Chapters authored
Graphite-Composites Alternatives for Electrochemical Biosensor
Part of the book: Metal, Ceramic and Polymeric Composites for Various Uses
Development of an Ethanol Biosensor Based on Silver Nanoparticles/Polyaniline/Graphite/Epoxy Composite for Friendly Analytical Application
Electrochemical biosensors for measuring ethanol were developed in this study. Silver nanoparticles were incorporated to increase sensibility. Firstly, the transducer element was prepared with silver nanoparticles/polyaniline/graphite/epoxy composite (AgNPs/PANI/GEC) where the enzymes alcohol oxidase (AOD) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were immobilized by adsorption. The composition of the immobilized solution was indicated by an experimental design (85% of the bi-enzymatic solution, 10% of albumin and 5% of glutaraldehyde). The immobilization method adopted in this study showed to be highly reproducible. The values of variance and standard deviation were low (0.003 and 0.053, respectively—means of three electrodes). The linear range was 0–30 g/L (R2 = 0.983) and the sensitivity 0.004 mA L/g. A second biosensor was made with a transducer prepared with AgNPs/PANI/GEC. A chitosan film was applied over the adsorbed enzymatic solution to avoid desorption of the immobilized enzymes. The AgNPs/PANI/GEC electrodes were characterized using cycle voltammetry and the composite surface by scanning electron microscopy. The calibration for ethanol samples with this second composite fitted in a range of 0.0–0.35 g/L (R2 = 0.984). Square rate voltammetry was the electrochemical analytical method used to obtain the amperometric calibration curves.
Part of the book: Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring