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[C17H22N2]3[P6O18][H2O]8., a new organic cyclohexaphosphate, was synthesized as single crystals and grown by solution growth method. The crystal structure of the grown product was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The title material crystallized in the monoclinic system of the C2/c space group. The P6O186− ring anions and some water molecules form layers spreading around (b, c) planes via O-H…O hydrogen bonds. Between these inorganic layers are anchored organic cations, which establish H-bonds to interconnect the different adjacent layers and so contribute to the cohesion of the three dimensional lattice. The organic and inorganic rings adopt a chair conformation with different geometrical characteristics due to their different size and flexibility. The title compound was further characterized by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy.
Laboratory of Useful Materials, National Institute of Research and Pysico-Chemical Analysis (INRAP), Technopark of Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisie
*Address all correspondence to: lkhedhiri.loulou@yahoo.com
1. Introduction
Since the preparation and identification of Li6P6O18.6H2O [1], this salt was used as starting reagent to prepare other cyclohexaphosphates. These latters were of great interest in academic and industrial areas over recent years owing to their diversities [2, 3]. Among these compounds, organic cyclohexaphosphates are particularly interesting. Both H-bonds and the organic units are responsible in the organization of such materials as to build inorganic lattices with different features: ribbons [4], two-dimensional lattices [5, 6, 7], and three-dimensional lattices [8, 9]. To study the effect on the chemical and structural geometries, we report and discuss in the present work the results of a structural investigation concerning a new organic-cation cyclohexaphosphate [C17H22N2]3[P6O18][H2O]8. This latter was also characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy.
The selected organic molecule, 1-(diphenylmethyl)piperazine, is a biogenic diamine, which plays an important role as a deprotonated cation in biological systems [10, 11].
Based in previous work, the LiH2PO4 [12] and Li6P6O18.6H2O [13] salts were synthesized first. Then, the title compound was prepared by adding cyclohexaphosphoric acid dropwise, produced from Li6P6O18.6H2O through a cation-exchange resin (Amberlite IR 120) into an ethalonic solution of 1-(diphenylmethyl)piperazine. The obtained solution was stirred for few minutes and allowed to a slow solvent evaporation at room temperature until stable crystals of [C17H22N2]3[P6O18][H2O]8 with suitable dimensions were obtained.
Crystal data and details of structure refinement are summarized in Table 1. Molecular graphics were performed employing Diamond [14]. The chemical composition of [C17H22N2]3[P6O18][H2O]8 includes three entities, one phosphoric ring, eight water molecules and three crystallographically distinct organic cations. An ORTEP view of the geometrical configuration of these entities is depicted in Figure 1, while Figure 2 exhibits the complete atomic arrangement. The packing of the title compound consists of hybrid layers where the organic and inorganic species are alternated. Theses layers, extended perpendicularly to the b-axis, are also connected by H-bonds in the two other directions assuring the cohesion of the lattice.
Empirical formula
C51H82N6O26P6
Formula weight [g mol−1]
1381.04
Crystal color, habit
colorless, rod
Crystal temperature [K]
295
Crystal size [mm3]
0.15 × 0.23 × 0.49
Radiation, wavelength [Å]
Mo Kα, λ = 0.71073
Crystal system
Monoclinic
Space group
C2/c
Unit-cell dimensions:
a, b, c [Å]
36.0432(10), 12.9785(4), 34.1510(9)
β [°]
118.7840(8)
Volume [Å3]
14001.5(7)
Z
8
Density calc. [g cm−3]
1.310
Reflections for cell determination
26,969
θ range for cell determination [°]
2 to 27
Absorption coefficient μ [mm−1]
0.232
F(000)
5824
θ-Range for data collection [°]
1.289 to 26.999
Limiting indices
−45 ≤ h ≤ 46, −16 ≤ k ≤ 15, −43 ≤ l ≤ 43
Reflections collected/unique
26,969, 10,651 (Rint = 0.033)
Refinement method
Full-matrix least-squares on F2
Data, restrains, parameters (I > 2 σ)
15,155, 24, 851
Goodness-of-fit on F2
1.094
R indices (all data, on F2)
R = 0.0663, Rw = 0.2133
Table 1.
The crystal data and experimental parameters used for the intensity data collection. Procedure and final results of the structure determination.
Figure 1.
ORTEP Plot of phosphoric ring and independent organic cations of [C17H22N2]3[P6O18][H2O]8 with numbering scheme. Thermal ellipsoids are drawn at 40% of probability. The water molecules are omitted for figure clarity.
Figure 2.
Projection of the structure of [C17H22N2]3[P6O18][H2O]8, along the b axis, The phosphoric anions are given in tetrahedral representation. Hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines.
A chair conformation for the P6O18 ring anion was adopted (Figure 3-a). This phosphoric ring includes six independent PO4 tetrahedra. The values of the P∙O∙P, O∙P∙O angles and the P∙O and O∙O distances, are listed in Table 2. The P∙O bond lengths vary between 1.457 and 1.612 Å with an average value of 1.534 Å. The variation of the environment around the oxygen atoms can explains this divergence. Despite this diversity in P∙O distances, each tetrahedron in the P6O18 anion can be represented by typical O atoms arrangement with phosphorus atom moved of 0.117, 0.134, 0.138, 0.134, 0.147, 0.147 Å from the centre (Table 3, Figure 3-a). In addition, the distortion indices (DI) [15]: DI(PO) = 0.039, DI(OPO) = 0.038 and DI(OO) = 0.014 show an above distortion of the O-O bond lengths compared to P-O and O-P-O ones as illustrated in Table 3.
Figure 3.
Chair conformation of the inorganic and organic rings.
P(1)O4 tetrahedron
P1
O1
O6
O7
O8
O1
1.596(2)
103.49(16)
106.27(13)
108.74(15)
O6
2.491(0)
1.576(3)
111.97(15)
106.60(15)
O7
2.458(0)
2.530(0)
1.475(2)
118.70(15)
O8
2.501(0)
2.451(0)
2.541(0)
1.479(2)
P(2)O4 tetrahedron
P2
O1
O2
O9
O10
O1
1.599(2)
100.68(15)
111.09(14)
108.85(17)
O2
2.454(1)
1.589(2)
105.57(14)
110.48(17)
O9
2.541(1)
2.445(1)
1.481(2)
118.64(18)
O10
2.495(1)
2.511(1)
2.535(1)
1.467(3)
P(3)O4 tetrahedron
P3
O2
O3
O11
O12
O2
1.604(2)
100.96(16)
110.90(15)
106.44(16)
O3
2.470(0)
1.597(3)
107.62(15)
109.90(18)
O11
2.539(0)
2.481(0)
1.476(3)
119.46(17)
O12
2.465(0)
2.513(0)
2.546(0)
1.471(3)
P(4)O4 tetrahedron
P4
O3
O4
O13
O14
O3
1.601(3)
102.1(2)
106.09(17)
110.70(16)
O4
2.472(0)
1.579(3)
111.23(19)
104.78(17)
O13
2.455(0)
2.517(0)
1.470(3)
120.52(17)
O14
2.539(0)
2.428(0)
2.565(0)
1.484(3)
P(5)O4 tetrahedron
P5
O4
O5
O15
O16
O4
1.593(3)
98.30(18)
111.44(17)
107.9(2)
O5
2.404(0)
1.586(3)
107.85(14)
110.12(18)
O15
2.536(0)
2.508(0)
1.475(2)
119.24(17)
O16
2.479(0)
2.542(0)
2.474(0)
1.473(3)
P(6)O4 tetrahedron
P6
O5
O6
O17
O18
O5
1.612(3)
110.93(16)
108.42(18)
110.93(16)
O6
2.464(0)
1.596(3)
109.45(19)
105.94(18)
O17
2.491(0)
2.494(0)
1.457(3)
119.93(19)
O18
2.551(0)
2.460(0)
2.546(0)
1.483(3)
P1-P2
2.893(2)
P1-O1-P2
129.73(3
P1-P2-P3
114.21(2)
P2-P3
2.956(2)
P2-O2-P3
135.52(3)
P2-P3-P4
103.08(2)
P3-P4
2.931(2)
P3-O3-P4
132.9(3)
P3-P4-P5
110.47(2)
P4-P5
2.954(2)
P4-O4-P5
137.24(3)
P4-P5-P6
110.01(2)
P5-P6
2.909(2)
P5-O5-P6
130.97(3)
P5-P6-P1
104.39(2)
P6-P1
2.982(2)
P6-O6-P1
140.09(3)
P6-P1-P2
103.58(2)
Table 2.
Main interatomic distances (Å) and bond angles (°) in [C17H22N2]3[P6O18][H2O]8.
Tetrahedron
P-Om
ID (P-O)
(O-P-O)m
ID (OPO)
O-Om
ID (O-O)
δ
P1(O4)
1.532
0.036
109.295
0.037
2.495
0.011
0.117
P2(O4)
1.534
0.039
109.251
0.038
2.497
0.013
0.134
P3(O4)
1.537
0.041
109.213
0.039
2.502
0.012
0.138
P4(O4)
1.534
0.037
109.236
0.045
2.496
0.017
0.134
P5(O4)
1.532
0.038
109.141
0.041
2.491
0.015
0.147
P6(O4)
1.537
0.044
110.93
0.027
2.501
0.013
0.147
Table 3.
Interatomic PO and OO distances (Å), OPO angles (°), tetrahedral distortion indexes ID(PO), ID(OPO) and ID(OO) of the cyclohexaphosphate in [C17H22N2]3[P6O18][H2O]8. The last column corresponds to the shift parameter.
The P-O-P angle values match well with those noticed in others cyclohexaphoshates [16, 17]. But the P1-O6-P6 angle of 140.09°, diverge from the value generally observed in such anions. This angle induces a longer P–P distance (2.982°). It should be signaled that these values display the greatest discrepancy measured until now. The P–P–P angles ranging from 103.08 to 114.21° which averages are 107.62°, show large deviations from the ideal value (120°). In spite of this variance, the distortion is more important if compared with that observed in [C9H14N]4[H3O]2[P6O18] [18] with the same space C2\c group in which the average of the P–P–P angle is 101.0°.
In the crystal structure there are three independent 1-(diphenylmethyl)piperazinium cations that are associated with phosphoric entities through electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds involving hydrogen atoms of NH and NH2. Each six-membered piperazinedium ring adopts a chair conformation (Figure 3-b). In all hydrogen bonds, the nitrogen atoms are donors, whereas the oxygen from the P6O186− acts as acceptor atoms (Table 4), with N…O separations ranging from 2.6354 to 2.9864 Å. The (N-C, C-C) bond lengths and bond angles (N-C-C, C-C-C) ranging from 1.346(9) to 1.528(4) Å and from 108.4(3) to 124.6(4) ° (Table 5) are comparable with those observed in other organic phosphates [19].
D—H···A
D—H
H···A
D···A
D—H···A
N(1)-H(1)…O(7)
0.98
1.70
2.6681
168
N(2)-H(2A)…O(11)
0.89
1.90
2.7200
152
N(2)-H(2B)…O(15)
0.89
1.93
2.7408
151
N(3)-H(3)…O(8)
0.98
1.68
2.6354
164
N(4)-H(4C)…O(2)
0.89
2.59
2.9864
108
N(4)-H(4C)…O(9)
0.89
1.84
2.7231
170
N(4)-H(4D)…O(14)
0.89
1.89
2.7444
161
N(5)-H(5)…O(10)
0.98
1.69
2.6560
166
N(6)-H(6A)…O(16)
0.89
1.98
2.7625
147
N(6)-H(6B)…O(1 W)
0.89
1.85
2.6998
159
C(1)-H(1B)…O(13)
0.97
2.43
3.3031
149
C(3)-H(3A)…O(1)
0.97
2.54
3.4332
153
C(4)-H(4A)…O(15)
0.97
2.58
3.2464
126
C(5)-H(5A)…O(13)
0.98
2.44
3.3306
150
C(7)-H(7)…O(7)
0.93
2.38
3.2627
158
C(13)-H(13)…O(7)
0.93
2.59
3.4217
150
C(19)-H(19A)…O(9)
0.97
2.60
3.3733
137
C(20)-H(20B) ..O(6)
0.97
2.46
3.3110
147
C(22)-H(22) ..O(10 W)
0.98
2.52
3.4419
156
C(30)-H(30) ..O(8)
0.93
2.53
3.3191
142
C(35)-H(35A) ..O(18)
0.97
2.59
3.4981
156
C(37)-H(37A) ..O(11)
0.97
2.50
3.3556
148
C(37)-H(37B) ..O(8 W)
0.97
2.56
3.1961
123
C(39)-H(39) ..O(17)
0.98
2.40
3.3125
154
Table 4.
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) in [C17H22N2]3[P6O18][H2O]8.
[C17H22N2(1)]+ group
N1 - C4
1.499(4)
C4 - N1 - C1
108.7(3)
N1 - C1
1.506(4)
C4 - N1 - C5
110.6(2)
N1 - C5
1.528(4)
C1 - N1 - C5
111.4(2)
N2 - C2
1.478(4)
C2 - N2 - C3
110.7(3)
N2 - C3
1.483(4)
N1 - C1 - C2
110.9(3)
C1 - C2
1.514(5)
N2 - C2 - C1
111.4(3)
C3 - C4
1.495(4)
N2 - C3 - C4
110.6(3)
C5 - C6
1.510(5)
C3 - C4 - N1
110.3(3)
C5 - C12
1.521(5)
C6 - C5 - C12
111.1(3)
C6 - C11
1.388(5)
C6 - C5 - N1
113.1(3)
C6 - C7
1.389(5)
C12 - C5 - N1
110.0(3)
C7 - C8
1.395(5)
C11 - C6 - C7
118.5(4)
C8 - C9
1.378(8)
C11 - C6 - C5
117.5(4)
C9 - C10
1.368(8)
C7 - C6 - C5
123.4(3)
C10 - C11
1.385(7)
C6 - C7 - C8
120.7(4)
C12 - C17
1.382(5)
C9 - C8 - C7
120.1(5)
C12 - C13
1.399(5)
C10 - C9 - C8
119.4(4)
C13 - C14
1.374(6)
C9 - C10 - C11
121.2(5)
C14 - C15
1.382(7)
C10 - C11 - C6
120.2(5)
C15 - C16
1.399(7)
C17 - C12 - C13
119.1(3)
C16 - C17
1.375(6)
C17 - C12 - C5
119.5(3)
C9 - C10 - C11
121.2(5)
C10 - C11 - C6
120.2(5)
C13 - C12 - C5
121.4(3)
C14 - C13 - C12
120.4(4)
C13 - C14 - C15
120.3(4)
C14 - C15 - C16
119.6(4)
C17 - C16 - C15
119.9(4)
C16 - C17 - C12
120.7(4)
[C17H22N2(2)]+ group
N3 - C18
1.496(4)
C18 - N3 - C21
109.3(3)
N3 - C21
1.496(4)
C18 - N3 - C22
110.3(3)
N3 - C22
1.521(4)
C21 - N3 - C22
110.8(3)
N4 - C20
1.473(5)
C20 - N4 - C19
110.6(3)
N4 - C19
1.482(5)
N3 - C18 - C19
111.1(3)
C18 - C19
1.509(5)
N4 - C19 - C18
110.3(3)
C20 - C21
1.514(5)
N4 - C20 - C21
110.0(3)
C22 - C29
1.511(5)
N3 - C21 - C20
111.9(3)
C22 - C23
1.523(5)
C29 - C22 - N3
112.3(3)
C23 - C24
1.382(5)
C29 - C22 - C23
110.4(3)
C23 - C28
1.396(5)
N3 - C22 - C23
112.9(3)
C24 - C25
1.395(6)
C24 - C23 - C28
118.4(4)
C25 - C26
1.369(6)
C24 - C23 - C22
123.2(3)
C26 - C27
1.388(7)
C28 - C23 - C22
118.2(3)
C29 - C34
1.357(6)
C23 - C24 - C25
120.0(4)
C29 - C30
1.401(6)
C26 - C25 - C24
120.6(4)
C30 - C31
1.387(6)
C25 - C26 - C27
119.4(4)
C31 - C32
1.346(9)
C28 - C27 - C26
120.3(4)
C32 - C33
1.382(10)
C27 - C28 - C23
121.3(4)
C33 - C34
1.367(8)
C34 - C29 - C30
118.2(4)
C34 - C29 - C22
119.8(4)
C30 - C29 - C22
121.8(3)
C31 - C30 - C29
119.8(5)
C32 - C31 - C30
120.1(6)
C31 - C32 - C33
120.7(5)
C34 - C33 - C32
119.1(5)
C29 - C34 - C33
122.1(6)
[C17H22N2(3)]+ group
N5 - C35
1.501(5)
C35 - N5 - C38
108.4(3)
N5 - C38
1.508(5)
C35 - N5 - C39
111.6(3)
N5 - C39
1.526(4)
C38 - N5 - C39
109.5(3)
N6 - C37
1.472(5)
C37 - N6 - C36
110.5(3)
N6 - C36
1.480(6)
C36 - C35 - N5
111.5(3)
C35 - C36
1.490(6)
N6 - C36 - C35
112.0(3)
C37 - C38
1.506(6)
N6 - C37 - C38
110.6(4)
C39 - C40
1.511(5)
C37 - C38 - N5
111.6(3)
C39 - C46
1.525(5)
C40 - C39 - C46
113.2(3)
C40 - C41
1.387(6)
C40 - C39 - N5
111.8(3)
C40 - C45
1.394(6)
C46 - C39 - N5
110.8(3)
C41 - C42
1.376(7)
C41 - C40 - C45
118.0(4)
C42 - C43
1.385(8)
C41 - C40 - C39
117.4(4)
C43 - C44
1.372(7)
C45 - C40 - C39
124.6(4)
C44 - C45
1.374(6)
C42 - C41 - C40
120.9(4)
C46 - C47
1.379(5)
C41 - C42 - C43
120.2(5)
C46 - C51
1.390(5)
C44 - C43 - C42
119.5(5)
C47 - C48
1.397(6)
C43 - C44 - C45
120.4(5)
C48 - C49
1.366(8)
C44 - C45 - C40
121.0(4)
C49 - C50
1.370(7)
C47 - C46 - C51
118.8(4)
C50 - C51
1.394(6)
C47 - C46 - C39
118.0(3)
C51 - C46 - C39
123.1(3)
C46 - C47 - C48
120.0(4)
C49 - C48 - C47
121.0(4)
C48 - C49 - C50
119.3(4)
C49 - C50 - C51
120.6(4)
C46 - C51 - C50
120.3(4)
N1 - H1
0.9800
N3 - H3
0.9800
N5 - H5
0.9800
N2 - H2A
0.8900
N4 - H4C
0.8900
N6 - H6A
0.8900
N2 - H2B
0.8900
N4 - H4D
0.8900
N6 - H6B
0.8900
H2A - N2 - H2B
108.1
H4C - N4 - H4D
108.1
H6A - N6 - H6B
108.1
Table 5.
Selected bond lengths (Å) and bond angles (°) in the organic groups of [C17H22N2]3[P6O18][H2O]8.
It must be noted that: Firstly, all water molecules are not involved in the inorganic layers which may explain their high thermal factors. Such thermal factor values were observed too in others similar structures [20, 21]. Secondly and except O(1 W) and O(2 W), the others water molecules have a static disorder, being split into two fragments with an occupancy rates of 0.5.
Along this work, a new [C17H22N2]3[P6O18][H2O]8 organic cyclohexaphosphate has been successfully synthesized and grown by solution growth method at ambient temperature. According to the X-ray structural results, the crystal structure is governed by hydrogen bonding and intermolecular interactions, resulting infinite inorganic and organic layers. This analysis indicated that the PO4 tetrahedra possessed a slightly distorted geometry. The P1-O6-P6 angle of 140.09°, depart significantly from the value generally observed in such anions and The P–P–P angles ranging from 103.08 to 114.21° which averages are 107.62°, show large deviations from the ideal value (120°). The title compound was further characterized by FT-IR NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculation.
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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Written By
Lamia Khedhiri
Submitted: 04 July 2022Reviewed: 19 September 2022Published: 26 October 2022
Open access peer-reviewed chapter
