Morphological characteristics of some
\\n\\n
Dr. Pletser’s experience includes 30 years of working with the European Space Agency as a Senior Physicist/Engineer and coordinating their parabolic flight campaigns, and he is the Guinness World Record holder for the most number of aircraft flown (12) in parabolas, personally logging more than 7,300 parabolas.
\\n\\nSeeing the 5,000th book published makes us at the same time proud, happy, humble, and grateful. This is a great opportunity to stop and celebrate what we have done so far, but is also an opportunity to engage even more, grow, and succeed. It wouldn't be possible to get here without the synergy of team members’ hard work and authors and editors who devote time and their expertise into Open Access book publishing with us.
\\n\\nOver these years, we have gone from pioneering the scientific Open Access book publishing field to being the world’s largest Open Access book publisher. Nonetheless, our vision has remained the same: to meet the challenges of making relevant knowledge available to the worldwide community under the Open Access model.
\\n\\nWe are excited about the present, and we look forward to sharing many more successes in the future.
\\n\\nThank you all for being part of the journey. 5,000 times thank you!
\\n\\nNow with 5,000 titles available Open Access, which one will you read next?
\\n\\nRead, share and download for free: https://www.intechopen.com/books
\\n\\n\\n\\n
\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:null},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'
Preparation of Space Experiments edited by international leading expert Dr. Vladimir Pletser, Director of Space Training Operations at Blue Abyss is the 5,000th Open Access book published by IntechOpen and our milestone publication!
\n\n"This book presents some of the current trends in space microgravity research. The eleven chapters introduce various facets of space research in physical sciences, human physiology and technology developed using the microgravity environment not only to improve our fundamental understanding in these domains but also to adapt this new knowledge for application on earth." says the editor. Listen what else Dr. Pletser has to say...
\n\n\n\nDr. Pletser’s experience includes 30 years of working with the European Space Agency as a Senior Physicist/Engineer and coordinating their parabolic flight campaigns, and he is the Guinness World Record holder for the most number of aircraft flown (12) in parabolas, personally logging more than 7,300 parabolas.
\n\nSeeing the 5,000th book published makes us at the same time proud, happy, humble, and grateful. This is a great opportunity to stop and celebrate what we have done so far, but is also an opportunity to engage even more, grow, and succeed. It wouldn't be possible to get here without the synergy of team members’ hard work and authors and editors who devote time and their expertise into Open Access book publishing with us.
\n\nOver these years, we have gone from pioneering the scientific Open Access book publishing field to being the world’s largest Open Access book publisher. Nonetheless, our vision has remained the same: to meet the challenges of making relevant knowledge available to the worldwide community under the Open Access model.
\n\nWe are excited about the present, and we look forward to sharing many more successes in the future.
\n\nThank you all for being part of the journey. 5,000 times thank you!
\n\nNow with 5,000 titles available Open Access, which one will you read next?
\n\nRead, share and download for free: https://www.intechopen.com/books
\n\n\n\n
\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"},{slug:"introducing-intechopen-book-series-a-new-publishing-format-for-oa-books-20210915",title:"Introducing IntechOpen Book Series - A New Publishing Format for OA Books"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"6259",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Management of Information Systems",title:"Management of Information Systems",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"Management functions were developed first as a systematic step to carry out management activities, while implementation of the information components followed as part of management elements. The authors point out that the use of the possibilities and advantages of quantitatively supported managerial decisions gives managers the ability to quantify the impacts of both technical (hard) and subjective (soft) constraints and improve managerial decision-making processes that would otherwise be based mostly on personal intuition and experience. To achieve the goals and benefits of excellent performance, it is necessary to design and develop integrated models that would coordinate management functions and information system components as an integrated process. These facts are presented in various case studies.",isbn:"978-1-78984-198-5",printIsbn:"978-1-78984-197-8",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83881-364-2",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.68966",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"management-of-information-systems",numberOfPages:296,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:null,isInBkci:!1,hash:"04270f77de249bdf3ab3c287f2a9a326",bookSignature:"Maria Pomffyova",publishedDate:"October 24th 2018",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6259.jpg",numberOfDownloads:25512,numberOfWosCitations:17,numberOfCrossrefCitations:16,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:1,numberOfDimensionsCitations:32,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:1,hasAltmetrics:1,numberOfTotalCitations:65,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"April 24th 2017",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"May 15th 2017",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"August 11th 2017",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"November 9th 2017",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"January 8th 2018",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6,7",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"184941",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria",middleName:null,surname:"Pomffyova",slug:"maria-pomffyova",fullName:"Maria Pomffyova",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/184941/images/5327_n.jpg",biography:"Pomffyová, Mária, Ing., Ph.D., senior lecturer at Institute of Managerial Systems in Poprad, Slovakia. Studies: graduate of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Žilina, Slovakia. Fields of interest: Informatics, Economics, ICT, process management. Research: Over 30 scientific papers presented at Conferences, as well as published, 1 book published in English, over 30 articles published in national and international scientific journals, 20 participations at international conferences.",institutionString:null,position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"0",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"621",title:"Information Management",slug:"web-engineering-information-management"}],chapters:[{id:"62394",title:"Management Functions of Information System Components as an Integration Model",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79295",slug:"management-functions-of-information-system-components-as-an-integration-model",totalDownloads:1502,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:"Management functions develop first, as systematic steps to carry out management activities, while information components system follow later as part of management elements, where both must be integrated in order to make its practical implementation more clear. Management Functions and Information System Components as an integration model are (1) to explain Management Functions, Information System Components, Goals and Benefit related to Information System and (2) to explain integration process of Management Functions with Information System Component to get goals and benefits as an integrated model. Research method using expert method has done an integration of management function, which includes the cycle of P, O, A, C, E and I, to run management process, must be step by step, and as a cycle. Information components include S, H, F, B, and T and must have minimum requirement. Management of Information System needs goals and benefits that can be calculated clearly and specifically. To get goals and benefits in excellence performance are needed the integrated process to coordinate management functions and information system components, as an Integrated Model with an example in applications of software in Nosocomial Infection Control for Hospital, as the figure below.",signatures:"Boy Subirosa Sabarguna",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/62394",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/62394",authors:[{id:"200387",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Boy Subirosa",surname:"Sabarguna",slug:"boy-subirosa-sabarguna",fullName:"Boy Subirosa Sabarguna"}],corrections:null},{id:"63078",title:"Decision Support Systems",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79390",slug:"decision-support-systems",totalDownloads:2352,totalCrossrefCites:7,totalDimensionsCites:13,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The current decision-making problems is more complex than it was in the past, prompting the need for decision support. Most real-world decision-making situations are subject to bounded rationality; whereby the technical and economic evaluation of all solution alternatives (branches) is bounded by the consideration of dominant subjective constraints. The early definition of DSS introduced it as a system that intended to support decision makers in semi-structured problems that could not be completely supported by algorithms. DSSs were planned to be an accessory for managers to expand their capabilities but not to replace them. Decision support systems could provide the means to complement decision makers by quantitatively supporting managerial decisions that could otherwise be based on personal intuition and experience. In addition to the traditional DSS characteristics (i.e., data and model orientation, interactivity), the inclusion of an intelligent knowledge base would be required to quantify the impacts of both technical (hard) and subjective (soft) constraints.",signatures:"Maria Rashidi, Maryam Ghodrat, Bijan Samali and Masoud\nMohammadi",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/63078",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/63078",authors:[{id:"211318",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria",surname:"Rashidi",slug:"maria-rashidi",fullName:"Maria Rashidi"},{id:"212606",title:"Dr.",name:"Maryam",surname:"Ghodrat",slug:"maryam-ghodrat",fullName:"Maryam Ghodrat"},{id:"212607",title:"Prof.",name:"Bijan",surname:"Samali",slug:"bijan-samali",fullName:"Bijan Samali"},{id:"274006",title:"Dr.",name:"Masoud",surname:"Mohammadi",slug:"masoud-mohammadi",fullName:"Masoud Mohammadi"}],corrections:null},{id:"62551",title:"Developing the EBS Management Model to Assist SMEs to Evaluate E-Commerce Success",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.77149",slug:"developing-the-ebs-management-model-to-assist-smes-to-evaluate-e-commerce-success",totalDownloads:1124,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"In the literature, a lack of strong consensus or well-known theoretical research framework exists to defining and evaluating e-commerce success among small to medium enterprises (SMEs). Exploring more effective methods to describe and evaluate e-commerce success becomes a challenging task. This research seeks to help fill the gap by proposing a new model to evaluate e-commerce success from a business perspective. This measure has been termed e-commerce business satisfaction (EBS). A total of 2401 surveys were successfully sent to SMEs. The usable response rate for the surveys was 7.54%. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation method was then adopted within the factor analysis. Using the 15 critical success factors (CSFs) obtained from previous research as a foundation, an EBS management model was finally simply developed to assist SMEs business managers in effectively adopting e-commerce systems or evaluating e-commerce success, which was categorised into five components including Marketing, Management Support and Customer Acceptance, Website Effectiveness and Cost, Managing Change and Knowledge and Skills. Further research is needed to determine the weighting of each CSF so that a yardstick measurement method might be further developed to assist SMEs in adopting e-commerce successfully.",signatures:"Mingxuan Wu, Ergun Gide and Rod Jewell",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/62551",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/62551",authors:[{id:"190913",title:"Dr.",name:"Robert M.X.",surname:"Wu",slug:"robert-m.x.-wu",fullName:"Robert M.X. Wu"},{id:"195354",title:"Prof.",name:"Ergun",surname:"Gide",slug:"ergun-gide",fullName:"Ergun Gide"},{id:"199142",title:"Dr.",name:"Rod",surname:"Jewell",slug:"rod-jewell",fullName:"Rod Jewell"}],corrections:null},{id:"59493",title:"Some Methods for Evaluating Performance of Management Information System",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.74093",slug:"some-methods-for-evaluating-performance-of-management-information-system",totalDownloads:1324,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Recently, several kinds of information systems are developed for purposes and needs of business and play an important role in business organizations and management operations. Management information system, or MIS for short, is a kind of information system. It is a key factor to facilitate and attain efficient decision-making in an organization. Its performance relates to many other information systems, for instance, DSS or decision support system, SIS or strategic information system, etc. Methods of testing statistical hypotheses concerning the performance of MIS are absolutely essential to support management activities and decision-making.",signatures:"Khu Phi Nguyen and Hong Tuyet Tu",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/59493",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/59493",authors:[{id:"150274",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Khu",surname:"Nguyen",slug:"khu-nguyen",fullName:"Khu Nguyen"}],corrections:null},{id:"61235",title:"An Enterprise Computer-Based Information System (CBIS) in the Context of Its Utilization and Customer Satisfaction",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.77026",slug:"an-enterprise-computer-based-information-system-cbis-in-the-context-of-its-utilization-and-customer-",totalDownloads:1619,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Information systems is the study of technology, organizations, and people. An enterprise computer-based information system (CBIS) is type of technology where people can buy and sell their items online, therefore, it is a part of the online business process. This relationship has resulted in the reengineering of the information systems’ model, the formulation of new requirements for training and education, and opening new investment windows for the development of new technologies at both the computer hardware and software application level to meet the needs of newly emerging business models. The aim of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive survey on enterprise CBISs in the context of its utilization and customer satisfaction.",signatures:"Azmat Ullah, Fahad Algarni and Rajiv Khosla",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/61235",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/61235",authors:[{id:"219263",title:"Dr.",name:"Azmat",surname:"Ullah",slug:"azmat-ullah",fullName:"Azmat Ullah"},{id:"223401",title:"Dr.",name:"Fahad",surname:"Fahad Algarni",slug:"fahad-fahad-algarni",fullName:"Fahad Fahad Algarni"}],corrections:null},{id:"60544",title:"Digital Leadership",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.76045",slug:"digital-leadership",totalDownloads:1203,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:5,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Customers are demanding services using evolving technologies, and firms need agility in the way systems are designed and delivered to quickly meet customer expectations. Such agility is in fact an organizational capability where a combination of internal and supplier/partner resources allow firms to quickly create customer value propositions and deliver value through digital services, that is, services using advanced digitization. Leadership that enables such a customer-centric and service-driven culture using technology is referred to as digital leadership. This chapter develops a 10-step methodology not only to show how an innovative value proposition moves from conception to implementation using an agile system and business architecture, but also to lead to the next set of innovations for review. This methodology, developed over four years iteratively using over 100 graduate student projects, is briefly illustrated through two case examples.",signatures:"Mohan R Tanniru",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/60544",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/60544",authors:[{id:"211455",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohan",surname:"Tanniru",slug:"mohan-tanniru",fullName:"Mohan Tanniru"}],corrections:null},{id:"62362",title:"The Role of Information Systems in Human Resource Management",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79294",slug:"the-role-of-information-systems-in-human-resource-management",totalDownloads:7322,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:7,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:"Over the last years, human resource management (HRM) has experienced significant transformations. The focus has passed from the administrative management tasks to becoming a strategic partner of the overall organization strategy, largely with the strong support of information technologies’ evolution in this field of knowledge area. The extended use of information systems has a deep effect in the way HRM is managed nowadays. It boosted a major transformation of human resources (HR) processes and practices within organizations, namely on how they collect, store, use, and share information. Several HRM processes have become more efficient and the impact of this service level improvement allowed a greater involvement of HR in the business strategy. This new role in business strategy adds significant changes to HR function and to its professionals. Along this chapter, we discuss the effects of information systems in HRM, considering the existing literature on the topic, and describe the benefits and possible limitations of using them. We also provide an overview of some applications of technology in functional areas of HRM, within organizations.",signatures:"Marlene Sofia Alves e Silva and Carlos Guilherme da Silva Lima",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/62362",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/62362",authors:[{id:"211475",title:"M.D.",name:"Marlene",surname:"Silva",slug:"marlene-silva",fullName:"Marlene Silva"},{id:"211476",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",surname:"Lima",slug:"carlos-lima",fullName:"Carlos Lima"}],corrections:null},{id:"59198",title:"Decision-Making Problems in Sociotechnical Systems",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73684",slug:"decision-making-problems-in-sociotechnical-systems",totalDownloads:1068,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The object of research is a human in complex sociotechnical systems (STS). A particular case of the sociotechnical system is the human-machine system (HMS). The subject of research is the professional activity of a person in the sociotechnical system, the structure of his professionally important qualities, the methods of assessing the professional suitability of a person, and the methods of training and training of operational personnel. The model of vocational aptitude and the process of decision-making in the class of hierarchical systems were developed based on the hierarchy analysis method. Intelligent processing of data was requested to be carried out by the use of decision support systems, which provides support to multicriteria decision in a complex system. The experimental research of vocational aptitude assessment for operators of transport-technological machines was carried out. The outputs of the decision support systems were obtained individual operator’s portraits (IOP) and integrated estimation capabilities. As a result, it became possible to reduce the preparation cost of professionals and to raise the level of the operator’s professional skills. In addition, based on the IOP, we can customize the HMC interface.",signatures:"Igor Petukhov and Luydmila Steshina",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/59198",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/59198",authors:[{id:"210246",title:"Dr.",name:"Igor",surname:"Petukhov",slug:"igor-petukhov",fullName:"Igor Petukhov"},{id:"210347",title:"Dr.",name:"Liudmila",surname:"Steshina",slug:"liudmila-steshina",fullName:"Liudmila Steshina"}],corrections:null},{id:"57870",title:"Information and Information Technologies in Conflict Management",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72109",slug:"information-and-information-technologies-in-conflict-management",totalDownloads:1238,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"This paper analyzes information and modern information technologies as applied in different organizational environment and considers the content and peculiarities of conflict management process based on implementation of communicative scenarios. Currently, the need for escalated organizational transformations has become imminent, taking into account the intensifying development of the differentiated information society, which requires properly interactive and transparent policy-making. Correct understanding of information and effective implementation of information technologies is a rational attempt to harmonize the modern organizational environment reducing the level of conflict and improving efficiency indexes.",signatures:"Andrei Aleinikov, Daria Maltseva, Alexander Kurochkin and Tatiana\nKoulakova",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/57870",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/57870",authors:[{id:"212005",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrey",surname:"Aleynikov",slug:"andrey-aleynikov",fullName:"Andrey Aleynikov"},{id:"219746",title:"Dr.",name:"Tatiana",surname:"Koulakova",slug:"tatiana-koulakova",fullName:"Tatiana Koulakova"},{id:"219747",title:"Dr.",name:"Daria",surname:"Maltseva",slug:"daria-maltseva",fullName:"Daria Maltseva"},{id:"219748",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kurochkin",slug:"alexander-kurochkin",fullName:"Alexander Kurochkin"}],corrections:null},{id:"60394",title:"Management of Program Projects in Conditions of Unstable Development Teams",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.75874",slug:"management-of-program-projects-in-conditions-of-unstable-development-teams",totalDownloads:946,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Project management issues of teams with outsourced developers are discussed. Peculiarity of these teams is the difficulty of recruitment and, as a consequence, the instability of staff. We propose a special approach to overcome the issues in these circumstances. It is based on the use of a special role in the project team, called the personnel coordinator, who allows risk mitigating of project failure. The main result of the proposed work is the technique of tuning Highsmith’s Adaptive Software Development approach to the conditions of projects developed by the unstable team. Another important result is the definition of the functions of the personnel coordinator, which he/she must fulfill in the project.",signatures:"Igor Nikolayevich Skopin",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/60394",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/60394",authors:[{id:"211325",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Igor",surname:"Skopin",slug:"igor-skopin",fullName:"Igor Skopin"}],corrections:null},{id:"60654",title:"A Hybrid Model for Optimizing the Municipal Public Budget",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.76043",slug:"a-hybrid-model-for-optimizing-the-municipal-public-budget",totalDownloads:914,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Participatory management establishes a dynamic of democratization of the public administration, since it associates planning and widespread participation, through political definitions and adjustments and changes. Its purpose is to discuss and define the population, in a democratic way, the distribution of investment resources. Major challenges put pressure on governments at the federal, state, and municipal levels, requiring them to be more creative and effective ways of achieving results, from the employment of increasingly scarce resources and an increasingly demanding and participatory population. Considering that the process of managing public resources is defined in the budget, it is necessary that it contains all the elements that facilitate and allow a correct application of these, among the universe of interests presented by the population through the participatory management process. Moreover, we propose a model for the management of optimization of the Public Budget, whose objective is to provide the administrator with the instruments necessary to optimize the application of available public resources. The methodology in the analysis of the feasibility, and the application of a multicriteria structured model and mathematical programming applied to the public budget, having as a case study a macro view of the budget for Municipal City Halls.",signatures:"Plácido Rogerio Pinheiro, Teresa Cristina Neves de Pinho, Pedro\nGabriel Calíope Dantas Pinheiro and Mirian Calíope Dantas Pinheiro",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/60654",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/60654",authors:[{id:"61444",title:"Dr.",name:"Mirian Calíope",surname:"Dantas Pinheiro",slug:"mirian-caliope-dantas-pinheiro",fullName:"Mirian Calíope Dantas Pinheiro"},{id:"115439",title:"Dr.",name:"Plácido",surname:"Pinheiro",slug:"placido-pinheiro",fullName:"Plácido Pinheiro"},{id:"210268",title:"MSc.",name:"Tereza",surname:"Pinho",slug:"tereza-pinho",fullName:"Tereza Pinho"},{id:"210269",title:"Mr.",name:"Pedro",surname:"Pinheiro",slug:"pedro-pinheiro",fullName:"Pedro Pinheiro"}],corrections:null},{id:"62860",title:"Management of Educational Needs of Employees in the Electronics Industry Using English e-Learning Website Programs",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79391",slug:"management-of-educational-needs-of-employees-in-the-electronics-industry-using-english-e-learning-we",totalDownloads:1192,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:"This chapter explores whether customer satisfaction is achieved by English e-learning websites by investigating the views of the employees of Taiwanese electronics corporations who have taken English e-learning training courses. The service quality model of Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry and the technology acceptance model (TAM) were adopted to examine their satisfaction levels. First, in order to provide indicators for perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU) in the TAM, five elements of intangible service quality were utilized, namely reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy, and responsiveness, indicated in the SERVQUAL model. Second, in order to measure PEOU, PU, and behavioral intention to use under the TAM, a survey was distributed among electronics industry workers at Taiwan’s Hsinchu Science and Industrial Park. The survey data yielded the following key findings: the users’ PU was significantly influenced by PEOU, tangibles, and responsiveness; their PEOU was significantly impacted by assurance, tangibles, and reliability; their PU and behavioral intention to use were significantly influenced by PEOU; their system usage and behavioral intention to use were significantly influenced by PU; and their system usage was significantly impacted by their behavioral intention to use. Overall, the study proposed 13 hypotheses, of which 10 were supported.",signatures:"Paul Juinn Bing Tan and Ming-Hung Hsu",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/62860",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/62860",authors:[{id:"188545",title:"Dr.",name:"Paul Juinn-Bing",surname:"Tan",slug:"paul-juinn-bing-tan",fullName:"Paul Juinn-Bing Tan"},{id:"210594",title:"Dr.",name:"Ming-Hung",surname:"Hsu",slug:"ming-hung-hsu",fullName:"Ming-Hung Hsu"}],corrections:null},{id:"59084",title:"CREAMINKA: An Intelligent Ecosystem for Supporting Management and Information Discovery in Research and Innovation Fields in Universities",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73212",slug:"creaminka-an-intelligent-ecosystem-for-supporting-management-and-information-discovery-in-research-a",totalDownloads:950,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"This chapter presents a new proposal for supporting the management of research processes in universities and higher education centers. To this aim, the authors have developed a comprehensive ecosystem that implements a knowledge model that addresses three innovative aspects of research: (i) acceleration of knowledge production, (ii) research valorization and (iii) discovery of improbable peers. The ecosystem relies on ontologies and intelligent modules and is able to automatically retrieve information of major scientific databases such as SCOPUS and Science Direct to infer new information. Currently, the system is able to provide guidelines to create improbable research peers as well as automatically generate resilience graphics and reports from more than 17,000 tuples of the ontological database. In this work, the authors describe in detail an important aspect of support systems for research management in higher education: the development and valorization of competences of students collaborating in research process and startUPS of universities. Furthermore, a knowledge model of entrepreneurship (startUPS) as well as an analyzer of general and specific competences based on data mining processes is presented.",signatures:"Juan Pablo Salgado Guerreo, Daniel Pulla Sánchez, Jorge Galán\nMena, Vladimir Robles Bykbaev, Verónica Cevallos León Wong and\nAdrián Narváez-Pacheco",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/59084",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/59084",authors:[{id:"204639",title:"Prof.",name:"Juan Pablo",surname:"Salgado Guerrero",slug:"juan-pablo-salgado-guerrero",fullName:"Juan Pablo Salgado Guerrero"},{id:"211521",title:"Dr.",name:"Vladimir",surname:"Robles-Bykbaev",slug:"vladimir-robles-bykbaev",fullName:"Vladimir Robles-Bykbaev"},{id:"214636",title:"BSc.",name:"Daniel",surname:"Pulla-Sánchez",slug:"daniel-pulla-sanchez",fullName:"Daniel Pulla-Sánchez"},{id:"214637",title:"BSc.",name:"Jorge",surname:"Galán-Mena",slug:"jorge-galan-mena",fullName:"Jorge Galán-Mena"},{id:"214638",title:"MSc.",name:"Adrián",surname:"Narváez-Pacheco",slug:"adrian-narvaez-pacheco",fullName:"Adrián Narváez-Pacheco"},{id:"219691",title:"BSc.",name:"Verónica",surname:"Cevallos León Wong",slug:"veronica-cevallos-leon-wong",fullName:"Verónica Cevallos León Wong"}],corrections:null},{id:"61279",title:"Geological-Geotechnical Database from Standard Penetration Test Investigations Using Geographic Information Systems",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.74208",slug:"geological-geotechnical-database-from-standard-penetration-test-investigations-using-geographic-info",totalDownloads:1846,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The study describes applications of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) associated with Standard Penetration Test (SPT) reports as a support tool for planning and decision-making in public and private spheres. The chapter begins with a bibliography compilation showing recent applications carried out around the world. Following this, the description of the geological-geotechnical method using SPT information applied in two case studies is presented in particular. For that, an extensive detailing of SPT reports treatment is done to enable the composition of a geological-geotechnical database. Two cases are shown to exemplify the method application and its results, including the characterization of the topographic relief through Digital Elevation Model (DEM), slope and hydrographic map and the development of soil, groundwater and foundation maps using a geological-geotechnical database composed basically by SPT data. The cases approach a larger scale using 507 SPT boreholes to analyze a university campus with 1 km2 and on a smaller scale using 537 SPT boreholes to analyze a city with 207.2 km2 of urban area. 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The computation time can be improved by the addition of processor caches. The cache takes advantage of the locality of reference in any application/calculation. This chapter discusses the two prevalent cache architectures, namely inclusive and exclusive. A new cache architecture for data only called two-type data cache proposed in the literature is presented in the following section. The performance of two-type data cache model is compared with inclusive and exclusive architectures. The energy consumed by inclusive and exclusive caches is mentioned. Methods to reduce the energy consumption are proposed for inclusive and exclusive cache architectures. The hardware and software methods for energy saving are proposed. The proposed models are simulated using SPEC2000 benchmarks. The benchmarks are for compression, combinatorial optimization, word processing, place and route simulator, object oriented database, field-programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit placement and routing. 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The genus
Conventional methods for identification of
S/N | \nIsolate | \nColony color | \nColony reverse color | \nConidiophore character | \nPhialide character | \nConidia shape | \nChlamydospore formation | \n
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | \nGRT-1 | \nDark green | \nAmber | \nLong infrequently branching and verticillate | \nFrequently paired, lageniform, and divergent | \nGlobose to ellipsoidal | \nInfrequent, terminal, and intercalary | \n
2 | \nGRT-2 | \nDull green to bluish green | \nColorless | \nBroad, verticillate, and frequently branching | \nLageniform, divergent, terminal philaid more elongated | \nSub cylindrical to narrow ellipsoidal | \nFrequent, intercalary, and terminal | \n
3 | \nGRT-3 | \nWhite | \nWhite | \n— | \n— | \nNo conidia | \nAbundant, terminal, and intercalary | \n
4 | \nGRT-4 | \nScattered in minute tufts and pale yellow green | \nPale yellowish | \nRarely branched and verticillate | \nCylindrical or slightly inflated and divergent | \nEllipsoidal | \nFrequently intercalary and terminal | \n
5 | \nGRT-5 | \nDell green to bluish green | \nPale yellowish | \nBroad frequently branching and verticillate | \nAmpulliform and divergent | \nSub cylindrical | \nInfrequent, intercalary, and terminal | \n
6 | \nGRT-6 | \nDark bluish green | \nUncolored | \nInfrequently branching and verticillate | \nLageniform and convergent | \nGlobose to ellipsoidal | \nFrequently intercalary and terminal | \n
7 | \nGRT-7 | \nDark green producing tufts or pustules fringed by sterile mycelium | \nDull yellowish | \nFrequently branching and verticillate | \nAmpulliform and convergent | \nSub globose to obovoid | \nInfrequent, internally and terminally | \n
8 | \nGRT-8 | \nDull green to bluish green | \nPale yellowish | \nNarrow verticillate and frequently branching | \nAmpulliform and divergent | \nSub cylindrical to narrow ellipsoidal | \nInfrequent, intercalary, and terminal | \n
9 | \nGRT-9 | \nDark bluish green | \nUncolored | \nInfrequently branching and verticillate | \nLageniform and convergent | \nGlobose to ellipsoidal | \nInfrequent, intercalary, and terminally | \n
10 | \nGRT-10 | \nCompute dull, green tufts or pustules | \nDiscolored | \nFrequently branching and pyramidal structure | \nLageniform and divergent | \nObovoid | \nFrequently, intercalary, and terminal | \n
Isolates GRT-1, GRT-6, and GRT-9 were confirmed as
The growth of
\n
0.2 g of MgSO4∙7H2O.
0.9 g of K2HPO4.
0.15 g of KCl.
1.0 g of NH4NO3.
3.0 g of glucose.
0.15 g of rose bengal.
20 g of agar.
0.25 g of chloramphenicol.
0.3 g of p-dimethylaminobenzenediazo sodium sulfonate.
0.2 g of pentachloronitrobenzene.
Recipe is dissolved in 1000 ml distilled water and autoclaved at 121°C, 1.4 kg cm−1 for 15 min. Then add 0.25 g chloramphenicol and 0.2 g pentachloronitrobenzene into the solution. Keep/store media at 45°C to prevent solidification.
\nSelection of THSM enables comparison between aggressive and non-aggressive
\n
0.2 g of MgSO4∙7H2O.
0.9 g of K2HPO4.
1.0 g of NH4NO3.
0.15 g of KCl.
0.15 g of rose bengal.
3 g of glucose.
20 g of agar.
950 mL of distilled water.
Media is autoclaved at 121°C, 1.4 kg cm−1, for 15 min, and 0.25 g of chloramphenicol, 9.0 mL of streptomycin, 1.2 mL of propamocarb, and 0.2 g of quintozene are added.
\nRBA is a nonselective medium for isolation of
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Mycological peptone 5.0 g
Rose bengal 0.05 g
Glucose 10.0 g
Chloramphenicol 0.1 g
Dipotassium phosphate 1.0 g
Agar 15.0 g
MgSO4.7 H20 0.5 g
Distilled 1000 mL
Add the ingredients to the distilled water and boil to dissolve completely. Add 10 mL of chloramphenicol or chlortetracycline; shake and autoclave at 121°C for 15 min. Store in the dark at 4°C for further use.
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Various articles reported on the role of
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In the field of agriculture,
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Cellulases, an important industrial enzyme from
The role of a rock bolt support system is to secure and reinforce the rock zone in the near field of an underground opening and to fasten it to deeper rock strata [1, 2]. Mostly steel rock bolts are used for that purpose [3, 4]. The rock bolt consists of a steel bar grouted in an oversize hole. A portable installation machine is used to spin the bolt into the hole filled with fast setting epoxy resin cartridges. After hardening of the resin layer a plate and nut are driven up the bolt. Although robust resin cartridges are used, in mining practice the rock bolt may not be fully encapsulated as a consequence of various geotechnical conditions [5, 6, 7]: rock divergence, escape of grout into crevices, rock strata movement and improper grouting. The lack of proper grouting may be very hazardous and should be monitored [8]. Current publications in the field of rock bolt diagnosis, indicate that much effort is being taken to estimate the rock bolt integrity and grout quality in the most precise way. Different approaches have been proposed e.g. Granit, Boltometer, RBT and other inventions or methods [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]. These methods rely on excitation of a tested rock bolt to vibration along its axis of symmetry and the analysis of output signals. Depending on the proposed method, both acoustic and ultrasonic waves are generated. Correspondingly, different analytical approaches are used as wavelet transform analysis, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and neural network algorithms [5, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]. Also smart sensors techniques are introduced for observation of behavior of grouted rock bolts [19], in particular load measurements at the head of them [20], but the problem is not yet fully resolved.
Accordingly, the method for non-destructive identification of grouting discontinuity of rock bolts is proposed to extend the diagnose scope in rock bolting. Thus the diagnosis of void spaces—regions of lack of bonding is seen as crucial here. In the method a transverse excitation is applied which is seen as more adequate for that purpose. At present a diagnose is completed after the analytical phase has been performed in laboratory conditions, so results are not accessible in situ. Its usage is restricted to steel rock bolts up to 2.5 m long, though not only in mining but also in building engineering. It is worth noticing that the same approach to test the integrity of installed rock bolts was described by Godfrey [21]. Though not known to the author at the experimental and analytical stage of the current work, it is very encouraging that similar methodology was presented over forty years ago.
The chapter starts with a theoretical description of the main rules and relationships between investigated modal parameters and measured data. Then the method and structure of a reference base of FE models are presented. Subsequently it is shown how the method was validated in an experimental coal mine. Finally the results of the research realized in working coal mines are discussed.
Unlike previously mentioned approaches, the proposed method uses modal analysis procedures and excitation forces are generated by an impact hammer. To perform such a quality assessment of grouting rock bolts several conditions must be fulfilled. One of the primary conditions of realization of the method is identification of a modal model of a tested structure. The modal model of a mechanical system basically consists of two matrices [22, 23, 24, 25]:
Fundamental matrix with natural frequencies and damping factors of the modes (eigenvectors),
Modal matrix which consists of eigenvectors [Φ].
The modal model may be constructed starting from identification of a single modal eigenvector, and a more sophisticated model (not necessarily complete) would be a set of modal eigenvectors coordinates together with their natural frequencies and damping factors. From an individual characteristic of frequency response function Hjk(ω), where
In order to calculate foregoing elements of the modal matrix [Φ], as coordinates of modal vectors ϕjr, it is necessary to conduct a series of measurements of frequency response functions in different points of a tested mechanical system. The measurement of a frequency response function at excitation point is very important. The coordinates of an r-mode may be calculated knowing a residue rAkk at this point using formula (2):
The rest of modal vector coordinates may be calculated using Eq. (3):
where:
So, for complete presentation of vibration motion of the tested structure with
The measurement setup is shown in Figure 1. For realization of the method a response transducer was localized at a visible part of the rock bolt, attached using steel ring and stud [26] and a force transducer was localized at an impact hammer head. The direction of excitation was perpendicular to the symmetry axis of the rock bolt as well as is the main axis of the response transducer. After excitation of the rock bolt to transverse vibration, the signals from both the force transducer and the accelerometer (response transducer) were recorded and frequency response function (FRF) was calculated. The excitation was repeated at several points positioned along the outer part of the bar when the accelerometer remained at the same place. The subsequent frequency response functions were stored in universal file format in the computer memory. In the next step data were exported to a workstation where modal parameter extraction methods were realized. Since the installed rock bolt acts as an oscillator, its modal parameters are changed by different lengths and positions of grouting discontinuity. By proper extraction of those parameters, the intended identification was possible.
Measurement setup: (1) rock bolt, typical length 1.5 m-2.5 m; (2) the accelerometer; (3) the impact hammer; (4) portable measurement system; (5) workstation for modal analysis; (6) the surface of the upper roof section; (7) the grout. L is a grouted length.
In this research the natural (resonant) frequency was the main modal parameter taken into account to differentiate foregoing cases of grouting discontinuity. To increase the accuracy of the method frequency response measurements were performed at 5-7 points positioned on the outer part of a rock bolt. It enabled calculating natural frequencies with the use of a larger number of equations and averaging obtained results in the least square sense. Additionally, it was possible to avoid a casual excitation at a nod point of a mode shape [27]. Mode shapes, which is self-understandable, could not be measured on the whole length of a rock bolt (the grouted part of a bar inaccessible). It is only possible in laboratory conditions. Figures 2 and 3 present the example results of research on known cases of grouting discontinuities in real working conditions where a rock bolt support system was used. The amplitude of FRF function depends on the location of measured points and may differ for each pair of response and reference points, shown on Figure 3.
An example of FRF functions (waterfall curve) for a known case of grouting discontinuities in real working conditions.
An example of stabilization diagram for a known case of grouting discontinuities in real working conditions, the FRF curves for all measured points are shown (the order number of the model was set as 40).
It was also necessary to have a reference point to compare our results with. With this aim the theoretical modal analysis was introduced [23, 24, 25, 26] and a base of Finite Element (FE) models were built, encompassing different types of discontinuities (different boundary conditions).
The lengths on which a rock bolt (a steel bar) is grouted into a roof section form defined border conditions. Different cases of grouting discontinuity can be modeled in theoretical models. To be used as a reference the theoretical model had to be reconciled to the experimental one taking into account a wide range of cases with controlled, known discontinuities of grouting.
In the presented research ANSYS program was used to build the finite element model of a grouted rock bolt, shown in Figure 4. The program enables modeling of finite elements with the help of advanced programming tools, so even very complicated geometry shapes can be developed. In the first phase geometry of the examined structure was involved. Then meshing process was realized and particular physical properties of materials were introduced including density, Young Modulus, Poisson Ratio etc., shown in Table 1. These parameters are crucial since mass and stiffness matrices are built in relation to them. Except steel these parameters were evaluated experimentally. Afterwards adequate physical parameters as well as loads and boundary conditions were attributed to groups of elements. The rock component was ascribed fixed support at the side and back faces and frictional support was attributed to connections between a nut, a plate and roof strata surface. Also, for modeling of torsion force applied to screw the nut and plate to a rock bolt, a bolt pretension feature was utilized (results for different torsion forces were calculated, but that value is controlled by an operator of a bolter and is given). After the process of reconciliation, which comprised all the above mentioned parameters, the validated FE model could be used as a reference base for unknown experimental cases. An example of an analyzed case study and a specific mode of natural frequency is presented in Figure 5. The influence of rock strata in which rock bolts are installed was also taken into account but the results obtained both in the experimental and working coal mines (sand stone and mud stone rock strata) showed that the type of rock strata has only a slight impact in comparison with grout discontinuity. As an example, for the particular case, lack of grout at the half length of a rock bolt, the difference ranged from 0.7% to 2.4% for 8 calculated natural frequencies.
An example of a finite element model for an analyzed case study.
Property | Component material | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Steel (bar, nut) | Grout | Cement (optional) | Rock (mudstone) | Rock (sandstone) | |
Density, kgm−3 | 7850 | 1990 | 2300 | 2560 | 2160 |
Young’s Modulus, Pa | 2.00E+11 | 5.110E+09 | 3.00E+10 | 6.388E+09 | 3.722E+09 |
Poisson’s Ratio | 0.30 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.09 |
The properties of components for FE modeling of the investigated rock bolt.
An example of an analyzed case study and a specific mode of natural frequency 232,5 Hz (the amplitude of the mode is scaled for presentation purposes).
As a result of theoretical modal analysis frequency response functions and natural frequencies were calculated (for excitation at the outer part of a rock bolt). Then sets of natural frequencies characteristic of different types of grouting discontinuities were collected and a large data base was set up. Table 2 presents the sample of data sheets for the carried out calculations and obtained convergence charts of the analyzed cases.
Lack of grout, cm | f1 | f2 | f3 | f4 | f5 | f6 | f7 | f8 | f9 | F10 | F11 | F12 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 2325.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
10 | 917.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
15 | 470.3 | 2487.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
20 | 284.1 | 1686.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
25 | 192.6 | 1175.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
30 | 137.1 | 843.8 | 2280.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
35 | 102.7 | 635.2 | 1739.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
40 | 80.0 | 496.5 | 1368.4 | 2552.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
. . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
175 | 4.5 | 28.2 | 79.0 | 154.6 | 255.3 | 380.7 | 530.6 | 704.8 | 902.9 | 1124.5 | 1369.2 | 1636.5 |
180 | 4.3 | 26.7 | 74.7 | 146.2 | 241.4 | 360.0 | 501.8 | 666.6 | 854.1 | 1063.9 | 1295.7 | 1549.0 |
185 | 4.0 | 25.3 | 70.8 | 138.6 | 228.8 | 341.2 | 475.7 | 632.0 | 809.9 | 1009.0 | 1229.0 | 1470.6 |
190 | 3.8 | 24.0 | 67.1 | 131.4 | 217.0 | 323.7 | 451.4 | 599.8 | 768.6 | 957.7 | 1166.7 | 1396.2 |
195 | 3.6 | 22.8 | 63.8 | 124.8 | 206.1 | 307.5 | 428.8 | 569.8 | 730.3 | 910.1 | 1108.9 | 1327.3 |
The calculated natural frequencies of the finite element models of investigated rock bolts.
In order to enable fast and effective comparison of theoretical (FE) and experimental models regression methods were reviewed. Cluster analysis seemed to be adequate for that purpose. It is one of the statistical methods to adjust parameters (in the presented research: natural frequencies) measured experimentally with calculated data. The concept of cluster analysis, a term introduced in the work of Tryon [28] actually includes several different classification algorithms. For researchers of many disciplines it poses a major problem to organize the observed data in a sensible structure, or data grouping. In other words, cluster analysis is a tool for exploratory data analysis, whose aim is to arrange objects in a group, in such a way that the degree of binding properties of objects belonging to the same group is the largest, and with objects from other groups is as small as possible. Analysis of the cluster can be used to detect data structures without deriving interpretation/explanation. In short: cluster analysis only detects structure in the data without explaining why it occurs. The general types of methods of cluster analysis are: agglomeration, grouping of objects and characteristics, and k-means clustering. Analysis of the cluster is not a statistical test, but a collection of different algorithms that group objects with specific features. Unlike many other statistical procedures, methods of cluster analysis are used mostly when we do not have any a priori hypotheses, while we are still in the exploratory phase of our research. Therefore, testing the statistical significance in the traditional sense of the term actually is not applicable. Instead measurement discrepancies or the distances between objects are used. The most direct way to calculate the distance between objects in multidimensional space is Euclidean distance calculation. If we have a two-or three-dimensional space, this measure is the actual geometric distance between objects in space. From the point of view of a matching algorithm the actual distances or other derivatives of the distance may be used. The following are the types used.
The first is Euclidean distance. This is a geometric distance in multidimensional space. It should be calculated as follows: distance (x,y) = {Σi (xi - yi)2}½.
Euclidean distance (and squared Euclidean distance) are calculated based on the raw data, and not on the basis of the standardized data. This method has some advantages (for example, the distance between any two objects is not affected by adding new objects that can be dispersed). However, the differences of units of dimensions may have a big impact on the way distances are calculated. In general, it is appropriate to standardize them in order to have a comparable data scale.
For squared Euclidean distance the distance is raised to a square, to assign more weight to objects that are more remote. It should be calculated as follows: distance (x,y) = {Σi (xi - yi)2}½.
Another type of distance is City distance (Manhattan, City block). This distance is simply the sum of the differences measured along the dimensions. In most cases, this distance measure yields similar results to the ordinary Euclidean distance. In the case of this measure, the impact of single large differences (outliers) is suppressed (because they are not raised to the square). City distance is calculated as follows: distance (x,y) = Σi |xi - yi|.
We use the distance power when we want to increase or decrease the importance that is assigned to the dimensions for which the relevant properties are quite / completely different. This can be achieved using just the power. It is counted as follows: distance (x,y) = (Σi |xi - yi|p)1/r, where
In the realized research the application was developed to assign experimentally measured natural frequencies to the appropriate corresponding classes of cases of discontinuity calculated on the base of finite element models. The algorithm uses City distance (x,y) = Σi |xi - yi|. The match procedure was realized in STATISTICA environment. So, for unknown cases we seek for the lowest value of that distance which represents the best fit to the theoretical model (an estimated grout length and position). Figure 6 presents the characteristics of the transfer function for the analyzed case, Table 3 the identified natural frequencies and Figure 7 the scatter plot of the differences between FE model and data evaluated experimentally.
The characteristics of the transfer function for the analyzed case (a), and the estimated grout length (b), the length of the rock bolt is equal to 1.8 m, the chart axis are: the vertical axis—inertance, in (m/s2)/N, the horizontal axis the frequency, in Hz.
No | Frequency, Hz | Difference, % | |
---|---|---|---|
Experiment | FE model | ||
1 | 145.2 | 137.1 | −5.6 |
2* | 314.4 | 291.4 | −7.3 |
3* | 568.1 | 568.6 | 0.1 |
4 | 902.9 | 843.8 | −6.5 |
5* | 1290.6 | 1387.2 | 7.5 |
The identified natural frequencies of the investigated rock bolt.
The frequency characteristic for the hidden end part of a rock bolt.
Scatter plot of the differences between FE model and data evaluated experimentally. The values of the lengths of discontinuity are: (a) 30 cm and (b) 90 cm. These values are specified for the first minimum differences of models and are clearly outside the values of the random scatter.
The research work on the rock bolts grouted in a controlled way in real coal mine conditions yielded much information about the possibility of identification of grouting discontinuities and the influence of their changes on modal parameters. The measurements were performed in an experimental coal mine Barbara GIG. At the first stage the measurements were performed with previously developed working prototype assembled with National Instruments components, and at the second one, after large modification with the new measurement unit fulfilling ATEX requirements, shown in Figure 8 (ATEX directives consists of two EU directives describing the minimum safety requirements of the workplace and equipment used in explosive atmosphere. ATEX derives its name from Equipment intended for use in EXplosive ATmospheres).
The portable measurement system for quality control of installed rock bolts, working prototype (left) and final version fulfilling ATEX requirements (right).
The total amount of investigated rockbolts in the experimental coal mine was 30. Initially, as it was not known how a supporting plate and a nut may influence the proper identification of grouting discontinuity the diagnose was realized on cases where supporting plate and nut were unscrewed and removed. Later on the experiments were performed with a complete assembly (a plate and a nut fixed), as shown in Figure 9 and the results were compared (discussed in the second part of this paragraph). The characteristics of transfer functions for the analyzed cases were utilized for evaluation of natural frequencies, which were crucial parameters for proper matching with finite element modal models base and diagnosis of related discontinuity length. Basing on in situ measurements and the analysis, we concluded that damping did not convey satisfactory information on the subject and might vary to a certain degree from sample to sample overshadowing its proper usefulness. Since tests in real conditions were performed on a relatively short length of a rock bolt, a mode shape usage was also constrained.
Impact excitation of installed rock bolts, with the working prototype (left) and the unit fulfilling ATEX requirements (right).
The example results of the undertaken investigations are presented below. The comparison is made for measurements realized with the working prototype and the unit fulfilling ATEX requirements. The analyzed example case corresponds to the discontinuity length shown in Figure 10, the lack of grout from the drilled hole end and in the outer part of a rock bolt (supporting plate and nut unscrewed and removed). The differences in upper and lower plots may be attributed to different accelerometer orientation and consequently different impact direction. The identified natural frequencies are shown in Table 4 and the scatter plots of the differences between FE model and data estimated experimentally for that case are presented in Figure 11.
The characteristics of the transfer functions for the analyzed case (measurements realized with the working prototype (a-upper chart) and the unit fulfilling ATEX requirements (a-lower chart)) and the estimated grout length (b), the length of the rock bolt is equal to 2.0 m. The chart axes are: the vertical axis—inertance, in (m/s2)/N, the horizontal axis the frequency, in Hz.
No | Frequency, Hz | Difference (a), % | Difference (b), % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Experiment (a) | Experiment (b) | FE model | |||
1 | 305.7 | 308.9 | 311.3 | 1.8 | 0.8 |
2* | 610.9 | 616.5 | 568.6 | −6.9 | −7.8 |
3* | 915.8 | 924.6 | 934.9 | 2.1 | 1.1 |
4* | 1425.0 | 1441.0 | 1387.2 | −2.7 | −3.7 |
5* | 1524.7 | 1537.3 | 1387.2 | 9.0 | 9.8 |
6 | 1707.0 | 1739.2 | 1832.9 | 7.4 | 5.4 |
The identified natural frequencies of the investigated rock bolt, measurement with the working prototype (a), and the unit fulfilling the ATEX requirements (b).
The frequency characteristic for the hidden end part of a rock bolt.
Scatter plot of the differences between FE model and data evaluated experimentally. The values of the lengths of discontinuity are: (a) 19 cm and (b) 90 cm. These values are specified for the first minimum differences of models and are clearly outside the values of the random scatter. The upper plots are for measurements with the working prototype, the lower ones for measurements with the unit fulfilling the ATEX requirements.
In order to validate this method experiments were continued on the same cases of discontinuity deliberately prepared with the complete assembly of elements, so after screwing plate and nut to the rock bolt. Below the comparison of the measurements performed without the supporting plate and nut, and after screwing them to the rock bolt is discussed. A typical torsion force applied in the real working conditions is 250 Nm, so such a value was used in the finite element model (FE). Of course it is not a constraint and other torsion forces may be used according to real situations; a thorough discussion on that topic is accessible in technical literature [20, 29]. The example cases (at first without a nut and a plate) are shown in Figures 12 and 13. Utilizing the characteristics of the transfer function for the analyzed cases (a), the scatter plots of the differences between FE model and data evaluated experimentally were used and the designated sections of the length of discontinuity were obtained (c). For the rock bolt grouted from a rear, hidden end, shown in Figure 12, the discontinuity length is approximately equal to 1.15 m. That value is specified for the first minimum difference of models and is clearly outside the values of the random scatter.
The results of estimation of the grout length: (a) the characteristics of the transfer function for the analyzed case, the vertical axis of the chart—inertance, in (m/s2)/N, the horizontal axis—frequency, in Hz, (b) the scatter plot of the differences between FE model and data evaluated experimentally, (c) the estimated grout length, the length of the rock bolt is equal to 2.0 m.
The results of estimation of the grout length: (a) the characteristics of the transfer function for the analyzed case, the vertical axis of the chart—inertance, in (m/s2)/N, the horizontal axis—frequency, in Hz, (b) the estimated grout length, the length of the rock bolt is equal to 2.0 m, (c) the scatter plot of the differences between FE model and data evaluated experimentally.
The experimentally identified and numerically calculated (FE model) natural frequencies are presented in Table 5.
No | Frequency, Hz | Difference, % | |
---|---|---|---|
Experiment | FE model | ||
1 | 71.50 | 64.78 | −9.40 |
2 | 188.92 | 181.09 | −4.14 |
3 | 361.43 | 354.0 | −2.05 |
4 | 595.02 | 583.34 | −1.96 |
5 | 956.45 | 868.02 | −9.25 |
6 | 1258.33 | 1206.7 | −4.10 |
7 | 1606.09 | 1597.9 | −0.51 |
8 | 1980.71 | 2039.3 | 2.96 |
9 | 2261.37 | 2520.6 | 11.46 |
Comparison of identified natural frequencies for a rock bolt grouted from a rear, hidden end, the measurement using working prototype.
For the rock bolt grouted from a roof strata surface, shown in Figure 13, the discontinuity length is approximately equal to 1.15 m and the length of the outer part is approximately equal to 0.16 m. These values are specified for the first minimum differences of models and are clearly outside the values of the random scatter.
The identified experimentally and calculated numerically (FE model) natural frequencies are presented in Table 6.
No | Frequency, Hz | Difference, % | |
---|---|---|---|
Experiment | FE model | ||
1 | 408.873 | 420.71 | −2.81 |
2* | 819.581 | 868.02 | −5.58 |
3* | 1229.866 | 1206.7 | 1.92 |
4* | 1633.481 | 1597.9 | 2.23 |
5* | 2042.362 | 2039.3 | 0.15 |
The identified natural frequencies of the investigated rock bolt grouted from a roof strata surface, the measurement using unit using working prototype.
The frequency characteristic for the hidden end part of a rock bolt.
The results of measurements performed with the supporting plate and nut, after screwing them to the rock bolt are shown in Figures 14 and 15. For the rock bolt grouted from a rear, hidden end, shown in Figure 14, the discontinuity length is approximately equal to 0.95 m. Though there are two minimum values outside the random scatter, the first one may be chosen as valid, the second may be attributed to aliasing phenomena observed in frequency analysis as well.
The results of estimation of the grout length: (a) the characteristics of the transfer function for the analyzed case, the vertical axis of the chart—inertance, in (m/s2)/N, the horizontal axis—frequency, in Hz, (b) the scatter plot of the differences between FE model and data evaluated experimentally, (c) the estimated grout length, the length of the rock bolt is equal to 2.0 m.
The results of estimation of the grout length: (a) the characteristics of the transfer function for the analyzed case, the vertical axis of the chart—inertance, in (m/s2)/N, the horizontal axis—frequency, in Hz, (b) the scatter plot of the differences between FE model and data evaluated experimentally, (c) the estimated grout length, the length of the rock bolt is equal to 2.0 m.
The experimentally identified and numerically calculated (FE model) natural frequencies are presented in Table 7.
No | Frequency, Hz | Difference 1, % | Difference 2, % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Experiment 1 | Experiment 2 | FE model | |||
1* | 123.2 | 123.4 | 101.43 | −17.7 | −17.8 |
2* | 238.7 | 238.9 | 251.25 | 5.3 | 5.2 |
3* | 390.6 | 391.0 | 346.06 | −11.4 | −11.5 |
4 | 518.7 | 521.4 | 528,86 | 2.0 | 1.4 |
5* | 783.2 | 782.9 | 814.46 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
6* | 932.4 | 935.1 | 814.46 | −12.7 | −12.9 |
7* | 1616.5 | 1609.0 | 1624.9 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
8* | 2017.4 | 2008.9 | 1874.9 | −7.1 | −6.7 |
Comparison of identified natural frequencies for a rock bolt grouted from a rear, hidden end for measurement units—the working prototype based on National Instrument’s components and the new one fulfilling the ATEX requirements.
The frequency characteristic for the hidden end part of a rock bolt.
The grout length assessment is quite consistent with that obtained at the first stage, when a plate and a nut were unscrewed.
For the rock bolt grouted from a roof strata surface, shown in Figure 15, the discontinuity length is approximately equal to 1.15 m.
The experimentally identified and numerically calculated (FE model) natural frequencies are presented in Table 8.
No | Frequency, Hz | Difference, % | |
---|---|---|---|
Experiment | FE model | ||
1 | 445.8 | 470.3 | −5.5 |
2* | 851.1 | 850.7 | 0.1 |
3* | 1296.9 | 1182.2 | 8.8 |
4* | 1484.4 | 1564.8 | −5.4 |
5* | 1589.5 | 1667.4 | −4.9 |
The identified natural frequencies of the investigated rock bolt, measurement unit—working prototype.
The frequency characteristic for the hidden end part of a rock bolt.
The grout length assessment is also quite consistent with that obtained at the first stage, when a plate and a nut were unscrewed.
Further experiments were realized in working coal and copper mines and around 50 rock bolts were tested. The aim of one of these experimental studies was connected with rock mass characterization [30] and examination of the strength of rock bolts mounted in the rock strata [3, 4] at different depths. The study took place in a chosen corridor of the working coalmine. The rock bolts were grouted in the roof of the roadway. There were 12 rock bolts mounted in 4 rows and the lengths of the rock bolts were: 2.4 m, 1.85 m, 1.25 m and 0.85 m. Localization of the research and distribution of investigated rock bolts are presented in Figure 16. All rock bolts were grouted using the resin material type Lokset. The grout length was 30 cm from the bottom of the hole.
The exploited seam with investigated rockbolts and hydraulic jack for pull out test (a), distribution of measured rock bolts no 1–12 (b) and the example geometry of the identified discontinuity case (c). The lengths of rock bolts: no 1, 2, 3—2.4 m, no 4, 5, 6—1.85 m, no 7, 8, 9—1.25 m, no 10, 11, 12—0.85 m.
Then a pull out test was conducted by technical staff, who made a thorough analysis of obtained characteristics of pulling (put forward) of the rock bolts taking into account not only pulling of the rock bolt from the grout but also extending of the rock bolt as a result of applied force.
The quality assessment of grouting of rock bolts was performed as complementary to these tests. Although localization and length of the grout were known, the research was undertaken assuming that the result of the grouting process does not necessarily coincide with the intended one. Following are the results of the identification studies of quality assessment of grouted rock bolts. The reference models (FE models), with a specific location of grout, corresponding to experimental cases were matched. The research was conducted for 7 cases and for 4 cases studies were performed before and after pull out tests. For the shortest rock bolts, length 85 cm, lack of sufficient grout strength was also observed (rocks were too weak at that lengths).
The examples of the analysis results in ANSYS environment are shown in Figures 17 and 18 (visible parts are: a rock bolt and a resin layer). Correct matching cases with calculated mismatch errors are shown in Tables 9–11. The diagnosed grout lengths were localized at the end, bottom part of the rock bolts and were very close to the intended grout length of 30 cm. In order to check the accuracy of the assessment the FE calculations were performed also for smaller and larger grout lengths. For example, for the rock bolt with a length of 1.25 m, the smallest difference was obtained for the grout length 31 cm, and by increasing the length of the modeled grout by 1 cm the error changed from positive to negative values, which meant that the correct value was somewhere between 31 cm and 32 cm.
The example of analysis results in ANSYS environment for a rock bolt length of 1.85 m.
The example of analysis results in ANSYS environment for a rock bolt length of 1.25 m.
No 1 before pull out test | No 1 after pull out test | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Frequency. Hz | Diff. % | No | Frequency. Hz | Diff. % | ||
Experiment | FE | Experiment | FE | ||||
1 | 204.4 | 198.0 | 3.2 | 1 | 208.4 | 198.0 | 5.2 |
2 | 303.9 | 295.4 | 2.9 | 2 | 308.3 | 295.4 | 4.4 |
3 | 424.1 | 411.8 | 3.0 | 3 | 430.3 | 411.8 | 4.5 |
4 | 565.3 | 547.1 | 3.3 | 4 | 565.8 | 547.1 | 3.4 |
5 | 717.8 | 701.1 | 2.4 | 5 | 741.1 | 701.1 | 5.7 |
6 | 892.3 | 873.5 | 2.2 | 6 | 910.2 | 873.5 | 4.2 |
7 | 1091.1 | 1064.0 | 2.5 | 7 | 1091.4 | 1064.0 | 2.6 |
8 | 1307.5 | 1272.4 | 2.8 | 8 | 1355.9 | 1272.4 | 6.6 |
9 | 1540.7 | 1498.2 | 2.8 | 9 | 1589.2 | 1498.2 | 6.1 |
Average difference. % | 2.8 | Average difference. % | 4.9 |
Rock bolt length 2.4 m, grout length 0.3 m from the bottom of the hole, case no 1.
No 5 before pull out test | No 5 after pull out test | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Frequency. Hz | Diff. % | No | Frequency. Hz | Diff. % | ||
Experiment | FE | Experiment | FE | ||||
1 | 104.5 | 111.1 | −5.9 | 1 | 88.7 | 111.1 | −20.1 |
2 | 207.6 | 217.3 | −4.4 | 2 | 211.7 | 217.3 | −2.6 |
3 | 349.1 | 358.3 | −2.6 | 3 | 347.4 | 358.3 | −3.0 |
4 | 513.4 | 533.7 | −3.8 | 4 | 516.6 | 533.7 | −3.2 |
5 | 714.5 | 743.0 | −3.8 | 5 | 733.2 | 743.0 | −1.3 |
6 | 948.1 | 985.4 | −3.8 | 6 | 960.4 | 985.4 | −2.5 |
7 | 1206.1 | 1260.2 | −4.3 | 7 | 1231.9 | 1260.2 | −2.2 |
8 | 1495.4 | 1566.5 | −4.5 | 8 | 1581.3 | 1566.5 | 0.9 |
9 | 1819.8 | 1902.8 | −4.4 | 9 | — | — | — |
Average difference. % | −4.3 | Average difference. % | −7.5 |
Rock bolt length 1.85 m, grout length 0.3 m from the bottom of the hole, case no 5.
No 8 after pull out test | No 8 after pull out test | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Frequency. Hz | Diff. % | No | Frequency. Hz | Diff. % | ||
Experiment | FE | Experiment | FE | ||||
1 | — | — | — | 1 | 103.9 | 102.8 | 1.1 |
2 | 292.4 | 286.7 | 2.0 | 2 | 295.2 | 286.7 | 3.0 |
3 | 568.0 | 559.0 | 1.6 | 3 | 571.0 | 559.0 | 2.1 |
4 | 932.8 | 918.0 | 1.6 | 4 | 927.8 | 918.0 | 1.1 |
5 | 1382.2 | 1360.3 | 1.6 | 5 | 1376.3 | 1360.3 | 1.2 |
6 | 1945.7 | 1880.8 | 3.4 | 6 | 1900.7 | 1880.8 | 1.1 |
Average difference. % | 2.2 | Average difference. % | 1.7 |
Rock bolt length 1.25 m, grout length 0.3 m from the bottom of the hole, case no 8.
An important observation made during the tests was a slight but distinct increase of identified natural frequencies after pull out tests, which proves the impact of the test on mechanical parameters of the test structure and shows a stress hysteresis. Because of the elongation, that is, a slight increase of the length of the rock bolt, this change should go in the opposite direction, namely a decrease of the natural frequencies. In analyzed cases it appears that the first factor is dominant—stress hysteresis. During a normal quality assessment of grouted rock bolts this effect will not take place. It should also be noted that in investigated cases not all natural frequencies were identified, however, their number was sufficient to match the experimental and theoretical (FE) models. The results were quite satisfactory and proved the usefulness of the method.
Based on obtained knowledge and experience research was continued for quality assessment of rock bolt support system realized as a project of above 2 km length corridor drilled for excavation purposes to enable access to large coal deposits. The research was performed in several sessions and it seems to be relevant to perform such a control on a periodic basis.
The diagnosed natural frequencies with calculated mismatch errors for the example case are presented in Table 12.
No | Frequency, Hz | Difference, % | |
---|---|---|---|
Experiment | FE model | ||
1 | 363.8 | 362.0 | −0.5 |
2 | 676.3 | 689.2 | 1.9 |
3 | 1023.0 | 1061.8 | 3.8 |
4 | 1296.9 | 1336.3 | 3.0 |
5 | 1468.3 | 1336.3 | −9.0 |
6 | 1778.7 | 1785.2 | 0.4 |
7 | 2135.0 | 2398.9 | 12.4 |
The identified natural frequencies of the investigated rock bolt.
The FRF functions (waterfall curve) for an investigated rock bolt, a placement of the response transducer, and the identified discontinuity length are presented in Figure 19. The discontinuity length is about 80 cm from the outer part. What was observed in that particular session that in the adjacent area several similar cases of discontinuity were diagnosed.
The results of rock bolt quality assessment, FRF functions (waterfall curve) for an investigated rock bolt (a), the identified discontinuity case (b), a placement of the response transducer (c), the length of the rock bolt is equal to 2.5 m.
While explaining possible reasons of improper grouting it is worth considering the technology of installation of rock bolts. There are mainly three phases of fixing the rock bolt into rock strata: a placement of grout cartridges into a drilled hole using a rockbolt (a rock bolt is inserted up to it half length), turning phase with continued insertion of a rock bolt up to the end of the hole (depending on the environmental conditions a time period is about 10 s), spinning phase (about 4-5 s) and hold phase (about 15 s). It is very crucial to control these phases especially the turning and spinning ones. Otherwise lack of grouting connection may occur. Too fast insertion of a rock bolt may lead to leakage of grout from the hole and lack of grout in the back part. Too long spinning phase may cause damage of contact between a rock bolt and grout in the inner part (close to the end of the hole). It is because the hardening time in that part is shorter than that in the outer part (specific preparation of grout cartridges). Too slow insertion may result in not full mixing of grout, especially at the end of a rock bolt (one of the consequences might be a rock bolt sticking out more than it is supposed to). If there are crevices in rock strata some amount of grout may leak into that area with the result of local discontinuity of grout layer. Another case might be a larger diameter of the hole then projected, mainly in the outer part of a hole (quite often when rock strata is hard). Then the amount of grout inserted is not enough for proper connection of a rock bolt to rock strata and it also may lead to lack of grout in the outer part of the hole. Inspection of camera records of holes in the investigated area revealed that it could be the reason for not proper grouting for the case shown in Figure 19.
The increasing interest in the use of rock bolt support systems has its economic background. This system of prevention is less time and material consuming as well as technically more feasible. In strong rocks the use of rock bolt systems is prevailing. In Polish coal mines where rock strata are weaker, the interest in the usage of rock bolt support system is much lower but recently marked changes may be observed in this area. At the same time there is no satisfactory non-destructive method for testing rock bolt installation [6]. It was the reason for undertaking the research on the method for identification of grouting discontinuity for rock bolts. The invented method uses modal analysis procedures and is based on an impact excitation and reconciliation of experimental and theoretical modal models.
In laboratory conditions a cause-effect relation was found between excitation of a rock bolt to transverse vibration and response characteristic of the examined structure. To enable in situ measurement a portable measurement system was invented and constructed. The LabVIEW environment was used as a programming tool. Simultaneously, import of recorded data and derivation of modal parameters were performed utilizing modal analysis software LMS TestLab.
Dynamic parameters of a tested structure (installed rock bolt) are determined by its border conditions, which are directly connected with a grouting discontinuity length. That fact enabled us to diagnose the discontinuity length.
It was necessary to build a theoretical modal model of an installed rock bolt where different cases of grouting discontinuity were encountered. The results of theoretical modal analysis performed on validated FE model constituted a reference base for unknown cases (correlation and comparison techniques were used to validate the model). The reference to the base of validated theoretical models was found reasonable (the discontinuities of verification tests were determined a priori). The reference base may be used for different types of rocks.
Based on the prototype construction the final version fulfilling ATEX requirements was constructed.
The transverse excitation was found as more adequate to identify the discontinuity length of the resin layer of the installed rock bolts.
A mass of a response transducer has influence on the results [26], hence it is desired to minimize it.
The measurement system was verified in real coal mine conditions.
On the basis of the carried out research and calculations of finite element models of the system under test, rock bolt - resin - rock mass, it can be concluded that the developed method and analytical application actually classifies the measured natural frequencies group and enables to identify cases of discontinuity (regions of lack of bonding, which is seen as crucial here).
At present a diagnosis is completed after analytical phase performed in laboratory conditions, so results are not accessible in situ. Its usage is restricted to steel rock bolts up to 2.5 m long (longer rock bolts were not investigated), though not only in mining but also in building engineering.
The realized research was financed by Polish Ministry of Science and High Education, project no 11060317.
Supporting women in scientific research and encouraging more women to pursue careers in STEM fields has been an issue on the global agenda for many years. But there is still much to be done. And IntechOpen wants to help.
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Concerns, challenges, and opportunities related to the Industry 4.0 are analyzed, and specific policies to deal with the challenges and take advantage from the opportunities are proposed. Other issues that are set under consideration in this paper are the rate at which the human labor is threatened by the technological achievements, the main factors that increase workers’ exposure to the risk of automation, the jobs that are more at risk due to automation, and the basic factors that make political intervention necessary in order to deal with the unpredictable consequences of the technological progress such as the threat of a nuclear disaster and a possible income and social inequality gap widening. Finally, a special reference is done for the case of Greece.",book:{id:"9178",slug:"industrial-robotics-new-paradigms",title:"Industrial Robotics",fullTitle:"Industrial Robotics - New Paradigms"},signatures:"Evanthia K. 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As a consequence, to achieve the goal and ensure that the UAV is able to accurately estimate its position and orientation without the usage of GPS, an alternative navigation system based on visual-inertial algorithms and the SLAM will be proposed using data fusion techniques. 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To produce a comparison point, a weakened version of the multimodal approach—without using prior data—is evaluated with the same DL-based metrics.",book:{id:"9178",slug:"industrial-robotics-new-paradigms",title:"Industrial Robotics",fullTitle:"Industrial Robotics - New Paradigms"},signatures:"Edmundo Guerra, Jordi Palacin, Zhuping Wang and Antoni Grau",authors:[{id:"13038",title:"Prof.",name:"Antoni",middleName:null,surname:"Grau",slug:"antoni-grau",fullName:"Antoni Grau"}]},{id:"70219",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.90169",title:"Dynamic Compensation Framework to Improve the Autonomy of Industrial Robots",slug:"dynamic-compensation-framework-to-improve-the-autonomy-of-industrial-robots",totalDownloads:675,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"It is challenging to realize the autonomy of industrial robots under external and internal uncertainties. A majority of industrial robots are supposed to be programmed by teaching-playback method, which is not able to handle with uncertain working conditions. Although many studies have been conducted to improve the autonomy of industrial robots by utilizing external sensors with model-based approaches as well as adaptive approaches, it is still difficult to obtain good performance. In this chapter, we present a dynamic compensation framework based on a coarse-to-fine strategy to improve the autonomy of industrial robots while at the same time keeping good accuracy under many uncertainties. The proposed framework for industrial robot is designed along with a general intelligence architecture that is aiming to address the big issues such as smart manufacturing, industrial 4.0.",book:{id:"9178",slug:"industrial-robotics-new-paradigms",title:"Industrial Robotics",fullTitle:"Industrial Robotics - New Paradigms"},signatures:"Shouren Huang, Yuji Yamakawa and Masatoshi Ishikawa",authors:null},{id:"75911",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.97011",title:"QoS Control in Remote Robot Operation with Force Feedback",slug:"qos-control-in-remote-robot-operation-with-force-feedback",totalDownloads:286,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"Recently, many researchers focus on studies of remote robot operation with force feedback. By using force feedback, since users can touch remote objects and feel the shape, weight, and softness of each object, the efficiency and accuracy of operation can be largely improved. However, when the haptic information such as force and/or position information is transmitted over a QoS (Quality of Service) non-guaranteed network like the Internet, QoE (Quality of Experience) and stability may seriously deteriorate. Therefore, it is important to carry out QoS control and stabilization control together to solve the problems. In this chapter, we mainly focus on QoS control. We also introduce our remote robot system with force feedback which we constructed to study QoS control and stabilization control by experiment. In the system, a user operates a remote industrial robot with a force sensor by using a local haptic interface device while monitoring the robot operation by a video camera. We handle two types of operation; operation with a single remote robot system and that between two remote robot systems. We explain several types of QoS control which we have proposed so far for remote robot operation with force feedback. 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Concerns, challenges, and opportunities related to the Industry 4.0 are analyzed, and specific policies to deal with the challenges and take advantage from the opportunities are proposed. Other issues that are set under consideration in this paper are the rate at which the human labor is threatened by the technological achievements, the main factors that increase workers’ exposure to the risk of automation, the jobs that are more at risk due to automation, and the basic factors that make political intervention necessary in order to deal with the unpredictable consequences of the technological progress such as the threat of a nuclear disaster and a possible income and social inequality gap widening. Finally, a special reference is done for the case of Greece.",book:{id:"9178",slug:"industrial-robotics-new-paradigms",title:"Industrial Robotics",fullTitle:"Industrial Robotics - New Paradigms"},signatures:"Evanthia K. 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We verify the proposed platform by showing that the robot task and the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) program are performing with interlocking each other on the presented platform.",book:{id:"9178",slug:"industrial-robotics-new-paradigms",title:"Industrial Robotics",fullTitle:"Industrial Robotics - New Paradigms"},signatures:"Sanghoon Ji, Donguk Yu, Hoseok Jung and Hong Seong Park",authors:null},{id:"71637",title:"Socially Assistive Robotics: State-of-the-Art Scenarios in Mexico",slug:"socially-assistive-robotics-state-of-the-art-scenarios-in-mexico",totalDownloads:668,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"In this chapter, we describe the experience about the use of a humanoid robotic platform, in scenarios such as education and health in Mexico. The results obtained are commented on through the perspective of cultural, technological, and social aspects in the frameworks of education (from elementary to high school) and training of health professionals. The opening towards humanoid robotic systems in elementary school children, as well as health professionals, is not far from the acceptance due not only for the technological advancement but also for different social aspects. These two considerations influenced the results obtained and experiences achieved. At the same time, this chapter shows how humanoid robotics has functioned as a tool for final projects of undergraduate students.",book:{id:"9178",slug:"industrial-robotics-new-paradigms",title:"Industrial Robotics",fullTitle:"Industrial Robotics - New Paradigms"},signatures:"Edgar Lopez-Caudana, Germán Eduardo Baltazar Reyes and Pedro Ponce Cruz",authors:null},{id:"70117",title:"Cooperative Step Climbing Using Connected Wheeled Robots and Evaluation of Remote Operability",slug:"cooperative-step-climbing-using-connected-wheeled-robots-and-evaluation-of-remote-operability",totalDownloads:678,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"The present study evaluates the remote operability of step climbing using two connected robots that are teleoperated by individual operators. In general, a teleoperated robot is manipulated by an operator who is viewing moving images from a camera, which is one of the greatest advantages of such a system. However, robot teleoperation is not easy when a teleoperated robot is affected by the force from another robot or object. We constructed a step climbing system using two connected teleoperated robots. A theoretical analysis and the results of simulations clarified the correlations among the robot velocity, the manipulation time of the robots, and the height of the front wheels when climbing a step. The experimental results demonstrate the step climbing ability of the teleoperated robot system.",book:{id:"9178",slug:"industrial-robotics-new-paradigms",title:"Industrial Robotics",fullTitle:"Industrial Robotics - New Paradigms"},signatures:"Hidetoshi Ikeda, Natsuko Muranaka, Keisuke Sato and Eiji Nakano",authors:null},{id:"70361",title:"Visual-Inertial Indoor Navigation Systems and Algorithms for UAV Inspection Vehicles",slug:"visual-inertial-indoor-navigation-systems-and-algorithms-for-uav-inspection-vehicles",totalDownloads:781,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:"In UAV navigation, one of the challenges in which considerable efforts are being focused is to be able to move indoors. Completing this challenge would imply being able to respond to a series of industrial market needs such as the inspection of internal environments for safety purpose or the inventory of stored material. Usually GPS is used for navigation, but in a closed or underground environment, its signal is almost never available. As a consequence, to achieve the goal and ensure that the UAV is able to accurately estimate its position and orientation without the usage of GPS, an alternative navigation system based on visual-inertial algorithms and the SLAM will be proposed using data fusion techniques. In addition to the navigation system, we propose an obstacle avoidance method based on a Lidar sensor that allows navigation even in the absence of light.",book:{id:"9178",slug:"industrial-robotics-new-paradigms",title:"Industrial Robotics",fullTitle:"Industrial Robotics - New Paradigms"},signatures:"Lorenzo Galtarossa, Luca Francesco Navilli and Marcello Chiaberge",authors:null}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"122",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:8,limit:8,total:0},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:89,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:104,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:32,numberOfPublishedChapters:318,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:12,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:141,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:129,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:113,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:106,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:5,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:15,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}},{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"10",title:"Physiology",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",issn:"2631-8261",scope:"Modern physiology requires a comprehensive understanding of the integration of tissues and organs throughout the mammalian body, including the cooperation between structure and function at the cellular and molecular levels governed by gene and protein expression. While a daunting task, learning is facilitated by identifying common and effective signaling pathways mediated by a variety of factors employed by nature to preserve and sustain homeostatic life. \r\nAs a leading example, the cellular interaction between intracellular concentration of Ca+2 increases, and changes in plasma membrane potential is integral for coordinating blood flow, governing the exocytosis of neurotransmitters, and modulating gene expression and cell effector secretory functions. Furthermore, in this manner, understanding the systemic interaction between the cardiovascular and nervous systems has become more important than ever as human populations' life prolongation, aging and mechanisms of cellular oxidative signaling are utilised for sustaining life. \r\nAltogether, physiological research enables our identification of distinct and precise points of transition from health to the development of multimorbidity throughout the inevitable aging disorders (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, peptic ulcer, inflammatory bowel disease, age-related macular degeneration, cancer). With consideration of all organ systems (e.g., brain, heart, lung, gut, skeletal and smooth muscle, liver, pancreas, kidney, eye) and the interactions thereof, this Physiology Series will address the goals of resolving (1) Aging physiology and chronic disease progression (2) Examination of key cellular pathways as they relate to calcium, oxidative stress, and electrical signaling, and (3) how changes in plasma membrane produced by lipid peroxidation products can affect aging physiology, covering new research in the area of cell, human, plant and animal physiology.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/10.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"June 20th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:11,editor:{id:"35854",title:"Prof.",name:"Tomasz",middleName:null,surname:"Brzozowski",slug:"tomasz-brzozowski",fullName:"Tomasz Brzozowski",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/35854/images/system/35854.jpg",biography:"Prof. Dr. Thomas Brzozowski works as a professor of Human Physiology and is currently Chairman at the Department of Physiology and is V-Dean of the Medical Faculty at Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland. His primary area of interest is physiology and pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, with the major focus on the mechanism of GI mucosal defense, protection, and ulcer healing. He was a postdoctoral NIH fellow at the University of California and the Gastroenterology VA Medical Center, Irvine, Long Beach, CA, USA, and at the Gastroenterology Clinics Erlangen-Nuremberg and Munster in Germany. He has published 290 original articles in some of the most prestigious scientific journals and seven book chapters on the pathophysiology of the GI tract, gastroprotection, ulcer healing, drug therapy of peptic ulcers, hormonal regulation of the gut, and inflammatory bowel disease.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Jagiellonian University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:4,paginationItems:[{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/14.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"165627",title:"Dr.",name:"Rosa María",middleName:null,surname:"Martínez-Espinosa",slug:"rosa-maria-martinez-espinosa",fullName:"Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/165627/images/system/165627.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa has been a Spanish Full Professor since 2020 (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology) and is currently Vice-President of International Relations and Cooperation development and leader of the research group 'Applied Biochemistry” (University of Alicante, Spain). Other positions she has held at the university include Vice-Dean of Master Programs, Vice-Dean of the Degree in Biology and Vice-Dean for Mobility and Enterprise and Engagement at the Faculty of Science (University of Alicante). She received her Bachelor in Biology in 1998 (University of Alicante) and her PhD in 2003 (Biochemistry, University of Alicante). She undertook post-doctoral research at the University of East Anglia (Norwich, U.K. 2004-2005; 2007-2008).\nHer multidisciplinary research focuses on investigating archaea and their potential applications in biotechnology. She has an H-index of 21. She has authored one patent and has published more than 70 indexed papers and around 60 book chapters.\nShe has contributed to more than 150 national and international meetings during the last 15 years. Her research interests include archaea metabolism, enzymes purification and characterization, gene regulation, carotenoids and bioplastics production, antioxidant\ncompounds, waste water treatments, and brines bioremediation.\nRosa María’s other roles include editorial board member for several journals related\nto biochemistry, reviewer for more than 60 journals (biochemistry, molecular biology, biotechnology, chemistry and microbiology) and president of several organizing committees in international meetings related to the N-cycle or respiratory processes.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Alicante",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/15.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"441442",title:"Dr.",name:"Şükrü",middleName:null,surname:"Beydemir",slug:"sukru-beydemir",fullName:"Şükrü Beydemir",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00003GsUoIQAV/Profile_Picture_1634557147521",biography:"Dr. Şükrü Beydemir obtained a BSc in Chemistry in 1995 from Yüzüncü Yıl University, MSc in Biochemistry in 1998, and PhD in Biochemistry in 2002 from Atatürk University, Turkey. He performed post-doctoral studies at Max-Planck Institute, Germany, and University of Florence, Italy in addition to making several scientific visits abroad. He currently works as a Full Professor of Biochemistry in the Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Turkey. Dr. Beydemir has published over a hundred scientific papers spanning protein biochemistry, enzymology and medicinal chemistry, reviews, book chapters and presented several conferences to scientists worldwide. He has received numerous publication awards from various international scientific councils. He serves in the Editorial Board of several international journals. Dr. Beydemir is also Rector of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Turkey.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Anadolu University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}},editorTwo:{id:"13652",title:"Prof.",name:"Deniz",middleName:null,surname:"Ekinci",slug:"deniz-ekinci",fullName:"Deniz Ekinci",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYLT1QAO/Profile_Picture_1634557223079",biography:"Dr. Deniz Ekinci obtained a BSc in Chemistry in 2004, MSc in Biochemistry in 2006, and PhD in Biochemistry in 2009 from Atatürk University, Turkey. He studied at Stetson University, USA, in 2007-2008 and at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Germany, in 2009-2010. Dr. Ekinci currently works as a Full Professor of Biochemistry in the Faculty of Agriculture and is the Head of the Enzyme and Microbial Biotechnology Division, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey. He is a member of the Turkish Biochemical Society, American Chemical Society, and German Genetics society. Dr. Ekinci published around ninety scientific papers, reviews and book chapters, and presented several conferences to scientists. He has received numerous publication awards from several scientific councils. Dr. Ekinci serves as the Editor in Chief of four international books and is involved in the Editorial Board of several international journals.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ondokuz Mayıs University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}},editorThree:null},{id:"17",title:"Metabolism",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/17.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"138626",title:"Dr.",name:"Yannis",middleName:null,surname:"Karamanos",slug:"yannis-karamanos",fullName:"Yannis Karamanos",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002g6Jv2QAE/Profile_Picture_1629356660984",biography:"Yannis Karamanos, born in Greece in 1953, completed his pre-graduate studies at the Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, then his Masters and Doctoral degree at the Université de Lille (1983). He was associate professor at the University of Limoges (1987) before becoming full professor of biochemistry at the Université d’Artois (1996). He worked on the structure-function relationships of glycoconjugates and his main project was the investigations on the biological roles of the de-N-glycosylation enzymes (Endo-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-β-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase). From 2002 he contributes to the understanding of the Blood-brain barrier functioning using proteomics approaches. He has published more than 70 papers. His teaching areas are energy metabolism and regulation, integration and organ specialization and metabolic adaptation.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Artois University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"France"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"18",title:"Proteomics",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/18.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"200689",title:"Prof.",name:"Paolo",middleName:null,surname:"Iadarola",slug:"paolo-iadarola",fullName:"Paolo Iadarola",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSCl8QAG/Profile_Picture_1623568118342",biography:"Paolo Iadarola graduated with a degree in Chemistry from the University of Pavia (Italy) in July 1972. He then worked as an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Science of the same University until 1984. In 1985, Prof. Iadarola became Associate Professor at the Department of Biology and Biotechnologies of the University of Pavia and retired in October 2017. Since then, he has been working as an Adjunct Professor in the same Department at the University of Pavia. His research activity during the first years was primarily focused on the purification and structural characterization of enzymes from animal and plant sources. During this period, Prof. Iadarola familiarized himself with the conventional techniques used in column chromatography, spectrophotometry, manual Edman degradation, and electrophoresis). Since 1995, he has been working on: i) the determination in biological fluids (serum, urine, bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum) of proteolytic activities involved in the degradation processes of connective tissue matrix, and ii) on the identification of biological markers of lung diseases. In this context, he has developed and validated new methodologies (e.g., Capillary Electrophoresis coupled to Laser-Induced Fluorescence, CE-LIF) whose application enabled him to determine both the amounts of biochemical markers (Desmosines) in urine/serum of patients affected by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and the activity of proteolytic enzymes (Human Neutrophil Elastase, Cathepsin G, Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase) in sputa of these patients. More recently, Prof. Iadarola was involved in developing techniques such as two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (2DE-LC/MS) for the proteomic analysis of biological fluids aimed at the identification of potential biomarkers of different lung diseases. He is the author of about 150 publications (According to Scopus: H-Index: 23; Total citations: 1568- According to WOS: H-Index: 20; Total Citations: 1296) of peer-reviewed international journals. He is a Consultant Reviewer for several journals, including the Journal of Chromatography A, Journal of Chromatography B, Plos ONE, Proteomes, International Journal of Molecular Science, Biotech, Electrophoresis, and others. He is also Associate Editor of Biotech.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Pavia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},editorTwo:{id:"201414",title:"Dr.",name:"Simona",middleName:null,surname:"Viglio",slug:"simona-viglio",fullName:"Simona Viglio",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRKDHQA4/Profile_Picture_1630402531487",biography:"Simona Viglio is an Associate Professor of Biochemistry at the Department of Molecular Medicine at the University of Pavia. She has been working since 1995 on the determination of proteolytic enzymes involved in the degradation process of connective tissue matrix and on the identification of biological markers of lung diseases. She gained considerable experience in developing and validating new methodologies whose applications allowed her to determine both the amount of biomarkers (Desmosine and Isodesmosine) in the urine of patients affected by COPD, and the activity of proteolytic enzymes (HNE, Cathepsin G, Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase) in the sputa of these patients. Simona Viglio was also involved in research dealing with the supplementation of amino acids in patients with brain injury and chronic heart failure. She is presently engaged in the development of 2-DE and LC-MS techniques for the study of proteomics in biological fluids. The aim of this research is the identification of potential biomarkers of lung diseases. She is an author of about 90 publications (According to Scopus: H-Index: 23; According to WOS: H-Index: 20) on peer-reviewed journals, a member of the “Società Italiana di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare,“ and a Consultant Reviewer for International Journal of Molecular Science, Journal of Chromatography A, COPD, Plos ONE and Nutritional Neuroscience.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Pavia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},editorThree:null}]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:36,paginationItems:[{id:"82195",title:"Endoplasmic Reticulum: A Hub in Lipid Homeostasis",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105450",signatures:"Raúl Ventura and María Isabel Hernández-Alvarez",slug:"endoplasmic-reticulum-a-hub-in-lipid-homeostasis",totalDownloads:3,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Endoplasmic Reticulum",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11674.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}},{id:"82409",title:"Purinergic Signaling in Covid-19 Disease",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105008",signatures:"Hailian Shen",slug:"purinergic-signaling-in-covid-19-disease",totalDownloads:5,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Purinergic System",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10801.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"82374",title:"The Potential of the Purinergic System as a Therapeutic Target of Natural Compounds in Cutaneous Melanoma",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105457",signatures:"Gilnei Bruno da Silva, Daiane Manica, Marcelo Moreno and Margarete Dulce Bagatini",slug:"the-potential-of-the-purinergic-system-as-a-therapeutic-target-of-natural-compounds-in-cutaneous-mel",totalDownloads:10,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Purinergic System",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10801.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"82103",title:"The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Its Regulation in the Progression of Neurological and Infectious Diseases",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105543",signatures:"Mary Dover, Michael Kishek, Miranda Eddins, Naneeta Desar, Ketema Paul and Milan Fiala",slug:"the-role-of-endoplasmic-reticulum-stress-and-its-regulation-in-the-progression-of-neurological-and-i",totalDownloads:6,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Endoplasmic Reticulum",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11674.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}}]},overviewPagePublishedBooks:{paginationCount:32,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"7006",title:"Biochemistry and Health Benefits of Fatty Acids",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7006.jpg",slug:"biochemistry-and-health-benefits-of-fatty-acids",publishedDate:"December 19th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Viduranga Waisundara",hash:"c93a00abd68b5eba67e5e719f67fd20b",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Biochemistry and Health Benefits of Fatty Acids",editors:[{id:"194281",title:"Dr.",name:"Viduranga Y.",middleName:null,surname:"Waisundara",slug:"viduranga-y.-waisundara",fullName:"Viduranga Y. Waisundara",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/194281/images/system/194281.jpg",biography:"Dr. Viduranga Waisundara obtained her Ph.D. in Food Science\nand Technology from the Department of Chemistry, National\nUniversity of Singapore, in 2010. She was a lecturer at Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore from July 2009 to March 2013.\nShe relocated to her motherland of Sri Lanka and spearheaded the Functional Food Product Development Project at the\nNational Institute of Fundamental Studies from April 2013 to\nOctober 2016. She was a senior lecturer on a temporary basis at the Department of\nFood Technology, Faculty of Technology, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka. She is\ncurrently Deputy Principal of the Australian College of Business and Technology –\nKandy Campus, Sri Lanka. She is also the Global Harmonization Initiative (GHI)",institutionString:"Australian College of Business & Technology",institution:null}]},{type:"book",id:"6820",title:"Keratin",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6820.jpg",slug:"keratin",publishedDate:"December 19th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Miroslav Blumenberg",hash:"6def75cd4b6b5324a02b6dc0359896d0",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Keratin",editors:[{id:"31610",title:"Dr.",name:"Miroslav",middleName:null,surname:"Blumenberg",slug:"miroslav-blumenberg",fullName:"Miroslav Blumenberg",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/31610/images/system/31610.jpg",biography:"Miroslav Blumenberg, Ph.D., was born in Subotica and received his BSc in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. He completed his Ph.D. at MIT in Organic Chemistry; he followed up his Ph.D. with two postdoctoral study periods at Stanford University. Since 1983, he has been a faculty member of the RO Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU School of Medicine, where he is codirector of a training grant in cutaneous biology. Dr. Blumenberg’s research is focused on the epidermis, expression of keratin genes, transcription profiling, keratinocyte differentiation, inflammatory diseases and cancers, and most recently the effects of the microbiome on the skin. He has published more than 100 peer-reviewed research articles and graduated numerous Ph.D. and postdoctoral students.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"New York University Langone Medical Center",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7978",title:"Vitamin A",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7978.jpg",slug:"vitamin-a",publishedDate:"May 15th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Leila Queiroz Zepka, Veridiana Vera de Rosso and Eduardo Jacob-Lopes",hash:"dad04a658ab9e3d851d23705980a688b",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Vitamin A",editors:[{id:"261969",title:"Dr.",name:"Leila",middleName:null,surname:"Queiroz Zepka",slug:"leila-queiroz-zepka",fullName:"Leila Queiroz Zepka",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/261969/images/system/261969.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Leila Queiroz Zepka is currently an associate professor in the Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil. She has more than fifteen years of teaching and research experience. She has published more than 550 scientific publications/communications, including 15 books, 50 book chapters, 100 original research papers, 380 research communications in national and international conferences, and 12 patents. She is a member of the editorial board of five journals and acts as a reviewer for several national and international journals. 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Several international research projects has been performed with European partners from France, Netherlands, Norway and the UK. He is currently Professor of Communications Systems at the Harz University of Applied Sciences, Germany.\n\nPublications and Publishing\nHe has edited one book, a special interest book about ‘Optoelectronic Packaging’ (VDE, Berlin, Germany), and has published over 100 papers and is owner of several international patents for WDM over POF key elements.\n\nKey Research and Consulting Interests\nUlrich’s research activity has always been related to Spectroscopy and Optical Communications Technology. Specific current interests include the validation of complex instruments, and the application of VR technology to the development and testing of measurement systems. 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In subsequent years, the concept of 'telematic education” subsequently becomes well established in academic circles in South Africa, grew in popularity, and is adopted by many universities and colleges throughout South Africa as a medium of enhancing education and training, as a method to reaching out to far out communities, and as a means to enhance study from the home environment.\r\n\r\nProfessor Snyman in subsequent years pursued research in semiconductor physics, semiconductor devices, microelectronics, and optoelectronics.\r\n\r\nIn 2000 he joined the TUT as a full professor. Here served for a period as head of the Department of Electronic Engineering. Here he makes contributions to solar energy development, microwave and optoelectronic device development, silicon photonics, as well as contributions to new mobile telecommunication systems and network planning in SA.\r\n\r\nCurrently, he teaches electronics and telecommunications at the TUT to audiences ranging from first-year students to Ph.D. level.\r\n\r\nFor his research in the field of 'Silicon Photonics” since 1990, he has published (as author and co-author) about thirty internationally reviewed articles in scientific journals, contributed to more than forty international conferences, about 25 South African provisional patents (as inventor and co-inventor), 8 PCT international patent applications until now. Of these, two USA patents applications, two European Patents, two Korean patents, and ten SA patents have been granted. A further 4 USA patents, 5 European patents, 3 Korean patents, 3 Chinese patents, and 3 Japanese patents are currently under consideration.\r\n\r\nRecently he has also published an extensive scholarly chapter in an internet open access book on 'Integrating Microphotonic Systems and MOEMS into standard Silicon CMOS Integrated circuitry”.\r\n\r\nFurthermore, Professor Snyman recently steered a new initiative at the TUT by introducing a 'Laboratory for Innovative Electronic Systems ' at the Department of Electrical Engineering. The model of this laboratory or center is to primarily combine outputs as achieved by high-level research with lower-level system development and entrepreneurship in a technical university environment. Students are allocated to projects at different levels with PhDs and Master students allocated to the generation of new knowledge and new technologies, while students at the diploma and Baccalaureus level are allocated to electronic systems development with a direct and a near application for application in industry or the commercial and public sectors in South Africa.\r\n\r\nProfessor Snyman received the WIRSAM Award of 1983 and the WIRSAM Award in 1985 in South Africa for best research papers by a young scientist at two international conferences on electron microscopy in South Africa. He subsequently received the SA Microelectronics Award for the best dissertation emanating from studies executed at a South African university in the field of Physics and Microelectronics in South Africa in 1987. In October of 2011, Professor Snyman received the prestigious Institutional Award for 'Innovator of the Year” for 2010 at the Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa. This award was based on the number of patents recognized and granted by local and international institutions as well as for his contributions concerning innovation at the TUT.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of South Africa",country:{name:"South Africa"}}},{id:"317279",title:"Mr.",name:"Ali",middleName:"Usama",surname:"Syed",slug:"ali-syed",fullName:"Ali Syed",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/317279/images/16024_n.png",biography:"A creative, talented, and innovative young professional who is dedicated, well organized, and capable research fellow with two years of experience in graduate-level research, published in engineering journals and book, with related expertise in Bio-robotics, equally passionate about the aesthetics of the mechanical and electronic system, obtained expertise in the use of MS Office, MATLAB, SolidWorks, LabVIEW, Proteus, Fusion 360, having a grasp on python, C++ and assembly language, possess proven ability in acquiring research grants, previous appointments with social and educational societies with experience in administration, current affiliations with IEEE and Web of Science, a confident presenter at conferences and teacher in classrooms, able to explain complex information to audiences of all levels.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Air University",country:{name:"Pakistan"}}},{id:"75526",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Zihni Onur",middleName:null,surname:"Uygun",slug:"zihni-onur-uygun",fullName:"Zihni Onur Uygun",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/75526/images/12_n.jpg",biography:"My undergraduate education and my Master of Science educations at Ege University and at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University have given me a firm foundation in Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Biosensors, Bioelectronics, Physical Chemistry and Medicine. After obtaining my degree as a MSc in analytical chemistry, I started working as a research assistant in Ege University Medical Faculty in 2014. In parallel, I enrolled to the MSc program at the Department of Medical Biochemistry at Ege University to gain deeper knowledge on medical and biochemical sciences as well as clinical chemistry in 2014. In my PhD I deeply researched on biosensors and bioelectronics and finished in 2020. Now I have eleven SCI-Expanded Index published papers, 6 international book chapters, referee assignments for different SCIE journals, one international patent pending, several international awards, projects and bursaries. In parallel to my research assistant position at Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry, in April 2016, I also founded a Start-Up Company (Denosens Biotechnology LTD) by the support of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey. Currently, I am also working as a CEO in Denosens Biotechnology. The main purposes of the company, which carries out R&D as a research center, are to develop new generation biosensors and sensors for both point-of-care diagnostics; such as glucose, lactate, cholesterol and cancer biomarker detections. My specific experimental and instrumental skills are Biochemistry, Biosensor, Analytical Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Mobile phone based point-of-care diagnostic device, POCTs and Patient interface designs, HPLC, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Spectrophotometry, ELISA.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ege University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"267434",title:"Dr.",name:"Rohit",middleName:null,surname:"Raja",slug:"rohit-raja",fullName:"Rohit Raja",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/267434/images/system/267434.jpg",biography:"Dr. Rohit Raja received Ph.D. in Computer Science and Engineering from Dr. CVRAMAN University in 2016. His main research interest includes Face recognition and Identification, Digital Image Processing, Signal Processing, and Networking. Presently he is working as Associate Professor in IT Department, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur (CG), India. He has authored several Journal and Conference Papers. He has good Academics & Research experience in various areas of CSE and IT. He has filed and successfully published 27 Patents. He has received many time invitations to be a Guest at IEEE Conferences. He has published 100 research papers in various International/National Journals (including IEEE, Springer, etc.) and Proceedings of the reputed International/ National Conferences (including Springer and IEEE). He has been nominated to the board of editors/reviewers of many peer-reviewed and refereed Journals (including IEEE, Springer).",institutionString:"Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya",institution:{name:"Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"246502",title:"Dr.",name:"Jaya T.",middleName:"T",surname:"Varkey",slug:"jaya-t.-varkey",fullName:"Jaya T. Varkey",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/246502/images/11160_n.jpg",biography:"Jaya T. Varkey, PhD, graduated with a degree in Chemistry from Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala, India. She obtained a PhD in Chemistry from the School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India, and completed a post-doctoral fellowship at the University of Minnesota, USA. She is a research guide at Mahatma Gandhi University and Associate Professor in Chemistry, St. Teresa’s College, Kochi, Kerala, India.\nDr. Varkey received a National Young Scientist award from the Indian Science Congress (1995), a UGC Research award (2016–2018), an Indian National Science Academy (INSA) Visiting Scientist award (2018–2019), and a Best Innovative Faculty award from the All India Association for Christian Higher Education (AIACHE) (2019). She Hashas received the Sr. Mary Cecil prize for best research paper three times. She was also awarded a start-up to develop a tea bag water filter. \nDr. Varkey has published two international books and twenty-seven international journal publications. She is an editorial board member for five international journals.",institutionString:"St. Teresa’s College",institution:null},{id:"250668",title:"Dr.",name:"Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Nabipour Chakoli",slug:"ali-nabipour-chakoli",fullName:"Ali Nabipour Chakoli",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/250668/images/system/250668.jpg",biography:"Academic Qualification:\r\n•\tPhD in Materials Physics and Chemistry, From: Sep. 2006, to: Sep. 2010, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Thesis: Structure and Shape Memory Effect of Functionalized MWCNTs/poly (L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) Nanocomposites. Supervisor: Prof. Wei Cai,\r\n•\tM.Sc in Applied Physics, From: 1996, to: 1998, Faculty of Physics & Nuclear Science, Amirkabir Uni. of Technology, Tehran, Iran, Thesis: Determination of Boron in Micro alloy Steels with solid state nuclear track detectors by neutron induced auto radiography, Supervisors: Dr. M. Hosseini Ashrafi and Dr. A. Hosseini.\r\n•\tB.Sc. in Applied Physics, From: 1991, to: 1996, Faculty of Physics & Nuclear Science, Amirkabir Uni. of Technology, Tehran, Iran, Thesis: Design of shielding for Am-Be neutron sources for In Vivo neutron activation analysis, Supervisor: Dr. M. Hosseini Ashrafi.\r\n\r\nResearch Experiences:\r\n1.\tNanomaterials, Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene: Synthesis, Functionalization and Characterization,\r\n2.\tMWCNTs/Polymer Composites: Fabrication and Characterization, \r\n3.\tShape Memory Polymers, Biodegradable Polymers, ORC, Collagen,\r\n4.\tMaterials Analysis and Characterizations: TEM, SEM, XPS, FT-IR, Raman, DSC, DMA, TGA, XRD, GPC, Fluoroscopy, \r\n5.\tInteraction of Radiation with Mater, Nuclear Safety and Security, NDT(RT),\r\n6.\tRadiation Detectors, Calibration (SSDL),\r\n7.\tCompleted IAEA e-learning Courses:\r\nNuclear Security (15 Modules),\r\nNuclear Safety:\r\nTSA 2: Regulatory Protection in Occupational Exposure,\r\nTips & Tricks: Radiation Protection in Radiography,\r\nSafety and Quality in Radiotherapy,\r\nCourse on Sealed Radioactive Sources,\r\nCourse on Fundamentals of Environmental Remediation,\r\nCourse on Planning for Environmental Remediation,\r\nKnowledge Management Orientation Course,\r\nFood Irradiation - Technology, Applications and Good Practices,\r\nEmployment:\r\nFrom 2010 to now: Academic staff, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Kargar Shomali, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box: 14395-836.\r\nFrom 1997 to 2006: Expert of Materials Analysis and Characterization. Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine. Rajaeeshahr, Karaj, Iran, P. O. Box: 31585-498.",institutionString:"Atomic Energy Organization of Iran",institution:{name:"Atomic Energy Organization of Iran",country:{name:"Iran"}}},{id:"248279",title:"Dr.",name:"Monika",middleName:"Elzbieta",surname:"Machoy",slug:"monika-machoy",fullName:"Monika Machoy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/248279/images/system/248279.jpeg",biography:"Monika Elżbieta Machoy, MD, graduated with distinction from the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry at the Pomeranian Medical University in 2009, defended her PhD thesis with summa cum laude in 2016 and is currently employed as a researcher at the Department of Orthodontics of the Pomeranian Medical University. She expanded her professional knowledge during a one-year scholarship program at the Ernst Moritz Arndt University in Greifswald, Germany and during a three-year internship at the Technical University in Dresden, Germany. She has been a speaker at numerous orthodontic conferences, among others, American Association of Orthodontics, European Orthodontic Symposium and numerous conferences of the Polish Orthodontic Society. She conducts research focusing on the effect of orthodontic treatment on dental and periodontal tissues and the causes of pain in orthodontic patients.",institutionString:"Pomeranian Medical University",institution:{name:"Pomeranian Medical University",country:{name:"Poland"}}},{id:"252743",title:"Prof.",name:"Aswini",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Kar",slug:"aswini-kar",fullName:"Aswini Kar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/252743/images/10381_n.jpg",biography:"uploaded in cv",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"KIIT University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"204256",title:"Dr.",name:"Anil",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Kumar Sahu",slug:"anil-kumar-sahu",fullName:"Anil Kumar Sahu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/204256/images/14201_n.jpg",biography:"I have nearly 11 years of research and teaching experience. I have done my master degree from University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India. I have published 16 review and research articles in international and national journals and published 4 chapters in IntechOpen, the world’s leading publisher of Open access books. I have presented many papers at national and international conferences. I have received research award from Indian Drug Manufacturers Association in year 2015. My research interest extends from novel lymphatic drug delivery systems, oral delivery system for herbal bioactive to formulation optimization.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"253468",title:"Dr.",name:"Mariusz",middleName:null,surname:"Marzec",slug:"mariusz-marzec",fullName:"Mariusz Marzec",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/253468/images/system/253468.png",biography:"An assistant professor at Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, at Institute of Computer Science, Silesian University in Katowice. Scientific interests: computer analysis and processing of images, biomedical images, databases and programming languages. He is an author and co-author of scientific publications covering analysis and processing of biomedical images and development of database systems.",institutionString:"University of Silesia",institution:null},{id:"212432",title:"Prof.",name:"Hadi",middleName:null,surname:"Mohammadi",slug:"hadi-mohammadi",fullName:"Hadi Mohammadi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/212432/images/system/212432.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Hadi Mohammadi is a biomedical engineer with hands-on experience in the design and development of many engineering structures and medical devices through various projects that he has been involved in over the past twenty years. Dr. Mohammadi received his BSc. and MSc. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, and his PhD. degree in Biomedical Engineering (biomaterials) from the University of Western Ontario. He was a postdoctoral trainee for almost four years at University of Calgary and Harvard Medical School. He is an industry innovator having created the technology to produce lifelike synthetic platforms that can be used for the simulation of almost all cardiovascular reconstructive surgeries. He’s been heavily involved in the design and development of cardiovascular devices and technology for the past 10 years. He is currently an Assistant Professor with the University of British Colombia, Canada.",institutionString:"University of British Columbia",institution:{name:"University of British Columbia",country:{name:"Canada"}}},{id:"254463",title:"Prof.",name:"Haisheng",middleName:null,surname:"Yang",slug:"haisheng-yang",fullName:"Haisheng Yang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/254463/images/system/254463.jpeg",biography:"Haisheng Yang, Ph.D., Professor and Director of the Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology. He received his Ph.D. degree in Mechanics/Biomechanics from Harbin Institute of Technology (jointly with University of California, Berkeley). Afterwards, he worked as a Postdoctoral Research Associate in the Purdue Musculoskeletal Biology and Mechanics Lab at the Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, USA. He also conducted research in the Research Centre of Shriners Hospitals for Children-Canada at McGill University, Canada. Dr. Yang has over 10 years research experience in orthopaedic biomechanics and mechanobiology of bone adaptation and regeneration. He earned an award from Beijing Overseas Talents Aggregation program in 2017 and serves as Beijing Distinguished Professor.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Beijing University of Technology",country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"89721",title:"Dr.",name:"Mehmet",middleName:"Cuneyt",surname:"Ozmen",slug:"mehmet-ozmen",fullName:"Mehmet Ozmen",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/89721/images/7289_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Gazi University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"242893",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Joaquim",middleName:null,surname:"De Moura",slug:"joaquim-de-moura",fullName:"Joaquim De Moura",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/242893/images/7133_n.jpg",biography:"Joaquim de Moura received his degree in Computer Engineering in 2014 from the University of A Coruña (Spain). In 2016, he received his M.Sc degree in Computer Engineering from the same university. He is currently pursuing his Ph.D degree in Computer Science in a collaborative project between ophthalmology centers in Galicia and the University of A Coruña. His research interests include computer vision, machine learning algorithms and analysis and medical imaging processing of various kinds.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of A Coruña",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"294334",title:"B.Sc.",name:"Marc",middleName:null,surname:"Bruggeman",slug:"marc-bruggeman",fullName:"Marc Bruggeman",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/294334/images/8242_n.jpg",biography:"Chemical engineer graduate, with a passion for material science and specific interest in polymers - their near infinite applications intrigue me. \n\nI plan to continue my scientific career in the field of polymeric biomaterials as I am fascinated by intelligent, bioactive and biomimetic materials for use in both consumer and medical applications.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"255757",title:"Dr.",name:"Igor",middleName:"Victorovich",surname:"Lakhno",slug:"igor-lakhno",fullName:"Igor Lakhno",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/255757/images/system/255757.jpg",biography:"Igor Victorovich Lakhno was born in 1971 in Kharkiv (Ukraine). \nMD – 1994, Kharkiv National Medical Univesity.\nOb&Gyn; – 1997, master courses in Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education.\nPh.D. – 1999, Kharkiv National Medical Univesity.\nDSC – 2019, PL Shupik National Academy of Postgraduate Education \nProfessor – 2021, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of VN Karazin Kharkiv National University\nHead of Department – 2021, Department of Perinatology, Obstetrics and gynecology of Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education\nIgor Lakhno has been graduated from international training courses on reproductive medicine and family planning held at Debrecen University (Hungary) in 1997. Since 1998 Lakhno Igor has worked as an associate professor in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of VN Karazin National University and an associate professor of the perinatology, obstetrics, and gynecology department of Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education. Since June 2019 he’s been a professor in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of VN Karazin National University and a professor of the perinatology, obstetrics, and gynecology department. He’s affiliated with Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education as a Head of Department from November 2021. Igor Lakhno has participated in several international projects on fetal non-invasive electrocardiography (with Dr. J. A. Behar (Technion), Prof. D. Hoyer (Jena University), and José Alejandro Díaz Méndez (National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics, and Electronics, Mexico). He’s an author of about 200 printed works and there are 31 of them in Scopus or Web of Science databases. Igor Lakhno is a member of the Editorial Board of Reproductive Health of Woman, Emergency Medicine, and Technology Transfer Innovative Solutions in Medicine (Estonia). He is a medical Editor of “Z turbotoyu pro zhinku”. Igor Lakhno is a reviewer of the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Taylor and Francis), British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Wiley), Informatics in Medicine Unlocked (Elsevier), The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research (Wiley), Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets (Bentham Open), The Open Biomedical Engineering Journal (Bentham Open), etc. He’s defended a dissertation for a DSc degree “Pre-eclampsia: prediction, prevention, and treatment”. Three years ago Igor Lakhno has participated in a training course on innovative technologies in medical education at Lublin Medical University (Poland). Lakhno Igor has participated as a speaker in several international conferences and congresses (International Conference on Biological Oscillations April 10th-14th 2016, Lancaster, UK, The 9th conference of the European Study Group on Cardiovascular Oscillations). His main scientific interests: are obstetrics, women’s health, fetal medicine, and cardiovascular medicine. \nIgor Lakhno is a consultant at Kharkiv municipal perinatal center. He’s graduated from training courses on endoscopy in gynecology. He has 28 years of practical experience in the field.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"244950",title:"Dr.",name:"Salvatore",middleName:null,surname:"Di Lauro",slug:"salvatore-di-lauro",fullName:"Salvatore Di Lauro",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://intech-files.s3.amazonaws.com/0030O00002bSF1HQAW/ProfilePicture%202021-12-20%2014%3A54%3A14.482",biography:"Name:\n\tSALVATORE DI LAURO\nAddress:\n\tHospital Clínico Universitario Valladolid\nAvda Ramón y Cajal 3\n47005, Valladolid\nSpain\nPhone number: \nFax\nE-mail:\n\t+34 983420000 ext 292\n+34 983420084\nsadilauro@live.it\nDate and place of Birth:\nID Number\nMedical Licence \nLanguages\t09-05-1985. Villaricca (Italy)\n\nY1281863H\n474707061\nItalian (native language)\nSpanish (read, written, spoken)\nEnglish (read, written, spoken)\nPortuguese (read, spoken)\nFrench (read)\n\t\t\nCurrent position (title and company)\tDate (Year)\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid. Sacyl. National Health System.\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Instituto Oftalmologico Recoletas. Red Hospitalaria Recoletas. Private practise.\t2017-today\n\n2019-today\n\t\n\t\nEducation (High school, university and postgraduate training > 3 months)\tDate (Year)\nDegree in Medicine and Surgery. University of Neaples 'Federico II”\nResident in Opthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid\nMaster in Vitreo-Retina. IOBA. University of Valladolid\nFellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology. Paris\nMaster in Research in Ophthalmology. University of Valladolid\t2003-2009\n2012-2016\n2016-2017\n2016\n2012-2013\n\t\nEmployments (company and positions)\tDate (Year)\nResident in Ophthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid. Sacyl.\nFellow in Vitreo-Retina. IOBA. University of Valladolid\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid. Sacyl. National Health System.\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Instituto Oftalmologico Recoletas. Red Hospitalaria Recoletas. \n\t2012-2016\n2016-2017\n2017-today\n\n2019-Today\n\n\n\t\nClinical Research Experience (tasks and role)\tDate (Year)\nAssociated investigator\n\n' FIS PI20/00740: DESARROLLO DE UNA CALCULADORA DE RIESGO DE\nAPARICION DE RETINOPATIA DIABETICA BASADA EN TECNICAS DE IMAGEN MULTIMODAL EN PACIENTES DIABETICOS TIPO 1. Grant by: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion \n\n' (BIO/VA23/14) Estudio clínico multicéntrico y prospectivo para validar dos\nbiomarcadores ubicados en los genes p53 y MDM2 en la predicción de los resultados funcionales de la cirugía del desprendimiento de retina regmatógeno. Grant by: Gerencia Regional de Salud de la Junta de Castilla y León.\n' Estudio multicéntrico, aleatorizado, con enmascaramiento doble, en 2 grupos\nparalelos y de 52 semanas de duración para comparar la eficacia, seguridad e inmunogenicidad de SOK583A1 respecto a Eylea® en pacientes con degeneración macular neovascular asociada a la edad' (CSOK583A12301; N.EUDRA: 2019-004838-41; FASE III). Grant by Hexal AG\n\n' Estudio de fase III, aleatorizado, doble ciego, con grupos paralelos, multicéntrico para comparar la eficacia y la seguridad de QL1205 frente a Lucentis® en pacientes con degeneración macular neovascular asociada a la edad. (EUDRACT: 2018-004486-13). Grant by Qilu Pharmaceutical Co\n\n' Estudio NEUTON: Ensayo clinico en fase IV para evaluar la eficacia de aflibercept en pacientes Naive con Edema MacUlar secundario a Oclusion de Vena CenTral de la Retina (OVCR) en regimen de tratamientO iNdividualizado Treat and Extend (TAE)”, (2014-000975-21). Grant by Fundacion Retinaplus\n\n' Evaluación de la seguridad y bioactividad de anillos de tensión capsular en conejo. Proyecto Procusens. Grant by AJL, S.A.\n\n'Estudio epidemiológico, prospectivo, multicéntrico y abierto\\npara valorar la frecuencia de la conjuntivitis adenovírica diagnosticada mediante el test AdenoPlus®\\nTest en pacientes enfermos de conjuntivitis aguda”\\n. National, multicenter study. Grant by: NICOX.\n\nEuropean multicentric trial: 'Evaluation of clinical outcomes following the use of Systane Hydration in patients with dry eye”. Study Phase 4. Grant by: Alcon Labs'\n\nVLPs Injection and Activation in a Rabbit Model of Uveal Melanoma. Grant by Aura Bioscience\n\nUpdating and characterization of a rabbit model of uveal melanoma. Grant by Aura Bioscience\n\nEnsayo clínico en fase IV para evaluar las variantes genéticas de la vía del VEGF como biomarcadores de eficacia del tratamiento con aflibercept en pacientes con degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE) neovascular. Estudio BIOIMAGE. IMO-AFLI-2013-01\n\nEstudio In-Eye:Ensayo clínico en fase IV, abierto, aleatorizado, de 2 brazos,\nmulticçentrico y de 12 meses de duración, para evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de un régimen de PRN flexible individualizado de 'esperar y extender' versus un régimen PRN según criterios de estabilización mediante evaluaciones mensuales de inyecciones intravítreas de ranibizumab 0,5 mg en pacientes naive con neovascularización coriodea secunaria a la degeneración macular relacionada con la edad. CP: CRFB002AES03T\n\nTREND: Estudio Fase IIIb multicéntrico, randomizado, de 12 meses de\nseguimiento con evaluador de la agudeza visual enmascarado, para evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de ranibizumab 0.5mg en un régimen de tratar y extender comparado con un régimen mensual, en pacientes con degeneración macular neovascular asociada a la edad. CP: CRFB002A2411 Código Eudra CT:\n2013-002626-23\n\n\n\nPublications\t\n\n2021\n\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n\n\n2021\n\n\n\n\n\n2021\n\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n2014\n\n\n\n\n2015-16\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n2014\n\n\n2014\n\n\n\n\n2014\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2014\n\nJose Carlos Pastor; Jimena Rojas; Salvador Pastor-Idoate; Salvatore Di Lauro; Lucia Gonzalez-Buendia; Santiago Delgado-Tirado. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: A new concept of disease pathogenesis and practical\nconsequences. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 51, pp. 125 - 155. 03/2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.07.005\n\n\nLabrador-Velandia S; Alonso-Alonso ML; Di Lauro S; García-Gutierrez MT; Srivastava GK; Pastor JC; Fernandez-Bueno I. Mesenchymal stem cells provide paracrine neuroprotective resources that delay degeneration of co-cultured organotypic neuroretinal cultures.Experimental Eye Research. 185, 17/05/2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.05.011\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro; Maria Teresa Garcia Gutierrez; Ivan Fernandez Bueno. Quantification of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in an ex vivo coculture of retinal pigment epithelium cells and neuroretina.\nJournal of Allbiosolution. 2019. ISSN 2605-3535\n\nSonia Labrador Velandia; Salvatore Di Lauro; Alonso-Alonso ML; Tabera Bartolomé S; Srivastava GK; Pastor JC; Fernandez-Bueno I. Biocompatibility of intravitreal injection of human mesenchymal stem cells in immunocompetent rabbits. Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology. 256 - 1, pp. 125 - 134. 01/2018. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3842-3\n\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro, David Rodriguez-Crespo, Manuel J Gayoso, Maria T Garcia-Gutierrez, J Carlos Pastor, Girish K Srivastava, Ivan Fernandez-Bueno. A novel coculture model of porcine central neuroretina explants and retinal pigment epithelium cells. Molecular Vision. 2016 - 22, pp. 243 - 253. 01/2016.\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro. Classifications for Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy ({PVR}): An Analysis of Their Use in Publications over the Last 15 Years. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2016, pp. 1 - 6. 01/2016. DOI: 10.1155/2016/7807596\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro; Rosa Maria Coco; Rosa Maria Sanabria; Enrique Rodriguez de la Rua; Jose Carlos Pastor. Loss of Visual Acuity after Successful Surgery for Macula-On Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in a Prospective Multicentre Study. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2015:821864, 2015. DOI: 10.1155/2015/821864\n\nIvan Fernandez-Bueno; Salvatore Di Lauro; Ivan Alvarez; Jose Carlos Lopez; Maria Teresa Garcia-Gutierrez; Itziar Fernandez; Eva Larra; Jose Carlos Pastor. Safety and Biocompatibility of a New High-Density Polyethylene-Based\nSpherical Integrated Porous Orbital Implant: An Experimental Study in Rabbits. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2015:904096, 2015. DOI: 10.1155/2015/904096\n\nPastor JC; Pastor-Idoate S; Rodríguez-Hernandez I; Rojas J; Fernandez I; Gonzalez-Buendia L; Di Lauro S; Gonzalez-Sarmiento R. Genetics of PVR and RD. Ophthalmologica. 232 - Suppl 1, pp. 28 - 29. 2014\n\nRodriguez-Crespo D; Di Lauro S; Singh AK; Garcia-Gutierrez MT; Garrosa M; Pastor JC; Fernandez-Bueno I; Srivastava GK. Triple-layered mixed co-culture model of RPE cells with neuroretina for evaluating the neuroprotective effects of adipose-MSCs. Cell Tissue Res. 358 - 3, pp. 705 - 716. 2014.\nDOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1987-5\n\nCarlo De Werra; Salvatore Condurro; Salvatore Tramontano; Mario Perone; Ivana Donzelli; Salvatore Di Lauro; Massimo Di Giuseppe; Rosa Di Micco; Annalisa Pascariello; Antonio Pastore; Giorgio Diamantis; Giuseppe Galloro. Hydatid disease of the liver: thirty years of surgical experience.Chirurgia italiana. 59 - 5, pp. 611 - 636.\n(Italia): 2007. ISSN 0009-4773\n\nChapters in books\n\t\n' Salvador Pastor Idoate; Salvatore Di Lauro; Jose Carlos Pastor Jimeno. PVR: Pathogenesis, Histopathology and Classification. Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy with Small Gauge Vitrectomy. Springer, 2018. ISBN 978-3-319-78445-8\nDOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78446-5_2. \n\n' Salvatore Di Lauro; Maria Isabel Lopez Galvez. Quistes vítreos en una mujer joven. Problemas diagnósticos en patología retinocoroidea. Sociedad Española de Retina-Vitreo. 2018.\n\n' Salvatore Di Lauro; Salvador Pastor Idoate; Jose Carlos Pastor Jimeno. iOCT in PVR management. OCT Applications in Opthalmology. pp. 1 - 8. INTECH, 2018. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.78774.\n\n' Rosa Coco Martin; Salvatore Di Lauro; Salvador Pastor Idoate; Jose Carlos Pastor. amponadores, manipuladores y tinciones en la cirugía del traumatismo ocular.Trauma Ocular. Ponencia de la SEO 2018..\n\n' LOPEZ GALVEZ; DI LAURO; CRESPO. OCT angiografia y complicaciones retinianas de la diabetes. PONENCIA SEO 2021, CAPITULO 20. (España): 2021.\n\n' Múltiples desprendimientos neurosensoriales bilaterales en paciente joven. Enfermedades Degenerativas De Retina Y Coroides. SERV 04/2016. \n' González-Buendía L; Di Lauro S; Pastor-Idoate S; Pastor Jimeno JC. Vitreorretinopatía proliferante (VRP) e inflamación: LA INFLAMACIÓN in «INMUNOMODULADORES Y ANTIINFLAMATORIOS: MÁS ALLÁ DE LOS CORTICOIDES. 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Dr. Şentürk currently works as an professor of Biochemistry in the Department of Basic Pharmacy Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ağri Ibrahim Cecen University, Turkey. \nDr. Şentürk published over 120 scientific papers, reviews, and book chapters and presented several conferences to scientists. \nHis research interests span enzyme inhibitor or activator, protein expression, purification and characterization, drug design and synthesis, toxicology, and pharmacology. \nHis research work has focused on neurodegenerative diseases and cancer treatment. 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He then worked as an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Science of the same University until 1984. In 1985, Prof. Iadarola became Associate Professor at the Department of Biology and Biotechnologies of the University of Pavia and retired in October 2017. Since then, he has been working as an Adjunct Professor in the same Department at the University of Pavia. His research activity during the first years was primarily focused on the purification and structural characterization of enzymes from animal and plant sources. During this period, Prof. Iadarola familiarized himself with the conventional techniques used in column chromatography, spectrophotometry, manual Edman degradation, and electrophoresis). Since 1995, he has been working on: i) the determination in biological fluids (serum, urine, bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum) of proteolytic activities involved in the degradation processes of connective tissue matrix, and ii) on the identification of biological markers of lung diseases. In this context, he has developed and validated new methodologies (e.g., Capillary Electrophoresis coupled to Laser-Induced Fluorescence, CE-LIF) whose application enabled him to determine both the amounts of biochemical markers (Desmosines) in urine/serum of patients affected by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and the activity of proteolytic enzymes (Human Neutrophil Elastase, Cathepsin G, Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase) in sputa of these patients. More recently, Prof. Iadarola was involved in developing techniques such as two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (2DE-LC/MS) for the proteomic analysis of biological fluids aimed at the identification of potential biomarkers of different lung diseases. He is the author of about 150 publications (According to Scopus: H-Index: 23; Total citations: 1568- According to WOS: H-Index: 20; Total Citations: 1296) of peer-reviewed international journals. He is a Consultant Reviewer for several journals, including the Journal of Chromatography A, Journal of Chromatography B, Plos ONE, Proteomes, International Journal of Molecular Science, Biotech, Electrophoresis, and others. 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She gained considerable experience in developing and validating new methodologies whose applications allowed her to determine both the amount of biomarkers (Desmosine and Isodesmosine) in the urine of patients affected by COPD, and the activity of proteolytic enzymes (HNE, Cathepsin G, Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase) in the sputa of these patients. Simona Viglio was also involved in research dealing with the supplementation of amino acids in patients with brain injury and chronic heart failure. She is presently engaged in the development of 2-DE and LC-MS techniques for the study of proteomics in biological fluids. The aim of this research is the identification of potential biomarkers of lung diseases. She is an author of about 90 publications (According to Scopus: H-Index: 23; According to WOS: H-Index: 20) on peer-reviewed journals, a member of the “Società Italiana di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare,“ and a Consultant Reviewer for International Journal of Molecular Science, Journal of Chromatography A, COPD, Plos ONE and Nutritional Neuroscience.",institutionString:null,position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"University of Pavia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},editorThree:null,series:{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry"}}},seriesLanding:{item:{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",issn:"2632-0983",scope:"Biochemistry, the study of chemical transformations occurring within living organisms, impacts all areas of life sciences, from molecular crystallography and genetics to ecology, medicine, and population biology. Biochemistry examines macromolecules - proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids – and their building blocks, structures, functions, and interactions. Much of biochemistry is devoted to enzymes, proteins that catalyze chemical reactions, enzyme structures, mechanisms of action and their roles within cells. Biochemistry also studies small signaling molecules, coenzymes, inhibitors, vitamins, and hormones, which play roles in life processes. Biochemical experimentation, besides coopting classical chemistry methods, e.g., chromatography, adopted new techniques, e.g., X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, NMR, radioisotopes, and developed sophisticated microbial genetic tools, e.g., auxotroph mutants and their revertants, fermentation, etc. More recently, biochemistry embraced the ‘big data’ omics systems. Initial biochemical studies have been exclusively analytic: dissecting, purifying, and examining individual components of a biological system; in the apt words of Efraim Racker (1913 –1991), “Don’t waste clean thinking on dirty enzymes.” Today, however, biochemistry is becoming more agglomerative and comprehensive, setting out to integrate and describe entirely particular biological systems. The ‘big data’ metabolomics can define the complement of small molecules, e.g., in a soil or biofilm sample; proteomics can distinguish all the comprising proteins, e.g., serum; metagenomics can identify all the genes in a complex environment, e.g., the bovine rumen. This Biochemistry Series will address the current research on biomolecules and the emerging trends with great promise.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/11.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"June 29th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfPublishedChapters:318,numberOfPublishedBooks:32,editor:{id:"31610",title:"Dr.",name:"Miroslav",middleName:null,surname:"Blumenberg",fullName:"Miroslav Blumenberg",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/31610/images/system/31610.jpg",biography:"Miroslav Blumenberg, Ph.D., was born in Subotica and received his BSc in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. He completed his Ph.D. at MIT in Organic Chemistry; he followed up his Ph.D. with two postdoctoral study periods at Stanford University. Since 1983, he has been a faculty member of the RO Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU School of Medicine, where he is codirector of a training grant in cutaneous biology. Dr. Blumenberg’s research is focused on the epidermis, expression of keratin genes, transcription profiling, keratinocyte differentiation, inflammatory diseases and cancers, and most recently the effects of the microbiome on the skin. He has published more than 100 peer-reviewed research articles and graduated numerous Ph.D. and postdoctoral students.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"New York University Langone Medical Center",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},subseries:[{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology",keywords:"Omics (Transcriptomics; Proteomics; Metabolomics), Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, Signal Transduction and Regulation, Cell Growth and Differentiation, Apoptosis, Necroptosis, Ferroptosis, Autophagy, Cell Cycle, Macromolecules and Complexes, Gene Expression",scope:"The Cell and Molecular Biology topic within the IntechOpen Biochemistry Series aims to rapidly publish contributions on all aspects of cell and molecular biology, including aspects related to biochemical and genetic research (not only in humans but all living beings). We encourage the submission of manuscripts that provide novel and mechanistic insights that report significant advances in the fields. Topics include, but are not limited to: Advanced techniques of cellular and molecular biology (Molecular methodologies, imaging techniques, and bioinformatics); Biological activities at the molecular level; Biological processes of cell functions, cell division, senescence, maintenance, and cell death; Biomolecules interactions; Cancer; Cell biology; Chemical biology; Computational biology; Cytochemistry; Developmental biology; Disease mechanisms and therapeutics; DNA, and RNA metabolism; Gene functions, genetics, and genomics; Genetics; Immunology; Medical microbiology; Molecular biology; Molecular genetics; Molecular processes of cell and organelle dynamics; Neuroscience; Protein biosynthesis, degradation, and functions; Regulation of molecular interactions in a cell; Signalling networks and system biology; Structural biology; Virology and microbiology.",annualVolume:11410,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/14.jpg",editor:{id:"165627",title:"Dr.",name:"Rosa María",middleName:null,surname:"Martínez-Espinosa",fullName:"Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/165627/images/system/165627.jpeg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Alicante",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"79367",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana Isabel",middleName:null,surname:"Flores",fullName:"Ana Isabel Flores",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRpIOQA0/Profile_Picture_1632418099564",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Hospital Universitario 12 De Octubre",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"328234",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Palavecino",fullName:"Christian Palavecino",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000030DhEhQAK/Profile_Picture_1628835318625",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Central University of Chile",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Chile"}}},{id:"186585",title:"Dr.",name:"Francisco Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Martin-Romero",fullName:"Francisco Javier Martin-Romero",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSB3HQAW/Profile_Picture_1631258137641",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Extremadura",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}}]},{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology",keywords:"Phenolic Compounds, Essential Oils, Modification of Biomolecules, Glycobiology, Combinatorial Chemistry, Therapeutic peptides, Enzyme Inhibitors",scope:"Chemical biology spans the fields of chemistry and biology involving the application of biological and chemical molecules and techniques. In recent years, the application of chemistry to biological molecules has gained significant interest in medicinal and pharmacological studies. This topic will be devoted to understanding the interplay between biomolecules and chemical compounds, their structure and function, and their potential applications in related fields. Being a part of the biochemistry discipline, the ideas and concepts that have emerged from Chemical Biology have affected other related areas. 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Behind these definitions are hidden all the aspects of normal and pathological functioning of all processes that the topic ‘Metabolism’ will cover within the Biochemistry Series. 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Thus proteomics, an area of research that detects all protein forms expressed in an organism, including splice isoforms and post-translational modifications, is more suitable than genomics for a comprehensive understanding of the biochemical processes that govern life. The most common proteomics applications are currently in the clinical field for the identification, in a variety of biological matrices, of biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of disorders. From the comparison of proteomic profiles of control and disease or different physiological states, which may emerge, changes in protein expression can provide new insights into the roles played by some proteins in human pathologies. Understanding how proteins function and interact with each other is another goal of proteomics that makes this approach even more intriguing. Specialized technology and expertise are required to assess the proteome of any biological sample. Currently, proteomics relies mainly on mass spectrometry (MS) combined with electrophoretic (1 or 2-DE-MS) and/or chromatographic techniques (LC-MS/MS). MS is an excellent tool that has gained popularity in proteomics because of its ability to gather a complex body of information such as cataloging protein expression, identifying protein modification sites, and defining protein interactions. The Proteomics topic aims to attract contributions on all aspects of MS-based proteomics that, by pushing the boundaries of MS capabilities, may address biological problems that have not been resolved yet.",annualVolume:11414,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/18.jpg",editor:{id:"200689",title:"Prof.",name:"Paolo",middleName:null,surname:"Iadarola",fullName:"Paolo Iadarola",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSCl8QAG/Profile_Picture_1623568118342",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Pavia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},editorTwo:{id:"201414",title:"Dr.",name:"Simona",middleName:null,surname:"Viglio",fullName:"Simona Viglio",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRKDHQA4/Profile_Picture_1630402531487",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Pavia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"72288",title:"Dr.",name:"Arli Aditya",middleName:null,surname:"Parikesit",fullName:"Arli Aditya Parikesit",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/72288/images/system/72288.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Indonesia"}}},{id:"40928",title:"Dr.",name:"Cesar",middleName:null,surname:"Lopez-Camarillo",fullName:"Cesar Lopez-Camarillo",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/40928/images/3884_n.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"81926",title:"Dr.",name:"Shymaa",middleName:null,surname:"Enany",fullName:"Shymaa Enany",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/81926/images/system/81926.png",institutionString:"Suez Canal University",institution:{name:"Suez Canal University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}]}]}},libraryRecommendation:{success:null,errors:{},institutions:[]},route:{name:"profile.detail",path:"/profiles/156141",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"156141"},fullPath:"/profiles/156141",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()