Dataset statistics.
\\n\\n
IntechOpen Book Series will also publish a program of research-driven Thematic Edited Volumes that focus on specific areas and allow for a more in-depth overview of a particular subject.
\\n\\nIntechOpen Book Series will be launching regularly to offer our authors and editors exciting opportunities to publish their research Open Access. We will begin by relaunching some of our existing Book Series in this innovative book format, and will expand in 2022 into rapidly growing research fields that are driving and advancing society.
\\n\\nLaunching 2021
\\n\\nArtificial Intelligence, ISSN 2633-1403
\\n\\nVeterinary Medicine and Science, ISSN 2632-0517
\\n\\nBiochemistry, ISSN 2632-0983
\\n\\nBiomedical Engineering, ISSN 2631-5343
\\n\\nInfectious Diseases, ISSN 2631-6188
\\n\\nPhysiology (Coming Soon)
\\n\\nDentistry (Coming Soon)
\\n\\nWe invite you to explore our IntechOpen Book Series, find the right publishing program for you and reach your desired audience in record time.
\\n\\nNote: Edited in October 2021
\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:{caption:"",originalUrl:"/media/original/132"}},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'With the desire to make book publishing more relevant for the digital age and offer innovative Open Access publishing options, we are thrilled to announce the launch of our new publishing format: IntechOpen Book Series.
\n\nDesigned to cover fast-moving research fields in rapidly expanding areas, our Book Series feature a Topic structure allowing us to present the most relevant sub-disciplines. Book Series are headed by Series Editors, and a team of Topic Editors supported by international Editorial Board members. Topics are always open for submissions, with an Annual Volume published each calendar year.
\n\nAfter a robust peer-review process, accepted works are published quickly, thanks to Online First, ensuring research is made available to the scientific community without delay.
\n\nOur innovative Book Series format brings you:
\n\nIntechOpen Book Series will also publish a program of research-driven Thematic Edited Volumes that focus on specific areas and allow for a more in-depth overview of a particular subject.
\n\nIntechOpen Book Series will be launching regularly to offer our authors and editors exciting opportunities to publish their research Open Access. We will begin by relaunching some of our existing Book Series in this innovative book format, and will expand in 2022 into rapidly growing research fields that are driving and advancing society.
\n\nLaunching 2021
\n\nArtificial Intelligence, ISSN 2633-1403
\n\nVeterinary Medicine and Science, ISSN 2632-0517
\n\nBiochemistry, ISSN 2632-0983
\n\nBiomedical Engineering, ISSN 2631-5343
\n\nInfectious Diseases, ISSN 2631-6188
\n\nPhysiology (Coming Soon)
\n\nDentistry (Coming Soon)
\n\nWe invite you to explore our IntechOpen Book Series, find the right publishing program for you and reach your desired audience in record time.
\n\nNote: Edited in October 2021
\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"},{slug:"introducing-intechopen-book-series-a-new-publishing-format-for-oa-books-20210915",title:"Introducing IntechOpen Book Series - A New Publishing Format for OA Books"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"1573",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Thermoplastic Elastomers",title:"Thermoplastic Elastomers",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:'Thermoplastics can be used for various applications, which range from household articles to the aeronautic sector. This book, "Thermoplastic Elastomers", is comprised of nineteen chapters, written by specialized scientists dealing with physical and/or chemical modifications of thermoplastics and thermoplastic starch. Such studies will provide a great benefit to specialists in food, electric, telecommunication devices, and plastic industries. Each chapter provides a comprehensive introduction to a specific topic, with a survey of developments to date.',isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-51-0346-2",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-4313-0",doi:"10.5772/2038",price:139,priceEur:155,priceUsd:179,slug:"thermoplastic-elastomers",numberOfPages:430,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:1,isInBkci:!0,hash:"68733430093bd948f36fd95ab2ff4746",bookSignature:"Adel Zaki El-Sonbati",publishedDate:"March 28th 2012",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1573.jpg",numberOfDownloads:147540,numberOfWosCitations:240,numberOfCrossrefCitations:83,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:10,numberOfDimensionsCitations:207,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:15,hasAltmetrics:1,numberOfTotalCitations:530,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"April 28th 2011",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"May 26th 2011",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"September 30th 2011",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"October 30th 2011",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"February 29th 2012",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"98324",title:"Prof.",name:"Adel",middleName:null,surname:"El-Sonbati",slug:"adel-el-sonbati",fullName:"Adel El-Sonbati",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/98324/images/3821_n.jpg",biography:"Prof. Adel Z. El-Sonbati received his M.Sc. from the University of Mansoura, Egypt in 1978 and a Ph.D. in coordination chemistry from the University of Tanta, Egypt in 1983. He worked as a lecturer at the Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Demiatta, Egypt. In 1987 he was promoted to an assistant professor. Since 1991, he is a full professor of inorganic chemistry. He is one of the editorial board members in the Journal of Spectroscopy and Dynamics. He has supervised more than 35 M.Sc. and 20 Ph.D. students. Prof. El-Sonbati has published over 150 scientific papers. His current research interests are synthesis and characterization of supramolecular polymers, supramolecular polymer complexes, conducting polymers and polymer complexes, preparation and characterization of heterocyclic/polymers of uranyl complexes by using the El-Sonbati equation, thermal stability and mechanism of degradation of homopolymers and copolymers, and application of potentiometer and spectrometer for the determination of the dissociation and stability constant of some polymers and their complexes with transition elements.",institutionString:null,position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"2",institution:{name:"Mansoura University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"915",title:"Polymers",slug:"materials-science-biochemistry-polymers"}],chapters:[{id:"34058",title:"Melt Blending with Thermoplastic Starch",doi:"10.5772/34967",slug:"melt-blending-with-thermoplastic-starch",totalDownloads:6026,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Francisco J. 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Furthermore, the stable grasp is the basis of manipulation. However, stable grasp is still challenging, since it depends on various factors, such as the actuator, sensor, movement, object, environment, etc. With the development of the neural network, the data-driven methods [1] become popular. For example, Levine et al. used 14 robots to randomly grasp over 800,000 times for collecting the data and training the convolutional neural network (CNN) [2]. Guo et al. trained the deep neural network (DNN) with 12 K-labeled images to learn the end-to-end grasping polices [3]. Mahler et al. built the dataset that included millions of point cloud data for training Grasp Quality Convolutional Neural Network (GQ-CNN) with an analytic metric. Then GQ-CNN developed the optimal grasp strategy that achieves 93% success rate for eight kinds of objects [4, 5, 6]. Zhang et al. trained robots to manipulate objects by videos that were made by virtual reality (VR). For pick-place tasks, the success rate was increased when the number of samples increased [7]. Therefore, sufficient high-quality data is important for robotic grasping.
Nowadays, a few datasets of robot grasping have been developed. Playpen dataset obtains 60-hour grasping data of robot PR2 with RGBD cameras [8]. Columbia dataset collects about 22,000 grasping samples via the GraspIt! simulator [9]. Besides experiments with robots and numerical simulations, human manipulation videos are also useful. Self-supervised learning algorithms are developed from demonstration of videos [10]. While the above datasets focus on the whole grasping process, there are other datasets that concentrate on specific tasks, like grasp planning and slip detection. Pinto et al. instructed robots to automatically generate labeled images for grasp planning with 50,000 times by self-supervised learning algorithms [11]. MIT built the grasp dataset by vision-based tactile sensor and external vision [12]. While some experiments produced slip with extra force or fix objects [13, 14], researchers recorded the actual random grasping process with 46% failure results in 1000 times grasp [15, 16]. The real data can contribute to the precision grasping [17]. In daily life overabundance of the object’s types leads to the difficulty of building datasets. Some researchers select the common objects and build 3D object set models such as KIT objects [18], YCB object set [19], etc. They are more convenient for research. However, there are few datasets that include the visual and tactile data. Sufficient visual, tactile, and position data can clearly describe the grasping process and improve the robot’s ability of grasping.
According to the previous work, it is necessary to build a complete dataset for the robotic manipulation. In this chapter, a new grasp dataset based on the three-finger robot hand is built. In the following section, the structure of the multimodal dataset is introduced in detail. Moreover, the CNN and long short-term memory networks (LSTMs) are designed to complete grasp stability prediction.
In this section, the multimodal fusion framework of grasp stability prediction is proposed.
Under the visual image set, we can only observe 2700*2 = 5400 sets of image data in total, which is in use. It is difficult to extract visual features with convolutional neural networks (ResNet-18 network structure is used in our experiment). Training convergence is less on a small dataset, so time comparison network is used [10], capture video information from the capture process, anchor, positive, negative data. Then we define the triplet loss function [20] and use the characteristics of the continuous change of motion in the video to learn the operation process. The visual characteristics are also used as a pre-training process for the subsequent stable retrieval of the convolutional network part of the prediction network. Such as shown in Figure 1, we cleverly use a multi-angle camera to record the video image of the same capture process; at the same time, different image in the perspective should represent the same robot state, that is, its embedded layer embedding vector. A certain distance from the feature representation is relatively small, and the image at the same perspective at different times represents the robot. At different grasping states, a certain distance of the embedded layer Embedding vector is relatively large, formally:
Visual representation network.
where
In order to describe the properties of the objects like shape or size, the images are captured before grasping from two cameras, represented by
Multimodal information predict grasp stability network.
where
The images are passed through the standard convolutional network that uses the ResNet-18 architecture. Different from the previous work [22], the tactile sensors are used to obtain the force applied by the robot during the manipulation. As tactile sequences, the LSTMs are applied as the feature extractor:
where
Besides, the mass and mass distribution of the object also affect the stability of grasping. In order to simplify the problem, the weight of the object is known and the mass distribution is assumed uniform. Then the intrinsic object property is described as
where
Then the multilayer perceptron (MLP) is used to extract the intrinsic feature. The sensory modalities provide the complementary information about the prospects for a successful grasp. For example, the camera’s images show that the gripper is near the center of the object, and the tactile shows that the force is enough to keep stable for grasping. In order to study the method of multimodal fusion for predicting grasp outcomes, a neural network is trained to predict whether robot’s grasp would be successful integrated by visual, tactile, and object’s characters. The network computes
Train
During the training, the RGB images are cropped with containing the table that holds the objects. Then, following the standard practice in object recognition, the images are resized to be 256
The experiment platform consists of the Eagle Shoal robot hand, two RealSense SR300 cameras, and the UR5 robot arm. As shown in Figure 3, they are arranged around the table of length 600 mm and width 600 mm. There is a layer of sponge on the surface of the table for protection. A soft flannel sheet covers the table to avoid the interference of light reflection. The UR5 robot arm with the Eagle Shoal robot hand fixes at the backside of the table. One RealSense camera is on the opposite side of the table for recording the front view of grasping. The other RealSense camera is located in the left of the table for recording the lateral view.
Experiment platform.
The general grasp dataset is built with various variables including shape, size, weight, grasp style, etc. The objects in the dataset contain different sizes of cuboid, cylinder, and special shapes, and their weights change by adding granules or water. Different grasping methods are tested by grasping from three directions including back, right, and top. The dataset with unstable grasping data is generated by slipping with added weight, changed grasp force, and adjusted grasp position (Table 1). The detailed processes are as follows:
The object is put on the center of the table; the front camera is used to get the point cloud data and computer the target’s position.
Choose the object’s half height position as the grasped point, control the robot to approach the object, and then add the random error of ±5 mm.
Based on the object’s size, controlling the robot hand to grasp with a position loop mode, and then after 1 second, the robot arm lifts up with a speed of 20 mm/s.
After the robot arm moves to a certain position, the robotic finger’s position is changed. If the hand is bending too much, this grasp is labeled as failure, and open the hand directly then prepare the next grasp.
The grasp is labeled as success, for a light object, if the robot puts down the object and, for some heavy object, the robot opens the hand and drops the object directly.
Putting the object on the center of the table, the robot arm returns to the initial place and waits for the next loop.
Hand | Type | Weight | Force (mA) | Direction | Trail | Data type | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eagle Shoal | 10 objects | Empty | 50/100/150 | Top/right/back | 10 times | T1/I | 900 sets |
Eagle Shoal | 10 objects | Half/full | 50/100/150 | Top/right/back | 10 times | T1/T2/I/V | 1650 sets |
Dataset statistics.
The proposed method is contrasted with traditional classifiers including k-nearest neighbor (KNN) [24], support-vector machine (SVM) [25], and naive Bayes (NB) [26]. A total of 2550 sets have been divided into 80% for training and 20% for testing. The KNN classifier is set with k = 3, and the SVM kernel is the radial basis function (RBF). The success rate with a criterion, the number of detection n and the number of label data m, is calculated by n/m. The contrast result in Table 2 shows the performance of LSTM and SVM is both well with a success rate. However, the SVM’s labels are on the falling edge, which means the SVM model gets a good classification result by learning the falling edge features. The falling edge means the object is dropped already and cannot help to realize a stable grasp. SVM proves unsuitable for this test.
Classifier | Success rate | Ahead drop | Ahead forecast |
---|---|---|---|
KNN | 0.7970 | 0.8176 | 0.4961 |
SVM | 0.8467 | 0.6667 | 0.2569 |
NB | 0.6881 | 0.6569 | 0.4843 |
OUR | 0.9460 | 0.8588 | 0.6373 |
Classification results of different classifiers.
Besides the success rate, another criterion is necessary to evaluate the slip detection. If the time of predict result turns from 1 to 0 ahead of the time in label data, set it as ahead sample and counted number n
All the grasp object, from YCB object set.
Visual and tactile information visualization. Visual: grasping process video image sequence; and tactile: grasping process tactile sensor value.
In this chapter, the end-to-end approach for predicting stable grasp is proposed. Raw visual, tactile, and object intrinsic information are used, and the tactile sensor provides detailed information about contacts, forces, and compliance. More than 2500 grasp data are autonomously collected, and the multiple deep neural network model is proposed for predicting grasp stability with different modalities. The results show that visual-tactile fusion method improves the ability to predict grasp outcomes. In order to further validate the method, the real-world evaluations of the different models in the active grasp are implemented. Our experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.
This work was supported by the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program No. 2019Z08QCX15.
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Biology",slug:"animal-biology"},numberOfBooks:2,numberOfSeries:0,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:32,numberOfWosCitations:11,numberOfCrossrefCitations:15,numberOfDimensionsCitations:20,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicId:"316",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"9666",title:"Moths and Caterpillars",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ce459c86bb01bb59fc01a6edd6504ad4",slug:"moths-and-caterpillars",bookSignature:"Vonnie D.C. Shields",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9666.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"82613",title:"Dr.",name:"Vonnie D.C.",middleName:null,surname:"Shields",slug:"vonnie-d.c.-shields",fullName:"Vonnie D.C. Shields"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6156",title:"Lepidoptera",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b5d586ee7920aa6388b521b833916453",slug:"lepidoptera",bookSignature:"Farzana Khan Perveen",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6156.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"75563",title:"Dr.",name:"Farzana Khan",middleName:null,surname:"Perveen",slug:"farzana-khan-perveen",fullName:"Farzana Khan Perveen"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:2,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"56325",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.70098",title:"Contact-Mediated Eyespot Color-Pattern Changes in the Peacock Pansy Butterfly: Contributions of Mechanical Force and Extracellular Matrix to Morphogenic Signal Propagation",slug:"contact-mediated-eyespot-color-pattern-changes-in-the-peacock-pansy-butterfly-contributions-of-mecha",totalDownloads:1246,totalCrossrefCites:6,totalDimensionsCites:8,abstract:"Butterfly wing color patterns are developmentally determined by morphogenic signals from organizers in the early pupal stage. However, the precise mechanism of color-pattern determination remains elusive. Here, mechanical and surface disturbances were applied to the pupal hindwing of the peacock pansy butterfly Junonia almana (Linnaeus, 1758) to examine their effects on color-pattern determination. Using the forewing-lift method immediately after pupation, a small stainless ball was placed on the prospective major eyespot or background of the developing dorsal hindwing to cause a wing epithelial distortion, resulting in deformation of the major eyespot. When the exposed dorsal hindwing was covered with a piece of plastic film or placed on a surface of a glass slide, an adhesive tape, or a silicone-coated glassine paper, the major eyespot was effectively reduced in size without a direct contact with the covering materials. The latter two treatments additionally induced the size reduction of the minor eyespot and proximal displacement and broadening of parafocal elements through a direct contact, being reminiscent of the temperature-shock-type modifications. These results suggest the importance of mechanical force and physicochemical properties of planar epithelial contact surface (i.e., extracellular matrix) to propagate morphogenic signals for color-pattern determination in butterfly wings.",book:{id:"6156",slug:"lepidoptera",title:"Lepidoptera",fullTitle:"Lepidoptera"},signatures:"Joji M. Otaki",authors:[{id:"208068",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Joji",middleName:"M.",surname:"Otaki",slug:"joji-otaki",fullName:"Joji Otaki"}]},{id:"56320",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.70050",title:"Synergistic Damage Response of the Double-Focus Eyespot in the Hindwing of the Peacock Pansy Butterfly",slug:"synergistic-damage-response-of-the-double-focus-eyespot-in-the-hindwing-of-the-peacock-pansy-butterf",totalDownloads:876,totalCrossrefCites:6,totalDimensionsCites:7,abstract:"Eyespot color patterns in butterfly wings are determined by the putative morphogenic signals from organizers. Previous experiments using physical damage to the forewing eyespots of the peacock pansy butterfly, Junonia almana (Linnaeus, 1758), suggested that the morphogenic signals dynamically interact with each other, involving enhancement of activation signals and interactions between activation and inhibitory signals. Here, we focused on the large double-focus fusion eyespot on the hindwing of J. almana to test the involvement of the proposed signal interactions. Early damage at a single focus of the prospective double-focus eyespot produced a smaller but circular eyespot, suggesting the existence of synergistic interactions between the signals from two sources. Late damage at a single focus reduced the size of the inner core disk but simultaneously enlarged the outermost black ring. Damage at two nearby sites in the background induced an extensive black area, possibly as a result of the synergistic enhancement of the two induced signals. These results confirmed the previous forewing results and provided further evidence for the long-range and synergistic interactive nature of the morphogenic signals that may be explained by a reaction-diffusion mechanism as a part of the induction model for color-pattern formation in butterfly wings.",book:{id:"6156",slug:"lepidoptera",title:"Lepidoptera",fullTitle:"Lepidoptera"},signatures:"Mayo Iwasaki and Joji M. Otaki",authors:[{id:"208068",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Joji",middleName:"M.",surname:"Otaki",slug:"joji-otaki",fullName:"Joji Otaki"},{id:"208071",title:"MSc.",name:"Mayo",middleName:null,surname:"Iwasaki",slug:"mayo-iwasaki",fullName:"Mayo Iwasaki"}]},{id:"57286",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71158",title:"Mitochondrial Genomes of Lepidopteran Insects Considered Crop Pests",slug:"mitochondrial-genomes-of-lepidopteran-insects-considered-crop-pests",totalDownloads:1188,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:"In this chapter, the complete mitochondrial genome of Guatemalan potato moth, Tecia solanivora (Povolny, 1973) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is presented as a model to understand how to characterize and study a mitogenome in insects. It was sequenced, analyzed, and compared with other lepidopteran insects. T. solanivora mitogenome is a circular double-stranded molecule, typically found in insects and containing 37 genes, all them well described over the other lepidopteran mitogenomes sequenced. Interestingly, in this mitogenome was found a gene arrangement in the tRNA-Met gene different from the ancestral arrangement, but commonly present in insect mitogenomes. Other important characteristics are the high A + T-biased and negative AT- and GC-skews contents, but also unusual canonical start codons in 12 protein-coding genes and an incomplete stop codon in the cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene consisting of just a Thymine. Another common feature shared with lepidopteran mitogenomes is the A + T-rich region. It is characterized by having 325 bb, the ‘ATAGA’ motif, a 17 bp poly (T) stretch and a (AT)8 element preceded by the ‘ATTTA’ motif. Likewise, this mitogenome has 21 intergenic spacer regions. In addition, an update about other recent mitogenomes research done mainly over lepidopteran insects considered crop pests is presented. On the other hand, a novel development based on induced mutations by CRISPR-Cas9 in the mitogenomes seeking applicable capability for pest control is shown. The utility of this study is to improve scientific databases and support future studies of population genetic in lepidopteran.",book:{id:"6156",slug:"lepidoptera",title:"Lepidoptera",fullTitle:"Lepidoptera"},signatures:"Viviana Ramírez-Ríos, Javier Correa Alvarez and Diego Villanueva-\nMejia",authors:[{id:"206827",title:"Dr.",name:"Diego",middleName:"F.",surname:"Villanueva-Mejía",slug:"diego-villanueva-mejia",fullName:"Diego Villanueva-Mejía"},{id:"214479",title:"Dr.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Correa Alvarez",slug:"javier-correa-alvarez",fullName:"Javier Correa Alvarez"},{id:"219660",title:"MSc.",name:"Viviana",middleName:null,surname:"Ramírez-Ríos",slug:"viviana-ramirez-rios",fullName:"Viviana Ramírez-Ríos"}]},{id:"57355",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.70925",title:"Lepidoptera Collection Curation and Data Management",slug:"lepidoptera-collection-curation-and-data-management",totalDownloads:1529,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"The collections of Lepidoptera often serve as foundational basis for a wide range of biological, ecological, and climate science disciplines. Species identification and higher taxa delimitation based on collection specimens and especially, on types test scientific hypotheses, provide multiple types of evidence for a broad range of users. Curation and data management approaches applied in Lepidoptera collections benefit greatly from many newly developed information techniques, which link and integrate data. Mostly attention is focused on clean verified collection and taxonomic literature mining data to obtain correct species-group and higher taxa names, as well as reliable data on the distribution of Lepidoptera and their trophic interactions. Collection creation and management became a subject of natural sciences itself. The chapter provides a historic overview on collection creation and curation together with a short discussion on collection goals and purposes. The creation of a virtual collection based on interlinked data is emphasized. Information science and data management tools became very important in Lepidoptera collection curation. The complexity of techniques and computing tools used in taxonomy and the increase in the amount of data that can be obtained by collection-based disciplines make it necessary to automate data gathering, manipulation, analysis, and visualization processes.",book:{id:"6156",slug:"lepidoptera",title:"Lepidoptera",fullTitle:"Lepidoptera"},signatures:"Jurate De Prins",authors:[{id:"213731",title:"Dr.",name:"Jurate",middleName:null,surname:"De Prins",slug:"jurate-de-prins",fullName:"Jurate De Prins"}]},{id:"75753",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.96637",title:"Managing a Transboundary Pest: The Fall Armyworm on Maize in Africa",slug:"managing-a-transboundary-pest-the-fall-armyworm-on-maize-in-africa",totalDownloads:452,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) invaded Africa in 2016, and has since spread to all countries in sub-Saharan Africa, causing devastating effects on mainly maize and sorghum. The rapid spread of this pest is aided by its high reproductive rate, high migration ability, wide host range and adaptability to different environments, among others. Since its introduction, many governments purchased and distributed pesticides for emergency control, with minimal regard to their efficacy. In this chapter, we review efforts towards managing this pest, highlight key challenges, and provide our thoughts on considerations for sustainable management of the pest.",book:{id:"9666",slug:"moths-and-caterpillars",title:"Moths and Caterpillars",fullTitle:"Moths and Caterpillars"},signatures:"Michael Hilary Otim, Komi Kouma Mokpokpo Fiaboe, Juliet Akello, Barnabas Mudde, Allan Tekkara Obonyom, Anani Yaovi Bruce, Winnifred Aool Opio, Peter Chinwada, Girma Hailu and Pamela Paparu",authors:[{id:"331168",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael",middleName:"Hilary",surname:"Otim",slug:"michael-otim",fullName:"Michael Otim"},{id:"339328",title:"Dr.",name:"Girma",middleName:null,surname:"Hailu",slug:"girma-hailu",fullName:"Girma Hailu"},{id:"339330",title:"Dr.",name:"Pamela",middleName:null,surname:"Paparu",slug:"pamela-paparu",fullName:"Pamela Paparu"},{id:"339339",title:"Dr.",name:"Peter",middleName:null,surname:"Chinwada",slug:"peter-chinwada",fullName:"Peter Chinwada"},{id:"339340",title:"Ms.",name:"Winnifred",middleName:null,surname:"Aool Opio",slug:"winnifred-aool-opio",fullName:"Winnifred Aool Opio"},{id:"339341",title:"Dr.",name:"Anani",middleName:null,surname:"Bruce Yaovi",slug:"anani-bruce-yaovi",fullName:"Anani Bruce Yaovi"},{id:"339345",title:"Mr.",name:"Allan",middleName:"Obonyom",surname:"Tekkara",slug:"allan-tekkara",fullName:"Allan Tekkara"},{id:"339346",title:"Dr.",name:"Juliet",middleName:null,surname:"Akello",slug:"juliet-akello",fullName:"Juliet Akello"},{id:"339347",title:"Dr.",name:"Barnabas",middleName:null,surname:"Mudde",slug:"barnabas-mudde",fullName:"Barnabas Mudde"},{id:"339349",title:"Dr.",name:"Fiaboe",middleName:null,surname:"Komi K Mokpokpo",slug:"fiaboe-komi-k-mokpokpo",fullName:"Fiaboe Komi K Mokpokpo"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"57369",title:"Introductory Chapter: Lepidoptera",slug:"introductory-chapter-lepidoptera",totalDownloads:6978,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:null,book:{id:"6156",slug:"lepidoptera",title:"Lepidoptera",fullTitle:"Lepidoptera"},signatures:"Farzana Khan Perveen and Anzela Khan",authors:[{id:"75563",title:"Dr.",name:"Farzana Khan",middleName:null,surname:"Perveen",slug:"farzana-khan-perveen",fullName:"Farzana Khan Perveen"}]},{id:"57355",title:"Lepidoptera Collection Curation and Data Management",slug:"lepidoptera-collection-curation-and-data-management",totalDownloads:1529,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"The collections of Lepidoptera often serve as foundational basis for a wide range of biological, ecological, and climate science disciplines. Species identification and higher taxa delimitation based on collection specimens and especially, on types test scientific hypotheses, provide multiple types of evidence for a broad range of users. Curation and data management approaches applied in Lepidoptera collections benefit greatly from many newly developed information techniques, which link and integrate data. Mostly attention is focused on clean verified collection and taxonomic literature mining data to obtain correct species-group and higher taxa names, as well as reliable data on the distribution of Lepidoptera and their trophic interactions. Collection creation and management became a subject of natural sciences itself. The chapter provides a historic overview on collection creation and curation together with a short discussion on collection goals and purposes. The creation of a virtual collection based on interlinked data is emphasized. Information science and data management tools became very important in Lepidoptera collection curation. The complexity of techniques and computing tools used in taxonomy and the increase in the amount of data that can be obtained by collection-based disciplines make it necessary to automate data gathering, manipulation, analysis, and visualization processes.",book:{id:"6156",slug:"lepidoptera",title:"Lepidoptera",fullTitle:"Lepidoptera"},signatures:"Jurate De Prins",authors:[{id:"213731",title:"Dr.",name:"Jurate",middleName:null,surname:"De Prins",slug:"jurate-de-prins",fullName:"Jurate De Prins"}]},{id:"57731",title:"Taxocenotic and Biocenotic Study of Lepidoptera (Rhopalocera) in Rucamanque: A Forest Remnant in the Central Valley of the Araucanía Region, Chile",slug:"taxocenotic-and-biocenotic-study-of-lepidoptera-rhopalocera-in-rucamanque-a-forest-remnant-in-the-ce",totalDownloads:1236,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"Considering that butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) are sensitive to physical and climatic changes, e.g. of temperature, humidity and solar radiation, produced by disturbances in their habitat, a survey of this group was carried out in a small remnant of native forest (Rucamanque) in the central valley of the Araucanía Region of Chile. The object was to record the composition, abundance and diversity of Rhopalocera in grassland, forest and the ecotone between them during spring and summer. The study recorded 1190 individual butterflies belonging to 25 species, 18 genera, 8 sub-families and 4 families. The highest values of species richness and abundance were obtained in the summer, of 25 species and 953 individuals; in the spring, 9 species were recorded with a total of 237 individuals. The greatest diversity and homogeneity were found in the ecotone habitat (H′=3.86; J′=0.88; λ =0.08); the values for grassland were (H′=2.73; J′=0.67; λ =0.23) and for forest (H′=2.55; J′=0.71; λ =0.23); these environments being less diverse and more homogeneous. The greatest taxocenotic similarity was found between grassland and the ecotone (54%), and the least similarity appeared between the ecotone and forest (34%). The greatest biocenotic similarity was found between the ecotone and forest (48%), and the lowest correspondence was between grassland and forest (4.18%).",book:{id:"6156",slug:"lepidoptera",title:"Lepidoptera",fullTitle:"Lepidoptera"},signatures:"Hernán Navarrete Parra and Ramón Rebolledo Ranz",authors:[{id:"193813",title:"Dr.",name:"Ramón Eduardo",middleName:null,surname:"Rebolledo Ranz",slug:"ramon-eduardo-rebolledo-ranz",fullName:"Ramón Eduardo Rebolledo Ranz"},{id:"217930",title:"Prof.",name:"Hernán",middleName:null,surname:"Navarrete",slug:"hernan-navarrete",fullName:"Hernán Navarrete"}]},{id:"56208",title:"Molecular Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Lepidoptera with Special Reference to Influence of Wolbachia Infection in the Genus Polytremis",slug:"molecular-phylogeny-and-taxonomy-of-lepidoptera-with-special-reference-to-influence-of-wolbachia-inf",totalDownloads:1248,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"This chapter provides a case of genus Polytremis Mabille, 1904 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae), to explain the molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Lepidoptera and the influence of Wolbachia infection. Earlier studies of Lepidoptera were focused mainly on the morphological classification, population distribution, and identification of new species. As the supplementary to morphological research, analysis of DNA has been widely used in the phylogenetic studies of Lepidoptera. The study provides a conservative estimate that the Wolbachia infection rate in Polytremis nascens Leech (1893) is 31%, and no significant difference in the prevalence is found between the sexes. The Wolbachia infection mainly prevails in populations of P. nascens in southern China, which influence the diversity of mtDNA in P. nascens by a Wolbachia-induced sweep. The Wolbachia infection rate in Polytremis fukia Evans (1940) is 47% and shows a weak association existed between mitochondrial DNA haplotypes and wFuk1 infection status.",book:{id:"6156",slug:"lepidoptera",title:"Lepidoptera",fullTitle:"Lepidoptera"},signatures:"Weibin Jiang",authors:[{id:"207420",title:"Dr.",name:"Weibin",middleName:null,surname:"Jiang",slug:"weibin-jiang",fullName:"Weibin Jiang"}]},{id:"75535",title:"Role of Pheromone Application Technology for the Management of Codling Moth in High Altitude and Cold Arid Region of Ladakh",slug:"role-of-pheromone-application-technology-for-the-management-of-codling-moth-in-high-altitude-and-col",totalDownloads:301,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"The codling moth is a threat to the apple industries in India. Currently, no solutions are available for the management of codling moth in Ladakh. Therefore, all fresh fruits from Ladakh are still banned due to quarantine regulations. Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh and Ladakh are the three main apple producing states of India, both in quality and quantity. The ban on all fresh fruits from Ladakh directly affects the economy of rural populations. These fruits are sold in all the local markets of Kargil and Leh. Apples damaged by the larvae of codling moth are less preferred by inhabitants, tourists, and security forces, a large area of Ladakh is bordered with China and Pakistan. Field demonstration trials revealed significantly less fruit damage in apple orchards in different hamlets of Ladakh using pheromone dispensers, pheromone baited traps, and two applications of insecticides for codling moth management. A demonstration of the use of pheromone and pheromone dispenser technology for area-wide management for high dense populations of the codling moth in Ladakh has revealed successful results in the orchards of the apple growers. Area-wide management of the codling moth in some villages, using dispenser technology has shown promising results. The ban of fresh fruits in Ladakh may not be, therefore, appropriate as management of the codling moth appears to be successful with the use of pheromone dispenser technology. This technology will, surely, boost the apple industry and have a great potential for establishing commercial orchards and quality apples in high altitudes in the second-highest cold arid region of the world.",book:{id:"9666",slug:"moths-and-caterpillars",title:"Moths and Caterpillars",fullTitle:"Moths and Caterpillars"},signatures:"Barkat Hussain, Faizaan Ahmad, Ejaz Ahmad, Wasim Yousuf and Mohd Mehdi",authors:[{id:"319667",title:"Dr.",name:"Barkat",middleName:null,surname:"Hussain",slug:"barkat-hussain",fullName:"Barkat Hussain"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"316",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:0,limit:8,total:null},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[],lsSeriesList:[],hsSeriesList:[],sshSeriesList:[],testimonialsList:[]},series:{item:{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",issn:"2754-6713",scope:"\r\n\tScientists have long researched to understand the environment and man’s place in it. The search for this knowledge grows in importance as rapid increases in population and economic development intensify humans’ stresses on ecosystems. Fortunately, rapid increases in multiple scientific areas are advancing our understanding of environmental sciences. Breakthroughs in computing, molecular biology, ecology, and sustainability science are enhancing our ability to utilize environmental sciences to address real-world problems.
\r\n\tThe four topics of this book series - Pollution; Environmental Resilience and Management; Ecosystems and Biodiversity; and Water Science - will address important areas of advancement in the environmental sciences. They will represent an excellent initial grouping of published works on these critical topics.
\r\n\tScientists have long researched to understand the environment and man’s place in it. The search for this knowledge grows in importance as rapid increases in population and economic development intensify humans’ stresses on ecosystems. Fortunately, rapid increases in multiple scientific areas are advancing our understanding of environmental sciences. Breakthroughs in computing, molecular biology, ecology, and sustainability science are enhancing our ability to utilize environmental sciences to address real-world problems.
\r\n\tThe four topics of this book series - Pollution; Environmental Resilience and Management; Ecosystems and Biodiversity; and Water Science - will address important areas of advancement in the environmental sciences. They will represent an excellent initial grouping of published works on these critical topics.
\r\n\tPollution is caused by a wide variety of human activities and occurs in diverse forms, for example biological, chemical, et cetera. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to ensure that the environment is clean, that rigorous rules are implemented, and old laws are updated to reduce the risks towards humans and ecosystems. However, rapid industrialization and the need for more cultivable sources or habitable lands, for an increasing population, as well as fewer alternatives for waste disposal, make the pollution control tasks more challenging. Therefore, this topic will focus on assessing and managing environmental pollution. It will cover various subjects, including risk assessment due to the pollution of ecosystems, transport and fate of pollutants, restoration or remediation of polluted matrices, and efforts towards sustainable solutions to minimize environmental pollution.
",annualVolume:11966,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/38.jpg",editor:{id:"110740",title:"Dr.",name:"Ismail M.M.",middleName:null,surname:"Rahman",fullName:"Ismail M.M. Rahman",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/110740/images/2319_n.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Fukushima University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},editorTwo:{id:"201020",title:"Dr.",name:"Zinnat Ara",middleName:null,surname:"Begum",fullName:"Zinnat Ara Begum",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/201020/images/system/201020.jpeg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Fukushima University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"252368",title:"Dr.",name:"Meng-Chuan",middleName:null,surname:"Ong",fullName:"Meng-Chuan Ong",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRVotQAG/Profile_Picture_2022-05-20T12:04:28.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Malaysia Terengganu",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"63465",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohamed Nageeb",middleName:null,surname:"Rashed",fullName:"Mohamed Nageeb Rashed",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/63465/images/system/63465.gif",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Aswan University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}},{id:"187907",title:"Dr.",name:"Olga",middleName:null,surname:"Anne",fullName:"Olga Anne",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSBE5QAO/Profile_Picture_2022-04-07T09:42:13.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Klaipeda State University of Applied Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Lithuania"}}}]},{id:"39",title:"Environmental Resilience and Management",keywords:"Anthropic effects, Overexploitation, Biodiversity loss, Degradation, Inadequate Management, SDGs adequate practices",scope:"\r\n\tThe environment is subject to severe anthropic effects. Among them are those associated with pollution, resource extraction and overexploitation, loss of biodiversity, soil degradation, disorderly land occupation and planning, and many others. These anthropic effects could potentially be caused by any inadequate management of the environment. However, ecosystems have a resilience that makes them react to disturbances which mitigate the negative effects. It is critical to understand how ecosystems, natural and anthropized, including urban environments, respond to actions that have a negative influence and how they are managed. It is also important to establish when the limits marked by the resilience and the breaking point are achieved and when no return is possible. The main focus for the chapters is to cover the subjects such as understanding how the environment resilience works, the mechanisms involved, and how to manage them in order to improve our interactions with the environment and promote the use of adequate management practices such as those outlined in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.
",annualVolume:11967,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/39.jpg",editor:{id:"137040",title:"Prof.",name:"Jose",middleName:null,surname:"Navarro-Pedreño",fullName:"Jose Navarro-Pedreño",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRAXrQAO/Profile_Picture_2022-03-09T15:50:19.jpg",institutionString:"Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Spain",institution:null},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"177015",title:"Prof.",name:"Elke Jurandy",middleName:null,surname:"Bran Nogueira Cardoso",fullName:"Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRGxzQAG/Profile_Picture_2022-03-25T08:32:33.jpg",institutionString:"Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil",institution:null},{id:"211260",title:"Dr.",name:"Sandra",middleName:null,surname:"Ricart",fullName:"Sandra Ricart",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/211260/images/system/211260.jpeg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Alicante",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}}]},{id:"40",title:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity",keywords:"Ecosystems, Biodiversity, Fauna, Taxonomy, Invasive species, Destruction of habitats, Overexploitation of natural resources, Pollution, Global warming, Conservation of natural spaces, Bioremediation",scope:"