\r\n\t(i) Quantum dots of very high-quality optical applications, Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LED) and ‘QD-White LED’, Quantum dot photodetectors (QDPs), Quantum dot solar cells (Photovoltaics).
\r\n\r\n\t(ii) Quantum Computing (quantum bits or ‘qubits’), (vii) The Future of Quantum Dots (broad range of real-time applications, magnetic quantum dots & graphene quantum dots), Superconducting Loop, Quantum Entanglement, Quantum Fingerprints.
\r\n\r\n\t(iii) Biomedical and Environmental Applications (to study intracellular processes, tumor targeting, in vivo observation of cell trafficking, diagnostics and cellular imaging at high resolutions), Bioconjugation, Cell Imaging, Photoelectrochemical Immunosensor, Membranes and Bacterial Cells, Resonance Energy-Transfer Processes, Evaluation of Drinking Water Quality, Water and Wastewater Treatment, Pollutant Control.
",isbn:"978-1-80356-594-1",printIsbn:"978-1-80356-593-4",pdfIsbn:"978-1-80356-595-8",doi:null,price:0,priceEur:0,priceUsd:0,slug:null,numberOfPages:0,isOpenForSubmission:!0,isSalesforceBook:!1,hash:"0dd5611c62c91569bd2819e68852002a",bookSignature:"Prof. Jagannathan Thirumalai",publishedDate:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11756.jpg",keywords:"LED, Organic LEDs, Dyes & Pigments, Solar Cells, Laser Photonics, Electronic Switching Devices, Qubits, Josephson Junction, Bioconjugation, Cell Imaging, Photoelectrochemical Immunosensor, Membranes, and Bacterial Cells",numberOfDownloads:null,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:null,numberOfDimensionsCitations:null,numberOfTotalCitations:null,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"March 16th 2022",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"May 27th 2022",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"July 26th 2022",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"October 14th 2022",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"December 13th 2022",remainingDaysToSecondStep:"10 days",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,editedByType:null,kuFlag:!1,biosketch:"Dr. J. Thirumalai received his Ph.D. from Alagappa University, Karaikudi, He was also awarded the Post-doctoral Fellowship from Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), the Republic of Korea. His research interests focus on luminescence, self-assembled nanomaterials, and thin-film optoelectronic devices. He has published more than 60 SCOPUS/ISI indexed papers and 11 book chapters, edited 4 books, and member of several national and international societies like RSC, OSA, etc. His h-index is 19.",coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"99242",title:"Prof.",name:"Jagannathan",middleName:null,surname:"Thirumalai",slug:"jagannathan-thirumalai",fullName:"Jagannathan Thirumalai",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/99242/images/system/99242.png",biography:"Dr. J. Thirumalai received his Ph.D. from Alagappa University, Karaikudi in 2010. He was also awarded the Post-doctoral Fellowship from Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Republic of Korea, in 2013. He worked as Assistant Professor of Physics, B.S. Abdur Rahman University, Chennai, India (2011 to 2016). Currently, he is working as Senior Assistant Professor of Physics, Srinivasa Ramanujan Centre, SASTRA Deemed University, Kumbakonam (T.N.), India. His research interests focus on luminescence, self-assembled nanomaterials, and thin film opto-electronic devices. He has published more than 60 SCOPUS/ISI indexed papers and 11 book chapters, edited 4 books and member in several national and international societies like RSC, OSA, etc. Currently, he served as a principal investigator for a funded project towards the application of luminescence based thin film opto-electronic devices, funded by the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), India. As an expert in opto-electronics and nanotechnology area, he has been invited as external and internal examiners to MSc and PhD theses, invited to give talk in some forum, review papers for international and national journals.",institutionString:"SASTRA University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"10",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"6",institution:null}],coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"17",title:"Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials",slug:"nanotechnology-and-nanomaterials"}],chapters:null,productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"347258",firstName:"Marica",lastName:"Novakovic",middleName:null,title:"Ms.",imageUrl:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",email:"marica@intechopen.com",biography:null}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"5348",title:"Luminescence",subtitle:"An Outlook on the Phenomena and their Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d982c49fed4423a0ea7367af4f917b82",slug:"luminescence-an-outlook-on-the-phenomena-and-their-applications",bookSignature:"Jagannathan Thirumalai",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5348.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"99242",title:"Prof.",name:"Jagannathan",surname:"Thirumalai",slug:"jagannathan-thirumalai",fullName:"Jagannathan Thirumalai"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6489",title:"Light-Emitting Diode",subtitle:"An Outlook On the Empirical Features and Its Recent Technological Advancements",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"20818f168134f1af35547e807d839463",slug:"light-emitting-diode-an-outlook-on-the-empirical-features-and-its-recent-technological-advancements",bookSignature:"Jagannathan Thirumalai",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6489.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"99242",title:"Prof.",name:"Jagannathan",surname:"Thirumalai",slug:"jagannathan-thirumalai",fullName:"Jagannathan Thirumalai"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6242",title:"Hydroxyapatite",subtitle:"Advances in Composite Nanomaterials, Biomedical Applications and Its Technological Facets",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6a18a9b6617ae6d943649ea7ad9655cc",slug:"hydroxyapatite-advances-in-composite-nanomaterials-biomedical-applications-and-its-technological-facets",bookSignature:"Jagannathan Thirumalai",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6242.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"99242",title:"Prof.",name:"Jagannathan",surname:"Thirumalai",slug:"jagannathan-thirumalai",fullName:"Jagannathan Thirumalai"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6124",title:"Micro/Nanolithography",subtitle:"A Heuristic Aspect on the Enduring Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c94caf617c31b349bd3d9dd054a022a3",slug:"micro-nanolithography-a-heuristic-aspect-on-the-enduring-technology",bookSignature:"Jagannathan Thirumalai",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6124.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"99242",title:"Prof.",name:"Jagannathan",surname:"Thirumalai",slug:"jagannathan-thirumalai",fullName:"Jagannathan Thirumalai"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5699",title:"Thin Film Processes",subtitle:"Artifacts on Surface Phenomena and Technological Facets",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"164177fc1e3eca542ebad5fd34a79d1e",slug:"thin-film-processes-artifacts-on-surface-phenomena-and-technological-facets",bookSignature:"Jagannathan Thirumalai",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5699.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"99242",title:"Prof.",name:"Jagannathan",surname:"Thirumalai",slug:"jagannathan-thirumalai",fullName:"Jagannathan Thirumalai"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9414",title:"Advances in Condensed-Matter and Materials Physics",subtitle:"Rudimentary Research to Topical Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3aebac680de7d3af200eadd0a0b2f737",slug:"advances-in-condensed-matter-and-materials-physics-rudimentary-research-to-topical-technology",bookSignature:"Jagannathan Thirumalai and Sergey Ivanovich Pokutnyi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9414.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"99242",title:"Prof.",name:"Jagannathan",surname:"Thirumalai",slug:"jagannathan-thirumalai",fullName:"Jagannathan Thirumalai"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5884",title:"Unraveling the Safety Profile of Nanoscale Particles and Materials",subtitle:"From Biomedical to Environmental Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e5811aa0f15ab9d8b6a235e8408875d",slug:"unraveling-the-safety-profile-of-nanoscale-particles-and-materials-from-biomedical-to-environmental-applications",bookSignature:"Andreia C. Gomes and Marisa P. Sarria",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5884.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"146466",title:"Prof.",name:"Andreia",surname:"Ferreira de Castro Gomes",slug:"andreia-ferreira-de-castro-gomes",fullName:"Andreia Ferreira de Castro Gomes"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7325",title:"Nanostructures in Energy Generation, Transmission and Storage",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8e49924dd2c3e28c82fdc115ce04f925",slug:"nanostructures-in-energy-generation-transmission-and-storage",bookSignature:"Yanina Fedorenko",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7325.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"199149",title:"Dr.",name:"Yanina",surname:"Fedorenko",slug:"yanina-fedorenko",fullName:"Yanina Fedorenko"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9230",title:"Smart Nanosystems for Biomedicine, Optoelectronics and Catalysis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1d1af591d87490c9ad728a1352e62d96",slug:"smart-nanosystems-for-biomedicine-optoelectronics-and-catalysis",bookSignature:"Tatyana Shabatina and Vladimir Bochenkov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9230.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"237988",title:"Prof.",name:"Tatyana",surname:"Shabatina",slug:"tatyana-shabatina",fullName:"Tatyana Shabatina"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9322",title:"Hybrid Nanomaterials",subtitle:"Flexible Electronics Materials",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"beff6cce44f54582ee8a828759d24f19",slug:"hybrid-nanomaterials-flexible-electronics-materials",bookSignature:"Rafael Vargas-Bernal, Peng He and Shuye Zhang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9322.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"182114",title:"D.Sc.",name:"Rafael",surname:"Vargas-Bernal",slug:"rafael-vargas-bernal",fullName:"Rafael Vargas-Bernal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"19989",title:"Metabolism of α- Linolenic Acid (ALA) in Meat Animals",doi:"10.5772/19077",slug:"metabolism-of-linolenic-acid-ala-in-meat-animals",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/19989.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/19989",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/19989",totalDownloads:4620,totalViews:172,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:5,totalAltmetricsMentions:0,impactScore:2,impactScorePercentile:76,impactScoreQuartile:4,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:"November 1st 2010",dateReviewed:"April 19th 2011",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"September 12th 2011",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/19989",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/19989",book:{id:"497",slug:"soybean-and-nutrition"},signatures:"Pilar Teresa Garcia",authors:[{id:"33493",title:"Dr.",name:"Pilar Teresa",middleName:null,surname:"Garcia",fullName:"Pilar Teresa Garcia",slug:"pilar-teresa-garcia",email:"pitegarcia@yahoo.com",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:{name:"National Agricultural Technology Institute",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Argentina"}}}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"497",type:"book",title:"Soybean and Nutrition",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Soybean and Nutrition",slug:"soybean-and-nutrition",publishedDate:"September 12th 2011",bookSignature:"Hany El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/497.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY-NC-SA 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-307-536-5",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-5172-2",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",numberOfWosCitations:215,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",middleName:null,surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"323"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"19972",type:"chapter",title:"Nutritional Value of Soybean Meal",slug:"nutritional-value-of-soybean-meal",totalDownloads:17734,totalCrossrefCites:32,signatures:"Teresa Banaszkiewicz",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"51014",title:"Prof.",name:"Teresa",middleName:null,surname:"Banaszkiewicz",fullName:"Teresa Banaszkiewicz",slug:"teresa-banaszkiewicz"}]},{id:"19973",type:"chapter",title:"Soy as a Functional Food",slug:"soy-as-a-functional-food",totalDownloads:3736,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Jocelem Mastrodi Salgado and Carlos M. Donado-Pestana",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"47486",title:"Dr.",name:"Jocelem",middleName:null,surname:"Mastrodi Salgado",fullName:"Jocelem Mastrodi Salgado",slug:"jocelem-mastrodi-salgado"},{id:"68007",title:"MSc.",name:"Carlos Mario",middleName:null,surname:"Donado-Pestana",fullName:"Carlos Mario Donado-Pestana",slug:"carlos-mario-donado-pestana"}]},{id:"19974",type:"chapter",title:"Use of Soybean in Cereal Based Food Formulation and Development of Nutritionally Improved Foods",slug:"use-of-soybean-in-cereal-based-food-formulation-and-development-of-nutritionally-improved-foods",totalDownloads:2717,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Silvina R. Drago, María S. Lassa, Roberto L. Torres, Dardo M. De Greef and Rolando J. González",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"46159",title:"Prof.",name:"Rolando",middleName:null,surname:"González",fullName:"Rolando González",slug:"rolando-gonzalez"},{id:"51227",title:"Dr.",name:"Silvina Rosa",middleName:null,surname:"Drago",fullName:"Silvina Rosa Drago",slug:"silvina-rosa-drago"},{id:"51228",title:"MSc.",name:"María Silvina",middleName:null,surname:"Lassa",fullName:"María Silvina Lassa",slug:"maria-silvina-lassa"},{id:"51229",title:"Prof.",name:"Roberto Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Torres",fullName:"Roberto Luis Torres",slug:"roberto-luis-torres"},{id:"51230",title:"Mr.",name:"Dardo Mario",middleName:null,surname:"De Greef",fullName:"Dardo Mario De Greef",slug:"dardo-mario-de-greef"}]},{id:"19975",type:"chapter",title:"Phytase: An Enzyme to Improve Soybean Nutrition",slug:"phytase-an-enzyme-to-improve-soybean-nutrition",totalDownloads:3732,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Xin Gen Lei and Jesus M. Porres",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"37513",title:"Prof.",name:"XINGEN",middleName:null,surname:"LEI",fullName:"XINGEN LEI",slug:"xingen-lei"},{id:"45337",title:"Prof.",name:"Jesus",middleName:null,surname:"Porres",fullName:"Jesus Porres",slug:"jesus-porres"}]},{id:"19976",type:"chapter",title:"Utilization of Soybean as Food Stuffs in Korea",slug:"utilization-of-soybean-as-food-stuffs-in-korea",totalDownloads:3006,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Dong Hwa Shin",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"45642",title:"Prof.",name:"Dong-Hwa",middleName:null,surname:"Shin",fullName:"Dong-Hwa Shin",slug:"dong-hwa-shin"}]},{id:"19977",type:"chapter",title:"Soybean Meal Quality and Analytical Techniques",slug:"soybean-meal-quality-and-analytical-techniques",totalDownloads:9609,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"W. A. Dozier, III and J. B. Hess",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"55833",title:"Dr.",name:"W. A.",middleName:null,surname:"Dozier, Iii",fullName:"W. A. Dozier, Iii",slug:"w.-a.-dozier-iii"},{id:"136330",title:"Prof.",name:"Joseph B. (Joe)",middleName:null,surname:"Hess",fullName:"Joseph B. (Joe) Hess",slug:"joseph-b.-(joe)-hess"}]},{id:"19978",type:"chapter",title:"Advances in Soybean and Soybean By-Products in Monogastric Nutrition and Health",slug:"advances-in-soybean-and-soybean-by-products-in-monogastric-nutrition-and-health",totalDownloads:5403,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Samuel N. Nahashon and Agnes K. Kilonzo-Nthenge",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"41915",title:"Dr.",name:"Samuel",middleName:"N.",surname:"Nahashon",fullName:"Samuel Nahashon",slug:"samuel-nahashon"},{id:"48133",title:"Dr.",name:"Agnes",middleName:null,surname:"Kilonzo-Nthenge",fullName:"Agnes Kilonzo-Nthenge",slug:"agnes-kilonzo-nthenge"}]},{id:"19979",type:"chapter",title:"Soya, Human Nutrition and Health",slug:"soya-human-nutrition-and-health",totalDownloads:3587,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Sylvia Burssens, Ine Pertry, Delphin Diasolua Ngudi, Yu-Haey Kuo, Marc Van Montagu and Fernand Lambein",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"45563",title:"Prof.",name:"Fernand",middleName:null,surname:"Lambein",fullName:"Fernand Lambein",slug:"fernand-lambein"},{id:"46725",title:"Dr.",name:"Sylvia",middleName:null,surname:"Burssens",fullName:"Sylvia Burssens",slug:"sylvia-burssens"},{id:"46726",title:"Prof.",name:"Ivan",middleName:null,surname:"Ingelbrecht",fullName:"Ivan Ingelbrecht",slug:"ivan-ingelbrecht"},{id:"46727",title:"Dr.",name:"Delphin",middleName:null,surname:"Diasolua Ngudi",fullName:"Delphin Diasolua Ngudi",slug:"delphin-diasolua-ngudi"},{id:"46728",title:"Dr.",name:"Yu-Haey",middleName:null,surname:"Kuo",fullName:"Yu-Haey Kuo",slug:"yu-haey-kuo"}]},{id:"19980",type:"chapter",title:"Feeds with Probiotics in Animals’ Nutrition",slug:"feeds-with-probiotics-in-animals-nutrition",totalDownloads:5887,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Joanna Biernasiak, Katarzyna Śliżewska and Zdzisława Libudzisz",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"39929",title:"Dr.",name:"Biernasiak",middleName:null,surname:"Joanna",fullName:"Biernasiak Joanna",slug:"biernasiak-joanna"},{id:"46832",title:"Dr.",name:"Katarzyna",middleName:null,surname:"Slizewska",fullName:"Katarzyna Slizewska",slug:"katarzyna-slizewska"},{id:"46833",title:"Prof.",name:"Zdzisława",middleName:null,surname:"Libudzisz",fullName:"Zdzisława Libudzisz",slug:"zdzislawa-libudzisz"}]},{id:"19981",type:"chapter",title:"Using Exogenous Enzymes to Increase the Nutritional Value of Soybean Meal in Poultry Diet",slug:"using-exogenous-enzymes-to-increase-the-nutritional-value-of-soybean-meal-in-poultry-diet",totalDownloads:5859,totalCrossrefCites:6,signatures:"Tuoying Ao",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"34231",title:"Dr.",name:"Tuoying",middleName:null,surname:"Ao",fullName:"Tuoying Ao",slug:"tuoying-ao"}]},{id:"19982",type:"chapter",title:"Soybean Peptide: Novel Plant Growth Promoting Peptide from Soybean",slug:"soybean-peptide-novel-plant-growth-promoting-peptide-from-soybean",totalDownloads:3748,totalCrossrefCites:13,signatures:"Yoshiki Matsumiya and Motoki Kubo",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"33767",title:"Prof.",name:"Motoki",middleName:null,surname:"Kubo",fullName:"Motoki Kubo",slug:"motoki-kubo"},{id:"46758",title:"Dr.",name:"Yoshiki",middleName:null,surname:"Matsumiya",fullName:"Yoshiki Matsumiya",slug:"yoshiki-matsumiya"}]},{id:"19983",type:"chapter",title:"Dietary Effect of Soybean (Glycine max) Products on Gut Histology and Microbiota of Fish",slug:"dietary-effect-of-soybean-glycine-max-products-on-gut-histology-and-microbiota-of-fish",totalDownloads:4449,totalCrossrefCites:6,signatures:"Daniel L. Merrifield, Rolf Erik Olsen, Reidar Myklebust and Einar Ringø",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"37424",title:"Prof.",name:"Einar",middleName:null,surname:"Ringø",fullName:"Einar Ringø",slug:"einar-ringo"},{id:"37436",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",middleName:null,surname:"Merrifield",fullName:"Daniel Merrifield",slug:"daniel-merrifield"},{id:"91338",title:"Dr.",name:"Rolf Erik",middleName:null,surname:"Olsen",fullName:"Rolf Erik Olsen",slug:"rolf-erik-olsen"},{id:"91341",title:"Prof.",name:"Reidar",middleName:null,surname:"Myklebust",fullName:"Reidar Myklebust",slug:"reidar-myklebust"}]},{id:"19984",type:"chapter",title:"Soybean Oil in Horses’ Diets",slug:"soybean-oil-in-horses-diets",totalDownloads:4010,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Fernando Queiroz de Almeida and Fernanda Nascimento de Godoi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"44613",title:"Prof.",name:"Fernando",middleName:null,surname:"Almeida",fullName:"Fernando Almeida",slug:"fernando-almeida"},{id:"44618",title:"MSc",name:"Fernanda",middleName:"Nascimento",surname:"Godoi",fullName:"Fernanda Godoi",slug:"fernanda-godoi"}]},{id:"19985",type:"chapter",title:"Effect of Maternal Selenium and Methionine on Poultry Products (Egg and Meat) Qualities and Oxidative Stability",slug:"effect-of-maternal-selenium-and-methionine-on-poultry-products-egg-and-meat-qualities-and-oxidative-",totalDownloads:2795,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"D. J. Wu, X. J. Pan, Z. G. Wang, Z. Q. Peng, L. Y. Zhao and Y. W. Zhang",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"32984",title:"Dr.",name:"zengqi",middleName:null,surname:"peng",fullName:"zengqi peng",slug:"zengqi-peng"},{id:"111670",title:"MSc.",name:"wu",middleName:null,surname:"Dingjing",fullName:"wu Dingjing",slug:"wu-dingjing"}]},{id:"19986",type:"chapter",title:"Soy and Soy-Based Foods: Role in Health and Nutrition",slug:"soy-and-soy-based-foods-role-in-health-and-nutrition",totalDownloads:2613,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Ana Villares, Ana García-Lafuente, Irene Palacios, Miguel Lozano, Carlos Moro and Eva Guillamón",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"30083",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana",middleName:null,surname:"Villares",fullName:"Ana Villares",slug:"ana-villares"},{id:"46183",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana",middleName:null,surname:"García-Lafuente",fullName:"Ana García-Lafuente",slug:"ana-garcia-lafuente"},{id:"46184",title:"Ms.",name:"Irene",middleName:null,surname:"Palacios",fullName:"Irene Palacios",slug:"irene-palacios"},{id:"46185",title:"Mr.",name:"Miguel",middleName:null,surname:"Lozano",fullName:"Miguel Lozano",slug:"miguel-lozano"},{id:"46186",title:"Mr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Moro",fullName:"Carlos Moro",slug:"carlos-moro"},{id:"46187",title:"Dr.",name:"Eva",middleName:null,surname:"Guillamón",fullName:"Eva Guillamón",slug:"eva-guillamon"}]},{id:"19987",type:"chapter",title:"“Okara” a New Preparation of Food Material with Antioxidant Activity and Dietary Fiber from Soybean",slug:"-okara-a-new-preparation-of-food-material-with-antioxidant-activity-and-dietary-fiber-from-soybean",totalDownloads:3934,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Kohei Suruga, Akihisa Kato, Kazunari Kadokura, Wataru Hiruma, Yoshihiro Sekino, C. A. Tony Buffington and Yasuhiho Komatsu",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"32686",title:"Dr.",name:"Kohei",middleName:null,surname:"Suruga",fullName:"Kohei Suruga",slug:"kohei-suruga"},{id:"136354",title:"Dr.",name:"Akihisa",middleName:null,surname:"Kato",fullName:"Akihisa Kato",slug:"akihisa-kato"},{id:"136355",title:"Dr.",name:"Kazunari",middleName:null,surname:"Kadokura",fullName:"Kazunari Kadokura",slug:"kazunari-kadokura"},{id:"136356",title:"Prof.",name:"Wataru",middleName:null,surname:"Hiruma",fullName:"Wataru Hiruma",slug:"wataru-hiruma"},{id:"136357",title:"Prof.",name:"Yoshihiro",middleName:null,surname:"Sekino",fullName:"Yoshihiro Sekino",slug:"yoshihiro-sekino"},{id:"136358",title:"PhD.",name:"Tony",middleName:null,surname:"Buffington",fullName:"Tony Buffington",slug:"tony-buffington"},{id:"136359",title:"Prof.",name:"Yasuhiho",middleName:null,surname:"Komatsu",fullName:"Yasuhiho Komatsu",slug:"yasuhiho-komatsu"}]},{id:"19988",type:"chapter",title:"Soybean: Friend or Foe",slug:"soybean-friend-or-foe",totalDownloads:2871,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Cristina M. Sena and Raquel M. Seiça",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"33878",title:"Prof.",name:"Cristina",middleName:null,surname:"Sena",fullName:"Cristina Sena",slug:"cristina-sena"},{id:"45039",title:"Prof.",name:"Raquel",middleName:null,surname:"Seiça",fullName:"Raquel Seiça",slug:"raquel-seica"}]},{id:"19989",type:"chapter",title:"Metabolism of α- Linolenic Acid (ALA) in Meat Animals",slug:"metabolism-of-linolenic-acid-ala-in-meat-animals",totalDownloads:4620,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Pilar Teresa Garcia",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"33493",title:"Dr.",name:"Pilar Teresa",middleName:null,surname:"Garcia",fullName:"Pilar Teresa Garcia",slug:"pilar-teresa-garcia"}]},{id:"19990",type:"chapter",title:"Soya Bean Meal and Its Extensive Use in Livestock Feeding and Nutrition",slug:"soya-bean-meal-and-its-extensive-use-in-livestock-feeding-and-nutrition",totalDownloads:7550,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Yulong Yin, Andrew A. Fatufe and Francois Blachier",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"32700",title:"Dr.",name:"Yulong",middleName:null,surname:"Yin",fullName:"Yulong Yin",slug:"yulong-yin"},{id:"136352",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrew",middleName:null,surname:"Fatufe",fullName:"Andrew Fatufe",slug:"andrew-fatufe"},{id:"136353",title:"Prof.",name:"Francois",middleName:null,surname:"Blachier",fullName:"Francois Blachier",slug:"francois-blachier"}]},{id:"19991",type:"chapter",title:"Soybean and Allergy",slug:"soybean-and-allergy",totalDownloads:2627,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Keiji Sugiura and Mariko Sugiura",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"32619",title:"Dr.",name:"Keiji",middleName:null,surname:"Sugiura",fullName:"Keiji Sugiura",slug:"keiji-sugiura"},{id:"32625",title:"Dr.",name:"Mariko",middleName:null,surname:"Sugiura",fullName:"Mariko Sugiura",slug:"mariko-sugiura"}]},{id:"19992",type:"chapter",title:"Soybean: Food or Remedy?",slug:"soybean-food-or-remedy-",totalDownloads:2569,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Sandra Maria Barbalho and Flávia, M. V. Farinazzi-Machado",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"32415",title:"Dr",name:"Sandra",middleName:"Maria",surname:"Barbalho",fullName:"Sandra Barbalho",slug:"sandra-barbalho"},{id:"33325",title:"MSc",name:"Flávia",middleName:"Maria Vasques",surname:"Farinazzi-Machado",fullName:"Flávia Farinazzi-Machado",slug:"flavia-farinazzi-machado"}]},{id:"19993",type:"chapter",title:"Soybean the Main Nitrogen Source in Cultivation Substrates of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms",slug:"soybean-the-main-nitrogen-source-in-cultivation-substrates-of-edible-and-medicinal-mushrooms",totalDownloads:10291,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Diego Cunha Zied, Jean-Michel Savoie and Arturo Pardo-Giménez",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"29145",title:"Dr.",name:"Diego",middleName:null,surname:"Zied",fullName:"Diego Zied",slug:"diego-zied"},{id:"45408",title:"Dr.",name:"Jean-Michel",middleName:null,surname:"Savoie",fullName:"Jean-Michel Savoie",slug:"jean-michel-savoie"},{id:"45409",title:"Dr.",name:"Arturo",middleName:null,surname:"Pardo-Giménez",fullName:"Arturo Pardo-Giménez",slug:"arturo-pardo-gimenez"}]},{id:"19994",type:"chapter",title:"Assessing Compositional Differences in Soy Products and Impacts on Health Claims",slug:"assessing-compositional-differences-in-soy-products-and-impacts-on-health-claims",totalDownloads:4176,totalCrossrefCites:6,signatures:"Joyce Boye and Sabine Ribéreau",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"29137",title:"Dr.",name:"Joyce",middleName:null,surname:"Boye",fullName:"Joyce Boye",slug:"joyce-boye"},{id:"136334",title:"Dr.",name:"Sabine",middleName:null,surname:"Ribéreau",fullName:"Sabine Ribéreau",slug:"sabine-ribereau"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"496",title:"Soybean and Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"66d40dbc031b2825ba95f7ac2bfae1b6",slug:"soybean-and-health",bookSignature:"Hany El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/496.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"19741",title:"Soybean Products Consumption in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases",slug:"soybean-products-consumption-in-the-prevention-of-cardiovascular-diseases",signatures:"Iván Palomo, Luis Guzmán, Elba Leiva, Verónica Mujica, Gilda Carrasco, Nora Morgado and Daniel R. González",authors:[{id:"48244",title:"Prof.",name:"Ivan",middleName:null,surname:"Palomo",fullName:"Ivan Palomo",slug:"ivan-palomo"},{id:"54300",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Guzman",fullName:"Luis Guzman",slug:"luis-guzman"},{id:"54301",title:"MSc",name:"Elba",middleName:null,surname:"Leiva",fullName:"Elba Leiva",slug:"elba-leiva"},{id:"54302",title:"Dr.",name:"Gilda",middleName:null,surname:"Carrasco",fullName:"Gilda Carrasco",slug:"gilda-carrasco"},{id:"54303",title:"Dr.",name:"Nora",middleName:null,surname:"Morgado",fullName:"Nora Morgado",slug:"nora-morgado"},{id:"54305",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",middleName:"R",surname:"Gonzalez",fullName:"Daniel Gonzalez",slug:"daniel-gonzalez"},{id:"54807",title:"Dr.",name:"Veronica",middleName:null,surname:"Mujica",fullName:"Veronica Mujica",slug:"veronica-mujica"}]},{id:"19742",title:"Fermented Soybean Products and Their Bioactive Compounds",slug:"fermented-soybean-products-and-their-bioactive-compounds",signatures:"Hye Jeong Yang, Sunmin Park, Valeriy Pak, Kyung Rhan Chung and Dae Young Kwon",authors:[null]},{id:"19743",title:"Effects of Soya Oil upon the Metabolic Syndrome of ω3-Depleted Rats",slug:"effects-of-soya-oil-upon-the-metabolic-syndrome-of-3-depleted-rats",signatures:"Willy J. Malaisse and Yvon A. Carpentier",authors:[{id:"42640",title:"Prof.",name:"Willy J.",middleName:null,surname:"Malaisse",fullName:"Willy J. Malaisse",slug:"willy-j.-malaisse"}]},{id:"19744",title:"The Effect of Flavonoids in Soybean Products in Lymphocytes from IBD and Colon Cancer Patients After Treatment with Food Mutagens and Hydrogen Peroxide",slug:"the-effect-of-flavonoids-in-soybean-products-in-lymphocytes-from-ibd-and-colon-cancer-patients-after",signatures:"Mojgan Najafzadeh, Malgorzata Kurzawa-Zegota, Adolf Baumgartner, P. Dominic Reynolds, Justin B. Davies and Diana Anderson",authors:[{id:"37742",title:"Prof.",name:"Diana",middleName:null,surname:"Anderson",fullName:"Diana Anderson",slug:"diana-anderson"},{id:"46229",title:"Prof.",name:"Mojgan",middleName:null,surname:"Najafzadeh",fullName:"Mojgan Najafzadeh",slug:"mojgan-najafzadeh"},{id:"46230",title:"Prof.",name:"Malgorzata",middleName:null,surname:"Kurzawa-Zegota",fullName:"Malgorzata Kurzawa-Zegota",slug:"malgorzata-kurzawa-zegota"},{id:"135705",title:"Dr.",name:"Adolf",middleName:null,surname:"Baumgartner",fullName:"Adolf Baumgartner",slug:"adolf-baumgartner"},{id:"135706",title:"Dr.",name:"P. Dominic",middleName:null,surname:"Reynolds",fullName:"P. Dominic Reynolds",slug:"p.-dominic-reynolds"},{id:"135709",title:"Dr.",name:"Justin",middleName:null,surname:"Davies",fullName:"Justin Davies",slug:"justin-davies"}]},{id:"19745",title:"Effects of Dietary Soybean Trypsin Inhibitors on Detection of Resistance to Pyrethroid and Spinosad Insecticides in Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)",slug:"effects-of-dietary-soybean-trypsin-inhibitors-on-detection-of-resistance-to-pyrethroid-and-spinosad-",signatures:"Robin V. Gunning and Graham D. Moores",authors:[{id:"37445",title:"Dr.",name:"Robin",middleName:null,surname:"Gunning",fullName:"Robin Gunning",slug:"robin-gunning"},{id:"45768",title:"Dr.",name:"Graham",middleName:null,surname:"Moores",fullName:"Graham Moores",slug:"graham-moores"}]},{id:"19746",title:"Conjugated Linoleic Acid: A Milk Fatty Acid with Unique Health Benefit Properties",slug:"conjugated-linoleic-acid-a-milk-fatty-acid-with-unique-health-benefit-properties",signatures:"Kathirvelan Chinnadurai and Amrish Tyagi",authors:[{id:"36882",title:"Dr.",name:"Kathirvelan",middleName:null,surname:"Chinnadurai",fullName:"Kathirvelan Chinnadurai",slug:"kathirvelan-chinnadurai"},{id:"135714",title:"Dr.",name:"Amrish",middleName:null,surname:"Tyagi",fullName:"Amrish Tyagi",slug:"amrish-tyagi"}]},{id:"19747",title:"Lunasin, a Cancer Preventive Seed Peptide",slug:"lunasin-a-cancer-preventive-seed-peptide",signatures:"Blanca Hernández-Ledesma, Chia-Chien Hsieh, Vermont Dia, Elvira González de Mejia and Ben O. de Lumen",authors:[{id:"29648",title:"Prof.",name:"Elvira",middleName:null,surname:"Gonzalez De Mejia",fullName:"Elvira Gonzalez De Mejia",slug:"elvira-gonzalez-de-mejia"},{id:"36395",title:"Prof.",name:"Ben O.",middleName:null,surname:"de Lumen",fullName:"Ben O. de Lumen",slug:"ben-o.-de-lumen"},{id:"36572",title:"Dr.",name:"Blanca",middleName:null,surname:"Hernández-Ledesma",fullName:"Blanca Hernández-Ledesma",slug:"blanca-hernandez-ledesma"},{id:"36573",title:"Dr.",name:"Chia-Chien",middleName:null,surname:"Hsieh",fullName:"Chia-Chien Hsieh",slug:"chia-chien-hsieh"},{id:"92660",title:"Mr.",name:"Vermont",middleName:null,surname:"Dia",fullName:"Vermont Dia",slug:"vermont-dia"}]},{id:"19748",title:"Insights into the Pharmacological Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Catecholamine System",slug:"insights-into-the-pharmacological-effects-of-soy-isoflavones-on-catecholamine-system",signatures:"Nobuyuki Yanagihara, Yumiko Toyohira, Minhui Liu, Susumu Ueno, Masato Tsutsui and Han Zhang",authors:[{id:"33364",title:"Prof.",name:"Nobuyuki",middleName:null,surname:"Yanagihara",fullName:"Nobuyuki Yanagihara",slug:"nobuyuki-yanagihara"},{id:"37854",title:"Dr.",name:"Yumiko",middleName:null,surname:"Toyohira",fullName:"Yumiko Toyohira",slug:"yumiko-toyohira"},{id:"37855",title:"Dr.",name:"Susumu",middleName:null,surname:"Ueno",fullName:"Susumu Ueno",slug:"susumu-ueno"},{id:"37856",title:"Ms.",name:"Han",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",fullName:"Han Zhang",slug:"han-zhang"},{id:"37857",title:"Prof.",name:"Masato",middleName:null,surname:"Tsutsui",fullName:"Masato Tsutsui",slug:"masato-tsutsui"},{id:"89081",title:"BSc.",name:"Minhui",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",fullName:"Minhui Liu",slug:"minhui-liu"}]},{id:"19749",title:"Occurrence of Biogenic Amines in Soybean Food Products",slug:"occurrence-of-biogenic-amines-in-soybean-food-products",signatures:"Shruti Shukla, Jong-Kyu Kim and Myunghee Kim",authors:[{id:"33323",title:"Prof.",name:"Myunghee",middleName:null,surname:"Kim",fullName:"Myunghee Kim",slug:"myunghee-kim"},{id:"45053",title:"Dr.",name:"Shruti",middleName:null,surname:"Shukla",fullName:"Shruti Shukla",slug:"shruti-shukla"},{id:"45055",title:"Prof.",name:"Jong-Kyu",middleName:null,surname:"Kim",fullName:"Jong-Kyu Kim",slug:"jong-kyu-kim"}]},{id:"19750",title:"Biologically Active Molecules from Soybeans",slug:"biologically-active-molecules-from-soybeans",signatures:"Michio Kurosu",authors:[{id:"33087",title:"Prof.",name:"Michio",middleName:null,surname:"Kurosu",fullName:"Michio Kurosu",slug:"michio-kurosu"}]},{id:"19751",title:"From Soybean Phytosterols to Steroid Hormones",slug:"from-soybean-phytosterols-to-steroid-hormones",signatures:"Feng-Qing Wang, Kang Yao and Dong-Zhi Wei",authors:[{id:"32646",title:"Dr.",name:"Feng-Qing",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Feng-Qing Wang",slug:"feng-qing-wang"},{id:"32662",title:"MSc.",name:"Kang",middleName:null,surname:"Yao",fullName:"Kang Yao",slug:"kang-yao"},{id:"32663",title:"Prof.",name:"Dong-Zhi",middleName:null,surname:"Wei",fullName:"Dong-Zhi Wei",slug:"dong-zhi-wei"}]},{id:"19752",title:"Genistein Derivatization – From a Dietary Supplement to a Pharmaceutical Agent",slug:"genistein-derivatization-from-a-dietary-supplement-to-a-pharmaceutical-agent",signatures:"Aleksandra Rusin and Zdzisław Krawczyk",authors:[{id:"32402",title:"Dr.",name:"Aleksandra",middleName:null,surname:"Rusin",fullName:"Aleksandra Rusin",slug:"aleksandra-rusin"},{id:"47345",title:"Prof.",name:"Zdzislaw",middleName:"Tadeusz",surname:"Krawczyk",fullName:"Zdzislaw Krawczyk",slug:"zdzislaw-krawczyk"}]},{id:"19753",title:"Soybean Oil: Production Process, Benefits and Uses in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form",slug:"soybean-oil-production-process-benefits-and-uses-in-pharmaceutical-dosage-form",signatures:"H. Yesim Karasulu, Ercüment Karasulu, Mevlüt Büyükhelvacıgil, Mustafa Yıldız, Ahmet Ertugrul, Kadir Büyükhelvacıgil, Zeliha Ustün and Nilay Gazel",authors:[{id:"32324",title:"Dr.",name:"H.Yesim",middleName:null,surname:"Karasulu",fullName:"H.Yesim Karasulu",slug:"h.yesim-karasulu"},{id:"82745",title:"Dr.",name:"Ercument",middleName:null,surname:"Karasulu",fullName:"Ercument Karasulu",slug:"ercument-karasulu"},{id:"83589",title:"Dr.",name:"Mevlut",middleName:null,surname:"Buyukhelvacigil",fullName:"Mevlut Buyukhelvacigil",slug:"mevlut-buyukhelvacigil"},{id:"83590",title:"BSc.",name:"Mustafa",middleName:null,surname:"Yildiz",fullName:"Mustafa Yildiz",slug:"mustafa-yildiz"},{id:"83591",title:"MSc.",name:"Ahmet",middleName:null,surname:"Ertugrul",fullName:"Ahmet Ertugrul",slug:"ahmet-ertugrul"},{id:"83592",title:"MSc.",name:"Kadir",middleName:null,surname:"Buyukhelvacigil",fullName:"Kadir Buyukhelvacigil",slug:"kadir-buyukhelvacigil"},{id:"83593",title:"MSc.",name:"Zeliha",middleName:null,surname:"Ustun",fullName:"Zeliha Ustun",slug:"zeliha-ustun"},{id:"83607",title:"MSc",name:"Nilay",middleName:null,surname:"Gazel",fullName:"Nilay Gazel",slug:"nilay-gazel"}]},{id:"19754",title:"Beneficial Effects of Bioactive Peptides Derived from Soybean on Human Health and Their Production by Genetic Engineering",slug:"beneficial-effects-of-bioactive-peptides-derived-from-soybean-on-human-health-and-their-production-b",signatures:"Chin Feng Liu and Tzu Ming Pan",authors:[{id:"32209",title:"Prof.",name:"Tzu-Ming",middleName:null,surname:"Pan",fullName:"Tzu-Ming Pan",slug:"tzu-ming-pan"},{id:"45625",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Chin-Feng",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",fullName:"Chin-Feng Liu",slug:"chin-feng-liu"}]},{id:"19755",title:"Soy Isoflavones as Bioactive Ingredients of Functional Foods",slug:"soy-isoflavones-as-bioactive-ingredients-of-functional-foods",signatures:"Lutz Mariane",authors:[{id:"30301",title:"Prof.",name:"Mariane",middleName:null,surname:"Lutz",fullName:"Mariane Lutz",slug:"mariane-lutz"}]},{id:"19756",title:"Soybean Oil: How Good or How Bad in Comparison with Other Dietary Oils in the Context of Colon Cancer",slug:"soybean-oil-how-good-or-how-bad-in-comparison-with-other-dietary-oils-in-the-context-of-colon-cancer",signatures:"Tatiana Fiche Salles Teixeira, Ana Paula Boroni Moreira, Damiana Diniz Rosa and Maria do Carmo Gouveia Peluzio",authors:[{id:"30193",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria Do Carmo",middleName:"Gouveia",surname:"Peluzio",fullName:"Maria Do Carmo Peluzio",slug:"maria-do-carmo-peluzio"},{id:"47516",title:"MSc",name:"Damiana",middleName:"Diniz",surname:"Diniz Rosa",fullName:"Damiana Diniz Rosa",slug:"damiana-diniz-rosa"},{id:"47517",title:"MSc",name:"Ana Paula",middleName:null,surname:"Boroni Moreira",fullName:"Ana Paula Boroni Moreira",slug:"ana-paula-boroni-moreira"},{id:"47518",title:"Ms",name:"Tatiana",middleName:null,surname:"Fiche Sales Teixeira",fullName:"Tatiana Fiche Sales Teixeira",slug:"tatiana-fiche-sales-teixeira"}]},{id:"19757",title:"Anti-Diarrhoeal Aspects of Fermented Soya Beans",slug:"anti-diarrhoeal-aspects-of-fermented-soya-beans",signatures:"P.J. Roubos-van den Hil and M.J.R. Nout",authors:[{id:"30073",title:"Dr.",name:"Petra",middleName:null,surname:"Roubos-Van Den Hil",fullName:"Petra Roubos-Van Den Hil",slug:"petra-roubos-van-den-hil"},{id:"46996",title:"Dr.",name:"M.J.",middleName:"Rob",surname:"Nout",fullName:"M.J. Nout",slug:"m.j.-nout"}]},{id:"19758",title:"Antioxidant and Hypocholesterolemic Effects of Soy Foods and Cardiovascular Disease",slug:"antioxidant-and-hypocholesterolemic-effects-of-soy-foods-and-cardiovascular-disease",signatures:"Eugene A. Borodin, Iraida G. Menshikova, Vladimir A. Dorovskikh, Natalya A. Feoktistova, Mikhail A. Shtarberg, Tatyana V. Aksenova, Takashi Yamamoto, Kiyoharu Takamatsu, Hiroyuki Mori and Shigeru Yamamoto",authors:[{id:"29853",title:"Prof.",name:"Eugene",middleName:null,surname:"Borodin",fullName:"Eugene Borodin",slug:"eugene-borodin"},{id:"44009",title:"Prof.",name:"Iraida",middleName:null,surname:"Menshikova",fullName:"Iraida Menshikova",slug:"iraida-menshikova"},{id:"44010",title:"Prof.",name:"Vladimir",middleName:null,surname:"Dorovskikh",fullName:"Vladimir Dorovskikh",slug:"vladimir-dorovskikh"},{id:"44011",title:"Prof.",name:"Natalya",middleName:null,surname:"Feoktistova",fullName:"Natalya Feoktistova",slug:"natalya-feoktistova"},{id:"44012",title:"Prof.",name:"Mikhail",middleName:null,surname:"Shtarberg",fullName:"Mikhail Shtarberg",slug:"mikhail-shtarberg"},{id:"44013",title:"Prof.",name:"Tatyana Aksenova",middleName:null,surname:"Aksenova",fullName:"Tatyana Aksenova Aksenova",slug:"tatyana-aksenova-aksenova"},{id:"44014",title:"Prof.",name:"Takashi",middleName:null,surname:"Yamamoto",fullName:"Takashi Yamamoto",slug:"takashi-yamamoto"},{id:"44015",title:"Prof.",name:"Kiyoharu",middleName:null,surname:"Takamatsu",fullName:"Kiyoharu Takamatsu",slug:"kiyoharu-takamatsu"},{id:"44016",title:"Prof.",name:"Hiroyuki",middleName:null,surname:"Mori",fullName:"Hiroyuki Mori",slug:"hiroyuki-mori"},{id:"44017",title:"Prof.",name:"Shigeru",middleName:null,surname:"Yamamoto",fullName:"Shigeru Yamamoto",slug:"shigeru-yamamoto"}]},{id:"19759",title:"Important Minor Soybens Proteins: Soybean Allergens and Enzymes Inhibitors",slug:"important-minor-soybens-proteins-soybean-allergens-and-enzymes-inhibitors",signatures:"Lenka Vorlova",authors:[{id:"29875",title:"Prof.",name:"Lenka",middleName:"-",surname:"Vorlová",fullName:"Lenka Vorlová",slug:"lenka-vorlova"}]},{id:"19760",title:"Soybean Allergens: Presence, Detection and Methods for Mitigation",slug:"soybean-allergens-presence-detection-and-methods-for-mitigation",signatures:"Weihua Wade Yang, Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia, Huanyu Zheng and Youngsoo Lee",authors:[{id:"29648",title:"Prof.",name:"Elvira",middleName:null,surname:"Gonzalez De Mejia",fullName:"Elvira Gonzalez De Mejia",slug:"elvira-gonzalez-de-mejia"},{id:"29643",title:"Dr.",name:"Weihua Wade",middleName:null,surname:"Yang",fullName:"Weihua Wade Yang",slug:"weihua-wade-yang"},{id:"102733",title:"Dr.",name:"Huanyu",middleName:null,surname:"Zheng",fullName:"Huanyu Zheng",slug:"huanyu-zheng"},{id:"102734",title:"Dr.",name:"Youngsoo",middleName:null,surname:"Lee",fullName:"Youngsoo Lee",slug:"youngsoo-lee"}]},{id:"19761",title:"Nutritional and Bioactive Compounds of Soybean: Benefits on Human Health",slug:"nutritional-and-bioactive-compounds-of-soybean-benefits-on-human-health",signatures:"Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino, Leandro de Morais Cardoso, Sônia Machado Rocha Ribeiro, Maria Inês de Souza Dantas, Newton Deniz Piovesan and Elvira De Mejía",authors:[{id:"28753",title:"Dr.",name:"Hércia Stampini",middleName:null,surname:"Duarte Martino",fullName:"Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino",slug:"hercia-stampini-duarte-martino"},{id:"47475",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria Inês",middleName:null,surname:"Dantas",fullName:"Maria Inês Dantas",slug:"maria-ines-dantas"},{id:"47476",title:"Prof.",name:"Sonia",middleName:null,surname:"Ribeiro",fullName:"Sonia Ribeiro",slug:"sonia-ribeiro"},{id:"47478",title:"MSc.",name:"Glaucia",middleName:null,surname:"Andrade",fullName:"Glaucia Andrade",slug:"glaucia-andrade"}]},{id:"19762",title:"Polyamines - The Principal Candidate Substance of Soybean-Induced Health",slug:"polyamines-the-principal-candidate-substance-of-soybean-induced-health",signatures:"Kuniyasu Soda",authors:[{id:"29223",title:"Prof.",name:"Kuniyasu",middleName:null,surname:"Soda",fullName:"Kuniyasu Soda",slug:"kuniyasu-soda"}]}]}],publishedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"496",title:"Soybean and Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"66d40dbc031b2825ba95f7ac2bfae1b6",slug:"soybean-and-health",bookSignature:"Hany El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/496.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"497",title:"Soybean and Nutrition",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"11aa0c9ed0f6ea8da765be93b50954bb",slug:"soybean-and-nutrition",bookSignature:"Hany El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/497.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1018",title:"Milk Production",subtitle:"An Up-to-Date Overview of Animal Nutrition, Management and Health",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0666bd242c21546d0c83c0290bd114ea",slug:"milk-production-an-up-to-date-overview-of-animal-nutrition-management-and-health",bookSignature:"Narongsak Chaiyabutr",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1018.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"76047",title:"Prof.",name:"Narongsak",surname:"Chaiyabutr",slug:"narongsak-chaiyabutr",fullName:"Narongsak Chaiyabutr"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2066",title:"Milk Production",subtitle:"Advanced Genetic Traits, Cellular Mechanism, Animal Management and Health",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0bce9f57b06503666b182457b414a9de",slug:"milk-production-advanced-genetic-traits-cellular-mechanism-animal-management-and-health",bookSignature:"Narongsak Chaiyabutr",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2066.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"76047",title:"Prof.",name:"Narongsak",surname:"Chaiyabutr",slug:"narongsak-chaiyabutr",fullName:"Narongsak Chaiyabutr"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6538",title:"Current Topics on Superfoods",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"42525eaf5a539bc1e2318f4eb8dfea5a",slug:"current-topics-on-superfoods",bookSignature:"Naofumi Shiomi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6538.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"163777",title:"Dr.",name:"Naofumi",surname:"Shiomi",slug:"naofumi-shiomi",fullName:"Naofumi Shiomi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],publishedBooksByAuthor:[{type:"book",id:"497",title:"Soybean and Nutrition",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"11aa0c9ed0f6ea8da765be93b50954bb",slug:"soybean-and-nutrition",bookSignature:"Hany El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/497.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2066",title:"Milk Production",subtitle:"Advanced Genetic Traits, Cellular Mechanism, Animal Management and Health",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0bce9f57b06503666b182457b414a9de",slug:"milk-production-advanced-genetic-traits-cellular-mechanism-animal-management-and-health",bookSignature:"Narongsak Chaiyabutr",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2066.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"76047",title:"Prof.",name:"Narongsak",surname:"Chaiyabutr",slug:"narongsak-chaiyabutr",fullName:"Narongsak Chaiyabutr"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3244",title:"Soybean",subtitle:"Bio-Active Compounds",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b21aa6107fce439bd06d53fbe0bc3c9e",slug:"soybean-bio-active-compounds",bookSignature:"Hany A. El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3244.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"81122",title:"Sources and Health Benefits of Functional Food Components",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104091",slug:"sources-and-health-benefits-of-functional-food-components",body:'Functional foods are such types of foods that are highly nutritious and have a potential health benefits besides their basic nutritional values. Functional foods contain either supplements or other additional ingredients designed to improve the health of the general population. Foods are being examined and improved which may reduce chronic disease risk and optimize health. Japanese has first developed the concept of functional foods in 1980. At that time, their health care costs were escalating and the Ministry of Health and Welfare initiated to approve some foods which were documented with their health benefits and used for improving the health of the aging population [1].
Functional food components are bioactive compounds used in the manufacture of functional foods. They are potentially beneficial compounds found either naturally in foods or added to them as functional ingredients. The functional food components are carotenoids, isothiocyanates, dietary fiber, phenolic acids, fatty acids, plant stanols and sterols, flavonoids, polyols, soy protein, prebiotics and probiotics, phytoestrogens, vitamins, and minerals. Research-based evidence suggested that there is a relationship between functional food components, health, and well-being [2]. Therefore, functional food components can be used in the treatment and prevention of diseases, as they have health-promoting roles at various stages of disease control. Phytochemicals are plant-derived, non-nutritive, and biologically active functional food components that function in the body to prevent certain non-communicable diseases [3]. About 900 phytochemicals are found in foods and 120 g of foods or vegetables may have around 100 different types of phytochemicals [4]. The earlier concept was that functional food components occur mainly in plant foods, such as whole grain, fruits, and vegetables. However, functional food components are also found in animal products; these are milk, fermented milk products, and cold-water fish. These animal source food components are probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotic, conjugated linolenic acid, long-chain omega-3, -6, and -9 polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc.
Functional foods can be made by different approaches, such as (1) eliminating harmful components from the food (e.g. allergic protein), (2) increasing the concentration of a component in the food by fortification with micronutrients or any other ingredient, (3) eliminating excessive component mainly a macronutrient like fats and producing a beneficial component such as chicory inulin, (4) increasing stability or bioavailability of a component to produce a functional effect or to reduce the disease risk, and (5) adding a new component in the foods which has the beneficial effect, e.g. antioxidant.
In this chapter, functional food ingredients, including their sources and physiological functions, are discussed.
The carotenoids are the most widespread and important fat-soluble pigments in nature and they have varied health functions. Most carotenoids consumed foods are beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, gamma-carotene, lycopene, lutein, beta-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, and astaxanthin.
Carotenoids are available in plants, fruits, flowers, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. The other sources of carotenoids are non-photosynthetic bacteria, yeasts, and molds.
Carotenoids are used as antioxidants in dietary supplements. They are also used as colors in foods and beverages and as pigments in poultry and fish farm, and as food ingredients. Carotenoids have an important role in human health. The main dietary source of vitamin A is beta-carotene. Protective effects of carotenoids have been identified against serious disorders, such as cancer [5], heart disease [6], and degenerative eye disease [7]. The role of carotenoids as antioxidants and as regulators of the immune response system is also recognized.
Dietary fibers are the portion of plant-derived foods. They cannot be fully fragmented by human digestive enzymes. Fibers are non-starch polysaccharides, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, galactooligosaccharides, polyfructose, gums, mucilages, pectins, and lignin. These are soluble or insoluble fibers that pass through the stomach and small intestine undigested, but they are fermented by bacteria in the colon when they reach the large intestine.
Beans, whole grains, brown rice, popcorn, nuts, baked potato with skin, berries, bran cereal, oatmeal, and vegetables are the sources of dietary fibers.
Fibers are fermented and produced short-chain fatty acids in the colon that provide important health benefits. Some fibers are manufactured and added to food products to provide similar health benefits without adding calories called functional fibers. These are cellulose, polydextrose, maltodextrin, and inulin. There are several potential health benefits of the consumption of dietary and functional fibers. Fibers reduce the incidence of constipation [8], irritable bowel syndrome [9], lower cholesterol, and reduce the incidence of coronary and cardiovascular heart diseases [10], prevent obesity [11] and diabetes [12], avoid colon cancer [13], and increase survival in breast cancer [14]. However, there are some adverse effects of excessive intake of dietary fiber, such as intestinal obstruction (in susceptible individuals), dehydration (due to a fluid imbalance), increase in intestinal gas, resulting in distention and flatulence, and reduced absorption of vitamins, minerals, proteins, and calories from the gut [15].
Essential fatty acids (EFAs) cannot be synthesized by the human body but the body requires them for good health and therefore, they must be obtained through diet. Essential fatty acids are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are called “good fats” and they increase the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and decrease the levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Alpha linoleic acid and linolenic acid are the primary essential fatty acids in the human body.
Sources of essential fatty acids are mackerel, salmon, cod liver oil, herring, oysters, soybeans, sardines, flax seeds, anchovies, caviar, walnuts, chia seeds, and canola oils.
Essential fatty acids help in the absorption of important nutrients and expelling of harmful waste products that support the reproductive, cardiovascular, nervous systems, and immune. They are also important for proper growth, neural development, and maturation of sensory systems in children. Other important roles of EFAs are to increase the production of prostaglandins that regulate body functions, such as blood pressure, heart rate, blood clotting, conception, and fertility. EFAs also play an important role in immune function by regulating inflammation and encouraging the body to fight infection [16]. Essential fatty acids are beneficial for those suffering from rheumatoid arthritis [17] and reduce tenderness in joints, swelling, and diminish morning stiffness. It has also been observed that EFAs are important elements for asthma [18], depression [19], bipolar disorder schizophrenia [20], hypertension [21], heart diseases [22], burns [23], photodermatitis, acne or psoriasis [24], cholesterol [25], obesity [26], insulin sensitivity [27], osteoporosis [28], attention deficit disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [29], age-related macular degeneration [30], dry-eye conditions, such as Sjögren’s syndrome [31]. Consumption of sufficient amounts of foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids reduces the risk of colorectal [32], breast cancer [33], and prostate cancer [34].
Isothiocyanates are compounds produced by hydrolysis of glucosinolates that are precursors of cruciferous vegetables. Some isothiocyanates are volatile and evaporated below the boiling point. Isothiocyanates hydrolyze at higher cooking temperatures and their bioavailability is affected by microwaving at high power [35].
Good sources of isothiocyanates are cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, brussels sprouts, watercress, Japanese radish, cabbage, cauliflower, and kale.
Several studies revealed that isothiocyanates and their metabolites decrease the risk of developing different types of cancer, such as stomach, breast, liver, esophagus, lung, small intestine, and colon [36, 37]. Isothiocyanates effect
Flavonoids are pigments synthesized by plants and there are many different subclasses, each comprising many different compounds, such as isoflavones (biochanin A, daidzin, daidzein, formononetin, glycitein, genistein); flavononols (astilbin, genistin, taxifolin, engeletin); anthocyanidins (cyanidin, malvidin, delphinidin, apigenin, peonidin, pelargonidin, petunidin); chalcones (okanin, butein); flavonols (isorhamnetin, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin); flavanols (positive-catechin, negative-epicatechin, positive-gallocatechin, negative-epigallocatechin, negative-epicatechin gallate); flavones (apigenin, luteolin, chrysin, rutin); flavanones (eriodictyol, isosakuranetin, hesperidin, naringin, naringenin, taxifolin) [41].
Sources of flavonoids are fresh capers, elderberry juice, dried parsley, sorrel, red onions, rocket lettuce, fresh cranberries, goji berries, cooked asparagus, blackcurrants, dried oregano, grapefruit, lemons, orange juice, limes, oranges, grapefruit juice, artichokes, green tea, black tea, dried cocoa, dark chocolate, blackberries, cooked broad beans, pecan nuts, red table wine, apples, peaches, dried parsley, aronia, green pepper, bilberries, chickpeas, black currants, American bilberries, red cabbage, red currants, raspberries, and strawberries.
There are several health benefits of flavonoids, including antiallergic, antioxidant activities, antiviral [42], antitoxic, antifungal [43], antibacterial [44] and anti-inflammatory [45]. Recent researches identified the many defensive roles of flavonoids, these are eye diseases [46], heart diseases [47], hemorrhoids [48], diabetes [49], neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s [50], gout [51] and periodontal disease [52]. Flavonoids are also used for the prevention and treatment of different types of cancer, such as prostate [53], ovarian [54], pancreatic, colon, breast [55], leukemia, lung [56], esophageal [57], hepatocellular carcinoma [58], and renal cell carcinoma [59].
Phenolic acids contain a phenolic ring and a carboxyl functional group. Some examples of phenolic acids are protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, sinapinic acid, and syringic acid. Phenolic acids are absorbed through the walls of the intestine and serve beneficial roles, such as antioxidants and protect cellular damage by free-radical oxidation reactions.
Sources of phenolic acids are cereals, oilseeds, legumes, vegetables, fruits, beverages, and herbs. Besides these sources, they are also found in all food groups.
Phenolic acids have several health benefits, such as intake of phenolic acids decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases, certain cancers, type II diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders [60, 61, 62], through multiple putative mechanisms of actions, including antioxidation, glucoregulation, anti-inflammation, antiproliferation, and microbial modulation. Russo et al. [63] found a negative relationship between dietary intake phenolic acids (e.g. ferulic acid and caffeic acid) and prostate cancer and they showed that both phenolic acids are associated with reduced prostate cancer. Also, immunoregulation diseases, asthma, and allergic reactions are protected by caffeic acid which is phenolic acid. Caffeic acid has a positive role against colon cancer [64] and it has inhibitor properties of HIV-1 that act as a potential antiviral therapy [65]. It is also found that a higher intake of phenolic acids is significant lower mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to a lower intake of phenolic acids [66].
Plant stanols and sterols are a group of substances made in the plant. The most important and ample of plant sterol is sitosterol. However, campesterol and stigmasterol are also significant quantitative of sterol. They reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the intestine and help to lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in the blood without affecting high-density lipoprotein (HLD) cholesterol levels.
Sterols and stanols are found in the highest amount in foods, such as fruits, vegetables, seeds, nuts, legumes, cereals, and vegetable oils.
Plant sterols work as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant [67], and antiatherosclerosis. Phytosterols have antifungal activity and protect against ulcers [68]. The intake of plant sterols can prevent different types of cancer, such as the esophagus, prostate [69], lung [70], breast [71], ovary [72], stomach, and endometrial [73]. LDL-cholesterol is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Plant sterols or stanols prevent absorption of LDL cholesterol from the gut, as a result, serum levels of LDL are lower, and assumed that lowering LDL-cholesterol is expected to lower cardiovascular diseases.
Polyol is an organic compound and low-calorie carbohydrate-based sweetener. It is a hydrogenated version of carbohydrates. Its taste and texture are like sugar with half the calories. Polyols are used as sugar-free and low-calorie ingredients in many foods. There are various types of polyols, such as erythritol, isomalt, polyglucitol, lactitol, polyglycitol, mannitol, sorbitol, maltitol, and xylitol.
Polyols are found in some fruits, vegetables, and mushrooms.
Polyols are used in different industries for making foods, such as ice cream, chewing gums, frozen desserts, candies, and baked goods [74]. They are also used for frostings, canned fruits, beverages, yogurt, and tabletop sweeteners. Polyols have some important health benefits and they maintain good oral health [75]. They are also used for weight control and reduction of dietary glycemic load [74]. Polyols may play an important role in the maintenance of human digestive health as these are low digestible carbohydrates [76]. Sometimes overconsumption of polyol-containing foods may have laxative effects [74].
Soy protein is extracted from soybean and hence, it is a complete plant-based protein and it contains adequate amounts of all the essential amino acids. Health benefits of soy protein depend on consumption per day. Per person need to consume 25 g of soy protein or more every day to get results.
Whole soybeans are the source of soy protein and dietary fiber. Some selected soy food products are soya sauce (2 g protein of 18 g soy sauce), cooked and fermented soy (5 g protein of 28 g cooked and fermented soy), soybean curd (6 g protein of 84 g soybean curd), and soy veggie burger (11 g protein of 70 g soy veggie burger).
Soy protein has many potential health benefits. Beneficial effects of soy protein products on women are improvement of diet and cardiovascular status, prevention of certain types of cancer, health improvement following menopause, and obesity prevention [77]. Xiao et al. [78] have shown some chemopreventive activity of soy protein. The potential role of consumption of soy protein is reducing body weight and fat mass which reduces plasma cholesterol and triglycerides [79]. Soy protein may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and coronary heath disease.
Phytoestrogens (PEs) are the compounds found in plans and they are not generated within the endocrine system in the human body and are consumed by eating phytoestrogenic plants. They have roles in the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and minerals in the human body and they act as estrogen hormone in the reproductive cycle in women [80]. There are three types of phytoestrogens, such as lignans (enterolactone or enterodiol), coumestans (coumestrol), and isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, glycitein).
The greater sources of phytoestrogens are soybeans, soy beverages, tofu, tempeh, linseed (flax), wheat, berries, sesame seeds, oats, barley, lentils, dried beans, rice, alfalfa, mung beans, apples, wheat germ, carrots, rice bran, and soy-linseed bread.
There are several health benefits of phytoestrogens. They affect the cardiovascular system [80] and skeleton and reduce the incidence of osteoporosis [81] and menopausal symptoms [82]. Phytoestrogens have cell proliferation inhibiting factors that prevent cancer. They have positive effect on prostate cancer [83], breast cancer [84], thyroid cancer [85], colorectal cancer [86], skin cancer [87] and endometrial cancer [88]. Soy foods containing PEs improve control of blood glucose and insulin levels [89]. There are antibacterial and fungistatic activities in some phytoestrogens which play an antiviral role [90].
There are two types of bacteria in our body, such as good bacteria and bad bacteria. Probiotics are living bacteria that provide health benefits by improvement of the balance of the intestinal microflora [91] when ingested in an adequate amount. Some yeasts also work as probiotics. There are so many types of probiotics, but
Some best probiotic foods are yogurt, traditional buttermilk, pickles, kombucha, kimchi, sauerkraut, cheese, and kefir.
Probiotic is used for the treatment of diarrhea [92],
Prebiotics are non-digestible fibers present in plants and help healthy bacteria to grow in the gut and make the human digestive system work better. Most of the prebiotics are oligosaccharides that stimulate selectively the growth of
Main sources of prebiotics are fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, such as apples, artichokes, asparagus, bananas, barley, berries, chicory, cocoa, dandelion greens, flaxseed, garlic, green vegetables, leeks, konjac root, legumes, oats, tomatoes, onions, soybeans, wheat, and yacon root. Also, some foods are fortified with prebiotics, for example, baby formula, bread, cereal, cookies, and yogurt.
Prebiotics work as anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, and antiosteoporotic activities. Prebiotics are also used for the treatment of constipation, hepatic encephalopathy, and inflammatory bowel disease. There is a beneficial role of prebiotics in diabetes mellitus. Prebiotics also have an important role in improving mineral absorption and balance and enhancing the colonic absorption of some minerals. Prebiotics also ferment foods faster in the intestine and prevent constipation. Prebiotics reduce sepsis and mortality in premature and low-birth-weight infants [104].
Synbiotics are the combined products of both probiotics and prebiotics. The advantage of the combination of beneficial bacteria is the encouragement of beneficial bacterial growth. Synbiotics are produced by combinations of
As symbiotics are the combined products of prebiotics and probiotics, so the sources of symbiotics are the same as probiotics and prebiotics. However, this combination is produced commercially.
Evidence suggested that symbiotics can reduce sepsis, lower respiratory tract infection, and mortality among low-birth-weight infants [105].
Vitamins are organic molecules and essential for the proper functioning of the human body. Vitamins are required in small amounts obtained from a correct diet. There are two types of vitamins such as fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins. Fat-soluble vitamins are A, D, E, and K and they can be stored in the body. On the other hand, water-soluble vitamins are C and B-complex, such as vitamins B6, B12, niacin (B3), riboflavin (B2), biotin (B7), thiamine (B1), pantothenic acid (B5), and folic acid (B9). They cannot be stored in the body because the excess ingested is eliminated through human fluids, such as urine and transpiration, and hence necessary to ingest a daily amount of these vitamins [106].
There are different forms of vitamin A, such as retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and all known as retinoids.
The best sources of vitamin A are beef liver, cod liver oil, spinach, sweet potato, carrots, broccoli, black-eyed peas, mango, sweet red pepper, cantaloupe, dried apricots, pumpkin pie, tomato juice, and herring.
Vitamin A plays an important role in many processes in the body, including immune function, reproduction, healthy vision, proper functioning of the heart, kidneys, lungs, and other organs, skink health and growth development. Vitamin A also helps to prevent lung and breast cancer [107]. Vitamin A can be used for the treatment of leukemia [108], skin disorders, and retinitis pigmentosa [109].
Vitamin B-complex is a product that is composed of B vitamins, such as thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), vitamins B6, biotin (B7), folic acid (B9), and B12.
Adequate amount of vitamins B sources are milk, cheese, eggs, liver and kidney, meat (chicken and red meat), fish (tuna, mackerel, and salmon), shellfish (oysters and clams), and dark green vegetables (spinach and kale).
Vitamin B-complex has several health benefits:
Thiamin/thiamine (B1) is used for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease [110], congestive heart failure [111], and cancer [112].
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is used to prevent cataracts [113] and migraine headaches [114].
Niacin (B3) is used to prevent insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [115]. It has a significant role to treat high cholesterol and cardiovascular disease [116].
Pantothenic acid (B5) can help in wound healing [117] and play an important role to maintain cholesterol levels [118].
Vitamin B6 has a vital role to prevent cardiovascular disease [119], kidney stones, and immune and cognitive functions [120]. It is also used for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome [121]. Vitamin B6 can protect from side effects of oral contraceptives, nausea, and vomiting in pregnancy [122] and reduce depression.
Biotin (B7) is used for the treatment of diabetes [123] and in the prevention of some birth defects [124]. It plays a vital role in the treatment of cholesterol [125], brittle fingernails [126], seborrheic dermatitis [127], and hair loss.
Folic acid (B9) is used to prevent some pregnancy complications, such as fetal neural tube defects [128]. It may be used to prevent certain heart defects and limb malformations [129] and birth defects [130]. Folic acid is used to prevent colorectal and breast cancer [131], heart diseases [132], Alzheimer’s disease, and cognitive impairment [133].
Vitamin B12 plays an important role in the prevention of neural tube defects, cancer [134], cardiovascular disease [135], depression, Alzheimer’s disease, and dementia [136].
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a very effective nutrient and the main sources of vitamin C are citrus fruit (oranges and orange juice), strawberries, peppers, broccoli, blackcurrants, brussels sprouts, and potatoes. It plays an important role against immune system deficiencies, cardiovascular disease [137], prenatal health problems, eye disease, and skin wrinkling. Vitamin C works as an antioxidant and can prevent scurvy, lead toxicity, and cancer [138].
Vitamin D is a combination of calciferol (
Vitamin E has several forms and the human body can use only alpha-tocopherol form. Good sources of vitamin E are plant-based oil (e.g. sunflower, soya, corn, and olive oil), nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables. The potential health benefits are moisturizing skin, wound healing, preventing cancer [139], reducing skin itching and eczema, psoriasis, preventing and minimizing the appearance of scars, uses for treatment of wrinkles, preventing sunburn, promoting nail health and enhance immune response [140]. Vitamin E is also used for the treatment of diabetes and dementia [141].
Vitamin K is a group of compounds and of them, the main are vitamin K1 and vitamin K2. The main sources of vitamin K1 are leafy greens vegetables and other vegetables (brussels sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage). However, sources of vitamin K2 are meats, fish, liver, cheeses, and eggs. Vitamin K plays an important role to prevent osteoporosis [142], vascular calcification [143], and cardiovascular disease. Besides these, it has other health benefit roles, such as bone health, cognitive health, and heart health.
Minerals are inorganic elements present in the soil and water and are important for the body to stay healthy. According to the human body demands, dietary minerals are two types, such as macro-minerals those are required in large amounts (e.g. calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and sulfur), and micro- or trace-minerals those are required very small amounts (e.g. chromium, copper, cobalt, iron, fluorine, manganese, iodine, molybdenum, zinc, and selenium) [144].
Calcium is a nutrient that all living organisms need and it is the most common mineral in the human body.
The main sources of calcium are milk, cheese, yogurt and other dairy products, green leafy vegetables (curly kale and okra), soya drinks with added calcium, and bread made with fortified flowers.
Magnesium is one of the most important macro-nutrients for the human body.
Main sources of magnesium are avocados, legumes, nuts, seeds, tofu, whole grains, some fatty fish, dark chocolate, bananas, and leafy greens.
Magnesium plays an important role in bone health and cardiovascular health, prevents diabetes and migraine headaches [147], premenstrual syndrome, and anxiety.
Potassium is an important and necessary nutrient for the human body.
Potassium-rich foods are bananas, oranges, cantaloupe, honeydew, apricots, grapefruit, dried fruits, such as prunes, raisins and dates, cooked spinach and broccoli, potatoes, sweet potatoes, mushrooms, peas, cucumbers, and seafood. Milk, meat, yogurt, and nuts are also good sources of potassium.
An adequate amount of potassium intake may prevent high blood pressure [148] that may reduce cardiovascular disease and stroke [149]. People who eat potassium-containing fruits and vegetables may have higher bone mineral density and it also helps to preserve muscle mass. High potassium may help kidneys’ ability to reabsorb calcium and reduce kidney stones [150].
Chromium is an essential trace element that the human body needs in very small quantities to properly maintain some health functions.
The good sources of chromium are grape juice, whole wheat flour, brewer’s yeast, orange juice, beef, tomato juice, apples, and green beans.
Some important health benefits of chromium are it may be helpful for type II diabetic patients. It can decrease glucose levels and improve insulin sensitivity. Chromium supplements can be used to build muscle or trigger weight loss. Some side effects including watery stool, vertigo, headaches, and hives are reported for taking chromium supplements.
Copper is required in small quantities but it is an essential nutrient for the body.
Main sources of copper are organ meats (liver and kidneys), oysters, spirulina, shiitake mushrooms, nuts and seeds, lobster, dark leafy greens, whole grains, dried fruits (prunes, cocoa, and black pepper), and dark chocolate.
Copper helps to produce red blood cells, regulates heart rate and blood pressure, the absorption of iron, prevents inflammation of the prostate, in development and maintenance of bone, brain, and heart, and activates the immune system [151].
Iodine is an essential trace element and is required for the human body.
The important sources of iodine are fish (cod and tuna), shrimp, and other seafood. Dairy products (milk, yogurt, and cheese), eggs, prunes, lima beans, and iodized salt.
Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormone that is required for metabolism. The deficiency of thyroid hormone is called hypothyroidism can lead to issues with fatigue, joint pain, and fertility problems. Iodine plays an important role in proper bone and brain development.
Iron deficiency is associated with several health impairments.
Good sources of iron are organ meats, red meat, turkey, shellfish, white beans, pumpkin seeds, quinoa, nuts, dark chocolate, dried fruits, soybean flour, lentils, tofu, sardines, spinach, broccoli, cooked oysters, and fortified breakfast cereals.
Iron is helpful for the treatment of anemia; it may reduce fatigue and improves muscle endurance. It has an important role in strengthening the immunity system. Iron improves cognitive function [152] and reduces bruising.
Selenium is an important macromineral and essential for the human body. Selenium deficiency is common in a certain part of the world as it can be affected by pH.
The sources of selenium are Brazil nuts, fish, ham, enriched foods, pork, beef, turkey, chicken, cottage cheese, eggs, brown rice, sunflower seeds, baked beans, mushrooms, oatmeal, spinach, milk and yogurt, lentils, cashews, and bananas.
Selenium has several health benefits, such as acts as a powerful antioxidant, may reduce the risk of certain cancers-lung [153], prostate [154], liver, colon [155], esophageal, and gastric [156]. It may protect against heart disease and prevents mental decline. Selenium is important for maintaining thyroid health, helping to boost the immune system, and reducing asthma symptoms.
Zinc is a vital and second-most-abundant and essential mineral for the human body.
The best sources of zinc are meat, shellfish, legumes, hemp seeds, nuts, dairy, eggs, whole grains, some vegetables, and dark chocolate.
Zinc is important for various functions in the body, such as helps to increase the immune system, uses in treating diarrhea, wound healing, works as an antioxidant and reduces chronic diseases, prevents age-related macular degeneration [157], improves sexual health, prevents osteoporosis, reduces neurological symptoms, protects from the common cold, boosts cognitive function, and increase learning and memory.
Functional food components are important compounds available in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and some animal products. They are also manufactured commercially. They have several health benefits for the human body. Many functional food components are antioxidants rich and help to neutralize free radicals, prevent cell damage, and reduce non-communicable diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, heart diseases and maintain health properly. To optimize health benefits and bioavailability of functional food components in the human body are critical factors. To maintain the levels required in the human body need an adequate amount of these components. Recent information in this regard is not sufficient. Therefore, need to provide more information to consumers to guide them effectively so that they can choose diets that contain adequate levels of health-promoting functional food components.
The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.
None.
"Open access contributes to scientific excellence and integrity. It opens up research results to wider analysis. It allows research results to be reused for new discoveries. And it enables the multi-disciplinary research that is needed to solve global 21st century problems. Open access connects science with society. It allows the public to engage with research. To go behind the headlines. And look at the scientific evidence. And it enables policy makers to draw on innovative solutions to societal challenges".
\n\nCarlos Moedas, the European Commissioner for Research Science and Innovation at the STM Annual Frankfurt Conference, October 2016.
",metaTitle:"About Open Access",metaDescription:"Open access contributes to scientific excellence and integrity. It opens up research results to wider analysis. It allows research results to be reused for new discoveries. And it enables the multi-disciplinary research that is needed to solve global 21st century problems. Open access connects science with society. It allows the public to engage with research. To go behind the headlines. And look at the scientific evidence. And it enables policy makers to draw on innovative solutions to societal challenges.\n\nCarlos Moedas, the European Commissioner for Research Science and Innovation at the STM Annual Frankfurt Conference, October 2016.",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"about-open-access",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"The Open Access publishing movement started in the early 2000s when academic leaders from around the world participated in the formation of the Budapest Initiative. They developed recommendations for an Open Access publishing process, “which has worked for the past decade to provide the public with unrestricted, free access to scholarly research—much of which is publicly funded. Making the research publicly available to everyone—free of charge and without most copyright and licensing restrictions—will accelerate scientific research efforts and allow authors to reach a larger number of readers” (reference: http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org)
\\n\\nIntechOpen’s co-founders, both scientists themselves, created the company while undertaking research in robotics at Vienna University. Their goal was to spread research freely “for scientists, by scientists’ to the rest of the world via the Open Access publishing model. The company soon became a signatory of the Budapest Initiative, which currently has more than 1000 supporting organizations worldwide, ranging from universities to funders.
\\n\\nAt IntechOpen today, we are still as committed to working with organizations and people who care about scientific discovery, to putting the academic needs of the scientific community first, and to providing an Open Access environment where scientists can maximize their contribution to scientific advancement. By opening up access to the world’s scientific research articles and book chapters, we aim to facilitate greater opportunity for collaboration, scientific discovery and progress. We subscribe wholeheartedly to the Open Access definition:
\\n\\n“By “open access” to [peer-reviewed research literature], we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited” (reference: http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org)
\\n\\nOAI-PMH
\\n\\nAs a firm believer in the wider dissemination of knowledge, IntechOpen supports the Open Access Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH Version 2.0). Read more
\\n\\nLicense
\\n\\nBook chapters published in edited volumes are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC BY 3.0). IntechOpen upholds a very flexible Copyright Policy. There is no copyright transfer to the publisher and Authors retain exclusive copyright to their work. All Monographs/Compacts are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). Read more
\\n\\nPeer Review Policies
\\n\\nAll scientific works are Peer Reviewed prior to publishing. Read more
\\n\\nOA Publishing Fees
\\n\\nThe Open Access publishing model employed by IntechOpen eliminates subscription charges and pay-per-view fees, enabling readers to access research at no cost. In order to sustain operations and keep our publications freely accessible we levy an Open Access Publishing Fee for manuscripts, which helps us cover the costs of editorial work and the production of books. Read more
\\n\\nDigital Archiving Policy
\\n\\nIntechOpen is committed to ensuring the long-term preservation and the availability of all scholarly research we publish. We employ a variety of means to enable us to deliver on our commitments to the scientific community. Apart from preservation by the Croatian National Library (for publications prior to April 18, 2018) and the British Library (for publications after April 18, 2018), our entire catalogue is preserved in the CLOCKSS archive.
\\n\\nOpen Science is transparent and accessible knowledge that is shared and developed through collaborative networks.
\\n\\nOpen Science is about increased rigour, accountability, and reproducibility for research. It is based on the principles of inclusion, fairness, equity, and sharing, and ultimately seeks to change the way research is done, who is involved and how it is valued. It aims to make research more open to participation, review/refutation, improvement and (re)use for the world to benefit.
\\n\\nOpen Science refers to doing traditional science with more transparency involved at various stages, for example by openly sharing code and data. It implies a growing set of practices - within different disciplines - aiming at:
\\n\\nWe aim at improving the quality and availability of scholarly communication by promoting and practicing:
\\n\\n\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'
The Open Access publishing movement started in the early 2000s when academic leaders from around the world participated in the formation of the Budapest Initiative. They developed recommendations for an Open Access publishing process, “which has worked for the past decade to provide the public with unrestricted, free access to scholarly research—much of which is publicly funded. Making the research publicly available to everyone—free of charge and without most copyright and licensing restrictions—will accelerate scientific research efforts and allow authors to reach a larger number of readers” (reference: http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org)
\n\nIntechOpen’s co-founders, both scientists themselves, created the company while undertaking research in robotics at Vienna University. Their goal was to spread research freely “for scientists, by scientists’ to the rest of the world via the Open Access publishing model. The company soon became a signatory of the Budapest Initiative, which currently has more than 1000 supporting organizations worldwide, ranging from universities to funders.
\n\nAt IntechOpen today, we are still as committed to working with organizations and people who care about scientific discovery, to putting the academic needs of the scientific community first, and to providing an Open Access environment where scientists can maximize their contribution to scientific advancement. By opening up access to the world’s scientific research articles and book chapters, we aim to facilitate greater opportunity for collaboration, scientific discovery and progress. We subscribe wholeheartedly to the Open Access definition:
\n\n“By “open access” to [peer-reviewed research literature], we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited” (reference: http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org)
\n\nOAI-PMH
\n\nAs a firm believer in the wider dissemination of knowledge, IntechOpen supports the Open Access Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH Version 2.0). Read more
\n\nLicense
\n\nBook chapters published in edited volumes are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC BY 3.0). IntechOpen upholds a very flexible Copyright Policy. There is no copyright transfer to the publisher and Authors retain exclusive copyright to their work. All Monographs/Compacts are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). Read more
\n\nPeer Review Policies
\n\nAll scientific works are Peer Reviewed prior to publishing. Read more
\n\nOA Publishing Fees
\n\nThe Open Access publishing model employed by IntechOpen eliminates subscription charges and pay-per-view fees, enabling readers to access research at no cost. In order to sustain operations and keep our publications freely accessible we levy an Open Access Publishing Fee for manuscripts, which helps us cover the costs of editorial work and the production of books. Read more
\n\nDigital Archiving Policy
\n\nIntechOpen is committed to ensuring the long-term preservation and the availability of all scholarly research we publish. We employ a variety of means to enable us to deliver on our commitments to the scientific community. Apart from preservation by the Croatian National Library (for publications prior to April 18, 2018) and the British Library (for publications after April 18, 2018), our entire catalogue is preserved in the CLOCKSS archive.
\n\nOpen Science is transparent and accessible knowledge that is shared and developed through collaborative networks.
\n\nOpen Science is about increased rigour, accountability, and reproducibility for research. It is based on the principles of inclusion, fairness, equity, and sharing, and ultimately seeks to change the way research is done, who is involved and how it is valued. It aims to make research more open to participation, review/refutation, improvement and (re)use for the world to benefit.
\n\nOpen Science refers to doing traditional science with more transparency involved at various stages, for example by openly sharing code and data. It implies a growing set of practices - within different disciplines - aiming at:
\n\nWe aim at improving the quality and availability of scholarly communication by promoting and practicing:
\n\n\n'}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{},profiles:[{id:"396",title:"Dr.",name:"Vedran",middleName:null,surname:"Kordic",slug:"vedran-kordic",fullName:"Vedran Kordic",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/396/images/7281_n.png",biography:"After obtaining his Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering he continued his education at the Vienna University of Technology where he obtained his PhD degree in 2004. He worked as a researcher at the Automation and Control Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology until 2008. His studies in robotics lead him not only to a PhD degree but also inspired him to co-found and build the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems - world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"441",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Jaekyu",middleName:null,surname:"Park",slug:"jaekyu-park",fullName:"Jaekyu Park",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/441/images/1881_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"LG Corporation (South Korea)",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"465",title:"Dr",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Martens",slug:"christian-martens",fullName:"Christian Martens",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"479",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",middleName:null,surname:"Colla",slug:"valentina-colla",fullName:"Valentina Colla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/479/images/358_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies",country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"494",title:"PhD",name:"Loris",middleName:null,surname:"Nanni",slug:"loris-nanni",fullName:"Loris Nanni",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/494/images/system/494.jpg",biography:"Loris Nanni received his Master Degree cum laude on June-2002 from the University of Bologna, and the April 26th 2006 he received his Ph.D. in Computer Engineering at DEIS, University of Bologna. On September, 29th 2006 he has won a post PhD fellowship from the university of Bologna (from October 2006 to October 2008), at the competitive examination he was ranked first in the industrial engineering area. He extensively served as referee for several international journals. He is author/coauthor of more than 100 research papers. He has been involved in some projects supported by MURST and European Community. His research interests include pattern recognition, bioinformatics, and biometric systems (fingerprint classification and recognition, signature verification, face recognition).",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"496",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Leon",slug:"carlos-leon",fullName:"Carlos Leon",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Seville",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"512",title:"Dr.",name:"Dayang",middleName:null,surname:"Jawawi",slug:"dayang-jawawi",fullName:"Dayang Jawawi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Technology Malaysia",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"528",title:"Dr.",name:"Kresimir",middleName:null,surname:"Delac",slug:"kresimir-delac",fullName:"Kresimir Delac",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/528/images/system/528.jpg",biography:"K. Delac received his B.Sc.E.E. degree in 2003 and is currentlypursuing a Ph.D. degree at the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering andComputing. His current research interests are digital image analysis, pattern recognition andbiometrics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Zagreb",country:{name:"Croatia"}}},{id:"557",title:"Dr.",name:"Andon",middleName:"Venelinov",surname:"Topalov",slug:"andon-topalov",fullName:"Andon Topalov",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/557/images/1927_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Andon V. Topalov received the MSc degree in Control Engineering from the Faculty of Information Systems, Technologies, and Automation at Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGGU) in 1979. He then received his PhD degree in Control Engineering from the Department of Automation and Remote Control at Moscow State Mining University (MGSU), Moscow, in 1984. From 1985 to 1986, he was a Research Fellow in the Research Institute for Electronic Equipment, ZZU AD, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. In 1986, he joined the Department of Control Systems, Technical University of Sofia at the Plovdiv campus, where he is presently a Full Professor. He has held long-term visiting Professor/Scholar positions at various institutions in South Korea, Turkey, Mexico, Greece, Belgium, UK, and Germany. And he has coauthored one book and authored or coauthored more than 80 research papers in conference proceedings and journals. His current research interests are in the fields of intelligent control and robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Technical University of Sofia",country:{name:"Bulgaria"}}},{id:"585",title:"Prof.",name:"Munir",middleName:null,surname:"Merdan",slug:"munir-merdan",fullName:"Munir Merdan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/585/images/system/585.jpg",biography:"Munir Merdan received the M.Sc. degree in mechanical engineering from the Technical University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, in 2009.Since 2005, he has been at the Automation and Control Institute, Vienna University of Technology, where he is currently a Senior Researcher. His research interests include the application of agent technology for achieving agile control in the manufacturing environment.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"605",title:"Prof",name:"Dil",middleName:null,surname:"Hussain",slug:"dil-hussain",fullName:"Dil Hussain",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/605/images/system/605.jpg",biography:"Dr. Dil Muhammad Akbar Hussain is a professor of Electronics Engineering & Computer Science at the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University Denmark. Professor Akbar has a Master degree in Digital Electronics from Govt. College University, Lahore Pakistan and a P-hD degree in Control Engineering from the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Sussex United Kingdom. Aalborg University has Two Satellite Campuses, one in Copenhagen (Aalborg University Copenhagen) and the other in Esbjerg (Aalborg University Esbjerg).\n· He is a member of prestigious IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and IAENG (International Association of Engineers) organizations. \n· He is the chief Editor of the Journal of Software Engineering.\n· He is the member of the Editorial Board of International Journal of Computer Science and Software Technology (IJCSST) and International Journal of Computer Engineering and Information Technology. \n· He is also the Editor of Communication in Computer and Information Science CCIS-20 by Springer.\n· Reviewer For Many Conferences\nHe is the lead person in making collaboration agreements between Aalborg University and many universities of Pakistan, for which the MOU’s (Memorandum of Understanding) have been signed.\nProfessor Akbar is working in Academia since 1990, he started his career as a Lab demonstrator/TA at the University of Sussex. After finishing his P. hD degree in 1992, he served in the Industry as a Scientific Officer and continued his academic career as a visiting scholar for a number of educational institutions. In 1996 he joined National University of Science & Technology Pakistan (NUST) as an Associate Professor; NUST is one of the top few universities in Pakistan. In 1999 he joined an International Company Lineo Inc, Canada as Manager Compiler Group, where he headed the group for developing Compiler Tool Chain and Porting of Operating Systems for the BLACKfin processor. The processor development was a joint venture by Intel and Analog Devices. In 2002 Lineo Inc., was taken over by another company, so he joined Aalborg University Denmark as an Assistant Professor.\nProfessor Akbar has truly a multi-disciplined career and he continued his legacy and making progress in many areas of his interests both in teaching and research. He has contributed in stochastic estimation of control area especially, in the Multiple Target Tracking and Interactive Multiple Model (IMM) research, Ball & Beam Control Problem, Robotics, Levitation Control. He has contributed in developing Algorithms for Fingerprint Matching, Computer Vision and Face Recognition. He has been supervising Pattern Recognition, Formal Languages and Distributed Processing projects for several years. He has reviewed many books on Management, Computer Science. Currently, he is an active and permanent reviewer for many international conferences and symposia and the program committee member for many international conferences.\nIn teaching he has taught the core computer science subjects like, Digital Design, Real Time Embedded System Programming, Operating Systems, Software Engineering, Data Structures, Databases, Compiler Construction. In the Engineering side, Digital Signal Processing, Computer Architecture, Electronics Devices, Digital Filtering and Engineering Management.\nApart from his Academic Interest and activities he loves sport especially, Cricket, Football, Snooker and Squash. He plays cricket for Esbjerg city in the second division team as an opener wicket keeper batsman. He is a very good player of squash but has not played squash since his arrival in Denmark.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"611",title:"Prof.",name:"T",middleName:null,surname:"Nagarajan",slug:"t-nagarajan",fullName:"T Nagarajan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Teknologi Petronas",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:6581},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:5888},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:2381},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:12507},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:1006},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:17528}],offset:12,limit:12,total:132501},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{hasNoEditors:"0",sort:"dateEndThirdStepPublish",topicId:"16,19,25 FILLER ads"},books:[{type:"book",id:"11592",title:"COVID-19 Pandemic, Mental Health and Neuroscience - New Scenarios for Understanding and Treatment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"fa5536e967d8b33da78e7e5369abaf75",slug:null,bookSignature:"Ph.D. Sara Palermo and Prof. Berend Olivier",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11592.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"233998",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sara",surname:"Palermo",slug:"sara-palermo",fullName:"Sara Palermo"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11565",title:"Dental Caries - The Selection of Restoration Methods and Restorative Materials",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"e642ce6df40b676fae9ab16d5c414af1",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Laura Cristina Rusu and Dr. Lavinia Ardelean",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11565.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"174262",title:"Prof.",name:"Laura",surname:"Rusu",slug:"laura-rusu",fullName:"Laura Rusu"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11814",title:"Liposomes - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"62d8542d18b8cddcf507f7948b2ae74b",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Rajeev K. Tyagi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11814.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"269120",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajeev",surname:"Tyagi",slug:"rajeev-tyagi",fullName:"Rajeev Tyagi"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11878",title:"Advances in the Auditory and Vestibular Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"a664ad52eded5aa2ca06403e76bab30a",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Stavros Hatzopoulos and Dr. Andrea Ciorba",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11878.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"174266",title:"Prof.",name:"Stavros",surname:"Hatzopoulos",slug:"stavros-hatzopoulos",fullName:"Stavros Hatzopoulos"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11580",title:"Recent Advances in Canine Medicine",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"1806716f60b9be14fc05682c4a912b41",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11580.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"258334",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos Eduardo",surname:"Fonseca-Alves",slug:"carlos-eduardo-fonseca-alves",fullName:"Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11873",title:"Arthroplasty - Advanced Techniques and Future Perspectives",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"ced605018c59717c3e55f59474339ca9",slug:null,bookSignature:"M.D. Alessandro Rozim Zorzi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11873.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"80871",title:"M.D.",name:"Alessandro Rozim",surname:"Zorzi",slug:"alessandro-rozim-zorzi",fullName:"Alessandro Rozim Zorzi"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11586",title:"Schizophrenia - Recent Advances and Patient-Centered Treatment Perspectives",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"2ba14221aca01660b2547004d9b5c2d9",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Jane Yip",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11586.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"156214",title:"Dr.",name:"Jane",surname:"Yip",slug:"jane-yip",fullName:"Jane Yip"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11600",title:"Recent Update on Multiple Myeloma\ufeff",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"c8e2b12df4fc2d313aced448fe08a63e",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Khalid Ahmed Al-Anazi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11600.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"37255",title:"Dr.",name:"Khalid",surname:"Al-Anazi",slug:"khalid-al-anazi",fullName:"Khalid Al-Anazi"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11691",title:"Orthognathic Surgery and Dentofacial Deformities",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"413b0d1441beac767fe0fbf7c0e98622",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. H. Brian Sun",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11691.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"184302",title:"Dr.",name:"H. Brian",surname:"Sun",slug:"h.-brian-sun",fullName:"H. Brian Sun"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11597",title:"Glioblastoma - Current Evidences",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"da69711754eb5ed95bdea15fcfab0b2a",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Amit Agrawal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11597.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"100142",title:"Prof.",name:"Amit",surname:"Agrawal",slug:"amit-agrawal",fullName:"Amit Agrawal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11655",title:"Atrial Fibrillation - Diagnosis and Management in the 21st Century",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"a0ecc730df6b37a0e1cb00968a5be34d",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Ozgur Karcioglu and Associate Prof. Funda Karbek Akarca",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11655.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"221195",title:"Prof.",name:"Ozgur",surname:"Karcioglu",slug:"ozgur-karcioglu",fullName:"Ozgur Karcioglu"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11595",title:"Recent Understanding of Colorectal Cancer Treatment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"1c5db5892553734d258782d03d4384bb",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Keun-Yeong Jeong",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11595.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"258919",title:"Dr.",name:"Keun-Yeong",surname:"Jeong",slug:"keun-yeong-jeong",fullName:"Keun-Yeong Jeong"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:41},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:10},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:21},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:20},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:15},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:59},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:27},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:122},{group:"topic",caption:"Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials",value:17,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:10},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:4}],offset:12,limit:12,total:132},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10584",title:"Engineered Wood Products for Construction",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"421757c56a3735986055250821275a51",slug:"engineered-wood-products-for-construction",bookSignature:"Meng Gong",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10584.jpg",editors:[{id:"274242",title:"Dr.",name:"Meng",middleName:null,surname:"Gong",slug:"meng-gong",fullName:"Meng Gong"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10222",title:"Demyelination Disorders",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b6c26ceccacdde70c41c587361bd5558",slug:"demyelination-disorders",bookSignature:"Stavros J. Baloyannis, Fabian H. Rossi and Welwin Liu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10222.jpg",editors:[{id:"156098",title:"Emeritus Prof.",name:"Stavros J.",middleName:"J.",surname:"Baloyannis",slug:"stavros-j.-baloyannis",fullName:"Stavros J. Baloyannis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9544",title:"Global Trade in the Emerging Business Environment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fb8cb09b9599246add78d508a98273d5",slug:"global-trade-in-the-emerging-business-environment",bookSignature:"Muhammad Mohiuddin, Jingbin Wang , Md. Samim Al Azad and Selim Ahmed",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9544.jpg",editors:[{id:"418514",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Mohiuddin",slug:"muhammad-mohiuddin",fullName:"Muhammad Mohiuddin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10979",title:"Parenting",subtitle:"Challenges of Child Rearing in a Changing Society",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6f345ebcf4fd61e73643c69063a12c7b",slug:"parenting-challenges-of-child-rearing-in-a-changing-society",bookSignature:"Sayyed Ali Samadi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10979.jpg",editors:[{id:"52145",title:"Dr.",name:"Sayyed Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Samadi",slug:"sayyed-ali-samadi",fullName:"Sayyed Ali Samadi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9808",title:"Contemporary Topics in Patient Safety",subtitle:"Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fb6371607c2c6c02c6a2af8892765aba",slug:"contemporary-topics-in-patient-safety-volume-1",bookSignature:"Stanislaw P. Stawicki and Michael S. Firstenberg",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9808.jpg",editors:[{id:"181694",title:"Dr.",name:"Stanislaw P.",middleName:null,surname:"Stawicki",slug:"stanislaw-p.-stawicki",fullName:"Stanislaw P. Stawicki"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10681",title:"Biodegradation Technology of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9a6e10e02788092872fd249436898e97",slug:"biodegradation-technology-of-organic-and-inorganic-pollutants",bookSignature:"Kassio Ferreira Mendes, Rodrigo Nogueira de Sousa and Kamila Cabral Mielke",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10681.jpg",editors:[{id:"197720",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Kassio",middleName:null,surname:"Ferreira Mendes",slug:"kassio-ferreira-mendes",fullName:"Kassio Ferreira Mendes"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10764",title:"Antenna Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2fbf1c7a5d92723f08198fc9b526a8ad",slug:"antenna-systems",bookSignature:"Hussain Al-Rizzo and Said Abushamleh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10764.jpg",editors:[{id:"153384",title:"Prof.",name:"Hussain",middleName:null,surname:"Al-Rizzo",slug:"hussain-al-rizzo",fullName:"Hussain Al-Rizzo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10668",title:"Sustainability of Concrete With Synthetic and Recycled Aggregates",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"55856c6a8bc3a5b21dae5a1af09a56b6",slug:"sustainability-of-concrete-with-synthetic-and-recycled-aggregates",bookSignature:"Hosam M. Saleh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10668.jpg",editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam",middleName:null,surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-saleh",fullName:"Hosam Saleh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10803",title:"Reactive Oxygen Species",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"176adcf090fdd1f93cb8ce3146e79ca1",slug:"reactive-oxygen-species",bookSignature:"Rizwan Ahmad",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10803.jpg",editors:[{id:"40482",title:null,name:"Rizwan",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"rizwan-ahmad",fullName:"Rizwan Ahmad"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9032",title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f609bf3251d7cc7bae0099a4374adfc3",slug:"corporate-social-responsibility",bookSignature:"Beatrice Orlando",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9032.jpg",editors:[{id:"232969",title:"Prof.",name:"Beatrice",middleName:null,surname:"Orlando",slug:"beatrice-orlando",fullName:"Beatrice Orlando"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10351",title:"Enhanced Liposuction",subtitle:"New Perspectives and Techniques",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f08ed6de16da357614586c5b58ed4dfa",slug:"enhanced-liposuction-new-perspectives-and-techniques",bookSignature:"Diane Irvine Duncan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10351.jpg",editors:[{id:"279869",title:"Dr.",name:"Diane Irvine",middleName:null,surname:"Duncan",slug:"diane-irvine-duncan",fullName:"Diane Irvine Duncan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10779",title:"21st Century Nanostructured Materials",subtitle:"Physics, Chemistry, Classification, and Emerging Applications in Industry, Biomedicine, and Agriculture",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"72c67f97f9bef68200df115b5fd79884",slug:"21st-century-nanostructured-materials-physics-chemistry-classification-and-emerging-applications-in-industry-biomedicine-and-agriculture",bookSignature:"Phuong V. Pham",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10779.jpg",editors:[{id:"236073",title:"Dr.",name:"Phuong",middleName:"Viet",surname:"Pham",slug:"phuong-pham",fullName:"Phuong Pham"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:4386},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10584",title:"Engineered Wood Products for Construction",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"421757c56a3735986055250821275a51",slug:"engineered-wood-products-for-construction",bookSignature:"Meng Gong",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10584.jpg",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3665,editors:[{id:"274242",title:"Dr.",name:"Meng",middleName:null,surname:"Gong",slug:"meng-gong",fullName:"Meng Gong"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10222",title:"Demyelination Disorders",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b6c26ceccacdde70c41c587361bd5558",slug:"demyelination-disorders",bookSignature:"Stavros J. Baloyannis, Fabian H. Rossi and Welwin Liu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10222.jpg",publishedDate:"May 4th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1713,editors:[{id:"156098",title:"Emeritus Prof.",name:"Stavros J.",middleName:"J.",surname:"Baloyannis",slug:"stavros-j.-baloyannis",fullName:"Stavros J. Baloyannis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9544",title:"Global Trade in the Emerging Business Environment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fb8cb09b9599246add78d508a98273d5",slug:"global-trade-in-the-emerging-business-environment",bookSignature:"Muhammad Mohiuddin, Jingbin Wang , Md. Samim Al Azad and Selim Ahmed",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9544.jpg",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2481,editors:[{id:"418514",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Mohiuddin",slug:"muhammad-mohiuddin",fullName:"Muhammad Mohiuddin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10979",title:"Parenting",subtitle:"Challenges of Child Rearing in a Changing Society",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6f345ebcf4fd61e73643c69063a12c7b",slug:"parenting-challenges-of-child-rearing-in-a-changing-society",bookSignature:"Sayyed Ali Samadi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10979.jpg",publishedDate:"May 4th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1107,editors:[{id:"52145",title:"Dr.",name:"Sayyed Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Samadi",slug:"sayyed-ali-samadi",fullName:"Sayyed Ali Samadi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9808",title:"Contemporary Topics in Patient Safety",subtitle:"Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fb6371607c2c6c02c6a2af8892765aba",slug:"contemporary-topics-in-patient-safety-volume-1",bookSignature:"Stanislaw P. Stawicki and Michael S. Firstenberg",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9808.jpg",publishedDate:"April 20th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3307,editors:[{id:"181694",title:"Dr.",name:"Stanislaw P.",middleName:null,surname:"Stawicki",slug:"stanislaw-p.-stawicki",fullName:"Stanislaw P. Stawicki"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10681",title:"Biodegradation Technology of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9a6e10e02788092872fd249436898e97",slug:"biodegradation-technology-of-organic-and-inorganic-pollutants",bookSignature:"Kassio Ferreira Mendes, Rodrigo Nogueira de Sousa and Kamila Cabral Mielke",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10681.jpg",publishedDate:"April 20th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3266,editors:[{id:"197720",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Kassio",middleName:null,surname:"Ferreira Mendes",slug:"kassio-ferreira-mendes",fullName:"Kassio Ferreira Mendes"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10764",title:"Antenna Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2fbf1c7a5d92723f08198fc9b526a8ad",slug:"antenna-systems",bookSignature:"Hussain Al-Rizzo and Said Abushamleh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10764.jpg",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1868,editors:[{id:"153384",title:"Prof.",name:"Hussain",middleName:null,surname:"Al-Rizzo",slug:"hussain-al-rizzo",fullName:"Hussain Al-Rizzo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10668",title:"Sustainability of Concrete With Synthetic and Recycled Aggregates",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"55856c6a8bc3a5b21dae5a1af09a56b6",slug:"sustainability-of-concrete-with-synthetic-and-recycled-aggregates",bookSignature:"Hosam M. Saleh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10668.jpg",publishedDate:"May 4th 2022",numberOfDownloads:856,editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam",middleName:null,surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-saleh",fullName:"Hosam Saleh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10803",title:"Reactive Oxygen Species",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"176adcf090fdd1f93cb8ce3146e79ca1",slug:"reactive-oxygen-species",bookSignature:"Rizwan Ahmad",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10803.jpg",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1704,editors:[{id:"40482",title:null,name:"Rizwan",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"rizwan-ahmad",fullName:"Rizwan Ahmad"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9032",title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f609bf3251d7cc7bae0099a4374adfc3",slug:"corporate-social-responsibility",bookSignature:"Beatrice Orlando",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9032.jpg",publishedDate:"March 16th 2022",numberOfDownloads:7489,editors:[{id:"232969",title:"Prof.",name:"Beatrice",middleName:null,surname:"Orlando",slug:"beatrice-orlando",fullName:"Beatrice Orlando"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8737",title:"Rabies Virus at the Beginning of 21st Century",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"49cce3f548da548c718c865feb343509",slug:"rabies-virus-at-the-beginning-of-21st-century",bookSignature:"Sergey Tkachev",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8737.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"61139",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergey",middleName:null,surname:"Tkachev",slug:"sergey-tkachev",fullName:"Sergey Tkachev"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10861",title:"Furan Derivatives",subtitle:"Recent Advances and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fdfc39cecd82f91b0effac994f75c877",slug:"furan-derivatives-recent-advances-and-applications",bookSignature:"Anish Khan, Mohammed Muzibur Rahman, M. Ramesh, Salman Ahmad Khan and Abdullah Mohammed Ahmed Asiri",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10861.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"293058",title:"Dr.",name:"Anish",middleName:null,surname:"Khan",slug:"anish-khan",fullName:"Anish Khan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10356",title:"Natural Medicinal Plants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"943e56ccaaf19ff696d25aa638ae37d6",slug:"natural-medicinal-plants",bookSignature:"Hany A. El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10356.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",middleName:null,surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10870",title:"Ultrasound Imaging",subtitle:"Current Topics",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2f0bc3733ab226d67fa73759ef0e12ad",slug:"ultrasound-imaging-current-topics",bookSignature:"Felix Okechukwu Erondu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10870.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"68312",title:"Prof.",name:"Felix",middleName:null,surname:"Okechukwu Erondu",slug:"felix-okechukwu-erondu",fullName:"Felix Okechukwu Erondu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11392",title:"Leadership in a Changing World",subtitle:"A Multidimensional Perspective",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"86a6d33cf601587e591064ce92effc02",slug:"leadership-in-a-changing-world-a-multidimensional-perspective",bookSignature:"Muhammad Mohiuddin, Bilal Khalid, Md. Samim Al Azad and Slimane Ed-dafali",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11392.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"418514",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Mohiuddin",slug:"muhammad-mohiuddin",fullName:"Muhammad Mohiuddin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10400",title:"The Application of Ant Colony Optimization",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f4fdfd07ee1ab99fb7c740d6d0c144c6",slug:"the-application-of-ant-colony-optimization",bookSignature:"Ali Soofastaei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10400.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"257455",title:"Dr.",name:"Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Soofastaei",slug:"ali-soofastaei",fullName:"Ali Soofastaei"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10915",title:"Leadership",subtitle:"New Insights",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0d72e79892f2a020cee66a52d09de5a4",slug:"leadership-new-insights",bookSignature:"Mário Franco",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10915.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"105529",title:"Dr.",name:"Mário",middleName:null,surname:"Franco",slug:"mario-franco",fullName:"Mário Franco"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10683",title:"Technological Innovations and Advances in Hydropower Engineering",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7ce7ad8768bd2cad155470fe1fd883f4",slug:"technological-innovations-and-advances-in-hydropower-engineering",bookSignature:"Yizi Shang, Ling Shang and Xiaofei Li",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10683.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"349630",title:"Dr.",name:"Yizi",middleName:null,surname:"Shang",slug:"yizi-shang",fullName:"Yizi Shang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7102",title:"Pneumonia",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9fd70142814192dcec58a176749f1b60",slug:"pneumonia",bookSignature:"Nima Rezaei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7102.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"116250",title:"Dr.",name:"Nima",middleName:null,surname:"Rezaei",slug:"nima-rezaei",fullName:"Nima Rezaei"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9670",title:"Current Trends in Wheat Research",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"89d795987f1747a76eee532700d2093d",slug:"current-trends-in-wheat-research",bookSignature:"Mahmood-ur-Rahman Ansari",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9670.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"185476",title:"Dr.",name:"Mahmood-ur-Rahman",middleName:null,surname:"Ansari",slug:"mahmood-ur-rahman-ansari",fullName:"Mahmood-ur-Rahman Ansari"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"953",title:"Thermal Engineering",slug:"metals-and-nonmetals-thermal-engineering",parent:{id:"158",title:"Metals and Nonmetals",slug:"metals-and-nonmetals"},numberOfBooks:4,numberOfSeries:0,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:89,numberOfWosCitations:301,numberOfCrossrefCitations:135,numberOfDimensionsCitations:318,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicId:"953",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"5802",title:"Ion Implantation",subtitle:"Research and Application",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b7a1bd893c9f0b454cf061b5906d99de",slug:"ion-implantation-research-and-application",bookSignature:"Ishaq Ahmad",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5802.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"25524",title:"Prof.",name:"Ishaq",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"ishaq-ahmad",fullName:"Ishaq Ahmad"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2183",title:"Shape Memory Alloys",subtitle:"Processing, Characterization and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99c926b3930c93145173801b18b8a5aa",slug:"shape-memory-alloys-processing-characterization-and-applications",bookSignature:"Francisco Manuel Braz Fernandes",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2183.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"147555",title:"Dr.",name:"Francisco Manuel",middleName:null,surname:"Braz Fernandes",slug:"francisco-manuel-braz-fernandes",fullName:"Francisco Manuel Braz Fernandes"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3480",title:"Recent Developments in the Study of Recrystallization",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a56b6e28967152fcfcce3021465d0709",slug:"recent-developments-in-the-study-of-recrystallization",bookSignature:"Peter Wilson",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3480.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"92584",title:"Prof.",name:"Peter",middleName:null,surname:"Wilson",slug:"peter-wilson",fullName:"Peter Wilson"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2448",title:"Heat Treatment",subtitle:"Conventional and Novel Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fe6f42d3837b5d92c89a243b4829515f",slug:"heat-treatment-conventional-and-novel-applications",bookSignature:"Frank Czerwinski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2448.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"16295",title:"Dr.",name:"Frank",middleName:null,surname:"Czerwinski",slug:"frank-czerwinski",fullName:"Frank Czerwinski"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:4,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"39389",doi:"10.5772/50282",title:"A Review on the Heat Treatment of Al-Si-Cu/Mg Casting Alloys",slug:"a-review-on-the-heat-treatment-of-al-si-cu-mg-casting-alloys",totalDownloads:8208,totalCrossrefCites:32,totalDimensionsCites:65,abstract:null,book:{id:"2448",slug:"heat-treatment-conventional-and-novel-applications",title:"Heat Treatment",fullTitle:"Heat Treatment - Conventional and Novel Applications"},signatures:"A.M.A. Mohamed and F.H. Samuel",authors:[{id:"146853",title:"Prof.",name:"Fawzy",middleName:null,surname:"Samuel",slug:"fawzy-samuel",fullName:"Fawzy Samuel"},{id:"148963",title:"Dr.",name:"A.M.A",middleName:null,surname:"Mohamed",slug:"a.m.a-mohamed",fullName:"A.M.A Mohamed"},{id:"148969",title:"Prof.",name:"Saleh",middleName:null,surname:"Alkahtani",slug:"saleh-alkahtani",fullName:"Saleh Alkahtani"},{id:"161853",title:"Prof.",name:"Adel",middleName:null,surname:"Mohamed",slug:"adel-mohamed",fullName:"Adel Mohamed"}]},{id:"39403",doi:"10.5772/51566",title:"Thermochemical Treatment of Metals",slug:"thermochemical-treatment-of-metals",totalDownloads:11357,totalCrossrefCites:21,totalDimensionsCites:37,abstract:null,book:{id:"2448",slug:"heat-treatment-conventional-and-novel-applications",title:"Heat Treatment",fullTitle:"Heat Treatment - Conventional and Novel Applications"},signatures:"Frank Czerwinski",authors:[{id:"16295",title:"Dr.",name:"Frank",middleName:null,surname:"Czerwinski",slug:"frank-czerwinski",fullName:"Frank Czerwinski"}]},{id:"42487",doi:"10.5772/54992",title:"Ice Recrystallization Inhibitors: From Biological Antifreezes to Small Molecules",slug:"ice-recrystallization-inhibitors-from-biological-antifreezes-to-small-molecules",totalDownloads:4293,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:26,abstract:null,book:{id:"3480",slug:"recent-developments-in-the-study-of-recrystallization",title:"Recent Developments in the Study of Recrystallization",fullTitle:"Recent Developments in the Study of Recrystallization"},signatures:"Chantelle J. Capicciotti, Malay Doshi and Robert N. Ben",authors:[{id:"161986",title:"Dr.",name:"Robert",middleName:"N.",surname:"Ben",slug:"robert-ben",fullName:"Robert Ben"},{id:"163487",title:"Ms.",name:"Chantelle",middleName:null,surname:"Capicciotti",slug:"chantelle-capicciotti",fullName:"Chantelle Capicciotti"},{id:"163488",title:"Mr.",name:"Malay",middleName:null,surname:"Doshi",slug:"malay-doshi",fullName:"Malay Doshi"}]},{id:"44019",doi:"10.5772/50067",title:"The Methods of Preparation of Ti-Ni-X Alloys and Their Forming",slug:"the-methods-of-preparation-of-ti-ni-x-alloys-and-their-forming",totalDownloads:3824,totalCrossrefCites:11,totalDimensionsCites:21,abstract:null,book:{id:"2183",slug:"shape-memory-alloys-processing-characterization-and-applications",title:"Shape Memory Alloys",fullTitle:"Shape Memory Alloys - Processing, Characterization and Applications"},signatures:"Radim Kocich, Ivo Szurman and Miroslav Kursa",authors:[{id:"144007",title:"Dr.",name:"Radim",middleName:null,surname:"Kocich",slug:"radim-kocich",fullName:"Radim Kocich"},{id:"151385",title:"Dr.",name:"Ivo",middleName:null,surname:"Szurman",slug:"ivo-szurman",fullName:"Ivo Szurman"},{id:"151386",title:"Prof.",name:"Miroslav",middleName:null,surname:"Kursa",slug:"miroslav-kursa",fullName:"Miroslav Kursa"}]},{id:"44018",doi:"10.5772/48419",title:"NiTi Shape Memory Alloys, Promising Materials in Orthopedic Applications",slug:"niti-shape-memory-alloys-promising-materials-in-orthopedic-applications",totalDownloads:4408,totalCrossrefCites:7,totalDimensionsCites:20,abstract:null,book:{id:"2183",slug:"shape-memory-alloys-processing-characterization-and-applications",title:"Shape Memory Alloys",fullTitle:"Shape Memory Alloys - Processing, Characterization and Applications"},signatures:"Marjan Bahraminasab and Barkawi Bin Sahari",authors:[{id:"143764",title:"Mrs.",name:"Marjan",middleName:null,surname:"Bahraminasab",slug:"marjan-bahraminasab",fullName:"Marjan Bahraminasab"},{id:"145956",title:"Prof.",name:"B.B.",middleName:null,surname:"Sahari",slug:"b.b.-sahari",fullName:"B.B. Sahari"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"42487",title:"Ice Recrystallization Inhibitors: From Biological Antifreezes to Small Molecules",slug:"ice-recrystallization-inhibitors-from-biological-antifreezes-to-small-molecules",totalDownloads:4295,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:26,abstract:null,book:{id:"3480",slug:"recent-developments-in-the-study-of-recrystallization",title:"Recent Developments in the Study of Recrystallization",fullTitle:"Recent Developments in the Study of Recrystallization"},signatures:"Chantelle J. Capicciotti, Malay Doshi and Robert N. Ben",authors:[{id:"161986",title:"Dr.",name:"Robert",middleName:"N.",surname:"Ben",slug:"robert-ben",fullName:"Robert Ben"},{id:"163487",title:"Ms.",name:"Chantelle",middleName:null,surname:"Capicciotti",slug:"chantelle-capicciotti",fullName:"Chantelle Capicciotti"},{id:"163488",title:"Mr.",name:"Malay",middleName:null,surname:"Doshi",slug:"malay-doshi",fullName:"Malay Doshi"}]},{id:"39403",title:"Thermochemical Treatment of Metals",slug:"thermochemical-treatment-of-metals",totalDownloads:11358,totalCrossrefCites:21,totalDimensionsCites:37,abstract:null,book:{id:"2448",slug:"heat-treatment-conventional-and-novel-applications",title:"Heat Treatment",fullTitle:"Heat Treatment - Conventional and Novel Applications"},signatures:"Frank Czerwinski",authors:[{id:"16295",title:"Dr.",name:"Frank",middleName:null,surname:"Czerwinski",slug:"frank-czerwinski",fullName:"Frank Czerwinski"}]},{id:"39389",title:"A Review on the Heat Treatment of Al-Si-Cu/Mg Casting Alloys",slug:"a-review-on-the-heat-treatment-of-al-si-cu-mg-casting-alloys",totalDownloads:8210,totalCrossrefCites:32,totalDimensionsCites:65,abstract:null,book:{id:"2448",slug:"heat-treatment-conventional-and-novel-applications",title:"Heat Treatment",fullTitle:"Heat Treatment - Conventional and Novel Applications"},signatures:"A.M.A. Mohamed and F.H. Samuel",authors:[{id:"146853",title:"Prof.",name:"Fawzy",middleName:null,surname:"Samuel",slug:"fawzy-samuel",fullName:"Fawzy Samuel"},{id:"148963",title:"Dr.",name:"A.M.A",middleName:null,surname:"Mohamed",slug:"a.m.a-mohamed",fullName:"A.M.A Mohamed"},{id:"148969",title:"Prof.",name:"Saleh",middleName:null,surname:"Alkahtani",slug:"saleh-alkahtani",fullName:"Saleh Alkahtani"},{id:"161853",title:"Prof.",name:"Adel",middleName:null,surname:"Mohamed",slug:"adel-mohamed",fullName:"Adel Mohamed"}]},{id:"44019",title:"The Methods of Preparation of Ti-Ni-X Alloys and Their Forming",slug:"the-methods-of-preparation-of-ti-ni-x-alloys-and-their-forming",totalDownloads:3826,totalCrossrefCites:11,totalDimensionsCites:21,abstract:null,book:{id:"2183",slug:"shape-memory-alloys-processing-characterization-and-applications",title:"Shape Memory Alloys",fullTitle:"Shape Memory Alloys - Processing, Characterization and Applications"},signatures:"Radim Kocich, Ivo Szurman and Miroslav Kursa",authors:[{id:"144007",title:"Dr.",name:"Radim",middleName:null,surname:"Kocich",slug:"radim-kocich",fullName:"Radim Kocich"},{id:"151385",title:"Dr.",name:"Ivo",middleName:null,surname:"Szurman",slug:"ivo-szurman",fullName:"Ivo Szurman"},{id:"151386",title:"Prof.",name:"Miroslav",middleName:null,surname:"Kursa",slug:"miroslav-kursa",fullName:"Miroslav Kursa"}]},{id:"55259",title:"Introductory Chapter: Introduction to Ion Implantation",slug:"introductory-chapter-introduction-to-ion-implantation",totalDownloads:1950,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:null,book:{id:"5802",slug:"ion-implantation-research-and-application",title:"Ion Implantation",fullTitle:"Ion Implantation - Research and Application"},signatures:"Ishaq Ahmad and Waheed Akram",authors:[{id:"204045",title:"Dr.",name:"Ishaq",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"ishaq-ahmad",fullName:"Ishaq Ahmad"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"953",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:8,limit:8,total:0},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:87,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:98,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:27,numberOfPublishedChapters:286,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:9,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:139,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:129,numberOfOpenTopics:0,numberOfUpcomingTopics:2,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:105,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:101,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:11,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:0,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:9,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}},{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",issn:"2631-6188",scope:"This series will provide a comprehensive overview of recent research trends in various Infectious Diseases (as per the most recent Baltimore classification). Topics will include general overviews of infections, immunopathology, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, etiology, and current clinical recommendations for managing infectious diseases. Ongoing issues, recent advances, and future diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies will also be discussed. This book series will focus on various aspects and properties of infectious diseases whose deep understanding is essential for safeguarding the human race from losing resources and economies due to pathogens.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/6.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"May 11th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:13,editor:{id:"131400",title:"Prof.",name:"Alfonso J.",middleName:null,surname:"Rodriguez-Morales",slug:"alfonso-j.-rodriguez-morales",fullName:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/131400/images/system/131400.png",biography:"Dr. Rodriguez-Morales is an expert in tropical and emerging diseases, particularly zoonotic and vector-borne diseases (especially arboviral diseases). He is the president of the Travel Medicine Committee of the Pan-American Infectious Diseases Association (API), as well as the president of the Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (ACIN). He is a member of the Committee on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses, and Travel Medicine of ACIN. He is a vice-president of the Latin American Society for Travel Medicine (SLAMVI) and a Member of the Council of the International Society for Infectious Diseases (ISID). Since 2014, he has been recognized as a Senior Researcher, at the Ministry of Science of Colombia. He is a professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, in Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. He is an External Professor, Master in Research on Tropical Medicine and International Health, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain. He is also a professor at the Master in Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru. In 2021 he has been awarded the “Raul Isturiz Award” Medal of the API. Also, in 2021, he was awarded with the “Jose Felix Patiño” Asclepius Staff Medal of the Colombian Medical College, due to his scientific contributions to COVID-19 during the pandemic. He is currently the Editor in Chief of the journal Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases. His Scopus H index is 47 (Google Scholar H index, 68).",institutionString:"Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Colombia",institution:null},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:4,paginationItems:[{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/14.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11410,editor:{id:"165627",title:"Dr.",name:"Rosa María",middleName:null,surname:"Martínez-Espinosa",slug:"rosa-maria-martinez-espinosa",fullName:"Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/165627/images/system/165627.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa has been a Spanish Full Professor since 2020 (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology) and is currently Vice-President of International Relations and Cooperation development and leader of the research group 'Applied Biochemistry” (University of Alicante, Spain). Other positions she has held at the university include Vice-Dean of Master Programs, Vice-Dean of the Degree in Biology and Vice-Dean for Mobility and Enterprise and Engagement at the Faculty of Science (University of Alicante). She received her Bachelor in Biology in 1998 (University of Alicante) and her PhD in 2003 (Biochemistry, University of Alicante). She undertook post-doctoral research at the University of East Anglia (Norwich, U.K. 2004-2005; 2007-2008).\nHer multidisciplinary research focuses on investigating archaea and their potential applications in biotechnology. She has an H-index of 21. She has authored one patent and has published more than 70 indexed papers and around 60 book chapters.\nShe has contributed to more than 150 national and international meetings during the last 15 years. Her research interests include archaea metabolism, enzymes purification and characterization, gene regulation, carotenoids and bioplastics production, antioxidant\ncompounds, waste water treatments, and brines bioremediation.\nRosa María’s other roles include editorial board member for several journals related\nto biochemistry, reviewer for more than 60 journals (biochemistry, molecular biology, biotechnology, chemistry and microbiology) and president of several organizing committees in international meetings related to the N-cycle or respiratory processes.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Alicante",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/15.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11411,editor:{id:"441442",title:"Dr.",name:"Şükrü",middleName:null,surname:"Beydemir",slug:"sukru-beydemir",fullName:"Şükrü Beydemir",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00003GsUoIQAV/Profile_Picture_1634557147521",biography:"Dr. Şükrü Beydemir obtained a BSc in Chemistry in 1995 from Yüzüncü Yıl University, MSc in Biochemistry in 1998, and PhD in Biochemistry in 2002 from Atatürk University, Turkey. He performed post-doctoral studies at Max-Planck Institute, Germany, and University of Florence, Italy in addition to making several scientific visits abroad. He currently works as a Full Professor of Biochemistry in the Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Turkey. Dr. Beydemir has published over a hundred scientific papers spanning protein biochemistry, enzymology and medicinal chemistry, reviews, book chapters and presented several conferences to scientists worldwide. He has received numerous publication awards from various international scientific councils. He serves in the Editorial Board of several international journals. Dr. Beydemir is also Rector of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Turkey.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Anadolu University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}},editorTwo:{id:"13652",title:"Prof.",name:"Deniz",middleName:null,surname:"Ekinci",slug:"deniz-ekinci",fullName:"Deniz Ekinci",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYLT1QAO/Profile_Picture_1634557223079",biography:"Dr. Deniz Ekinci obtained a BSc in Chemistry in 2004, MSc in Biochemistry in 2006, and PhD in Biochemistry in 2009 from Atatürk University, Turkey. He studied at Stetson University, USA, in 2007-2008 and at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Germany, in 2009-2010. Dr. Ekinci currently works as a Full Professor of Biochemistry in the Faculty of Agriculture and is the Head of the Enzyme and Microbial Biotechnology Division, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey. He is a member of the Turkish Biochemical Society, American Chemical Society, and German Genetics society. Dr. Ekinci published around ninety scientific papers, reviews and book chapters, and presented several conferences to scientists. He has received numerous publication awards from several scientific councils. Dr. Ekinci serves as the Editor in Chief of four international books and is involved in the Editorial Board of several international journals.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ondokuz Mayıs University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}},editorThree:null},{id:"17",title:"Metabolism",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/17.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11413,editor:{id:"138626",title:"Dr.",name:"Yannis",middleName:null,surname:"Karamanos",slug:"yannis-karamanos",fullName:"Yannis Karamanos",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002g6Jv2QAE/Profile_Picture_1629356660984",biography:"Yannis Karamanos, born in Greece in 1953, completed his pre-graduate studies at the Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, then his Masters and Doctoral degree at the Université de Lille (1983). He was associate professor at the University of Limoges (1987) before becoming full professor of biochemistry at the Université d’Artois (1996). He worked on the structure-function relationships of glycoconjugates and his main project was the investigations on the biological roles of the de-N-glycosylation enzymes (Endo-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-β-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase). From 2002 he contributes to the understanding of the Blood-brain barrier functioning using proteomics approaches. He has published more than 70 papers. His teaching areas are energy metabolism and regulation, integration and organ specialization and metabolic adaptation.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Artois University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"France"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"18",title:"Proteomics",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/18.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11414,editor:{id:"200689",title:"Prof.",name:"Paolo",middleName:null,surname:"Iadarola",slug:"paolo-iadarola",fullName:"Paolo Iadarola",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSCl8QAG/Profile_Picture_1623568118342",biography:"Paolo Iadarola graduated with a degree in Chemistry from the University of Pavia (Italy) in July 1972. He then worked as an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Science of the same University until 1984. In 1985, Prof. Iadarola became Associate Professor at the Department of Biology and Biotechnologies of the University of Pavia and retired in October 2017. Since then, he has been working as an Adjunct Professor in the same Department at the University of Pavia. His research activity during the first years was primarily focused on the purification and structural characterization of enzymes from animal and plant sources. During this period, Prof. Iadarola familiarized himself with the conventional techniques used in column chromatography, spectrophotometry, manual Edman degradation, and electrophoresis). Since 1995, he has been working on: i) the determination in biological fluids (serum, urine, bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum) of proteolytic activities involved in the degradation processes of connective tissue matrix, and ii) on the identification of biological markers of lung diseases. In this context, he has developed and validated new methodologies (e.g., Capillary Electrophoresis coupled to Laser-Induced Fluorescence, CE-LIF) whose application enabled him to determine both the amounts of biochemical markers (Desmosines) in urine/serum of patients affected by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and the activity of proteolytic enzymes (Human Neutrophil Elastase, Cathepsin G, Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase) in sputa of these patients. More recently, Prof. Iadarola was involved in developing techniques such as two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (2DE-LC/MS) for the proteomic analysis of biological fluids aimed at the identification of potential biomarkers of different lung diseases. He is the author of about 150 publications (According to Scopus: H-Index: 23; Total citations: 1568- According to WOS: H-Index: 20; Total Citations: 1296) of peer-reviewed international journals. He is a Consultant Reviewer for several journals, including the Journal of Chromatography A, Journal of Chromatography B, Plos ONE, Proteomes, International Journal of Molecular Science, Biotech, Electrophoresis, and others. He is also Associate Editor of Biotech.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Pavia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},editorTwo:{id:"201414",title:"Dr.",name:"Simona",middleName:null,surname:"Viglio",slug:"simona-viglio",fullName:"Simona Viglio",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRKDHQA4/Profile_Picture_1630402531487",biography:"Simona Viglio is an Associate Professor of Biochemistry at the Department of Molecular Medicine at the University of Pavia. She has been working since 1995 on the determination of proteolytic enzymes involved in the degradation process of connective tissue matrix and on the identification of biological markers of lung diseases. She gained considerable experience in developing and validating new methodologies whose applications allowed her to determine both the amount of biomarkers (Desmosine and Isodesmosine) in the urine of patients affected by COPD, and the activity of proteolytic enzymes (HNE, Cathepsin G, Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase) in the sputa of these patients. Simona Viglio was also involved in research dealing with the supplementation of amino acids in patients with brain injury and chronic heart failure. She is presently engaged in the development of 2-DE and LC-MS techniques for the study of proteomics in biological fluids. The aim of this research is the identification of potential biomarkers of lung diseases. She is an author of about 90 publications (According to Scopus: H-Index: 23; According to WOS: H-Index: 20) on peer-reviewed journals, a member of the “Società Italiana di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare,“ and a Consultant Reviewer for International Journal of Molecular Science, Journal of Chromatography A, COPD, Plos ONE and Nutritional Neuroscience.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Pavia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},editorThree:null}]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:48,paginationItems:[{id:"81799",title:"Cross Talk of Purinergic and Immune Signaling: Implication in Inflammatory and Pathogenic Diseases",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104978",signatures:"Richa Rai",slug:"cross-talk-of-purinergic-and-immune-signaling-implication-in-inflammatory-and-pathogenic-diseases",totalDownloads:3,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Purinergic System",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10801.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"81764",title:"Involvement of the Purinergic System in Cell Death in Models of Retinopathies",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103935",signatures:"Douglas Penaforte Cruz, Marinna Garcia Repossi and Lucianne Fragel Madeira",slug:"involvement-of-the-purinergic-system-in-cell-death-in-models-of-retinopathies",totalDownloads:3,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Purinergic System",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10801.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"81756",title:"Alteration of Cytokines Level and Oxidative Stress Parameters in COVID-19",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104950",signatures:"Marija Petrusevska, Emilija Atanasovska, Dragica Zendelovska, Aleksandar Eftimov and Katerina Spasovska",slug:"alteration-of-cytokines-level-and-oxidative-stress-parameters-in-covid-19",totalDownloads:5,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Chemokines Updates",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11672.jpg",subseries:{id:"18",title:"Proteomics"}}},{id:"81681",title:"Immunomodulatory Effects of a M2-Conditioned Medium (PRS® CK STORM): Theory on the Possible Complex Mechanism of Action through Anti-Inflammatory Modulation of the TLR System and the Purinergic System",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104486",signatures:"Juan Pedro Lapuente",slug:"immunomodulatory-effects-of-a-m2-conditioned-medium-prs-ck-storm-theory-on-the-possible-complex-mech",totalDownloads:5,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Purinergic System",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10801.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}}]},overviewPagePublishedBooks:{paginationCount:27,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"7006",title:"Biochemistry and Health Benefits of Fatty Acids",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7006.jpg",slug:"biochemistry-and-health-benefits-of-fatty-acids",publishedDate:"December 19th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Viduranga Waisundara",hash:"c93a00abd68b5eba67e5e719f67fd20b",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Biochemistry and Health Benefits of Fatty Acids",editors:[{id:"194281",title:"Dr.",name:"Viduranga Y.",middleName:null,surname:"Waisundara",slug:"viduranga-y.-waisundara",fullName:"Viduranga Y. Waisundara",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/194281/images/system/194281.jpg",biography:"Dr. Viduranga Waisundara obtained her Ph.D. in Food Science and Technology from the Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, in 2010. She was a lecturer at Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore from July 2009 to March 2013. She relocated to her motherland of Sri Lanka and spearheaded the Functional Food Product Development Project at the National Institute of Fundamental Studies from April 2013 to October 2016. She was a senior lecturer on a temporary basis at the Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka. She is currently Deputy Principal of the Australian College of Business and Technology – Kandy Campus, Sri Lanka. She is also the Global Harmonization Initiative (GHI) Ambassador to Sri Lanka.",institutionString:"Australian College of Business & Technology",institution:null}]},{type:"book",id:"6820",title:"Keratin",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6820.jpg",slug:"keratin",publishedDate:"December 19th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Miroslav Blumenberg",hash:"6def75cd4b6b5324a02b6dc0359896d0",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Keratin",editors:[{id:"31610",title:"Dr.",name:"Miroslav",middleName:null,surname:"Blumenberg",slug:"miroslav-blumenberg",fullName:"Miroslav Blumenberg",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/31610/images/system/31610.jpg",biography:"Miroslav Blumenberg, Ph.D., was born in Subotica and received his BSc in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. He completed his Ph.D. at MIT in Organic Chemistry; he followed up his Ph.D. with two postdoctoral study periods at Stanford University. Since 1983, he has been a faculty member of the RO Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU School of Medicine, where he is codirector of a training grant in cutaneous biology. Dr. Blumenberg’s research is focused on the epidermis, expression of keratin genes, transcription profiling, keratinocyte differentiation, inflammatory diseases and cancers, and most recently the effects of the microbiome on the skin. He has published more than 100 peer-reviewed research articles and graduated numerous Ph.D. and postdoctoral students.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"New York University Langone Medical Center",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7978",title:"Vitamin A",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7978.jpg",slug:"vitamin-a",publishedDate:"May 15th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Leila Queiroz Zepka, Veridiana Vera de Rosso and Eduardo Jacob-Lopes",hash:"dad04a658ab9e3d851d23705980a688b",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Vitamin A",editors:[{id:"261969",title:"Dr.",name:"Leila",middleName:null,surname:"Queiroz Zepka",slug:"leila-queiroz-zepka",fullName:"Leila Queiroz Zepka",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/261969/images/system/261969.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Leila Queiroz Zepka is currently an associate professor in the Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil. She has more than fifteen years of teaching and research experience. She has published more than 550 scientific publications/communications, including 15 books, 50 book chapters, 100 original research papers, 380 research communications in national and international conferences, and 12 patents. She is a member of the editorial board of five journals and acts as a reviewer for several national and international journals. Her research interests include microalgal biotechnology with an emphasis on microalgae-based products.",institutionString:"Universidade Federal de Santa Maria",institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Santa Maria",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7953",title:"Bioluminescence",subtitle:"Analytical Applications and Basic Biology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7953.jpg",slug:"bioluminescence-analytical-applications-and-basic-biology",publishedDate:"September 25th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Hirobumi Suzuki",hash:"3a8efa00b71abea11bf01973dc589979",volumeInSeries:4,fullTitle:"Bioluminescence - Analytical Applications and Basic Biology",editors:[{id:"185746",title:"Dr.",name:"Hirobumi",middleName:null,surname:"Suzuki",slug:"hirobumi-suzuki",fullName:"Hirobumi Suzuki",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/185746/images/system/185746.png",biography:"Dr. Hirobumi Suzuki received his Ph.D. in 1997 from Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan, where he studied firefly phylogeny and the evolution of mating systems. He is especially interested in the genetic differentiation pattern and speciation process that correlate to the flashing pattern and mating behavior of some fireflies in Japan. He then worked for Olympus Corporation, a Japanese manufacturer of optics and imaging products, where he was involved in the development of luminescence technology and produced a bioluminescence microscope that is currently being used for gene expression analysis in chronobiology, neurobiology, and developmental biology. Dr. Suzuki currently serves as a visiting researcher at Kogakuin University, Japan, and also a vice president of the Japan Firefly Society.",institutionString:"Kogakuin University",institution:null}]}]},openForSubmissionBooks:{paginationCount:6,paginationItems:[{id:"11671",title:"Importance of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant System in Health and Disease",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11671.jpg",hash:"2bd98244cd9eda2107f01824584c1eb4",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:4,submissionDeadline:"March 17th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"270856",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Suna",surname:"Sabuncuoglu",slug:"suna-sabuncuoglu",fullName:"Suna Sabuncuoglu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11669",title:"Fatty Acids - Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11669.jpg",hash:"9117bd12dc904ced43404e3383b6591a",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"May 3rd 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"415310",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Erik",surname:"Froyen",slug:"erik-froyen",fullName:"Erik Froyen"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11672",title:"Chemokines Updates",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11672.jpg",hash:"c00855833476a514d37abf7c846e16e9",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"May 6th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"14794",title:"Prof.",name:"Murat",surname:"Şentürk",slug:"murat-senturk",fullName:"Murat Şentürk"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11674",title:"Updates on Endoplasmic Reticulum",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11674.jpg",hash:"5d7d49bd80f53dad3761f78de4a862c6",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"May 6th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"238047",title:"Dr.",name:"Gaia",surname:"Favero",slug:"gaia-favero",fullName:"Gaia Favero"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11670",title:"Chitin-Chitosan - Isolation, Properties, and Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11670.jpg",hash:"69f009be08998711eecfb200adc7deca",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,submissionDeadline:"May 26th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"176093",title:"Dr.",name:"Brajesh",surname:"Kumar",slug:"brajesh-kumar",fullName:"Brajesh Kumar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11673",title:"Stem Cell Research",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11673.jpg",hash:"13092df328080c762dd9157be18ca38c",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,submissionDeadline:"June 8th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"203598",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Diana",surname:"Kitala",slug:"diana-kitala",fullName:"Diana Kitala"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:26,paginationItems:[{id:"81791",title:"Self-Supervised Contrastive Representation Learning in Computer Vision",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104785",signatures:"Yalin Bastanlar and Semih Orhan",slug:"self-supervised-contrastive-representation-learning-in-computer-vision",totalDownloads:1,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Pattern Recognition - New Insights",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11442.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"79345",title:"Application of Jump Diffusion Models in Insurance Claim Estimation",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99853",signatures:"Leonard Mushunje, Chiedza Elvina Mashiri, Edina Chandiwana and Maxwell Mashasha",slug:"application-of-jump-diffusion-models-in-insurance-claim-estimation-1",totalDownloads:2,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Data Clustering",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10820.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"81557",title:"Object Tracking Using Adapted Optical Flow",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102863",signatures:"Ronaldo Ferreira, Joaquim José de Castro Ferreira and António José Ribeiro Neves",slug:"object-tracking-using-adapted-optical-flow",totalDownloads:10,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Information Extraction and Object Tracking in Digital Video",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10652.jpg",subseries:{id:"24",title:"Computer Vision"}}},{id:"81558",title:"Thresholding Image Techniques for Plant Segmentation",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104587",signatures:"Miguel Ángel Castillo-Martínez, Francisco Javier Gallegos-Funes, Blanca E. Carvajal-Gámez, Guillermo Urriolagoitia-Sosa and Alberto J. Rosales-Silva",slug:"thresholding-image-techniques-for-plant-segmentation",totalDownloads:13,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Information Extraction and Object Tracking in Digital Video",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10652.jpg",subseries:{id:"24",title:"Computer Vision"}}},{id:"81471",title:"Semantic Map: Bringing Together Groups and Discourses",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103818",signatures:"Theodore Chadjipadelis and Georgia Panagiotidou",slug:"semantic-map-bringing-together-groups-and-discourses",totalDownloads:11,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Data Clustering",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10820.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"79491",title:"Fuzzy Perceptron Learning for Non-Linearly Separable Patterns",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101312",signatures:"Raja Kishor Duggirala",slug:"fuzzy-perceptron-learning-for-non-linearly-separable-patterns",totalDownloads:13,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Raja Kishor",surname:"Duggirala"}],book:{title:"Data Clustering",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10820.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"81234",title:"Cognitive Visual Tracking of Hand Gestures in Real-Time RGB Videos",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103170",signatures:"Richa Golash and Yogendra Kumar Jain",slug:"cognitive-visual-tracking-of-hand-gestures-in-real-time-rgb-videos",totalDownloads:11,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Information Extraction and Object Tracking in Digital Video",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10652.jpg",subseries:{id:"24",title:"Computer Vision"}}},{id:"81331",title:"Machine Learning Algorithm-Based Contraceptive Practice among Ever-Married Women in Bangladesh: A Hierarchical Machine Learning Classification Approach",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103187",signatures:"Iqramul Haq, Md. Ismail Hossain, Md. Moshiur Rahman, Md. Injamul Haq Methun, Ashis Talukder, Md. Jakaria Habib and Md. Sanwar Hossain",slug:"machine-learning-algorithm-based-contraceptive-practice-among-ever-married-women-in-bangladesh-a-hie",totalDownloads:18,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining - Annual Volume 2022",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11422.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"81321",title:"Velocity Planning via Model-Based Reinforcement Learning: Demonstrating Results on PILCO for One-Dimensional Linear Motion with Bounded Acceleration",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103690",signatures:"Hsuan-Cheng Liao, Han-Jung Chou and Jing-Sin Liu",slug:"velocity-planning-via-model-based-reinforcement-learning-demonstrating-results-on-pilco-for-one-dime",totalDownloads:2,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Applied Intelligence - Annual Volume 2022",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11418.jpg",subseries:{id:"22",title:"Applied Intelligence"}}},{id:"81272",title:"Pain Identification in Electroencephalography Signal Using Fuzzy Inference System",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103753",signatures:"Vahid Asadpour, Reza Fazel-Rezai, Maryam Vatankhah and Mohammad-Reza Akbarzadeh-Totonchi",slug:"pain-identification-in-electroencephalography-signal-using-fuzzy-inference-system",totalDownloads:11,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Brain-Computer Interface",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10654.jpg",subseries:{id:"23",title:"Computational Neuroscience"}}}]},subseriesFiltersForOFChapters:[{caption:"Applied Intelligence",value:22,count:1,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Computer Vision",value:24,count:8,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Machine Learning and Data Mining",value:26,count:8,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Computational Neuroscience",value:23,count:9,group:"subseries"}],publishedBooks:{paginationCount:13,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"7102",title:"Pneumonia",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7102.jpg",slug:"pneumonia",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Nima Rezaei",hash:"9fd70142814192dcec58a176749f1b60",volumeInSeries:13,fullTitle:"Pneumonia",editors:[{id:"116250",title:"Dr.",name:"Nima",middleName:null,surname:"Rezaei",slug:"nima-rezaei",fullName:"Nima Rezaei",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/116250/images/system/116250.jpg",institutionString:"Tehran University of Medical Sciences",institution:{name:"Tehran University of Medical Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Iran"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9615",title:"Chikungunya Virus",subtitle:"A Growing Global Public Health Threat",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9615.jpg",slug:"chikungunya-virus-a-growing-global-public-health-threat",publishedDate:"February 9th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Jean Engohang-Ndong",hash:"c960d94a63867dd12a8ab15176a3ff06",volumeInSeries:12,fullTitle:"Chikungunya Virus - A Growing Global Public Health Threat",editors:[{id:"180733",title:"Dr.",name:"Jean",middleName:null,surname:"Engohang-Ndong",slug:"jean-engohang-ndong",fullName:"Jean Engohang-Ndong",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/180733/images/system/180733.png",institutionString:"Kent State University",institution:{name:"Kent State University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9619",title:"Epstein-Barr Virus",subtitle:"New Trends",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9619.jpg",slug:"epstein-barr-virus-new-trends",publishedDate:"December 22nd 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Emmanuel Drouet",hash:"a2128c53becb6064589570cbe8d976f8",volumeInSeries:11,fullTitle:"Epstein-Barr Virus - New Trends",editors:[{id:"188773",title:"Prof.",name:"Emmanuel",middleName:null,surname:"Drouet",slug:"emmanuel-drouet",fullName:"Emmanuel Drouet",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/188773/images/system/188773.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Grenoble Alpes University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"France"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9525",title:"Insights Into Drug Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9525.jpg",slug:"insights-into-drug-resistance-in-staphylococcus-aureus",publishedDate:"December 8th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Amjad Aqib",hash:"98bb6c1ddb067da67185c272f81c0a27",volumeInSeries:10,fullTitle:"Insights Into Drug Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus",editors:[{id:"229220",title:"Dr.",name:"Amjad",middleName:"Islam",surname:"Aqib",slug:"amjad-aqib",fullName:"Amjad Aqib",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/229220/images/system/229220.png",institutionString:"Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9614",title:"Advances in Candida albicans",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9614.jpg",slug:"advances-in-candida-albicans",publishedDate:"November 17th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Xinhui Wang",hash:"31d6882518ca749b12715266eed0a018",volumeInSeries:9,fullTitle:"Advances in Candida albicans",editors:[{id:"296531",title:"Dr.",name:"Xinhui",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"xinhui-wang",fullName:"Xinhui Wang",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/296531/images/system/296531.jpg",institutionString:"Qinghai Normal University",institution:{name:"University of Luxembourg",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Luxembourg"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9528",title:"Current Topics and Emerging Issues in Malaria Elimination",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9528.jpg",slug:"current-topics-and-emerging-issues-in-malaria-elimination",publishedDate:"July 21st 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",hash:"7f178329cc42e691efe226b32f14e2ea",volumeInSeries:8,fullTitle:"Current Topics and Emerging Issues in Malaria Elimination",editors:[{id:"131400",title:"Prof.",name:"Alfonso J.",middleName:null,surname:"Rodriguez-Morales",slug:"alfonso-j.-rodriguez-morales",fullName:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/131400/images/system/131400.png",institutionString:"Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Colombia",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9613",title:"Dengue Fever in a One Health Perspective",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9613.jpg",slug:"dengue-fever-in-a-one-health-perspective",publishedDate:"October 28th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Márcia Aparecida Sperança",hash:"77ecce8195c11092230b4156df6d83ff",volumeInSeries:7,fullTitle:"Dengue Fever in a One Health Perspective",editors:[{id:"176579",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Márcia Aparecida",middleName:null,surname:"Sperança",slug:"marcia-aparecida-speranca",fullName:"Márcia Aparecida Sperança",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/176579/images/system/176579.jpg",institutionString:"Federal University of ABC",institution:{name:"Universidade Federal do ABC",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7981",title:"Overview on Echinococcosis",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7981.jpg",slug:"overview-on-echinococcosis",publishedDate:"April 22nd 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Fethi Derbel and Meriem Braiki",hash:"24dee9209f3fd6b7cd28f042da0076f0",volumeInSeries:6,fullTitle:"Overview on Echinococcosis",editors:[{id:"62900",title:"Prof.",name:"Fethi",middleName:null,surname:"Derbel",slug:"fethi-derbel",fullName:"Fethi Derbel",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/62900/images/system/62900.jpeg",institutionString:"Clinique les Oliviers",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7887",title:"Hepatitis B and C",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7887.jpg",slug:"hepatitis-b-and-c",publishedDate:"April 8th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Luis Rodrigo",hash:"8dd6dab483cf505d83caddaeaf497f2c",volumeInSeries:5,fullTitle:"Hepatitis B and C",editors:[{id:"73208",title:"Prof.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Rodrigo",slug:"luis-rodrigo",fullName:"Luis Rodrigo",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/73208/images/system/73208.jpg",institutionString:"University of Oviedo",institution:{name:"University of Oviedo",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7839",title:"Malaria",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7839.jpg",slug:"malaria",publishedDate:"December 11th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Fyson H. Kasenga",hash:"91cde4582ead884cb0f355a19b67cd56",volumeInSeries:4,fullTitle:"Malaria",editors:[{id:"86725",title:"Dr.",name:"Fyson",middleName:"Hanania",surname:"Kasenga",slug:"fyson-kasenga",fullName:"Fyson Kasenga",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/86725/images/system/86725.jpg",institutionString:"Malawi Adventist University",institution:{name:"Malawi Adventist University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Malawi"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7123",title:"Current Topics in Neglected Tropical Diseases",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7123.jpg",slug:"current-topics-in-neglected-tropical-diseases",publishedDate:"December 4th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",hash:"61c627da05b2ace83056d11357bdf361",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Current Topics in Neglected Tropical Diseases",editors:[{id:"131400",title:"Prof.",name:"Alfonso J.",middleName:null,surname:"Rodriguez-Morales",slug:"alfonso-j.-rodriguez-morales",fullName:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/131400/images/system/131400.png",institutionString:"Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Colombia",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7064",title:"Current Perspectives in Human Papillomavirus",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7064.jpg",slug:"current-perspectives-in-human-papillomavirus",publishedDate:"May 2nd 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Shailendra K. Saxena",hash:"d92a4085627bab25ddc7942fbf44cf05",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Current Perspectives in Human Papillomavirus",editors:[{id:"158026",title:"Prof.",name:"Shailendra K.",middleName:null,surname:"Saxena",slug:"shailendra-k.-saxena",fullName:"Shailendra K. Saxena",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRET3QAO/Profile_Picture_2022-05-10T10:10:26.jpeg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"King George's Medical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},subseriesFiltersForPublishedBooks:[{group:"subseries",caption:"Bacterial Infectious Diseases",value:3,count:2},{group:"subseries",caption:"Parasitic Infectious Diseases",value:5,count:4},{group:"subseries",caption:"Viral Infectious Diseases",value:6,count:7}],publicationYearFilters:[{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2022",value:2022,count:2},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2021",value:2021,count:4},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2020",value:2020,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2019",value:2019,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2018",value:2018,count:1}],authors:{paginationCount:0,paginationItems:[]}},subseries:{item:{id:"15",type:"subseries",title:"Chemical Biology",keywords:"Phenolic Compounds, Essential Oils, Modification of Biomolecules, Glycobiology, Combinatorial Chemistry, Therapeutic peptides, Enzyme Inhibitors",scope:"Chemical biology spans the fields of chemistry and biology involving the application of biological and chemical molecules and techniques. In recent years, the application of chemistry to biological molecules has gained significant interest in medicinal and pharmacological studies. This topic will be devoted to understanding the interplay between biomolecules and chemical compounds, their structure and function, and their potential applications in related fields. Being a part of the biochemistry discipline, the ideas and concepts that have emerged from Chemical Biology have affected other related areas. This topic will closely deal with all emerging trends in this discipline.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/15.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!0,hasPublishedBooks:!0,annualVolume:11411,editor:{id:"441442",title:"Dr.",name:"Şükrü",middleName:null,surname:"Beydemir",slug:"sukru-beydemir",fullName:"Şükrü Beydemir",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00003GsUoIQAV/Profile_Picture_1634557147521",biography:"Dr. Şükrü Beydemir obtained a BSc in Chemistry in 1995 from Yüzüncü Yıl University, MSc in Biochemistry in 1998, and PhD in Biochemistry in 2002 from Atatürk University, Turkey. He performed post-doctoral studies at Max-Planck Institute, Germany, and University of Florence, Italy in addition to making several scientific visits abroad. He currently works as a Full Professor of Biochemistry in the Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Turkey. Dr. Beydemir has published over a hundred scientific papers spanning protein biochemistry, enzymology and medicinal chemistry, reviews, book chapters and presented several conferences to scientists worldwide. He has received numerous publication awards from various international scientific councils. He serves in the Editorial Board of several international journals. Dr. Beydemir is also Rector of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Turkey.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Anadolu University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}},editorTwo:{id:"13652",title:"Prof.",name:"Deniz",middleName:null,surname:"Ekinci",slug:"deniz-ekinci",fullName:"Deniz Ekinci",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYLT1QAO/Profile_Picture_1634557223079",biography:"Dr. Deniz Ekinci obtained a BSc in Chemistry in 2004, MSc in Biochemistry in 2006, and PhD in Biochemistry in 2009 from Atatürk University, Turkey. He studied at Stetson University, USA, in 2007-2008 and at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Germany, in 2009-2010. Dr. Ekinci currently works as a Full Professor of Biochemistry in the Faculty of Agriculture and is the Head of the Enzyme and Microbial Biotechnology Division, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey. He is a member of the Turkish Biochemical Society, American Chemical Society, and German Genetics society. Dr. Ekinci published around ninety scientific papers, reviews and book chapters, and presented several conferences to scientists. He has received numerous publication awards from several scientific councils. Dr. Ekinci serves as the Editor in Chief of four international books and is involved in the Editorial Board of several international journals.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ondokuz Mayıs University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}},editorThree:null,series:{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",issn:"2632-0983"},editorialBoard:[{id:"241413",title:"Dr.",name:"Azhar",middleName:null,surname:"Rasul",slug:"azhar-rasul",fullName:"Azhar Rasul",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRT1oQAG/Profile_Picture_1635251978933",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Government College University, Faisalabad",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Pakistan"}}},{id:"178316",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sergey",middleName:null,surname:"Sedykh",slug:"sergey-sedykh",fullName:"Sergey Sedykh",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/178316/images/system/178316.jfif",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Novosibirsk State University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Russia"}}}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:19,paginationItems:[{id:"81067",title:"Encapsulation of Essential Oils and Their Use in Food Applications",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103147",signatures:"Hamdy A. Shaaban and Amr Farouk",slug:"encapsulation-of-essential-oils-and-their-use-in-food-applications",totalDownloads:46,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Essential Oils - Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"80959",title:"Biological Application of Essential Oils and Essential Oils Components in Terms of Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition of Cholinesterase Enzymes",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102874",signatures:"Mejra Bektašević and Olivera Politeo",slug:"biological-application-of-essential-oils-and-essential-oils-components-in-terms-of-antioxidant-activ",totalDownloads:46,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Essential Oils - Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"80859",title:"Antioxidant Effect and Medicinal Properties of Allspice Essential Oil",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103001",signatures:"Yasvet Yareni Andrade Avila, Julián Cruz-Olivares and César Pérez-Alonso",slug:"antioxidant-effect-and-medicinal-properties-of-allspice-essential-oil",totalDownloads:33,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Essential Oils - Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"80777",title:"Starch: A Veritable Natural Polymer for Economic Revolution",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102941",signatures:"Obi P. Adigwe, Henry O. Egharevba and Martins O. Emeje",slug:"starch-a-veritable-natural-polymer-for-economic-revolution",totalDownloads:43,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Starch - Evolution and Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10798.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"80673",title:"Teucrium ramosissimum Derived-Natural Products and Its Potent Effect in Alleviating the Pathological Kidney Damage in LPS-Induced Mice",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102788",signatures:"Fatma Guesmi and Ahmed Landoulsi",slug:"teucrium-ramosissimum-derived-natural-products-and-its-potent-effect-in-alleviating-the-pathological",totalDownloads:35,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Essential Oils - Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"80600",title:"Essential Oil as Green Preservative Obtained by Ecofriendly Extraction Techniques",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103035",signatures:"Nashwa Fathy Sayed Morsy",slug:"essential-oil-as-green-preservative-obtained-by-ecofriendly-extraction-techniques",totalDownloads:57,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Nashwa",surname:"Morsy"}],book:{title:"Essential Oils - Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"79875",title:"Comparative Study of the Physiochemical Composition and Techno-Functional Properties of Two Extracted Acorn Starches",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101562",signatures:"Youkabed Zarroug, Mouna Boulares, Dorra Sfayhi and Bechir Slimi",slug:"comparative-study-of-the-physiochemical-composition-and-techno-functional-properties-of-two-extracte",totalDownloads:49,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Starch - Evolution and Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10798.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"80395",title:"History, Evolution and Future of Starch Industry in Nigeria",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102712",signatures:"Obi Peter Adigwe, Judith Eloyi John and Martins Ochubiojo Emeje",slug:"history-evolution-and-future-of-starch-industry-in-nigeria",totalDownloads:51,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Starch - Evolution and Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10798.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"80168",title:"Benzimidazole: Pharmacological Profile",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102091",signatures:"Mahender Thatikayala, Anil Kumar Garige and Hemalatha Gadegoni",slug:"benzimidazole-pharmacological-profile",totalDownloads:73,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Benzimidazole",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10840.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"80122",title:"Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Potentials of Essential Oils",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102037",signatures:"Ishrat Nazir and Sajad Ahmad Gangoo",slug:"pharmaceutical-and-therapeutic-potentials-of-essential-oils",totalDownloads:123,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Essential Oils - Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"80130",title:"Exploring the Versatility of Benzimidazole Scaffolds as Medicinal Agents: A Brief Update",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101942",signatures:"Gopakumar Kavya and Akhil Sivan",slug:"exploring-the-versatility-of-benzimidazole-scaffolds-as-medicinal-agents-a-brief-update",totalDownloads:55,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Benzimidazole",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10840.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"80018",title:"Potato Starch as Affected by Varieties, Storage Treatments and Conditions of Tubers",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101831",signatures:"Saleem Siddiqui, Naseer Ahmed and Neeraj Phogat",slug:"potato-starch-as-affected-by-varieties-storage-treatments-and-conditions-of-tubers",totalDownloads:90,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Starch - Evolution and Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10798.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"80023",title:"Binary Interactions and Starch Bioavailability: Critical in Limiting Glycemic Response",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101833",signatures:"Veda Krishnan, Monika Awana, Debarati Mondal, Piyush Verma, Archana Singh and Shelly Praveen",slug:"binary-interactions-and-starch-bioavailability-critical-in-limiting-glycemic-response",totalDownloads:73,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Starch - Evolution and Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10798.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"79964",title:"The Anticancer Profile of Benzimidazolium Salts and their Metal Complexes",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101729",signatures:"Imran Ahmad Khan, Noor ul Amin Mohsin, Sana Aslam and Matloob Ahmad",slug:"the-anticancer-profile-of-benzimidazolium-salts-and-their-metal-complexes",totalDownloads:90,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Benzimidazole",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10840.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"79835",title:"Advances of Benzimidazole Derivatives as Anticancer Agents: Bench to Bedside",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101702",signatures:"Kashif Haider and Mohammad Shahar Yar",slug:"advances-of-benzimidazole-derivatives-as-anticancer-agents-bench-to-bedside",totalDownloads:105,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Benzimidazole",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10840.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"79856",title:"Starch-Based Hybrid Nanomaterials for Environmental Remediation",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101697",signatures:"Ashoka Gamage, Thiviya Punniamoorthy and Terrence Madhujith",slug:"starch-based-hybrid-nanomaterials-for-environmental-remediation",totalDownloads:101,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Starch - Evolution and Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10798.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}}]},publishedBooks:{paginationCount:3,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"10859",title:"Data Mining",subtitle:"Concepts and Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10859.jpg",slug:"data-mining-concepts-and-applications",publishedDate:"March 30th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Ciza Thomas",hash:"63a4e514e537d3962cf53ef1c6b9d5eb",volumeInSeries:8,fullTitle:"Data Mining - Concepts and Applications",editors:[{id:"43680",title:"Prof.",name:"Ciza",middleName:null,surname:"Thomas",slug:"ciza-thomas",fullName:"Ciza Thomas",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/43680/images/system/43680.jpeg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Government of Kerala",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"10651",title:"Machine Learning",subtitle:"Algorithms, Models and Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10651.jpg",slug:"machine-learning-algorithms-models-and-applications",publishedDate:"December 22nd 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Jaydip Sen",hash:"6208156401c496e0a4ca5ff4265324cc",volumeInSeries:7,fullTitle:"Machine Learning - Algorithms, Models and Applications",editors:[{id:"4519",title:"Prof.",name:"Jaydip",middleName:null,surname:"Sen",slug:"jaydip-sen",fullName:"Jaydip Sen",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/4519/images/system/4519.jpeg",institutionString:"Praxis Business School",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9963",title:"Advances and Applications in Deep Learning",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9963.jpg",slug:"advances-and-applications-in-deep-learning",publishedDate:"December 9th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Marco Antonio Aceves-Fernandez",hash:"0d51ba46f22e55cb89140f60d86a071e",volumeInSeries:4,fullTitle:"Advances and Applications in Deep Learning",editors:[{id:"24555",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Aceves Fernandez",slug:"marco-antonio-aceves-fernandez",fullName:"Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/24555/images/system/24555.jpg",institutionString:"Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro",institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Queretaro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},testimonialsList:[{id:"27",text:"The opportunity to work with a prestigious publisher allows for the possibility to collaborate with more research groups interested in animal nutrition, leading to the development of new feeding strategies and food valuation while being more sustainable with the environment, allowing more readers to learn about the subject.",author:{id:"175967",name:"Manuel",surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",institution:{id:"6221",name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",country:{id:null,name:"Mexico"}}}},{id:"8",text:"I work with IntechOpen for a number of reasons: their professionalism, their mission in support of Open Access publishing, and the quality of their peer-reviewed publications, but also because they believe in equality.",author:{id:"202192",name:"Catrin",surname:"Rutland",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",slug:"catrin-rutland",institution:{id:"134",name:"University of Nottingham",country:{id:null,name:"United Kingdom"}}}},{id:"18",text:"It was great publishing with IntechOpen, the process was straightforward and I had support all along.",author:{id:"71579",name:"Berend",surname:"Olivier",institutionString:"Utrecht University",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/71579/images/system/71579.jpg",slug:"berend-olivier",institution:{id:"253",name:"Utrecht University",country:{id:null,name:"Netherlands"}}}}]},submityourwork:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:86,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:96,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:27,numberOfPublishedChapters:283,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:9,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:138,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:128,numberOfOpenTopics:0,numberOfUpcomingTopics:2,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:105,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:100,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:11,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:0,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:9,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],subseriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Applied Intelligence",scope:"This field is the key in the current industrial revolution (Industry 4.0), where the new models and developments are based on the knowledge generation on applied intelligence. The motor of the society is the industry and the research of this topic has to be empowered in order to increase and improve the quality of our lives.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/22.jpg",keywords:"Machine Learning, Intelligence Algorithms, Data Science, Artificial Intelligence, Applications on Applied Intelligence"},{id:"23",title:"Computational Neuroscience",scope:"Computational neuroscience focuses on biologically realistic abstractions and models validated and solved through computational simulations to understand principles for the development, structure, physiology, and ability of the nervous system. This topic is dedicated to biologically plausible descriptions and computational models - at various abstraction levels - of neurons and neural systems. This includes, but is not limited to: single-neuron modeling, sensory processing, motor control, memory, and synaptic plasticity, attention, identification, categorization, discrimination, learning, development, axonal patterning, guidance, neural architecture, behaviors, and dynamics of networks, cognition and the neuroscientific basis of consciousness. Particularly interesting are models of various types of more compound functions and abilities, various and more general fundamental principles (e.g., regarding architecture, organization, learning, development, etc.) found at various spatial and temporal levels.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/23.jpg",keywords:"Single-Neuron Modeling, Sensory Processing, Motor Control, Memory and Synaptic Pasticity, Attention, Identification, Categorization, Discrimination, Learning, Development, Axonal Patterning and Guidance, Neural Architecture, Behaviours and Dynamics of Networks, Cognition and the Neuroscientific Basis of Consciousness"},{id:"24",title:"Computer Vision",scope:"The scope of this topic is to disseminate the recent advances in the rapidly growing field of computer vision from both the theoretical and practical points of view. Novel computational algorithms for image analysis, scene understanding, biometrics, deep learning and their software or hardware implementations for natural and medical images, robotics, VR/AR, applications are some research directions relevant to this topic.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/24.jpg",keywords:"Image Analysis, Scene Understanding, Biometrics, Deep Learning, Software Implementation, Hardware Implementation, Natural Images, Medical Images, Robotics, VR/AR"},{id:"25",title:"Evolutionary Computation",scope:"Evolutionary computing is a paradigm that has grown dramatically in recent years. This group of bio-inspired metaheuristics solves multiple optimization problems by applying the metaphor of natural selection. It so far has solved problems such as resource allocation, routing, schedule planning, and engineering design. Moreover, in the field of machine learning, evolutionary computation has carved out a significant niche both in the generation of learning models and in the automatic design and optimization of hyperparameters in deep learning models. This collection aims to include quality volumes on various topics related to evolutionary algorithms and, alternatively, other metaheuristics of interest inspired by nature. For example, some of the issues of interest could be the following: Advances in evolutionary computation (Genetic algorithms, Genetic programming, Bio-inspired metaheuristics, Hybrid metaheuristics, Parallel ECs); Applications of evolutionary algorithms (Machine learning and Data Mining with EAs, Search-Based Software Engineering, Scheduling, and Planning Applications, Smart Transport Applications, Applications to Games, Image Analysis, Signal Processing and Pattern Recognition, Applications to Sustainability).",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/25.jpg",keywords:"Genetic Algorithms, Genetic Programming, Evolutionary Programming, Evolution Strategies, Hybrid Algorithms, Bioinspired Metaheuristics, Ant Colony Optimization, Evolutionary Learning, Hyperparameter Optimization"},{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining",scope:"The scope of machine learning and data mining is immense and is growing every day. It has become a massive part of our daily lives, making predictions based on experience, making this a fascinating area that solves problems that otherwise would not be possible or easy to solve. This topic aims to encompass algorithms that learn from experience (supervised and unsupervised), improve their performance over time and enable machines to make data-driven decisions. It is not limited to any particular applications, but contributions are encouraged from all disciplines.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/26.jpg",keywords:"Intelligent Systems, Machine Learning, Data Science, Data Mining, Artificial Intelligence"},{id:"27",title:"Multi-Agent Systems",scope:"Multi-agent systems are recognised as a state of the art field in Artificial Intelligence studies, which is popular due to the usefulness in facilitation capabilities to handle real-world problem-solving in a distributed fashion. The area covers many techniques that offer solutions to emerging problems in robotics and enterprise-level software systems. Collaborative intelligence is highly and effectively achieved with multi-agent systems. Areas of application include swarms of robots, flocks of UAVs, collaborative software management. Given the level of technological enhancements, the popularity of machine learning in use has opened a new chapter in multi-agent studies alongside the practical challenges and long-lasting collaboration issues in the field. It has increased the urgency and the need for further studies in this field. We welcome chapters presenting research on the many applications of multi-agent studies including, but not limited to, the following key areas: machine learning for multi-agent systems; modeling swarms robots and flocks of UAVs with multi-agent systems; decision science and multi-agent systems; software engineering for and with multi-agent systems; tools and technologies of multi-agent systems.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/27.jpg",keywords:"Collaborative Intelligence, Learning, Distributed Control System, Swarm Robotics, Decision Science, Software Engineering"}],annualVolumeBook:{},thematicCollection:[],selectedSeries:{title:"Artificial Intelligence",id:"14"},selectedSubseries:null},seriesLanding:{item:{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",issn:"2631-5343",scope:"Biomedical Engineering is one of the fastest-growing interdisciplinary branches of science and industry. The combination of electronics and computer science with biology and medicine has improved patient diagnosis, reduced rehabilitation time, and helped to facilitate a better quality of life. Nowadays, all medical imaging devices, medical instruments, or new laboratory techniques result from the cooperation of specialists in various fields. The series of Biomedical Engineering books covers such areas of knowledge as chemistry, physics, electronics, medicine, and biology. This series is intended for doctors, engineers, and scientists involved in biomedical engineering or those wanting to start working in this field.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/7.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"May 7th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfPublishedChapters:96,numberOfPublishedBooks:12,editor:{id:"50150",title:"Prof.",name:"Robert",middleName:null,surname:"Koprowski",fullName:"Robert Koprowski",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYTYNQA4/Profile_Picture_1630478535317",biography:"Robert Koprowski, MD (1997), PhD (2003), Habilitation (2015), is an employee of the University of Silesia, Poland, Institute of Computer Science, Department of Biomedical Computer Systems. For 20 years, he has studied the analysis and processing of biomedical images, emphasizing the full automation of measurement for a large inter-individual variability of patients. Dr. Koprowski has authored more than a hundred research papers with dozens in impact factor (IF) journals and has authored or co-authored six books. Additionally, he is the author of several national and international patents in the field of biomedical devices and imaging. Since 2011, he has been a reviewer of grants and projects (including EU projects) in biomedical engineering.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Silesia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}},subseries:[{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics",keywords:"Biomedical Data, Drug Discovery, Clinical Diagnostics, Decoding Human Genome, AI in Personalized Medicine, Disease-prevention Strategies, Big Data Analysis in Medicine",scope:"Bioinformatics aims to help understand the functioning of the mechanisms of living organisms through the construction and use of quantitative tools. The applications of this research cover many related fields, such as biotechnology and medicine, where, for example, Bioinformatics contributes to faster drug design, DNA analysis in forensics, and DNA sequence analysis in the field of personalized medicine. Personalized medicine is a type of medical care in which treatment is customized individually for each patient. Personalized medicine enables more effective therapy, reduces the costs of therapy and clinical trials, and also minimizes the risk of side effects. Nevertheless, advances in personalized medicine would not have been possible without bioinformatics, which can analyze the human genome and other vast amounts of biomedical data, especially in genetics. The rapid growth of information technology enabled the development of new tools to decode human genomes, large-scale studies of genetic variations and medical informatics. The considerable development of technology, including the computing power of computers, is also conducive to the development of bioinformatics, including personalized medicine. In an era of rapidly growing data volumes and ever lower costs of generating, storing and computing data, personalized medicine holds great promises. Modern computational methods used as bioinformatics tools can integrate multi-scale, multi-modal and longitudinal patient data to create even more effective and safer therapy and disease prevention methods. Main aspects of the topic are: Applying bioinformatics in drug discovery and development; Bioinformatics in clinical diagnostics (genetic variants that act as markers for a condition or a disease); Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning in personalized medicine; Customize disease-prevention strategies in personalized medicine; Big data analysis in personalized medicine; Translating stratification algorithms into clinical practice of personalized medicine.",annualVolume:11403,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/7.jpg",editor:{id:"351533",title:"Dr.",name:"Slawomir",middleName:null,surname:"Wilczynski",fullName:"Slawomir Wilczynski",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000035U1loQAC/Profile_Picture_1630074514792",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Medical University of Silesia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"5886",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexandros",middleName:"T.",surname:"Tzallas",fullName:"Alexandros Tzallas",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/5886/images/system/5886.png",institutionString:"University of Ioannina, Greece & Imperial College London",institution:{name:"University of Ioannina",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Greece"}}},{id:"257388",title:"Distinguished Prof.",name:"Lulu",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Lulu Wang",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRX6kQAG/Profile_Picture_1630329584194",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Shenzhen Technology University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"225387",title:"Prof.",name:"Reda",middleName:"R.",surname:"Gharieb",fullName:"Reda Gharieb",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/225387/images/system/225387.jpg",institutionString:"Assiut University",institution:{name:"Assiut University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}]},{id:"8",title:"Bioinspired Technology and Biomechanics",keywords:"Bioinspired Systems, Biomechanics, Assistive Technology, Rehabilitation",scope:'Bioinspired technologies take advantage of understanding the actual biological system to provide solutions to problems in several areas. Recently, bioinspired systems have been successfully employing biomechanics to develop and improve assistive technology and rehabilitation devices. The research topic "Bioinspired Technology and Biomechanics" welcomes studies reporting recent advances in bioinspired technologies that contribute to individuals\' health, inclusion, and rehabilitation. Possible contributions can address (but are not limited to) the following research topics: Bioinspired design and control of exoskeletons, orthoses, and prostheses; Experimental evaluation of the effect of assistive devices (e.g., influence on gait, balance, and neuromuscular system); Bioinspired technologies for rehabilitation, including clinical studies reporting evaluations; Application of neuromuscular and biomechanical models to the development of bioinspired technology.',annualVolume:11404,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/8.jpg",editor:{id:"144937",title:"Prof.",name:"Adriano",middleName:"De Oliveira",surname:"Andrade",fullName:"Adriano Andrade",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRC8QQAW/Profile_Picture_1625219101815",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Federal University of Uberlândia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"49517",title:"Prof.",name:"Hitoshi",middleName:null,surname:"Tsunashima",fullName:"Hitoshi Tsunashima",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYTP4QAO/Profile_Picture_1625819726528",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Nihon University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},{id:"425354",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcus",middleName:"Fraga",surname:"Vieira",fullName:"Marcus Vieira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00003BJSgIQAX/Profile_Picture_1627904687309",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Goiás",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"196746",title:"Dr.",name:"Ramana",middleName:null,surname:"Vinjamuri",fullName:"Ramana Vinjamuri",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/196746/images/system/196746.jpeg",institutionString:"University of Maryland, Baltimore County",institution:{name:"University of Maryland, Baltimore County",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}]},{id:"9",title:"Biotechnology - Biosensors, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering",keywords:"Biotechnology, Biosensors, Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering",scope:"The Biotechnology - Biosensors, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering topic within the Biomedical Engineering Series aims to rapidly publish contributions on all aspects of biotechnology, biosensors, biomaterial and tissue engineering. We encourage the submission of manuscripts that provide novel and mechanistic insights that report significant advances in the fields. Topics can include but are not limited to: Biotechnology such as biotechnological products and process engineering; Biotechnologically relevant enzymes and proteins; Bioenergy and biofuels; Applied genetics and molecular biotechnology; Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics; Applied microbial and cell physiology; Environmental biotechnology; Methods and protocols. Moreover, topics in biosensor technology, like sensors that incorporate enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, whole cells, tissues and organelles, and other biological or biologically inspired components will be considered, and topics exploring transducers, including those based on electrochemical and optical piezoelectric, thermal, magnetic, and micromechanical elements. Chapters exploring biomaterial approaches such as polymer synthesis and characterization, drug and gene vector design, biocompatibility, immunology and toxicology, and self-assembly at the nanoscale, are welcome. Finally, the tissue engineering subcategory will support topics such as the fundamentals of stem cells and progenitor cells and their proliferation, differentiation, bioreactors for three-dimensional culture and studies of phenotypic changes, stem and progenitor cells, both short and long term, ex vivo and in vivo implantation both in preclinical models and also in clinical trials.",annualVolume:11405,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/9.jpg",editor:{id:"126286",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis",middleName:"Jesús",surname:"Villarreal-Gómez",fullName:"Luis Villarreal-Gómez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/126286/images/system/126286.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Baja California",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"35539",title:"Dr.",name:"Cecilia",middleName:null,surname:"Cristea",fullName:"Cecilia Cristea",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYQ65QAG/Profile_Picture_1621007741527",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"40735",title:"Dr.",name:"Gil",middleName:"Alberto Batista",surname:"Gonçalves",fullName:"Gil Gonçalves",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYRLGQA4/Profile_Picture_1628492612759",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Aveiro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"211725",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Johann F.",middleName:null,surname:"Osma",fullName:"Johann F. Osma",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSDv7QAG/Profile_Picture_1626602531691",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidad de Los Andes",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Colombia"}}},{id:"69697",title:"Dr.",name:"Mani T.",middleName:null,surname:"Valarmathi",fullName:"Mani T. Valarmathi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/69697/images/system/69697.jpg",institutionString:"Religen Inc. | A Life Science Company, United States of America",institution:null},{id:"205081",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco",middleName:"Vinícius",surname:"Chaud",fullName:"Marco Chaud",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSDGeQAO/Profile_Picture_1622624307737",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade de Sorocaba",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}}]}]}},libraryRecommendation:{success:null,errors:{},institutions:[]},route:{name:"chapter.detail",path:"/chapters/19989",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"19989"},fullPath:"/chapters/19989",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()