List of hits from the EZbiocloud 16S database.
\\n\\n
Released this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\\n\\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:{caption:"Highly Cited",originalUrl:"/media/original/117"}},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'IntechOpen is proud to announce that 191 of our authors have made the Clarivate™ Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020, ranking them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nThroughout the years, the list has named a total of 261 IntechOpen authors as Highly Cited. Of those researchers, 69 have been featured on the list multiple times.
\n\n\n\nReleased this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"intechopen-supports-asapbio-s-new-initiative-publish-your-reviews-20220729",title:"IntechOpen Supports ASAPbio’s New Initiative Publish Your Reviews"},{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"3289",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Cardiac Defibrillation",title:"Cardiac Defibrillation",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:'Sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmia play a prominent role in mortality in our era. One of the biggest milestones in the therapy of ventricular arrhythmias was the invention of cardiac defibrillation. There were several important developments in the last decades, making nowadays automated external and internal defibrillators widely available. However, the rapid evolution and high differentiation of available options presents a challenge to be kept "up-to-date". With this book, we would like to review the actual guidelines and give practical advices concerning of indications in cardiomyopathy patients, possible contraindications and complications, the perioperative management including anticoagulation and antibiotics, and the programming and follow-up of defibrillator devices.',isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-51-0931-0",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-7059-4",doi:"10.5772/45990",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"cardiac-defibrillation",numberOfPages:188,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:null,isInBkci:!1,hash:"37b5f2758b30dc35fb41750fa68d2725",bookSignature:"Damir Erkapic, Tamas Bauernfeind",publishedDate:"January 9th 2013",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3289.jpg",numberOfDownloads:23774,numberOfWosCitations:3,numberOfCrossrefCitations:5,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:11,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:0,hasAltmetrics:0,numberOfTotalCitations:19,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"April 17th 2012",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"May 8th 2012",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"August 4th 2012",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"September 3rd 2012",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"October 3rd 2012",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"156236",title:"Dr.",name:"Damir",middleName:null,surname:"Erkapic",slug:"damir-erkapic",fullName:"Damir Erkapic",profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:"Dr. Erkapic finished medicine study at J.W. Goethe University of Medicine in Frankfurt/Main, approbation in 2006, at J. Gutenberg University of Medicine in Mainz, specialty in internal medicine, cardiology and electrophysiology at Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center in Bad Nauheim, J.W. Goethe University of Medicine in Frankfurt/Main and J. Liebig University of Medicine in Gießen (all in Germany). Currently Dr. Erkapic is Cardiologist/Electrophysiologist at the University Clinic of Gießen and Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center. Fellow of the German Heartrhythm Fellowship (2008-2010). He is member of the German Society of Cardiology (DGK), European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). He is author and co-author of 2 books and several international publications in refereed journals and conferences.",institutionString:null,position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Kerckhoff Klinik",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Germany"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:{id:"158390",title:"Dr.",name:"Tamas",middleName:null,surname:"Bauernfeind",slug:"tamas-bauernfeind",fullName:"Tamas Bauernfeind",profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:"Dr. Bauernfeind finished medicine study and approbation at Semmelweis University of Medicine 2003 in Budapest, specialty in internal medicine (2008) and cardiology (2011) following training at National Health Centre in Budapest, Thoraxcentre, Erasmus University in Rotterdam and Goethe University in Frankfurt/Main. Currently he is Consultant Cardiologist/Electrophysiologist at the Central Clinic of Suhl. Also, he is member of the Hungarian Society of Cardiology, German Society of Cardiology (DGK), and European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Dr. Bauernfeind is author and co-Author of several international publications in peer reviewed journals and conferences.",institutionString:null,position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:null},coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"986",title:"Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology",slug:"clinical-cardiac-electrophysiology"}],chapters:[{id:"41776",title:"Principles of External Defibrillators",doi:"10.5772/52512",slug:"principles-of-external-defibrillators",totalDownloads:3721,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:5,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Hugo Delgado, Jorge Toquero, Cristina Mitroi, Victor Castro and Ignacio Fernández Lozano",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/41776",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/41776",authors:[{id:"38793",title:"Dr.",name:"Jorge",surname:"Toquero",slug:"jorge-toquero",fullName:"Jorge Toquero"}],corrections:null},{id:"41773",title:"Defibrillation and Cardiac Geometry",doi:"10.5772/55120",slug:"defibrillation-and-cardiac-geometry",totalDownloads:1570,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Dan Blendea, Razvan Dadu and Craig A. McPherson",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/41773",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/41773",authors:[{id:"39049",title:"Dr.",name:"Dan",surname:"Blendea",slug:"dan-blendea",fullName:"Dan Blendea"},{id:"56427",title:"Dr.",name:"Razvan",surname:"Dadu",slug:"razvan-dadu",fullName:"Razvan Dadu"},{id:"159634",title:"Dr.",name:"Craig",surname:"McPherson",slug:"craig-mcpherson",fullName:"Craig McPherson"}],corrections:null},{id:"41774",title:"Sudden Death in Ischemic Heart Disease",doi:"10.5772/52661",slug:"sudden-death-in-ischemic-heart-disease",totalDownloads:1538,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Elisabete Martins",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/41774",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/41774",authors:[{id:"158597",title:"Dr.",name:"Elisabete",surname:"Martins",slug:"elisabete-martins",fullName:"Elisabete Martins"}],corrections:null},{id:"41772",title:"Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention: What Guidelines Don't Tell",doi:"10.5772/52840",slug:"implantable-cardioverter-defibrillators-in-sudden-cardiac-death-prevention-what-guidelines-don-t-tel",totalDownloads:1719,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Marzia Giaccardi, Andrea Colella, Giovanni Maria Santoro, Alfredo Zuppiroli and Gian Franco Gensini",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/41772",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/41772",authors:[{id:"56613",title:"Dr.",name:"Marzia",surname:"Giaccardi",slug:"marzia-giaccardi",fullName:"Marzia Giaccardi"}],corrections:null},{id:"41775",title:"Long-Term Benefit and Challenges of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy",doi:"10.5772/52325",slug:"long-term-benefit-and-challenges-of-implantable-cardioverter-defibrillator-therapy",totalDownloads:1738,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Damir Erkapic and Tamas Bauernfeind",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/41775",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/41775",authors:[{id:"156236",title:"Dr.",name:"Damir",surname:"Erkapic",slug:"damir-erkapic",fullName:"Damir Erkapic"},{id:"158390",title:"Dr.",name:"Tamas",surname:"Bauernfeind",slug:"tamas-bauernfeind",fullName:"Tamas Bauernfeind"}],corrections:null},{id:"40846",title:"ICD in the Era of Telecardiology",doi:"10.5772/53361",slug:"icd-in-the-era-of-telecardiology",totalDownloads:1906,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"J. Taieb, J. Bouet, R. Morice, J. Hourdain, B. Jouve, Y. Rahal, T. Benchaa, H. Khachab, O. Rica and C. Barnay",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/40846",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/40846",authors:[{id:"165089",title:"Dr.",name:"Jerome",surname:"Taieb",slug:"jerome-taieb",fullName:"Jerome Taieb"}],corrections:null},{id:"42778",title:"ICD Implantation Procdure: Important issues",doi:"10.5772/54203",slug:"icd-implantation-procdure-important-issues",totalDownloads:1721,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Joern Schmitt",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/42778",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/42778",authors:[{id:"164339",title:"Dr.",name:"Joern",surname:"Schmitt",slug:"joern-schmitt",fullName:"Joern Schmitt"}],corrections:null},{id:"41777",title:"ICD and PM Implantation Procedure: Relevant Periprocedural Issues",doi:null,slug:"icd-and-pm-implantation-procedure-relevant-periprocedural-issues",totalDownloads:1525,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Joern Schmitt",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/41777",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/41777",authors:[{id:"164339",title:"Dr.",name:"Joern",surname:"Schmitt",slug:"joern-schmitt",fullName:"Joern Schmitt"}],corrections:null},{id:"40047",title:"Defibrillator Threshold Testing",doi:"10.5772/52594",slug:"defibrillator-threshold-testing",totalDownloads:2292,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Munir Zaqqa",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/40047",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/40047",authors:[{id:"165118",title:"Dr.",name:"Munir",surname:"Zaqqa",slug:"munir-zaqqa",fullName:"Munir Zaqqa"}],corrections:null},{id:"41778",title:"Tachycardia Discrimination Algorithms in ICDs",doi:"10.5772/52657",slug:"tachycardia-discrimination-algorithms-in-icds",totalDownloads:3606,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Martin Seifert",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/41778",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/41778",authors:[{id:"165015",title:"Dr.",name:"Martin",surname:"Seifert",slug:"martin-seifert",fullName:"Martin Seifert"}],corrections:null},{id:"41779",title:"Current Issues in ICD SVT-VT Discrimination: Pacing for SVT-VT Discrimination",doi:"10.5772/55047",slug:"current-issues-in-icd-svt-vt-discrimination-pacing-for-svt-vt-discrimination",totalDownloads:2441,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Kevin A Michael, Damian P Redfearn and Mark L Brown",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/41779",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/41779",authors:[{id:"61996",title:"Dr.",name:"Kevin",surname:"Michael",slug:"kevin-michael",fullName:"Kevin Michael"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},subseries:null,tags:null},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"997",title:"Tachycardia",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1a5908b405f4ffb028f51f29863469d0",slug:"tachycardia",bookSignature:"Takumi Yamada",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/997.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"68148",title:"Prof.",name:"Takumi",surname:"Yamada",slug:"takumi-yamada",fullName:"Takumi Yamada"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"4584",title:"Abnormal Heart Rhythms",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"81532d7ef92dec2fed90a8c7ea7a051c",slug:"abnormal-heart-rhythms",bookSignature:"Francisco R. Breijo-Marquez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/4584.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"63299",title:"Prof.",name:"Francisco R.",surname:"Breijo-Marquez",slug:"francisco-r.-breijo-marquez",fullName:"Francisco R. Breijo-Marquez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5216",title:"Update on Essential Hypertension",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7f462a8fbbf6a1af402d2689a50a9670",slug:"update-on-essential-hypertension",bookSignature:"Lizbeth Salazar-Sanchez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5216.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"73775",title:"Dr.",name:"Lizbeth",surname:"Salazar-Sanchez",slug:"lizbeth-salazar-sanchez",fullName:"Lizbeth Salazar-Sanchez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3528",title:"Cardiac Surgery",subtitle:"A Commitment to Science, Technology and Creativity",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"95973b4f0e34524407c79ddb123a0d09",slug:"cardiac-surgery-a-commitment-to-science-technology-and-creativity",bookSignature:"Miguel Angel Maluf and Paulo Roberto Barbosa Evora",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3528.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"106872",title:"Prof.",name:"Miguel",surname:"Maluf",slug:"miguel-maluf",fullName:"Miguel Maluf"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3815",title:"Cardiac Arrhythmias",subtitle:"Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Treatment",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fe6dad804d0257a3922593b7861a1b74",slug:"cardiac-arrhythmias-mechanisms-pathophysiology-and-treatment",bookSignature:"Wilbert S. Aronow",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3815.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"164597",title:"Dr.",name:"Wilbert S.",surname:"Aronow",slug:"wilbert-s.-aronow",fullName:"Wilbert S. Aronow"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6536",title:"Cardiac Arrhythmias",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"60225e652fdad9957fb2bad71795510f",slug:"cardiac-arrhythmias",bookSignature:"Umashankar Lakshmanadoss",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6536.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"13913",title:"Dr.",name:"Umashankar",surname:"Lakshmanadoss",slug:"umashankar-lakshmanadoss",fullName:"Umashankar Lakshmanadoss"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5533",title:"The Role of the Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiologist in the Management of Congestive Heart Failure",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"72992f70d4e3ffcae4aa03439ea54954",slug:"the-role-of-the-clinical-cardiac-electrophysiologist-in-the-management-of-congestive-heart-failure",bookSignature:"John Kassotis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5533.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"146888",title:"Dr.",name:"John",surname:"Kassotis",slug:"john-kassotis",fullName:"John Kassotis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3259",title:"Pulmonary Hypertension",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"30532bf64aeb50b027e54b102bfeae6c",slug:"pulmonary-hypertension",bookSignature:"Jean M. Elwing and Ralph J. Panos",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3259.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"165463",title:"Dr.",name:"Jean",surname:"Elwing",slug:"jean-elwing",fullName:"Jean Elwing"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophile",surname:"Theophanides",slug:"theophile-theophanides",fullName:"Theophile Theophanides"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],ofsBooks:[]},correction:{item:{id:"79356",slug:"corrigendum-to-has-the-yield-curve-accurately-predicted-the-malaysian-economy-in-the-previous-two-de",title:"Corrigendum to: Has the Yield Curve Accurately Predicted the Malaysian Economy in the Previous Two Decades?",doi:null,correctionPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/74511.pdf",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/74511",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/74511",totalDownloads:null,totalCrossrefCites:null,bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/74511",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/74511",chapter:{id:"72452",slug:"has-the-yield-curve-accurately-predicted-the-malaysian-economy-in-the-previous-two-decades-",signatures:"Maya Puspa Rahman",dateSubmitted:"December 9th 2019",dateReviewed:"March 21st 2020",datePrePublished:"June 11th 2020",datePublished:"December 23rd 2020",book:{id:"9534",title:"Banking and Finance",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Banking and Finance",slug:"banking-and-finance",publishedDate:"December 23rd 2020",bookSignature:"Razali Haron, Maizaitulaidawati Md Husin and Michael Murg",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9534.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"206517",title:"Prof.",name:"Razali",middleName:null,surname:"Haron",slug:"razali-haron",fullName:"Razali Haron"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"316535",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Maya Puspa",middleName:null,surname:"Rahman",fullName:"Maya Puspa Rahman",slug:"maya-puspa-rahman",email:"mayapuspa@iium.edu.my",position:null,institution:{name:"International Islamic University Malaysia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Malaysia"}}}]}},chapter:{id:"72452",slug:"has-the-yield-curve-accurately-predicted-the-malaysian-economy-in-the-previous-two-decades-",signatures:"Maya Puspa Rahman",dateSubmitted:"December 9th 2019",dateReviewed:"March 21st 2020",datePrePublished:"June 11th 2020",datePublished:"December 23rd 2020",book:{id:"9534",title:"Banking and Finance",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Banking and Finance",slug:"banking-and-finance",publishedDate:"December 23rd 2020",bookSignature:"Razali Haron, Maizaitulaidawati Md Husin and Michael Murg",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9534.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"206517",title:"Prof.",name:"Razali",middleName:null,surname:"Haron",slug:"razali-haron",fullName:"Razali Haron"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"316535",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Maya Puspa",middleName:null,surname:"Rahman",fullName:"Maya Puspa Rahman",slug:"maya-puspa-rahman",email:"mayapuspa@iium.edu.my",position:null,institution:{name:"International Islamic University Malaysia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Malaysia"}}}]},book:{id:"9534",title:"Banking and Finance",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Banking and Finance",slug:"banking-and-finance",publishedDate:"December 23rd 2020",bookSignature:"Razali Haron, Maizaitulaidawati Md Husin and Michael Murg",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9534.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"206517",title:"Prof.",name:"Razali",middleName:null,surname:"Haron",slug:"razali-haron",fullName:"Razali Haron"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},ofsBook:{item:{type:"book",id:"11699",leadTitle:null,title:"Neonatal Surgery",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"This book will be a self-contained collection of scholarly papers targeting an audience of practicing researchers, academics, PhD students and other scientists. The contents of the book will be written by multiple authors and edited by experts in the field.",isbn:null,printIsbn:null,pdfIsbn:null,doi:null,price:0,priceEur:0,priceUsd:0,slug:null,numberOfPages:0,isOpenForSubmission:!0,isSalesforceBook:!1,isNomenclature:!1,hash:"e52adaee8e54f51c2ba4972daeb410f7",bookSignature:"",publishedDate:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11699.jpg",keywords:null,numberOfDownloads:null,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:null,numberOfDimensionsCitations:null,numberOfTotalCitations:null,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"September 30th 2021",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"October 21st 2021",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"December 20th 2021",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"March 10th 2022",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"May 9th 2022",dateConfirmationOfParticipation:null,remainingDaysToSecondStep:"10 months",secondStepPassed:!0,areRegistrationsClosed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:1,editedByType:null,kuFlag:!1,biosketch:null,coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"16",title:"Medicine",slug:"medicine"}],chapters:null,productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:null},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"6550",title:"Cohort Studies in Health Sciences",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"01df5aba4fff1a84b37a2fdafa809660",slug:"cohort-studies-in-health-sciences",bookSignature:"R. Mauricio Barría",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6550.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"88861",title:"Dr.",name:"R. Mauricio",surname:"Barría",slug:"r.-mauricio-barria",fullName:"R. Mauricio Barría"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9500",title:"Recent Advances in Bone Tumours and Osteoarthritis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ea4ec0d6ee01b88e264178886e3210ed",slug:"recent-advances-in-bone-tumours-and-osteoarthritis",bookSignature:"Hiran Amarasekera",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9500.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"67634",title:"Dr.",name:"Hiran",surname:"Amarasekera",slug:"hiran-amarasekera",fullName:"Hiran Amarasekera"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophile",surname:"Theophanides",slug:"theophile-theophanides",fullName:"Theophile Theophanides"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2270",title:"Fourier Transform",subtitle:"Materials Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e094b066da527193e878e160b4772af",slug:"fourier-transform-materials-analysis",bookSignature:"Salih Mohammed Salih",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2270.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"111691",title:"Dr.Ing.",name:"Salih",surname:"Salih",slug:"salih-salih",fullName:"Salih Salih"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"117",title:"Artificial Neural Networks",subtitle:"Methodological Advances and Biomedical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"artificial-neural-networks-methodological-advances-and-biomedical-applications",bookSignature:"Kenji Suzuki",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/117.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"3095",title:"Prof.",name:"Kenji",surname:"Suzuki",slug:"kenji-suzuki",fullName:"Kenji Suzuki"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3828",title:"Application of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"51a27e7adbfafcfedb6e9683f209cba4",slug:"application-of-nanotechnology-in-drug-delivery",bookSignature:"Ali Demir Sezer",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3828.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"62389",title:"PhD.",name:"Ali Demir",surname:"Sezer",slug:"ali-demir-sezer",fullName:"Ali Demir Sezer"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"28933",title:"Biochemical Mediators Involved in Cartilage Degradation and the Induction of Pain in Osteoarthritis",doi:"10.5772/26805",slug:"biochemical-mediators-involved-in-cartilage-degradation-and-the-induction-of-pain-in-osteoarthritis",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/28933.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/28933",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/28933",totalDownloads:2574,totalViews:118,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:2,totalAltmetricsMentions:0,introChapter:null,impactScore:1,impactScorePercentile:55,impactScoreQuartile:3,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:"February 11th 2011",dateReviewed:"July 15th 2011",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"February 22nd 2012",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/28933",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/28933",book:{id:"982",slug:"principles-of-osteoarthritis-its-definition-character-derivation-and-modality-related-recognition"},signatures:"Michael B. Ellman, Dongyao Yan, Di Chen and Hee-Jeong Im",authors:[{id:"67899",title:"Prof.",name:"Hee-Jeong",middleName:null,surname:"Im",fullName:"Hee-Jeong Im",slug:"hee-jeong-im",email:"Hee-Jeong_Sampen@rush.edu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:{name:"Rush University Medical Center",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"73345",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael",middleName:"Brian",surname:"Ellman",fullName:"Michael Ellman",slug:"michael-ellman",email:"mikeellman@gmail.com",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:{name:"Rush University Medical Center",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"73347",title:"Mr.",name:"Dongyao",middleName:null,surname:"Yan",fullName:"Dongyao Yan",slug:"dongyao-yan",email:"Dongyao_Yan@rush.edu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:{name:"Rush University Medical Center",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"982",type:"book",title:"Principles of Osteoarthritis",subtitle:"Its Definition, Character, Derivation and Modality-Related Recognition",fullTitle:"Principles of Osteoarthritis - Its Definition, Character, Derivation and Modality-Related Recognition",slug:"principles-of-osteoarthritis-its-definition-character-derivation-and-modality-related-recognition",publishedDate:"February 22nd 2012",bookSignature:"Bruce M. Rothschild",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/982.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-51-0063-8",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-6822-5",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",numberOfWosCitations:42,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"68037",title:"Dr.",name:"Bruce M.",middleName:null,surname:"Rothschild",slug:"bruce-m.-rothschild",fullName:"Bruce M. Rothschild"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"1044"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"28919",type:"chapter",title:"Epidemiology and Biomechanics of Osteoarthritis",slug:"epidemiology-and-biomechanics-of-osteoarthritis",totalDownloads:2219,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Bruce M. Rothschild and Robert J. Woods",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"68037",title:"Dr.",name:"Bruce M.",middleName:null,surname:"Rothschild",fullName:"Bruce M. Rothschild",slug:"bruce-m.-rothschild"}]},{id:"28920",type:"chapter",title:"Symptoms, Signs and Quality of Life (QoL) in Osteoarthritis (OA)",slug:"symptoms-signs-and-quality-of-life-qol-in-osteoarthritis-oa-",totalDownloads:4512,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Keith K.W. Chan and Ricky W.K. Wu",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"68572",title:"Dr.",name:"Keith K.W.",middleName:null,surname:"Chan",fullName:"Keith K.W. Chan",slug:"keith-k.w.-chan"},{id:"74353",title:"Dr.",name:"Ricky W.K.",middleName:null,surname:"Wu",fullName:"Ricky W.K. Wu",slug:"ricky-w.k.-wu"}]},{id:"28921",type:"chapter",title:"An Atlas-Based Approach to Study Morphological Differences in Human Femoral Cartilage Between Subjects from Incidence and Progression Cohorts: MRI Data from Osteoarthritis Initiative",slug:"an-atlas-based-approach-to-study-morphological-differences-in-human-femoral-cartilage-between-subjec",totalDownloads:1759,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Hussain Tameem and Usha Sinha",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"73791",title:"Dr.",name:"Hussain",middleName:null,surname:"Tameem",fullName:"Hussain Tameem",slug:"hussain-tameem"},{id:"73799",title:"Dr.",name:"Usha",middleName:null,surname:"Sinha",fullName:"Usha Sinha",slug:"usha-sinha"}]},{id:"28922",type:"chapter",title:"The Application of Imaging in Osteoarthritis",slug:"the-application-of-imaging-in-osteoarthritis",totalDownloads:3349,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Caroline B. Hing, Mark A. Harris, Vivian Ejindu and Nidhi Sofat",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"67197",title:"Dr.",name:"Nidhi",middleName:null,surname:"Sofat",fullName:"Nidhi Sofat",slug:"nidhi-sofat"}]},{id:"28923",type:"chapter",title:"Biomarkers and Ultrasound in the Knee Osteoarthrosis Diagnosis",slug:"biomarkers-and-ultrasound-in-the-knee-osteoarthrosis-diagnosis",totalDownloads:2084,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Sandra Živanović, Ljiljana Petrović Rackov and Zoran Mijušković",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"78564",title:"PhD.",name:"Sandra",middleName:"Momčilo",surname:"Živanović",fullName:"Sandra Živanović",slug:"sandra-zivanovic"}]},{id:"28924",type:"chapter",title:"Biomechanics of Physiological and Pathological Bone Structures",slug:"biomechanics-of-physiological-and-pathological-bone-structures",totalDownloads:2445,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Anna Nikodem and Krzystof Ścigała",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"68529",title:"Dr.",name:"Anna",middleName:"Maria",surname:"Nikodem",fullName:"Anna Nikodem",slug:"anna-nikodem"},{id:"74890",title:"Dr.",name:"Krzysztof",middleName:null,surname:"Ścigała",fullName:"Krzysztof Ścigała",slug:"krzysztof-scigala"}]},{id:"28925",type:"chapter",title:"Subchondral Bone in Osteoarthritis",slug:"subchondral-bone-in-osteoarthritis",totalDownloads:3649,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"David M. Findlay",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"72479",title:"Prof.",name:"David",middleName:null,surname:"Findlay",fullName:"David Findlay",slug:"david-findlay"}]},{id:"28926",type:"chapter",title:"The Relationship Between Gait Mechanics and Radiographic Disease Severity in Knee Osteoarthritis",slug:"the-relationship-between-gait-mechanics-and-radiographic-disease-severity-in-knee-osteoarthritis",totalDownloads:2380,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Ershela L. Sims, Francis J. Keefe, Daniel Schmitt, Virginia B. Kraus, Mathew W. Williams, Tamara Somers, Paul Riordan and Farshid Guilak",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"74835",title:"Dr.",name:"Ershela L.",middleName:null,surname:"Sims",fullName:"Ershela L. Sims",slug:"ershela-l.-sims"},{id:"74949",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",middleName:null,surname:"Schmitt",fullName:"Daniel Schmitt",slug:"daniel-schmitt"},{id:"120033",title:"Dr.",name:"Francis",middleName:null,surname:"Keefe",fullName:"Francis Keefe",slug:"francis-keefe"},{id:"120034",title:"Dr.",name:"Virginia B.",middleName:null,surname:"Kraus",fullName:"Virginia B. Kraus",slug:"virginia-b.-kraus"},{id:"120035",title:"Dr.",name:"Tamara",middleName:null,surname:"Somers",fullName:"Tamara Somers",slug:"tamara-somers"},{id:"120036",title:"Dr.",name:"Farshid",middleName:null,surname:"Guilak",fullName:"Farshid Guilak",slug:"farshid-guilak"},{id:"121905",title:"Mr.",name:"Mathew",middleName:null,surname:"Williams",fullName:"Mathew Williams",slug:"mathew-williams"},{id:"121911",title:"Mr.",name:"Paul",middleName:null,surname:"Riordan",fullName:"Paul Riordan",slug:"paul-riordan"}]},{id:"28927",type:"chapter",title:"Osteoarthritis in Sports and Exercise: Risk Factors and Preventive Strategies",slug:"osteoarthritis-in-sports-and-exercise-risk-factors-and-preventive-strategies",totalDownloads:2301,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Eduard Alentorn-Geli and Lluís Puig Verdié",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"67639",title:"Dr.",name:"Eduard",middleName:null,surname:"Alentorn-Geli",fullName:"Eduard Alentorn-Geli",slug:"eduard-alentorn-geli"},{id:"130337",title:"Dr.",name:"Lluís",middleName:null,surname:"Puig",fullName:"Lluís Puig",slug:"lluis-puig"}]},{id:"28928",type:"chapter",title:"Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis: Biologic Approaches to Treatment",slug:"post-traumatic-osteoarthritis-biologic-approaches-to-treatment",totalDownloads:2276,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Sukhwinderjit Lidder and Susan Chubinskaya",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"66674",title:"Prof.",name:"Susan",middleName:null,surname:"Chubinskaya",fullName:"Susan Chubinskaya",slug:"susan-chubinskaya"}]},{id:"28929",type:"chapter",title:"The Genetics of Osteoarthritis",slug:"the-genetics-of-osteoarthritis",totalDownloads:1391,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Antonio Miranda-Duarte",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"69935",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Miranda-Duarte",fullName:"Antonio Miranda-Duarte",slug:"antonio-miranda-duarte"}]},{id:"28930",type:"chapter",title:"Genetic Association and Linkage Studies in Osteoarthritis",slug:"genetic-association-and-linkage-studies-in-osteoarthritis",totalDownloads:1799,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Annu Näkki, Minna Männikkö and Janna Saarela",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"82614",title:"Dr.",name:"Janna",middleName:null,surname:"Saarela",fullName:"Janna Saarela",slug:"janna-saarela"},{id:"82620",title:"Dr.",name:"Minna",middleName:null,surname:"Männikkö",fullName:"Minna Männikkö",slug:"minna-mannikko"},{id:"82622",title:"MSc",name:"Annu",middleName:null,surname:"Näkki",fullName:"Annu Näkki",slug:"annu-nakki"}]},{id:"28931",type:"chapter",title:"Genetic Mouse Models for Osteoarthritis Research",slug:"genetic-mouse-models-for-osteoarthritis-research",totalDownloads:1708,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Jie Shen, Meina Wang, Hongting Jin, Erik Sampson and Di Chen",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"71766",title:"Prof.",name:"Di",middleName:null,surname:"Chen",fullName:"Di Chen",slug:"di-chen"}]},{id:"28932",type:"chapter",title:"Cartilage Extracellular Matrix Integrity and OA",slug:"cartilage-extracellular-matrix-integrity-and-oa",totalDownloads:1730,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Chathuraka T. Jayasuriya and Qian Chen",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"70485",title:"Prof.",name:"Qian",middleName:null,surname:"Chen",fullName:"Qian Chen",slug:"qian-chen"},{id:"120500",title:"BSc.",name:"Chathuraka",middleName:null,surname:"Jayasuriya",fullName:"Chathuraka Jayasuriya",slug:"chathuraka-jayasuriya"}]},{id:"28933",type:"chapter",title:"Biochemical Mediators Involved in Cartilage Degradation and the Induction of Pain in Osteoarthritis",slug:"biochemical-mediators-involved-in-cartilage-degradation-and-the-induction-of-pain-in-osteoarthritis",totalDownloads:2574,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Michael B. Ellman, Dongyao Yan, Di Chen and Hee-Jeong Im",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"67899",title:"Prof.",name:"Hee-Jeong",middleName:null,surname:"Im",fullName:"Hee-Jeong Im",slug:"hee-jeong-im"},{id:"73345",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael",middleName:"Brian",surname:"Ellman",fullName:"Michael Ellman",slug:"michael-ellman"},{id:"73347",title:"Mr.",name:"Dongyao",middleName:null,surname:"Yan",fullName:"Dongyao Yan",slug:"dongyao-yan"}]},{id:"28934",type:"chapter",title:"Proteases and Cartilage Degradation in Osteoarthritis",slug:"proteases-and-cartilage-degradation-in-osteoarthritis",totalDownloads:2890,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Judith Farley, Valeria C. Dejica and John S. Mort",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"67570",title:"Dr.",name:"John",middleName:"S.",surname:"Mort",fullName:"John Mort",slug:"john-mort"},{id:"75476",title:"Dr.",name:"Judith",middleName:null,surname:"Farley",fullName:"Judith Farley",slug:"judith-farley"},{id:"121072",title:"Dr.",name:"Valeria",middleName:null,surname:"Dejica",fullName:"Valeria Dejica",slug:"valeria-dejica"}]},{id:"28935",type:"chapter",title:"Simple Method Using Gelatin-Coated Film for Comprehensively Assaying Gelatinase Activity in Synovial Fluid",slug:"simple-method-using-gelatin-coated-film-for-comprehensively-assaying-gelatinase-activity-in-synovial",totalDownloads:1651,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Akihisa Kamataki, Wataru Yoshida, Mutsuko Ishida, Kenya Murakami, Kensuke Ochi and Takashi Sawai",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"65082",title:"Prof.",name:"Takashi",middleName:null,surname:"Sawai",fullName:"Takashi Sawai",slug:"takashi-sawai"},{id:"73845",title:"Dr.",name:"Wataru",middleName:null,surname:"Yoshida",fullName:"Wataru Yoshida",slug:"wataru-yoshida"},{id:"74025",title:"Dr.",name:"Akihisa",middleName:null,surname:"Kamataki",fullName:"Akihisa Kamataki",slug:"akihisa-kamataki"},{id:"75415",title:"Mrs.",name:"Mutsuko",middleName:null,surname:"Ishida",fullName:"Mutsuko Ishida",slug:"mutsuko-ishida"},{id:"119950",title:"Dr.",name:"Kensuke",middleName:null,surname:"Ochi",fullName:"Kensuke Ochi",slug:"kensuke-ochi"},{id:"119951",title:"Dr.",name:"Kenya",middleName:null,surname:"Murakami",fullName:"Kenya Murakami",slug:"kenya-murakami"}]},{id:"28936",type:"chapter",title:"Toll-Like Receptors: At the Intersection of Osteoarthritis Pathology and Pain",slug:"toll-like-receptors-at-the-intersection-of-osteoarthritis-pathology-and-pain",totalDownloads:2110,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Qi Wu and James L. Henry",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"70423",title:"Dr.",name:"James L.",middleName:null,surname:"Henry",fullName:"James L. Henry",slug:"james-l.-henry"},{id:"70426",title:"Dr.",name:"Qi",middleName:null,surname:"Wu",fullName:"Qi Wu",slug:"qi-wu"}]},{id:"28937",type:"chapter",title:"Anion Channels in Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes",slug:"anion-channels-in-osteoarthritic-chondrocytes",totalDownloads:1934,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Elizabeth Perez-Hernandez, Nury Perez-Hernandez, Fidel de la C. Hernandez-Hernandez and Juan B. Kouri-Flores",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"70727",title:"Dr.",name:"Elizabeth",middleName:null,surname:"Perez Hernandez",fullName:"Elizabeth Perez Hernandez",slug:"elizabeth-perez-hernandez"},{id:"120336",title:"Dr.",name:"Nury",middleName:null,surname:"Perez-Hernandez",fullName:"Nury Perez-Hernandez",slug:"nury-perez-hernandez"},{id:"120337",title:"Dr.",name:"Fidel De La Cruz",middleName:null,surname:"Hernandez-Hernandez",fullName:"Fidel De La Cruz Hernandez-Hernandez",slug:"fidel-de-la-cruz-hernandez-hernandez"},{id:"120405",title:"Dr.",name:"Juan B.",middleName:null,surname:"Kouri-Flores",fullName:"Juan B. Kouri-Flores",slug:"juan-b.-kouri-flores"}]},{id:"28938",type:"chapter",title:"The Cholinergic System Can Be of Unexpected Importance in Osteoarthritis",slug:"the-cholinergic-system-can-be-of-unexpected-importance-in-osteoarthritis",totalDownloads:1896,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Sture Forsgren",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"75875",title:"Dr",name:"Sture",middleName:null,surname:"Forsgren",fullName:"Sture Forsgren",slug:"sture-forsgren"}]},{id:"28939",type:"chapter",title:"Transcriptional Regulation of Articular Chondrocyte Function and Its Implication in Osteoarthritis",slug:"transcriptional-regulation-of-articular-chondrocyte-function-and-its-implication-in-osteoarthritis",totalDownloads:2172,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Jinxi Wang, William C. Kramer and John P. Schroeppel",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"70899",title:"Prof.",name:"Jinxi",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Jinxi Wang",slug:"jinxi-wang"}]},{id:"28940",type:"chapter",title:"TGF-β Action in the Cartilage in Health and Disease",slug:"tgf-action-in-the-cartilage-in-health-and-disease",totalDownloads:2514,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Kenneth W. Finnson, Yoon Chi and Anie Philip",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"77045",title:"Prof.",name:"Anie",middleName:null,surname:"Philip",fullName:"Anie Philip",slug:"anie-philip"},{id:"121335",title:"Dr.",name:"Kenneth",middleName:null,surname:"Finnson",fullName:"Kenneth Finnson",slug:"kenneth-finnson"},{id:"121336",title:"Ms.",name:"Yoon",middleName:null,surname:"Chi",fullName:"Yoon Chi",slug:"yoon-chi"}]},{id:"28941",type:"chapter",title:"How Important are Innate Immunity Cells in Osteoarthritis Pathology",slug:"how-important-are-innate-immunity-cells-in-osteoarthritis-pathology",totalDownloads:2749,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Petya Dimitrova and Nina Ivanovska",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"73608",title:"Dr.",name:"Nina",middleName:null,surname:"Ivanovska",fullName:"Nina Ivanovska",slug:"nina-ivanovska"},{id:"73945",title:"Dr.",name:"Petya",middleName:null,surname:"Dimitrova",fullName:"Petya Dimitrova",slug:"petya-dimitrova"}]},{id:"28942",type:"chapter",title:"The Role of Synovial Macrophages and Macrophage-Produced Mediators in Driving Inflammatory and Destructive Responses in Osteoarthritis",slug:"the-role-of-synovial-macrophages-and-macrophage-produced-mediators-in-driving-inflammatory-and-destr",totalDownloads:2490,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Jan Bondeson, Shane Wainwright, Clare Hughes and Bruce Caterson",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"73370",title:"Dr",name:null,middleName:null,surname:"Bondeson",fullName:"Bondeson",slug:"bondeson"}]},{id:"28943",type:"chapter",title:"Cellular Physiology of Articular Cartilage in Health and Disease",slug:"cellular-physiology-of-articular-cartilage-in-health-and-disease",totalDownloads:4529,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Peter I. Milner, Robert J. Wilkins and John S. Gibson",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"57314",title:"Dr.",name:"John",middleName:"Stanley",surname:"Gibson",fullName:"John Gibson",slug:"john-gibson"},{id:"57322",title:"Prof.",name:"Robert",middleName:null,surname:"Wilkins",fullName:"Robert Wilkins",slug:"robert-wilkins"},{id:"73681",title:"Dr.",name:"Peter",middleName:null,surname:"Milner",fullName:"Peter Milner",slug:"peter-milner"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"3516",title:"Topics in Osteoporosis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1f49a9a4e5116c7ddf3398cab80470a4",slug:"topics-in-osteoporosis",bookSignature:"Margarita Valdes Flores",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3516.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"76697",title:"Dr.",name:"Margarita",surname:"Valdés-Flores",slug:"margarita-valdes-flores",fullName:"Margarita Valdés-Flores"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"44505",title:"Molecular Aspects of Bone Remodeling",slug:"molecular-aspects-of-bone-remodeling",signatures:"Alma Y. Parra-Torres, Margarita Valdés-Flores, Lorena Orozco and\nRafael Velázquez-Cruz",authors:[{id:"76697",title:"Dr.",name:"Margarita",middleName:null,surname:"Valdés-Flores",fullName:"Margarita Valdés-Flores",slug:"margarita-valdes-flores"},{id:"163193",title:"Dr.",name:"Rafael",middleName:null,surname:"Velázquez Cruz",fullName:"Rafael Velázquez Cruz",slug:"rafael-velazquez-cruz"},{id:"167695",title:"Dr.",name:"Lorena",middleName:null,surname:"Orozco",fullName:"Lorena Orozco",slug:"lorena-orozco"},{id:"167696",title:"BSc.",name:"Alma",middleName:null,surname:"Parra-Torres",fullName:"Alma Parra-Torres",slug:"alma-parra-torres"}]},{id:"44508",title:"Genetic Diseases Related with Osteoporosis",slug:"genetic-diseases-related-with-osteoporosis",signatures:"Margarita Valdés-Flores, Leonora Casas-Avila and Valeria Ponce de\nLeón-Suárez",authors:[{id:"76697",title:"Dr.",name:"Margarita",middleName:null,surname:"Valdés-Flores",fullName:"Margarita Valdés-Flores",slug:"margarita-valdes-flores"}]},{id:"44631",title:"Serum Leptin and Bone Turnover Markers in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis",slug:"serum-leptin-and-bone-turnover-markers-in-postmenopausal-osteoporosis",signatures:"Mehreen Lateef, Mukhtiar Baig and Abid Azhar",authors:[{id:"86636",title:"Mrs.",name:"Mehreen",middleName:null,surname:"Lateef",fullName:"Mehreen Lateef",slug:"mehreen-lateef"},{id:"167245",title:"Prof.",name:"Mukhtiar",middleName:null,surname:"Baig",fullName:"Mukhtiar Baig",slug:"mukhtiar-baig"},{id:"167246",title:"Prof.",name:"Abid",middleName:null,surname:"Azhar",fullName:"Abid Azhar",slug:"abid-azhar"}]},{id:"44367",title:"Modification of Sex Hormones with RGD-Peptide: A Strategy of Improving HRT and Other Secondary Osteoporosis Therapy",slug:"modification-of-sex-hormones-with-rgd-peptide-a-strategy-of-improving-hrt-and-other-secondary-osteop",signatures:"Ming Zhao, Yuji Wang, Jianhui Wu and Shiqi Peng",authors:[{id:"163158",title:"Prof.",name:"Shiqi",middleName:null,surname:"Peng",fullName:"Shiqi Peng",slug:"shiqi-peng"},{id:"163455",title:"Prof.",name:"Ming",middleName:null,surname:"Zhao",fullName:"Ming Zhao",slug:"ming-zhao"}]},{id:"41491",title:"Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in the Risk of Osteoporosis — Role of the Antioxidants Lycopene and Polyphenols",slug:"oxidative-stress-and-antioxidants-in-the-risk-of-osteoporosis-role-of-the-antioxidants-lycopene-and-",signatures:"L.G. Rao and A.V. Rao",authors:[{id:"82663",title:"Dr.",name:"Venketeshwer",middleName:null,surname:"Rao",fullName:"Venketeshwer Rao",slug:"venketeshwer-rao"},{id:"163766",title:"Dr.",name:"Leticia",middleName:null,surname:"Rao",fullName:"Leticia Rao",slug:"leticia-rao"}]},{id:"44509",title:"Pathogenesis, Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment, and Animal Models for Ckd-Mbd",slug:"pathogenesis-clinical-diagnosis-and-treatment-and-animal-models-for-ckd-mbd",signatures:"Yan Zhang and Yoseph Asmelash Gebru",authors:[{id:"163132",title:"Dr.",name:"Yan",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",fullName:"Yan Zhang",slug:"yan-zhang"},{id:"167208",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Yoseph",middleName:"Asmelash",surname:"Gebru",fullName:"Yoseph Gebru",slug:"yoseph-gebru"}]},{id:"44510",title:"Osteoporosis and Nutrition — Nutrition, Anthropometry and Bone Mineral Density in Women",slug:"osteoporosis-and-nutrition-nutrition-anthropometry-and-bone-mineral-density-in-women",signatures:"Olga Cvijanović, Sandra Pavičić Žeželj, Silvija Lukanović, Nenad\nBićanić, Robert Domitrović, Dragica Bobinac and Željka Crnčević\nOrlić",authors:[{id:"75821",title:"Dr.",name:"Olga",middleName:null,surname:"Cvijanovic",fullName:"Olga Cvijanovic",slug:"olga-cvijanovic"},{id:"77825",title:"Prof.",name:"Zeljka",middleName:null,surname:"Crncevic Orlic",fullName:"Zeljka Crncevic Orlic",slug:"zeljka-crncevic-orlic"},{id:"77828",title:"Prof.",name:"Dragica",middleName:null,surname:"Bobinac",fullName:"Dragica Bobinac",slug:"dragica-bobinac"},{id:"162254",title:"Dr.",name:"Sandra",middleName:null,surname:"Pavicic Zezelj",fullName:"Sandra Pavicic Zezelj",slug:"sandra-pavicic-zezelj"},{id:"162260",title:"MSc.",name:"Nenad",middleName:null,surname:"Bicanic",fullName:"Nenad Bicanic",slug:"nenad-bicanic"},{id:"162263",title:"Prof.",name:"Robert",middleName:null,surname:"Domitrovic",fullName:"Robert Domitrovic",slug:"robert-domitrovic"},{id:"163611",title:"Dr.",name:"Silvija",middleName:null,surname:"Lukanovic",fullName:"Silvija Lukanovic",slug:"silvija-lukanovic"}]},{id:"44105",title:"Bone Mineral Density and High-Performance Aerobic Activity in Older Adults Experience in Brazil",slug:"bone-mineral-density-and-high-performance-aerobic-activity-in-older-adults-experience-in-brazil",signatures:"Luiz Eugênio Garcez Leme and Maria do Carmo Sitta",authors:[{id:"161793",title:"Prof.",name:"Luiz",middleName:"Eugenio",surname:"Garcez Leme",fullName:"Luiz Garcez Leme",slug:"luiz-garcez-leme"},{id:"167779",title:"Prof.",name:"Maria",middleName:null,surname:"do Carmo Sitta",fullName:"Maria do Carmo Sitta",slug:"maria-do-carmo-sitta"}]},{id:"44511",title:"Influence of the Nutrition on Bone Health of Children and Adolescents",slug:"influence-of-the-nutrition-on-bone-health-of-children-and-adolescents",signatures:"Emilio González-Jiménez",authors:[{id:"77001",title:"Dr.",name:"Emilio",middleName:null,surname:"González-Jiménez",fullName:"Emilio González-Jiménez",slug:"emilio-gonzalez-jimenez"}]},{id:"44632",title:"The Effectiveness of Progressive Load Training Associated to the Proprioceptive Training for Prevention of Falls in Women with Osteoporosis",slug:"the-effectiveness-of-progressive-load-training-associated-to-the-proprioceptive-training-for-prevent",signatures:"Lucas Teixeira, Stella Peccin, Kelson Silva, Tiago Teixeira, Aline\nMizusaki Imoto, Joelma Magalhães and Virgínia Trevisani",authors:[{id:"63890",title:"MSc.",name:"Kelson",middleName:null,surname:"Silva",fullName:"Kelson Silva",slug:"kelson-silva"},{id:"75687",title:"PhD.",name:"Lucas",middleName:"Emmanuel",surname:"Teixeira",fullName:"Lucas Teixeira",slug:"lucas-teixeira"},{id:"80042",title:"Dr.",name:"Virginia",middleName:null,surname:"Trevisani",fullName:"Virginia Trevisani",slug:"virginia-trevisani"},{id:"80044",title:"Dr.",name:"Tiago",middleName:"Jose De Paiva",surname:"Teixeira",fullName:"Tiago Teixeira",slug:"tiago-teixeira"},{id:"80045",title:"MSc.",name:"Joelma",middleName:null,surname:"Magalhães",fullName:"Joelma Magalhães",slug:"joelma-magalhaes"},{id:"122997",title:"Dr.",name:"Stella",middleName:null,surname:"Peccin",fullName:"Stella Peccin",slug:"stella-peccin"},{id:"163260",title:"Dr.",name:"Aline",middleName:null,surname:"Mizusaki Imoto",fullName:"Aline Mizusaki Imoto",slug:"aline-mizusaki-imoto"}]},{id:"44515",title:"Anabolic Agents as New Treatment Strategy in Osteoporosis",slug:"anabolic-agents-as-new-treatment-strategy-in-osteoporosis",signatures:"Tulay Okman-Kilic and Cengiz Sagiroglu",authors:[{id:"162518",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Tulay",middleName:null,surname:"Okman-Kilic",fullName:"Tulay Okman-Kilic",slug:"tulay-okman-kilic"},{id:"163430",title:"M.D.",name:"Cengiz",middleName:null,surname:"Sagiroglu",fullName:"Cengiz Sagiroglu",slug:"cengiz-sagiroglu"}]},{id:"44520",title:"Osteoporosis in Spaceflight",slug:"osteoporosis-in-spaceflight",signatures:"Satoshi Iwase, Naoki Nishimura and Tadaaki Mano",authors:[{id:"76278",title:"Prof.",name:"Satoshi",middleName:null,surname:"Iwase",fullName:"Satoshi Iwase",slug:"satoshi-iwase"}]}]}],publishedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"5501",title:"New Developments in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"857036a80d948539c72a88ea83aebf28",slug:"new-developments-in-the-pathogenesis-of-rheumatoid-arthritis",bookSignature:"Lazaros I. Sakkas",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5501.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"49036",title:"Prof.",name:"Lazaros",surname:"Sakkas",slug:"lazaros-sakkas",fullName:"Lazaros Sakkas"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7156",title:"Osteogenesis and Bone Regeneration",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dbffb762cef8ae7cddbd8a3ebed31d81",slug:"osteogenesis-and-bone-regeneration",bookSignature:"Haisheng Yang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7156.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"254463",title:"Prof.",name:"Haisheng",surname:"Yang",slug:"haisheng-yang",fullName:"Haisheng Yang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7565",title:"Osteoarthritis Biomarkers and Treatments",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e1f50f84936fc4164de08483e43acc16",slug:"osteoarthritis-biomarkers-and-treatments",bookSignature:"Hechmi Toumi and Marija Mazor",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7565.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"196403",title:"Prof.",name:"Hechmi",surname:"Toumi",slug:"hechmi-toumi",fullName:"Hechmi Toumi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"547",title:"Clinical and Molecular Advances in Ankylosing Spondylitis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e8bf676252e0fdbc6e8a72035c14cb7a",slug:"clinical-and-molecular-advances-in-ankylosing-spondylitis",bookSignature:"Jacome Bruges-Armas",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/547.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"70522",title:"Dr.",name:"Jacome",surname:"Bruges Armas",slug:"jacome-bruges-armas",fullName:"Jacome Bruges Armas"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"757",title:"Osteomyelitis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"094be3e7b1cac239e661bdb0a1a4f83e",slug:"osteomyelitis",bookSignature:"Mauricio S. Baptista and Joao Paulo Tardivo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/757.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"85863",title:"Prof.",name:"Mauricio S.",surname:"Baptista",slug:"mauricio-s.-baptista",fullName:"Mauricio S. Baptista"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],publishedBooksByAuthor:[{type:"book",id:"982",title:"Principles of Osteoarthritis",subtitle:"Its Definition, Character, Derivation and Modality-Related Recognition",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ede382c82c469265f558306b4fb48137",slug:"principles-of-osteoarthritis-its-definition-character-derivation-and-modality-related-recognition",bookSignature:"Bruce M. Rothschild",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/982.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"68037",title:"Dr.",name:"Bruce M.",surname:"Rothschild",slug:"bruce-m.-rothschild",fullName:"Bruce M. Rothschild"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"81760",title:"On the Selective Isolation of Actinobacteria from Different Mexican Ecosystems",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104699",slug:"on-the-selective-isolation-of-actinobacteria-from-different-mexican-ecosystems",body:'Megadiverse countries constitute exceptional areas on Earth where most of the planetary biodiversity is present. The complexity of these areas is huge, but in most of the cases, two major points are key: (1) the geographical location, and (2) the abiotic and biotic elements present. Mexico is one of the top five megadiverse countries in the world and its macrodiversity and endemism are well represented by amphibians, mammals, plants, and reptiles [1]. However, the knowledge of microscopic organisms such as archaea, bacteria, protozoa, microscopic algae, and microscopic fungi, that inhabit aquatic, atmospheric, marine, and soil ecosystems is neither poorly known, studied nor understood.
The vision of this chapter is to contribute to the knowledge, research, and study of microscopic life in different Mexican ecosystems, as they are often ignored or poorly mentioned in federal texts or even in biotic inventories. Our examples are some members of the class actinobacteria [2], and we aim to demonstrate why it is so important to study these bacteria in such detail to fully explore and untap the unknown actinobacterial diversity with potential in biology. Using a dynamic isolation strategy on air, soil, and marine sediments and sponges collected from yet unexplored sites of the Mexican territory, we have been able to cultivate novel actinobacteria. Our findings showed that expertise, patience, and talent of the techniques applied are keys in the hunt for new potential microbes.
The isolation of microorganisms, including actinobacteria, is not new but a dynamic strategy that is continuously changing, and the developed to date is a powerful tool. For more than two centuries, researchers from Japan, the UK, and USA have shown that beneficial microorganisms isolated from the soil are important to Biology. In recent years the isolation of the first genus of actinobacteria from the marine origin [3] and novel marine species [4] have shown the importance of exploring the marine environment. Extreme or unexplored sites have also shown the isolation of actinobacteria including putative novel actinobacteria [5].
Our research studying actinobacteria started in 1999 [6, 7], but until 2009 we properly started the exploration of the Mexican (marine) ecosystems [8] as an independent group. We followed bioprospecting, diversity, and systematic approach but designing a selective isolation strategy was the first step for a complete full project or protocol [9].
Actinobacteria is a complex group of bacteria, they present forms such as rods or bacilli, many differentiate in vegetative mycelium, aerial hyphae, and chain of spores, and in a few genera fragmentation of the hyphae is present. In general, the Gram reaction is positive and the content of guanine plus cytosine is above 69%mol. The morphological characteristics within the class showed how complex this group is. Actinobacteria are considered saprophytes or beneficial microbes, but a small number of species have been shown to be either pathogenic [10] or opportunistic [11]. This microbial group has been isolated or cultivated using classical methods from almost every sample taken on Earth and they are always detected when using molecular methods to study this group in a given environmental sample.
Actinobacteria also have the innate ability to produce secondary metabolites with biological activity, to date, this class encompasses 80% of the microbes that produce the antibacterial compounds used in medicine. Complete Genome Sequencing of some genera of actinobacteria such as
The more we study and discover actinobacteria the more important they become in pass, present, and future assignments. Microorganisms and microbial biomass, including actinobacteria, represent the major resource for biotechnology and biological areas. We should continue exploring their role in nature in order to understand their biology, ecology, and bioprospecting potential [13, 14, 15, 16].
The Earth’s atmosphere is divided into six specific layers with completely different characteristics: (1) Troposphere, (2) Stratosphere, (3) Mesosphere, (4) Thermosphere, (5) Ionosphere, and (6) Exosphere. It has been established that the atmosphere plays an important role to transport microorganisms, place to place, continent to continent. The latter has been established using scientific tools in the last 200 years and in the last 15 years, NASA has monitored mineral dust particles from the Sahara desert with a robust precision using spaceborne satellites. These Saharan dust plumes contain microorganisms and enter mainland Mexico by the Yucatan Peninsula [17].
The atmosphere is a hostile environment for microorganisms though there are a significant number of them in the troposphere, with air as their main dispersion pathway. The abundance, diversity, survival, and transport of microorganisms, as passive drivers, and how they get stressed severely by the conditions presented in the atmosphere have fully been reported [18]. Most of the microorganisms in the atmosphere are present as spores, while others have adapted to resist desiccation or high/low temperatures [19]. Recent reports have also shown that some microorganisms (i.e., by using specific proteins) can act as ice nucleating particles [20] and that they may play an important role in cloud formation [21]. In general, bacteria (including actinobacteria) present in the atmosphere are attached to suspended particles [17], and their concentration change notably during the dry or wet seasons of each year [22].
As part of the African Dust and Biomass Burning Over Yucatan (ADABBOY) Project [23] in the city of Merida (N 21°02´75.4´´ W 89°65´44.8´´) a selective isolation strategy was carried out in order to cultivate/recovered putative actinobacteria in May 2017. Air samples were impacted using a Quick Take 30 Sample Pump® and a BioStage® SKC (Figure 1) in Petri dishes prepared with a slightly modified Glucose Yeast Malt extract agar (GYM medium; Appendix A; Medium 65: DSMZ; www.dsmz.de) supplemented with Rifampicin (5 μg/mL; Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and Nystatin (50 μg/mL; MICOSTATIN® Bristol Myers Squibb, Mexico).
The device used for the air particles.
Plates were incubated in two different laboratories and conditions. The first laboratory was in the city of Merida at the Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, using an aerobic incubator set at 25°C and the plates were incubated for 24 hours. For the second procedure, the plates were transported to a laboratory in Mexico City where the incubation time continued aerobically at 30°C (IncuMax IC-320, Amerex USA) for 8 weeks with eye observation each week. One microorganism with the production of aerial hyphae, a gray mass of spores, and a very deep purple diffusible pigment (Figure 2) was selected from the isolation plates for further studies.
Morphology and purple diffusible pigment of an airborne streptomycete.
The selected isolate was coded C6-CCA-May-1. After a purification process using GYM medium and two different techniques (cross streak and serial dilutions), bacterial biomass and spores of the strain were ultra-preserved in 20% glycerol. Morphological characterization was carried out using a GYM medium (Figure 3) and a Gram staining procedure (Figure 4) was carried out following well-known universal protocols.
Aerial hyphae and spore mass of isolate C6-CCA-May-1.
Gram staining of the airborne streptomycete.
Molecular identification of strain C6-CCA-May-1 was carried out following protocols previously published [8, 24]. First, the DNA of strain C6-CCA-May-1 was extracted and used as a template for PCR amplification using the 16S rRNA gene (Appendix B). The sequence of the 16S rRNA gene PCR product confirmed that strain C6-CCA-May-1 belongs to the genus
Hit taxon name | Hit strain name | Accesion | Similarity | Hit taxonomy | Completeness (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NBRC 133559T | AB18350 | 99.51 | Bacteria;Actinobacteria;Actinobacteria_c;Streptomycetales;Streptomycetaceae;Streptomyces | 99.6 | |
NBRC 13404T | AB18381 | 98.88 | 99.9 | ||
KNN 35.1bT | LT621750 | 98.77 | 95.5 | ||
NBRC 13000T | AB184249 | 98.66 | 99.9 | ||
NBRC 15423T | AB184670 | 98.66 | 99.0 |
List of hits from the EZbiocloud 16S database.
A Bayesian phylogenetic tree was constructed in order to establish the taxonomic position of
Phylogenetic tree of the 16S rRNA gene of the airborne streptomycete.
Streptomycetes are an ecologically important group capable of producing diverse bioactive compounds. However, their taxonomy and diversity in air samples remain unknown. For almost two centuries the genus
Seventy percent of our planet is covered by the ocean but from one marine research project, there are 10 of terrestrial origin. Little is still known about marine biodiversity (including microorganisms) though their potential is extraordinary and needs to be fully studied and exploited. Mexico is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean, the Sea of Cortez (
In the present project, a total collection of 34 marine sediments or sponges were collected at RANP during two expeditions (December 2017 and January 2018). A selective isolation strategy using 11 of the marine sediments and two different media was developed following a previously reported study [24]. In order to isolate marine obligate and nonobligate actinobacteria, 1 g of wet sediments was transferred to tubes containing 9 mL of saline solution (0.9%; NaCl; Sigma-Aldrich, Mexico), four dilutions were prepared (10−1 to 10−4) and 100 μL (Gilson, France) of each dilution were spread onto marine GYM medium and 1:10 marine GYM medium (Appendix A); both media supplemented with Rifampicin [15, 25 and 50 μg/mL] and Nystatin (100 μg/mL). Plates were then aerobically incubated at 30°C (IncuMax IC-320, Amerex USA) for up to 16 weeks. Starting at week eight, the isolation plates were checked by eye looking for actinobacterial colonies. Once putative colonies were noticed each was then streaked in new GYM plates without antibiotics or antifungal compounds until an axenic culture was obtained. The conditions of incubation were as mentioned above. Because of the pressure set in the isolation strategy, not many microbes were able to grow but actinobacteria were successfully cultivated.
A preliminary test to quickly select marine obligate actinobacteria was carried out using marine GYM medium (Figure 6A and C) and GYM medium (Figure 6B and D). A positive result was considered when nonmicrobial biomass was observed growing on the surface of GYM medium after 4 weeks of incubation (Figure 6B). The ones that presented growth only in the marine GYM medium were considered those marine obligate actinobacteria (Figure 6A). It should be pointed out, however, that we were also able to isolate nonobligate actinobacteria that showed the typical characteristics of members of the family Micromonosporaceae [32] (Figure 6C and D). Up to date there is only one genus that is considered halophile within the Phylum Actinobacteria, and this is
Screening of obligate and nonobligate marine actinobacteria.
The molecular identification using the 16S rRNA gene of obligate and nonobligate marine actinobacteria confirmed that they belong to the genera
Code of microorganism | Identity (%) | Hit taxonomy | Accesion |
---|---|---|---|
C114 col. 1 | 99 | GD145235.1 | |
C60 b bca col. 1 | 100 | MH299440.1 | |
C60a col. 3 | 100 | KX394599.1 | |
C60 col. 4 | 99 | KX394598.1 | |
C72 col. 2 | 100 | AG506245.1 | |
C134 col. 4 | 99 | CF133005.1 |
Taxonomic identification of some of the obligate and nonobligate marine actinobacteria from RANP.
To isolate obligate and nonobligate marine actinobacteria from the sponge samples, five different species of
Strategy to isolate actinobacteria from six marine sponges.
Starting at week eight, the isolation plates were checked by eye looking for actinobacterial colonies (Figure 8). Once putative colonies were selected they were streaked in new GYM plates until axenic culture were obtained. The conditions of incubation were the same as mentioned before.
Morphology of the marine obligate actinobacteria.
The preliminary test to select marine obligate actinobacteria was carried out as mentioned previously. Obligate marine actinobacteria (Figure 9A) were isolated from
Morphology of obligate and nonobligate marine actinobacteria.
We isolated marine obligate actinobacteria that were preliminarily assigned to the genus
The microbial communities of marine obligate and nonobligate actinobacteria associated with marine sediments remain poorly characterized [34] and we must continue searching for these gifted microorganisms [35]. Culture-dependent methods captured approximately 3% of the total count of the microbes and in some reports around 39 genera have been only detected in culture. The latter shows the importance to carry out/improve, innovative and original selective isolation techniques since these may be more effective than previously recognized.
Soil is one of the most complex ecosystems on Earth and its amount of organic matter, mineral composition, and diversity of microorganisms will determine its ecology. There are different kinds of soils but in general, those with less anthropogenic impact will be richer in microorganisms. Mexico encompasses 26 types of soil out of the 32 recognized in the world [36, 37] and this is due to several causes, namely: (1) the complexity of the topography originated from the volcanic activity in the Cenozoic Era, (2) the wide altitudinal gradient (from 0 to 5, 600 m.a.s.l.), (3) by the five main climates present according to the Köppen classification [38], (4) the enormous diversity of landscapes present and, finally (5) the different kind of rocks that the Mexican territory enclose. It is well recognized that actinobacteria are abundant in soils and that they play an important role in the degradation and recycling of organic matter. Soil microorganisms have a remarkable ability to produce compounds with biological activity such as antibiotics, and historically this has been exemplified by streptomycin which is produced by a streptomycete named
Mexico encompasses nearly 4, 000 insular regions of outstanding natural beauty, their biodiversity is remarked by high number of endemism (plants and animals) and most of these regions are federal protected. Revillagigedo Archipelago National Park (RANP) [39] encompasses four tropical volcanic Islands: (1) Socorro, (2) Clarion, (3) San Benedicto, and (4) Roca Partida. The RANP is considered as one of the best-preserved areas in the world.
In the present project, soil samples were collected at five different sites of Socorro Island (SI) (Figure 10) in 2016 and 2017, respectively (Table 3). A selective isolation strategy using five soil samples and three different media was developed in order to isolate actinobacteria. One gram of each soil was transferred to tubes containing 9 mL of saline solution (0.9%; NaCl; Sigma-Aldrich, Mexico). Modified Pikovskaya agar (Appendix A), GYM without antibiotics or antifungal compounds, and marine GYM supplemented with Rifampicin [5 μg/mL] and Nystatin (100 μg/mL) were used as isolation media. The dilutions used for modified Pikovskaya and marine GYM were 10−1 to 10−4 and for GYM 10−6 to 10−8. One hundred microliters (Gilson, France) of each dilution were spread in the media and then aerobically incubated at 30°C (IncuMax IC-320, Amerex USA) for up to 4 weeks.
Sites of sampling in Socorro Island.
Code of sampling site | Name of sampling site | Meter of above sea level (masl) | Date of sampling | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | Camping place | South of Socorro Island | 450 | 25 | December 2016 |
S2 | Cave | 550 | 28 | ||
S3 | North camping place | North of Socorro Island | 941 | 30 | |
S4 | Everman volcano | South East of Everman volcano | 850 | 3 | January 2017 |
S5 | Parrot camping place | 600 |
General information of the sampling sites.
The isolation plates were checked by eye looking for actinobacteria and selected colonies were streaked in new GYM media plates until axenic cultures were obtained (Figure 11). The conditions of incubation were the same as mentioned above. The cultivable actinobacteria diversity was remarkable but only 215 isolates were selected from the isolation plates. Eighty-six isolates presented morphological differentiation based on aerial hyphae and spore mass so that they were considered as streptomycetes (Figure 12).
Isolation plate (a), selected actinobacteria (b), and axenic culture (c).
Morphological diversity of actinobacteria from Socorro Island soils.
Molecular identification using the 16S rRNA gene of 10 selected strains morphologically resembling streptomycetes confirmed that they indeed belong to this extensive and important genus (Table 4). The phylogenetic tree constructed using five of sequences of the selected strains showed that they are different amongst them and from those more related
Code of microorganism | Hit taxonomy | Identity (%) |
---|---|---|
C1-S1-1 | 99 | |
C10-S2-14 | ||
C67-S2-1 | ||
C43-S3-1 | ||
C43-S3-2 | ||
C58-S5-2 | ||
C59-S5-1 | ||
C59-S5-2 | ||
C27-S4-3 | ||
C57-S5-1 |
Preliminary identification of selected streptomycetes from the different sites.
Phylogenetic tree of the 16S rRNA gene selected streptomycetes isolates.
Soil actinobacteria, particularly
More than two centuries of work to isolate actinobacteria from natural resources have ended in major discoveries, academic contributions, and important recognitions. Novel actinobacteria represent the entree of new natural compounds of significant importance. For more than 15 years our research group has developed and applied selective isolation strategies exploring distinct natural unexplored sites or less studied ecological niches in Mexico. To avoid the isolation of the “same bugs,” it is needed to use different selective isolation strategies, pre-treatments of the environmental sample, supplementation of the media with a specific concentration of antibiotics and antifungal compounds while carefully selecting the target organisms.
The results presented in this chapter support the proposal that the isolation of microorganisms is not “
Actinobacteria is one most of the diverse and complex groups of bacteria and produces more than 80% of the antibiotics used in medicine today. Their ability to produce novel natural compounds, such as antibiotics and novel cancer compounds is widely recognized. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) there is an urgent need to discover novel antibiotics for priority pathogenic bacteria and emerging pathogenic organisms [43] and the first step to respond and to contribute with this global initiative is to isolate novel actinobacteria. To our knowledge, our reports here are one of the few research projects in our country that are dedicated to study the ecological role and the genetic potential of novel actinobacteria from unexplored sites or less studied ecological niches in Mexico.
Our research was supported by Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN)—Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado (SIP), Grants SIP 20170432, 20170434, 20170410, 20181167, 20181528, 20181803, 20196605, 20196630, 20196649, 20201026, 20201893, 20202083, 20210987, 20211209, and 20211740. L.C.-C. was supported by a Ph.D. Scholarship from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT, Mexico) no. 270230 and Beca de Estímulo Institucional de Formación de Investigadores Program (BEIFI-IPN). ETQ, CJHG and JCCD acknowledge Comisión de Operación y Fomento de Actividades Académicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (COFAA), Estímulo al Desempeño de los Investigadores (EDI) and Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (SNI-CONACYT) fellowships. A.A-V ackcnowledges a Mexican Postdoctoral Scholarship Program 3 and 4, Program 4, 2020–2021 and Program 1 and 2, Program 2, 2021–2022 (CONACyT, Mexico).
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Glucose Yeast Malt Extract Agar -GYM medium- (DSM medium 65) | |
---|---|
Dextrose (Bacto™, BD) | 4 g |
Yeast extract (Bacto™, BD) | 4 g |
Malt extract (Bacto™, BD) | 10 g |
Calcium carbonate (SIGMA-ALDRICH) | 2 g |
Agar (Bacto™, BD) | 12 g |
Distilled water | 1000 mL |
pH 7.2 |
Marine media was prepared by replacing distilled water with artificial seawater (Ocean™). 1:10 marine GYM medium was prepared using an aliquot of marine GYM. All the media was sterilized at 121°C, 1.5 Lb. for 15 min.
Reagents | Volume |
---|---|
10× DNA polymerase buffer [50 mM stock solution] (Bioline, USA) | 5 μL |
MgCl2 [50 mM] (Bioline, USA) | 1.5 μL |
dNTPs [10 mM stock mixture] (Bioline, USA) | 1.25 μL |
Primer 27f [20 μM stock solution] (Invitrogen) | 0.5 μL |
Primer 1525r [20 μM stock solution] (Invitrogen) | 0.5 μL |
DNA [100 ng/μL] | 1 μL |
Taq polymerase [5 U] (Bioline, USA) | 1 Unit |
Ultra-pure Milli-Q water | Up to 50 μL |
Amplification was achieved using a Techno 512 gradient PCR machine.
All publications on this website are published under the Open Access model, without any subscription, registration, or access fees required from the user or his/her institution. In accordance with the Budapest Open Access Initiative's (BOAI) definition of Open Access, users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, and link to the full text versions of all Chapters. To read more about our Open Access Statement click here.
\n\nFor Editorial Policies for journals please consult individual journal pages.
',metaTitle:"Editorial policies",metaDescription:"Editorial policies",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"/page/editorial-policies",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"All published Book Chapters are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Monographs are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license granted to all others. Our Copyright Policy aims to guarantee that original material is published while at the same time giving significant freedom to our Authors. IntechOpen upholds a flexible Copyright Policy meaning that there is no copyright transfer to the publisher and Authors hold exclusive copyright to their work.
\\n\\n\\n\\nWith the purpose of protecting our Authors' copyright and the transparent reuse of Open Access content, IntechOpen has developed an Attribution Policy for works published under Creative Commons licenses.
\\n\\n\\n\\nIntechOpen is committed to disseminating high-quality scientific research in a manner that exemplifies the best practice in scholarly publishing. IntechOpen is an official member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), which advocates the maintenance of the highest ethical standards for all parties involved in the act of publishing, including Authors, Academic Editors of the book, Peer Reviewers, the publisher and Societies, where applicable.
\\n\\nIn line with publication ethics practices recommended by COPE, ICMJE, and other similar organizations, IntechOpen's contributing Authors, Academic Editors, and Peer Reviewers are required to declare fully all possible conflicts of interest.
\\n\\n\\n\\nIntechOpen's Authorship Policy is based on ICMJE criteria for authorship. In order to be identified as an Author, the following requirements must be met:
\\n\\nAll scientific works are subject to Peer Review prior to publishing. IntechOpen is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and all participating referees and Academic Editors are expected to review submitted scientific works in line with the COPE Ethical Guidelines for Peer Reviewers where applicable.
\\n\\n\\n\\nThe Internet has changed the dynamics of scholarly communication and publishing which is why we find it necessary to clearly indicate our stance on what we consider to be a published scientific work. A significant number of working papers, early drafts, and similar works in progress are shared openly online between members of the scientific community. It has become common practice for researchers to announce their work on a personal website or a blog in order to gather comments and suggestions from other researchers. Such works and online postings are ‘published’ in the sense that they are made publicly available, but this does not mean that if submitted for publication by IntechOpen they are not original works. We differentiate between reviewed and non-reviewed works when determining whether a work is original and has been published in a scholarly sense or not.
\\n\\n\\n\\nTo identify instances of fraud and misconduct during the publishing process, IntechOpen implements a robust policy governing such occurrences. In line with our general commitment to openness, and in order to maintain the highest scientific standards, we are committed to transparency about our editorial policy regarding retractions and corrections.
\\n\\n\\n\\nWhen faced with potential misconduct, IntechOpen accepts its responsibility to maintain the integrity of the academic record. For particularly complex cases, IntechOpen might ask for the assistance of formal industry bodies or seek advice from an appropriate team of advisors.
\\n\\nIntechOpen's advisors are professionals and scholars with broad knowledge and understanding of different aspects of the scientific publishing process: editorial, authorship, and reviewing roles; publication ethics, copyright, and general legal issues; as well as bibliographic and technical standards.
\\n\\nIn order to provide us with unbiased insights, without compromising the privacy of third parties, IntechOpen presents problematic cases to its advisors in an anonymized format.
\\n\\nIntechOpen publishes books in the English language. If you are interested in the translation of Book Chapters, please check IntechOpen's Translation Policy.
\\n\\n\\n\\nIn line with the Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing, you can access a more detailed description of IntechOpen's Advertising Policy.
\\n\\n\\n\\nAt IntechOpen we realize that exceptional circumstances can occur, resulting in a request for a refund. We will honor all justified requests in the specific instances outlined in our Refund Policy.
\\n\\n\\n\\nAll chapters will be published via IntechOpen's 'Online First' service meaning chapters will be published individually, immediately after review and before the entire book is ready for publication, allowing content to be shared, searched and cited straightaway, thereby generating early stage interest and momentum for your research
\\n\\nOnline First Chapters are considered published on the day they are posted and are citable from that date.
\\n\\nChapters will remain listed as Online First until the final versions of the books are published online. Following publication of the full monograph, Chapters will be redirected from the Online First version and will be available only through the final link of the official published page.
\\n\\nYou are invited to download, use, reproduce, make derivative works of, display, distribute and cite the Online First works. You can find "How to Cite and Reference" by following the link at the end of each online book chapter. Please be aware that it is possible that further editing and changes might be made before the final release of the book.
\\n\\nIf there are supplemental materials to the chapter, these will be published at the time the final book is published online.
\\n\\nReaders and Authors can notify us if they find any errors in the works published under Online First. All major errors will be accompanied by a separate correction notice, erratum or corrigendum (Retraction and Correction Policy.)
\\n\\nIntechOpen books are available online by accessing all published content on a chapter level.
\\n\\n\\n\\nIntechOpen publishes different types of publications.
\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'
All published Book Chapters are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Monographs are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license granted to all others. Our Copyright Policy aims to guarantee that original material is published while at the same time giving significant freedom to our Authors. IntechOpen upholds a flexible Copyright Policy meaning that there is no copyright transfer to the publisher and Authors hold exclusive copyright to their work.
\n\n\n\nWith the purpose of protecting our Authors' copyright and the transparent reuse of Open Access content, IntechOpen has developed an Attribution Policy for works published under Creative Commons licenses.
\n\n\n\nIntechOpen is committed to disseminating high-quality scientific research in a manner that exemplifies the best practice in scholarly publishing. IntechOpen is an official member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), which advocates the maintenance of the highest ethical standards for all parties involved in the act of publishing, including Authors, Academic Editors of the book, Peer Reviewers, the publisher and Societies, where applicable.
\n\nIn line with publication ethics practices recommended by COPE, ICMJE, and other similar organizations, IntechOpen's contributing Authors, Academic Editors, and Peer Reviewers are required to declare fully all possible conflicts of interest.
\n\n\n\nIntechOpen's Authorship Policy is based on ICMJE criteria for authorship. In order to be identified as an Author, the following requirements must be met:
\n\nAll scientific works are subject to Peer Review prior to publishing. IntechOpen is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and all participating referees and Academic Editors are expected to review submitted scientific works in line with the COPE Ethical Guidelines for Peer Reviewers where applicable.
\n\n\n\nThe Internet has changed the dynamics of scholarly communication and publishing which is why we find it necessary to clearly indicate our stance on what we consider to be a published scientific work. A significant number of working papers, early drafts, and similar works in progress are shared openly online between members of the scientific community. It has become common practice for researchers to announce their work on a personal website or a blog in order to gather comments and suggestions from other researchers. Such works and online postings are ‘published’ in the sense that they are made publicly available, but this does not mean that if submitted for publication by IntechOpen they are not original works. We differentiate between reviewed and non-reviewed works when determining whether a work is original and has been published in a scholarly sense or not.
\n\n\n\nTo identify instances of fraud and misconduct during the publishing process, IntechOpen implements a robust policy governing such occurrences. In line with our general commitment to openness, and in order to maintain the highest scientific standards, we are committed to transparency about our editorial policy regarding retractions and corrections.
\n\n\n\nWhen faced with potential misconduct, IntechOpen accepts its responsibility to maintain the integrity of the academic record. For particularly complex cases, IntechOpen might ask for the assistance of formal industry bodies or seek advice from an appropriate team of advisors.
\n\nIntechOpen's advisors are professionals and scholars with broad knowledge and understanding of different aspects of the scientific publishing process: editorial, authorship, and reviewing roles; publication ethics, copyright, and general legal issues; as well as bibliographic and technical standards.
\n\nIn order to provide us with unbiased insights, without compromising the privacy of third parties, IntechOpen presents problematic cases to its advisors in an anonymized format.
\n\nIntechOpen publishes books in the English language. If you are interested in the translation of Book Chapters, please check IntechOpen's Translation Policy.
\n\n\n\nIn line with the Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing, you can access a more detailed description of IntechOpen's Advertising Policy.
\n\n\n\nAt IntechOpen we realize that exceptional circumstances can occur, resulting in a request for a refund. We will honor all justified requests in the specific instances outlined in our Refund Policy.
\n\n\n\nAll chapters will be published via IntechOpen's 'Online First' service meaning chapters will be published individually, immediately after review and before the entire book is ready for publication, allowing content to be shared, searched and cited straightaway, thereby generating early stage interest and momentum for your research
\n\nOnline First Chapters are considered published on the day they are posted and are citable from that date.
\n\nChapters will remain listed as Online First until the final versions of the books are published online. Following publication of the full monograph, Chapters will be redirected from the Online First version and will be available only through the final link of the official published page.
\n\nYou are invited to download, use, reproduce, make derivative works of, display, distribute and cite the Online First works. You can find "How to Cite and Reference" by following the link at the end of each online book chapter. Please be aware that it is possible that further editing and changes might be made before the final release of the book.
\n\nIf there are supplemental materials to the chapter, these will be published at the time the final book is published online.
\n\nReaders and Authors can notify us if they find any errors in the works published under Online First. All major errors will be accompanied by a separate correction notice, erratum or corrigendum (Retraction and Correction Policy.)
\n\nIntechOpen books are available online by accessing all published content on a chapter level.
\n\n\n\nIntechOpen publishes different types of publications.
\n\n\n\n\n'}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{},profiles:[{id:"396",title:"Dr.",name:"Vedran",middleName:null,surname:"Kordic",slug:"vedran-kordic",fullName:"Vedran Kordic",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/396/images/7281_n.png",biography:"After obtaining his Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering he continued his education at the Vienna University of Technology where he obtained his PhD degree in 2004. He worked as a researcher at the Automation and Control Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology until 2008. His studies in robotics lead him not only to a PhD degree but also inspired him to co-found and build the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems - world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"441",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Jaekyu",middleName:null,surname:"Park",slug:"jaekyu-park",fullName:"Jaekyu Park",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/441/images/1881_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"LG Corporation (South Korea)",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"465",title:"Dr.",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Martens",slug:"christian-martens",fullName:"Christian Martens",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Rheinmetall (Germany)",country:{name:"Germany"}}},{id:"479",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",middleName:null,surname:"Colla",slug:"valentina-colla",fullName:"Valentina Colla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/479/images/358_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies",country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"494",title:"PhD",name:"Loris",middleName:null,surname:"Nanni",slug:"loris-nanni",fullName:"Loris Nanni",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/494/images/system/494.jpg",biography:"Loris Nanni received his Master Degree cum laude on June-2002 from the University of Bologna, and the April 26th 2006 he received his Ph.D. in Computer Engineering at DEIS, University of Bologna. On September, 29th 2006 he has won a post PhD fellowship from the university of Bologna (from October 2006 to October 2008), at the competitive examination he was ranked first in the industrial engineering area. He extensively served as referee for several international journals. He is author/coauthor of more than 100 research papers. He has been involved in some projects supported by MURST and European Community. His research interests include pattern recognition, bioinformatics, and biometric systems (fingerprint classification and recognition, signature verification, face recognition).",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"496",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Leon",slug:"carlos-leon",fullName:"Carlos Leon",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Seville",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"512",title:"Dr.",name:"Dayang",middleName:null,surname:"Jawawi",slug:"dayang-jawawi",fullName:"Dayang Jawawi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Technology Malaysia",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"528",title:"Dr.",name:"Kresimir",middleName:null,surname:"Delac",slug:"kresimir-delac",fullName:"Kresimir Delac",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/528/images/system/528.jpg",biography:"K. Delac received his B.Sc.E.E. degree in 2003 and is currentlypursuing a Ph.D. degree at the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering andComputing. His current research interests are digital image analysis, pattern recognition andbiometrics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Zagreb",country:{name:"Croatia"}}},{id:"557",title:"Dr.",name:"Andon",middleName:"Venelinov",surname:"Topalov",slug:"andon-topalov",fullName:"Andon Topalov",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/557/images/1927_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Andon V. Topalov received the MSc degree in Control Engineering from the Faculty of Information Systems, Technologies, and Automation at Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGGU) in 1979. He then received his PhD degree in Control Engineering from the Department of Automation and Remote Control at Moscow State Mining University (MGSU), Moscow, in 1984. From 1985 to 1986, he was a Research Fellow in the Research Institute for Electronic Equipment, ZZU AD, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. In 1986, he joined the Department of Control Systems, Technical University of Sofia at the Plovdiv campus, where he is presently a Full Professor. He has held long-term visiting Professor/Scholar positions at various institutions in South Korea, Turkey, Mexico, Greece, Belgium, UK, and Germany. And he has coauthored one book and authored or coauthored more than 80 research papers in conference proceedings and journals. His current research interests are in the fields of intelligent control and robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Technical University of Sofia",country:{name:"Bulgaria"}}},{id:"585",title:"Prof.",name:"Munir",middleName:null,surname:"Merdan",slug:"munir-merdan",fullName:"Munir Merdan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/585/images/system/585.jpg",biography:"Munir Merdan received the M.Sc. degree in mechanical engineering from the Technical University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, in 2009.Since 2005, he has been at the Automation and Control Institute, Vienna University of Technology, where he is currently a Senior Researcher. His research interests include the application of agent technology for achieving agile control in the manufacturing environment.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"605",title:"Prof",name:"Dil",middleName:null,surname:"Hussain",slug:"dil-hussain",fullName:"Dil Hussain",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/605/images/system/605.jpg",biography:"Dr. Dil Muhammad Akbar Hussain is a professor of Electronics Engineering & Computer Science at the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University Denmark. Professor Akbar has a Master degree in Digital Electronics from Govt. College University, Lahore Pakistan and a P-hD degree in Control Engineering from the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Sussex United Kingdom. Aalborg University has Two Satellite Campuses, one in Copenhagen (Aalborg University Copenhagen) and the other in Esbjerg (Aalborg University Esbjerg).\n· He is a member of prestigious IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and IAENG (International Association of Engineers) organizations. \n· He is the chief Editor of the Journal of Software Engineering.\n· He is the member of the Editorial Board of International Journal of Computer Science and Software Technology (IJCSST) and International Journal of Computer Engineering and Information Technology. \n· He is also the Editor of Communication in Computer and Information Science CCIS-20 by Springer.\n· Reviewer For Many Conferences\nHe is the lead person in making collaboration agreements between Aalborg University and many universities of Pakistan, for which the MOU’s (Memorandum of Understanding) have been signed.\nProfessor Akbar is working in Academia since 1990, he started his career as a Lab demonstrator/TA at the University of Sussex. After finishing his P. hD degree in 1992, he served in the Industry as a Scientific Officer and continued his academic career as a visiting scholar for a number of educational institutions. In 1996 he joined National University of Science & Technology Pakistan (NUST) as an Associate Professor; NUST is one of the top few universities in Pakistan. In 1999 he joined an International Company Lineo Inc, Canada as Manager Compiler Group, where he headed the group for developing Compiler Tool Chain and Porting of Operating Systems for the BLACKfin processor. The processor development was a joint venture by Intel and Analog Devices. In 2002 Lineo Inc., was taken over by another company, so he joined Aalborg University Denmark as an Assistant Professor.\nProfessor Akbar has truly a multi-disciplined career and he continued his legacy and making progress in many areas of his interests both in teaching and research. He has contributed in stochastic estimation of control area especially, in the Multiple Target Tracking and Interactive Multiple Model (IMM) research, Ball & Beam Control Problem, Robotics, Levitation Control. He has contributed in developing Algorithms for Fingerprint Matching, Computer Vision and Face Recognition. He has been supervising Pattern Recognition, Formal Languages and Distributed Processing projects for several years. He has reviewed many books on Management, Computer Science. Currently, he is an active and permanent reviewer for many international conferences and symposia and the program committee member for many international conferences.\nIn teaching he has taught the core computer science subjects like, Digital Design, Real Time Embedded System Programming, Operating Systems, Software Engineering, Data Structures, Databases, Compiler Construction. In the Engineering side, Digital Signal Processing, Computer Architecture, Electronics Devices, Digital Filtering and Engineering Management.\nApart from his Academic Interest and activities he loves sport especially, Cricket, Football, Snooker and Squash. He plays cricket for Esbjerg city in the second division team as an opener wicket keeper batsman. He is a very good player of squash but has not played squash since his arrival in Denmark.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"611",title:"Prof.",name:"T",middleName:null,surname:"Nagarajan",slug:"t-nagarajan",fullName:"T Nagarajan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Teknologi Petronas",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:13389},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:11662},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:4168},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:22333},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:2019},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:33644}],offset:12,limit:12,total:135278},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{},books:[{type:"book",id:"9985",title:"Geostatistics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"423cb3896195a618c4acb493ce4fd23d",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Jeffrey M. Yarus, Dr. Marko Maucec, Dr. Timothy C. Coburn and Associate Prof. Michael Pyrcz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9985.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"78011",title:"Prof.",name:"Jeffrey M.",surname:"Yarus",slug:"jeffrey-m.-yarus",fullName:"Jeffrey M. Yarus"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10845",title:"Marine Ecosystems - Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services and Human Impacts",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"727e7eb3d4ba529ec5eb4f150e078523",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Ana M.M. Marta Gonçalves",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10845.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"320124",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana M.M.",surname:"Gonçalves",slug:"ana-m.m.-goncalves",fullName:"Ana M.M. Gonçalves"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11027",title:"Basics of Hypoglycemia",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"98ebc1e36d02be82c204b8fd5d24f97a",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Alok Raghav",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11027.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"334465",title:"Dr.",name:"Alok",surname:"Raghav",slug:"alok-raghav",fullName:"Alok Raghav"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11124",title:"Next-Generation Textiles",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"093f9e26bb829b8d414d13626aea1086",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Hassan Ibrahim",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11124.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"90645",title:"Dr.",name:"Hassan",surname:"Ibrahim",slug:"hassan-ibrahim",fullName:"Hassan Ibrahim"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11369",title:"RNA Viruses Infection",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"52f8a3a1486912beae40b34ac557fed3",slug:null,bookSignature:"Ph.D. Yogendra Shah",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11369.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"278914",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Yogendra",surname:"Shah",slug:"yogendra-shah",fullName:"Yogendra Shah"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11433",title:"Human Migration in the Last Three Centuries",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"9836df9e82aa9f82e3852a60204909a8",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Ingrid Muenstermann",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11433.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"77112",title:"Dr.",name:"Ingrid",surname:"Muenstermann",slug:"ingrid-muenstermann",fullName:"Ingrid Muenstermann"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11438",title:"Fake News in the Era of Global Crises",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"5f61f975031e13ee705d8b5853f1aa58",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. David Eller",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11438.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"476616",title:"Dr.",name:"Jack",surname:"Eller",slug:"jack-eller",fullName:"Jack Eller"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11447",title:"Swarm Intelligence - Recent Advances and Current Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"f68e3c3430a74fc7a7eb97f6ea2bb42e",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11447.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"24555",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco Antonio",surname:"Aceves Fernandez",slug:"marco-antonio-aceves-fernandez",fullName:"Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11452",title:"Cryopreservation - Applications and Challenges",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"a6c3fd4384ff7deeab32fc82722c60e0",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Marian Quain",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11452.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"300385",title:"Dr.",name:"Marian",surname:"Quain",slug:"marian-quain",fullName:"Marian Quain"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11456",title:"Autonomous Mobile Mapping Robots",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"405e1f7c0ef62700f4d590722cf428be",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Janusz Bȩdkowski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11456.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"63695",title:"Dr.",name:"Janusz",surname:"Bȩdkowski",slug:"janusz-bdkowski",fullName:"Janusz Bȩdkowski"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11459",title:"Soft Robotics - Recent Advances and Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"06e947238d5d4ea1162509a5d66de887",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Mahmut Reyhanoglu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11459.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"15068",title:"Dr.",name:"Mahmut",surname:"Reyhanoglu",slug:"mahmut-reyhanoglu",fullName:"Mahmut Reyhanoglu"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11464",title:"Carbon Nanotubes - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Potential Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"ce526ec78ed00c4f5f08ffb4548ff388",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Mohammed Muzibur Rahman, Dr. Abdullah Mohammed Ahmed Asiri and Prof. Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11464.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"24438",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed Muzibur",surname:"Rahman",slug:"mohammed-muzibur-rahman",fullName:"Mohammed Muzibur Rahman"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:22},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:15},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:18},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:37},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:5},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:15},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:62},{group:"topic",caption:"Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials",value:17,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:5},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:5},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:2}],offset:12,limit:12,total:468},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"7827",title:"Interpersonal Relationships",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ebf41f4d17c75010eb3294cc8cac3d47",slug:"interpersonal-relationships",bookSignature:"Martha Peaslee Levine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7827.jpg",editors:[{id:"186919",title:"Dr.",name:"Martha",middleName:null,surname:"Peaslee Levine",slug:"martha-peaslee-levine",fullName:"Martha Peaslee Levine"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10808",title:"Current Concepts in Dental Implantology",subtitle:"From Science to Clinical Research",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4af8830e463f89c57515c2da2b9777b0",slug:"current-concepts-in-dental-implantology-from-science-to-clinical-research",bookSignature:"Dragana Gabrić and Marko Vuletić",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10808.jpg",editors:[{id:"26946",title:"Prof.",name:"Dragana",middleName:null,surname:"Gabrić",slug:"dragana-gabric",fullName:"Dragana Gabrić"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10796",title:"Extracellular Vesicles",subtitle:"Role in Diseases, Pathogenesis and Therapy",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"eb5407fcf93baff7bca3fae5640153a2",slug:"extracellular-vesicles-role-in-diseases-pathogenesis-and-therapy",bookSignature:"Manash K. Paul",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10796.jpg",editors:[{id:"319365",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Manash K.",middleName:null,surname:"Paul",slug:"manash-k.-paul",fullName:"Manash K. Paul"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10908",title:"Advances in Decision Making",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"126486f7f91e18e2e3539a32c38be7b1",slug:"advances-in-decision-making",bookSignature:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10908.jpg",editors:[{id:"22844",title:"Prof.",name:"Fausto Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"García Márquez",slug:"fausto-pedro-garcia-marquez",fullName:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"95",title:"Applications and Experiences of Quality Control",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4bcb22b1eee68210a977a97d5a0f363a",slug:"applications-and-experiences-of-quality-control",bookSignature:"Ognyan Ivanov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/95.jpg",editors:[{id:"22230",title:"Prof.",name:"Ognyan",middleName:null,surname:"Ivanov",slug:"ognyan-ivanov",fullName:"Ognyan Ivanov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"2160",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications - Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dd9c658341fbd264ed4f8d9e6aa8ca29",slug:"matlab-a-fundamental-tool-for-scientific-computing-and-engineering-applications-volume-1",bookSignature:"Vasilios N. Katsikis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2160.jpg",editors:[{id:"12289",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasilios",middleName:"N.",surname:"Katsikis",slug:"vasilios-katsikis",fullName:"Vasilios Katsikis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3560",title:"Advances in Landscape Architecture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a20614517ec5f7e91188fe8e42832138",slug:"advances-in-landscape-architecture",bookSignature:"Murat Özyavuz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3560.jpg",editors:[{id:"93073",title:"Dr.",name:"Murat",middleName:null,surname:"Ozyavuz",slug:"murat-ozyavuz",fullName:"Murat Ozyavuz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10739",title:"Global Decline of Insects",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"543783652b9092962a8fa4bed38eeb17",slug:"global-decline-of-insects",bookSignature:"Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10739.jpg",editors:[{id:"192142",title:"Dr.",name:"Hamadttu",middleName:null,surname:"Abdel Farag El-Shafie",slug:"hamadttu-abdel-farag-el-shafie",fullName:"Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10911",title:"Higher Education",subtitle:"New Approaches to Accreditation, Digitalization, and Globalization in the Age of Covid",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"223a02337498e535e967174c1f648fbc",slug:"higher-education-new-approaches-to-accreditation-digitalization-and-globalization-in-the-age-of-covid",bookSignature:"Lee Waller and Sharon Waller",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10911.jpg",editors:[{id:"263301",title:"Dr.",name:"Lee",middleName:null,surname:"Waller",slug:"lee-waller",fullName:"Lee Waller"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3568",title:"Recent Advances in Plant in vitro Culture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"830bbb601742c85a3fb0eeafe1454c43",slug:"recent-advances-in-plant-in-vitro-culture",bookSignature:"Annarita Leva and Laura M. R. Rinaldi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3568.jpg",editors:[{id:"142145",title:"Dr.",name:"Annarita",middleName:null,surname:"Leva",slug:"annarita-leva",fullName:"Annarita Leva"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3737",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"Modelling, Programming and Simulations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"matlab-modelling-programming-and-simulations",bookSignature:"Emilson Pereira Leite",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3737.jpg",editors:[{id:"12051",title:"Prof.",name:"Emilson",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira Leite",slug:"emilson-pereira-leite",fullName:"Emilson Pereira Leite"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"1770",title:"Gel Electrophoresis",subtitle:"Principles and Basics",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"279701f6c802cf02deef45103e0611ff",slug:"gel-electrophoresis-principles-and-basics",bookSignature:"Sameh Magdeldin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1770.jpg",editors:[{id:"123648",title:"Dr.",name:"Sameh",middleName:null,surname:"Magdeldin",slug:"sameh-magdeldin",fullName:"Sameh Magdeldin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:4797},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"7827",title:"Interpersonal Relationships",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ebf41f4d17c75010eb3294cc8cac3d47",slug:"interpersonal-relationships",bookSignature:"Martha Peaslee Levine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7827.jpg",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",numberOfDownloads:7175,editors:[{id:"186919",title:"Dr.",name:"Martha",middleName:null,surname:"Peaslee Levine",slug:"martha-peaslee-levine",fullName:"Martha Peaslee Levine"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10808",title:"Current Concepts in Dental Implantology",subtitle:"From Science to Clinical Research",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4af8830e463f89c57515c2da2b9777b0",slug:"current-concepts-in-dental-implantology-from-science-to-clinical-research",bookSignature:"Dragana Gabrić and Marko Vuletić",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10808.jpg",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1981,editors:[{id:"26946",title:"Prof.",name:"Dragana",middleName:null,surname:"Gabrić",slug:"dragana-gabric",fullName:"Dragana Gabrić"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10796",title:"Extracellular Vesicles",subtitle:"Role in Diseases, Pathogenesis and Therapy",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"eb5407fcf93baff7bca3fae5640153a2",slug:"extracellular-vesicles-role-in-diseases-pathogenesis-and-therapy",bookSignature:"Manash K. Paul",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10796.jpg",publishedDate:"July 20th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2308,editors:[{id:"319365",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Manash K.",middleName:null,surname:"Paul",slug:"manash-k.-paul",fullName:"Manash K. Paul"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10908",title:"Advances in Decision Making",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"126486f7f91e18e2e3539a32c38be7b1",slug:"advances-in-decision-making",bookSignature:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10908.jpg",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1473,editors:[{id:"22844",title:"Prof.",name:"Fausto Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"García Márquez",slug:"fausto-pedro-garcia-marquez",fullName:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"95",title:"Applications and Experiences of Quality Control",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4bcb22b1eee68210a977a97d5a0f363a",slug:"applications-and-experiences-of-quality-control",bookSignature:"Ognyan Ivanov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/95.jpg",publishedDate:"April 26th 2011",numberOfDownloads:318571,editors:[{id:"22230",title:"Prof.",name:"Ognyan",middleName:null,surname:"Ivanov",slug:"ognyan-ivanov",fullName:"Ognyan Ivanov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"2160",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications - Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dd9c658341fbd264ed4f8d9e6aa8ca29",slug:"matlab-a-fundamental-tool-for-scientific-computing-and-engineering-applications-volume-1",bookSignature:"Vasilios N. Katsikis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2160.jpg",publishedDate:"September 26th 2012",numberOfDownloads:271836,editors:[{id:"12289",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasilios",middleName:"N.",surname:"Katsikis",slug:"vasilios-katsikis",fullName:"Vasilios Katsikis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3560",title:"Advances in Landscape Architecture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a20614517ec5f7e91188fe8e42832138",slug:"advances-in-landscape-architecture",bookSignature:"Murat Özyavuz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3560.jpg",publishedDate:"July 1st 2013",numberOfDownloads:243450,editors:[{id:"93073",title:"Dr.",name:"Murat",middleName:null,surname:"Ozyavuz",slug:"murat-ozyavuz",fullName:"Murat Ozyavuz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10739",title:"Global Decline of Insects",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"543783652b9092962a8fa4bed38eeb17",slug:"global-decline-of-insects",bookSignature:"Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10739.jpg",publishedDate:"July 20th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1582,editors:[{id:"192142",title:"Dr.",name:"Hamadttu",middleName:null,surname:"Abdel Farag El-Shafie",slug:"hamadttu-abdel-farag-el-shafie",fullName:"Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10911",title:"Higher Education",subtitle:"New Approaches to Accreditation, Digitalization, and Globalization in the Age of Covid",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"223a02337498e535e967174c1f648fbc",slug:"higher-education-new-approaches-to-accreditation-digitalization-and-globalization-in-the-age-of-covid",bookSignature:"Lee Waller and Sharon Waller",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10911.jpg",publishedDate:"July 13th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2082,editors:[{id:"263301",title:"Dr.",name:"Lee",middleName:null,surname:"Waller",slug:"lee-waller",fullName:"Lee Waller"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3568",title:"Recent Advances in Plant in vitro Culture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"830bbb601742c85a3fb0eeafe1454c43",slug:"recent-advances-in-plant-in-vitro-culture",bookSignature:"Annarita Leva and Laura M. R. Rinaldi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3568.jpg",publishedDate:"October 17th 2012",numberOfDownloads:256294,editors:[{id:"142145",title:"Dr.",name:"Annarita",middleName:null,surname:"Leva",slug:"annarita-leva",fullName:"Annarita Leva"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10808",title:"Current Concepts in Dental Implantology",subtitle:"From Science to Clinical Research",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4af8830e463f89c57515c2da2b9777b0",slug:"current-concepts-in-dental-implantology-from-science-to-clinical-research",bookSignature:"Dragana Gabrić and Marko Vuletić",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10808.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"26946",title:"Prof.",name:"Dragana",middleName:null,surname:"Gabrić",slug:"dragana-gabric",fullName:"Dragana Gabrić"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11328",title:"Botulinum Toxin",subtitle:"Recent Topics and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7dd05a316001cef143e209eda51387a7",slug:"botulinum-toxin-recent-topics-and-applications",bookSignature:"Suna Sabuncuoglu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11328.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"270856",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Suna",middleName:null,surname:"Sabuncuoglu",slug:"suna-sabuncuoglu",fullName:"Suna Sabuncuoglu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11085",title:"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome",subtitle:"Functional Investigation and Clinical Application",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3066dd3ff29e1fac072fd60b08d4d3e7",slug:"polycystic-ovary-syndrome-functional-investigation-and-clinical-application",bookSignature:"Zhengchao Wang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11085.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"204883",title:"Dr.",name:"Zhengchao",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"zhengchao-wang",fullName:"Zhengchao Wang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10833",title:"Tumor Angiogenesis and Modulators",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f29b575c46128b2da061ef7f9bd1070b",slug:"tumor-angiogenesis-and-modulators",bookSignature:"Ke Xu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10833.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"59529",title:"Dr.",name:"Ke",middleName:null,surname:"Xu",slug:"ke-xu",fullName:"Ke Xu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11356",title:"Molecular Cloning",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"671c629dd86e97f0fb467b9e70e92296",slug:"molecular-cloning",bookSignature:"Sadık Dincer, Hatice Aysun Mercimek Takcı and Melis Sumengen Ozdenef",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11356.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"188141",title:"Prof.",name:"Sadik",middleName:null,surname:"Dincer",slug:"sadik-dincer",fullName:"Sadik Dincer"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7827",title:"Interpersonal Relationships",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ebf41f4d17c75010eb3294cc8cac3d47",slug:"interpersonal-relationships",bookSignature:"Martha Peaslee Levine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7827.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"186919",title:"Dr.",name:"Martha",middleName:null,surname:"Peaslee Levine",slug:"martha-peaslee-levine",fullName:"Martha Peaslee Levine"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10908",title:"Advances in Decision Making",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"126486f7f91e18e2e3539a32c38be7b1",slug:"advances-in-decision-making",bookSignature:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10908.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"22844",title:"Prof.",name:"Fausto Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"García Márquez",slug:"fausto-pedro-garcia-marquez",fullName:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10669",title:"Corrosion",subtitle:"Fundamentals and Protection Mechanisms",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4a76d54f8a40fc2e7002a8d13fd617c1",slug:"corrosion-fundamentals-and-protection-mechanisms",bookSignature:"Fahmina Zafar, Anujit Ghosal and Eram Sharmin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10669.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"89672",title:"Dr.",name:"Fahmina",middleName:null,surname:"Zafar",slug:"fahmina-zafar",fullName:"Fahmina Zafar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10677",title:"Advanced Topics of Topology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bf964c52f9e653fac20a7fcab58070e5",slug:"advanced-topics-of-topology",bookSignature:"Francisco Bulnes",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10677.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"92918",title:"Dr.",name:"Francisco",middleName:null,surname:"Bulnes",slug:"francisco-bulnes",fullName:"Francisco Bulnes"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11195",title:"Recent Advances in Biometrics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2d32e33e0f499cb5241734bb75dd2a83",slug:"recent-advances-in-biometrics",bookSignature:"Muhammad Sarfraz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11195.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"215610",title:"Prof.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Sarfraz",slug:"muhammad-sarfraz",fullName:"Muhammad Sarfraz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"88",title:"Communications and Security",slug:"communications-and-security",parent:{id:"9",title:"Computer and Information Science",slug:"computer-and-information-science"},numberOfBooks:73,numberOfSeries:0,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:1654,numberOfWosCitations:1687,numberOfCrossrefCitations:1440,numberOfDimensionsCitations:2591,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicId:"88",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"10452",title:"Computer-Mediated Communication",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ed2d494d96079740341956fe830814ac",slug:"computer-mediated-communication",bookSignature:"Indrakshi Dey",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10452.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"321151",title:"Dr.",name:"Indrakshi",middleName:null,surname:"Dey",slug:"indrakshi-dey",fullName:"Indrakshi Dey"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10518",title:"Cybersecurity Threats with New Perspectives",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"de548f0f3bdfd40d0e417d04782899e6",slug:"cybersecurity-threats-with-new-perspectives",bookSignature:"Muhammad Sarfraz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10518.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"215610",title:"Prof.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Sarfraz",slug:"muhammad-sarfraz",fullName:"Muhammad Sarfraz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10419",title:"Internet of Things",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b21e10fdf3ada7c3324502f1aaccbccb",slug:"internet-of-things",bookSignature:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10419.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"22844",title:"Prof.",name:"Fausto Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"García Márquez",slug:"fausto-pedro-garcia-marquez",fullName:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9173",title:"Moving Broadband Mobile Communications Forward",subtitle:"Intelligent Technologies for 5G and Beyond",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"650198e6e9da2a9a52d8e67b63ccd832",slug:"moving-broadband-mobile-communications-forward-intelligent-technologies-for-5g-and-beyond",bookSignature:"Abdelfatteh Haidine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9173.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"187242",title:"Dr.",name:"Abdelfatteh",middleName:null,surname:"Haidine",slug:"abdelfatteh-haidine",fullName:"Abdelfatteh Haidine"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9875",title:"Cryptography",subtitle:"Recent Advances and Future Developments",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"098a4a48ec67febadf70a5f705b66824",slug:"cryptography-recent-advances-and-future-developments",bookSignature:"Riccardo Bernardini",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9875.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"219317",title:"Prof.",name:"Riccardo",middleName:null,surname:"Bernardini",slug:"riccardo-bernardini",fullName:"Riccardo Bernardini"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9234",title:"Computer Security Threats",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"23d6de178880e547c39ec4e503777dcd",slug:"computer-security-threats",bookSignature:"Ciza Thomas, Paula Fraga-Lamas and Tiago M. Fernández-Caramés",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9234.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"43680",title:"Prof.",name:"Ciza",middleName:null,surname:"Thomas",slug:"ciza-thomas",fullName:"Ciza Thomas"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9219",title:"Recent Trends in Communication Networks",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"80b5339ac7ae4b7a91fd4e71b4d468e5",slug:"recent-trends-in-communication-networks",bookSignature:"Pinaki Mitra",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9219.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"89103",title:"Prof.",name:"Pinaki",middleName:null,surname:"Mitra",slug:"pinaki-mitra",fullName:"Pinaki Mitra"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8368",title:"Computer and Network Security",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"40b3cd1cd3de504736186805106eed6b",slug:"computer-and-network-security",bookSignature:"Jaydip Sen",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8368.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4519",title:"Prof.",name:"Jaydip",middleName:null,surname:"Sen",slug:"jaydip-sen",fullName:"Jaydip Sen"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8678",title:"Mobile Computing",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3c2cf4e62010e495199b294278d852c4",slug:"mobile-computing",bookSignature:"Jesus Hamilton Ortiz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8678.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"283288",title:"Dr.",name:"Jesus Hamilton",middleName:null,surname:"Ortiz",slug:"jesus-hamilton-ortiz",fullName:"Jesus Hamilton Ortiz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7322",title:"Wireless Mesh Networks",subtitle:"Security, Architectures and Protocols",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"db5ab870ec11f9d4d1ebb54c7dd6e2bf",slug:"wireless-mesh-networks-security-architectures-and-protocols",bookSignature:"Mutamed Khatib and Samer Alsadi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7322.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"22273",title:"Dr.",name:"Mutamed",middleName:null,surname:"Khatib",slug:"mutamed-khatib",fullName:"Mutamed Khatib"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9384",title:"Intelligent System and Computing",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c4e591c1ee57d5c0bf5306010747e952",slug:"intelligent-system-and-computing",bookSignature:"Yang (Cindy) Yi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9384.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"239041",title:"Dr.",name:"Yang",middleName:null,surname:"Yi",slug:"yang-yi",fullName:"Yang Yi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7623",title:"Coding Theory",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"db1156342e3a1a46ff74cad035a3886b",slug:"coding-theory",bookSignature:"Sudhakar Radhakrishnan and Muhammad Sarfraz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7623.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"26327",title:"Dr.",name:"Sudhakar",middleName:null,surname:"Radhakrishnan",slug:"sudhakar-radhakrishnan",fullName:"Sudhakar Radhakrishnan"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"215610",title:"Prof.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Sarfraz",slug:"muhammad-sarfraz",fullName:"Muhammad Sarfraz",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/215610/images/system/215610.jpeg",biography:"Muhammad Sarfraz is a professor in the Department of Information Science, Kuwait University. His research interests include computer graphics, computer vision, image processing, machine learning, pattern recognition, soft computing, data science, intelligent systems, information technology, and information systems. Prof. Sarfraz has been a keynote/invited speaker on various platforms around the globe. He has advised various students for their MSc and Ph.D. theses. He has published more than 400 publications as books, journal articles, and conference papers. He is a member of various professional societies and a chair and member of the International Advisory Committees and Organizing Committees of various international conferences. Prof. Sarfraz is also an editor-in-chief and editor of various international journals.",institutionString:"Kuwait University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"5",institution:{name:"Kuwait University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Kuwait"}}},equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:73,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"9002",doi:"10.5772/7698",title:"Terrestrial Free-Space Optical Communications",slug:"terrestrial-free-space-optical-communications",totalDownloads:7748,totalCrossrefCites:13,totalDimensionsCites:98,abstract:null,book:{id:"3628",slug:"mobile-and-wireless-communications-network-layer-and-circuit-level-design",title:"Mobile and Wireless Communications",fullTitle:"Mobile and Wireless Communications Network Layer and Circuit Level Design"},signatures:"Ghassemlooy Z. and Popoola W. O.",authors:null},{id:"38793",doi:"10.5772/49376",title:"Overview of Wireless Sensor Network",slug:"overview-of-wireless-sensor-network",totalDownloads:12502,totalCrossrefCites:63,totalDimensionsCites:86,abstract:null,book:{id:"2211",slug:"wireless-sensor-networks-technology-and-protocols",title:"Wireless Sensor Networks",fullTitle:"Wireless Sensor Networks - Technology and Protocols"},signatures:"M.A. Matin and M.M. Islam",authors:[{id:"12623",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammad Abdul",middleName:"A",surname:"Matin",slug:"mohammad-abdul-matin",fullName:"Mohammad Abdul Matin"}]},{id:"12472",doi:"10.5772/13802",title:"Monitoring of Human Movements for Fall Detection and Activities Recognition in Elderly Care Using Wireless Sensor Network: a Survey",slug:"monitoring-of-human-movements-for-fall-detection-and-activities-recognition-in-elderly-care-using-wi",totalDownloads:15344,totalCrossrefCites:41,totalDimensionsCites:65,abstract:null,book:{id:"135",slug:"wireless-sensor-networks-application-centric-design",title:"Wireless Sensor Networks",fullTitle:"Wireless Sensor Networks: Application - Centric Design"},signatures:"Stefano Abbate, Marco Avvenuti, Paolo Corsini, Janet Light and Alessio Vecchio",authors:[{id:"14025",title:"MSc.",name:"Stefano",middleName:null,surname:"Abbate",slug:"stefano-abbate",fullName:"Stefano Abbate"},{id:"15973",title:"Prof.",name:"Marco",middleName:null,surname:"Avvenuti",slug:"marco-avvenuti",fullName:"Marco Avvenuti"},{id:"15974",title:"Prof.",name:"Paolo",middleName:null,surname:"Corsini",slug:"paolo-corsini",fullName:"Paolo Corsini"},{id:"15975",title:"PhD.",name:"Alessio",middleName:null,surname:"Vecchio",slug:"alessio-vecchio",fullName:"Alessio Vecchio"},{id:"15976",title:"Prof.",name:"Janet",middleName:null,surname:"Light",slug:"janet-light",fullName:"Janet Light"}]},{id:"12418",doi:"10.5772/13062",title:"Review of Energy Harvesting Technologies for Sustainable WSN",slug:"review-of-energy-harvesting-technologies-for-sustainable-wsn",totalDownloads:4525,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:55,abstract:null,book:{id:"137",slug:"sustainable-wireless-sensor-networks",title:"Sustainable Wireless Sensor Networks",fullTitle:"Sustainable Wireless Sensor Networks"},signatures:"Yen Kheng Tan and Sanjib Kumar Panda",authors:[{id:"15547",title:"Dr.",name:"Sanjib Kumar",middleName:null,surname:"Panda",slug:"sanjib-kumar-panda",fullName:"Sanjib Kumar Panda"},{id:"78857",title:"Dr.",name:"Tan Yen",middleName:null,surname:"Kheng",slug:"tan-yen-kheng",fullName:"Tan Yen Kheng"}]},{id:"21099",doi:"10.5772/24660",title:"What Is the Proper Method to Delineate Home Range of an Animal Using Today’s Advanced GPS Telemetry Systems: The Initial Step",slug:"what-is-the-proper-method-to-delineate-home-range-of-an-animal-using-today-s-advanced-gps-telemetry-",totalDownloads:3470,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:49,abstract:null,book:{id:"391",slug:"modern-telemetry",title:"Modern Telemetry",fullTitle:"Modern Telemetry"},signatures:"W. David Walter, Justin W. Fischer, Sharon Baruch-Mordo and Kurt C. VerCauteren",authors:[{id:"58766",title:"Dr.",name:"Kurt",middleName:null,surname:"VerCauteren",slug:"kurt-vercauteren",fullName:"Kurt VerCauteren"},{id:"61440",title:"Dr.",name:"W. David",middleName:null,surname:"Walter",slug:"w.-david-walter",fullName:"W. David Walter"},{id:"61441",title:"MSc.",name:"Justin",middleName:null,surname:"Fischer",slug:"justin-fischer",fullName:"Justin Fischer"},{id:"98569",title:"MSc.",name:"Sharon",middleName:null,surname:"Baruch-Mordo",slug:"sharon-baruch-mordo",fullName:"Sharon Baruch-Mordo"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"65877",title:"Smart Home Systems Based on Internet of Things",slug:"smart-home-systems-based-on-internet-of-things",totalDownloads:5901,totalCrossrefCites:22,totalDimensionsCites:30,abstract:"Smart home systems achieved great popularity in the last decades as they increase the comfort and quality of life. Most smart home systems are controlled by smartphones and microcontrollers. A smartphone application is used to control and monitor home functions using wireless communication techniques. We explore the concept of smart home with the integration of IoT services and cloud computing to it, by embedding intelligence into sensors and actuators, networking of smart things using the corresponding technology, facilitating interactions with smart things using cloud computing for easy access in different locations, increasing computation power, storage space and improving data exchange efficiency. In this chapter we present a composition of three components to build a robust approach of an advanced smart home concept and implementation.",book:{id:"7602",slug:"internet-of-things-iot-for-automated-and-smart-applications",title:"Internet of Things (IoT) for Automated and Smart Applications",fullTitle:"Internet of Things (IoT) for Automated and Smart Applications"},signatures:"Menachem Domb",authors:[{id:"222778",title:"Prof.",name:"Menachem",middleName:null,surname:"Domb",slug:"menachem-domb",fullName:"Menachem Domb"}]},{id:"62481",title:"Blockchain and Digital Currency in the World of Finance",slug:"blockchain-and-digital-currency-in-the-world-of-finance",totalDownloads:2052,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:5,abstract:"High-tech enables payment evolution and global competition. The ambiguities surrounding of the digital currency still leave enough space for the analysis of its unreserved acceptance, trust and anticipation, which are the main driver for the spread of the network. Banks should carefully consider the technology underlying these cryptocurrencies as a potential generic new way of transferring ownership of the value over the long term. The chapter provides an analysis of the use of cryptocurrencies in general, especially Bitcoin as the technology adoption in the presence of network externalities. The objective attitude is the future of the digital currency in the moment is still unsolved issue due to the existence of “critical mass”. Further, the chapter explores financial privacy which is very sensitive issue in using digital currency (or cryptocurrency) and discuss about private choices versus political rules. The research has shown that the future of cryptocurrencies can be bright if some institutional-formal conditions are met due to the fact that success evolution of e-money requires building safety payments through three criteria–standardization, compatibility and innovation.",book:{id:"7228",slug:"blockchain-and-cryptocurrencies",title:"Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies",fullTitle:"Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies"},signatures:"Tatjana Boshkov",authors:[{id:"246137",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Tatjana",middleName:null,surname:"Boshkov",slug:"tatjana-boshkov",fullName:"Tatjana Boshkov"}]},{id:"38793",title:"Overview of Wireless Sensor Network",slug:"overview-of-wireless-sensor-network",totalDownloads:12499,totalCrossrefCites:63,totalDimensionsCites:86,abstract:null,book:{id:"2211",slug:"wireless-sensor-networks-technology-and-protocols",title:"Wireless Sensor Networks",fullTitle:"Wireless Sensor Networks - Technology and Protocols"},signatures:"M.A. Matin and M.M. Islam",authors:[{id:"12623",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammad Abdul",middleName:"A",surname:"Matin",slug:"mohammad-abdul-matin",fullName:"Mohammad Abdul Matin"}]},{id:"66938",title:"An Overview of Wireless Mesh Networks",slug:"an-overview-of-wireless-mesh-networks",totalDownloads:1693,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:5,abstract:"Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are communication networks which comprise radio nodes in which nodes are arranged in a mesh topology. Mesh topology is an interconnection of all nodes connected with all other nodes in the network. The network includes devices like nodes, clients, routers, gateways, etc. As the nodes are fully connected, mesh networks are usually less mobile as rerouting is less difficult in predicting the reroute results in delay in data transmission. Mesh clients can be of any wireless devices like cell phones, laptops, etc. The gateways which act as forwarding nodes may not be connected with the Internet. As different devices come under a single network, it is also referred as mesh cloud. WMN is self-healable. It works better with various different networks which include cellular networks and IEEE 802.11, 802.15, and 802.16 as well. WMN is flexible to work with more than one protocol. This chapter gives architecture, layer functionalities, and applications.",book:{id:"7322",slug:"wireless-mesh-networks-security-architectures-and-protocols",title:"Wireless Mesh Networks",fullTitle:"Wireless Mesh Networks - Security, Architectures and Protocols"},signatures:"J. Rejina Parvin",authors:null},{id:"63090",title:"Cryptocurrency Returns",slug:"cryptocurrency-returns",totalDownloads:1471,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"One of the most significant innovations in the world of finance has been the creation and evolvement of cryptocurrencies. These digital means of exchange have been the focus of extensive news coverage, especially the Bitcoin, with a primary focus on the tremendous potential return and the high level of accompanying risk. In this chapter, we examine the risk-return pattern for an array of cryptocurrencies, contrasting the pattern with those of conventional currency and equity investments. We find the measures of cryptocurrency returns and risk to be a very high multiple of those of conventional investments, and the pattern is determined to be robust relative to the time frame. Consequently, cryptocurrencies are determined to provide an alternative to investors that involves tremendously high risk and return.",book:{id:"7228",slug:"blockchain-and-cryptocurrencies",title:"Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies",fullTitle:"Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies"},signatures:"Mike Cudd, Kristen Ritterbush, Marcelo Eduardo and Chris Smith",authors:[{id:"254939",title:"Dr.",name:"Mike",middleName:null,surname:"Cudd",slug:"mike-cudd",fullName:"Mike Cudd"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"88",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:8,limit:8,total:0},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:90,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:108,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:33,numberOfPublishedChapters:330,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:14,numberOfPublishedChapters:145,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:141,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:124,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:112,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:22,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:12,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-6580",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}},{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",issn:"2632-0517",scope:"Paralleling similar advances in the medical field, astounding advances occurred in Veterinary Medicine and Science in recent decades. These advances have helped foster better support for animal health, more humane animal production, and a better understanding of the physiology of endangered species to improve the assisted reproductive technologies or the pathogenesis of certain diseases, where animals can be used as models for human diseases (like cancer, degenerative diseases or fertility), and even as a guarantee of public health. Bridging Human, Animal, and Environmental health, the holistic and integrative “One Health” concept intimately associates the developments within those fields, projecting its advancements into practice. This book series aims to tackle various animal-related medicine and sciences fields, providing thematic volumes consisting of high-quality significant research directed to researchers and postgraduates. It aims to give us a glimpse into the new accomplishments in the Veterinary Medicine and Science field. By addressing hot topics in veterinary sciences, we aim to gather authoritative texts within each issue of this series, providing in-depth overviews and analysis for graduates, academics, and practitioners and foreseeing a deeper understanding of the subject. Forthcoming texts, written and edited by experienced researchers from both industry and academia, will also discuss scientific challenges faced today in Veterinary Medicine and Science. In brief, we hope that books in this series will provide accessible references for those interested or working in this field and encourage learning in a range of different topics.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/13.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"August 7th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:11,editor:{id:"38652",title:"Prof.",name:"Rita",middleName:null,surname:"Payan-Carreira",slug:"rita-payan-carreira",fullName:"Rita Payan-Carreira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRiFPQA0/Profile_Picture_1614601496313",biography:"Rita Payan Carreira earned her Veterinary Degree from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1985. She obtained her Ph.D. in Veterinary Sciences from the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal. After almost 32 years of teaching at the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, she recently moved to the University of Évora, Department of Veterinary Medicine, where she teaches in the field of Animal Reproduction and Clinics. Her primary research areas include the molecular markers of the endometrial cycle and the embryo–maternal interaction, including oxidative stress and the reproductive physiology and disorders of sexual development, besides the molecular determinants of male and female fertility. She often supervises students preparing their master's or doctoral theses. She is also a frequent referee for various journals.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Évora",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:3,paginationItems:[{id:"19",title:"Animal Science",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/19.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"259298",title:"Dr.",name:"Edward",middleName:null,surname:"Narayan",slug:"edward-narayan",fullName:"Edward Narayan",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Edward Narayan graduated with Ph.D. degree in Biology from the University of the South Pacific and pioneered non-invasive reproductive and stress endocrinology tools for amphibians - the novel development and validation of non-invasive enzyme immunoassays for the evaluation of reproductive hormonal cycle and stress hormone responses to environmental stressors. \nDr. Narayan leads the Stress Lab (Comparative Physiology and Endocrinology) at the University of Queensland. A dynamic career research platform which is based on the thematic areas of comparative vertebrate physiology, stress endocrinology, reproductive endocrinology, animal health and welfare, and conservation biology. \nEdward has supervised 40 research students and published over 60 peer reviewed research.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Queensland",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Australia"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"20",title:"Animal Nutrition",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/20.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"175967",title:"Dr.",name:"Manuel",middleName:null,surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",fullName:"Manuel Gonzalez Ronquillo",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",biography:"Dr. Manuel González Ronquillo obtained his doctorate degree from the University of Zaragoza, Spain, in 2001. He is a research professor at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico. He is also a level-2 researcher. He received a Fulbright-Garcia Robles fellowship for a postdoctoral stay at the US Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA in 2008–2009. He received grants from Alianza del Pacifico for a stay at the University of Magallanes, Chile, in 2014, and from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) to work in the Food and Agriculture Organization’s Animal Production and Health Division (AGA), Rome, Italy, in 2014–2015. He has collaborated with researchers from different countries and published ninety-eight journal articles. He teaches various degree courses in zootechnics, sheep production, and agricultural sciences and natural resources.\n\nDr. Ronquillo’s research focuses on the evaluation of sustainable animal diets (StAnD), using native resources of the region, decreasing carbon footprint, and applying meta-analysis and mathematical models for a better understanding of animal production.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"28",title:"Animal Reproductive Biology and Technology",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/28.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"177225",title:"Prof.",name:"Rosa Maria Lino Neto",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"rosa-maria-lino-neto-pereira",fullName:"Rosa Maria Lino Neto Pereira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bS9wkQAC/Profile_Picture_1624519982291",biography:"Rosa Maria Lino Neto Pereira (DVM, MsC, PhD and) is currently a researcher at the Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Unit of the National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinarian Research (INIAV, Portugal). She is the head of the Reproduction and Embryology Laboratories and was lecturer of Reproduction and Reproductive Biotechnologies at Veterinary Medicine Faculty. She has over 25 years of experience working in reproductive biology and biotechnology areas with a special emphasis on embryo and gamete cryopreservation, for research and animal genetic resources conservation, leading research projects with several peer-reviewed papers. Rosa Pereira is member of the ERFP-FAO Ex situ Working Group and of the Management Commission of the Portuguese Animal Germplasm Bank.",institutionString:"The National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research. Portugal",institution:null},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null}]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:20,paginationItems:[{id:"82991",title:"Diseases of the Canine Prostate Gland",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105835",signatures:"Sabine Schäfer-Somi",slug:"diseases-of-the-canine-prostate-gland",totalDownloads:2,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Recent Advances in Canine Medicine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11580.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"82956",title:"Potential Substitutes of Antibiotics for Swine and Poultry Production",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106081",signatures:"Ho Trung Thong, Le Nu Anh Thu and Ho Viet Duc",slug:"potential-substitutes-of-antibiotics-for-swine-and-poultry-production",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Antibiotics and Probiotics in Animal Food - Impact and Regulation",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11578.jpg",subseries:{id:"20",title:"Animal Nutrition"}}},{id:"82905",title:"A Review of Application Strategies and Efficacy of Probiotics in Pet Food",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105829",signatures:"Heather Acuff and Charles G. Aldrich",slug:"a-review-of-application-strategies-and-efficacy-of-probiotics-in-pet-food",totalDownloads:16,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Antibiotics and Probiotics in Animal Food - Impact and Regulation",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11578.jpg",subseries:{id:"20",title:"Animal Nutrition"}}},{id:"82773",title:"Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor: An Infectious Neoplasia in Dogs",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106150",signatures:"Chanokchon Setthawongsin, Somporn Techangamsuwan and Anudep Rungsipipat",slug:"canine-transmissible-venereal-tumor-an-infectious-neoplasia-in-dogs",totalDownloads:15,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Recent Advances in Canine Medicine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11580.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}}]},overviewPagePublishedBooks:{paginationCount:11,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"7233",title:"New Insights into Theriogenology",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7233.jpg",slug:"new-insights-into-theriogenology",publishedDate:"December 5th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Rita Payan-Carreira",hash:"74f4147e3fb214dd050e5edd3aaf53bc",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"New Insights into Theriogenology",editors:[{id:"38652",title:"Prof.",name:"Rita",middleName:null,surname:"Payan-Carreira",slug:"rita-payan-carreira",fullName:"Rita Payan-Carreira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRiFPQA0/Profile_Picture_1614601496313",biography:"Rita Payan Carreira earned her Veterinary Degree from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1985. She obtained her Ph.D. in Veterinary Sciences from the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal. After almost 32 years of teaching at the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, she recently moved to the University of Évora, Department of Veterinary Medicine, where she teaches in the field of Animal Reproduction and Clinics. Her primary research areas include the molecular markers of the endometrial cycle and the embryo–maternal interaction, including oxidative stress and the reproductive physiology and disorders of sexual development, besides the molecular determinants of male and female fertility. She often supervises students preparing their master's or doctoral theses. She is also a frequent referee for various journals.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Évora",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7144",title:"Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7144.jpg",slug:"veterinary-anatomy-and-physiology",publishedDate:"March 13th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Catrin Sian Rutland and Valentina Kubale",hash:"75cdacb570e0e6d15a5f6e69640d87c9",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",editors:[{id:"202192",title:"Dr.",name:"Catrin",middleName:null,surname:"Rutland",slug:"catrin-rutland",fullName:"Catrin Rutland",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",biography:"Catrin Rutland is an Associate Professor of Anatomy and Developmental Genetics at the University of Nottingham, UK. She obtained a BSc from the University of Derby, England, a master’s degree from Technische Universität München, Germany, and a Ph.D. from the University of Nottingham. She undertook a post-doctoral research fellowship in the School of Medicine before accepting tenure in Veterinary Medicine and Science. Dr. Rutland also obtained an MMedSci (Medical Education) and a Postgraduate Certificate in Higher Education (PGCHE). She is the author of more than sixty peer-reviewed journal articles, twelve books/book chapters, and more than 100 research abstracts in cardiovascular biology and oncology. She is a board member of the European Association of Veterinary Anatomists, Fellow of the Anatomical Society, and Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy. Dr. Rutland has also written popular science books for the public. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2009-4898. www.nottingham.ac.uk/vet/people/catrin.rutland",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Nottingham",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"8524",title:"Lactation in Farm Animals",subtitle:"Biology, Physiological Basis, Nutritional Requirements, and Modelization",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8524.jpg",slug:"lactation-in-farm-animals-biology-physiological-basis-nutritional-requirements-and-modelization",publishedDate:"January 22nd 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Naceur M'Hamdi",hash:"2aa2a9a0ec13040bbf0455e34625504e",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Lactation in Farm Animals - Biology, Physiological Basis, Nutritional Requirements, and Modelization",editors:[{id:"73376",title:"Dr.",name:"Naceur",middleName:null,surname:"M'Hamdi",slug:"naceur-m'hamdi",fullName:"Naceur M'Hamdi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/73376/images/system/73376.jpg",biography:"Naceur M’HAMDI is Associate Professor at the National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage. He is also Member of the Laboratory of genetic, animal and feed resource and member of Animal science Department of INAT. He graduated from Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur, University of Carthage, in 2002 and completed his masters in 2006. Dr. M’HAMDI completed his PhD thesis in Genetic welfare indicators of dairy cattle at Higher Institute of Agronomy of Chott-Meriem, University of Sousse, in 2011. He worked as assistant Professor of Genetic, biostatistics and animal biotechnology at INAT since 2013.",institutionString:null,institution:null}]},{type:"book",id:"8460",title:"Reproductive Biology and Technology in Animals",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8460.jpg",slug:"reproductive-biology-and-technology-in-animals",publishedDate:"April 15th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Juan Carlos Gardón Poggi and Katy Satué Ambrojo",hash:"32ef5fe73998dd723d308225d756fa1e",volumeInSeries:4,fullTitle:"Reproductive Biology and Technology in Animals",editors:[{id:"251314",title:"Dr.",name:"Juan Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Gardón Poggi",slug:"juan-carlos-gardon-poggi",fullName:"Juan Carlos Gardón Poggi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/251314/images/system/251314.jpeg",biography:"Juan Carlos Gardón Poggi received University degree from the Faculty of Agrarian Science in Argentina, in 1983. Also he received Masters Degree and PhD from Córdoba University, Spain. He is currently a Professor at the Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, at the Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery. He teaches diverse courses in the field of Animal Reproduction and he is the Director of the Veterinary Farm. He also participates in academic postgraduate activities at the Veterinary Faculty of Murcia University, Spain. His research areas include animal physiology, physiology and biotechnology of reproduction either in males or females, the study of gametes under in vitro conditions and the use of ultrasound as a complement to physiological studies and development of applied biotechnologies. Routinely, he supervises students preparing their doctoral, master thesis or final degree projects.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Valencia Catholic University Saint Vincent Martyr",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}}]}]},openForSubmissionBooks:{paginationCount:2,paginationItems:[{id:"11673",title:"Stem Cell Research",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11673.jpg",hash:"13092df328080c762dd9157be18ca38c",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"July 13th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"203598",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Diana",surname:"Kitala",slug:"diana-kitala",fullName:"Diana Kitala"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"12215",title:"Cell Death and Disease",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12215.jpg",hash:"dfd456a29478fccf4ebd3294137eb1e3",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"July 29th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"59529",title:"Dr.",name:"Ke",surname:"Xu",slug:"ke-xu",fullName:"Ke Xu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:21,paginationItems:[{id:"83000",title:"Purine and Pyrimidine Pathways as Antimalarial Targets",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106468",signatures:"Yacoba V.T. Minnow and Vern L. Schramm",slug:"purine-and-pyrimidine-pathways-as-antimalarial-targets",totalDownloads:1,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:null,authors:null,book:{title:"Malaria - Recent Advances, and New Perspectives",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11576.jpg",subseries:{id:"5",title:"Parasitic Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"83065",title:"Interventions and Practical Approaches to Reduce the Burden of Malaria on School-Aged Children",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106469",signatures:"Andrew Macnab",slug:"interventions-and-practical-approaches-to-reduce-the-burden-of-malaria-on-school-aged-children",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Andrew",surname:"Macnab"}],book:{title:"Malaria - Recent Advances, and New Perspectives",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11576.jpg",subseries:{id:"5",title:"Parasitic Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"82804",title:"Psychiatric Problems in HIV Care",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106077",signatures:"Seggane Musisi and Noeline Nakasujja",slug:"psychiatric-problems-in-hiv-care",totalDownloads:2,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Future Opportunities and Tools for Emerging Challenges for HIV/AIDS Control",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11575.jpg",subseries:{id:"6",title:"Viral Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"82827",title:"Epidemiology and Control of Schistosomiasis",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105170",signatures:"Célestin Kyambikwa Bisangamo",slug:"epidemiology-and-control-of-schistosomiasis",totalDownloads:6,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"New Horizons for Schistosomiasis Research",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10829.jpg",subseries:{id:"5",title:"Parasitic Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"82817",title:"Perspective Chapter: Microfluidic Technologies for On-Site Detection and Quantification of Infectious Diseases - The Experience with SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105950",signatures:"Andres Escobar and Chang-qing Xu",slug:"perspective-chapter-microfluidic-technologies-for-on-site-detection-and-quantification-of-infectious",totalDownloads:3,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"SARS-CoV-2 Variants - Two Years After",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11573.jpg",subseries:{id:"6",title:"Viral Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"82667",title:"Perspective Chapter: Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Indirect Spreading Routes and Possible Countermeasures",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105914",signatures:"Cesare Saccani, Marco Pellegrini and Alessandro Guzzini",slug:"perspective-chapter-analysis-of-sars-cov-2-indirect-spreading-routes-and-possible-countermeasures",totalDownloads:10,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"SARS-CoV-2 Variants - Two Years After",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11573.jpg",subseries:{id:"6",title:"Viral Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"82559",title:"Perspective Chapter: Bioinformatics Study of the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105915",signatures:"Črtomir Podlipnik, Radostina Alexandrova, Sebastian Pleško, Urban Bren and Marko Jukič",slug:"perspective-chapter-bioinformatics-study-of-the-evolution-of-sars-cov-2-spike-protein",totalDownloads:16,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"SARS-CoV-2 Variants - Two Years After",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11573.jpg",subseries:{id:"6",title:"Viral Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"82521",title:"Challenges in Platelet Functions in HIV/AIDS Management",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105731",signatures:"Gordon Ogweno",slug:"challenges-in-platelet-functions-in-hiv-aids-management",totalDownloads:16,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Future Opportunities and Tools for Emerging Challenges for HIV/AIDS Control",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11575.jpg",subseries:{id:"6",title:"Viral Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"82701",title:"Pathology of Streptococcal Infections",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105814",signatures:"Yutaka Tsutsumi",slug:"pathology-of-streptococcal-infections",totalDownloads:8,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Yutaka",surname:"Tsutsumi"}],book:{title:"Streptococcal Infections",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10828.jpg",subseries:{id:"3",title:"Bacterial Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"82634",title:"Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Disease",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105747",signatures:"Lebeza Alemu Tenaw",slug:"bacterial-sexually-transmitted-disease",totalDownloads:12,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections - New Findings, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11569.jpg",subseries:{id:"3",title:"Bacterial Infectious Diseases"}}}]},subseriesFiltersForOFChapters:[{caption:"Fungal Infectious Diseases",value:4,count:1,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Bacterial Infectious Diseases",value:3,count:5,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Parasitic Infectious Diseases",value:5,count:5,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Viral Infectious Diseases",value:6,count:10,group:"subseries"}],publishedBooks:{paginationCount:33,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"10840",title:"Benzimidazole",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10840.jpg",slug:"benzimidazole",publishedDate:"July 13th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Pravin Kendrekar and Vinayak Adimule",hash:"e28c770013e7a8dd0fc37aea6aa9def8",volumeInSeries:34,fullTitle:"Benzimidazole",editors:[{id:"310674",title:"Dr.",name:"Pravin",middleName:null,surname:"Kendrekar",slug:"pravin-kendrekar",fullName:"Pravin Kendrekar",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/310674/images/system/310674.jpg",institutionString:"Visiting Scientist at Lipid Nanostructures Laboratory, Centre for Smart Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Central Lancashire",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"10798",title:"Starch",subtitle:"Evolution and Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10798.jpg",slug:"starch-evolution-and-recent-advances",publishedDate:"June 28th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Martins Ochubiojo Emeje",hash:"f197f6062c1574a9a90e50a369271bcf",volumeInSeries:33,fullTitle:"Starch - Evolution and Recent Advances",editors:[{id:"94311",title:"Prof.",name:"Martins",middleName:"Ochubiojo",surname:"Ochubiojo Emeje",slug:"martins-ochubiojo-emeje",fullName:"Martins Ochubiojo Emeje",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/94311/images/system/94311.jpeg",institutionString:"National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development",institution:{name:"National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Nigeria"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"11332",title:"Essential Oils",subtitle:"Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",slug:"essential-oils-advances-in-extractions-and-biological-applications",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira and Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade",hash:"742e6cae3a35686f975edc8d7f9afa94",volumeInSeries:32,fullTitle:"Essential Oils - Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",editors:[{id:"195290",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Mozaniel",middleName:null,surname:"Santana De Oliveira",slug:"mozaniel-santana-de-oliveira",fullName:"Mozaniel Santana De Oliveira",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/195290/images/system/195290.png",institutionString:"Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi",institution:{name:"Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"10839",title:"Protein Detection",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10839.jpg",slug:"protein-detection",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Yusuf Tutar and Lütfi Tutar",hash:"2f1c0e4e0207fc45c936e7d22a5369c4",volumeInSeries:31,fullTitle:"Protein Detection",editors:[{id:"158492",title:"Prof.",name:"Yusuf",middleName:null,surname:"Tutar",slug:"yusuf-tutar",fullName:"Yusuf Tutar",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/158492/images/system/158492.jpeg",institutionString:"University of Health Sciences",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"10797",title:"Cell Culture",subtitle:"Advanced Technology and Applications in Medical and Life Sciences",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10797.jpg",slug:"cell-culture-advanced-technology-and-applications-in-medical-and-life-sciences",publishedDate:"June 15th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Xianquan Zhan",hash:"2c628f4757f9639a4450728d839a7842",volumeInSeries:30,fullTitle:"Cell Culture - Advanced Technology and Applications in Medical and Life Sciences",editors:[{id:"223233",title:"Prof.",name:"Xianquan",middleName:null,surname:"Zhan",slug:"xianquan-zhan",fullName:"Xianquan Zhan",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/223233/images/system/223233.png",institutionString:"Shandong First Medical University",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"10841",title:"Hydrolases",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10841.jpg",slug:"hydrolases",publishedDate:"June 15th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Sajjad Haider, Adnan Haider and Angel Catalá",hash:"4e868cde273d65a7ff54b1817d640629",volumeInSeries:29,fullTitle:"Hydrolases",editors:[{id:"110708",title:"Dr.",name:"Sajjad",middleName:null,surname:"Haider",slug:"sajjad-haider",fullName:"Sajjad Haider",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/110708/images/system/110708.png",institutionString:"King Saud University",institution:{name:"King Saud University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"10803",title:"Reactive Oxygen Species",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10803.jpg",slug:"reactive-oxygen-species",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Rizwan Ahmad",hash:"176adcf090fdd1f93cb8ce3146e79ca1",volumeInSeries:28,fullTitle:"Reactive Oxygen Species",editors:[{id:"40482",title:null,name:"Rizwan",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"rizwan-ahmad",fullName:"Rizwan Ahmad",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/40482/images/system/40482.jpeg",institutionString:"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University",institution:{name:"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9008",title:"Vitamin K",subtitle:"Recent Topics on the Biology and Chemistry",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9008.jpg",slug:"vitamin-k-recent-topics-on-the-biology-and-chemistry",publishedDate:"March 23rd 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Hiroyuki Kagechika and Hitoshi Shirakawa",hash:"8b43add5389ba85743e0a9491e4b9943",volumeInSeries:27,fullTitle:"Vitamin K - Recent Topics on the Biology and Chemistry",editors:[{id:"180528",title:"Dr.",name:"Hiroyuki",middleName:null,surname:"Kagechika",slug:"hiroyuki-kagechika",fullName:"Hiroyuki Kagechika",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/180528/images/system/180528.jpg",institutionString:"Tokyo Medical and Dental University",institution:{name:"Tokyo Medical and Dental University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"10799",title:"Phenolic Compounds",subtitle:"Chemistry, Synthesis, Diversity, Non-Conventional Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10799.jpg",slug:"phenolic-compounds-chemistry-synthesis-diversity-non-conventional-industrial-pharmaceutical-and-therapeutic-applications",publishedDate:"February 23rd 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Farid A. Badria",hash:"339199f254d2987ef3167eef74fb8a38",volumeInSeries:26,fullTitle:"Phenolic Compounds - Chemistry, Synthesis, Diversity, Non-Conventional Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications",editors:[{id:"41865",title:"Prof.",name:"Farid A.",middleName:null,surname:"Badria",slug:"farid-a.-badria",fullName:"Farid A. Badria",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/41865/images/system/41865.jpg",institutionString:"Mansoura University",institution:{name:"Mansoura University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9659",title:"Fibroblasts",subtitle:"Advances in Inflammation, Autoimmunity and Cancer",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9659.jpg",slug:"fibroblasts-advances-in-inflammation-autoimmunity-and-cancer",publishedDate:"December 22nd 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Mojca Frank Bertoncelj and Katja Lakota",hash:"926fa6446f6befbd363fc74971a56de2",volumeInSeries:25,fullTitle:"Fibroblasts - Advances in Inflammation, Autoimmunity and Cancer",editors:[{id:"328755",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Mojca",middleName:null,surname:"Frank Bertoncelj",slug:"mojca-frank-bertoncelj",fullName:"Mojca Frank Bertoncelj",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/328755/images/system/328755.jpg",institutionString:"BioMed X Institute",institution:{name:"University Hospital of Zurich",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Switzerland"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8977",title:"Protein Kinases",subtitle:"Promising Targets for Anticancer Drug Research",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8977.jpg",slug:"protein-kinases-promising-targets-for-anticancer-drug-research",publishedDate:"December 8th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Rajesh Kumar Singh",hash:"6d200cc031706a565b554fdb1c478901",volumeInSeries:24,fullTitle:"Protein Kinases - Promising Targets for Anticancer Drug Research",editors:[{id:"329385",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajesh K.",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Singh",slug:"rajesh-k.-singh",fullName:"Rajesh K. Singh",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/329385/images/system/329385.png",institutionString:"Punjab Technical University",institution:{name:"Punjab Technical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8018",title:"Extracellular Matrix",subtitle:"Developments and Therapeutics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8018.jpg",slug:"extracellular-matrix-developments-and-therapeutics",publishedDate:"October 27th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Rama Sashank Madhurapantula, Joseph Orgel P.R.O. and Zvi Loewy",hash:"c85e82851e80b40282ff9be99ddf2046",volumeInSeries:23,fullTitle:"Extracellular Matrix - Developments and Therapeutics",editors:[{id:"212416",title:"Dr.",name:"Rama Sashank",middleName:null,surname:"Madhurapantula",slug:"rama-sashank-madhurapantula",fullName:"Rama Sashank Madhurapantula",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/212416/images/system/212416.jpg",institutionString:"Illinois Institute of Technology",institution:{name:"Illinois Institute of Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},subseriesFiltersForPublishedBooks:[{group:"subseries",caption:"Proteomics",value:18,count:4},{group:"subseries",caption:"Metabolism",value:17,count:6},{group:"subseries",caption:"Cell and Molecular Biology",value:14,count:9},{group:"subseries",caption:"Chemical Biology",value:15,count:14}],publicationYearFilters:[{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2022",value:2022,count:9},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2021",value:2021,count:7},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2020",value:2020,count:12},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2019",value:2019,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2018",value:2018,count:2}],authors:{paginationCount:148,paginationItems:[{id:"165328",title:"Dr.",name:"Vahid",middleName:null,surname:"Asadpour",slug:"vahid-asadpour",fullName:"Vahid Asadpour",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/165328/images/system/165328.jpg",biography:"Vahid Asadpour, MS, Ph.D., is currently with the Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California. He has both an MS and Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering. He was previously a research scientist at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) and visiting professor and researcher at the University of North Dakota. He is currently working in artificial intelligence and its applications in medical signal processing. In addition, he is using digital signal processing in medical imaging and speech processing. Dr. Asadpour has developed brain-computer interfacing algorithms and has published books, book chapters, and several journal and conference papers in this field and other areas of intelligent signal processing. He has also designed medical devices, including a laser Doppler monitoring system.",institutionString:"Kaiser Permanente Southern California",institution:null},{id:"169608",title:"Prof.",name:"Marian",middleName:null,surname:"Găiceanu",slug:"marian-gaiceanu",fullName:"Marian Găiceanu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/169608/images/system/169608.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Marian Gaiceanu graduated from the Naval and Electrical Engineering Faculty, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Romania, in 1997. He received a Ph.D. (Magna Cum Laude) in Electrical Engineering in 2002. Since 2017, Dr. Gaiceanu has been a Ph.D. supervisor for students in Electrical Engineering. He has been employed at Dunarea de Jos University of Galati since 1996, where he is currently a professor. Dr. Gaiceanu is a member of the National Council for Attesting Titles, Diplomas and Certificates, an expert of the Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research Funding, and a member of the Senate of the Dunarea de Jos University of Galati. He has been the head of the Integrated Energy Conversion Systems and Advanced Control of Complex Processes Research Center, Romania, since 2016. He has conducted several projects in power converter systems for electrical drives, power quality, PEM and SOFC fuel cell power converters for utilities, electric vehicles, and marine applications with the Department of Regulation and Control, SIEI S.pA. (2002–2004) and the Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy (2002–2004, 2006–2007). He is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and cofounder-member of the IEEE Power Electronics Romanian Chapter. He is a guest editor at Energies and an academic book editor for IntechOpen. He is also a member of the editorial boards of the Journal of Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Control and Computer Science and Sustainability. Dr. Gaiceanu has been General Chairman of the IEEE International Symposium on Electrical and Electronics Engineering in the last six editions.",institutionString:'"Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati',institution:{name:'"Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati',country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"4519",title:"Prof.",name:"Jaydip",middleName:null,surname:"Sen",slug:"jaydip-sen",fullName:"Jaydip Sen",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/4519/images/system/4519.jpeg",biography:"Jaydip Sen is associated with Praxis Business School, Kolkata, India, as a professor in the Department of Data Science. His research areas include security and privacy issues in computing and communication, intrusion detection systems, machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence in the financial domain. He has more than 200 publications in reputed international journals, refereed conference proceedings, and 20 book chapters in books published by internationally renowned publishing houses, such as Springer, CRC press, IGI Global, etc. Currently, he is serving on the editorial board of the prestigious journal Frontiers in Communications and Networks and in the technical program committees of a number of high-ranked international conferences organized by the IEEE, USA, and the ACM, USA. He has been listed among the top 2% of scientists in the world for the last three consecutive years, 2019 to 2021 as per studies conducted by the Stanford University, USA.",institutionString:"Praxis Business School",institution:null},{id:"320071",title:"Dr.",name:"Sidra",middleName:null,surname:"Mehtab",slug:"sidra-mehtab",fullName:"Sidra Mehtab",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00002v6KHoQAM/Profile_Picture_1584512086360",biography:"Sidra Mehtab has completed her BS with honors in Physics from Calcutta University, India in 2018. She has done MS in Data Science and Analytics from Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (MAKAUT), Kolkata, India in 2020. Her research areas include Econometrics, Time Series Analysis, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence, and Computer and Network Security with a particular focus on Cyber Security Analytics. Ms. Mehtab has published seven papers in international conferences and one of her papers has been accepted for publication in a reputable international journal. She has won the best paper awards in two prestigious international conferences – BAICONF 2019, and ICADCML 2021, organized in the Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore, India in December 2019, and SOA University, Bhubaneswar, India in January 2021. Besides, Ms. Mehtab has also published two book chapters in two books. Seven of her book chapters will be published in a volume shortly in 2021 by Cambridge Scholars’ Press, UK. Currently, she is working as the joint editor of two edited volumes on Time Series Analysis and Forecasting to be published in the first half of 2021 by an international house. Currently, she is working as a Data Scientist with an MNC in Delhi, India.",institutionString:"NSHM College of Management and Technology",institution:{name:"Association for Computing Machinery",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"226240",title:"Dr.",name:"Andri Irfan",middleName:null,surname:"Rifai",slug:"andri-irfan-rifai",fullName:"Andri Irfan Rifai",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/226240/images/7412_n.jpg",biography:"Andri IRFAN is a Senior Lecturer of Civil Engineering and Planning. He completed the PhD at the Universitas Indonesia & Universidade do Minho with Sandwich Program Scholarship from the Directorate General of Higher Education and LPDP scholarship. He has been teaching for more than 19 years and much active to applied his knowledge in the project construction in Indonesia. His research interest ranges from pavement management system to advanced data mining techniques for transportation engineering. He has published more than 50 papers in journals and 2 books.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universitas Internasional Batam",country:{name:"Indonesia"}}},{id:"314576",title:"Dr.",name:"Ibai",middleName:null,surname:"Laña",slug:"ibai-lana",fullName:"Ibai Laña",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/314576/images/system/314576.jpg",biography:"Dr. Ibai Laña works at TECNALIA as a data analyst. He received his Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence from the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Spain, in 2018. He is currently a senior researcher at TECNALIA. His research interests fall within the intersection of intelligent transportation systems, machine learning, traffic data analysis, and data science. He has dealt with urban traffic forecasting problems, applying machine learning models and evolutionary algorithms. He has experience in origin-destination matrix estimation or point of interest and trajectory detection. Working with large volumes of data has given him a good command of big data processing tools and NoSQL databases. He has also been a visiting scholar at the Knowledge Engineering and Discovery Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"314575",title:"Dr.",name:"Jesus",middleName:null,surname:"L. Lobo",slug:"jesus-l.-lobo",fullName:"Jesus L. Lobo",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/314575/images/system/314575.png",biography:"Dr. Jesús López is currently based in Bilbao (Spain) working at TECNALIA as Artificial Intelligence Research Scientist. In most cases, a project idea or a new research line needs to be investigated to see if it is good enough to take into production or to focus on it. That is exactly what he does, diving into Machine Learning algorithms and technologies to help TECNALIA to decide whether something is great in theory or will actually impact on the product or processes of its projects. So, he is expert at framing experiments, developing hypotheses, and proving whether they’re true or not, in order to investigate fundamental problems with a longer time horizon. He is also able to design and develop PoCs and system prototypes in simulation. He has participated in several national and internacional R&D projects.\n\nAs another relevant part of his everyday research work, he usually publishes his findings in reputed scientific refereed journals and international conferences, occasionally acting as reviewer and Programme Commitee member. Concretely, since 2018 he has published 9 JCR (8 Q1) journal papers, 9 conference papers (e.g. ECML PKDD 2021), and he has co-edited a book. He is also active in popular science writing data science stories for reputed blogs (KDNuggets, TowardsDataScience, Naukas). Besides, he has recently embarked on mentoring programmes as mentor, and has also worked as data science trainer.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"103779",title:"Prof.",name:"Yalcin",middleName:null,surname:"Isler",slug:"yalcin-isler",fullName:"Yalcin Isler",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRyQ8QAK/Profile_Picture_1628834958734",biography:"Yalcin Isler (1971 - Burdur / Turkey) received the B.Sc. degree in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey, in 1993, the M.Sc. degree from the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, in 1996, the Ph.D. degree from the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey, in 2009, and the Competence of Associate Professorship from the Turkish Interuniversity Council in 2019.\n\nHe was Lecturer at Burdur Vocational School in Suleyman Demirel University (1993-2000, Burdur / Turkey), Software Engineer (2000-2002, Izmir / Turkey), Research Assistant in Bulent Ecevit University (2002-2003, Zonguldak / Turkey), Research Assistant in Dokuz Eylul University (2003-2010, Izmir / Turkey), Assistant Professor at the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering in Bulent Ecevit University (2010-2012, Zonguldak / Turkey), Assistant Professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering in Izmir Katip Celebi University (2012-2019, Izmir / Turkey). He is an Associate Professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir / Turkey, since 2019. In addition to academics, he has also founded Islerya Medical and Information Technologies Company, Izmir / Turkey, since 2017.\n\nHis main research interests cover biomedical signal processing, pattern recognition, medical device design, programming, and embedded systems. He has many scientific papers and participated in several projects in these study fields. He was an IEEE Student Member (2009-2011) and IEEE Member (2011-2014) and has been IEEE Senior Member since 2014.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Izmir Kâtip Çelebi University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"339677",title:"Dr.",name:"Mrinmoy",middleName:null,surname:"Roy",slug:"mrinmoy-roy",fullName:"Mrinmoy Roy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/339677/images/16768_n.jpg",biography:"An accomplished Sales & Marketing professional with 12 years of cross-functional experience in well-known organisations such as CIPLA, LUPIN, GLENMARK, ASTRAZENECA across different segment of Sales & Marketing, International Business, Institutional Business, Product Management, Strategic Marketing of HIV, Oncology, Derma, Respiratory, Anti-Diabetic, Nutraceutical & Stomatological Product Portfolio and Generic as well as Chronic Critical Care Portfolio. A First Class MBA in International Business & Strategic Marketing, B.Pharm, D.Pharm, Google Certified Digital Marketing Professional. Qualified PhD Candidate in Operations and Management with special focus on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning adoption, analysis and use in Healthcare, Hospital & Pharma Domain. Seasoned with diverse therapy area of Pharmaceutical Sales & Marketing ranging from generating revenue through generating prescriptions, launching new products, and making them big brands with continuous strategy execution at the Physician and Patients level. Moved from Sales to Marketing and Business Development for 3.5 years in South East Asian Market operating from Manila, Philippines. Came back to India and handled and developed Brands such as Gluconorm, Lupisulin, Supracal, Absolut Woman, Hemozink, Fabiflu (For COVID 19), and many more. In my previous assignment I used to develop and execute strategies on Sales & Marketing, Commercialization & Business Development for Institution and Corporate Hospital Business portfolio of Oncology Therapy Area for AstraZeneca Pharma India Ltd. Being a Research Scholar and Student of ‘Operations Research & Management: Artificial Intelligence’ I published several pioneer research papers and book chapters on the same in Internationally reputed journals and Books indexed in Scopus, Springer and Ei Compendex, Google Scholar etc. Currently, I am launching PGDM Pharmaceutical Management Program in IIHMR Bangalore and spearheading the course curriculum and structure of the same. I am interested in Collaboration for Healthcare Innovation, Pharma AI Innovation, Future trend in Marketing and Management with incubation on Healthcare, Healthcare IT startups, AI-ML Modelling and Healthcare Algorithm based training module development. I am also an affiliated member of the Institute of Management Consultant of India, looking forward to Healthcare, Healthcare IT and Innovation, Pharma and Hospital Management Consulting works.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Lovely Professional University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"310576",title:"Prof.",name:"Erick Giovani",middleName:null,surname:"Sperandio Nascimento",slug:"erick-giovani-sperandio-nascimento",fullName:"Erick Giovani Sperandio Nascimento",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://intech-files.s3.amazonaws.com/0033Y00002pDKxDQAW/ProfilePicture%202022-06-20%2019%3A57%3A24.788",biography:"Prof. Erick Sperandio is the Lead Researcher and professor of Artificial Intelligence (AI) at SENAI CIMATEC, Bahia, Brazil, also working with Computational Modeling (CM) and HPC. He holds a PhD in Environmental Engineering in the area of Atmospheric Computational Modeling, a Master in Informatics in the field of Computational Intelligence and Graduated in Computer Science from UFES. He currently coordinates, leads and participates in R&D projects in the areas of AI, computational modeling and supercomputing applied to different areas such as Oil and Gas, Health, Advanced Manufacturing, Renewable Energies and Atmospheric Sciences, advising undergraduate, master's and doctoral students. He is the Lead Researcher at SENAI CIMATEC's Reference Center on Artificial Intelligence. In addition, he is a Certified Instructor and University Ambassador of the NVIDIA Deep Learning Institute (DLI) in the areas of Deep Learning, Computer Vision, Natural Language Processing and Recommender Systems, and Principal Investigator of the NVIDIA/CIMATEC AI Joint Lab, the first in Latin America within the NVIDIA AI Technology Center (NVAITC) worldwide program. He also works as a researcher at the Supercomputing Center for Industrial Innovation (CS2i) and at the SENAI Institute of Innovation for Automation (ISI Automação), both from SENAI CIMATEC. He is a member and vice-coordinator of the Basic Board of Scientific-Technological Advice and Evaluation, in the area of Innovation, of the Foundation for Research Support of the State of Bahia (FAPESB). He serves as Technology Transfer Coordinator and one of the Principal Investigators at the National Applied Research Center in Artificial Intelligence (CPA-IA) of SENAI CIMATEC, focusing on Industry, being one of the six CPA-IA in Brazil approved by MCTI / FAPESP / CGI.br. He also participates as one of the representatives of Brazil in the BRICS Innovation Collaboration Working Group on HPC, ICT and AI. He is the coordinator of the Work Group of the Axis 5 - Workforce and Training - of the Brazilian Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (EBIA), and member of the MCTI/EMBRAPII AI Innovation Network Training Committee. He is the coordinator, by SENAI CIMATEC, of the Artificial Intelligence Reference Network of the State of Bahia (REDE BAH.IA). He leads the working group of experts representing Brazil in the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI), on the theme \"AI and the Pandemic Response\".",institutionString:"Manufacturing and Technology Integrated Campus – SENAI CIMATEC",institution:null},{id:"1063",title:"Prof.",name:"Constantin",middleName:null,surname:"Volosencu",slug:"constantin-volosencu",fullName:"Constantin Volosencu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/1063/images/system/1063.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Constantin Voloşencu graduated as an engineer from\nPolitehnica University of Timișoara, Romania, where he also\nobtained a doctorate degree. He is currently a full professor in\nthe Department of Automation and Applied Informatics at the\nsame university. Dr. Voloşencu is the author of ten books, seven\nbook chapters, and more than 160 papers published in journals\nand conference proceedings. He has also edited twelve books and\nhas twenty-seven patents to his name. He is a manager of research grants, editor in\nchief and member of international journal editorial boards, a former plenary speaker, a member of scientific committees, and chair at international conferences. His\nresearch is in the fields of control systems, control of electric drives, fuzzy control\nsystems, neural network applications, fault detection and diagnosis, sensor network\napplications, monitoring of distributed parameter systems, and power ultrasound\napplications. He has developed automation equipment for machine tools, spooling\nmachines, high-power ultrasound processes, and more.",institutionString:'"Politechnica" University Timişoara',institution:null},{id:"221364",title:"Dr.",name:"Eneko",middleName:null,surname:"Osaba",slug:"eneko-osaba",fullName:"Eneko Osaba",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/221364/images/system/221364.jpg",biography:"Dr. Eneko Osaba works at TECNALIA as a senior researcher. He obtained his Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence in 2015. He has participated in more than twenty-five local and European research projects, and in the publication of more than 130 papers. He has performed several stays at universities in the United Kingdom, Italy, and Malta. Dr. Osaba has served as a program committee member in more than forty international conferences and participated in organizing activities in more than ten international conferences. He is a member of the editorial board of the International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, Data in Brief, and Journal of Advanced Transportation. He is also a guest editor for the Journal of Computational Science, Neurocomputing, Swarm, and Evolutionary Computation and IEEE ITS Magazine.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"275829",title:"Dr.",name:"Esther",middleName:null,surname:"Villar-Rodriguez",slug:"esther-villar-rodriguez",fullName:"Esther Villar-Rodriguez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/275829/images/system/275829.jpg",biography:"Dr. Esther Villar obtained a Ph.D. in Information and Communication Technologies from the University of Alcalá, Spain, in 2015. She obtained a degree in Computer Science from the University of Deusto, Spain, in 2010, and an MSc in Computer Languages and Systems from the National University of Distance Education, Spain, in 2012. Her areas of interest and knowledge include natural language processing (NLP), detection of impersonation in social networks, semantic web, and machine learning. Dr. Esther Villar made several contributions at conferences and publishing in various journals in those fields. Currently, she is working within the OPTIMA (Optimization Modeling & Analytics) business of TECNALIA’s ICT Division as a data scientist in projects related to the prediction and optimization of management and industrial processes (resource planning, energy efficiency, etc).",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"49813",title:"Dr.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Del Ser",slug:"javier-del-ser",fullName:"Javier Del Ser",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49813/images/system/49813.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Javier Del Ser received his first PhD in Telecommunication Engineering (Cum Laude) from the University of Navarra, Spain, in 2006, and a second PhD in Computational Intelligence (Summa Cum Laude) from the University of Alcala, Spain, in 2013. He is currently a principal researcher in data analytics and optimisation at TECNALIA (Spain), a visiting fellow at the Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM) and a part-time lecturer at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). His research interests gravitate on the use of descriptive, prescriptive and predictive algorithms for data mining and optimization in a diverse range of application fields such as Energy, Transport, Telecommunications, Health and Industry, among others. In these fields he has published more than 240 articles, co-supervised 8 Ph.D. theses, edited 6 books, coauthored 7 patents and participated/led more than 40 research projects. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE, and a recipient of the Biscay Talent prize for his academic career.",institutionString:"Tecnalia Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"278948",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"Gonçalves",slug:"carlos-pedro-goncalves",fullName:"Carlos Pedro Gonçalves",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRcmyQAC/Profile_Picture_1564224512145",biography:'Carlos Pedro Gonçalves (PhD) is an Associate Professor at Lusophone University of Humanities and Technologies and a researcher on Complexity Sciences, Quantum Technologies, Artificial Intelligence, Strategic Studies, Studies in Intelligence and Security, FinTech and Financial Risk Modeling. He is also a progammer with programming experience in:\n\nA) Quantum Computing using Qiskit Python module and IBM Quantum Experience Platform, with software developed on the simulation of Quantum Artificial Neural Networks and Quantum Cybersecurity;\n\nB) Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning programming in Python;\n\nC) Artificial Intelligence, Multiagent Systems Modeling and System Dynamics Modeling in Netlogo, with models developed in the areas of Chaos Theory, Econophysics, Artificial Intelligence, Classical and Quantum Complex Systems Science, with the Econophysics models having been cited worldwide and incorporated in PhD programs by different Universities.\n\nReceived an Arctic Code Vault Contributor status by GitHub, due to having developed open source software preserved in the \\"Arctic Code Vault\\" for future generations (https://archiveprogram.github.com/arctic-vault/), with the Strategy Analyzer A.I. module for decision making support (based on his PhD thesis, used in his Classes on Decision Making and in Strategic Intelligence Consulting Activities) and QNeural Python Quantum Neural Network simulator also preserved in the \\"Arctic Code Vault\\", for access to these software modules see: https://github.com/cpgoncalves. He is also a peer reviewer with outsanding review status from Elsevier journals, including Physica A, Neurocomputing and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. Science CV available at: https://www.cienciavitae.pt//pt/8E1C-A8B3-78C5 and ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0298-3974',institutionString:"University of Lisbon",institution:{name:"Universidade Lusófona",country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"241400",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:null,surname:"Bsiss",slug:"mohammed-bsiss",fullName:"Mohammed Bsiss",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/241400/images/8062_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"276128",title:"Dr.",name:"Hira",middleName:null,surname:"Fatima",slug:"hira-fatima",fullName:"Hira Fatima",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/276128/images/14420_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Hira Fatima\nAssistant Professor\nDepartment of Mathematics\nInstitute of Applied Science\nMangalayatan University, Aligarh\nMobile: no : 8532041179\nhirafatima2014@gmal.com\n\nDr. Hira Fatima has received his Ph.D. degree in pure Mathematics from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh India. Currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mathematics, Institute of Applied Science, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh. She taught so many courses of Mathematics of UG and PG level. Her research Area of Expertise is Functional Analysis & Sequence Spaces. She has been working on Ideal Convergence of double sequence. She has published 17 research papers in National and International Journals including Cogent Mathematics, Filomat, Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, Advances in Difference Equations, Journal of Mathematical Analysis, Journal of Mathematical & Computer Science etc. She has also reviewed few research papers for the and international journals. She is a member of Indian Mathematical Society.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"414880",title:"Dr.",name:"Maryam",middleName:null,surname:"Vatankhah",slug:"maryam-vatankhah",fullName:"Maryam Vatankhah",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Borough of Manhattan Community College",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"414879",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammad-Reza",middleName:null,surname:"Akbarzadeh-Totonchi",slug:"mohammad-reza-akbarzadeh-totonchi",fullName:"Mohammad-Reza Akbarzadeh-Totonchi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ferdowsi University of Mashhad",country:{name:"Iran"}}},{id:"414878",title:"Prof.",name:"Reza",middleName:null,surname:"Fazel-Rezai",slug:"reza-fazel-rezai",fullName:"Reza Fazel-Rezai",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"American Public University System",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"426586",title:"Dr.",name:"Oladunni A.",middleName:null,surname:"Daramola",slug:"oladunni-a.-daramola",fullName:"Oladunni A. Daramola",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Federal University of Technology",country:{name:"Nigeria"}}},{id:"357014",title:"Prof.",name:"Leon",middleName:null,surname:"Bobrowski",slug:"leon-bobrowski",fullName:"Leon Bobrowski",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Bialystok University of Technology",country:{name:"Poland"}}},{id:"302698",title:"Dr.",name:"Yao",middleName:null,surname:"Shan",slug:"yao-shan",fullName:"Yao Shan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Dalian University of Technology",country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"354126",title:"Dr.",name:"Setiawan",middleName:null,surname:"Hadi",slug:"setiawan-hadi",fullName:"Setiawan Hadi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Padjadjaran University",country:{name:"Indonesia"}}},{id:"125911",title:"Prof.",name:"Jia-Ching",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"jia-ching-wang",fullName:"Jia-Ching Wang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"National Central University",country:{name:"Taiwan"}}},{id:"332603",title:"Prof.",name:"Kumar S.",middleName:null,surname:"Ray",slug:"kumar-s.-ray",fullName:"Kumar S. Ray",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Statistical Institute",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"415409",title:"Prof.",name:"Maghsoud",middleName:null,surname:"Amiri",slug:"maghsoud-amiri",fullName:"Maghsoud Amiri",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Allameh Tabataba'i University",country:{name:"Iran"}}},{id:"357085",title:"Mr.",name:"P. Mohan",middleName:null,surname:"Anand",slug:"p.-mohan-anand",fullName:"P. Mohan Anand",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"356696",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"P.V.",middleName:null,surname:"Sai Charan",slug:"p.v.-sai-charan",fullName:"P.V. Sai Charan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"357086",title:"Prof.",name:"Sandeep K.",middleName:null,surname:"Shukla",slug:"sandeep-k.-shukla",fullName:"Sandeep K. Shukla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur",country:{name:"India"}}}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"18",type:"subseries",title:"Proteomics",keywords:"Mono- and Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (1-and 2-DE), Liquid Chromatography (LC), Mass Spectrometry/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS; MS/MS), Proteins",scope:"With the recognition that the human genome cannot provide answers to the etiology of a disorder, changes in the proteins expressed by a genome became a focus in research. Thus proteomics, an area of research that detects all protein forms expressed in an organism, including splice isoforms and post-translational modifications, is more suitable than genomics for a comprehensive understanding of the biochemical processes that govern life. The most common proteomics applications are currently in the clinical field for the identification, in a variety of biological matrices, of biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of disorders. From the comparison of proteomic profiles of control and disease or different physiological states, which may emerge, changes in protein expression can provide new insights into the roles played by some proteins in human pathologies. Understanding how proteins function and interact with each other is another goal of proteomics that makes this approach even more intriguing. Specialized technology and expertise are required to assess the proteome of any biological sample. Currently, proteomics relies mainly on mass spectrometry (MS) combined with electrophoretic (1 or 2-DE-MS) and/or chromatographic techniques (LC-MS/MS). MS is an excellent tool that has gained popularity in proteomics because of its ability to gather a complex body of information such as cataloging protein expression, identifying protein modification sites, and defining protein interactions. The Proteomics topic aims to attract contributions on all aspects of MS-based proteomics that, by pushing the boundaries of MS capabilities, may address biological problems that have not been resolved yet.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/18.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!0,hasPublishedBooks:!0,annualVolume:11414,editor:{id:"200689",title:"Prof.",name:"Paolo",middleName:null,surname:"Iadarola",slug:"paolo-iadarola",fullName:"Paolo Iadarola",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSCl8QAG/Profile_Picture_1623568118342",biography:"Paolo Iadarola graduated with a degree in Chemistry from the University of Pavia (Italy) in July 1972. He then worked as an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Science of the same University until 1984. In 1985, Prof. Iadarola became Associate Professor at the Department of Biology and Biotechnologies of the University of Pavia and retired in October 2017. Since then, he has been working as an Adjunct Professor in the same Department at the University of Pavia. His research activity during the first years was primarily focused on the purification and structural characterization of enzymes from animal and plant sources. During this period, Prof. Iadarola familiarized himself with the conventional techniques used in column chromatography, spectrophotometry, manual Edman degradation, and electrophoresis). Since 1995, he has been working on: i) the determination in biological fluids (serum, urine, bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum) of proteolytic activities involved in the degradation processes of connective tissue matrix, and ii) on the identification of biological markers of lung diseases. In this context, he has developed and validated new methodologies (e.g., Capillary Electrophoresis coupled to Laser-Induced Fluorescence, CE-LIF) whose application enabled him to determine both the amounts of biochemical markers (Desmosines) in urine/serum of patients affected by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and the activity of proteolytic enzymes (Human Neutrophil Elastase, Cathepsin G, Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase) in sputa of these patients. More recently, Prof. Iadarola was involved in developing techniques such as two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (2DE-LC/MS) for the proteomic analysis of biological fluids aimed at the identification of potential biomarkers of different lung diseases. He is the author of about 150 publications (According to Scopus: H-Index: 23; Total citations: 1568- According to WOS: H-Index: 20; Total Citations: 1296) of peer-reviewed international journals. He is a Consultant Reviewer for several journals, including the Journal of Chromatography A, Journal of Chromatography B, Plos ONE, Proteomes, International Journal of Molecular Science, Biotech, Electrophoresis, and others. He is also Associate Editor of Biotech.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Pavia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},editorTwo:{id:"201414",title:"Dr.",name:"Simona",middleName:null,surname:"Viglio",slug:"simona-viglio",fullName:"Simona Viglio",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRKDHQA4/Profile_Picture_1630402531487",biography:"Simona Viglio is an Associate Professor of Biochemistry at the Department of Molecular Medicine at the University of Pavia. She has been working since 1995 on the determination of proteolytic enzymes involved in the degradation process of connective tissue matrix and on the identification of biological markers of lung diseases. She gained considerable experience in developing and validating new methodologies whose applications allowed her to determine both the amount of biomarkers (Desmosine and Isodesmosine) in the urine of patients affected by COPD, and the activity of proteolytic enzymes (HNE, Cathepsin G, Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase) in the sputa of these patients. Simona Viglio was also involved in research dealing with the supplementation of amino acids in patients with brain injury and chronic heart failure. She is presently engaged in the development of 2-DE and LC-MS techniques for the study of proteomics in biological fluids. The aim of this research is the identification of potential biomarkers of lung diseases. She is an author of about 90 publications (According to Scopus: H-Index: 23; According to WOS: H-Index: 20) on peer-reviewed journals, a member of the “Società Italiana di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare,“ and a Consultant Reviewer for International Journal of Molecular Science, Journal of Chromatography A, COPD, Plos ONE and Nutritional Neuroscience.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Pavia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},editorThree:null,series:{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",issn:"2632-0983"},editorialBoard:[{id:"72288",title:"Dr.",name:"Arli Aditya",middleName:null,surname:"Parikesit",slug:"arli-aditya-parikesit",fullName:"Arli Aditya Parikesit",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/72288/images/system/72288.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Indonesia"}}},{id:"40928",title:"Dr.",name:"Cesar",middleName:null,surname:"Lopez-Camarillo",slug:"cesar-lopez-camarillo",fullName:"Cesar Lopez-Camarillo",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/40928/images/3884_n.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"81926",title:"Dr.",name:"Shymaa",middleName:null,surname:"Enany",slug:"shymaa-enany",fullName:"Shymaa Enany",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/81926/images/system/81926.png",institutionString:"Suez Canal University",institution:{name:"Suez Canal University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:26,paginationItems:[{id:"83087",title:"Role of Cellular Responses in Periodontal Tissue Destruction",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106645",signatures:"Nam Cong-Nhat Huynh",slug:"role-of-cellular-responses-in-periodontal-tissue-destruction",totalDownloads:8,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Periodontology - New Insights",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11566.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"82654",title:"Atraumatic Restorative Treatment: More than a Minimally Invasive Approach?",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105623",signatures:"Manal A. Ablal",slug:"atraumatic-restorative-treatment-more-than-a-minimally-invasive-approach",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Dental Caries - The Selection of Restoration Methods and Restorative Materials",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11565.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"82735",title:"The Influence of Salivary pH on the Prevalence of Dental Caries",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106154",signatures:"Laura-Cristina Rusu, Alexandra Roi, Ciprian-Ioan Roi, Codruta Victoria Tigmeanu and Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean",slug:"the-influence-of-salivary-ph-on-the-prevalence-of-dental-caries",totalDownloads:12,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Dental Caries - The Selection of Restoration Methods and Restorative Materials",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11565.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"82357",title:"Caries Management Aided by Fluorescence-Based Devices",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105567",signatures:"Atena Galuscan, Daniela Jumanca and Aurora Doris Fratila",slug:"caries-management-aided-by-fluorescence-based-devices",totalDownloads:6,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Dental Caries - The Selection of Restoration Methods and Restorative Materials",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11565.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"81894",title:"Diet and Nutrition and Their Relationship with Early Childhood Dental Caries",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105123",signatures:"Luanna Gonçalves Ferreira, Giuliana de Campos Chaves Lamarque and Francisco Wanderley Garcia Paula-Silva",slug:"diet-and-nutrition-and-their-relationship-with-early-childhood-dental-caries",totalDownloads:20,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Dental Caries - The Selection of Restoration Methods and Restorative Materials",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11565.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"80964",title:"Upper Airway Expansion in Disabled Children",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102830",signatures:"David Andrade, Joana Andrade, Maria-João Palha, Cristina Areias, Paula Macedo, Ana Norton, Miguel Palha, Lurdes Morais, Dóris Rocha Ruiz and Sônia Groisman",slug:"upper-airway-expansion-in-disabled-children",totalDownloads:44,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Oral Health Care - An Important Issue of the Modern Society",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10827.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"80839",title:"Herbs and Oral Health",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103715",signatures:"Zuhair S. Natto",slug:"herbs-and-oral-health",totalDownloads:70,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Oral Health Care - An Important Issue of the Modern Society",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10827.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"80441",title:"Periodontitis and Heart Disease: Current Perspectives on the Associative Relationships and Preventive Impact",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102669",signatures:"Alexandra Roman, Andrada Soancă, Bogdan Caloian, Alexandru Bucur, Gabriela Valentina Caracostea, Andreia Paraschiva Preda, Dora Maria Popescu, Iulia Cristina Micu, Petra Șurlin, Andreea Ciurea, Diana Oneț, Mircea Viorel Ciurea, Dragoș Alexandru Țermure and Marius Negucioiu",slug:"periodontitis-and-heart-disease-current-perspectives-on-the-associative-relationships-and-preventive",totalDownloads:66,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Oral Health Care - An Important Issue of the Modern Society",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10827.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"79498",title:"Oral Aspects and Dental Management of Special Needs Patient",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101067",signatures:"Pinar Kiymet Karataban",slug:"oral-aspects-and-dental-management-of-special-needs-patient",totalDownloads:116,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Pinar",surname:"Karataban"}],book:{title:"Oral Health Care - An Important Issue of the Modern Society",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10827.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"79699",title:"Metabolomics Distinction of Cigarette Smokers from Non-Smokers Using Non-Stationary Benchtop Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Analysis of Human Saliva",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101414",signatures:"Benita C. Percival, Angela Wann, Sophie Taylor, Mark Edgar, Miles Gibson and Martin Grootveld",slug:"metabolomics-distinction-of-cigarette-smokers-from-non-smokers-using-non-stationary-benchtop-nuclear",totalDownloads:56,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Oral Health Care - An Important Issue of the Modern Society",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10827.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"80295",title:"Preventive Methods and Treatments of White Spot Lesions in Orthodontics",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102064",signatures:"Elif Nadide Akay",slug:"preventive-methods-and-treatments-of-white-spot-lesions-in-orthodontics",totalDownloads:89,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Oral Health Care - An Important Issue of the Modern Society",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10827.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"79876",title:"Management and Prevention Strategies for Treating Dentine Hypersensitivity",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101495",signatures:"David G. Gillam",slug:"management-and-prevention-strategies-for-treating-dentine-hypersensitivity",totalDownloads:94,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Oral Health Care - An Important Issue of the Modern Society",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10827.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"80020",title:"Alternative Denture Base Materials for Allergic Patients",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101956",signatures:"Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean, Laura-Cristina Rusu and Codruta Victoria Tigmeanu",slug:"alternative-denture-base-materials-for-allergic-patients",totalDownloads:198,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Oral Health Care - An Important Issue of the Modern Society",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10827.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"79297",title:"Oral Health and Prevention in Older Adults",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101043",signatures:"Irma Fabiola Díaz-García, Dinorah Munira Hernández-Santos, Julio Alberto Díaz-Ramos and Neyda Ma. Mendoza-Ruvalcaba",slug:"oral-health-and-prevention-in-older-adults",totalDownloads:113,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Oral Health Care - An Important Issue of the Modern Society",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10827.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"79903",title:"Molecular Docking of Phytochemicals against Streptococcus mutans Virulence Targets: A Proteomic Insight into Drug Planning",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101506",signatures:"Diego Romário da Silva, Tahyná Duda Deps, Otavio Akira Souza Sakaguchi, Edja Maria Melo de Brito Costa, Carlus Alberto Oliveira dos Santos, Joanilda Paolla Raimundo e Silva, Bruna Dantas da Silva, Frederico Favaro Ribeiro, Francisco Jaime Bezerra Mendonça-Júnior and Andréa Cristina Barbosa da Silva",slug:"molecular-docking-of-phytochemicals-against-em-streptococcus-mutans-em-virulence-targets-a-proteomic",totalDownloads:114,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Oral Health Care - An Important Issue of the Modern Society",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10827.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"79754",title:"Evaluation of Trans-Resveratrol as a Treatment for Periodontitis",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101477",signatures:"Tracey Lynn Harney",slug:"evaluation-of-trans-resveratrol-as-a-treatment-for-periodontitis",totalDownloads:112,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,authors:null,book:{title:"Oral Health Care - An Important Issue of the Modern Society",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10827.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}}]},publishedBooks:{paginationCount:1,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"11392",title:"Leadership in a Changing World",subtitle:"A Multidimensional Perspective",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11392.jpg",slug:"leadership-in-a-changing-world-a-multidimensional-perspective",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Muhammad Mohiuddin, Bilal Khalid, Md. Samim Al Azad and Slimane Ed-dafali",hash:"86a6d33cf601587e591064ce92effc02",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Leadership in a Changing World - A Multidimensional Perspective",editors:[{id:"418514",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Mohiuddin",slug:"muhammad-mohiuddin",fullName:"Muhammad Mohiuddin",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000038UqSfQAK/Profile_Picture_2022-05-13T10:39:03.jpg",institutionString:"Université Laval",institution:{name:"Université Laval",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Canada"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},testimonialsList:[{id:"8",text:"I work with IntechOpen for a number of reasons: their professionalism, their mission in support of Open Access publishing, and the quality of their peer-reviewed publications, but also because they believe in equality.",author:{id:"202192",name:"Catrin",surname:"Rutland",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",slug:"catrin-rutland",institution:{id:"134",name:"University of Nottingham",country:{id:null,name:"United Kingdom"}}}},{id:"27",text:"The opportunity to work with a prestigious publisher allows for the possibility to collaborate with more research groups interested in animal nutrition, leading to the development of new feeding strategies and food valuation while being more sustainable with the environment, allowing more readers to learn about the subject.",author:{id:"175967",name:"Manuel",surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",institution:{id:"6221",name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",country:{id:null,name:"Mexico"}}}},{id:"18",text:"It was great publishing with IntechOpen, the process was straightforward and I had support all along.",author:{id:"71579",name:"Berend",surname:"Olivier",institutionString:"Utrecht University",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/71579/images/system/71579.png",slug:"berend-olivier",institution:{id:"253",name:"Utrecht University",country:{id:null,name:"Netherlands"}}}}]},submityourwork:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:90,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:108,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:33,numberOfPublishedChapters:330,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:14,numberOfPublishedChapters:145,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:141,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:124,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:112,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:22,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:11,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-6580",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],subseriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Bacterial Infectious Diseases",scope:"