Released this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
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We wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
IntechOpen is proud to announce that 191 of our authors have made the Clarivate™ Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020, ranking them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\n
Throughout the years, the list has named a total of 261 IntechOpen authors as Highly Cited. Of those researchers, 69 have been featured on the list multiple times.
\n\n\n\n
Released this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\n
We wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
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\r\n\tNowadays, the Internet of things (IoT) is a relatively new research field, so several developments and research works focused on this matter can be found in the literature and the market.
\r\n
\r\n\t \r\n\tHowever, now that this technology has advanced enough, it is important to focus our attention on the use that is being made of it to expand its field of application and improve the current systems.
\r\n
\r\n\t \r\n\tTo achieve this goal, this book aims to collect a series of multidisciplinary works and studies about security in IoT systems, reliability mechanism for data transmission, the correct use of the information provided by those systems, and the inference about the data obtained. Moreover classical IoT systems with new approaches will be included.
\r\n
\r\n\t \r\n\tThe main goal of this book is to give a new vision inside IoT systems by combining them with other new technologies, and without losing sight of the new advances and applications around these systems.
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1. Introduction
Large scale hazard indication maps of avalanche protection provide an overview of areas potentially endangered by snow avalanches [1]. Such hazard maps serve in Switzerland also as a basis to define the extent of avalanche protection forests [2]. The first available hazard indication maps of avalanche protection at the beginning of the 21st century [2, 3] were based on a relatively coarse 25-m digital elevation model and simple forest vs. non-forest scenarios. In the meantime, we have increasingly advanced remote sensing data such as airborne LiDAR data and, in particular, highly resolved digital elevation models [4, 5], and additional and refined knowledge on avalanche-forest interactions [6, 7]. In this contribution we outline how we can take advantage of newly available process knowledge, refined spatial data and numerical modeling to improve avalanche protection forest maps, related applications and visualizations.
2. Process knowledge: avalanche protective effects of forest
The main effects of avalanche protection forests are that avalanches do generally not release in sufficiently dense forest and that smaller avalanches can be slowed down or stopped by forest [6, 7, 8]. These effects are not only influenced by the forest structure but also by topographical factors and the properties and thickness of the snow cover. Critical thresholds for the spontaneous release of avalanches can be different inside the forest compared to the open field. For example, avalanches in forests mainly occur on slopes with an inclination of at least 35° [9], whereas in open areas, they may also occur in less steep terrain below 30° [10]. The surface roughness of the terrain is a crucial factor, at least as long as the snow cover thickness in the forest does not exceed the effective height of the dominant objects such as trees, root plates, logs or deposited rocks [11].
There are essentially four physical processes that contribute to the stabilization of the snow cover in forests: (1) Interception of falling snow: Snow is partly intercepted on branches and sublimated back into the atmosphere [12]. Intercepted snow, which is not sublimated, enters the snowpack in the form of snow lumps or meltwater [13]. (2) More balanced radiation regime: The duration of solar radiation and the long-wave radiation during the night are reduced in forests compared to open field [14, 15]. (3) Reduced wind speeds: Within the forest, near-surface wind speeds are lower than in the open [16]. (4) Direct mechanical support: Standing trees, but also lying dead wood, stumps, and root plates help to stabilize the snow cover with their reinforcing effect and increase the roughness of the terrain [6, 17].
As a result of these four processes, crown coverage, gap sizes and slope angle are considered the most essential characteristics for avalanche prevention in forests (see also chapter [18] of this book). Critical thresholds can be estimated from the retro analysis of events in relation to the topographical factors and snow properties [19, 20]. Based on such studies, critical lengths of forest gaps in the fall line are usually given in the range between 25 and 60 m, depending on slope inclination [18, 21]. Some authors also propose to use the height of the trees for defining the length and width of these gaps [22]. The size of gaps is also decisive in determining whether a small-medium scale avalanche (< 10′000 m3) that starts in the forest can potentially develop into a large avalanche (≥10′000 m3). The minimum gap width required to form avalanches is generally smaller in deciduous forests (approx. 5–10 m) than in evergreen forests (approx. 15–20 m), with considerable variation depending on steepness, terrain roughness and snow conditions. Smaller avalanches, which start in the forest or 100–200 m above the forest line, can come to a stop depending on the forest structure, topography and snow characteristics in the forest. The braking effect of the forest is a consequence of various interactions between avalanches and trees [6, 7] but is for large-scale hazard mapping usually simplified and modeled with a friction approach [8].
3. From process knowledge to maps
In order to create large-scale and applicable maps of forests with a protective effect and/or protective function (protection forest maps), it is necessary to deduce criteria from existing process knowledge and combine them with appropriate remote sensing and other available GIS-Data. For a hazard indication mapping project in the Canton of Grisons (eastern Switzerland) we consequently aimed at the following criteria for the delineation of avalanche protection forest (Figure 1 and Table 1):
Based on existing data: We used data on 150 avalanches released in forested terrain of the Swiss Alps and deduced a logistic regression model to quantify the effect of topographical and forest structural variables ([19, 20], Table 1).
Comprehensive and automatized: We aimed for a completely automatized and comprehensible delineation of the protection forest for the whole area of the Canton Grisons. Thus, it is necessary that all variables and criteria used to delineate the forest with an avalanche protective function and effect could be spatially deduced from newly available remote sensing data and/or additional GIS data, which are available for the whole Canton of Grisons and can potentially be repeated later with updated forest data.
Verified and optimized: The delineation of the avalanche protection forest had to be verified and further adapted by knowledge from scientists and local natural hazard and forest experts. In order to verify the effect of the forest structure on avalanche runout, an additional optimization loop had to be conducted after the simulation with the avalanche simulation software RAMMS [8, 23].
Figure 1.
Schematic structure of the model for calculating the spatial extend of avalanche protection forest. The core of the disposition model is a logistic model based on avalanche releases in forested terrain [23]. A vegetation height model (VHM) [3], a digital terrain model (DTM) [24], a forest mask [3, 25], a shrub layer [26] and a surface roughness layer according to [27] were used as input GIS-data.
Considered variables and threshold
Definition
Crown cover
The higher the crown cover, the lower the likelihood of an avalanche release. The crown cover is calculated based on a percentual proportion of pixels with a higher VHM value than the crown cover threshold. This procedure is done within a 5 m and 25 m environment, and the arithmetical mean is calculated.
Gap width
Pixels that have a lower VHM value than the Gap-threshold (see definition below) are considered as a gap. If multiple gap pixels are adjacent to each other, a polygon is drawn, which represents the gap. The gap polygon is intersected with the contour lines to extract gap width. The length of the contour line represents the width of the gap. Gaps smaller than 500 m2 were neglected after verification of avalanche runout with RAMMS simulations To get homogeneous results, the mean over a 10 m environment is calculated.
Slope angle
The angle of the slope was calculated based on a 10-m DTM. Values lower than 28° and higher 48° are considered as constant. In the range within 28 and 48° an increase of inclination is expected to lead to a higher potential for an avalanche release.
Forest cover-threshold
In order to take into account the coverage at different spatial scales and to optimize the detection of trees, especially in a critical range between 3 and 5 m, the following VHM limits have been set.
Frequent event: 4 m for 5 × 5 m and 3 m for 25 × 25 m environment
Rare event: 5 m for 5 × 5 m and 4 m for 25 × 25 m environment
Gap-threshold
The local snow depth for a 100-years event was calculated according to [28] and corrected by a factor of 0.85 for frequent and 1.14 for rare events. The calculated snow heights multiplied by the factor 1.5 according to Protect-Bio [29] result in the respective tree height limit. To compensate for underestimations of tree heights within the VHM, a constant height was subtracted from the VHM raster value.
Surface roughness
The surface roughness influences on the likelihood of an avalanche release, especially when the snow height is low. The roughness was calculated with the “Vector Ruggedness Measure” (VRM) according to [27] based on a 2-m DTM (SwissAlti3D) and a moving window of 5 × 5 m. Based on empirical comparisons, areas with a value > 0.02 are considered as rough. For rough areas that do not show lateral convex curvature an increase of 10% of the avalanche disposition is accounted for.
Shrub forest
Shrub forests tend to protect less against an avalanche release. Trees such as green alder Alnus viridis (Chaix.) DC. or the shrub form of mountain pine Pinus mugo have more flexible stems than upright trees of the same size. Thus, they are pressed down by snow. We address the limited protection capability of shrub forests by assigning a decrease of 10% of the avalanche disposition for all areas classified as shrub forests according to [26].
Avalanche disposition
Statistically deduced disposition of each pixel to be part of an avalanche release area, given as a value from 0 to 1 according to a logistic model with following formula: Logit(release 1/0) = −6.17 + 0.18 * slope angle [Degrees] – 0.03 * crown cover [%] – 0.05 * gap width [m].
Protection forest index
Index calculated from avalanche disposition and additional parameters (roughness, shrub forest) (may have values from −10 to 110)
Protection forest-threshold
The threshold for the protection forest index, based on validation in well-documented areas. Threshold values for fulfilled protective effect were:
Frequent scenario: Forest with a protection forest index < 65
Extreme scenario: Forest with protection forest index < 85
Table 1.
Variables, threshold values and definitions for delineating avalanche protection forest for a frequent (ca. 10–30 years event) and extreme (ca. 100–300 years event).
A central component within this framework is the logistic regression model calculated with the most important variables “slope inclination”, “percentage of crown cover” and “gap width”, adapted from [20]. Those variables were implemented within a GIS approach. The algorithm is described in detail in Table 1. Based on spatial input data sets (e.g., vegetation height model [VHM] and digital terrain model [DTM]) [24] and various GIS operations, we calculated an “avalanche disposition” between 0 (no disposition) and 100% (very high avalanche release probability). To minimize the calculation time, a forest mask was used to delimit the calculation domain of the model. This forest mask consists of a combination of forest areas defined by the Federal Office of Topography (Swisstopo) and the Swiss National Forest Inventory, NFI [4, 25]. We defined different threshold values for tree heights to assign forest gaps (“Gap-threshold”) and forest cover (“Forest cover-threshold”) for different avalanche scenarios (frequent scenario vs. extreme scenario according for regionally expected snow-heights according to [28]). Additionally, we accounted for two factors which could not be quantitatively deduced from the original logistic model, but which turned out to be of additional relevance and for which spatial data were available for the whole canton: (1) a scrub forest area layer [26] helped to assign an adequately higher avalanche disposition to areas covered by shrubs. (2) We delineated areas with a high surface roughness from a high resolution DTM, and which do not show lateral convex curvature. With this combined requirement, we could exclude vertical gullies with high terrain roughness, as they are known for frequent avalanche release. Based on (1) and (2), we assigned higher values to the protection forest index for areas with considerable terrain roughness and lower values for areas that are covered by shrub forests (Figure 1). The resulting “protection forest index” builds the basis for the protection forest maps. The exact threshold values defining a sufficient protection forest index for frequent (ca. 10–30 years return period), and extreme (ca. 100–300 years return period) scenarios could then be defined in an iterative process after validating avalanche simulations with former avalanche events and after discussing different scenarios (with and without forests) together with the responsible regional natural hazard experts [31].
The avalanche protection forest map for the Canton of Grisons (Figure 2) is thus the result of an iterative process starting with an empirical statistical model of avalanche releases in forested terrain and was subsequently improved in several working and validation loops. The iterative process allowed us, for example, to better account for the stopping behavior of small and very small avalanches in forested terrain and how these processes are simulated with the avalanche dynamics software RAMMS [8]. In the applied model, the turbulent friction ξ (Xi) is set to a very high value, simulating the braking effect of the forest. Other adaptations introduced after validation loops included a stronger representation of surface roughness, leading to an increase in the protection forest index of forests with high surface roughness and may shift the categorization for some forests with a relatively open forest structure but a high surface roughness. Additionally, we considered differences between actual tree heights and how these tree heights were assessed with the available vegetation height models [3, 30]. Besides validating the forest cover map after the simulation of avalanches and besides the feedback of regional experts, it was also essential to validate the delineation of the avalanche protection forest maps specifically in well-investigated areas with known tree heights and avalanche history.
Figure 2.
Protection forest map for the Canton Grisons for a frequent avalanche scenario (corresponding to avalanche events with a 10–30-year return period, displayed in blue and red combined) and for an extreme snow cover scenario (corresponding to a ca. 100–300-year avalanche event, displayed in red).
While all these validation procedures improved the quality and applicability of our map, more progress is possible during the following years by applying the map in practice and by introducing additional spatial data sets on forest characteristics. Therefore, the map will be updated once (i) reliable tree species maps are available in order for better consideration of the protective capacity of different forest types (e.g., forests dominated by evergreen coniferous trees, deciduous conifers or broadleaved trees) or (ii) after an improved understanding of the effect and the assessment of different surface roughness categories.
4. From static to interactive mapping
Two-dimensional protection forest, hazard indication or risk maps are still the standard application in the administration and consulting offices. Nevertheless, modern cartographic visualization strategies go far beyond showing a static portray of reality at a given point in time. Especially new advances in web technologies and multimedia integration, known as “web mapping”, make it possible to create easily shareable, user-friendly and robust web applications via different (mobile) devices such as smartphones, tablets or personal computers.
As forests undergo permanent and often abrupt changes in time, protection forest maps should be updated when more data or better process knowledge is available and after relevant changes in the forest structure. Map updates are particularly important with expected changes due to climate change and important legacies of past land use and expected increases in the frequency and severity of natural disturbances [30]. The development from static, two-dimensional maps to dynamic, interactive maps in a 3-D environment with possibilities to regularly update the visualization of protective effects in response to different forest scenarios would not only be a logical response to the increasing availability of spatial data, cartographic capabilities and computing capacity, but also a response to increasing practical needs. Compared to existing maps, dynamic maps enable to track effects of changes to the forest cover due to natural disturbances and different management scenarios on the protective capacity and other forest functions.
Based on the avalanche protection forest layer presented in this contribution, the avalanche hazard indication map for the canton of Grisons [32] was compiled and mapped for the first time with an interactive visualization platform (maps.wsl.ch), which is currently being developed at the WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF in Davos, Switzerland. In a first step, the latest findings on protection forests, RAMMS simulations of various avalanche scenarios and topographical and asset data such as buildings or roads were combined into an interactive user experience.
For the implementation, basic criteria were defined for the cartographic representation and the functional scopes of the interactive maps. In addition to a traditional two-dimensional map view, the user is offered a three-dimensional, spatial form of representation. Within this 3-D representation, all functions of “traditional” web mapping and other functions beyond are available. This means that the map reacts directly to the user, attributes and geometric data are linked, and interactive legends and diagrams are available. This encompasses the well-known functions of zooming, panning, perspective, 3-D navigation and flights through digital elevation models and three-dimensional objects like buildings or snow avalanche release areas, selection, print or an extended search function. The latest functions include the individual selection of layers, the retrieval of information via pop-ups, the creation of own bookmarks for quick navigation, the measurement of distances and areas in three-dimensional space as well as the personal editing of certain layers and the integration of shapefiles. The integration of shapefiles allows the user to upload recorded field data, for instance, and thus to overlay this data with the map content for visual analysis or prints. The functionality and design of the application will be improved in the future depending on the needs of the users and the progress in avalanche modeling.
The development of interactive web maps can broadly be categorized into three parts: 1) data preparation and visualization, 2) user interface design, and 3) application development. Hence, the map itself is only one element in a more prominent programmatically framework of digital cartography. For the detailed analysis and necessary transformations of the geospatial data that will be part of the application (step 1), conventional GIS software is used. Most of the layers are also being visualized at this stage. In order to keep the application lightweight in storage, all map data is being uploaded to a cloud or, respectively, a hosting data server. The user interface design is carried out with HTML and CSS (step 2), while for most of the application development, including all the functional parts, the programming language JavaScript is the main component. Finally, the application has to be run through a web server (maps.wsl.ch) responsible for distributing all necessary files to the client’s web browser (step 3).
In addition to the existing range of functions, the interactive maps are made to be increasingly dynamic. This is an updating of the map contents, which the user can also do. For example, a forester may digitize, edit and upload areas where forest disturbances such as windthrow, insect outbreaks or forest fires occurred or where a forest intervention is planned or implemented. However, providing modeling software as RAMMS via web service is neither possible nor planned so far.
Drone images or other collected data such as forest inventory data or climate data can provide additional information on selected sites (hotspots). Such dynamic, interactive maps will not only allow a user-friendly way to represent different forest scenarios or changes in forests, natural hazards or resulting risk but can also be used as a tool for (forest) planning or for consulting issues as well as for teaching and research (Figure 3).
Figure 3.
Insight into the interactive map platform, which is currently being developed at WSL (maps.wsl.ch). Shown is a map section of the Bergün region, Canton Grisons, Switzerland. The example shows how remote sensing data and avalanche models are used to identify hotspots and prioritize forest management in avalanche protection forests. In the top-left and top-right corner of the web application different user interface components can be found such as functional widgets, navigational tools and elements allowing for map customization. All forest classifications have been derived from an overlay analysis between the current avalanche protection forest layer of the canton and RAMMS simulations with and without forest for a frequent scenario (approx. 10–30 year avalanche event). Forests colored in green/blue have an effect on avalanches, which do not endanger buildings. Forests colored in light orange (slope < 35°) and red (≥35° steepness) have a (building) protective function and a protective effect against snow avalanches. The threshold of 35° inclination highlights potential avalanche release areas in disturbed sites (with high surface roughness) or in forests where forest structure is not appropriate. In the area of Bergün severe storms destroyed parts of the forest in 2018 (windthrow areas highlighted with pink outline and white mesh).
5. Conclusions
Automatically produced protection forest maps (showing protective effects and functions of forests) based on a sound scientific framework and reliable spatial data are an important basis for prioritizing management interventions and for deducing hazard indication maps or even legally binding hazard maps. In view of further optimizing such maps and their application in different regions, it is important to carefully validate the mapping procedure after the simulation of avalanches with regional experts. Furthermore, as the technology to assess spatial data, and the forest cover and its ability to reduce avalanche risks are changing with time, it is necessary to regularly update such maps and calculate them for different scenarios. Thus, we propose and currently develop web-based interactive maps as a new planning and visualization tool.
Acknowledgments
The protection forest map of Grisons has been supported by the Cantonal office for forest and natural hazards of the canton of Graubünden (Grisons). Additional funding has been provided by the WSL research program Climate Change Impacts on Alpine Mass Movements – CCAMM (ccamm.slf.ch) and by the prevention foundation of the Swiss cantonal building insurance (KGV). We thank in particular Roderick Kühne, Stephan Wohlwend, Andreas Stoffel and Stefan Margreth for support and feedback which helped to improve the maps. The map is still in evaluation. We also thank Frank Graf, Michaela Teich, Frank Perzl and Frédéric Berger for valuable comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
\n',keywords:"hazard indication maps, snow avalanches, interactive maps, remote sensing, protection forest",chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/78340.pdf",chapterXML:"https://mts.intechopen.com/source/xml/78340.xml",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/78340",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/78340",totalDownloads:110,totalViews:0,totalCrossrefCites:3,dateSubmitted:"July 16th 2021",dateReviewed:"August 17th 2021",datePrePublished:"August 31st 2021",datePublished:null,dateFinished:"August 30th 2021",readingETA:"0",abstract:"In order to prioritize protection forest management, it is essential to know where forests have an effect on avalanches and which criteria the forests have to meet to avoid avalanche releases and reduce avalanche runout distances. This contribution outlines how the current assessment of effective protection forest can be improved by combining process knowledge on forest-avalanche interactions with newly available remote sensing data, large-scale numerical modeling and cartographic visualization techniques. Within the scope of a practical application in the Canton of Grisons (Central Swiss Alps), we showcase how scenario-specific avalanche protection forest maps have been developed and implemented into natural hazard indication maps in collaboration with avalanche modelers and practitioners. We outline further developments of such combined information towards interactive, web-based decision support tools based on resulting maps of effective avalanche protection forests.",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/78340",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/78340",signatures:"Peter Bebi, Alexander Bast, Kevin Helzel, Gregor Schmucki, Natalie Brozova and Yves Bühler",book:{id:"10812",type:"book",title:"Protective forests as Ecosystem-based solution for Disaster Risk Reduction (ECO-DRR)",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Protective forests as Ecosystem-based solution for Disaster Risk Reduction (ECO-DRR)",slug:null,publishedDate:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Michaela Teich, Dr. Cristian Accastello, Dr. Frank Perzl and Dr. Karl Kleemayr",coverURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/cover.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY-NC 4.0",editedByType:null,isbn:"978-1-83969-326-7",printIsbn:"978-1-83969-325-0",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83969-327-4",isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"428790",title:"Dr.",name:"Michaela",middleName:null,surname:"Teich",slug:"michaela-teich",fullName:"Michaela Teich"}],productType:{id:"3",title:"Monograph",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Authored by"}},authors:null,sections:[{id:"sec_1",title:"1. Introduction",level:"1"},{id:"sec_2",title:"2. Process knowledge: avalanche protective effects of forest",level:"1"},{id:"sec_3",title:"3. From process knowledge to maps",level:"1"},{id:"sec_4",title:"4. From static to interactive mapping",level:"1"},{id:"sec_5",title:"5. Conclusions",level:"1"},{id:"sec_6",title:"Acknowledgments",level:"1"},{id:"sec_9",title:"Conflict of interest",level:"1"}],chapterReferences:[{id:"B1",body:'Gruber, U., and Bartelt, P. Snow avalanche hazard modelling of large areas using shallow water numerical methods and GIS. Environmental Modelling and Software, 2002; 22: 1472-1481. DOI:10.1016/j.envsoft.2007.01.001'},{id:"B2",body:'Losey, S. and A. Wehrli (2013) Schutzwald in der Schweiz. Vom Projekt SilvaProtect-CH zum harmonisierten Schutzwald. p. 29 und Anhänge. Bundesamt für Umwelt, Bern'},{id:"B3",body:'Giamboni, M. Wehri, A. (2008) Improving the management of protection forests in Switzerland. The project Silavprotect-ch. Interpraevent 2008. 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WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
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UK Research and Innovation (former Research Councils UK (RCUK) - including AHRC, BBSRC, ESRC, EPSRC, MRC, NERC, STFC.) Processing charges for books/book chapters can be covered through RCUK block grants which are allocated to most universities in the UK, which then handle the OA publication funding requests. It is at the discretion of the university whether it will approve the request.)
UK Research and Innovation (former Research Councils UK (RCUK) - including AHRC, BBSRC, ESRC, EPSRC, MRC, NERC, STFC.) Processing charges for books/book chapters can be covered through RCUK block grants which are allocated to most universities in the UK, which then handle the OA publication funding requests. It is at the discretion of the university whether it will approve the request.)
Wellcome Trust (Funding available only to Wellcome-funded researchers/grantees)
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Often in the implementation practice of companies’ social responsibility, there can be attention focus on one or even several very significant activities, which indicated that the organization has not yet assimilated the valuable content of this idea and is developing its activity by ignoring a very important principle of inner maturity.",book:{id:"5791",slug:"management-culture-and-corporate-social-responsibility",title:"Management Culture and Corporate Social Responsibility",fullTitle:"Management Culture and Corporate Social Responsibility"},signatures:"Pranas Žukauskas, Jolita Vveinhardt and Regina Andriukaitienė",authors:[{id:"179629",title:"Prof.",name:"Jolita",middleName:null,surname:"Vveinhardt",slug:"jolita-vveinhardt",fullName:"Jolita Vveinhardt"}]},{id:"59158",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73785",title:"Professional Social Responsibility in Engineering",slug:"professional-social-responsibility-in-engineering",totalDownloads:2892,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:6,abstract:"This chapter presents a range of viewpoints on the social responsibilities of the engineering profession. These social responsibilities of the engineering profession are in many ways synonymous with macroethics. Analysis of the engineering codes of ethics and educational requirements are used to support these arguments, and are compared with the perceptions of engineering students and working engineers. The social responsibilities of engineers include human safety and environmental protection in engineering designs. But it may extend further to include pro bono work and considerations of social justice issues. Research has found that perceptions of the professional social responsibilities of engineers vary across different countries/cultures, engineering disciplines (e.g., mechanical versus environmental engineers) and by gender. The impact of engineering education and broader college experiences on evolving notions of professional social responsibility will be described, in particular community engagement. Concerns about decreasing commitment to socially responsible engineering among college students, a so-called “culture of disengagement” will be presented, as well of the interaction of students’ social goals for engineering and leaving engineering studies.",book:{id:"6630",slug:"social-responsibility",title:"Social Responsibility",fullTitle:"Social Responsibility"},signatures:"Angela R. 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We applied a Moderated Regression Analysis using the aggregate ESG scores as a CSR proxy on a panel data of listed French Companies (SBF120) over the period 2008–2017. Our findings are in line with legitimacy theory, suggesting that social initiatives would be mean to strengthen the legitimacy and to secure “license to operate”. Furthermore, firm visibility would be a contingency variable that moderates positively CSR-FFP relationship.",book:{id:"9032",slug:"corporate-social-responsibility",title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",fullTitle:"Corporate Social Responsibility"},signatures:"Zyed Achour and Sonia Boukattaya",authors:[{id:"325022",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Zyed",middleName:null,surname:"Achour",slug:"zyed-achour",fullName:"Zyed Achour"},{id:"325106",title:"Dr.",name:"Sonia",middleName:null,surname:"Boukattaya",slug:"sonia-boukattaya",fullName:"Sonia Boukattaya"}]},{id:"62266",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.77373",title:"Mining Conflicts and Corporate Social Responsibility in Kenya’s Nascent Mining Industry: A Call for Legislation",slug:"mining-conflicts-and-corporate-social-responsibility-in-kenya-s-nascent-mining-industry-a-call-for-l",totalDownloads:1382,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:3,abstract:"Much of the debate in Africa with regard to mining has been on the question on whether or not mining is good for development. While some scholars agree that mining is indeed good for development, others have argued that the structural constraints found in many developing nations render mining almost untenable. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been suggested as one of the ways through which the difficulties associated with mining can be ameliorated. However, CSR activities in developing countries, especially in Africa, have had a questionable reputation. Many view the few programs rolled out under this program as having done little in meeting the needs of the affected mining communities. CSR in Kenya’s mining industry has, on its part, received very little attention. This work reviews mining conflicts in Africa and examines how CSR can assuage mining community disaffection over mining projects.",book:{id:"6630",slug:"social-responsibility",title:"Social Responsibility",fullTitle:"Social Responsibility"},signatures:"Willice O. Abuya",authors:[{id:"239807",title:"Dr.",name:"Willice",middleName:null,surname:"Abuya",slug:"willice-abuya",fullName:"Willice Abuya"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"58890",title:"Philosophy and Paradigm of Scientific Research",slug:"philosophy-and-paradigm-of-scientific-research",totalDownloads:14077,totalCrossrefCites:9,totalDimensionsCites:17,abstract:"Before carrying out the empirical analysis of the role of management culture in corporate social responsibility, identification of the philosophical approach and the paradigm on which the research carried out is based is necessary. Therefore, this chapter deals with the philosophical systems and paradigms of scientific research, the epistemology, evaluating understanding and application of various theories and practices used in the scientific research. The key components of the scientific research paradigm are highlighted. Theories on the basis of which this research was focused on identification of the level of development of the management culture in order to implement corporate social responsibility are identified, and the stages of its implementation are described.",book:{id:"5791",slug:"management-culture-and-corporate-social-responsibility",title:"Management Culture and Corporate Social Responsibility",fullTitle:"Management Culture and Corporate Social Responsibility"},signatures:"Pranas Žukauskas, Jolita Vveinhardt and Regina Andriukaitienė",authors:[{id:"179629",title:"Prof.",name:"Jolita",middleName:null,surname:"Vveinhardt",slug:"jolita-vveinhardt",fullName:"Jolita Vveinhardt"}]},{id:"58894",title:"Research Ethics",slug:"research-ethics",totalDownloads:3371,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:"Research ethics is closely related to the ethical principles of social responsibility. This research covers a wide context of working with people, so the researchers raised a task not only to gain confidence in the respondents’ eyes, to receive reliable data, but also to ensure the transparency of the science. This chapter discusses the theoretical and practical topics of research, after evaluation of which ethical principles of organization and conducting the research are presented. There is a detailed description of how and what ethical principles were followed on the different stages of the research.",book:{id:"5791",slug:"management-culture-and-corporate-social-responsibility",title:"Management Culture and Corporate Social Responsibility",fullTitle:"Management Culture and Corporate Social Responsibility"},signatures:"Pranas Žukauskas, Jolita Vveinhardt and Regina Andriukaitienė",authors:[{id:"179629",title:"Prof.",name:"Jolita",middleName:null,surname:"Vveinhardt",slug:"jolita-vveinhardt",fullName:"Jolita Vveinhardt"}]},{id:"58883",title:"Corporate Social Responsibility as the Organization’s Commitment against Stakeholders",slug:"corporate-social-responsibility-as-the-organization-s-commitment-against-stakeholders",totalDownloads:3131,totalCrossrefCites:7,totalDimensionsCites:10,abstract:"Depending on society culture, traditions, and era, understanding of companies’ social responsibility might vary. In this part, we distinguish definitions of companies’ social responsibility and discuss the roles of stakeholders. Relations between the stakeholders are discussed in the context of social capital development. We emphasize that commitment against the interested subjects can be a long-term company policy, dictated by values of an organization, rather than the strategy in the activity market. Often in the implementation practice of companies’ social responsibility, there can be attention focus on one or even several very significant activities, which indicated that the organization has not yet assimilated the valuable content of this idea and is developing its activity by ignoring a very important principle of inner maturity.",book:{id:"5791",slug:"management-culture-and-corporate-social-responsibility",title:"Management Culture and Corporate Social Responsibility",fullTitle:"Management Culture and Corporate Social Responsibility"},signatures:"Pranas Žukauskas, Jolita Vveinhardt and Regina Andriukaitienė",authors:[{id:"179629",title:"Prof.",name:"Jolita",middleName:null,surname:"Vveinhardt",slug:"jolita-vveinhardt",fullName:"Jolita Vveinhardt"}]},{id:"59034",title:"Structure of Research Design: Expert Evaluation",slug:"structure-of-research-design-expert-evaluation",totalDownloads:1149,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"This chapter presents the research design/plan. Methodological choice of quantitative and qualitative research is substantiated, and principles of design and verification of the research instrument are described. Individual stages of the research are presented in detail by describing their consistency in respect of the main objective. Statistical calculations to substantiate the reliability of the research instrument are presented and key aspects of the organization of research are described.",book:{id:"5791",slug:"management-culture-and-corporate-social-responsibility",title:"Management Culture and Corporate Social Responsibility",fullTitle:"Management Culture and Corporate Social Responsibility"},signatures:"Pranas Žukauskas, Jolita Vveinhardt and Regina Andriukaitienė",authors:[{id:"179629",title:"Prof.",name:"Jolita",middleName:null,surname:"Vveinhardt",slug:"jolita-vveinhardt",fullName:"Jolita Vveinhardt"}]},{id:"59158",title:"Professional Social Responsibility in Engineering",slug:"professional-social-responsibility-in-engineering",totalDownloads:2896,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:6,abstract:"This chapter presents a range of viewpoints on the social responsibilities of the engineering profession. These social responsibilities of the engineering profession are in many ways synonymous with macroethics. Analysis of the engineering codes of ethics and educational requirements are used to support these arguments, and are compared with the perceptions of engineering students and working engineers. The social responsibilities of engineers include human safety and environmental protection in engineering designs. But it may extend further to include pro bono work and considerations of social justice issues. Research has found that perceptions of the professional social responsibilities of engineers vary across different countries/cultures, engineering disciplines (e.g., mechanical versus environmental engineers) and by gender. The impact of engineering education and broader college experiences on evolving notions of professional social responsibility will be described, in particular community engagement. Concerns about decreasing commitment to socially responsible engineering among college students, a so-called “culture of disengagement” will be presented, as well of the interaction of students’ social goals for engineering and leaving engineering studies.",book:{id:"6630",slug:"social-responsibility",title:"Social Responsibility",fullTitle:"Social Responsibility"},signatures:"Angela R. 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The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}},{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",issn:"2753-6580",scope:"
\r\n\tTransforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development endorsed by United Nations and 193 Member States, came into effect on Jan 1, 2016, to guide decision making and actions to the year 2030 and beyond. Central to this Agenda are 17 Goals, 169 associated targets and over 230 indicators that are reviewed annually. The vision envisaged in the implementation of the SDGs is centered on the five Ps: People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace and Partnership. This call for renewed focused efforts ensure we have a safe and healthy planet for current and future generations.
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\r\n\tThis Series focuses on covering research and applied research involving the five Ps through the following topics:
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\r\n\t1. Sustainable Economy and Fair Society that relates to SDG 1 on No Poverty, SDG 2 on Zero Hunger, SDG 8 on Decent Work and Economic Growth, SDG 10 on Reduced Inequalities, SDG 12 on Responsible Consumption and Production, and SDG 17 Partnership for the Goals
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\r\n\t2. Health and Wellbeing focusing on SDG 3 on Good Health and Wellbeing and SDG 6 on Clean Water and Sanitation
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\r\n\t3. Inclusivity and Social Equality involving SDG 4 on Quality Education, SDG 5 on Gender Equality, and SDG 16 on Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
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\r\n\t
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\r\n\t4. Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability comprising SDG 13 on Climate Action, SDG 14 on Life Below Water, and SDG 15 on Life on Land
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\r\n\t
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\r\n\t5. Urban Planning and Environmental Management embracing SDG 7 on Affordable Clean Energy, SDG 9 on Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, and SDG 11 on Sustainable Cities and Communities.
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\r\n\tThe series also seeks to support the use of cross cutting SDGs, as many of the goals listed above, targets and indicators are all interconnected to impact our lives and the decisions we make on a daily basis, making them impossible to tie to a single topic.
",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/24.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"August 2nd, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:1,editor:{id:"262440",title:"Prof.",name:"Usha",middleName:null,surname:"Iyer-Raniga",slug:"usha-iyer-raniga",fullName:"Usha Iyer-Raniga",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRYSXQA4/Profile_Picture_2022-02-28T13:55:36.jpeg",biography:"Usha Iyer-Raniga is a professor in the School of Property and Construction Management at RMIT University. Usha co-leads the One Planet Network’s Sustainable Buildings and Construction Programme (SBC), a United Nations 10 Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production (UN 10FYP SCP) aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 12. The work also directly impacts SDG 11 on Sustainable Cities and Communities. She completed her undergraduate degree as an architect before obtaining her Masters degree from Canada and her Doctorate in Australia. Usha has been a keynote speaker as well as an invited speaker at national and international conferences, seminars and workshops. Her teaching experience includes teaching in Asian countries. She has advised Austrade, APEC, national, state and local governments. She serves as a reviewer and a member of the scientific committee for national and international refereed journals and refereed conferences. She is on the editorial board for refereed journals and has worked on Special Issues. Usha has served and continues to serve on the Boards of several not-for-profit organisations and she has also served as panel judge for a number of awards including the Premiers Sustainability Award in Victoria and the International Green Gown Awards. Usha has published over 100 publications, including research and consulting reports. Her publications cover a wide range of scientific and technical research publications that include edited books, book chapters, refereed journals, refereed conference papers and reports for local, state and federal government clients. She has also produced podcasts for various organisations and participated in media interviews. She has received state, national and international funding worth over USD $25 million. Usha has been awarded the Quarterly Franklin Membership by London Journals Press (UK). Her biography has been included in the Marquis Who's Who in the World® 2018, 2016 (33rd Edition), along with approximately 55,000 of the most accomplished men and women from around the world, including luminaries as U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. In 2017, Usha was awarded the Marquis Who’s Who Lifetime Achiever Award.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"RMIT University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Australia"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:5,paginationItems:[{id:"91",title:"Sustainable Economy and Fair Society",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/91.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"181603",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonella",middleName:null,surname:"Petrillo",slug:"antonella-petrillo",fullName:"Antonella Petrillo",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/181603/images/system/181603.jpg",biography:"Antonella Petrillo, Ph.D., is a professor in the Department of Engineering, University of Naples “Parthenope,” Italy. She received her Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy. Her research interests include multi-criteria decision analysis, industrial plants, logistics, manufacturing, and safety. She serves as an associate editor for the International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process and is an editorial board member for several other journals. 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Her focus is on quality, innovation, leadership, and personalised learning. She works primarily at the strategic and policy levels, both nationally and internationally, and with key international organisations. She is committed to promoting and improving OFDL in the context of SDG4 and the future of education. Ossiannilsson has more than 20 years of experience in her current field, but more than 40 years in the education sector. She works as a reviewer and expert for the European Commission and collaborates with the Joint Research Centre for Quality in Open Education. Ossiannilsson also collaborates with ITCILO and ICoBC (International Council on Badges and Credentials). She is a member of the ICDE Board of Directors and has previously served on the boards of EDEN and EUCEN. Ossiannilsson is a quality expert and reviewer for ICDE, EDEN and the EADTU. She chairs the ICDE OER Advocacy Committee and is a member of the ICDE Quality Network. She is regularly invited as a keynote speaker at conferences. She is a guest editor for several special issues and a member of the editorial board of several scientific journals. She has published more than 200 articles and is currently working on book projects in the field of OFDL. Ossiannilsson is a visiting professor at several international universities and was recently appointed Professor and Research Fellow at Victoria University of Wellington, NZ. Ossiannilsson has been awarded the following fellowships: EDEN Fellows, EDEN Council of Fellows, and Open Education Europe. She is a ICDE OER Ambassador, Open Education Europe Ambassador, GIZ Ambassador for Quality in Digital Learning, and part of the Globe-Community of Digital Learning and Champion of SPARC Europe. On a national level, she is a quality developer at the Swedish Institute for Standards (SIS) and for ISO. She is a member of the Digital Skills and Jobs Coalition Sweden and Vice President of the Swedish Association for Distance Education. She is currently working on a government initiative on quality in distance education at the National Council for Higher Education. She holds a Ph.D. from the University of Oulu, Finland.",institutionString:"Swedish Association for Distance Education, Sweden",institution:null},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"94",title:"Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/94.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"61855",title:"Dr.",name:"Yixin",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",slug:"yixin-zhang",fullName:"Yixin Zhang",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYWJgQAO/Profile_Picture_2022-06-09T11:36:35.jpg",biography:"Professor Yixin Zhang is an aquatic ecologist with over 30 years of research and teaching experience in three continents (Asia, Europe, and North America) in Stream Ecology, Riparian Ecology, Urban Ecology, and Ecosystem Restoration and Aquatic Conservation, Human-Nature Interactions and Sustainability, Urbanization Impact on Aquatic Ecosystems. He got his Ph.D. in Animal Ecology at Umeå University in Sweden in 1998. He conducted postdoc research in stream ecology at the University of California at Santa Barbara in the USA. After that, he was a postdoc research fellow at the University of British Columbia in Canada to do research on large-scale stream experimental manipulation and watershed ecological survey in temperate rainforests of BC. He was a faculty member at the University of Hong Kong to run ecological research projects on aquatic insects, fishes, and newts in Tropical Asian streams. He also conducted research in streams, rivers, and caves in Texas, USA, to study the ecology of macroinvertebrates, big-claw river shrimp, fish, turtles, and bats. Current research interests include trophic flows across ecosystems; watershed impacts of land-use change on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning; ecological civilization and water resource management; urban ecology and urban/rural sustainable development.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Soochow University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"95",title:"Urban Planning and Environmental Management",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/95.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"181079",title:"Dr.",name:"Christoph",middleName:null,surname:"Lüthi",slug:"christoph-luthi",fullName:"Christoph Lüthi",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRHSqQAO/Profile_Picture_2022-04-12T15:51:33.png",biography:"Dr. Christoph Lüthi is an urban infrastructure planner with over 25 years of experience in planning and design of urban infrastructure in middle and low-income countries. He holds a Master’s Degree in Urban Development Planning from the University College of London (UCL), and a Ph.D. in Urban Planning & Engineering from TU Berlin. He has conducted applied research on urban planning and infrastructure issues in over 20 countries in Africa and Asia. In 2005 he joined Eawag-Sandec as Leader of the Strategic Environmental Sanitation Planning Group. 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He received his Ph.D. in Molecular Biology with his thesis “Genetic variability of the tick-borne encephalitis virus in natural foci of Novosibirsk city and its suburbs.” His primary field is molecular virology with research emphasis on vector-borne viruses, especially tick-borne encephalitis virus, Kemerovo virus and Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus, rabies virus, molecular genetics, biology, and epidemiology of virus pathogens.",institutionString:"Russian Academy of Sciences",institution:{name:"Russian Academy of Sciences",country:{name:"Russia"}}},{id:"310962",title:"Dr.",name:"Amlan",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Patra",slug:"amlan-patra",fullName:"Amlan Patra",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/310962/images/system/310962.jpg",biography:"Amlan K. Patra, FRSB, obtained a Ph.D. in Animal Nutrition from Indian Veterinary Research Institute, India, in 2002. He is currently an associate professor at West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences. He has more than twenty years of research and teaching experience. He held previous positions at the American Institute for Goat Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA, and Free University of Berlin, Germany. His research focuses on animal nutrition, particularly ruminants and poultry nutrition, gastrointestinal electrophysiology, meta-analysis and modeling in nutrition, and livestock–environment interaction. He has authored around 175 articles in journals, book chapters, and proceedings. Dr. Patra serves on the editorial boards of several reputed journals.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"53998",title:"Prof.",name:"László",middleName:null,surname:"Babinszky",slug:"laszlo-babinszky",fullName:"László Babinszky",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/53998/images/system/53998.png",biography:"László Babinszky is Professor Emeritus, Department of Animal Nutrition Physiology, University of Debrecen, Hungary. He has also worked in the Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Wageningen, Netherlands; the Institute for Livestock Feeding and Nutrition (IVVO), Lelystad, Netherlands; the Agricultural University of Vienna (BOKU); the Institute for Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Austria; and the Oscar Kellner Research Institute for Animal Nutrition, Rostock, Germany. In 1992, Dr. Babinszky obtained a Ph.D. in Animal Nutrition from the University of Wageningen. His main research areas are swine and poultry nutrition. He has authored more than 300 publications (papers, book chapters) and edited four books and fourteen international conference proceedings.",institutionString:"University of Debrecen",institution:{name:"University of Debrecen",country:{name:"Hungary"}}},{id:"201830",title:"Dr.",name:"Fernando",middleName:"Sanchez",surname:"Davila",slug:"fernando-davila",fullName:"Fernando Davila",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/201830/images/5017_n.jpg",biography:"I am a professor at UANL since 1988. My research lines are the development of reproductive techniques in small ruminants. We also conducted research on sexual and social behavior in males.\nI am Mexican and study my professional career as an engineer in agriculture and animal science at UANL. Then take a masters degree in science in Germany (Animal breeding). Take a doctorate in animal science at the UANL.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"309250",title:"Dr.",name:"Miguel",middleName:null,surname:"Quaresma",slug:"miguel-quaresma",fullName:"Miguel Quaresma",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/309250/images/9059_n.jpg",biography:"Miguel Nuno Pinheiro Quaresma was born on May 26, 1974 in Dili, Timor Island. He is married with two children: a boy and a girl, and he is a resident in Vila Real, Portugal. He graduated in Veterinary Medicine in August 1998 and obtained his Ph.D. degree in Veterinary Sciences -Clinical Area in February 2015, both from the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro. He is currently enrolled in the Alternative Residency of the European College of Animal Reproduction. He works as a Senior Clinician at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of UTAD (HVUTAD) with a role in clinical activity in the area of livestock and equine species as well as to support teaching and research in related areas. He teaches as an Invited Professor in Reproduction Medicine I and II of the Master\\'s in Veterinary Medicine degree at UTAD. Currently, he holds the position of Chairman of the Portuguese Buiatrics Association. He is a member of the Consultive Group on Production Animals of the OMV. He has 19 publications in indexed international journals (ISIS), as well as over 60 publications and oral presentations in both Portuguese and international journals and congresses.",institutionString:"University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro",institution:{name:"University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro",country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"38652",title:"Prof.",name:"Rita",middleName:null,surname:"Payan-Carreira",slug:"rita-payan-carreira",fullName:"Rita Payan-Carreira",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRiFPQA0/Profile_Picture_1614601496313",biography:"Rita Payan Carreira earned her Veterinary Degree from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1985. She obtained her Ph.D. in Veterinary Sciences from the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal. After almost 32 years of teaching at the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, she recently moved to the University of Évora, Department of Veterinary Medicine, where she teaches in the field of Animal Reproduction and Clinics. Her primary research areas include the molecular markers of the endometrial cycle and the embryo–maternal interaction, including oxidative stress and the reproductive physiology and disorders of sexual development, besides the molecular determinants of male and female fertility. She often supervises students preparing their master's or doctoral theses. She is also a frequent referee for various journals.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Évora",country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"283019",title:"Dr.",name:"Oudessa",middleName:null,surname:"Kerro Dego",slug:"oudessa-kerro-dego",fullName:"Oudessa Kerro Dego",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/283019/images/system/283019.png",biography:"Dr. Kerro Dego is a veterinary microbiologist with training in veterinary medicine, microbiology, and anatomic pathology. Dr. Kerro Dego is an assistant professor of dairy health in the department of animal science, the University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee. He received his D.V.M. (1997), M.S. (2002), and Ph.D. (2008) degrees in Veterinary Medicine, Animal Pathology and Veterinary Microbiology from College of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; College of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands and Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Canada respectively. He did his Postdoctoral training in microbial pathogenesis (2009 - 2015) in the Department of Animal Science, the University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee. Dr. Kerro Dego’s research focuses on the prevention and control of infectious diseases of farm animals, particularly mastitis, improving dairy food safety, and mitigation of antimicrobial resistance. Dr. Kerro Dego has extensive experience in studying the pathogenesis of bacterial infections, identification of virulence factors, and vaccine development and efficacy testing against major bacterial mastitis pathogens. Dr. Kerro Dego conducted numerous controlled experimental and field vaccine efficacy studies, vaccination, and evaluation of immunological responses in several species of animals, including rodents (mice) and large animals (bovine and ovine).",institutionString:"University of Tennessee at Knoxville",institution:{name:"University of Tennessee at Knoxville",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"251314",title:"Dr.",name:"Juan Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Gardón Poggi",slug:"juan-carlos-gardon-poggi",fullName:"Juan Carlos Gardón Poggi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/251314/images/system/251314.jpeg",biography:"Juan Carlos Gardón Poggi received University degree from the Faculty of Agrarian Science in Argentina, in 1983. Also he received Masters Degree and PhD from Córdoba University, Spain. He is currently a Professor at the Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, at the Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery. He teaches diverse courses in the field of Animal Reproduction and he is the Director of the Veterinary Farm. He also participates in academic postgraduate activities at the Veterinary Faculty of Murcia University, Spain. His research areas include animal physiology, physiology and biotechnology of reproduction either in males or females, the study of gametes under in vitro conditions and the use of ultrasound as a complement to physiological studies and development of applied biotechnologies. Routinely, he supervises students preparing their doctoral, master thesis or final degree projects.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Valencia Catholic University Saint Vincent Martyr",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"309529",title:"Dr.",name:"Albert",middleName:null,surname:"Rizvanov",slug:"albert-rizvanov",fullName:"Albert Rizvanov",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/309529/images/9189_n.jpg",biography:'Albert A. Rizvanov is a Professor and Director of the Center for Precision and Regenerative Medicine at the Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University (KFU), Russia. He is the Head of the Center of Excellence “Regenerative Medicine” and Vice-Director of Strategic Academic Unit \\"Translational 7P Medicine\\". Albert completed his Ph.D. at the University of Nevada, Reno, USA and Dr.Sci. at KFU. He is a corresponding member of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation. Albert is an author of more than 300 peer-reviewed journal articles and 22 patents. He has supervised 11 Ph.D. and 2 Dr.Sci. dissertations. Albert is the Head of the Dissertation Committee on Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Genetics at KFU.\nORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-5739\nWebsite https://kpfu.ru/Albert.Rizvanov?p_lang=2',institutionString:"Kazan Federal University",institution:{name:"Kazan Federal University",country:{name:"Russia"}}},{id:"210551",title:"Dr.",name:"Arbab",middleName:null,surname:"Sikandar",slug:"arbab-sikandar",fullName:"Arbab Sikandar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/210551/images/system/210551.jpg",biography:"Dr. Arbab Sikandar, PhD, M. Phil, DVM was born on April 05, 1981. He is currently working at the College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences as an Assistant Professor. He previously worked as a lecturer at the same University. \nHe is a Member/Secretory of Ethics committee (No. CVAS-9377 dated 18-04-18), Member of the QEC committee CVAS, Jhang (Regr/Gen/69/873, dated 26-10-2017), Member, Board of studies of Department of Basic Sciences (No. CVAS. 2851 Dated. 12-04-13, and No. CVAS, 9024 dated 20/11/17), Member of Academic Committee, CVAS, Jhang (No. CVAS/2004, Dated, 25-08-12), Member of the technical committee (No. CVAS/ 4085, dated 20,03, 2010 till 2016).\n\nDr. Arbab Sikandar contributed in five days hands-on-training on Histopathology at the Department of Pathology, UVAS from 12-16 June 2017. He received a Certificate of appreciation for contributions for Popularization of Science and Technology in the Society on 17-11-15. He was the resource person in the lecture series- ‘scientific writing’ at the Department of Anatomy and Histology, UVAS, Lahore on 29th October 2015. He won a full fellowship as a principal candidate for the year 2015 in the field of Agriculture, EICA, Egypt with ref. to the Notification No. 12(11) ACS/Egypt/2014 from 10 July 2015 to 25th September 2015.; he received a grant of Rs. 55000/- as research incentives from Director, Advanced Studies and Research, UVAS, Lahore upon publications of research papers in IF Journals (DR/215, dated 19-5-2014.. He obtained his PhD by winning a HEC Pakistan indigenous Scholarship, ‘Ph.D. fellowship for 5000 scholars – Phase II’ (2av1-147), 17-6/HEC/HRD/IS-II/12, November 15, 2012. \n\nDr. Sikandar is a member of numerous societies: Registered Veterinary Medical Practitioner (life member) and Registered Veterinary Medical Faculty of Pakistan Veterinary Medical Council. The Registration code of PVMC is RVMP/4298 and RVMF/ 0102.; Life member of the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Alumni Association with S# 664, dated: 6-4-12. ; Member 'Vets Care Organization Pakistan” with Reference No. VCO-605-149, dated 05-04-06. :Member 'Vet Crescent” (Society of Animal Health and Production), UVAS, Lahore.",institutionString:"University of Veterinary & Animal Science",institution:{name:"University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences",country:{name:"Pakistan"}}},{id:"311663",title:"Dr.",name:"Prasanna",middleName:null,surname:"Pal",slug:"prasanna-pal",fullName:"Prasanna Pal",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/311663/images/13261_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"National Dairy Research Institute",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"202192",title:"Dr.",name:"Catrin",middleName:null,surname:"Rutland",slug:"catrin-rutland",fullName:"Catrin Rutland",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",biography:"Catrin Rutland is an Associate Professor of Anatomy and Developmental Genetics at the University of Nottingham, UK. She obtained a BSc from the University of Derby, England, a master’s degree from Technische Universität München, Germany, and a Ph.D. from the University of Nottingham. She undertook a post-doctoral research fellowship in the School of Medicine before accepting tenure in Veterinary Medicine and Science. Dr. Rutland also obtained an MMedSci (Medical Education) and a Postgraduate Certificate in Higher Education (PGCHE). She is the author of more than sixty peer-reviewed journal articles, twelve books/book chapters, and more than 100 research abstracts in cardiovascular biology and oncology. She is a board member of the European Association of Veterinary Anatomists, Fellow of the Anatomical Society, and Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy. Dr. Rutland has also written popular science books for the public. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2009-4898. www.nottingham.ac.uk/vet/people/catrin.rutland",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Nottingham",country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},{id:"283315",title:"Prof.",name:"Samir",middleName:null,surname:"El-Gendy",slug:"samir-el-gendy",fullName:"Samir El-Gendy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRduYQAS/Profile_Picture_1606215849748",biography:"Samir El-Gendy is a Professor of anatomy and embryology at the faculty of veterinary medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt. Samir obtained his PhD in veterinary science in 2007 from the faculty of veterinary medicine, Alexandria University and has been a professor since 2017. Samir is an author on 24 articles at Scopus and 12 articles within local journals and 2 books/book chapters. His research focuses on applied anatomy, imaging techniques and computed tomography. Samir worked as a member of different local projects on E-learning and he is a board member of the African Association of Veterinary Anatomists and of anatomy societies and as an associated author at local and international journals. Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6180-389X",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Alexandria University",country:{name:"Egypt"}}},{id:"246149",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",middleName:null,surname:"Kubale",slug:"valentina-kubale",fullName:"Valentina Kubale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/246149/images/system/246149.jpg",biography:"Valentina Kubale is Associate Professor of Veterinary Medicine at the Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. Since graduating from the Veterinary faculty she obtained her PhD in 2007, performed collaboration with the Department of Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. She continued as a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Copenhagen with a Lundbeck foundation fellowship. She is the editor of three books and author/coauthor of 23 articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals, 16 book chapters, and 68 communications at scientific congresses. Since 2008 she has been the Editor Assistant for the Slovenian Veterinary Research journal. She is a member of Slovenian Biochemical Society, The Endocrine Society, European Association of Veterinary Anatomists and Society for Laboratory Animals, where she is board member.",institutionString:"University of Ljubljana",institution:{name:"University of Ljubljana",country:{name:"Slovenia"}}},{id:"258334",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos Eduardo",middleName:null,surname:"Fonseca-Alves",slug:"carlos-eduardo-fonseca-alves",fullName:"Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/258334/images/system/258334.jpg",biography:"Dr. Fonseca-Alves earned his DVM from Federal University of Goias – UFG in 2008. He completed an internship in small animal internal medicine at UPIS university in 2011, earned his MSc in 2013 and PhD in 2015 both in Veterinary Medicine at Sao Paulo State University – UNESP. Dr. Fonseca-Alves currently serves as an Assistant Professor at Paulista University – UNIP teaching small animal internal medicine.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Paulista",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"245306",title:"Dr.",name:"María Luz",middleName:null,surname:"Garcia Pardo",slug:"maria-luz-garcia-pardo",fullName:"María Luz Garcia Pardo",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/245306/images/system/245306.png",biography:"María de la Luz García Pardo is an agricultural engineer from Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain. She has a Ph.D. in Animal Genetics. Currently, she is a lecturer at the Agrofood Technology Department of Miguel Hernández University, Spain. Her research is focused on genetics and reproduction in rabbits. The major goal of her research is the genetics of litter size through novel methods such as selection by the environmental sensibility of litter size, with forays into the field of animal welfare by analysing the impact on the susceptibility to diseases and stress of the does. Details of her publications can be found at https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9504-8290.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Miguel Hernandez University",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"350704",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Camila",middleName:"Silva Costa",surname:"Ferreira",slug:"camila-ferreira",fullName:"Camila Ferreira",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/350704/images/17280_n.jpg",biography:"Graduated in Veterinary Medicine at the Fluminense Federal University, specialist in Equine Reproduction at the Brazilian Veterinary Institute (IBVET) and Master in Clinical Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction at the Fluminense Federal University. She has experience in analyzing zootechnical indices in dairy cattle and organizing events related to Veterinary Medicine through extension grants. I have experience in the field of diagnostic imaging and animal reproduction in veterinary medicine through monitoring and scientific initiation scholarships. I worked at the Equus Central Reproduction Equine located in Santo Antônio de Jesus – BA in the 2016/2017 breeding season. I am currently a doctoral student with a scholarship from CAPES of the Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine (Pathology and Clinical Sciences) at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) with a research project with an emphasis on equine endometritis.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"41319",title:"Prof.",name:"Lung-Kwang",middleName:null,surname:"Pan",slug:"lung-kwang-pan",fullName:"Lung-Kwang Pan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/41319/images/84_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"125292",title:"Dr.",name:"Katy",middleName:null,surname:"Satué Ambrojo",slug:"katy-satue-ambrojo",fullName:"Katy Satué Ambrojo",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/125292/images/system/125292.jpeg",biography:"Katy Satué Ambrojo received her Veterinary Medicine degree, Master degree in Equine Technology and doctorate in Veterinary Medicine from the Faculty of Veterinary, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University in Valencia, Spain.Dr. Satué is accredited as a Private University Doctor Professor, Doctor Assistant, and Contracted Doctor by AVAP (Agència Valenciana d'Avaluació i Prospectiva) and currently, as a full professor by ANECA (since January 2022). To date, Katy has taught 22 years in the Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery at the CEU-Cardenal Herrera University in undergraduate courses in Veterinary Medicine (General Pathology, integrated into the Applied Basis of Veterinary Medicine module of the 2nd year, Clinical Equine I of 3rd year, and Equine Clinic II of 4th year). Dr. Satué research activity is in the field of Endocrinology, Hematology, Biochemistry, and Immunology in the Spanish Purebred mare. She has directed 5 Doctoral Theses and 5 Diplomas of Advanced Studies, and participated in 11 research projects as a collaborating researcher. She has written 2 books and 14 book chapters in international publishers related to the area, and 68 scientific publications in international journals. Dr. Satué has attended 63 congresses, participating with 132 communications in international congresses and 19 in national congresses related to the area. Dr. Satué is a scientific reviewer for various prestigious international journals such as Animals, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, Reproduction in Domestic Animals, Research Veterinary Science, Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, Livestock Production Science and Theriogenology, among others. Since 2014 she has been responsible for the Clinical Analysis Laboratory of the CEU-Cardenal Herrera University Veterinary Clinical Hospital.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"201721",title:"Dr.",name:"Beatrice",middleName:null,surname:"Funiciello",slug:"beatrice-funiciello",fullName:"Beatrice Funiciello",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/201721/images/11089_n.jpg",biography:"Graduated from the University of Milan in 2011, my post-graduate education included CertAVP modules mainly on equines (dermatology and internal medicine) and a few on small animal (dermatology and anaesthesia) at the University of Liverpool. After a general CertAVP (2015) I gained the designated Certificate in Veterinary Dermatology (2017) after taking the synoptic examination and then applied for the RCVS ADvanced Practitioner status. After that, I completed the Postgraduate Diploma in Veterinary Professional Studies at the University of Liverpool (2018). My main area of work is cross-species veterinary dermatology.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"291226",title:"Dr.",name:"Monica",middleName:null,surname:"Cassel",slug:"monica-cassel",fullName:"Monica Cassel",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/291226/images/8232_n.jpg",biography:'Degree in Biological Sciences at the Federal University of Mato Grosso with scholarship for Scientific Initiation by FAPEMAT (2008/1) and CNPq (2008/2-2009/2): Project \\"Histological evidence of reproductive activity in lizards of the Manso region, Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil\\". Master\\\'s degree in Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation at Federal University of Mato Grosso with a scholarship by CAPES/REUNI program: Project \\"Reproductive biology of Melanorivulus punctatus\\". PhD\\\'s degree in Science (Cell and Tissue Biology Area) \n at University of Sao Paulo with scholarship granted by FAPESP; Project \\"Development of morphofunctional changes in ovary of Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britski, 2000 (Teleostei, Characidae)\\". She has experience in Reproduction of vertebrates and Morphology, with emphasis in Cellular Biology and Histology. She is currently a teacher in the medium / technical level courses at IFMT-Alta Floresta, as well as in the Bachelor\\\'s degree in Animal Science and in the Bachelor\\\'s degree in Business.',institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"442807",title:"Dr.",name:"Busani",middleName:null,surname:"Moyo",slug:"busani-moyo",fullName:"Busani Moyo",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Gwanda State University",country:{name:"Zimbabwe"}}},{id:"439435",title:"Dr.",name:"Feda S.",middleName:null,surname:"Aljaser",slug:"feda-s.-aljaser",fullName:"Feda S. Aljaser",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"King Saud University",country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}},{id:"423023",title:"Dr.",name:"Yosra",middleName:null,surname:"Soltan",slug:"yosra-soltan",fullName:"Yosra Soltan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Alexandria University",country:{name:"Egypt"}}},{id:"349788",title:"Dr.",name:"Florencia Nery",middleName:null,surname:"Sompie",slug:"florencia-nery-sompie",fullName:"Florencia Nery Sompie",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sam Ratulangi University",country:{name:"Indonesia"}}},{id:"428600",title:"MSc.",name:"Adriana",middleName:null,surname:"García-Alarcón",slug:"adriana-garcia-alarcon",fullName:"Adriana García-Alarcón",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"National Autonomous University of Mexico",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"428599",title:"MSc.",name:"Gabino",middleName:null,surname:"De La Rosa-Cruz",slug:"gabino-de-la-rosa-cruz",fullName:"Gabino De La Rosa-Cruz",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"National Autonomous University of Mexico",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"428601",title:"MSc.",name:"Juan Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Campuzano-Caballero",slug:"juan-carlos-campuzano-caballero",fullName:"Juan Carlos Campuzano-Caballero",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"National Autonomous University of Mexico",country:{name:"Mexico"}}}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"28",type:"subseries",title:"Animal Reproductive Biology and Technology",keywords:"Animal Reproduction, Artificial Insemination, Embryos, Cryopreservation, Conservation, Breeding, Epigenetics",scope:"The advances of knowledge on animal reproductive biology and technologies revolutionized livestock production. Artificial insemination, for example, was the first technology applied on a large scale, initially in dairy cattle and afterward applied to other species. Nowadays, embryo production and transfer are used commercially along with other technologies to modulate epigenetic regulation. Gene editing is also emerging as an innovative tool. 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Possible contributions can address (but are not limited to) the following research topics: Bioinspired design and control of exoskeletons, orthoses, and prostheses; Experimental evaluation of the effect of assistive devices (e.g., influence on gait, balance, and neuromuscular system); Bioinspired technologies for rehabilitation, including clinical studies reporting evaluations; Application of neuromuscular and biomechanical models to the development of bioinspired technology.',annualVolume:11404,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/8.jpg",editor:{id:"144937",title:"Prof.",name:"Adriano",middleName:"De Oliveira",surname:"Andrade",fullName:"Adriano Andrade",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRC8QQAW/Profile_Picture_1625219101815",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Federal University of Uberlândia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"49517",title:"Prof.",name:"Hitoshi",middleName:null,surname:"Tsunashima",fullName:"Hitoshi Tsunashima",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYTP4QAO/Profile_Picture_1625819726528",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Nihon University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},{id:"425354",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcus",middleName:"Fraga",surname:"Vieira",fullName:"Marcus Vieira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00003BJSgIQAX/Profile_Picture_1627904687309",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Goiás",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"196746",title:"Dr.",name:"Ramana",middleName:null,surname:"Vinjamuri",fullName:"Ramana Vinjamuri",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/196746/images/system/196746.jpeg",institutionString:"University of Maryland, Baltimore County",institution:{name:"University of Maryland, Baltimore County",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}]},{id:"9",title:"Biotechnology - Biosensors, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering",keywords:"Biotechnology, Biosensors, Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering",scope:"The Biotechnology - Biosensors, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering topic within the Biomedical Engineering Series aims to rapidly publish contributions on all aspects of biotechnology, biosensors, biomaterial and tissue engineering. We encourage the submission of manuscripts that provide novel and mechanistic insights that report significant advances in the fields. Topics can include but are not limited to: Biotechnology such as biotechnological products and process engineering; Biotechnologically relevant enzymes and proteins; Bioenergy and biofuels; Applied genetics and molecular biotechnology; Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics; Applied microbial and cell physiology; Environmental biotechnology; Methods and protocols. Moreover, topics in biosensor technology, like sensors that incorporate enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, whole cells, tissues and organelles, and other biological or biologically inspired components will be considered, and topics exploring transducers, including those based on electrochemical and optical piezoelectric, thermal, magnetic, and micromechanical elements. Chapters exploring biomaterial approaches such as polymer synthesis and characterization, drug and gene vector design, biocompatibility, immunology and toxicology, and self-assembly at the nanoscale, are welcome. Finally, the tissue engineering subcategory will support topics such as the fundamentals of stem cells and progenitor cells and their proliferation, differentiation, bioreactors for three-dimensional culture and studies of phenotypic changes, stem and progenitor cells, both short and long term, ex vivo and in vivo implantation both in preclinical models and also in clinical trials.",annualVolume:11405,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/9.jpg",editor:{id:"126286",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis",middleName:"Jesús",surname:"Villarreal-Gómez",fullName:"Luis Villarreal-Gómez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/126286/images/system/126286.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Baja California",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"35539",title:"Dr.",name:"Cecilia",middleName:null,surname:"Cristea",fullName:"Cecilia Cristea",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYQ65QAG/Profile_Picture_1621007741527",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"40735",title:"Dr.",name:"Gil",middleName:"Alberto Batista",surname:"Gonçalves",fullName:"Gil Gonçalves",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYRLGQA4/Profile_Picture_1628492612759",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Aveiro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"211725",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Johann F.",middleName:null,surname:"Osma",fullName:"Johann F. 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