
The results showed that the G. arborea stand produced a higher yield than the T. grandis in Kasewe plantation forest, both species being of the same age. This may be as a result of Gmelina being a fast growing species [32] of Verbenaceae family. It is a medium to large deciduous tree that attains a height of 35 m or more, with a DBH of over 120 cm in natural stands in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia [30, 31]. In Oyinmo forest (Nigeria), the estimated volume for both Gmelina and teak stands ranges from 347.92 to 508.33 m3 ha−1 and from 21.25 to 259.06 m3 ha−1, respectively [13]; similarly, in Oluwa State [12] report a volume of 422.8 m3 ha−1 (10 years) and 1023.4 m3 ha−1 (25 years) for G. arborea and 445.8 m3 ha−1 (10 years) and 978.3 m3 ha−1 (25 years) in Omo State in Nigeria for the same species. This high productivity in Nigeria is attributed to the management practices leading to fast growth rate and high stand density [11]. The increase in the yield in their result could be attributed to the proper management of their plantation sites as there were intensive silvicultural treatments adopted, whereas the management of Kasewe plantation forest (14 years) is poor; thinning and clearing are most times not done which have led to the development of undergrowth, thus competing with trees for nutrients, space and water. As reported, plantations receiving various silvicultural treatments such as pruning, irrigation, fertilization and inter-cultivation have better growth and timber productivity than sole trees or poorly managed plantations [33].
4.1.2 Basal area
Basal area is known to be an indication of site potential [23] which gives support to the growth rate of trees in the forest. The result of this research for Kasewe is in agreement with those of other researchers, for example, in Nigeria. A basal area of 17.5–20.0 m2 ha−1 was recorded for Gmelina and 9.0–10.0 m2 ha−1 for teak; similar result was also obtained by Adekunle et al. [13] in Nigeria’s rainforest ecosystem, and they reported the basal area in G. arborea stand to be 46.41 m2 ha−1, while the basal area per hectare ranged between 9.50 and 27.81 m2 ha−1 in the T. grandis stand. Onyekwelu et al. [12] obtained mean basal area of 45.6 m2 ha−1 (10 years) and 80.7 m2 ha−1 (25 years) in the Gmelina stands at Oluwa, while 44.4 m2 ha−1 (10 years) and 77.8 m2 ha−1 (25 years) were obtained at Omo State, respectively, in Nigeria. The basal areas reported by [2, 13] are larger than those for Kasewe forest which can be as a result of better site quality in those forest stands in Nigeria. If age and management are similar, good sites are capable of supporting more species of trees, higher densities of trees and larger, faster growing trees as compared to poor sites [13].
4.1.3 Stocking
The estimated stem density for Kasewe plantation forest was 253 stems per ha; Gmelina (with mean DBH and height of 29.01 cm and 20.34 m, respectively) contributed 52%, while T. grandis (with mean DBH and height of 21.56 cm and 15.81 m, respectively) contributed 48%. The former was more better stocked than the latter, not only for its higher proportion of stems, but this could be attributed to Gmelina stand having larger-sized stems than the teak stand. This resulted to higher volume yield of wood for Gmelina stand than that of teak. In other words forest yield depends mainly on the size and age of the stand [23, 31]. By comparing growth variables, Gmelina grows faster than T. grandis [12, 13, 14].
4.1.4 Biomass and carbon stock of plantation stands
As already stated, volume and biomass and subsequently the carbon stock increased with the increase in growth of DBH and height of the stems of all the plantation species. The range of coefficient of determination was found to be 98 and 99% for Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea, respectively. This could be explained by the fact that volume and aboveground components of trees were highly dependent upon DBH and height [14].
The means of carbon stock of living trees (stems DBH ≥ 10 cm and roots), in the present study, from all plots were 94.26 and 94.59 t ha−1 for Gmelina and teak, respectively. The carbon stock appears to be the same for the two species since the initial estimation of biomass differed in allometric equations applied. They are, however, efficient in storing carbon. These results are comparable to those obtained by [14] in India—185 and 139 for 10-year-old plantation of Gmelina and teak, respectively.
4.2 Natural stands
4.2.1 Forest productivity
The estimated wood volume was 245.24 m3 ha−1. Within Singamba forest the secondary forest ecology was found to be more productive than the forest regrowth, meaning the former has more usable trees than that of the latter. The basal area was 21.87 m2 ha−1 for Singamba forest. This parameter estimate seems to be relatively high for Singamba forest and can be compared with other tropical areas [31], generally serving as an indication for good site potential for wood production. As suggested before, deforestation was actively reducing the potential wood production of Kasewe plantation forest as a result of intensive sawmill and farming activities, and farming was also evident in Singamba natural forest.
The wood volume and basal area of Singamba forest are in close agreement with that for Gola rainforest [17]. This could be attributed to these two being natural forests which have higher soil nutrient for tree growth from litter fall, decomposition and high rate of microbial activities. Also, they could be less undisturbed than the forests of National Agricultural Training Centre (NATC), Njala University [32] and Kasewe plantation forest in Sierra Leone and are of high stand density and species diversity [32] which can help in increasing growth variables such as height and diameter at breast height which are responsible for the volume and basal area measurement.
The quantitative estimates of current and future wood volume and biomass of timber and other forest products are essential for forest management practices. Thus the information (e.g. mean height, DBH, volume and stem density) derived from the natural stands could be used by forest managers, researchers and policy makers at national and local levels.
4.2.2 Biomass and carbon stocks of the natural stand
The present study has attempted to provide the first estimate of tree biomass and carbon stock in Singamba based on representative field sampling. This has demonstrated how carbon density can vary across a disturbed forest ecosystem [17] with respect to human activities. Patterns of biomass [17] largely reflected past farming history in Singamba forest, demonstrating impact of disturbance on forest biomass, as had been noted for logging impact on Gola forest [17]. Despite human disturbance in the forest in the recent past (forest regrowth), there is clearly an indication (secondary forest) that the Singamba forest still retains substantial carbon stocks and can accumulate further if left undisturbed.
The estimates of C stock for the entire Singamba forest (from all 40 plots) were found to be 82 t C ha−1 (Table 5), and this included all above- and belowground biomass of living trees over 10 cm DBH but excluded standing dead wood, woody debris and leaf litter [17]. There was variation in C biomass for the plots and ecology, but the higher biomass was found in the secondary forest which seems relatively stable.
The overall C stock for Gola forest was 160 t C ha−1 [17], but the overall carbon stock for Singamba was far lower than that of Gola in the present study. Although values of Singamba did not accord well with those for Gola, if disturbance by the forest edge communities is minimized, especially the slash and burn farming; this could improve the carbon stock for Singamba.
5. Conclusion
Timber inventory using simple hand tools is an efficient measure to manage these resources especially for land owners. One hundred percent enumeration of trees in a discrete forest is tedious, time-consuming and not economical. Hence forest sampling is professionally accepted.
Management of forest carbon is a concern across the globe for mitigation of global warming. The two plantation species being studied at Kasewe, Gmelina arborea and Tectona grandis have high yield of volume and biomass and exhibited significant carbon sequestration.
This chapter enhances foresters and related technicians to be able to estimate and give account of carbon stocks in the forests of West Africa which are undergoing rapid deforestation, degradation and even encroachment [17]. In Sierra Leone, community-based forestry and forest inventory at national level are recommended for sustainable exploitation and conservation of forests.
\n',keywords:"biomass, community forestry, carbon stock, forest mensuration and inventory, sustainable forest management",chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/68900.pdf",chapterXML:"https://mts.intechopen.com/source/xml/68900.xml",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/68900",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/68900",totalDownloads:659,totalViews:0,totalCrossrefCites:0,dateSubmitted:"May 16th 2019",dateReviewed:"July 31st 2019",datePrePublished:"February 4th 2020",datePublished:"February 17th 2021",dateFinished:"September 3rd 2019",readingETA:"0",abstract:"Forest and woodland are renewable natural resources providing basic human necessities. They have the ability to sequester carbon and mitigate climate change. Sustainable forest management is guided by forest mensuration and inventory which include measuring and calculating growth and changes in trees and forests. The objective of the study was to estimate timber resources and carbon stock using simple hand tools in Kasewe and Singamba forests in the southern part of Sierra Leone. All trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 10 cm were measured in every plot for DBH, and three trees were measured for height. The correlation between mean wood volume and carbon stock was highly significant. For Kasewe plantation forest, mean wood volume and carbon stock were 151 m3 ha−1 and 44 t C ha−1, respectively, and for the Singamba natural forest, they were 181 m3 ha−1 and 82 t C ha−1, respectively. The linear correlation between basal area and volume, DBH and volume and basal area and total biomass was significant for the plantation species tested. Realistic national forest inventory and community forestry are inevitable for sustainable forest management in Sierra Leone.",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/68900",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/68900",signatures:"Stephen Brima Mattia and Sampha Sesay",book:{id:"8985",type:"book",title:"Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences",slug:"natural-resources-management-and-biological-sciences",publishedDate:"February 17th 2021",bookSignature:"Edward R. Rhodes and Humood Naser",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8985.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:"978-1-83880-465-7",printIsbn:"978-1-83880-464-0",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83968-600-9",isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"280886",title:"Prof.",name:"Edward R",middleName:null,surname:"Rhodes",slug:"edward-r-rhodes",fullName:"Edward R Rhodes"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"305409",title:"Mr.",name:"Stephen",middleName:null,surname:"Mattia",fullName:"Stephen Mattia",slug:"stephen-mattia",email:"sbmattia@njala.edu.sl",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:{name:"Njala University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Sierra Leone"}}},{id:"305411",title:"Mr.",name:"Sampha",middleName:null,surname:"Sesay",fullName:"Sampha Sesay",slug:"sampha-sesay",email:"sesayforestry@gmail.com",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:{name:"Njala University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Sierra Leone"}}}],sections:[{id:"sec_1",title:"1. Introduction",level:"1"},{id:"sec_2",title:"2. Materials and methods",level:"1"},{id:"sec_2_2",title:"2.1 Sampling design",level:"2"},{id:"sec_2_3",title:"2.1.1 Method of sampling in Kasewe plantation forest",level:"3"},{id:"sec_3_3",title:"2.1.2 Sampling design in Singamba natural forest",level:"3"},{id:"sec_5_2",title:"2.2 Data collection",level:"2"},{id:"sec_5_3",title:"2.2.1 Data collection in Kasewe plantation forest",level:"3"},{id:"sec_6_3",title:"2.2.2 Data collection in Singamba natural forest",level:"3"},{id:"sec_8_2",title:"2.3 Data analysis",level:"2"},{id:"sec_8_3",title:"2.3.1 Kasewe plantation forest",level:"3"},{id:"sec_8_4",title:"2.3.1.1 Yield parameters",level:"4"},{id:"sec_8_5",title:"2.3.1.1.1 Stem count",level:"5"},{id:"sec_9_5",title:"2.3.1.1.2 Basal area calculation",level:"5"},{id:"sec_10_5",title:"2.3.1.1.3 Volume estimation of trees per hectare",level:"5"},{id:"sec_12_4",title:"2.3.1.2 Estimation of live tree biomass and carbon stock for Gmelina arborea stand",level:"4"},{id:"sec_12_5",title:"2.3.1.2.1 Aboveground biomass",level:"5"},{id:"sec_13_5",title:"2.3.1.2.2 Belowground biomass",level:"5"},{id:"sec_14_5",title:"2.3.1.2.3 Carbon stock for Gmelina arborea",level:"5"},{id:"sec_16_4",title:"2.3.1.3 Estimation of live tree biomass and carbon for Tectona grandis",level:"4"},{id:"sec_18_3",title:"2.3.2 Data analysis for Singamba forest",level:"3"},{id:"sec_18_4",title:"2.3.2.1 Wood production parameters",level:"4"},{id:"sec_18_5",title:"2.3.2.1.1 Number of stems ha−1",level:"5"},{id:"sec_19_5",title:"2.3.2.1.2 Basal area ha−1",level:"5"},{id:"sec_20_5",title:"2.3.2.1.3 Wood volume ha−1",level:"5"},{id:"sec_22_4",title:"2.3.2.2 Estimation of live tree biomass and carbon stock for Singamba rainforest",level:"4"},{id:"sec_24_3",title:"2.3.3 Statistical analysis",level:"3"},{id:"sec_27",title:"3. Results",level:"1"},{id:"sec_27_2",title:"3.1 Kasewe plantation forest",level:"2"},{id:"sec_27_3",title:"Table 1.",level:"3"},{id:"sec_28_3",title:"3.1.2 Stem count and basal area",level:"3"},{id:"sec_29_3",title:"3.1.3 Relationship among different growth parameters",level:"3"},{id:"sec_30_3",title:"Table 2.",level:"3"},{id:"sec_31_3",title:"Table 3.",level:"3"},{id:"sec_32_3",title:"3.1.6 Estimation of wood volume, biomass and carbon stock in standing trees of teak of Kasewe plantation forest",level:"3"},{id:"sec_34_2",title:"3.2 Results for Singamba natural forest",level:"2"},{id:"sec_34_3",title:"3.2.1 Diameter and height",level:"3"},{id:"sec_35_3",title:"Table 4.",level:"3"},{id:"sec_36_3",title:"Table 5.",level:"3"},{id:"sec_37_3",title:"Table 6.",level:"3"},{id:"sec_40",title:"4. Discussion",level:"1"},{id:"sec_40_2",title:"4.1 Stand yield of plantation species",level:"2"},{id:"sec_40_3",title:"4.1.1 Stand volume",level:"3"},{id:"sec_41_3",title:"4.1.2 Basal area",level:"3"},{id:"sec_42_3",title:"4.1.3 Stocking",level:"3"},{id:"sec_43_3",title:"4.1.4 Biomass and carbon stock of plantation stands",level:"3"},{id:"sec_45_2",title:"4.2 Natural stands",level:"2"},{id:"sec_45_3",title:"4.2.1 Forest productivity",level:"3"},{id:"sec_46_3",title:"4.2.2 Biomass and carbon stocks of the natural stand",level:"3"},{id:"sec_49",title:"5. Conclusion",level:"1"}],chapterReferences:[{id:"B1",body:'West Africa: Forest cover. Available from: http://www.fao.org/3/Y1997E/y1997e0k.htm#TopOfPage. [Accessed: 2015/09/11]'},{id:"B2",body:'Fore TA. State of the World Forest. Issue Paper. DP 501/87/0101. Rome, Italy: FAO; 2003. 214 p'},{id:"B3",body:'Laar A, Akça A. Forest Mensuration: Managing Forest Ecosystems. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer; 2007. 384 p'},{id:"B4",body:'What are the differences between forest and woodland? Available from: http://www.quora.com/What-are-the-difference-between-forest-and-woodland/answer/Melody-Burke-3. [Accessed: 2015/9/11]'},{id:"B5",body:'Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015. Country Report Sierra Leone. Rome: FAO; 2014. 76 p. Available from: http://www.fao.org [Accessed: 2015/9/11]'},{id:"B6",body:'Karki S, Joshi NR, Udas E, Adhikari MD, Sherpa S, Kotru R, et al. Assessment of forest carbon stock and carbon sequestration rates at the ICIMOD knowledge park in Godavari, Nepal. In: ICIMOD Working Paper 2016/6. Kathmandu: ICIMOD; 2016. p. 52'},{id:"B7",body:'IPCC Climate Change. Synthesis report. In: Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Geneva, Switzerland. 2007. 104 p'},{id:"B8",body:'Mittermeier RA, Robles GP, Hoffmann M, Pilgrim J, Brooks T, Goettsch Mittermeier C, et al. Hotspots Revisited: Earth’s Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Terrestrial Ecoregions. Mexico City, Mexico: University of Chicago Press; 2004'},{id:"B9",body:'Penner J, Wegmann M, Hillers A, Schmidt M, Rodel MO. A hotspot revisited—A biogeographical analysis of West African amphibians. Diversity and Distributions. 2011;17:1077-1088. DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00801.x'},{id:"B10",body:'United States Agency for International Development. West Africa Environmental threats and opportunities assessment. In: Final Report. 2013. 119 p'},{id:"B11",body:'Mercker D, Henning J. Alabama’s Treasured Forests. 2011. Available from: http://www.forestry.alabama.gov [Accessed 2015/9/11]'},{id:"B12",body:'Onyekwelu JC, Mosandl R, Stimm B. Productivity, site evaluation and state of nutrition of Gmelina arborea plantations in Oluwa and Omo forest reserves, Nigeria. Forest Ecology and Management. 2013;229:214-227'},{id:"B13",body:'Adekunle VAJ, Alo AA, Adekayode FO. Yields and nutrient pools in soils cultivated with Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea in Nigerian rainforest ecosystem. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. 2011;10:127-135. Available from: http://www.ksu.edu.sa and www.sciencedirection.com [Accessed: 2014/11/4]'},{id:"B14",body:'Bohre P, Chaubey OP, Singhal PK. Biomass accumulation and carbon squestration in Tectona grandis Linn. f. and Gmelina arborea Roxb. International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Technology. 2013;5(3):153-174'},{id:"B15",body:'Daouda BO, Aliou S, Léonard AE, Yasmine AJF, Vincent EA, Irénikatché APB, et al. Assessment of organic carbon stock in cashew plantations (Anacardium occidentale L.) in Benin (West Africa). International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research. 2017;03(4):3601-3625. Available from: http://www.ijaer.in [Accessed: 2019/5/25]'},{id:"B16",body:'Beets PN, Kimberley MO, Oliver GR, Pearce SH, Graham JD, Brandon A. Allometric equations for estimating carbon stocks in natural forest in New Zealand. Forest Ecology and Management. 2012;3:818-839. DOI: 10.3390/f30308818'},{id:"B17",body:'Lindsell JA, Klop E. Spatial and temporal variation of carbon stocks in a lowland tropical forest in West Africa. Forest Ecology and Management. 2013;289:10-17. Available from: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management/ [Accessed: 2017/12/4]'},{id:"B18",body:'Savill PS, Fox JED. Trees of Sierra Leone. 1967. 316 p. Available from: http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/users/millsr/isbes/ODLF/TSL.pdf [Accessed: 2019/05/25]'},{id:"B19",body:'Hawthorne W, Jongkind C. Woody Plants of Western African Forests: A Guide to the Forest Trees, Shrubs and Lianes from Senegal to Ghana. Kew, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens; 2006. 1023 p'},{id:"B20",body:'Mattia SB. Species and structural composition of natural mangrove forest case study of Rufiji delta [thesis]. Morogoro, Tanzania: Sokoine University of Agriculture; 1997'},{id:"B21",body:'Mattia SB, Kargbo S. Species richness and structure of natural Gola Forest, Eastern Province, Sierra Leone. Njala Journal of Agriculture, Science and Technology. 2013;2(1):74-84'},{id:"B22",body:'Mattia SB, Omiyale O, Sesay S. Productivity and tree species richness in mixed forest of National Agricultural Training Centre (NATC), Njala University. Journal of Sustainable Environmental Management. 2015;7:93-104'},{id:"B23",body:'Philip MS. Measuring Trees and Forests. 2nd ed. Wallingford, UK: CAB International; 1994. 310 p'},{id:"B24",body:'Hamilton GJ. Forest Mensuration Handbook. Forestry Commission Booklet No. 39. London, UK: Forestry Commission, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office; 1988. 274 p'},{id:"B25",body:'Mattia SB, Dugba SA. Allometric equations for volume estimation of Gmelina arborea Roxb wood at Singamba forest reserve in Njama, Sierra Leone. Journal of Sustainable Environmental Management. 2015;7:1-10'},{id:"B26",body:'Mwangi JR. Volume and biomass estimation models for Tectona grandis grown at Longuza forest plantation [thesis]. Morogoro, Tanzania: Sokoine University of Agriculture; 2015'},{id:"B27",body:'Arias D, Calvo-Alvarado J, Richter DD, Dohrenbusch A. Productivity, aboveground biomass, nutrient uptake and carbon content in fast-growing tree plantations of native and introduced species in the southern region of Costa Rica. Biomass Bioenergy. 2011;35:1779-1788. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com [Accessed: 2015/09/11]'},{id:"B28",body:'IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Agriculture, Forestry, and other Land Use. 2006. Available from: http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp [Accessed: 2015/09/12]'},{id:"B29",body:'Basuki TM, van Laake PE, Skidmore AK, Hussin YA. Allometric equations for estimating the above-ground biomass in tropical lowland Dipterocarp forests. Forest Ecology and Management. 2009;257:1684-1694'},{id:"B30",body:'Hung ND, Giang LT, Tu DN, Hung PT, Lam PT, Khanh NT, et al. Tree allometric equations in evergreen broadleaf and bamboo forests in the North East region, Vietnam. Canadian Journal of Forestry Research. 2012;16:390-394. Available from: www.GlobAllomeTree [Accessed: 2016/05/01]'},{id:"B31",body:'Hossain MK. Gmelina arborea: A popular plantation species in the tropics. Quick guide multipurpose trees from around the world. In: FACT 99-05. Arkansas, USA: Forest, Farm and Community Tree Network; 1999'},{id:"B32",body:'Dvorak WS. World View of Gmelina arborea: Opporunities and Challenges. Recent Advances with Gmelina arborea. Raleigh, USA: CAMCORE, North Carolina State University; 2003. CD-ROM'},{id:"B33",body:'Dhanda RS, Verma RK. Timber volume and weight tables of farm grown poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr. Ex Marsh.) in Punjab (India). Indian Journal of Foresry. 2001;127:115-130'}],footnotes:[],contributors:[{corresp:"yes",contributorFullName:"Stephen Brima Mattia",address:"sbmattia@njala.edu.sl",affiliation:'
Department of Forestry, School of Natural Resources Management, Njala University, Sierra Leone
'}],corrections:null},book:{id:"8985",type:"book",title:"Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences",slug:"natural-resources-management-and-biological-sciences",publishedDate:"February 17th 2021",bookSignature:"Edward R. Rhodes and Humood Naser",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8985.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:"978-1-83880-465-7",printIsbn:"978-1-83880-464-0",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83968-600-9",isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"280886",title:"Prof.",name:"Edward R",middleName:null,surname:"Rhodes",slug:"edward-r-rhodes",fullName:"Edward R Rhodes"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},profile:{item:{id:"157021",title:"MSc.",name:"Marco Fidel",middleName:null,surname:"Ávila",email:"marcos.avila@yahoo.es",fullName:"Marco Fidel Ávila",slug:"marco-fidel-avila",position:null,biography:null,institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",totalCites:0,totalChapterViews:"0",outsideEditionCount:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalEditedBooks:"0",personalWebsiteURL:null,twitterURL:null,linkedinURL:null,institution:null},booksEdited:[],chaptersAuthored:[{id:"44546",title:"Astrocytes Role in Parkinson: A Double-Edged Sword",slug:"astrocytes-role-in-parkinson-a-double-edged-sword",abstract:null,signatures:"Ricardo Cabezas, Marco Fidel Avila, Daniel Torrente, Ramon Santos\nEl-Bachá, Ludis Morales, Janneth Gonzalez and George E. Barreto",authors:[{id:"85869",title:"Prof.",name:"George",surname:"Barreto",fullName:"George Barreto",slug:"george-barreto",email:"george.barreto@ul.ie"},{id:"88549",title:"Dr.",name:"Ludis",surname:"Morales",fullName:"Ludis Morales",slug:"ludis-morales",email:"ludis.morales@javeriana.edu.co"},{id:"97601",title:"Dr.",name:"Janneth",surname:"Gonzalez",fullName:"Janneth Gonzalez",slug:"janneth-gonzalez",email:"janneth.gonzalez@gmail.com"},{id:"157020",title:"MSc.",name:"Ricardo",surname:"Cabezas",fullName:"Ricardo Cabezas",slug:"ricardo-cabezas",email:"ricardocabe@gmail.com"},{id:"157021",title:"MSc.",name:"Marco Fidel",surname:"Ávila",fullName:"Marco Fidel Ávila",slug:"marco-fidel-avila",email:"marcos.avila@yahoo.es"},{id:"165566",title:"Dr.",name:"Ramon",surname:"El-Bachá",fullName:"Ramon El-Bachá",slug:"ramon-el-bacha",email:"ramon@ufba.br"},{id:"167253",title:"Mr.",name:"Daniel",surname:"Torrente",fullName:"Daniel Torrente",slug:"daniel-torrente",email:"dtorrente@javeriana.edu.co"}],book:{id:"3278",title:"Neurodegenerative Diseases",slug:"neurodegenerative-diseases",productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume"}}}],collaborators:[{id:"27432",title:"Dr.",name:"Analava",surname:"Mitra",slug:"analava-mitra",fullName:"Analava Mitra",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"75464",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Marisol",surname:"Herrera-Rivero",slug:"marisol-herrera-rivero",fullName:"Marisol Herrera-Rivero",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidad Veracruzana",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"155618",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Ferihan",surname:"Cetin",slug:"ferihan-cetin",fullName:"Ferihan Cetin",position:"Assist. Prof. Dr.",profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"155691",title:"Dr.",name:"Uday",surname:"Kishore",slug:"uday-kishore",fullName:"Uday Kishore",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bS8K0QAK/Profile_Picture_1640258775830",biography:"Prof. Uday Kishore is a teacher and a scientist with a special interest in innate immunity. He was the Founder-Director of the Centre for Infection, Immunity and Disease Mechanisms, Brunel University London. He studied BSc from S.P. Jain College, Sasaram, Bihar, India; MSc from Hindu College, Delhi University; and Ph.D. from the Department of Zoology, University of Delhi and CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India. After spending a year at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, he moved to the University of Oxford for the major part of his post-doctoral training,\nfirst at the MRC Immunochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, and then at the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital. He is the recipient of fellowships of NASA (USA), Wellcome Trust (UK) and Alexander Humboldt Foundation (Germany), MRC Investigator Prize, European Commission Young Scientist Prize, and Mother Teresa Excellence Award. Uday Kishore holds several adjuncts, visiting, and honorary professorial positions nationally and internationally. He has altogether authored over 250 research papers, book chapters, patents, and books. His research focuses on how innate immunity plays a crucial role in human health and disease. He has extensive experience researching in the field of autoimmune diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Myasthenia gravis.",institutionString:"Brunel University London",institution:{name:"Brunel University London",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},{id:"155998",title:"Dr.",name:"Tomohiro",surname:"Chiba",slug:"tomohiro-chiba",fullName:"Tomohiro Chiba",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Georg Speyer Haus",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Germany"}}},{id:"156455",title:"Dr.",name:"Weili",surname:"Xu",slug:"weili-xu",fullName:"Weili Xu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Karolinska Institute",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Sweden"}}},{id:"156608",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Ivana",surname:"Delalle",slug:"ivana-delalle",fullName:"Ivana Delalle",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Boston University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"167708",title:"Dr.",name:"Camilla",surname:"Ferrari",slug:"camilla-ferrari",fullName:"Camilla Ferrari",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Florence",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"167709",title:"Dr.",name:"Hui-Xin",surname:"Wang",slug:"hui-xin-wang",fullName:"Hui-Xin Wang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Karolinska Institute",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Sweden"}}},{id:"167710",title:"MSc.",name:"Anna",surname:"Marseglia",slug:"anna-marseglia",fullName:"Anna Marseglia",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Karolinska Institute",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Sweden"}}}]},generic:{page:{slug:"scientific-advisors",title:"Scientific Advisory Boards",intro:"
IntechOpen’s team of Scientific Advisors supports the publishing team by providing editorial and academic input and ensuring the highest quality output of free peer-reviewed articles. The Boards consist of independent external collaborators who assist us on a voluntary basis. Their input includes advising on new topics within their field, proposing potential expert collaborators and reviewing book publishing proposals if required. Board members are experts who cover major STEM and HSS fields. All are trusted IntechOpen collaborators and Academic Editors, ensuring that the needs of the scientific community are met.
",metaTitle:"STM Publishing and Free Peer Reviewed Articles | IntechOpen",metaDescription:"IntechOpen’s scientific advisors support the STM publishing team by offering their editorial input, ensuring a consistent output of free peer reviewed articles.",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"scientific-advisors",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"
Physical Sciences, Technology and Engineering Board
\\n\\n
Chemistry
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Ayben Kilislioglu - Department of Chemical Engineering Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
\\n\\t
Goran Nikolic - Faculty of Technology, University of Nis, Leskovac, Serbia
\\n\\t
Mark T. Stauffer - Associate Professor of Chemistry, The University of Pittsburgh, USA
\\n\\t
Margarita Stoytcheva - Autonomous University of Baja California Engineering Institute Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico
Joao Luis Garcia Rosa - Associate Professor Bio-inspired Computing Laboratory (BioCom) Department of Computer Science University of Sao Paulo (USP) at Sao Carlos, Brazil
\\n\\t
Jan Valdman - Institute of Mathematics and Biomathematics, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Institute of Information Theory and Automation of the ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic
\\n
\\n\\n
Earth and Planetary Science
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Jill S. M. Coleman - Department of Geography, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
\\n\\t
İbrahim Küçük Erciyes - Üniversitesi Department of Astronomy and Space Sciences Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
\\n\\t
Pasquale Imperatore - Electromagnetic Environmental Sensing (IREA), Italian National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
\\n\\t
Mohammad Mokhtari - Director of National Center for Earthquake Prediction International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES), Tehran, Iran
\\n
\\n\\n
Engineering
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Narottam Das - University of Southern Queensland, Australia
\\n\\t
Jose Ignacio Huertas - Energy and Climate Change Research Group; Instituto Tecnológico y Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Mexico
Likun Pan - Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, China
\\n\\t
Mukul Chandra Paul - Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
\\n\\t
Stephen E. Saddow - Electrical Engineering Department, University of South Florida, USA
\\n\\t
Ali Demir Sezer - Marmara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, İstanbul, Turkey
\\n\\t
Krzysztof Zboinski - Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Transport, Warsaw, Poland
\\n
\\n\\n
Materials Science
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Vadim Glebovsky - Senior Researcher, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chernogolovka, Russia Expert of the Russian Fund for Basic Research, Moscow, Russia
\\n\\t
Jianjun Liu - State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure of Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
\\n\\t
Pietro Mandracci - Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
\\n\\t
Waldemar Alfredo Monteiro - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares Materials Science and Technology Center (MSTC) São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Toshio Ogawa - Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology, Toyosawa, Fukuroi, Shizuoka, Japan
\\n
\\n\\n
Mathematics
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Paul Bracken - Department of Mathematics University of Texas, Edinburg, TX, USA
\\n
\\n\\n
Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Muhammad Akhyar - Farrukh Nano-Chemistry Lab. Registrar, GC University Lahore, Pakistan
\\n\\t
Khan Maaz - Chinese Academy of Sciences, China & The Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Pakistan
\\n
\\n\\n
Physics
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Izabela Naydenova - Lecturer, School of Physics Principal Investigator, IEO Centre College of Sciences and Health Dublin Institute of Technology Dublin, Ireland
\\n\\t
Mitsuru Nenoi - National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Japan
\\n\\t
Christos Volos - Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
\\n
\\n\\n
Robotics
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Alejandra Barrera - Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México, México
\\n\\t
Dusan M. Stipanovic - Department of Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
\\n\\t
Andrzej Zak - Polish Naval Academy Faculty of Navigation and Naval Weapons Institute of Naval Weapons and Computer Science, Gdynia, Poland
Petr Konvalina - Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic
\\n
\\n\\n
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Chunfa Huang - Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, USA
\\n\\t
Michael Kormann - University Children's Clinic Department of Pediatrics I, Pediatric Infectiology & Immunology, Translational Genomics and Gene Therapy in Pediatrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
\\n\\t
Bin WU - Ph.D. HCLD Scientific Laboratory Director, Assisted Reproductive Technology Arizona Center for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Tucson, Arizona , USA
\\n
\\n\\n
Environmental Sciences
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Juan A. Blanco - Senior Researcher & Marie Curie Research Fellow Dep. Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Publica de Navarra Campus de Arrosadia, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
\\n\\t
Mikkola Heimo - University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
\\n\\t
Bernardo Llamas Moya - Politechnical University of Madrid, Spain
\\n\\t
Toonika Rinken - Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Tartu, Estonia
\\n
\\n\\n
Immunology and Microbiology
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Dharumadurai Dhanasekaran - Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, India
Isabel Gigli - Facultad de Agronomia-UNLPam, Argentina
\\n\\t
Milad Manafi - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
\\n\\t
Rita Payan-Carreira - Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Departamento de Zootecnia, Portugal
\\n
\\n\\n
Medicine
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Mazen Almasri - King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Dentistry
\\n\\t
Craig Atwood - University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA Stem Cell Research, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
\\n\\t
Oreste Capelli - Clinical Governance, Local Health Authority, Modena, Italy Public Health
\\n\\t
Michael Firstenberg - Assistant Professor of Surgery and Integrative Medicine NorthEast Ohio Medical University, USA & Akron City Hospital - Summa Health System, USA Surgery
\\n\\t
Parul Ichhpujani - MD Government Medical College & Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, India
Amidou Samie - University of Venda, SA Infectious Diseases
\\n\\t
Shailendra K. Saxena - CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India Infectious Diseases
\\n\\t
Dan T. Simionescu - Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson SC, USA Stem Cell Research, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
\\n\\t
Ke Xu - Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China Oncology
\\n
\\n\\n
Ophthalmology
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Hojjat Ahmadzadehfar - University Hospital Bonn Department of Nuclear Medicine Bonn, Germany Medical Diagnostics, Engineering Technology and Telemedicine
\\n\\t
Miroslav Blumenberg - Department of Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Dermatology, NYU School of Medicine, NY, USA Dermatology
\\n\\t
Wilfred Bonney - University of Dundee, Scotland, UK Medical Diagnostics, Engineering Technology and Telemedicine
\\n\\t
Christakis Constantinides - Department of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Medical Diagnostics, Engineering Technology and Telemedicine
\\n\\t
Atef Mohamed Mostafa Darwish - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt Gynecology
\\n\\t
Ana Polona Mivšek - University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Midwifery
\\n\\t
Gyula Mozsik - First Department of Medicine, Medical and Health Centre, University of Pécs, Hungary
\\n\\t
Shimon Rumelt - Western Galilee-Nahariya Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel Ophthalmology
\\n\\t
Marcelo Saad - S. Paulo Medical College of Acupuncture, SP, Brazil Complementary and Alternative Medicine
\\n\\t
Minoru Tomizawa - National Hospital Organization Shimoshizu Hospital, Japan Gastroenterology
\\n\\t
Pierre Vereecken - Centre Hospitalier Valida and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Belgium Dermatology
\\n
\\n\\n
Gastroenterology
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Hany Aly - Director, Division of Newborn Services The George Washington University Hospital Washington, USA Pediatrics
\\n\\t
Yannis Dionyssiotis - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine
\\n\\t
Alina Gonzales- Quevedo Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía Havana, Cuba Mental and Behavioural Disorders and Diseases of the Nervous System
\\n\\t
Margarita Guenova - National Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment of Haematological Diseases, Bulgaria
\\n\\t
Eliska Potlukova - Clinic of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland Edocrinology
\\n\\t
Raymond L. Rosales -The Royal and Pontifical University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines & Metropolitan Medical Center, Manila, Philippines & St. Luke's Medical Center International Institute in Neuroscience, Quezon City, Philippines Mental and Behavioural Disorders and Diseases of the Nervous System
\\n\\t
Alessandro Rozim - Zorzi University of Campinas, Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Campinas, SP, Brazil Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine
\\n\\t
Dieter Schoepf - University of Bonn, Germany Mental and Behavioural Disorders and Diseases of the Nervous System
\\n
\\n\\n
Hematology
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Hesham Abd El-Dayem - National Liver Institute, Menoufeyia University, Egypt Hepatology
\\n\\t
Fayez Bahmad - Health Science Faculty of the University of Brasilia Instructor of Otology at Brasilia University Hospital Brasilia, Brazil Otorhinolaryngology
\\n\\t
Peter A. Clark - Saint Joseph's University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Bioethics
\\n\\t
Celso Pereira - Coimbra University, Coimbra, Portugal Immunology, Allergology and Rheumatology
\\n\\t
Luis Rodrigo - Asturias Central University Hospital (HUCA) School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain Hepatology & Gastroenterology
\\n\\t
Dennis Wat - Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK Pulmonology
\\n
\\n\\n
Social Sciences and Humanities Board
\\n\\n
Business, Management and Economics
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Vito Bobek - University of Applied Sciences, FH Joanneum, Graz, Austria
Joao Luis Garcia Rosa - Associate Professor Bio-inspired Computing Laboratory (BioCom) Department of Computer Science University of Sao Paulo (USP) at Sao Carlos, Brazil
\n\t
Jan Valdman - Institute of Mathematics and Biomathematics, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Institute of Information Theory and Automation of the ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic
\n
\n\n
Earth and Planetary Science
\n\n
\n\t
Jill S. M. Coleman - Department of Geography, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
\n\t
İbrahim Küçük Erciyes - Üniversitesi Department of Astronomy and Space Sciences Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
\n\t
Pasquale Imperatore - Electromagnetic Environmental Sensing (IREA), Italian National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
\n\t
Mohammad Mokhtari - Director of National Center for Earthquake Prediction International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES), Tehran, Iran
\n
\n\n
Engineering
\n\n
\n\t
Narottam Das - University of Southern Queensland, Australia
\n\t
Jose Ignacio Huertas - Energy and Climate Change Research Group; Instituto Tecnológico y Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Mexico
Likun Pan - Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, China
\n\t
Mukul Chandra Paul - Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
\n\t
Stephen E. Saddow - Electrical Engineering Department, University of South Florida, USA
\n\t
Ali Demir Sezer - Marmara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, İstanbul, Turkey
\n\t
Krzysztof Zboinski - Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Transport, Warsaw, Poland
\n
\n\n
Materials Science
\n\n
\n\t
Vadim Glebovsky - Senior Researcher, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chernogolovka, Russia Expert of the Russian Fund for Basic Research, Moscow, Russia
\n\t
Jianjun Liu - State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure of Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
\n\t
Pietro Mandracci - Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
\n\t
Waldemar Alfredo Monteiro - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares Materials Science and Technology Center (MSTC) São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Toshio Ogawa - Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology, Toyosawa, Fukuroi, Shizuoka, Japan
\n
\n\n
Mathematics
\n\n
\n\t
Paul Bracken - Department of Mathematics University of Texas, Edinburg, TX, USA
\n
\n\n
Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials
\n\n
\n\t
Muhammad Akhyar - Farrukh Nano-Chemistry Lab. Registrar, GC University Lahore, Pakistan
\n\t
Khan Maaz - Chinese Academy of Sciences, China & The Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Pakistan
\n
\n\n
Physics
\n\n
\n\t
Izabela Naydenova - Lecturer, School of Physics Principal Investigator, IEO Centre College of Sciences and Health Dublin Institute of Technology Dublin, Ireland
\n\t
Mitsuru Nenoi - National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Japan
\n\t
Christos Volos - Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
\n
\n\n
Robotics
\n\n
\n\t
Alejandra Barrera - Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México, México
\n\t
Dusan M. Stipanovic - Department of Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
\n\t
Andrzej Zak - Polish Naval Academy Faculty of Navigation and Naval Weapons Institute of Naval Weapons and Computer Science, Gdynia, Poland
Petr Konvalina - Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic
\n
\n\n
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
\n\n
\n\t
Chunfa Huang - Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, USA
\n\t
Michael Kormann - University Children's Clinic Department of Pediatrics I, Pediatric Infectiology & Immunology, Translational Genomics and Gene Therapy in Pediatrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
\n\t
Bin WU - Ph.D. HCLD Scientific Laboratory Director, Assisted Reproductive Technology Arizona Center for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Tucson, Arizona , USA
\n
\n\n
Environmental Sciences
\n\n
\n\t
Juan A. Blanco - Senior Researcher & Marie Curie Research Fellow Dep. Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Publica de Navarra Campus de Arrosadia, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
\n\t
Mikkola Heimo - University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
\n\t
Bernardo Llamas Moya - Politechnical University of Madrid, Spain
\n\t
Toonika Rinken - Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Tartu, Estonia
\n
\n\n
Immunology and Microbiology
\n\n
\n\t
Dharumadurai Dhanasekaran - Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, India
Isabel Gigli - Facultad de Agronomia-UNLPam, Argentina
\n\t
Milad Manafi - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
\n\t
Rita Payan-Carreira - Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Departamento de Zootecnia, Portugal
\n
\n\n
Medicine
\n\n
\n\t
Mazen Almasri - King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Dentistry
\n\t
Craig Atwood - University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA Stem Cell Research, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
\n\t
Oreste Capelli - Clinical Governance, Local Health Authority, Modena, Italy Public Health
\n\t
Michael Firstenberg - Assistant Professor of Surgery and Integrative Medicine NorthEast Ohio Medical University, USA & Akron City Hospital - Summa Health System, USA Surgery
\n\t
Parul Ichhpujani - MD Government Medical College & Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, India
Amidou Samie - University of Venda, SA Infectious Diseases
\n\t
Shailendra K. Saxena - CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India Infectious Diseases
\n\t
Dan T. Simionescu - Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson SC, USA Stem Cell Research, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
\n\t
Ke Xu - Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China Oncology
\n
\n\n
Ophthalmology
\n\n
\n\t
Hojjat Ahmadzadehfar - University Hospital Bonn Department of Nuclear Medicine Bonn, Germany Medical Diagnostics, Engineering Technology and Telemedicine
\n\t
Miroslav Blumenberg - Department of Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Dermatology, NYU School of Medicine, NY, USA Dermatology
\n\t
Wilfred Bonney - University of Dundee, Scotland, UK Medical Diagnostics, Engineering Technology and Telemedicine
\n\t
Christakis Constantinides - Department of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Medical Diagnostics, Engineering Technology and Telemedicine
\n\t
Atef Mohamed Mostafa Darwish - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt Gynecology
\n\t
Ana Polona Mivšek - University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Midwifery
\n\t
Gyula Mozsik - First Department of Medicine, Medical and Health Centre, University of Pécs, Hungary
\n\t
Shimon Rumelt - Western Galilee-Nahariya Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel Ophthalmology
\n\t
Marcelo Saad - S. Paulo Medical College of Acupuncture, SP, Brazil Complementary and Alternative Medicine
\n\t
Minoru Tomizawa - National Hospital Organization Shimoshizu Hospital, Japan Gastroenterology
\n\t
Pierre Vereecken - Centre Hospitalier Valida and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Belgium Dermatology
\n
\n\n
Gastroenterology
\n\n
\n\t
Hany Aly - Director, Division of Newborn Services The George Washington University Hospital Washington, USA Pediatrics
\n\t
Yannis Dionyssiotis - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine
\n\t
Alina Gonzales- Quevedo Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía Havana, Cuba Mental and Behavioural Disorders and Diseases of the Nervous System
\n\t
Margarita Guenova - National Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment of Haematological Diseases, Bulgaria
\n\t
Eliska Potlukova - Clinic of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland Edocrinology
\n\t
Raymond L. Rosales -The Royal and Pontifical University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines & Metropolitan Medical Center, Manila, Philippines & St. Luke's Medical Center International Institute in Neuroscience, Quezon City, Philippines Mental and Behavioural Disorders and Diseases of the Nervous System
\n\t
Alessandro Rozim - Zorzi University of Campinas, Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Campinas, SP, Brazil Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine
\n\t
Dieter Schoepf - University of Bonn, Germany Mental and Behavioural Disorders and Diseases of the Nervous System
\n
\n\n
Hematology
\n\n
\n\t
Hesham Abd El-Dayem - National Liver Institute, Menoufeyia University, Egypt Hepatology
\n\t
Fayez Bahmad - Health Science Faculty of the University of Brasilia Instructor of Otology at Brasilia University Hospital Brasilia, Brazil Otorhinolaryngology
\n\t
Peter A. Clark - Saint Joseph's University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Bioethics
\n\t
Celso Pereira - Coimbra University, Coimbra, Portugal Immunology, Allergology and Rheumatology
\n\t
Luis Rodrigo - Asturias Central University Hospital (HUCA) School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain Hepatology & Gastroenterology
\n\t
Dennis Wat - Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK Pulmonology
\n
\n\n
Social Sciences and Humanities Board
\n\n
Business, Management and Economics
\n\n
\n\t
Vito Bobek - University of Applied Sciences, FH Joanneum, Graz, Austria
Denis Erasga - De La Salle University, Phillippines
\n\t
Rosario Laratta - Associate Professor of Social Policy and Development Graduate School of Governance Studies, Meiji University, Japan
\n
\n\n
\n'}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{},profiles:[{id:"6700",title:"Dr.",name:"Abbass A.",middleName:null,surname:"Hashim",slug:"abbass-a.-hashim",fullName:"Abbass A. Hashim",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/6700/images/1864_n.jpg",biography:"Currently I am carrying out research in several areas of interest, mainly covering work on chemical and bio-sensors, semiconductor thin film device fabrication and characterisation.\nAt the moment I have very strong interest in radiation environmental pollution and bacteriology treatment. The teams of researchers are working very hard to bring novel results in this field. I am also a member of the team in charge for the supervision of Ph.D. students in the fields of development of silicon based planar waveguide sensor devices, study of inelastic electron tunnelling in planar tunnelling nanostructures for sensing applications and development of organotellurium(IV) compounds for semiconductor applications. I am a specialist in data analysis techniques and nanosurface structure. I have served as the editor for many books, been a member of the editorial board in science journals, have published many papers and hold many patents.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sheffield Hallam University",country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},{id:"54525",title:"Prof.",name:"Abdul Latif",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"abdul-latif-ahmad",fullName:"Abdul Latif Ahmad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"20567",title:"Prof.",name:"Ado",middleName:null,surname:"Jorio",slug:"ado-jorio",fullName:"Ado Jorio",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"47940",title:"Dr.",name:"Alberto",middleName:null,surname:"Mantovani",slug:"alberto-mantovani",fullName:"Alberto Mantovani",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Istituto Superiore di Sanità",country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"12392",title:"Mr.",name:"Alex",middleName:null,surname:"Lazinica",slug:"alex-lazinica",fullName:"Alex Lazinica",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/12392/images/7282_n.png",biography:"Alex Lazinica is the founder and CEO of IntechOpen. After obtaining a Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering, he continued his PhD studies in Robotics at the Vienna University of Technology. Here he worked as a robotic researcher with the university's Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Group as well as a guest researcher at various European universities, including the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL). During this time he published more than 20 scientific papers, gave presentations, served as a reviewer for major robotic journals and conferences and most importantly he co-founded and built the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems- world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics. Starting this journal was a pivotal point in his career, since it was a pathway to founding IntechOpen - Open Access publisher focused on addressing academic researchers needs. Alex is a personification of IntechOpen key values being trusted, open and entrepreneurial. Today his focus is on defining the growth and development strategy for the company.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",middleName:null,surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/19816/images/1607_n.jpg",biography:"Alexander I. Kokorin: born: 1947, Moscow; DSc., PhD; Principal Research Fellow (Research Professor) of Department of Kinetics and Catalysis, N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.\r\nArea of research interests: physical chemistry of complex-organized molecular and nanosized systems, including polymer-metal complexes; the surface of doped oxide semiconductors. He is an expert in structural, absorptive, catalytic and photocatalytic properties, in structural organization and dynamic features of ionic liquids, in magnetic interactions between paramagnetic centers. The author or co-author of 3 books, over 200 articles and reviews in scientific journals and books. He is an actual member of the International EPR/ESR Society, European Society on Quantum Solar Energy Conversion, Moscow House of Scientists, of the Board of Moscow Physical Society.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics",country:{name:"Russia"}}},{id:"62389",title:"PhD.",name:"Ali Demir",middleName:null,surname:"Sezer",slug:"ali-demir-sezer",fullName:"Ali Demir Sezer",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/62389/images/3413_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Ali Demir Sezer has a Ph.D. from Pharmaceutical Biotechnology at the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Marmara (Turkey). He is the member of many Pharmaceutical Associations and acts as a reviewer of scientific journals and European projects under different research areas such as: drug delivery systems, nanotechnology and pharmaceutical biotechnology. Dr. Sezer is the author of many scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals and poster communications. Focus of his research activity is drug delivery, physico-chemical characterization and biological evaluation of biopolymers micro and nanoparticles as modified drug delivery system, and colloidal drug carriers (liposomes, nanoparticles etc.).",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Marmara University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"61051",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"100762",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"St David's Medical Center",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"107416",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"64434",title:"Dr.",name:"Angkoon",middleName:null,surname:"Phinyomark",slug:"angkoon-phinyomark",fullName:"Angkoon Phinyomark",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/64434/images/2619_n.jpg",biography:"My name is Angkoon Phinyomark. I received a B.Eng. degree in Computer Engineering with First Class Honors in 2008 from Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, where I received a Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering. My research interests are primarily in the area of biomedical signal processing and classification notably EMG (electromyography signal), EOG (electrooculography signal), and EEG (electroencephalography signal), image analysis notably breast cancer analysis and optical coherence tomography, and rehabilitation engineering. I became a student member of IEEE in 2008. During October 2011-March 2012, I had worked at School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom. In addition, during a B.Eng. I had been a visiting research student at Faculty of Computer Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain for three months.\n\nI have published over 40 papers during 5 years in refereed journals, books, and conference proceedings in the areas of electro-physiological signals processing and classification, notably EMG and EOG signals, fractal analysis, wavelet analysis, texture analysis, feature extraction and machine learning algorithms, and assistive and rehabilitative devices. I have several computer programming language certificates, i.e. Sun Certified Programmer for the Java 2 Platform 1.4 (SCJP), Microsoft Certified Professional Developer, Web Developer (MCPD), Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist, .NET Framework 2.0 Web (MCTS). I am a Reviewer for several refereed journals and international conferences, such as IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Optic Letters, Measurement Science Review, and also a member of the International Advisory Committee for 2012 IEEE Business Engineering and Industrial Applications and 2012 IEEE Symposium on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Joseph Fourier University",country:{name:"France"}}},{id:"55578",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Jurado-Navas",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",fullName:"Antonio Jurado-Navas",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",biography:"Antonio Jurado-Navas received the M.S. degree (2002) and the Ph.D. degree (2009) in Telecommunication Engineering, both from the University of Málaga (Spain). He first worked as a consultant at Vodafone-Spain. From 2004 to 2011, he was a Research Assistant with the Communications Engineering Department at the University of Málaga. In 2011, he became an Assistant Professor in the same department. From 2012 to 2015, he was with Ericsson Spain, where he was working on geo-location\ntools for third generation mobile networks. Since 2015, he is a Marie-Curie fellow at the Denmark Technical University. His current research interests include the areas of mobile communication systems and channel modeling in addition to atmospheric optical communications, adaptive optics and statistics",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Malaga",country:{name:"Spain"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:13389},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:11661},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:4168},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:22334},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:2019},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:33642}],offset:12,limit:12,total:135275},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{hasNoEditors:"0",sort:"-dateEndThirdStepPublish"},books:[{type:"book",id:"9985",title:"Geostatistics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"423cb3896195a618c4acb493ce4fd23d",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Jeffrey M. Yarus, Dr. Marko Maucec, Dr. Timothy C. Coburn and Associate Prof. Michael Pyrcz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9985.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"78011",title:"Prof.",name:"Jeffrey M.",surname:"Yarus",slug:"jeffrey-m.-yarus",fullName:"Jeffrey M. Yarus"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12112",title:"The Colorectal Surgery",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"21c65e742d31d5b69fb681ef78cfa0be",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Muhammad Shamim",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12112.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"235128",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",surname:"Shamim",slug:"muhammad-shamim",fullName:"Muhammad Shamim"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12079",title:"Strategies Towards the Synthesis of Heterocycles and Their Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"bc4022af925c0883636e0819008971ee",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Premlata Kumari and Dr. Amit B Patel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12079.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"177041",title:"Dr.",name:"Premlata",surname:"Kumari",slug:"premlata-kumari",fullName:"Premlata Kumari"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11998",title:"Biocomposites - Recent Advances",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"8bc7ffd7544fff1901301c787e64fada",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Magdy Elnashar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11998.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"12075",title:"Prof.",name:"Magdy",surname:"Elnashar",slug:"magdy-elnashar",fullName:"Magdy Elnashar"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11999",title:"Earthquakes - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"b2af07109b13b76e5af9583532ab5bee",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Walter Salazar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11999.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"236461",title:"Dr.",name:"Walter",surname:"Salazar",slug:"walter-salazar",fullName:"Walter Salazar"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12058",title:"Future Housing",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"e7f4a1e57fab392b61156956c1247b9e",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Ivan Oropeza-Perez and Dr. Astrid Helena Petzold-Rodríguez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12058.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"282172",title:"Dr.",name:"Ivan",surname:"Oropeza-Perez",slug:"ivan-oropeza-perez",fullName:"Ivan Oropeza-Perez"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12215",title:"Cell Death and Disease",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"dfd456a29478fccf4ebd3294137eb1e3",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Ke Xu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12215.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"59529",title:"Dr.",name:"Ke",surname:"Xu",slug:"ke-xu",fullName:"Ke Xu"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12113",title:"Tendons - Trauma, Inflammation, Degeneration, and Treatment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"2387a4e0d2a76883b16dcccd452281ab",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Nahum Rosenberg",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12113.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"68911",title:"Dr.",name:"Nahum",surname:"Rosenberg",slug:"nahum-rosenberg",fullName:"Nahum Rosenberg"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11500",title:"Multi-Objective Optimization - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"842f84f308439c0a55c4e8e6a8fd9c01",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Adel El-Shahat",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11500.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"193331",title:"Dr.",name:"Adel",surname:"El-Shahat",slug:"adel-el-shahat",fullName:"Adel El-Shahat"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12196",title:"Sepsis - New Perspectives",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"3590e6f6047122bd96d1d57da29c4054",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Lixing Huang, Dr. Youyu Zhang and Dr. Lingbin Sun",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12196.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"333148",title:"Dr.",name:"Lixing",surname:"Huang",slug:"lixing-huang",fullName:"Lixing Huang"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12102",title:"Current Trends in Ambulatory Care",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"fa37d79f81893fd0a9ab346ae1c3e4a9",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Xin-Nong Li",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12102.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"345917",title:"Dr.",name:"Xin-Nong",surname:"Li",slug:"xin-nong-li",fullName:"Xin-Nong Li"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12050",title:"Advanced Biodiesel - Technological Advances, Challenges, and Sustainability Considerations",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"bb86ab5c5ca0dab95f01941eb350f920",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. IMR Fattah",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12050.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"463663",title:"Dr.",name:"IMR",surname:"Fattah",slug:"imr-fattah",fullName:"IMR Fattah"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:24},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:16},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:18},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:39},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:5},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:15},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:64},{group:"topic",caption:"Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials",value:17,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:5},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:5},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:2}],offset:12,limit:12,total:251},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"7827",title:"Interpersonal Relationships",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ebf41f4d17c75010eb3294cc8cac3d47",slug:"interpersonal-relationships",bookSignature:"Martha Peaslee Levine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7827.jpg",editors:[{id:"186919",title:"Dr.",name:"Martha",middleName:null,surname:"Peaslee Levine",slug:"martha-peaslee-levine",fullName:"Martha Peaslee Levine"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10808",title:"Current Concepts in Dental Implantology",subtitle:"From Science to Clinical Research",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4af8830e463f89c57515c2da2b9777b0",slug:"current-concepts-in-dental-implantology-from-science-to-clinical-research",bookSignature:"Dragana Gabrić and Marko Vuletić",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10808.jpg",editors:[{id:"26946",title:"Prof.",name:"Dragana",middleName:null,surname:"Gabrić",slug:"dragana-gabric",fullName:"Dragana Gabrić"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10796",title:"Extracellular Vesicles",subtitle:"Role in Diseases, Pathogenesis and Therapy",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"eb5407fcf93baff7bca3fae5640153a2",slug:"extracellular-vesicles-role-in-diseases-pathogenesis-and-therapy",bookSignature:"Manash K. Paul",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10796.jpg",editors:[{id:"319365",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Manash K.",middleName:null,surname:"Paul",slug:"manash-k.-paul",fullName:"Manash K. Paul"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10908",title:"Advances in Decision Making",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"126486f7f91e18e2e3539a32c38be7b1",slug:"advances-in-decision-making",bookSignature:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10908.jpg",editors:[{id:"22844",title:"Prof.",name:"Fausto Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"García Márquez",slug:"fausto-pedro-garcia-marquez",fullName:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"95",title:"Applications and Experiences of Quality Control",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4bcb22b1eee68210a977a97d5a0f363a",slug:"applications-and-experiences-of-quality-control",bookSignature:"Ognyan Ivanov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/95.jpg",editors:[{id:"22230",title:"Prof.",name:"Ognyan",middleName:null,surname:"Ivanov",slug:"ognyan-ivanov",fullName:"Ognyan Ivanov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"2160",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications - Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dd9c658341fbd264ed4f8d9e6aa8ca29",slug:"matlab-a-fundamental-tool-for-scientific-computing-and-engineering-applications-volume-1",bookSignature:"Vasilios N. Katsikis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2160.jpg",editors:[{id:"12289",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasilios",middleName:"N.",surname:"Katsikis",slug:"vasilios-katsikis",fullName:"Vasilios Katsikis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3560",title:"Advances in Landscape Architecture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a20614517ec5f7e91188fe8e42832138",slug:"advances-in-landscape-architecture",bookSignature:"Murat Özyavuz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3560.jpg",editors:[{id:"93073",title:"Dr.",name:"Murat",middleName:null,surname:"Ozyavuz",slug:"murat-ozyavuz",fullName:"Murat Ozyavuz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10739",title:"Global Decline of Insects",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"543783652b9092962a8fa4bed38eeb17",slug:"global-decline-of-insects",bookSignature:"Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10739.jpg",editors:[{id:"192142",title:"Dr.",name:"Hamadttu",middleName:null,surname:"Abdel Farag El-Shafie",slug:"hamadttu-abdel-farag-el-shafie",fullName:"Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10911",title:"Higher Education",subtitle:"New Approaches to Accreditation, Digitalization, and Globalization in the Age of Covid",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"223a02337498e535e967174c1f648fbc",slug:"higher-education-new-approaches-to-accreditation-digitalization-and-globalization-in-the-age-of-covid",bookSignature:"Lee Waller and Sharon Waller",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10911.jpg",editors:[{id:"263301",title:"Dr.",name:"Lee",middleName:null,surname:"Waller",slug:"lee-waller",fullName:"Lee Waller"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3568",title:"Recent Advances in Plant in vitro Culture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"830bbb601742c85a3fb0eeafe1454c43",slug:"recent-advances-in-plant-in-vitro-culture",bookSignature:"Annarita Leva and Laura M. R. Rinaldi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3568.jpg",editors:[{id:"142145",title:"Dr.",name:"Annarita",middleName:null,surname:"Leva",slug:"annarita-leva",fullName:"Annarita Leva"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3737",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"Modelling, Programming and Simulations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"matlab-modelling-programming-and-simulations",bookSignature:"Emilson Pereira Leite",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3737.jpg",editors:[{id:"12051",title:"Prof.",name:"Emilson",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira Leite",slug:"emilson-pereira-leite",fullName:"Emilson Pereira Leite"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"1770",title:"Gel Electrophoresis",subtitle:"Principles and Basics",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"279701f6c802cf02deef45103e0611ff",slug:"gel-electrophoresis-principles-and-basics",bookSignature:"Sameh Magdeldin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1770.jpg",editors:[{id:"123648",title:"Dr.",name:"Sameh",middleName:null,surname:"Magdeldin",slug:"sameh-magdeldin",fullName:"Sameh Magdeldin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:4797},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"7827",title:"Interpersonal Relationships",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ebf41f4d17c75010eb3294cc8cac3d47",slug:"interpersonal-relationships",bookSignature:"Martha Peaslee Levine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7827.jpg",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",numberOfDownloads:7175,editors:[{id:"186919",title:"Dr.",name:"Martha",middleName:null,surname:"Peaslee Levine",slug:"martha-peaslee-levine",fullName:"Martha Peaslee Levine"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10808",title:"Current Concepts in Dental Implantology",subtitle:"From Science to Clinical Research",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4af8830e463f89c57515c2da2b9777b0",slug:"current-concepts-in-dental-implantology-from-science-to-clinical-research",bookSignature:"Dragana Gabrić and Marko Vuletić",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10808.jpg",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1981,editors:[{id:"26946",title:"Prof.",name:"Dragana",middleName:null,surname:"Gabrić",slug:"dragana-gabric",fullName:"Dragana Gabrić"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10796",title:"Extracellular Vesicles",subtitle:"Role in Diseases, Pathogenesis and Therapy",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"eb5407fcf93baff7bca3fae5640153a2",slug:"extracellular-vesicles-role-in-diseases-pathogenesis-and-therapy",bookSignature:"Manash K. Paul",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10796.jpg",publishedDate:"July 20th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2308,editors:[{id:"319365",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Manash K.",middleName:null,surname:"Paul",slug:"manash-k.-paul",fullName:"Manash K. Paul"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10908",title:"Advances in Decision Making",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"126486f7f91e18e2e3539a32c38be7b1",slug:"advances-in-decision-making",bookSignature:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10908.jpg",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1473,editors:[{id:"22844",title:"Prof.",name:"Fausto Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"García Márquez",slug:"fausto-pedro-garcia-marquez",fullName:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"95",title:"Applications and Experiences of Quality Control",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4bcb22b1eee68210a977a97d5a0f363a",slug:"applications-and-experiences-of-quality-control",bookSignature:"Ognyan Ivanov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/95.jpg",publishedDate:"April 26th 2011",numberOfDownloads:318571,editors:[{id:"22230",title:"Prof.",name:"Ognyan",middleName:null,surname:"Ivanov",slug:"ognyan-ivanov",fullName:"Ognyan Ivanov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"2160",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications - Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dd9c658341fbd264ed4f8d9e6aa8ca29",slug:"matlab-a-fundamental-tool-for-scientific-computing-and-engineering-applications-volume-1",bookSignature:"Vasilios N. Katsikis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2160.jpg",publishedDate:"September 26th 2012",numberOfDownloads:271836,editors:[{id:"12289",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasilios",middleName:"N.",surname:"Katsikis",slug:"vasilios-katsikis",fullName:"Vasilios Katsikis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3560",title:"Advances in Landscape Architecture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a20614517ec5f7e91188fe8e42832138",slug:"advances-in-landscape-architecture",bookSignature:"Murat Özyavuz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3560.jpg",publishedDate:"July 1st 2013",numberOfDownloads:243450,editors:[{id:"93073",title:"Dr.",name:"Murat",middleName:null,surname:"Ozyavuz",slug:"murat-ozyavuz",fullName:"Murat Ozyavuz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10739",title:"Global Decline of Insects",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"543783652b9092962a8fa4bed38eeb17",slug:"global-decline-of-insects",bookSignature:"Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10739.jpg",publishedDate:"July 20th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1582,editors:[{id:"192142",title:"Dr.",name:"Hamadttu",middleName:null,surname:"Abdel Farag El-Shafie",slug:"hamadttu-abdel-farag-el-shafie",fullName:"Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10911",title:"Higher Education",subtitle:"New Approaches to Accreditation, Digitalization, and Globalization in the Age of Covid",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"223a02337498e535e967174c1f648fbc",slug:"higher-education-new-approaches-to-accreditation-digitalization-and-globalization-in-the-age-of-covid",bookSignature:"Lee Waller and Sharon Waller",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10911.jpg",publishedDate:"July 13th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2082,editors:[{id:"263301",title:"Dr.",name:"Lee",middleName:null,surname:"Waller",slug:"lee-waller",fullName:"Lee Waller"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3568",title:"Recent Advances in Plant in vitro Culture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"830bbb601742c85a3fb0eeafe1454c43",slug:"recent-advances-in-plant-in-vitro-culture",bookSignature:"Annarita Leva and Laura M. R. Rinaldi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3568.jpg",publishedDate:"October 17th 2012",numberOfDownloads:256294,editors:[{id:"142145",title:"Dr.",name:"Annarita",middleName:null,surname:"Leva",slug:"annarita-leva",fullName:"Annarita Leva"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10808",title:"Current Concepts in Dental Implantology",subtitle:"From Science to Clinical Research",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4af8830e463f89c57515c2da2b9777b0",slug:"current-concepts-in-dental-implantology-from-science-to-clinical-research",bookSignature:"Dragana Gabrić and Marko Vuletić",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10808.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"26946",title:"Prof.",name:"Dragana",middleName:null,surname:"Gabrić",slug:"dragana-gabric",fullName:"Dragana Gabrić"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11328",title:"Botulinum Toxin",subtitle:"Recent Topics and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7dd05a316001cef143e209eda51387a7",slug:"botulinum-toxin-recent-topics-and-applications",bookSignature:"Suna Sabuncuoglu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11328.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"270856",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Suna",middleName:null,surname:"Sabuncuoglu",slug:"suna-sabuncuoglu",fullName:"Suna Sabuncuoglu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11085",title:"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome",subtitle:"Functional Investigation and Clinical Application",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3066dd3ff29e1fac072fd60b08d4d3e7",slug:"polycystic-ovary-syndrome-functional-investigation-and-clinical-application",bookSignature:"Zhengchao Wang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11085.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"204883",title:"Dr.",name:"Zhengchao",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"zhengchao-wang",fullName:"Zhengchao Wang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10833",title:"Tumor Angiogenesis and Modulators",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f29b575c46128b2da061ef7f9bd1070b",slug:"tumor-angiogenesis-and-modulators",bookSignature:"Ke Xu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10833.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"59529",title:"Dr.",name:"Ke",middleName:null,surname:"Xu",slug:"ke-xu",fullName:"Ke Xu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11356",title:"Molecular Cloning",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"671c629dd86e97f0fb467b9e70e92296",slug:"molecular-cloning",bookSignature:"Sadık Dincer, Hatice Aysun Mercimek Takcı and Melis Sumengen Ozdenef",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11356.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"188141",title:"Prof.",name:"Sadik",middleName:null,surname:"Dincer",slug:"sadik-dincer",fullName:"Sadik Dincer"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7827",title:"Interpersonal Relationships",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ebf41f4d17c75010eb3294cc8cac3d47",slug:"interpersonal-relationships",bookSignature:"Martha Peaslee Levine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7827.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"186919",title:"Dr.",name:"Martha",middleName:null,surname:"Peaslee Levine",slug:"martha-peaslee-levine",fullName:"Martha Peaslee Levine"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10908",title:"Advances in Decision Making",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"126486f7f91e18e2e3539a32c38be7b1",slug:"advances-in-decision-making",bookSignature:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10908.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"22844",title:"Prof.",name:"Fausto Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"García Márquez",slug:"fausto-pedro-garcia-marquez",fullName:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10669",title:"Corrosion",subtitle:"Fundamentals and Protection Mechanisms",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4a76d54f8a40fc2e7002a8d13fd617c1",slug:"corrosion-fundamentals-and-protection-mechanisms",bookSignature:"Fahmina Zafar, Anujit Ghosal and Eram Sharmin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10669.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"89672",title:"Dr.",name:"Fahmina",middleName:null,surname:"Zafar",slug:"fahmina-zafar",fullName:"Fahmina Zafar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10677",title:"Advanced Topics of Topology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bf964c52f9e653fac20a7fcab58070e5",slug:"advanced-topics-of-topology",bookSignature:"Francisco Bulnes",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10677.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"92918",title:"Dr.",name:"Francisco",middleName:null,surname:"Bulnes",slug:"francisco-bulnes",fullName:"Francisco Bulnes"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11195",title:"Recent Advances in Biometrics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2d32e33e0f499cb5241734bb75dd2a83",slug:"recent-advances-in-biometrics",bookSignature:"Muhammad Sarfraz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11195.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"215610",title:"Prof.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Sarfraz",slug:"muhammad-sarfraz",fullName:"Muhammad Sarfraz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"161",title:"Algebra",slug:"algebra",parent:{id:"15",title:"Mathematics",slug:"mathematics"},numberOfBooks:5,numberOfSeries:0,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:56,numberOfWosCitations:29,numberOfCrossrefCitations:7,numberOfDimensionsCitations:25,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicId:"161",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"10853",title:"Recent Advances in Polynomials",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9e8671bae09ccaa8b8e276c639a737fc",slug:"recent-advances-in-polynomials",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10853.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8599",title:"Polynomials",subtitle:"Theory and Application",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1c36cace7f309250a777c0f404a2d79f",slug:"polynomials-theory-and-application",bookSignature:"Cheon Seoung Ryoo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8599.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"230100",title:"Prof.",name:"Cheon Seoung",middleName:null,surname:"Ryoo",slug:"cheon-seoung-ryoo",fullName:"Cheon Seoung Ryoo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6526",title:"Matrix Theory",subtitle:"Applications and Theorems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"007221e88f11abf3c1bee9ba865c51b3",slug:"matrix-theory-applications-and-theorems",bookSignature:"Hassan A. Yasser",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6526.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"68107",title:"Prof.",name:"Hassan",middleName:"Abid",surname:"Yasser",slug:"hassan-yasser",fullName:"Hassan Yasser"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5134",title:"Applied Linear Algebra in Action",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2aeb0040a0135ad33564d0f5f19d6103",slug:"applied-linear-algebra-in-action",bookSignature:"Vasilios N. Katsikis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5134.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"12289",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasilios",middleName:"N.",surname:"Katsikis",slug:"vasilios-katsikis",fullName:"Vasilios Katsikis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2738",title:"Linear Algebra",subtitle:"Theorems and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7d4a676338d6da7a444a01743804f93a",slug:"linear-algebra-theorems-and-applications",bookSignature:"Hassan Abid Yasser",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2738.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"68107",title:"Prof.",name:"Hassan",middleName:"Abid",surname:"Yasser",slug:"hassan-yasser",fullName:"Hassan Yasser"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:5,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"37780",doi:"10.5772/46482",title:"Algebraic Theory of Appell Polynomials with Application to General Linear Interpolation Problem",slug:"algebraic-theory-of-appell-polynomials-with-application-to-general-linear-interpolation-problem",totalDownloads:3055,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:4,abstract:null,book:{id:"2738",slug:"linear-algebra-theorems-and-applications",title:"Linear Algebra",fullTitle:"Linear Algebra - Theorems and Applications"},signatures:"Francesco Aldo Costabile and Elisabetta Longo",authors:[{id:"143684",title:"Prof.",name:"Francesco A.",middleName:null,surname:"Costabile",slug:"francesco-a.-costabile",fullName:"Francesco A. Costabile"},{id:"145195",title:"Dr.",name:"Elisabetta",middleName:null,surname:"Longo",slug:"elisabetta-longo",fullName:"Elisabetta Longo"}]},{id:"37785",doi:"10.5772/48198",title:"Partition-Matrix Theory Applied to the Computation of Generalized-Inverses for MIMO Systems in Rayleigh Fading Channels",slug:"partition-matrix-theory-applied-to-the-computation-of-generalized-inverses-for-mimo-systems-in-rayle",totalDownloads:3255,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:3,abstract:null,book:{id:"2738",slug:"linear-algebra-theorems-and-applications",title:"Linear Algebra",fullTitle:"Linear Algebra - Theorems and Applications"},signatures:"P. Cervantes, L.F. González, F.J. Ortiz and A.D. García",authors:[{id:"140284",title:"Mr.",name:"Pedro C.",middleName:null,surname:"Lozano",slug:"pedro-c.-lozano",fullName:"Pedro C. Lozano"},{id:"154942",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Gonzalez",slug:"luis-gonzalez",fullName:"Luis Gonzalez"}]},{id:"37787",doi:"10.5772/48279",title:"Nonnegative Inverse Eigenvalue Problem",slug:"nonnegative-inverse-eigenvalue-problem",totalDownloads:3181,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:3,abstract:null,book:{id:"2738",slug:"linear-algebra-theorems-and-applications",title:"Linear Algebra",fullTitle:"Linear Algebra - Theorems and Applications"},signatures:"Ricardo L. Soto",authors:[{id:"141560",title:"PhD.",name:"Ricardo",middleName:null,surname:"Soto",slug:"ricardo-soto",fullName:"Ricardo Soto"}]},{id:"51171",doi:"10.5772/62233",title:"Some Recent Advances in Nonlinear Inverse Scattering in 2D: Theory and Numerics",slug:"some-recent-advances-in-nonlinear-inverse-scattering-in-2d-theory-and-numerics",totalDownloads:1890,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:"We survey our recently published results concerning scattering problems for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation",book:{id:"5134",slug:"applied-linear-algebra-in-action",title:"Applied Linear Algebra in Action",fullTitle:"Applied Linear Algebra in Action"},signatures:"Valery Serov, Markus Harju and Georgios Fotopoulos",authors:[{id:"111112",title:"Prof.",name:"Valery",middleName:null,surname:"Serov",slug:"valery-serov",fullName:"Valery Serov"},{id:"179195",title:"Dr.",name:"Markus",middleName:null,surname:"Harju",slug:"markus-harju",fullName:"Markus Harju"},{id:"179196",title:"Dr.",name:"Georgios",middleName:null,surname:"Fotopoulos",slug:"georgios-fotopoulos",fullName:"Georgios Fotopoulos"}]},{id:"60350",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.74105",title:"Cramer’s Rules for the System of Two-Sided Matrix Equations and of Its Special Cases",slug:"cramer-s-rules-for-the-system-of-two-sided-matrix-equations-and-of-its-special-cases",totalDownloads:1129,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:"Within the framework of the theory of row-column determinants previously introduced by the author, we get determinantal representations (analogs of Cramer’s rule) of a partial solution to the system of two-sided quaternion matrix equations A1XB1=C1, A2XB2=C2. We also give Cramer’s rules for its special cases when the first equation be one-sided. Namely, we consider the two systems with the first equation A1X=C1 and XB1=C1, respectively, and with an unchanging second equation. Cramer’s rules for special cases when two equations are one-sided, namely the system of the equations A1X=C1, XB2=C2, and the system of the equations A1X=C1, A2X=C2 are studied as well. Since the Moore-Penrose inverse is a necessary tool to solve matrix equations, we use its determinantal representations previously obtained by the author in terms of row-column determinants as well.",book:{id:"6526",slug:"matrix-theory-applications-and-theorems",title:"Matrix Theory",fullTitle:"Matrix Theory - Applications and Theorems"},signatures:"Ivan I. Kyrchei",authors:[{id:"226980",title:"Dr.",name:"Ivan",middleName:null,surname:"Kyrchei",slug:"ivan-kyrchei",fullName:"Ivan Kyrchei"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"50675",title:"Eigenvalue Problems",slug:"eigenvalue-problems",totalDownloads:2621,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"In natural sciences and engineering, are often used differential equations and systems of differential equations. Their solution leads to the problem of eigenvalues. Because of that, problem of eigenvalues occupies an important place in linear algebra. In this caption we will consider the problem of eigenvalues, and to linear and quadratic problems of eigenvalues. During the studying of linear problem of eigenvalues, we put emphasis on QR algorithm for unsymmetrical case and on minmax characterization of symmetric case. During the studying of quadratic problems of eingenvalue, we consider the linearization and variational characterization. We illustrate all with practical examples.",book:{id:"5134",slug:"applied-linear-algebra-in-action",title:"Applied Linear Algebra in Action",fullTitle:"Applied Linear Algebra in Action"},signatures:"Aleksandra Kostić",authors:[{id:"178893",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Aleksandra",middleName:null,surname:"Kostić",slug:"aleksandra-kostic",fullName:"Aleksandra Kostić"}]},{id:"60260",title:"Nature of Phyllotaxy and Topology of H-matrix",slug:"nature-of-phyllotaxy-and-topology-of-h-matrix",totalDownloads:1225,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"The main purpose of this chapter is to introduce a new type of regular matrix generated by Fibonacci numbers and we shall investigate its various topological properties. The concept of mathematical regularity in terms of Fibonacci numbers and phyllotaxy have been discussed.",book:{id:"6526",slug:"matrix-theory-applications-and-theorems",title:"Matrix Theory",fullTitle:"Matrix Theory - Applications and Theorems"},signatures:"Ab. Hamid Ganie",authors:[{id:"228760",title:"Dr.",name:"Abdul Hamid",middleName:null,surname:"Ganie",slug:"abdul-hamid-ganie",fullName:"Abdul Hamid Ganie"}]},{id:"60350",title:"Cramer’s Rules for the System of Two-Sided Matrix Equations and of Its Special Cases",slug:"cramer-s-rules-for-the-system-of-two-sided-matrix-equations-and-of-its-special-cases",totalDownloads:1128,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:"Within the framework of the theory of row-column determinants previously introduced by the author, we get determinantal representations (analogs of Cramer’s rule) of a partial solution to the system of two-sided quaternion matrix equations A1XB1=C1, A2XB2=C2. We also give Cramer’s rules for its special cases when the first equation be one-sided. Namely, we consider the two systems with the first equation A1X=C1 and XB1=C1, respectively, and with an unchanging second equation. Cramer’s rules for special cases when two equations are one-sided, namely the system of the equations A1X=C1, XB2=C2, and the system of the equations A1X=C1, A2X=C2 are studied as well. Since the Moore-Penrose inverse is a necessary tool to solve matrix equations, we use its determinantal representations previously obtained by the author in terms of row-column determinants as well.",book:{id:"6526",slug:"matrix-theory-applications-and-theorems",title:"Matrix Theory",fullTitle:"Matrix Theory - Applications and Theorems"},signatures:"Ivan I. Kyrchei",authors:[{id:"226980",title:"Dr.",name:"Ivan",middleName:null,surname:"Kyrchei",slug:"ivan-kyrchei",fullName:"Ivan Kyrchei"}]},{id:"65322",title:"A Numerical Investigation on the Structure of the Zeros of the Q-Tangent Polynomials",slug:"a-numerical-investigation-on-the-structure-of-the-zeros-of-the-q-tangent-polynomials",totalDownloads:1005,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"We introduce q-tangent polynomials and their basic properties including q-derivative and q-integral. By using Mathematica, we find approximate roots of q-tangent polynomials. We also investigate relations of zeros between q-tangent polynomials and classical tangent polynomials.",book:{id:"8599",slug:"polynomials-theory-and-application",title:"Polynomials",fullTitle:"Polynomials - Theory and Application"},signatures:"Jung Yoog Kang and Cheon Seoung Ryoo",authors:null},{id:"59479",title:"Matrices Which are Discrete Versions of Linear Operations",slug:"matrices-which-are-discrete-versions-of-linear-operations",totalDownloads:978,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"We introduce and study a matrix which has the exponential function as one of its eigenvectors. We realize that this matrix represents a set of finite differences derivation of vectors on a partition. This matrix leads to new expressions for finite differences derivatives which are exact for the exponential function. We find some properties of this matrix, the induced derivatives and of its inverse. We provide an expression for the derivative of a product, of a ratio, of the inverse of vectors, and we also find the equivalent of the summation by parts theorem of continuous functions. This matrix could be of interest to discrete quantum mechanics theory.",book:{id:"6526",slug:"matrix-theory-applications-and-theorems",title:"Matrix Theory",fullTitle:"Matrix Theory - Applications and Theorems"},signatures:"Armando Martínez Pérez and Gabino Torres Vega",authors:[{id:"93519",title:"Dr.",name:"Gabino",middleName:null,surname:"Torres-Vega",slug:"gabino-torres-vega",fullName:"Gabino Torres-Vega"},{id:"219225",title:"MSc.",name:"Armando",middleName:null,surname:"Martínez-Pérez",slug:"armando-martinez-perez",fullName:"Armando Martínez-Pérez"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"161",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:0,limit:8,total:null},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:90,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:108,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:33,numberOfPublishedChapters:330,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:14,numberOfPublishedChapters:145,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:141,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:123,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:112,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:22,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:11,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-6580",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}},{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",issn:"2753-6580",scope:"
\r\n\tTransforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development endorsed by United Nations and 193 Member States, came into effect on Jan 1, 2016, to guide decision making and actions to the year 2030 and beyond. Central to this Agenda are 17 Goals, 169 associated targets and over 230 indicators that are reviewed annually. The vision envisaged in the implementation of the SDGs is centered on the five Ps: People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace and Partnership. This call for renewed focused efforts ensure we have a safe and healthy planet for current and future generations.
\r\n
\r\n\t
\r\n
\r\n\tThis Series focuses on covering research and applied research involving the five Ps through the following topics:
\r\n
\r\n\t
\r\n
\r\n\t1. Sustainable Economy and Fair Society that relates to SDG 1 on No Poverty, SDG 2 on Zero Hunger, SDG 8 on Decent Work and Economic Growth, SDG 10 on Reduced Inequalities, SDG 12 on Responsible Consumption and Production, and SDG 17 Partnership for the Goals
\r\n
\r\n\t
\r\n
\r\n\t2. Health and Wellbeing focusing on SDG 3 on Good Health and Wellbeing and SDG 6 on Clean Water and Sanitation
\r\n
\r\n\t
\r\n
\r\n\t3. Inclusivity and Social Equality involving SDG 4 on Quality Education, SDG 5 on Gender Equality, and SDG 16 on Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
\r\n
\r\n\t
\r\n
\r\n\t4. Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability comprising SDG 13 on Climate Action, SDG 14 on Life Below Water, and SDG 15 on Life on Land
\r\n
\r\n\t
\r\n
\r\n\t5. Urban Planning and Environmental Management embracing SDG 7 on Affordable Clean Energy, SDG 9 on Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, and SDG 11 on Sustainable Cities and Communities.
\r\n
\r\n\t
\r\n
\r\n\tThe series also seeks to support the use of cross cutting SDGs, as many of the goals listed above, targets and indicators are all interconnected to impact our lives and the decisions we make on a daily basis, making them impossible to tie to a single topic.
",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/24.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"August 2nd, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:1,editor:{id:"262440",title:"Prof.",name:"Usha",middleName:null,surname:"Iyer-Raniga",slug:"usha-iyer-raniga",fullName:"Usha Iyer-Raniga",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRYSXQA4/Profile_Picture_2022-02-28T13:55:36.jpeg",biography:"Usha Iyer-Raniga is a professor in the School of Property and Construction Management at RMIT University. Usha co-leads the One Planet Network’s Sustainable Buildings and Construction Programme (SBC), a United Nations 10 Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production (UN 10FYP SCP) aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 12. The work also directly impacts SDG 11 on Sustainable Cities and Communities. She completed her undergraduate degree as an architect before obtaining her Masters degree from Canada and her Doctorate in Australia. Usha has been a keynote speaker as well as an invited speaker at national and international conferences, seminars and workshops. Her teaching experience includes teaching in Asian countries. She has advised Austrade, APEC, national, state and local governments. She serves as a reviewer and a member of the scientific committee for national and international refereed journals and refereed conferences. She is on the editorial board for refereed journals and has worked on Special Issues. Usha has served and continues to serve on the Boards of several not-for-profit organisations and she has also served as panel judge for a number of awards including the Premiers Sustainability Award in Victoria and the International Green Gown Awards. Usha has published over 100 publications, including research and consulting reports. Her publications cover a wide range of scientific and technical research publications that include edited books, book chapters, refereed journals, refereed conference papers and reports for local, state and federal government clients. She has also produced podcasts for various organisations and participated in media interviews. She has received state, national and international funding worth over USD $25 million. Usha has been awarded the Quarterly Franklin Membership by London Journals Press (UK). Her biography has been included in the Marquis Who's Who in the World® 2018, 2016 (33rd Edition), along with approximately 55,000 of the most accomplished men and women from around the world, including luminaries as U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. In 2017, Usha was awarded the Marquis Who’s Who Lifetime Achiever Award.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"RMIT University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Australia"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:5,paginationItems:[{id:"19",title:"Animal Science",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/19.jpg",editor:{id:"259298",title:"Dr.",name:"Edward",middleName:null,surname:"Narayan",slug:"edward-narayan",fullName:"Edward Narayan",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Edward Narayan graduated with Ph.D. degree in Biology from the University of the South Pacific and pioneered non-invasive reproductive and stress endocrinology tools for amphibians - the novel development and validation of non-invasive enzyme immunoassays for the evaluation of reproductive hormonal cycle and stress hormone responses to environmental stressors. \nDr. Narayan leads the Stress Lab (Comparative Physiology and Endocrinology) at the University of Queensland. A dynamic career research platform which is based on the thematic areas of comparative vertebrate physiology, stress endocrinology, reproductive endocrinology, animal health and welfare, and conservation biology. \nEdward has supervised 40 research students and published over 60 peer reviewed research.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Queensland",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Australia"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"258334",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos Eduardo",middleName:null,surname:"Fonseca-Alves",slug:"carlos-eduardo-fonseca-alves",fullName:"Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/258334/images/system/258334.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Paulista",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"191123",title:"Dr.",name:"Juan José",middleName:null,surname:"Valdez-Alarcón",slug:"juan-jose-valdez-alarcon",fullName:"Juan José Valdez-Alarcón",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSBfcQAG/Profile_Picture_1631354558068",institutionString:"Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo",institution:{name:"Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"161556",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria Dos Anjos",middleName:null,surname:"Pires",slug:"maria-dos-anjos-pires",fullName:"Maria Dos Anjos Pires",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bS8q2QAC/Profile_Picture_1633432838418",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"209839",title:"Dr.",name:"Marina",middleName:null,surname:"Spinu",slug:"marina-spinu",fullName:"Marina Spinu",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRLXpQAO/Profile_Picture_1630044895475",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"92185",title:"Dr.",name:"Sara",middleName:null,surname:"Savic",slug:"sara-savic",fullName:"Sara Savic",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/92185/images/system/92185.jfif",institutionString:'Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad"',institution:{name:'Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad"',institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Serbia"}}}]},{id:"20",title:"Animal Nutrition",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/20.jpg",editor:{id:"175967",title:"Dr.",name:"Manuel",middleName:null,surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",fullName:"Manuel Gonzalez Ronquillo",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",biography:"Dr. Manuel González Ronquillo obtained his doctorate degree from the University of Zaragoza, Spain, in 2001. He is a research professor at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico. He is also a level-2 researcher. He received a Fulbright-Garcia Robles fellowship for a postdoctoral stay at the US Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA in 2008–2009. He received grants from Alianza del Pacifico for a stay at the University of Magallanes, Chile, in 2014, and from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) to work in the Food and Agriculture Organization’s Animal Production and Health Division (AGA), Rome, Italy, in 2014–2015. He has collaborated with researchers from different countries and published ninety-eight journal articles. He teaches various degree courses in zootechnics, sheep production, and agricultural sciences and natural resources.\n\nDr. Ronquillo’s research focuses on the evaluation of sustainable animal diets (StAnD), using native resources of the region, decreasing carbon footprint, and applying meta-analysis and mathematical models for a better understanding of animal production.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"175762",title:"Dr.",name:"Alfredo J.",middleName:null,surname:"Escribano",slug:"alfredo-j.-escribano",fullName:"Alfredo J. Escribano",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRGnzQAG/Profile_Picture_1633076636544",institutionString:"Consultant and Independent Researcher in Industry Sector, Spain",institution:null},{id:"310962",title:"Dr.",name:"Amlan",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Patra",slug:"amlan-patra",fullName:"Amlan Patra",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/310962/images/system/310962.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"216995",title:"Prof.",name:"Figen",middleName:null,surname:"Kırkpınar",slug:"figen-kirkpinar",fullName:"Figen Kırkpınar",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRMzxQAG/Profile_Picture_1625722918145",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ege University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}}]},{id:"28",title:"Animal Reproductive Biology and Technology",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/28.jpg",editor:{id:"177225",title:"Prof.",name:"Rosa Maria Lino Neto",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"rosa-maria-lino-neto-pereira",fullName:"Rosa Maria Lino Neto Pereira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bS9wkQAC/Profile_Picture_1624519982291",biography:"Rosa Maria Lino Neto Pereira (DVM, MsC, PhD and) is currently a researcher at the Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Unit of the National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinarian Research (INIAV, Portugal). She is the head of the Reproduction and Embryology Laboratories and was lecturer of Reproduction and Reproductive Biotechnologies at Veterinary Medicine Faculty. She has over 25 years of experience working in reproductive biology and biotechnology areas with a special emphasis on embryo and gamete cryopreservation, for research and animal genetic resources conservation, leading research projects with several peer-reviewed papers. Rosa Pereira is member of the ERFP-FAO Ex situ Working Group and of the Management Commission of the Portuguese Animal Germplasm Bank.",institutionString:"The National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research. Portugal",institution:null},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"90066",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexandre",middleName:"Rodrigues",surname:"Silva",slug:"alexandre-silva",fullName:"Alexandre Silva",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRt8pQAC/Profile_Picture_1622531020756",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"176987",title:"Ph.D.",name:"María-José",middleName:"Carrascosa",surname:"Argente",slug:"maria-jose-argente",fullName:"María-José Argente",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bS9vOQAS/Profile_Picture_1630330499537",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Miguel Hernandez University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"321396",title:"Prof.",name:"Muhammad Subhan",middleName:null,surname:"Qureshi",slug:"muhammad-subhan-qureshi",fullName:"Muhammad Subhan Qureshi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/321396/images/system/321396.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Agriculture",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Pakistan"}}},{id:"183723",title:"Dr.",name:"Xiaojun",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",slug:"xiaojun-liu",fullName:"Xiaojun Liu",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/183723/images/system/183723.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:null}]}]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:27,paginationItems:[{id:"83092",title:"Novel Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106255",signatures:"Pugalanthipandian Sankaralingam, Poornimadevi Sakthivel and Vijayakumar Chinnaswamy Thangavel",slug:"novel-composites-for-bone-tissue-engineering",totalDownloads:0,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biomimetics - Bridging the Gap",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11453.jpg",subseries:{id:"8",title:"Bioinspired Technology and Biomechanics"}}},{id:"82800",title:"Repurposing Drugs as Potential Therapeutics for the SARS-Cov-2 Viral Infection: Automatizing a Blind Molecular Docking High-throughput Pipeline",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105792",signatures:"Aldo Herrera-Rodulfo, Mariana Andrade-Medina and Mauricio Carrillo-Tripp",slug:"repurposing-drugs-as-potential-therapeutics-for-the-sars-cov-2-viral-infection-automatizing-a-blind-",totalDownloads:8,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Molecular Docking - Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11451.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"82582",title:"Protecting Bioelectric Signals from Electromagnetic Interference in a Wireless World",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105951",signatures:"David Marcarian",slug:"protecting-bioelectric-signals-from-electromagnetic-interference-in-a-wireless-world",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"82586",title:"Fundamentals of Molecular Docking and Comparative Analysis of Protein–Small-Molecule Docking Approaches",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105815",signatures:"Maden Sefika Feyza, Sezer Selin and Acuner Saliha Ece",slug:"fundamentals-of-molecular-docking-and-comparative-analysis-of-protein-small-molecule-docking-approac",totalDownloads:27,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Molecular Docking - Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11451.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}}]},overviewPagePublishedBooks:{paginationCount:12,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"6692",title:"Medical and Biological Image Analysis",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6692.jpg",slug:"medical-and-biological-image-analysis",publishedDate:"July 4th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Robert Koprowski",hash:"e75f234a0fc1988d9816a94e4c724deb",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Medical and Biological Image Analysis",editors:[{id:"50150",title:"Prof.",name:"Robert",middleName:null,surname:"Koprowski",slug:"robert-koprowski",fullName:"Robert Koprowski",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYTYNQA4/Profile_Picture_1630478535317",biography:"Robert Koprowski, MD (1997), PhD (2003), Habilitation (2015), is an employee of the University of Silesia, Poland, Institute of Computer Science, Department of Biomedical Computer Systems. For 20 years, he has studied the analysis and processing of biomedical images, emphasizing the full automation of measurement for a large inter-individual variability of patients. Dr. Koprowski has authored more than a hundred research papers with dozens in impact factor (IF) journals and has authored or co-authored six books. Additionally, he is the author of several national and international patents in the field of biomedical devices and imaging. Since 2011, he has been a reviewer of grants and projects (including EU projects) in biomedical engineering.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Silesia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7218",title:"OCT",subtitle:"Applications in Ophthalmology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7218.jpg",slug:"oct-applications-in-ophthalmology",publishedDate:"September 19th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Michele Lanza",hash:"e3a3430cdfd6999caccac933e4613885",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"OCT - Applications in Ophthalmology",editors:[{id:"240088",title:"Prof.",name:"Michele",middleName:null,surname:"Lanza",slug:"michele-lanza",fullName:"Michele Lanza",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/240088/images/system/240088.png",biography:"Michele Lanza is Associate Professor of Ophthalmology at Università della Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy. His fields of interest are anterior segment disease, keratoconus, glaucoma, corneal dystrophies, and cataracts. His research topics include\nintraocular lens power calculation, eye modification induced by refractive surgery, glaucoma progression, and validation of new diagnostic devices in ophthalmology. \nHe has published more than 100 papers in international and Italian scientific journals, more than 60 in journals with impact factors, and chapters in international and Italian books. He has also edited two international books and authored more than 150 communications or posters for the most important international and Italian ophthalmology conferences.",institutionString:'University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"',institution:{name:'University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"',institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7560",title:"Non-Invasive Diagnostic Methods",subtitle:"Image Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7560.jpg",slug:"non-invasive-diagnostic-methods-image-processing",publishedDate:"December 19th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Mariusz Marzec and Robert Koprowski",hash:"d92fd8cf5a90a47f2b8a310837a5600e",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Non-Invasive Diagnostic Methods - Image Processing",editors:[{id:"253468",title:"Dr.",name:"Mariusz",middleName:null,surname:"Marzec",slug:"mariusz-marzec",fullName:"Mariusz Marzec",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/253468/images/system/253468.png",biography:"An assistant professor at Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, at Institute of Computer Science, Silesian University in Katowice. Scientific interests: computer analysis and processing of images, biomedical images, databases and programming languages. He is an author and co-author of scientific publications covering analysis and processing of biomedical images and development of database systems.",institutionString:"University of Silesia",institution:{name:"University of Silesia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"6843",title:"Biomechanics",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6843.jpg",slug:"biomechanics",publishedDate:"January 30th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Hadi Mohammadi",hash:"85132976010be1d7f3dbd88662b785e5",volumeInSeries:4,fullTitle:"Biomechanics",editors:[{id:"212432",title:"Prof.",name:"Hadi",middleName:null,surname:"Mohammadi",slug:"hadi-mohammadi",fullName:"Hadi Mohammadi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/212432/images/system/212432.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Hadi Mohammadi is a biomedical engineer with hands-on experience in the design and development of many engineering structures and medical devices through various projects that he has been involved in over the past twenty years. Dr. Mohammadi received his BSc. and MSc. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, and his PhD. degree in Biomedical Engineering (biomaterials) from the University of Western Ontario. He was a postdoctoral trainee for almost four years at University of Calgary and Harvard Medical School. He is an industry innovator having created the technology to produce lifelike synthetic platforms that can be used for the simulation of almost all cardiovascular reconstructive surgeries. He’s been heavily involved in the design and development of cardiovascular devices and technology for the past 10 years. He is currently an Assistant Professor with the University of British Colombia, Canada.",institutionString:"University of British Columbia",institution:{name:"University of British Columbia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Canada"}}}]}]},openForSubmissionBooks:{paginationCount:2,paginationItems:[{id:"11474",title:"Quality of Life Interventions - Magnitude of Effect and Transferability",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11474.jpg",hash:"5a6bcdaf5ee144d043bcdab893ff9e1c",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"July 7th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"245319",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sage",surname:"Arbor",slug:"sage-arbor",fullName:"Sage Arbor"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11473",title:"Social Inequality - Structure and Social Processes",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11473.jpg",hash:"cefab077e403fd1695fb2946e7914942",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"July 13th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"313341",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Yaroslava",surname:"Robles-Bykbaev",slug:"yaroslava-robles-bykbaev",fullName:"Yaroslava Robles-Bykbaev"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:9,paginationItems:[{id:"82936",title:"Soil Degradation Processes Linked to Long-Term Forest-Type Damage",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106390",signatures:"Pavel Samec, Aleš Kučera and Gabriela Tomášová",slug:"soil-degradation-processes-linked-to-long-term-forest-type-damage",totalDownloads:3,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Forest Degradation Under Global Change",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11457.jpg",subseries:{id:"94",title:"Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability"}}},{id:"82777",title:"Sustainability and Social Investment: Community Microhydropower Systems in the Dominican Republic",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105995",signatures:"Michela Izzo, Alberto Sánchez and Rafael Fonseca",slug:"sustainability-and-social-investment-community-microhydropower-systems-in-the-dominican-republic",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Globalization and Sustainability - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Emerging Issues",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11476.jpg",subseries:{id:"91",title:"Sustainable Economy and Fair Society"}}},{id:"82387",title:"Kept Promises? The Evolution of the EU Financial Contribution to Climate Change",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105541",signatures:"Cecilia Camporeale, Roberto Del Ciello and Mario Jorizzo",slug:"kept-promises-the-evolution-of-the-eu-financial-contribution-to-climate-change",totalDownloads:11,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Mario",surname:"Jorizzo"},{name:"Cecilia",surname:"Camporeale"},{name:"ROBERTO",surname:"DEL CIELLO"}],book:{title:"Globalization and Sustainability - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Emerging Issues",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11476.jpg",subseries:{id:"91",title:"Sustainable Economy and Fair Society"}}},{id:"82524",title:"Italy’s Small Exporting Companies: Globalization and Sustainability Issues",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105542",signatures:"Roberta Pace and Francesca Mandanici",slug:"italy-s-small-exporting-companies-globalization-and-sustainability-issues",totalDownloads:13,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Globalization and Sustainability - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Emerging Issues",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11476.jpg",subseries:{id:"91",title:"Sustainable Economy and Fair Society"}}},{id:"82427",title:"Our Globalization Era among Success, Obstacles and Doubts",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105545",signatures:"Arnaldo Canziani, Annalisa Baldissera and Ahmad Kahwaji",slug:"our-globalization-era-among-success-obstacles-and-doubts",totalDownloads:20,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Globalization and Sustainability - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Emerging Issues",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11476.jpg",subseries:{id:"91",title:"Sustainable Economy and Fair Society"}}},{id:"82248",title:"Sustainability and Excellence: Pillars for Business Survival",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105420",signatures:"Irina Severin, Maria Cristina Dijmarescu and Mihai Caramihai",slug:"sustainability-and-excellence-pillars-for-business-survival",totalDownloads:7,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Globalization and Sustainability - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Emerging Issues",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11476.jpg",subseries:{id:"91",title:"Sustainable Economy and Fair Society"}}},{id:"82124",title:"Assessment of Diversity, Growth Characteristics and Aboveground Biomass of Tree Species in Selected Urban Green Areas of Osogbo, Osun State",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104982",signatures:"Omolara Aremu, Olusola O. Adetoro and Olusegun Awotoye",slug:"assessment-of-diversity-growth-characteristics-and-aboveground-biomass-of-tree-species-in-selected-u",totalDownloads:6,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Forest Degradation Under Global Change",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11457.jpg",subseries:{id:"94",title:"Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability"}}},{id:"81920",title:"Rethinking an Approach for Sustainable Globalization",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105141",signatures:"Parakram Pyakurel",slug:"rethinking-an-approach-for-sustainable-globalization",totalDownloads:29,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Globalization and Sustainability - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Emerging Issues",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11476.jpg",subseries:{id:"91",title:"Sustainable Economy and Fair Society"}}},{id:"81428",title:"Observatory of Sustainable Development in Postgraduate Study Programs in Baja California",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104641",signatures:"Rodolfo Martinez-Gutierrez, Maria Marcela Solis-Quinteros, Maria Esther Ibarra-Estrada and Angel Ernesto Jimenez-Bernardino",slug:"observatory-of-sustainable-development-in-postgraduate-study-programs-in-baja-california",totalDownloads:13,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Globalization and Sustainability - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Emerging Issues",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11476.jpg",subseries:{id:"91",title:"Sustainable Economy and Fair Society"}}}]},subseriesFiltersForOFChapters:[{caption:"Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability",value:94,count:2,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Sustainable Economy and Fair Society",value:91,count:7,group:"subseries"}],publishedBooks:{paginationCount:1,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"10897",title:"Food Systems Resilience",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10897.jpg",slug:"food-systems-resilience",publishedDate:"July 13th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Ana I. Ribeiro-Barros, Daniel S. Tevera, Luís F. Goulao and Lucas D. Tivana",hash:"ae9dd92f53433e4607f1db188dc649b4",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Food Systems Resilience",editors:[{id:"171036",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana I.",middleName:null,surname:"Ribeiro-Barros",slug:"ana-i.-ribeiro-barros",fullName:"Ana I. Ribeiro-Barros",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/171036/images/system/171036.jpg",institutionString:"University of Lisbon",institution:{name:"University of Lisbon",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},subseriesFiltersForPublishedBooks:[{group:"subseries",caption:"Sustainable Economy and Fair Society",value:91,count:1}],publicationYearFilters:[{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2022",value:2022,count:1}],authors:{paginationCount:25,paginationItems:[{id:"429683",title:"Dr.",name:"Bilal",middleName:null,surname:"Khalid",slug:"bilal-khalid",fullName:"Bilal Khalid",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/429683/images/system/429683.png",biography:"Dr. Bilal Khalid received a Ph.D. in Industrial Business Administration from KMITL Business School, Bangkok, in 2021, and a master’s in International Business Management from Stamford International University, Bangkok, in 2017. Dr. Khalid\\'s research interests include leadership and negotiations, digital transformations, gamification, eLearning, blockchain, Big Data, and management of information technology. Dr. Bilal Khalid also serves as an academic editor at Education Research International and a reviewer for international journals.",institutionString:"KMITL Business School",institution:{name:"King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang",country:{name:"Thailand"}}},{id:"418514",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Mohiuddin",slug:"muhammad-mohiuddin",fullName:"Muhammad Mohiuddin",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000038UqSfQAK/Profile_Picture_2022-05-13T10:39:03.jpg",biography:"Dr. Muhammad Mohiuddin is an Associate Professor of International Business at Laval University, Canada. He has taught at Thompson Rivers University, Canada; University of Paris-Est, France; Osnabruck University of Applied Science, Germany; and Shanghai Institute of Technology and Tianjin University of Technology, China. He has published research in Research Policy, Applied Economics, Review of Economic Philosophy, Strategic Change, International Journal of Logistics, Sustainability, Journal of Environmental Management, Journal of Global Information Management, Journal of Cleaner Production, M@N@GEMENT, and more. He is a member of CEDIMES Institut (France), Academy of International Business (AIB), Strategic Management Society (SMS), Academy of Management (AOM), Administrative Science Association of Canada (ASAC), and Canadian council of small business and entrepreneurship (CCSBE). He is currently the director of the Research Group on Contemporary Asia (GERAC) at Laval University. He is also co-managing editor of Transnational Corporations Review and a guest editor for Electronic Commerce Research and Journal of Internet Technology.",institutionString:"Université Laval",institution:{name:"Université Laval",country:{name:"Canada"}}},{id:"189147",title:"Dr.",name:"Hailan",middleName:null,surname:"Salamun",slug:"hailan-salamun",fullName:"Hailan Salamun",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/189147/images/19274_n.jpeg",biography:"Hailan Salamun, (Dr.) was born in Selangor, Malaysia and graduated from Tunku Ampuan Jamaah Religious High School at Shah Alam. Obtained a degree from the International Islamic University (UIA), Gombak in the field of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage. Next, I furthered my studies to the professional level to obtain a Diploma in Education at UIA. After serving for several years in school, I furthered my studies to the Master of Dakwah and Leadership at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi. I graduated with a Doctor of Philosophy in Principalship Leadership from the University of Malaya (UM) in 2010. I am currently a senior lecturer in the Department of Nationalism and Civilization, Center for Basic and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu. Prior to that, I had served in several educational institutions such as schools, the Institute of Teacher Education (IPG), and also the University of Malaya. I am also actively involved in paper presentation, writing and publishing. My research interests are focused on leadership, education, society and Islamic civilization. This area of research requires a detailed understanding of Islamic studies and research studies in leadership. Another research interest that I have explored recently is the politics of the Malay community and also the leadership of the mosque.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Malaysia Terengganu",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"442081",title:"Dr.",name:"Audrey",middleName:null,surname:"Addy",slug:"audrey-addy",fullName:"Audrey Addy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology",country:{name:"Ghana"}}},{id:"442083",title:"Dr.",name:"James",middleName:null,surname:"Addy",slug:"james-addy",fullName:"James Addy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ghana Health Service",country:{name:"Ghana"}}},{id:"437993",title:"Mr.",name:"Job",middleName:null,surname:"Jackson",slug:"job-jackson",fullName:"Job Jackson",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Management College of Southern Africa",country:{name:"South Africa"}}},{id:"437991",title:"Prof.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Hoque",slug:"muhammad-hoque",fullName:"Muhammad Hoque",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Management College of Southern Africa",country:{name:"South Africa"}}},{id:"428495",title:"Prof.",name:"Asyraf",middleName:null,surname:"Ab Rahman",slug:"asyraf-ab-rahman",fullName:"Asyraf Ab Rahman",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Malaysia Terengganu",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"421024",title:"Prof.",name:"Harold Andrew",middleName:null,surname:"Patrick",slug:"harold-andrew-patrick",fullName:"Harold Andrew Patrick",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Jain University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"429650",title:"Dr.",name:"Jacqueline",middleName:null,surname:"Kareem",slug:"jacqueline-kareem",fullName:"Jacqueline Kareem",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Christ University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"421041",title:"Dr.",name:"Sunil",middleName:null,surname:"Kumar Ramdas",slug:"sunil-kumar-ramdas",fullName:"Sunil Kumar Ramdas",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Jain University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"421833",title:"Mr.",name:"Eugene",middleName:null,surname:"Owusu-Acheampong",slug:"eugene-owusu-acheampong",fullName:"Eugene Owusu-Acheampong",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Ghana",country:{name:"Ghana"}}},{id:"421826",title:"Dr.",name:"Inusah",middleName:null,surname:"Salifu",slug:"inusah-salifu",fullName:"Inusah Salifu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Ghana",country:{name:"Ghana"}}},{id:"420823",title:"Prof.",name:"Gardênia da Silva",middleName:null,surname:"Abbad",slug:"gardenia-da-silva-abbad",fullName:"Gardênia da Silva Abbad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Brasília",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"437613",title:"MSc.",name:"Juliana",middleName:null,surname:"Legentil",slug:"juliana-legentil",fullName:"Juliana Legentil",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Brasília",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"239876",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Luciana",middleName:null,surname:"Mourão",slug:"luciana-mourao",fullName:"Luciana Mourão",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Salgado de Oliveira",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"421735",title:"Dr.",name:"elizabeth",middleName:null,surname:"addy",slug:"elizabeth-addy",fullName:"elizabeth addy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421006",title:"Dr.",name:"Anna",middleName:null,surname:"Uster",slug:"anna-uster",fullName:"Anna Uster",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"470243",title:"Dr.",name:"Md Samim",middleName:null,surname:"Al Azad",slug:"md-samim-al-azad",fullName:"Md Samim Al Azad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"470244",title:"Dr.",name:"Slimane",middleName:null,surname:"Ed-dafali",slug:"slimane-ed-dafali",fullName:"Slimane Ed-dafali",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421011",title:"Dr.",name:"Afatakpa",middleName:null,surname:"Fortune",slug:"afatakpa-fortune",fullName:"Afatakpa Fortune",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"446057",title:"Mr.",name:"Okedare",middleName:null,surname:"David Olubukunmi",slug:"okedare-david-olubukunmi",fullName:"Okedare David Olubukunmi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421778",title:"Dr.",name:"Fatimah",middleName:"Saeed",surname:"AlAhmari",slug:"fatimah-alahmari",fullName:"Fatimah AlAhmari",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421065",title:"Ms.",name:"Euzália",middleName:null,surname:"do Rosário Botelho Tomé",slug:"euzalia-do-rosario-botelho-tome",fullName:"Euzália do Rosário Botelho Tomé",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421053",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Ken",middleName:null,surname:"Kalala Ndalamba",slug:"ken-kalala-ndalamba",fullName:"Ken Kalala Ndalamba",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"91",type:"subseries",title:"Sustainable Economy and Fair Society",keywords:"Sustainable, Society, Economy, Digitalization, KPIs, Decision Making, Business, Digital Footprint",scope:"
\r\n\tGlobally, the ecological footprint is growing at a faster rate than GDP. This phenomenon has been studied by scientists for many years. However, clear strategies and actions are needed now more than ever. Every day, humanity, from individuals to businesses (public and private) and governments, are called to change their mindset in order to pursue a virtuous combination for sustainable development. Reasoning in a sustainable way entails, first and foremost, managing the available resources efficiently and strategically, whether they are natural, financial, human or relational. In this way, value is generated by contributing to the growth, improvement and socio-economic development of the communities and of all the players that make up its value chain. In the coming decades, we will need to be able to transition from a society in which economic well-being and health are measured by the growth of production and material consumption, to a society in which we live better while consuming less. In this context, digitization has the potential to disrupt processes, with significant implications for the environment and sustainable development. There are numerous challenges associated with sustainability and digitization, the need to consider new business models capable of extracting value, data ownership and sharing and integration, as well as collaboration across the entire supply chain of a product. In order to generate value, effectively developing a complex system based on sustainability principles is a challenge that requires a deep commitment to both technological factors, such as data and platforms, and human dimensions, such as trust and collaboration. Regular study, research and implementation must be part of the road to sustainable solutions. Consequently, this topic will analyze growth models and techniques aimed at achieving intergenerational equity in terms of economic, social and environmental well-being. It will also cover various subjects, including risk assessment in the context of sustainable economy and a just society.
",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/91.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!0,hasPublishedBooks:!0,annualVolume:11975,editor:{id:"181603",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonella",middleName:null,surname:"Petrillo",slug:"antonella-petrillo",fullName:"Antonella Petrillo",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/181603/images/system/181603.jpg",biography:"Antonella Petrillo, Ph.D., is a professor in the Department of Engineering, University of Naples “Parthenope,” Italy. She received her Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy. Her research interests include multi-criteria decision analysis, industrial plants, logistics, manufacturing, and safety. She serves as an associate editor for the International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process and is an editorial board member for several other journals. She is also a member of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Academy.",institutionString:"Parthenope University of Naples",institution:{name:"Parthenope University of Naples",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,series:{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",issn:"2753-6580"},editorialBoard:[{id:"179628",title:"Prof.",name:"Dima",middleName:null,surname:"Jamali",slug:"dima-jamali",fullName:"Dima Jamali",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSAIlQAO/Profile_Picture_2022-03-07T08:52:23.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Sharjah",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Arab Emirates"}}},{id:"170206",title:"Prof.",name:"Dr. Orhan",middleName:null,surname:"Özçatalbaş",slug:"dr.-orhan-ozcatalbas",fullName:"Dr. Orhan Özçatalbaş",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/170206/images/system/170206.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Akdeniz University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"250347",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Isaac",middleName:null,surname:"Oluwatayo",slug:"isaac-oluwatayo",fullName:"Isaac Oluwatayo",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRVIVQA4/Profile_Picture_2022-03-17T13:25:32.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Venda",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"South Africa"}}},{id:"141386",title:"Prof.",name:"Jesús",middleName:null,surname:"López-Rodríguez",slug:"jesus-lopez-rodriguez",fullName:"Jesús López-Rodríguez",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRBNIQA4/Profile_Picture_2022-03-21T08:24:16.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of A Coruña",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"208657",title:"Dr.",name:"Mara",middleName:null,surname:"Del Baldo",slug:"mara-del-baldo",fullName:"Mara Del Baldo",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRLMUQA4/Profile_Picture_2022-05-18T08:19:24.png",institutionString:"University of Urbino Carlo Bo",institution:{name:"University of Urbino",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:26,paginationItems:[{id:"83087",title:"Role of Cellular Responses in Periodontal Tissue Destruction",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106645",signatures:"Nam Cong-Nhat Huynh",slug:"role-of-cellular-responses-in-periodontal-tissue-destruction",totalDownloads:1,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Periodontology - New Insights",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11566.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"82654",title:"Atraumatic Restorative Treatment: More than a Minimally Invasive Approach?",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105623",signatures:"Manal A. Ablal",slug:"atraumatic-restorative-treatment-more-than-a-minimally-invasive-approach",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Dental Caries - The Selection of Restoration Methods and Restorative Materials",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11565.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"82735",title:"The Influence of Salivary pH on the Prevalence of Dental Caries",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106154",signatures:"Laura-Cristina Rusu, Alexandra Roi, Ciprian-Ioan Roi, Codruta Victoria Tigmeanu and Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean",slug:"the-influence-of-salivary-ph-on-the-prevalence-of-dental-caries",totalDownloads:12,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Dental Caries - The Selection of Restoration Methods and Restorative Materials",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11565.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"82357",title:"Caries Management Aided by Fluorescence-Based Devices",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105567",signatures:"Atena Galuscan, Daniela Jumanca and Aurora Doris Fratila",slug:"caries-management-aided-by-fluorescence-based-devices",totalDownloads:6,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Dental Caries - The Selection of Restoration Methods and Restorative Materials",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11565.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"81894",title:"Diet and Nutrition and Their Relationship with Early Childhood Dental Caries",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105123",signatures:"Luanna Gonçalves Ferreira, Giuliana de Campos Chaves Lamarque and Francisco Wanderley Garcia Paula-Silva",slug:"diet-and-nutrition-and-their-relationship-with-early-childhood-dental-caries",totalDownloads:20,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Dental Caries - The Selection of Restoration Methods and Restorative Materials",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11565.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"80964",title:"Upper Airway Expansion in Disabled Children",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102830",signatures:"David Andrade, Joana Andrade, Maria-João Palha, Cristina Areias, Paula Macedo, Ana Norton, Miguel Palha, Lurdes Morais, Dóris Rocha Ruiz and Sônia Groisman",slug:"upper-airway-expansion-in-disabled-children",totalDownloads:44,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Oral Health Care - An Important Issue of the Modern Society",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10827.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"80839",title:"Herbs and Oral Health",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103715",signatures:"Zuhair S. Natto",slug:"herbs-and-oral-health",totalDownloads:69,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Oral Health Care - An Important Issue of the Modern Society",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10827.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"80441",title:"Periodontitis and Heart Disease: Current Perspectives on the Associative Relationships and Preventive Impact",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102669",signatures:"Alexandra Roman, Andrada Soancă, Bogdan Caloian, Alexandru Bucur, Gabriela Valentina Caracostea, Andreia Paraschiva Preda, Dora Maria Popescu, Iulia Cristina Micu, Petra Șurlin, Andreea Ciurea, Diana Oneț, Mircea Viorel Ciurea, Dragoș Alexandru Țermure and Marius Negucioiu",slug:"periodontitis-and-heart-disease-current-perspectives-on-the-associative-relationships-and-preventive",totalDownloads:66,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Oral Health Care - An Important Issue of the Modern Society",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10827.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"79498",title:"Oral Aspects and Dental Management of Special Needs Patient",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101067",signatures:"Pinar Kiymet Karataban",slug:"oral-aspects-and-dental-management-of-special-needs-patient",totalDownloads:113,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Pinar",surname:"Karataban"}],book:{title:"Oral Health Care - An Important Issue of the Modern Society",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10827.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"79699",title:"Metabolomics Distinction of Cigarette Smokers from Non-Smokers Using Non-Stationary Benchtop Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Analysis of Human Saliva",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101414",signatures:"Benita C. Percival, Angela Wann, Sophie Taylor, Mark Edgar, Miles Gibson and Martin Grootveld",slug:"metabolomics-distinction-of-cigarette-smokers-from-non-smokers-using-non-stationary-benchtop-nuclear",totalDownloads:56,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Oral Health Care - An Important Issue of the Modern Society",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10827.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"80295",title:"Preventive Methods and Treatments of White Spot Lesions in Orthodontics",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102064",signatures:"Elif Nadide Akay",slug:"preventive-methods-and-treatments-of-white-spot-lesions-in-orthodontics",totalDownloads:89,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Oral Health Care - An Important Issue of the Modern Society",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10827.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"79876",title:"Management and Prevention Strategies for Treating Dentine Hypersensitivity",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101495",signatures:"David G. Gillam",slug:"management-and-prevention-strategies-for-treating-dentine-hypersensitivity",totalDownloads:94,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Oral Health Care - An Important Issue of the Modern Society",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10827.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"80020",title:"Alternative Denture Base Materials for Allergic Patients",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101956",signatures:"Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean, Laura-Cristina Rusu and Codruta Victoria Tigmeanu",slug:"alternative-denture-base-materials-for-allergic-patients",totalDownloads:198,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Oral Health Care - An Important Issue of the Modern Society",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10827.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"79297",title:"Oral Health and Prevention in Older Adults",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101043",signatures:"Irma Fabiola Díaz-García, Dinorah Munira Hernández-Santos, Julio Alberto Díaz-Ramos and Neyda Ma. Mendoza-Ruvalcaba",slug:"oral-health-and-prevention-in-older-adults",totalDownloads:113,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Oral Health Care - An Important Issue of the Modern Society",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10827.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"79903",title:"Molecular Docking of Phytochemicals against Streptococcus mutans Virulence Targets: A Proteomic Insight into Drug Planning",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101506",signatures:"Diego Romário da Silva, Tahyná Duda Deps, Otavio Akira Souza Sakaguchi, Edja Maria Melo de Brito Costa, Carlus Alberto Oliveira dos Santos, Joanilda Paolla Raimundo e Silva, Bruna Dantas da Silva, Frederico Favaro Ribeiro, Francisco Jaime Bezerra Mendonça-Júnior and Andréa Cristina Barbosa da Silva",slug:"molecular-docking-of-phytochemicals-against-em-streptococcus-mutans-em-virulence-targets-a-proteomic",totalDownloads:114,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Oral Health Care - An Important Issue of the Modern Society",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10827.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"79754",title:"Evaluation of Trans-Resveratrol as a Treatment for Periodontitis",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101477",signatures:"Tracey Lynn Harney",slug:"evaluation-of-trans-resveratrol-as-a-treatment-for-periodontitis",totalDownloads:112,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,authors:null,book:{title:"Oral Health Care - An Important Issue of the Modern Society",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10827.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}}]},publishedBooks:{},testimonialsList:[{id:"18",text:"It was great publishing with IntechOpen, the process was straightforward and I had support all along.",author:{id:"71579",name:"Berend",surname:"Olivier",institutionString:"Utrecht University",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/71579/images/system/71579.png",slug:"berend-olivier",institution:{id:"253",name:"Utrecht University",country:{id:null,name:"Netherlands"}}}},{id:"27",text:"The opportunity to work with a prestigious publisher allows for the possibility to collaborate with more research groups interested in animal nutrition, leading to the development of new feeding strategies and food valuation while being more sustainable with the environment, allowing more readers to learn about the subject.",author:{id:"175967",name:"Manuel",surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",institution:{id:"6221",name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",country:{id:null,name:"Mexico"}}}},{id:"8",text:"I work with IntechOpen for a number of reasons: their professionalism, their mission in support of Open Access publishing, and the quality of their peer-reviewed publications, but also because they believe in equality.",author:{id:"202192",name:"Catrin",surname:"Rutland",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",slug:"catrin-rutland",institution:{id:"134",name:"University of Nottingham",country:{id:null,name:"United Kingdom"}}}}]},submityourwork:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:90,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:108,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:33,numberOfPublishedChapters:330,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:14,numberOfPublishedChapters:145,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:141,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:123,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:112,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:22,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:11,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-6580",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],subseriesList:[],annualVolumeBook:{},thematicCollection:[],selectedSeries:null,selectedSubseries:null},seriesLanding:{item:null},libraryRecommendation:{success:null,errors:{},institutions:[]},route:{name:"profile.detail",path:"/profiles/157021",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"157021"},fullPath:"/profiles/157021",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()