Brief history of hybrid rice.
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Barely three months into the new year and we are happy to announce a monumental milestone reached - 150 million downloads.
\n\nThis achievement solidifies IntechOpen’s place as a pioneer in Open Access publishing and the home to some of the most relevant scientific research available through Open Access.
\n\nWe are so proud to have worked with so many bright minds throughout the years who have helped us spread knowledge through the power of Open Access and we look forward to continuing to support some of the greatest thinkers of our day.
\n\nThank you for making IntechOpen your place of learning, sharing, and discovery, and here’s to 150 million more!
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The book is comprised of 30 chapters divided into 5 parts, which include: winds, building and risk prevention; multiphase flow, structures and gases; heat transfer, combustion and energy; medical and biomechanical applications; and other important themes. This book also provides a comprehensive overview of computational fluid dynamics and applications, without excluding experimental and theoretical aspects.",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-51-0052-2",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-5650-5",doi:"10.5772/2403",price:159,priceEur:175,priceUsd:205,slug:"fluid-dynamics-computational-modeling-and-applications",numberOfPages:662,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:null,isInBkci:!1,hash:"e7f43d55285a6a3447c62c066f072e8b",bookSignature:"L. 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Hector Juarez received his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Houston (USA), in 1996. He also was a postdoctoral fellow and assistant visiting professor of the same institution during the period 1999-2002. Since 2002 he is full professor of applied mathematics at the Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I) in Mexico City, and currently is a Fellow of the National Research System in Mexico, level 2. He has participated in numerous research projects and published several research articles, reports, conference proceedings and book chapters, mainly in CFD, numerical solution of PDE, mathematical modeling and computer simulation. He has been supervisor of several graduate students, and has participated in numerous academic committees. It has also helped organize numerous national and international meetings in Mexico, and he has participated in many others abroad. 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Toxicology is “the study of the occurrence, properties, detection, adverse effects, and regulation of biological, chemical or physical agents on living organisms.” Modern toxicology focuses on the adverse effects of toxic substances (including toxins, venoms, and toxicants) at molecular level [1, 2].
Since toxicology is a multidisciplinary science, the contributions and activities of toxicologists are widespread and diverse. Toxicologists are mainly concerned with the mechanisms of action of different agents as, we now know, all agents can lead to toxicity due to the exposure period and dose. However, for even the most known and oldest agents, the pathways or endogenous molecules they affect to create toxicity are still being investigated by scientists. As toxicologists, we also contribute to other scientific areas including medicine, physiology, and pharmacology while we receive the help from several branches of science. Toxicologists mainly recognize, identify, and quantify the hazards of foods, pharmaceuticals, workplace chemicals, household products, cosmetics, and personal care products along with toxins and venoms. Furthermore, toxicologists who work as members of academic, industrial, and governmental organizations can also develop the standards and regulations in order to protect human and animal health as well as the environment from the adverse effects of microorganisms, chemicals, or physical agents. In the modern era, toxicologists share methodologies and scientific knowledge to obtain accurate data about the unwanted effects of different agents [1, 3, 4].
Poison is any substance that leads to harmful effect/s to a living organism when taken by any route, either by accident or design. The history of poisons and poisoners has a long record dating back to the ancient times. In Homer’s
Paracelsus (1493–1541), the “Father of Toxicology,” was a physician-alchemist. He formulated many revolutionary ideas that form the basic structure of toxicology, pharmacology, and medicine today. The scientist indicated “
There is a certain difference between “a toxicant” and “a toxin” and they are not used as synonyms. Many people do not clearly know the difference and instead they refer every harmful substance as “a toxin.” Toxicants are synthetic, human-made, and toxic chemicals which are capable of causing deleterious effects on living organisms. Toxicants are significantly different from toxins not only because of their synthetic origins but also because of their production volumes and masses, distribution processes, and structural heterogeneity. They can be present in houses, workplaces, living organisms, and environment. On the other hand, toxins are small molecules, peptides, or proteins that are produced by living organisms. In general, toxins are metabolic products, which are parts of the defense mechanisms of animals, plants, insects, microbes, etc. against other living forms. The term “biotoxin” is occasionally used to explicitly confirm the biological origin. The organisms produce them in order to predate or repel (such as in the snake, scorpion, spider, jellyfish, and wasp toxins) or defense (honeybee, bee, ant, wasp, termite, and dart frog toxins) [6, 7].
The action of toxins has long been recognized and understood throughout human history. Toxins from plants are associated with murder, assassination, and suicide. The deaths of several famous historical figures have directly or indirectly involved toxins from poisonous plants. Socrates was forced suicide with a toxic alkaloid from poison hemlock (
A common characteristic of natural toxins is to cause deleterious effects with small quantities on the metabolic and physiologic functions of a living organism. Toxins usually interact with biological macromolecules like enzymes or with cellular receptors. Toxins vary greatly in structure. Moreover, their harmful effects can range from minor (such as a bee sting) to almost immediately deadly (such as botulinum toxin). A systemic toxin affects the entire body or many organs rather than a specific site. An organ toxin affects only specific tissues or organs [10].
A “venom” is a secretion of an animal (like snake, spider, and scorpion) that contains one or more toxins. Venoms usually are classified into four major groups according to their mechanisms of action: (i)
Medical toxicology is a subbranch of toxicology, which is concerned with providing the diagnosis, management, and prevention of poisoning and other adverse effects of drugs, cosmetics, personal care products, occupational and environmental toxicants, and biological agents. Medical toxicology mainly deals with the prognostic indicators of poisoning severity and predictors for the treatment. For practical reasons, much of this work has been retrospective in nature; however, it has resulted in significant aids to guide the treatment rendered by clinical toxicologists. Medical toxicologists are involved in the assessment and treatment of a wide variety of problems, including acute or chronic poisoning, substance abuse, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), drug overdoses, envenomations, industrial accidents, and other chemical exposures. Generally, physicians who are specialized in emergency medicine, poison management, and pediatrics can become medical toxicologists. Medical toxicologists work on finding new and effective antidotes and treatments in order to prevent poisonings and xenobiotic injuries. Medical toxicology is closely related to clinical toxicology, with the latter discipline encompassing nonphysicians (generally pharmacists) as well [13, 14, 15, 16].
Poisoning is a significant global public health problem. Childhood poisonings were recognized as a significant component of pediatric practice and patient morbidity in the 1930. However, little information was present on the toxicity of household products and management recommendations at that time. A Duke University pediatrician, Jay Arena, tried to systematically collect, analyze, and distribute the clinical information to physicians about childhood poisonings. In a case series, the researcher described the clinical outcome of 50 lye-poisoning cases. This was one of the first reports on the hazards of household products to children [17].
Medical toxicology has been improved by the evolution of poison control centers. Poison control centers were established to provide drug and chemical toxicity information and patient management guidance to physicians. These services were expanded to handle telephone calls from laypersons in the 1960s. Arising out of a growing concern over the rising incidence of poisoning worldwide, coupled with a lack of public awareness about its seriousness, poison control centers mainly serve for the public in order to direct information to patients and health-care professionals today. A poison control center is usually managed by a medical toxicologist who specializes in poisonings. These centers also recruit educators for poison prevention programs and provide education activities for health-care personnel and poison prevention organizations [18, 19, 20].
In 2017, 84% of poison exposures reported to US poison centers were nontoxic, minimally toxic, or had at most a minor effect. Intentional exposures were significantly more serious, with a 30-fold greater percentage of serious outcomes (major or fatal effects) compared to unintentional exposures. Exposures in teens and adults were also considerably more serious, with 19.09% of teens and 17.91% of adults having a moderate, major, or fatal effect compared to 1.10% of children younger than 6 years. In 2018, 12.1% of poisonings in the USA arose from cosmetics/personal care products, while cleaning substances (household) and analgesics caused 10.7% and 9.0% of the poisonings, respectively. In the same year, analgesics were responsible for 10.9% of all drug poisonings followed by sedatives/hypnotics/antipsychotics (9.3%), antidepressants (7.3%), and cardiovascular drugs (6.5%) [21]. According to data obtained from World Health Organization (WHO), unintentional poisonings claimed the lives of an estimated 193,460 people worldwide in 2012, and the majority of the deaths (84%) were in low- and middle-income countries. Suicide causes the loss of a million people each year and environmental chemicals such as pesticides lead to a significant number deaths annually. It is estimated that deliberate ingestion of pesticides causes 370,000 deaths each year. The problem is getting worse with time as newer drugs and chemicals are developed in vast numbers. On the other hand, snakebites are a largely underappreciated public health problem in many countries and they lead to significant challenges for medical care. While reliable data are hard to obtain, WHO estimated that about 5 million snakebites and 2.5 million envenomings occur each year. As antivenoms are not present in many parts of the world, snake venoms cause at least 100,000 deaths, 300,000 amputations, and many permanent disabilities [22].
Poisoning due to accidental or deliberate ingestion or inhalation of drugs or chemicals is a common, acute medical emergency. For a seriously poisoned patient, a hospital emergency room serves as the initial phase of treatment. For optimal care and treatment of a poisoned patient, clinical toxicologists usually recommend a methodically executed and stepwise approach. The six main steps of the initial clinical encounter for a poisoned patient are: (i) stabilization, (ii) clinical evaluation, (iii) prevention of absorption, (iv) enhancement of elimination, (v) administration of antidote, and (vi) supportive care and clinical follow-up [23, 24, 25, 26].
An antidote is a substance that can counteract a form of poisoning. There is relatively small number of specific antidotes available for clinical use as it is difficult to develop a specific antidote and the market is very narrow. Furthermore, performing clinical trials in overdose patients have also practical difficulties. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) forces drug companies to develop antidotes through the Orphan Drug Act, there is still need for safer and more specific antidotes today as many antidotes in use have a relatively low margin of safety or therapeutic index [27].
Antidotes have various modes of actions. Some are competitive receptor antagonists (e.g., naloxone, and flumazenil), while some are competitive receptor agonists (e.g., adrenaline and physostigmine). Some antidotes act as competitive enzyme antagonists (e.g., ethanol). Some act as chelating agents and they are mostly used against intoxication with metals [British anti-Lewisite (BAL) and succimer for lead, desferrioxamine for iron, cobalt edetate for cyanide, and calcium for fluoride]. Some antidotes reverse toxic effects on target molecules (glucagon and octreotide), while some use physiological antagonism (benzodiazepines). In some cases, antidotes pharmacologically antagonize the effects of the toxin/toxicant. Antidotes that bind to venoms or toxins are called “antivenoms.” The antidote can also facilitate the body clearance of the toxin/toxicant and it is possible for certain chemicals to exert their antidote effects by chemically reacting with biological systems in order to increase the detoxifying capacity for the toxin/toxicant. In order to optimize the treatment of the poisoned patient, medical toxicologists must have detailed knowledge on the therapeutic use of antidotes and when to use them [28, 29].
Medical toxicology is an important field of medicine dedicated to the evaluation and treatment of poisoned and envenomated patients. Medical toxicologists mainly investigate the adverse health effects of medications, occupational and environmental toxins, and biological agents and specialize in the preventing, evaluating, treating, and monitoring an injury or illness from toxic exposure. Medical toxicologists can work in a variety of settings including emergency departments, inpatient units, outpatient clinics, occupational health settings, national and regional poison control centers, academic institutions, industry, commerce, governmental agencies, and clinical and forensic laboratories to serve for public health. Medical toxicology will a more important area of toxicology in the future, as FDA has approved 20–25 new drugs per year in the past two decades and annual approvals in the past 5 years have been in the range of 40–50 new drugs, except for a dip in 2016. Moreover, thousands of chemicals, household products, and cosmetics are introduced to the market every year. Newer, safer, and more effective antidotes should be available. Therefore, medical toxicologists should also put effort on finding antidotes for both old and new drugs as well as for environmental chemicals, toxins, and venoms. Poison control centers should also be more active and effective, particularly in developing countries, in order to reduce emergency hospitalizations and increase the quality of life.
Rice (
Subsequently, relatively heterotical hybrid rice (HR) breeding approaches were adopted, such as two-line system and super hybrids, which complemented Chinese food security and liveling standards significantly in India. In 1989, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) launched a special goal-oriented and time-bound project for rice called “Promotion of Research and Development Efforts on Hybrids in Selected Crops,” which included 12 network centres. Around four years of intensive research (1989–1993) paid off handsomely, and India became the second country after China to grow and commercialize hybrid rice. APRRI, Maruteru, launched the first hybrid variety APRH-1 in 1993–1994 for Andhra Pradesh. So far, 117 rice hybrids (36 from public organization and 81 from private sector) have been produced, with duration ranging from 115 to 150 days and a total area of 3.0 mha, accounting for 7.0 percent of India’s total rice acreage [4]. As a result, breeding for consumer-favored grain qualities has become a major target for breeding programs all over the world. Grain quality must be clearly identified and the genes underlying their regulation deciphered before it is possible to breeder for fastidious customer preference. Rice is a staple food crop that accounts for more than a fifth of all calories consumed by humans [5]. Since rice is the most common cereal crop in most Asian countries and is the staple food for more than half of the world’s population, even a small increase in rice grain micronutrient content could have a major effect on human health. Hybrid rice is the product of a cross between two rice parents with genetically different traits. When the right parents are chosen, the hybrid can outperform both parents in terms of vigor and yield. Higher yields, increased vigor, and increased resistance to diseases and insect resistance are all advantages of hybrid rice [6].
Rice is the predominant crop in India and is the staple food in eastern and southern Indian populations. One of the oldest grown crops is rice. The two cultivated species of rice are (i)
S.No. | Year | Remarks |
---|---|---|
1 | 1926 | Heterosis in rice reported |
2 | 1964 | China started hybrid rice research |
3 | 1970 | China discovered a commercially usable genetic tool for hybrid rice (male sterility in a wild rice = Wild Abortive) |
4 | 1973 | PTGMS rice was found in China |
5 | 1974 | First commercial three-line rice hybrid released in China |
6 | 1976 | Large scale hybrid rice commercialization began in China |
7 | 1979 | IRRI revived research on hybrid rice |
8 | 1981 | PTGMS rice genetics and application was confirmed |
9 | 1982 | Yield superiority of rice hybrids in the tropics confirmed (IRRI) |
10 | 1990s | - India and Vietnam started hybrid rice programs with IRRI |
11 | 1991 | More than 50% of China rice land planted to hybrids |
12 | 1994 | First commercial two-line rice hybrid released in China |
13 | 1994–1998 | Commercial rice hybrids released in India, Philippines Vietnam |
Brief history of hybrid rice.
Germplasm, parents and hybrids are being developed through new breeding and seed technology by researcher. Currently scientists are working for the hybrids rice production with the Collaboration of NARS and private sectors.
The genus Oryza contains tweny valid species, two of which are cultivated, namely
Botanical Name | Chromosome No. | Genome | Origin |
---|---|---|---|
24 | AA | Asia | |
24 | AA | Asia | |
24 | - Australia | ||
24 | AA | Africa | |
24 | AA | Asia | |
24 | America | ||
48 | CCDD | America | |
24 | AA | Africa | |
24 | AA | Africa | |
24 | EE | Australia | |
48 | CCDD | America | |
48 | CCDD | America | |
24, 48 | CC, BBCC | Africa | |
48 | BBCC | Asia | |
48 | BBCC | Asia | |
24 | CC | Asia | |
24 | Asia | ||
24 | Asia | ||
48 | Asia | ||
48 | New Guninea | ||
24 | FF | Africa | |
New Guninea |
Wild species of Rice.
For breeding technique, there are three approaches (1) the three-line method also known as CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility) system (2) the two-line method also known as the PTGMS (photo/temperature sensitive genic male sterility) system and (3) the one-line method, also known as the apomixis system. Inter-varietal hybrids, Inter-sub-specific hybrids and inter-specific or intergeneric hybrids are three ways to increase the degree of heterosis (Table 3).
The two-line hybrid rice research began in China and was successfully scaled up in 1995. The thermo-sensitive male sterile lines (TGMS) lines are those whose sterility expression is regulated by temperature, whereas photoperiod-sensitive male sterile (PGMS) lines are those whose expression is controlled by day-length duration. Backcrossing has successfully transferred the PGMS trait to many
Sl. No. | Rice Hybrids | Year of Release | Duration | Developed by | Recommended for |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | DRRH- 3 | 2010 | 131 | DRR, Hyderabad | Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh |
2 | US - 312 | 2010 | 125–130 | Seed Works International, Hyderabad. | Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal. |
3 | CRHR-32 | 2010 | 125 | CRRI, Cuttack, Odisha | Bihar, Gujarat. |
4 | INDAM 200–017 (IET 20419) | 2011 | 120–125 | Indo-American seeds, Hyderabad | Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh. |
5 | 27P11 | 2011 | 115–120 | PHI Seeds (P) Ltd. | Karnataka, Maharashtra. |
6 | VNR 2245 (VNR-204) | 2011 | 90–95 | VNR Seeds Pvt. Ltd., Raipur | Chhattisgarh, Tamil Nadu. |
7 | VNR 2245 (VNR-202) | 2011 | 100–105 | VNR Seeds Pvt. Ltd., Raipur | Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. |
8 | Shyadri-5 (Hybrid) | 2011 | 110–115 | RARS, Karjat (BSKKV) | Konkan Region of Maharashtra. |
9 | CO (R) H-4 | 2011 | 130–135 | TNAU, Coimbatore | Tamil Nadu. |
10 | Hybrid CO 4 | 2012 | 130–135 | TNAU, Coimbatore | Tamil Nadu. |
11 | US 382 | 2012 | 125–130 | Seed Works International Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad | Tripura, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka. |
12 | 27P31 | 2012 | 125–130 | PHI Seeds Pvt. Ltd. Hyderabad | Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh. |
13 | 27P61 | 2012 | 132 | PHI Seeds Pvt. Ltd. Hyderabad | Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu. |
14 | 25P25 | 2012 | 110 | PHI Seeds Pvt. Ltd. Hyderabad | Uttarakhand, Jharkhand, Karnataka. |
15 | Arize Tej (HRI 169) | 2012 | 125 | Bayer Bio Science Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad | Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu. |
16 | PNPH 24 | 2012 | 120–130 | Nuziveedu Seeds Limited, A.P. | Bihar, West Bengal, Odisha. |
17 | PNPH 924–1 | 2012 | 125–135 | Nuziveedu Seeds Limited, A.P. | West Bengal, Assam |
18 | NK 5251 | 2012 | NA | NA | Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat. |
19 | VNR 2245 | 2012 | 120–125 | VNR Seeds Pvt. Ltd., Raipur | Chhattisgarh, Tamil Nadu. |
20 | VNR 2355 Plus | 2012 | 130–135 | VNR Seeds Pvt. Ltd., Raipur | Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. |
21 | CR Dhan 701 | 2012 | 140–145 | NA | Bihar, Gujarat. |
22 | JKRH 3333 | 2013 | 135–140 | JK Agri Genetics Ltd., Hyderabad- 16. | West Bengal, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh. |
23 | RH- 1531 | 2013 | 118–125 | Devgen Seeds & Crop Technology, Hyderabad | Major Hybrid rice growing regions (Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra). |
24 | CO 4 (IET 21449) | 2013 | NA | TNAU, Coimbatore | Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal. |
25 | Arize Dhani | 2013 | NA | Bayer Bio-Science, Hyderabad | Odisha. |
26 | 27P52 | 2013 | NA | PHI Seeds Pvt. Ltd. Hyderabad- 82. | Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Odisha, Uttarakhand. |
27 | 27P63 | 2013 | NA | PHI Seeds Pvt. Ltd. Hyderabad- 82. | Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh. |
28 | KPH - 199 | 2013 | NA | Kaveri Seed Company Limited, Secunderabad | Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh. |
29 | KPH - 371 | 2013 | NA | Kaveri Seed Company Limited, Secunderabad | Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala. |
30 | VNR 2375 PLUS | 2013 | NA | VNR Seeds Pvt. Ltd., Raipur | Bihar, Karnataka, Punjab, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand. |
31 | US 305 | 2013 | NA | Seed Works International Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad | Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra. |
32 | US 314 | 2013 | NA | Seed Works International Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad | Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Uttarakhand. |
33 | Ankur 7434 | 2014 | NA | Ankur seed Pvt. Ltd. | Chhattisgarh. |
34 | PAC 807 | 2014 | NA | Advanta India Ltd. Hyderabad | Chhattisgarh. |
35 | PAC 801 | 2014 | NA | Advanta India Ltd. Hyderabad | Uttar Pradesh. |
36 | CSR 43 | 2014 | NA | — | Uttar Pradesh. |
37 | JKRH-401 | 2014 | NA | JK Agri Genetics Ltd., Hyderabad- 16. | Uttar Pradesh. |
38 | Arize 6444 Gold | 2015 | 130–135 | Bayer Crop Science, Hyderabad | Assam, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar Meghalaya, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu. |
39 | SAVA 127 | 2015 | 115–120 | Savannah seed Pvt. Ltd. | Uttar Pradesh. |
40 | Arize Tej (HRI 169) | 2015 | 120 | Bayer Crop Science, Hyderabad | Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Jharkhand. |
41 | 27P31 | 2015 | NA | PHI Seeds Pvt. Ltd. Hyderabad- 82. | Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha. |
42 | PAC 801 | 2015 | NA | Advanta India Ltd., Hyderabad | Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand. |
43 | NK 16520 | 2016 | 132 | Syngenta India Ltd., Secundrabad | Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Telangana. |
44 | KPH 467 | 2016 | 126 | Kaveri Seed Company Limited | Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra. |
45 | KPH 272 | 2016 | 126 | Kaveri Seed Company Limited | Telangana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu. |
46 | 37P22 | 2017 | 126 | PHI Seeds Pvt. Ltd. Hyderabad | Punjab, Haryana. |
47 | GK 5022 | 2017 | 123 (Aerobic) | Ganga Kaveri Seeds Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad | Bihar, Chhattisgarh. |
48 | 27P36 | 2017 | NA | PHI Seeds Pvt. Ltd. Hyderabad | Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand. |
49 | NPH 8899 | 2017 | 168 (Boro) | Kaveri Seed Company Limited | Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Assam. |
List of hybrid Rice released/notified in India during 2010–2017.
NA = Not available.
Source: [11].
Sl. No. | Variety | Ecology | Year of release | Duration | Grain type | Recommended for |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Phalguni | Irrigated | 2010 | 117 | LS | Odisha |
2 | Reeta (CR Dhan 401) | Shallow low land | 2010 | 150 | MS | Odisha |
3 | Luna Suvarna (CR Dhan 403) | Coastal Saline | 2010 | 150 | MS | Odisha |
4 | Luna Sampad (CR Dhan 402) | Coastal Saline | 2010 | 140 | SB | Odisha |
5 | Nua Chinikamini (Aromatic) | Shallow low land | 2010 | 145–150 | SB | Odisha |
6 | CR Dhan 501 | Semi-deep | 2010 | 152 | LB | UP, Assam |
7 | CR Dhan 701 | Shallow low land | 2010 | 142 | MS | Bihar, Gujarat, Odisha |
8 | CR Dhan 601 | Boro | 2010 | 160 | MS | Orissa, WB and Assam |
9 | CR Dhan 500 | Deep Water | 2011 | 160 | MS | Odisha, UP |
10 | Satyabhama (CR Dhan 100) | Upland | 2012 | 110 | MS | Odisha |
11 | Pyari (CR Dhan 200) | Aerobic | 2012 | 115–120 | SB | Odisha |
12 | Hue (CR Dhan 301) | Irrigated | 2012 | 135 | LS | Odisha |
13 | Improved Lalat | Irrigated | 2012 | 130 | LS | Odisha |
14 | Improved Tapaswini | Irrigated | 2012 | 130 | SB | Odisha |
15 | Sumit (CR Dhan 404) | Shallow lowlands | 2012 | 145 | LB | Odisha |
16 | Poorna Bhog (CR Dhan 902) | Shallow lowlands | 2012 | 140 | LS | Odisha |
17 | Jalamani (CR Dhan 503) | Deep Water | 2012 | 160 | MS | Odisha |
18 | Jayanti Dhan (CR Dhan 502) | Deep Water | 2012 | 160 | MS | Odisha |
19 | Luna Barial (CR Dhan 406) | Coastal Saline | 2012 | 150 | SB | Odisha |
20 | Luna Sankhi (CR Dhan 405) | Coastal Saline | 2012 | 110 | MS | Odisha |
21 | CR Dhan 907 (Aromatic) | Irrigated Late | 2013 | 150 | MS | Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat |
22 | CR Dhan 300 | Irrigated | 2013 | 140 | LS | Maharashtra Gujarat Odisha, Bhar |
23 | CR Dhan 303 | Irrigated | 2014 | 125 | SB | MP, UP, Odisha |
24 | CR Dhan 305 | Irrigated | 2014 | 125 | SB | Jharkhand, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh |
25 | CR Dhan 304 | Irrigated | 2014 | 130 | SB | Odisha and West Bengal |
26 | CR Dhan 201 | Aerobic | 2014 | 118 | LS | Chhattisgarh and Bihar |
27 | CR Dhan 202 | Aerobic | 2014 | 115 | LB | Jharkhand and Odisha |
28 | CR Dhan 407 | Rainfed shallow lowland | 2014 | 150 | LB | Odisha and West Bengal |
29 | CR Dhan 505 | Deep water | 2014 | 162 | MS | Odisha and Assam |
30 | CR Dhan 204 | Aerobic | 2014 | 120 | LB | Jharkhand and Tamil Nadu |
31 | CR Dhan 306 (IET 22084) | Irrigated | 2014 | 120–125 | SB | Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Puducherry |
32 | CR Dhan 205 (IET 22737) | Aerobic | 2014 | 110 | SB | Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab |
33 | CR Dhan 101 (Ankit) | Upland | 2014 | 110 | MS | Odisha |
34 | CR Dhan 203 (Sachala) | Aerobic | 2014 | 110 | LS | Odisha |
35 | CR Dhan 206 (Gopinath) | Aerobic | 2014 | 115 | SB | Odisha |
36 | CR Dhan 307 (Maudamani) | Irrigated | 2014 | 135 | SB | Odisha |
37 | CR Dhan 408 (Chaka Akhi) | Shallow lowland | 2014 | 165 PS | LB | Odisha |
38 | CR Dhan 310 | Irrigated | 2015 | 125 | MS | Odisha, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. |
39 | CR Dhan 207 (Srimati) | Aerobic | 2016 | 110–115 | MS | Odisha |
40 | CR Dhan 209 (Priya) | Aerobic | 2016 | 112–115 | LS | Odisha |
41 | CR Dhan 409 (Pradhan Dhan) | Semi-deep | 2016 | 160–165 | LS | Odisha |
42 | CR Dhan 507 (Prasant) | Deep Water | 2016 | 160 | MS | Odisha |
43 | CR Dhan 800 | Shallow lowland | 2016 | 140 | MS | Odisha |
44 | CR Sugandh Dhan 910 (Aromatic) | Irrigated Late | 2016 | 142–145 | MS | Odisha |
45 | CR Dhan 311 (Mukul) | Irrigated | 2016 | 120–126 | LB | Odisha |
46 | CR Dhan 508 | Deep Water | 2017 | 187 | LB | Odisha, West Bengal, Assam |
47 | CR Dhan 506 | Semi-deep | 2017 | 165 | MS | Assam, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. |
48 | CR Sugandh Dhan 908 (Aromatic) | Irrigated Late | 2017 | 145 | MS | Odisha, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh |
49 | CR Sugandh Dhan 909 (Aromatic) | Irrigated Late | 2017 | 140 | MS | Assam, Bihar, UP, Maharashtra |
50 | Gangavati Ageti (Aromatic) | Upland | 2017 | 85 | LS | Karnataka |
51 | Purna | Upland | 2017 | 90 | SB | Gujarat |
52 | CR Dhan 309 | Irrigated | 2019 | 115 | LS | Assam, Chhatisgarh, Uttar Pradesh |
53 | CR Dhan 801 | Shallow lowland(for submergence and drought prone areas) | 2019 | 140 | SB | AP, Telengana, Odisha, UP and WB |
54 | CR Dhan 802 (Subhas) | Shallow lowland(for submergence and drought prone areas) | 2019 | 142 | SB | Bihar, Madhya Pradesh |
55 | CR Dhan 510 | Semi-deep | 2019 | 160 | SB | WB and Odisha |
56 | CR Dhan 511 | Semi-deep | 2019 | 160 | SB | West Bengal, Odisha |
57 | CR Dhan 312 | Irrigated | 2019 | 135–140 | MS | Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh |
58 | CR Dhan 102 (Santha Bhima) | Upland | 2019 | 105–110 | SB | Odisha |
59 | CR Dhan 210 (Sarumina) | Aerobic | 2019 | 110–115 | LS | Odisha |
60 | CR Dhan 410 (Mahamani) | Rainfed shallow lowlands | 2019 | 160–165 | LS | Odisha |
The role of rice cytoplasm in male sterility was first discovered in 1954 [16]. They studied cytoplasmic differences among rice varieties in 1965 and formed a male sterile line for the first time by transferring the nuclear genotype of rice cultivar Fujisaka [17]. However, due to its instability, poor plant form and photoperiod sensitivity, this cytoplasm male sterility (CMS) line could not be used to breed rice. Yuan Long Ping proposed the concept of using heterosis in rice in 1964, and for the first time in China, hybrid rice research was started. The discovery of WA, a nationwide cooperative program was immediately established to extensively testcross with the WA and screen for its maintainers and restorers. Soon in 1972, the first group of CMS lines such as Erjiunan 1A, Zhenshan 97A and V20A were developed all using WA as the donor of male sterile genes and all using successive backcrossing method. In 1973, the first group of restorer lines such as Taiyin 1, IR24 and IR661 were screened using direct test crossing system. Nanyou 2 and Nanyou 3 hybrids with high heterosis were published in 1974 [18, 19, 20]. In another word, the discovery of WA led to successful breakthrough in hybrid rice production, resulting in the establishment of three-line hybrid rice system. As a result, China became the first country in the world to commercialize hybrid rice for food production. For commercial rice hybrids processing, a three-line hybrid system with the CMS line (A), maintainer line (B) and restorer line (R) is used. The A line cannot produce viable pollen due to the interaction between cytoplasmic and nuclear genes, so called cytoplasmic male sterile, which anthers are pale or white and shriveled. The A line is also known as the CMS line and the seed parent because it is used as a female parent for hybrid seed development. Since the CMS line is male sterile, it cannot replicate itself and requires the assistance of a maintainer. The B line is the maintainer line, and its morphology is very similar to that of its CMS line, with the exception of its reproductive feature. However, the B line has viable pollen grains and normal seed setting, it may pollinate the A line, resulting in male sterile F1 plants. In this way, the male sterility of the A line is maintained, and the A line can be reproduced for further use or commercial purposes. Similarly, the R line will pollinate the A line because it has viable pollen grains and normal seed setting. Unlike the pollination with the B line, the F1 plants from the pollination with R line are extremely fertile, or the male sterility of the A line is restored into fertility in their progeny by R line. As a result, the R line is often referred to as the pollen parent or restoring line [21, 22, 23, 24, 25].
Heterosis, also known as hybrid vigor, is the phenomenon in which progeny of diverse inbred varieties outperform both parents in terms of yield, panicle size, and number of spikelets per panicle, number of productive tillers, stress tolerance and other factors. This phenomenon has been extensively exploited in crop production as a powerful force in plant evolution. After the successful development of hybrid maize in 1930, other crop breeders, including rice breeders, were inspired to use the concept of hybrid production by exploiting heterosis. In fact, the exploitation of heterosis has been the most practical achievement of genetics and plant breeding research [26]. The impact of this phenomenon can be judged by the fact that the number of grains per square meter in rice varies significantly between (1) wild ancestors with just a few hundred (2) improved inbred varieties with about 40,000, and (3) rice hybrids with about 52,000. Rice heterosis was first reported by Jones (1926) who observed that some F1 hybrids had more culms and greater yield than their parents. Between 1962 and 1967, a variety of proposal came from around the world for commercial exploitation of heterosis to become a major component of national and international rice improvement programs. Rice breeders from Japan, China, United States, India, the former Soviet Union and Philippines, for example, began working on projects to use rice heterosis. However, progress had been hampered by rice’s inability to be strictly self-pollinated crop, as opposed to corn which is needed for hybrid seed development, extremely difficult [27, 28, 29].
Recent progress in molecular biology and biotechnology increases opportunities to use rice genetic tools not addressed in previous programs for rice production. The availability of genomic, phenotypic, geographical, and ecological information among other sequence data, when analyzed together, enables researchers to strategically plan experiments based on established models predicting plant performance [3, 30]. Molecular marker technology and marker-assisted selection (MAS), molecular mapping of genes and QTLs and the generation of hybrids and alien introgression lines [31, 32, 33, 34] are just a few of the molecular approaches used in modern rice breeding. MAS is a form of genomic assisted breeding that uses molecular markers to map QTLs or unique genes linked to phenotypes or target traits in order to select individuals with desirable alleles for desired traits [32]. MAS has many benefits over traditional phenotypic selection, including the fact that it is easier than phenotypic screening, that selection can be performed at the seedling level, and that a single plant can be selected based on its genotype [35].
Breeding for improved grain is complex because many of the quality traits are phenotyped using subjective and or expensive biochemical methods. As a result, scientists have been able to map/clone several QTLs/genes for various quality traits and developed molecular markers to aid in grain quality selection. Co-dominant marker, making it ideal for marker-assisted backcrossing for recessive trait like aroma, since lines carrying the aroma gene can be selected in the heterozygote state without having to screen progeny [36, 37]. Other researchers have produced markers for the 8-bp deletion in exon 7 of chromosome 8. Other alleles in the BADH2 gene, such as a 7-bp deletion in exon 2 [38, 39, 40] and a 3-bp insertion in exon 13 found in aromatic rice varieties from Myanmar [41], have also been functionally identified. Around the world, functional markers for RM 190, a waxy gene SSR and waxy SNPS on intron (In1), exon 6 (Ex6) and exon 10 (Ex10) are used to select for AAC and RVA around the world [42]. The waxy SNP haplotypes have been found to be more effective in selecting for AAC and RVA than the RM 190 haplotype across these three SNPs in the waxy genome [43, 44, 45, 46, 47].
In India many verities of rice have been released by Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR) institute, state agricultural universities and private seed companies.
Rice production would have to double by 2050 to keep up with population growth. If the world’s population grows, so will consumers demands for higher-quality rice. In addition to this challenge, climate change is combining new biotic and abiotic stresses. As a result, when designing new lines, rice breeders must consider a large number of simple and quantitative traits in combination while preserving and enhancing grain quality. MAS has been effective in improving certain biotic, abiotic and quality traits in rice, but it is purposeful on broad impact QTLs/genes and ignores epistatic and genetic context effects. Most traits of interest to rice breeders are regulated by a combination of several small effect and/or major genes rather than a few large-effect genes. The use of genomic selection (GS) as an alternative to traditional MAS has been proposed. By the benefits per selection per unit time, GS has a huge potential to improve breeding efficiency. GS breeding enables breeders to use genome-wide DNA marker data to choose the most suitable parents for the next generation. The association between genome-wide markers and phenotypes of the individuals under selection is used to choose these parents. The major benefits of GS over MAS is that genotyping is not limited to a subset of markers that target genes with significant effects, but instead uses all available marker data to predict breeding value. This aids in the prevention of data loss. Genes with a minor effect can be tracked and chosen based on all of the markers results. As the cost of genotyping decreases, GS will become more efficient method for improving rice breeding performance [48, 49].
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Kerrigan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8450",title:"Beta Thalassemia",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"976f72013cd8e78d8f65bfb1f51f0146",slug:"beta-thalassemia",bookSignature:"Marwa Zakaria and Tamer Hassan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8450.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"187545",title:"Prof.",name:"Marwa",middleName:null,surname:"Zakaria",slug:"marwa-zakaria",fullName:"Marwa Zakaria"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8316",title:"Normal and Malignant B-Cell",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a12608fa8d5fdb33c956f967974a4ef1",slug:"normal-and-malignant-b-cell",bookSignature:"Mourad Aribi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8316.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"40046",title:"Prof.",name:"Mourad",middleName:null,surname:"Aribi",slug:"mourad-aribi",fullName:"Mourad Aribi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7181",title:"Erythrocyte",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"267d215004c995048557176978208b15",slug:"erythrocyte",bookSignature:"Anil Tombak",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7181.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"202814",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Anil",middleName:null,surname:"Tombak",slug:"anil-tombak",fullName:"Anil Tombak"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7874",title:"Germ Line Mutations Associated Leukemia",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"cb407bb000c66ebe6172b9dc3d6f9fb4",slug:"germ-line-mutations-associated-leukemia",bookSignature:"Zhan He Wu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7874.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"226446",title:"Dr.",name:"Zhan He",middleName:null,surname:"Wu",slug:"zhan-he-wu",fullName:"Zhan He Wu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6905",title:"Blood Groups",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"545ab2a5b402edec6332c7d632eba398",slug:"blood-groups",bookSignature:"Anil Tombak",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6905.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"202814",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Anil",middleName:null,surname:"Tombak",slug:"anil-tombak",fullName:"Anil Tombak"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7125",title:"Iron Deficiency Anemia",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"25d82a6ea6c9d80b195bb40aad06be49",slug:"iron-deficiency-anemia",bookSignature:"Luis Rodrigo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7125.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"73208",title:"Prof.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Rodrigo",slug:"luis-rodrigo",fullName:"Luis Rodrigo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:40,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"39123",doi:"10.5772/50698",title:"Measurement Techniques for Red Blood Cell Deformability: Recent Advances",slug:"measurement-techniques-for-red-blood-cell-deformability-recent-advances",totalDownloads:7139,totalCrossrefCites:24,totalDimensionsCites:67,abstract:null,book:{id:"2607",slug:"blood-cell-an-overview-of-studies-in-hematology",title:"Blood Cell",fullTitle:"Blood Cell - An Overview of Studies in Hematology"},signatures:"Youngchan Kim, Kyoohyun Kim and YongKeun Park",authors:[{id:"143622",title:"Prof.",name:"YongKeun",middleName:null,surname:"Park",slug:"yongkeun-park",fullName:"YongKeun Park"},{id:"143623",title:"Mr.",name:"Kyoohyun",middleName:null,surname:"Kim",slug:"kyoohyun-kim",fullName:"Kyoohyun Kim"},{id:"143624",title:"Mr.",name:"Sangyeon",middleName:null,surname:"Cho",slug:"sangyeon-cho",fullName:"Sangyeon Cho"}]},{id:"31178",doi:"10.5772/38961",title:"Physiological Factors in the Interpretation of Equine Hematological Profile",slug:"haematological-profile-of-the-horse-phisiological-factors-influencing-equine-haematology",totalDownloads:10747,totalCrossrefCites:15,totalDimensionsCites:35,abstract:null,book:{id:"1830",slug:"hematology-science-and-practice",title:"Hematology",fullTitle:"Hematology - Science and Practice"},signatures:"K. Satué, A. Hernández and A. Muñoz",authors:[{id:"125292",title:"Dr.",name:"Katy",middleName:null,surname:"Satué Ambrojo",slug:"katy-satue-ambrojo",fullName:"Katy Satué Ambrojo"}]},{id:"55356",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.68617",title:"Neutrophils in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Target for Discovering New Therapies Based on Natural Products",slug:"neutrophils-in-rheumatoid-arthritis-a-target-for-discovering-new-therapies-based-on-natural-products",totalDownloads:2057,totalCrossrefCites:9,totalDimensionsCites:12,abstract:"Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disorder with an important inflammatory component in joints. Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in inflamed joints, and play an essential role in the initiation and progression of RA. Neutrophil effector mechanisms include the release of proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), and granules containing degradative enzymes, which can cause further damage to the tissue and amplify the neutrophil response. Therefore, the modulation of neutrophil migration and functions is a potential target for pharmacological intervention in arthritis. The pharmacologic treatment options for RA are diverse. The current treatments are mostly symptomatic and have side effects, high costs, and an increased risk of malignancies. Because of these limitations, there is a growing interest in the use of natural products as therapies or adjunct therapies. Herbal products have attracted considerable interest over the past decade because of their multiple beneficial effects such as their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory properties. This chapter focuses on the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of arthritis and the action of substances from natural products as putative antirheumatic therapies.",book:{id:"5834",slug:"role-of-neutrophils-in-disease-pathogenesis",title:"Role of Neutrophils in Disease Pathogenesis",fullTitle:"Role of Neutrophils in Disease Pathogenesis"},signatures:"Elaine Cruz Rosas, Luana Barbosa Correa and Maria das Graças\nHenriques",authors:[{id:"64332",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria Das Graças",middleName:null,surname:"Henriques",slug:"maria-das-gracas-henriques",fullName:"Maria Das Graças Henriques"},{id:"197932",title:"Dr.",name:"Elaine",middleName:"Cruz",surname:"Rosas",slug:"elaine-rosas",fullName:"Elaine Rosas"},{id:"199677",title:"MSc.",name:"Luana",middleName:null,surname:"Correa",slug:"luana-correa",fullName:"Luana Correa"}]},{id:"46041",doi:"10.5772/57335",title:"An Insight into the Abnormal Fibrin Clots — Its Pathophysiological Roles",slug:"an-insight-into-the-abnormal-fibrin-clots-its-pathophysiological-roles",totalDownloads:3892,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:11,abstract:null,book:{id:"3836",slug:"fibrinolysis-and-thrombolysis",title:"Fibrinolysis and Thrombolysis",fullTitle:"Fibrinolysis and Thrombolysis"},signatures:"Payel Bhattacharjee and Debasish Bhattacharyya",authors:[{id:"88185",title:"Prof.",name:"Debasish",middleName:null,surname:"Bhattacharyya",slug:"debasish-bhattacharyya",fullName:"Debasish Bhattacharyya"},{id:"170045",title:"Ms.",name:"Payel",middleName:null,surname:"Bhattacharjee",slug:"payel-bhattacharjee",fullName:"Payel Bhattacharjee"}]},{id:"39110",doi:"10.5772/48250",title:"Laboratory Reference Intervals in Africa",slug:"laboratory-reference-intervals-in-africa",totalDownloads:4489,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:10,abstract:null,book:{id:"2607",slug:"blood-cell-an-overview-of-studies-in-hematology",title:"Blood Cell",fullTitle:"Blood Cell - An Overview of Studies in Hematology"},signatures:"Clement E. Zeh, Collins O. Odhiambo and Lisa A. Mills",authors:[{id:"141066",title:"Dr",name:"Clement",middleName:null,surname:"Zeh",slug:"clement-zeh",fullName:"Clement Zeh"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"66797",title:"Blood Transfusion Reactions",slug:"blood-transfusion-reactions",totalDownloads:2617,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"Blood transfusion reaction/adverse transfusion reactions could be fatal/severe or mild, immediate or delayed, immunological or nonimmunological, and infectious or noninfectious, and attention is paid particularly to the incidence, possible causes and pathophysiology, clinical features, and management of each type with the aim of improving awareness and raising consciousness towards improving blood safety and judicious use of blood so as to forestall these blood transfusion reactions as much as possible. This chapter serves as a synopsis to adverse blood reactions, which are very common but apparently more often under-recognized and/or under-reported particularly in developing countries. This should sharpen the consciousness of all health practitioners involved in blood transfusion services towards taking measures at preventing transfusion reactions right from donor selection up to the infusion of blood into the recipients.",book:{id:"6905",slug:"blood-groups",title:"Blood Groups",fullTitle:"Blood Groups"},signatures:"John Ayodele Olaniyi",authors:[{id:"202764",title:"Dr.",name:"John",middleName:null,surname:"Olaniyi",slug:"john-olaniyi",fullName:"John Olaniyi"}]},{id:"49387",title:"Thalassemia — From Genotype to Phenotype",slug:"thalassemia-from-genotype-to-phenotype",totalDownloads:4877,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:3,abstract:"Thalassemia encompasses serious diseases with complex pathophysiology that is difficult to explain since it is considered a group of defects with similar clinical effects, still not a single disorder.",book:{id:"4729",slug:"inherited-hemoglobin-disorders",title:"Inherited Hemoglobin Disorders",fullTitle:"Inherited Hemoglobin Disorders"},signatures:"Ghada Y. El-Kamah and Khalda S. Amr",authors:[{id:"58735",title:"Prof.",name:"Ghada",middleName:null,surname:"El-Kamah",slug:"ghada-el-kamah",fullName:"Ghada El-Kamah"},{id:"176872",title:"Prof.",name:"Khalda",middleName:null,surname:"Amr",slug:"khalda-amr",fullName:"Khalda Amr"}]},{id:"51831",title:"Disorders Mimicking Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Difficulties in its Diagnosis",slug:"disorders-mimicking-myelodysplastic-syndrome-and-difficulties-in-its-diagnosis",totalDownloads:4511,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:6,abstract:"Myelodysplastic morphology of blood cells can be encountered not only in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) but also in nonclonal disorders like viral, bacterial, parasitic infections, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, polyarteritis nodosa, immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia, dysgranulopoietic neutropenia, congenital neutropenia, cases with microdeletion 22q11.2, malignant lymphoma, after administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor, chemotherapy, steroids, smoking, alcohol, posttransplantation, copper deficiency also, together with or without cytopenia. Absence of cytogenetic abnormality in 50–70% of cases with MDS, some overlapping morphological and/or pathophysiological features make it challenging to differentiate between MDS and other diseases/disorders like aplastic anemia, refractory ITP, copper deficiency. Transient genetic abnormalities including monosomy 7 in megaloblastic anemia; increased immature myeloid cells in bone marrow of cases with copper, vitamin B12, or folic acid deficiency in the setting of cytopenia and dysmorphism may also lead to the misdiagnosis of MDS. On the other hand, there are also cases of transient MDS. In this chapter, a literature is be presented to draw attention of the readers on the disorders that mimic MDS. Additionally, our personal experiences are also be shared. Awareness of disorders mimicking MDS may prevent over- or underdiagnosis of MDS.",book:{id:"5276",slug:"myelodysplastic-syndromes",title:"Myelodysplastic Syndromes",fullTitle:"Myelodysplastic Syndromes"},signatures:"Lale Olcay and Sevgi Yetgin",authors:[{id:"184156",title:"Prof.",name:"Lale",middleName:null,surname:"Olcay",slug:"lale-olcay",fullName:"Lale Olcay"}]},{id:"64871",title:"Diagnosis and Classification of Myelodysplastic Syndrome",slug:"diagnosis-and-classification-of-myelodysplastic-syndrome",totalDownloads:3212,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by morphological dysplastic changes in one or more of the major hematopoietic cell lines. MDS can present with varying degrees of single or multiple cytopenias including neutropenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia. Presentation of MDS can range from asymptomatic to life threatening. MDS diagnosis and classification present important challenges, particularly in the distinction from benign conditions. French-American-British (FAB) classification proposed a classification based on easily obtainable laboratory information and was recommended in early and as modified by guidelines of new classification of World Health Organization (WHO). The strategy of diagnostic laboratory in MDS depends on morphological changes and is based on existence of dysplastic changes in the peripheral blood and bone marrow including peripheral blood smear, bone marrow aspirate smear and bone marrow trephine biopsy. The correct morphological interpretation and the use of cytogenetics, immunophenotyping, immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis will give valuable information on diagnosis and prognosis.",book:{id:"7138",slug:"recent-developments-in-myelodysplastic-syndromes",title:"Recent Developments in Myelodysplastic Syndromes",fullTitle:"Recent Developments in Myelodysplastic Syndromes"},signatures:"Gamal Abdul Hamid, Abdul Wahab Al-Nehmi and Safa Shukry",authors:[{id:"36487",title:"Prof.",name:"Gamal",middleName:null,surname:"Abdul Hamid",slug:"gamal-abdul-hamid",fullName:"Gamal Abdul Hamid"},{id:"273724",title:"Dr.",name:"Safa",middleName:null,surname:"Shukry",slug:"safa-shukry",fullName:"Safa Shukry"},{id:"277511",title:"Dr.",name:"Abdulwahab",middleName:null,surname:"Al-Nehmi",slug:"abdulwahab-al-nehmi",fullName:"Abdulwahab Al-Nehmi"}]},{id:"70780",title:"Laboratory Diagnosis of β-Thalassemia and HbE",slug:"laboratory-diagnosis-of-thalassemia-and-hbe",totalDownloads:1400,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:"β-Thalassemia and HbE, each, is a syndrome resulted from quantitative and qualitative defects of β-globin chain, respectively. In addition to history retrieve and physical examination, diagnosis of these disorders requires laboratory information. Laboratory tests that are conventionally performed to diagnose the β-thalassemia and HbE are classified into two groups, based on the purposes, including the screening tests and confirmatory tests. The screening tests are aimed to screen for carriers of the β-thalassemia and HbE, while confirmatory tests are the tests performed to definitely diagnose these disorders. This chapter will explain all of these tests, the information of which will be useful for those who are working and interested in the β-thalassemia and HbE.",book:{id:"8450",slug:"beta-thalassemia",title:"Beta Thalassemia",fullTitle:"Beta Thalassemia"},signatures:"Thanusak Tatu",authors:null}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"183",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[{id:"82161",title:"Blood Groups More than Inheritance of Antigenic Substances: Susceptibility to Some Diseases",slug:"blood-groups-more-than-inheritance-of-antigenic-substances-susceptibility-to-some-diseases",totalDownloads:7,totalDimensionsCites:0,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104593",abstract:"Blood group antigens represent polymorphic traits inherited among individuals and populations. The objective of this chapter is to review articles that have reported; the association between blood group antigens and susceptibility to some diseases. Findings showed that O blood group had a greater frequency of severe infections such as E coli, cholera and blood group A was associated with incidence of smallpox and some bacterial infections. These are principally based on presence or absence of “H-like” and “A and B-like” antigens markers. Antigens A, B and H are connected to N-glycans of vWF and reduces the half-life of the protein (10 hours) for group O while non-O groups, 25 hours. The loss of A, B, and H antigens as malignancy progresses was linked to potential metastasis. Similarly, some tumors have A or A-like antigens this explains the propensity of group A to develop tumors. Blood type incompatibility between mother and foetus sensitizes the mother to develop alloantibodies that could potentially cause death of the foetus in utero, a condition known hydrops. Reviewed articles have reported close link between blood group antigens and susceptibility diseases. More studies are required to rationalize the mechanism associated to this.",book:{id:"10728",title:"Blood Groups - More Than Inheritance of Antigenic Substances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10728.jpg"},signatures:"Williams Bitty Azachi and Kuschak Mathias Dakop"},{id:"80344",title:"RH Groups",slug:"rh-groups",totalDownloads:25,totalDimensionsCites:0,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102421",abstract:"In 1939, a mother gave birth to a stillborn baby and underwent blood transfusion with ABO-matched blood from her husband. This resulted in a hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR). Levine and Stetson postulated that a novel antigen was present in the baby and father, which was absent in the mother. Therefore, the mother’s immune system recognized this antigen and produced antibodies against it. This condition has been known as the hemolytic disease of the newborn for a long period of time. Since the antenatal management of the fetus has been developed, the term has been modified to hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). This case led to the discovery of the antibody against the first antigen of the RH blood group system, the D antigen. To date, 56 antigens have been recognized within the RH blood group system. The five main antigens are D, C, c, E, and e. As observed in the above-mentioned case, the antibodies against these antigens are implicated in HTR and HDFN.",book:{id:"10728",title:"Blood Groups - More Than Inheritance of Antigenic Substances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10728.jpg"},signatures:"Amr J. Halawani"},{id:"80254",title:"Neutrophil-Specific Antigens: Immunobiology, Genetics and Roles in Clinical Disorders",slug:"neutrophil-specific-antigens-immunobiology-genetics-and-roles-in-clinical-disorders",totalDownloads:34,totalDimensionsCites:0,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102431",abstract:"Neutrophils are the most abundant nucleated cells in blood circulation and play important roles in the innate and adaptive immune responses. Neutrophil-specific antigens, only expressed on neutrophils, are glycoproteins originally identified in studies on neonatal neutropenia due to fetal-maternal incompatibility and autoimmune neutropenia of infancy. The most investigated neutrophil–specific antigens are the NA and NB antigens that their incompatibilities also cause transfusion-induced febrile reactions and acute lung injury, a potentially fatal reaction, and in bone marrow transplantation, causing graft rejection. NA antigens are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily and are low-affinity Fc-receptors FcγRIIIb (CD16b). Fc receptors connect the F(ab), the antigen-binding fragment of the antibody molecules, to neutrophils and lead them to recognize and phagocytize the targeted antigens. The NB (CD177) antigen belongs to the urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator Receptor Superfamily (uPAR, CD59, Ly6), but its specific functions have not been fully determined. It is known, however, that NB antigen binds proteinase-3 (PR3 to the neutrophil membrane), a serine protease. In clinical studies, it was also demonstrated that NB expression is highly elevated in Polycythemia Vera and is unexpectedly expressed in some cancer tissues. Neutrophil-specific antigens are examples of antigens that have important biological and clinical activities beyond antigenicity.",book:{id:"10728",title:"Blood Groups - More Than Inheritance of Antigenic Substances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10728.jpg"},signatures:"Parviz Lalezari and Behnaz Bayat"},{id:"80716",title:"The ABO Blood Group System and Plasmodium falciparum (Pf ) Infection in Three Ethnic Groups Living in the Stable and Seasonal Malaria Transmission Areas of Burkina Faso (BF)",slug:"the-abo-blood-group-system-and-plasmodium-falciparum-pf-infection-in-three-ethnic-groups-living-in-t",totalDownloads:92,totalDimensionsCites:0,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102475",abstract:"Genetic factors, including red blood cell polymorphisms, influence the severity of disease due to infection with Plasmodium falciparum (Pf). Studies show that these genetic factors associated with malaria susceptibility or resistance vary geographically, ethnically, and racially. We performed cross-sectional surveys in population living in rural villages from three ethnic groups. The blood group (BG) was determined genetically using two polymorphisms (rs8176719 and rs8176746). Out of 548 participants, 29.7% were Mossi, 38.2% were Fulani, and 32.1% were Rimaibe. The distribution of BG was, respectively, A: 25.5%, B: 26.6%, AB: 7.3%, and O: 40.5%. BG O was not only the common blood type overall, but was higher in Fulani (52.6%) than others. Fulani was associated with a reduced risk of infection and lower parasite densities than sympatric populations. The subjects with non-O blood were less susceptible to malaria infection. An association between ethnicity and malaria infection during the high transmission season as well as an association between the non-O blood group and malaria infections according to ethnicity was found. This was also true when ethnic groups were considered separately. Our results have demonstrated that the Fulani are not only less susceptible to Pf malaria infection, but when infected have lower parasite densities. Individuals with non-O blood are at lower risk of infection.",book:{id:"10728",title:"Blood Groups - More Than Inheritance of Antigenic Substances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10728.jpg"},signatures:"Edith Christiane Bougouma, Alphonse Ouedraogo and Sodiomon Bienvenu Sirima"},{id:"80474",title:"ABO Blood Group and Thromboembolic Diseases",slug:"abo-blood-group-and-thromboembolic-diseases",totalDownloads:40,totalDimensionsCites:0,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102757",abstract:"Thromboembolic diseases are usually inherited in the family. The tendency to repeat in an individual is a phenomenon that allows it to be studied. The inheritance and recurrence of thromboembolic diseases, of course, have individual risk factors for this occurrence. In the past, the ABO blood group was only needed for transfusion and organ transplant therapy. Over time, scientists think that blood type is a risk factor for certain diseases, including thromboembolism. Many studies divide between type O and non-O blood groups, both of which are distinguished by the presence of antigens on the cell surface and antibodies in the plasma of individuals. Type O does not have A, B antigens but has antibodies against A, B antigens, and vice versa for the non-O type. Many studies have shown that the non-O blood group has a risk factor for thromboembolic diseases, commonly due to higher levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF) and factor VIII (FVIII). These thromboembolic events can occur in arteries or venous. Thromboembolic manifestations are often associated with cardiovascular diseases for arterial thrombosis; and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) for venous thromboembolism (VTE).",book:{id:"10728",title:"Blood Groups - More Than Inheritance of Antigenic Substances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10728.jpg"},signatures:"Yetti Hernaningsih"},{id:"78997",title:"ABO Blood Groups and Risk of Glioma",slug:"abo-blood-groups-and-risk-of-glioma",totalDownloads:59,totalDimensionsCites:0,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100566",abstract:"Gliomas are one of the most common primary brain tumors and the etiology of gliomas remains unknown in most cases. The aim of this case–control study was to investigate possible association between incidence in relation to glioma and certain blood groups. This study included 100 histopathologically verified cases of glioma and 200 age and sex-matched controls without malignant diseases that were admitted to the same hospital. The results revealed that the patients with group AB were at 3.5-fold increased risk of developing glioma compared to the patients with other ABO blood groups. In this particular study, there was more male patients with glioma with the blood group AB. However, mechanisms that explain the relationship between the blood groups ABO and a cancer risk are unclear. Several hypotheses have been proposed, including the one with a modulatory role of blood group ABO antigens. In addition, the blood group ABO system regulates the level of circulating proinflammatory and adhesion molecules which play a significant role in the tumorigenesis process. Additionally, the recent discovery that includes the von Willebrand factor (vWF) as an important modulator of angiogenesis and apoptosis provides one plausible explanation as regards the role of the blood group ABO in the tumorigenesis process. To our knowledge, this is the first study that examined the relationship of blood group in patients diagnosed with glioma among the Serbian population. Moreover, for the first time our study results suggested that blood group AB increased the risk of glioma. The results of this study suggested that the blood group AB could be one of hereditary factors which had an influence on the occurrence of glioma. 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In subsequent years, the concept of 'telematic education” subsequently becomes well established in academic circles in South Africa, grew in popularity, and is adopted by many universities and colleges throughout South Africa as a medium of enhancing education and training, as a method to reaching out to far out communities, and as a means to enhance study from the home environment.\r\n\r\nProfessor Snyman in subsequent years pursued research in semiconductor physics, semiconductor devices, microelectronics, and optoelectronics.\r\n\r\nIn 2000 he joined the TUT as a full professor. Here served for a period as head of the Department of Electronic Engineering. Here he makes contributions to solar energy development, microwave and optoelectronic device development, silicon photonics, as well as contributions to new mobile telecommunication systems and network planning in SA.\r\n\r\nCurrently, he teaches electronics and telecommunications at the TUT to audiences ranging from first-year students to Ph.D. level.\r\n\r\nFor his research in the field of 'Silicon Photonics” since 1990, he has published (as author and co-author) about thirty internationally reviewed articles in scientific journals, contributed to more than forty international conferences, about 25 South African provisional patents (as inventor and co-inventor), 8 PCT international patent applications until now. Of these, two USA patents applications, two European Patents, two Korean patents, and ten SA patents have been granted. A further 4 USA patents, 5 European patents, 3 Korean patents, 3 Chinese patents, and 3 Japanese patents are currently under consideration.\r\n\r\nRecently he has also published an extensive scholarly chapter in an internet open access book on 'Integrating Microphotonic Systems and MOEMS into standard Silicon CMOS Integrated circuitry”.\r\n\r\nFurthermore, Professor Snyman recently steered a new initiative at the TUT by introducing a 'Laboratory for Innovative Electronic Systems ' at the Department of Electrical Engineering. The model of this laboratory or center is to primarily combine outputs as achieved by high-level research with lower-level system development and entrepreneurship in a technical university environment. Students are allocated to projects at different levels with PhDs and Master students allocated to the generation of new knowledge and new technologies, while students at the diploma and Baccalaureus level are allocated to electronic systems development with a direct and a near application for application in industry or the commercial and public sectors in South Africa.\r\n\r\nProfessor Snyman received the WIRSAM Award of 1983 and the WIRSAM Award in 1985 in South Africa for best research papers by a young scientist at two international conferences on electron microscopy in South Africa. He subsequently received the SA Microelectronics Award for the best dissertation emanating from studies executed at a South African university in the field of Physics and Microelectronics in South Africa in 1987. In October of 2011, Professor Snyman received the prestigious Institutional Award for 'Innovator of the Year” for 2010 at the Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa. This award was based on the number of patents recognized and granted by local and international institutions as well as for his contributions concerning innovation at the TUT.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of South Africa",country:{name:"South Africa"}}},{id:"317279",title:"Mr.",name:"Ali",middleName:"Usama",surname:"Syed",slug:"ali-syed",fullName:"Ali Syed",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/317279/images/16024_n.png",biography:"A creative, talented, and innovative young professional who is dedicated, well organized, and capable research fellow with two years of experience in graduate-level research, published in engineering journals and book, with related expertise in Bio-robotics, equally passionate about the aesthetics of the mechanical and electronic system, obtained expertise in the use of MS Office, MATLAB, SolidWorks, LabVIEW, Proteus, Fusion 360, having a grasp on python, C++ and assembly language, possess proven ability in acquiring research grants, previous appointments with social and educational societies with experience in administration, current affiliations with IEEE and Web of Science, a confident presenter at conferences and teacher in classrooms, able to explain complex information to audiences of all levels.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Air University",country:{name:"Pakistan"}}},{id:"75526",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Zihni Onur",middleName:null,surname:"Uygun",slug:"zihni-onur-uygun",fullName:"Zihni Onur Uygun",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/75526/images/12_n.jpg",biography:"My undergraduate education and my Master of Science educations at Ege University and at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University have given me a firm foundation in Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Biosensors, Bioelectronics, Physical Chemistry and Medicine. After obtaining my degree as a MSc in analytical chemistry, I started working as a research assistant in Ege University Medical Faculty in 2014. In parallel, I enrolled to the MSc program at the Department of Medical Biochemistry at Ege University to gain deeper knowledge on medical and biochemical sciences as well as clinical chemistry in 2014. In my PhD I deeply researched on biosensors and bioelectronics and finished in 2020. Now I have eleven SCI-Expanded Index published papers, 6 international book chapters, referee assignments for different SCIE journals, one international patent pending, several international awards, projects and bursaries. In parallel to my research assistant position at Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry, in April 2016, I also founded a Start-Up Company (Denosens Biotechnology LTD) by the support of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey. Currently, I am also working as a CEO in Denosens Biotechnology. The main purposes of the company, which carries out R&D as a research center, are to develop new generation biosensors and sensors for both point-of-care diagnostics; such as glucose, lactate, cholesterol and cancer biomarker detections. My specific experimental and instrumental skills are Biochemistry, Biosensor, Analytical Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Mobile phone based point-of-care diagnostic device, POCTs and Patient interface designs, HPLC, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Spectrophotometry, ELISA.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ege University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"267434",title:"Dr.",name:"Rohit",middleName:null,surname:"Raja",slug:"rohit-raja",fullName:"Rohit Raja",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/267434/images/system/267434.jpg",biography:"Dr. Rohit Raja received Ph.D. in Computer Science and Engineering from Dr. CVRAMAN University in 2016. His main research interest includes Face recognition and Identification, Digital Image Processing, Signal Processing, and Networking. Presently he is working as Associate Professor in IT Department, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur (CG), India. He has authored several Journal and Conference Papers. He has good Academics & Research experience in various areas of CSE and IT. He has filed and successfully published 27 Patents. He has received many time invitations to be a Guest at IEEE Conferences. He has published 100 research papers in various International/National Journals (including IEEE, Springer, etc.) and Proceedings of the reputed International/ National Conferences (including Springer and IEEE). He has been nominated to the board of editors/reviewers of many peer-reviewed and refereed Journals (including IEEE, Springer).",institutionString:"Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya",institution:{name:"Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"246502",title:"Dr.",name:"Jaya T.",middleName:"T",surname:"Varkey",slug:"jaya-t.-varkey",fullName:"Jaya T. Varkey",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/246502/images/11160_n.jpg",biography:"Jaya T. Varkey, PhD, graduated with a degree in Chemistry from Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala, India. She obtained a PhD in Chemistry from the School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India, and completed a post-doctoral fellowship at the University of Minnesota, USA. She is a research guide at Mahatma Gandhi University and Associate Professor in Chemistry, St. Teresa’s College, Kochi, Kerala, India.\nDr. Varkey received a National Young Scientist award from the Indian Science Congress (1995), a UGC Research award (2016–2018), an Indian National Science Academy (INSA) Visiting Scientist award (2018–2019), and a Best Innovative Faculty award from the All India Association for Christian Higher Education (AIACHE) (2019). She Hashas received the Sr. Mary Cecil prize for best research paper three times. She was also awarded a start-up to develop a tea bag water filter. \nDr. Varkey has published two international books and twenty-seven international journal publications. She is an editorial board member for five international journals.",institutionString:"St. Teresa’s College",institution:null},{id:"250668",title:"Dr.",name:"Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Nabipour Chakoli",slug:"ali-nabipour-chakoli",fullName:"Ali Nabipour Chakoli",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/250668/images/system/250668.jpg",biography:"Academic Qualification:\r\n•\tPhD in Materials Physics and Chemistry, From: Sep. 2006, to: Sep. 2010, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Thesis: Structure and Shape Memory Effect of Functionalized MWCNTs/poly (L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) Nanocomposites. Supervisor: Prof. Wei Cai,\r\n•\tM.Sc in Applied Physics, From: 1996, to: 1998, Faculty of Physics & Nuclear Science, Amirkabir Uni. of Technology, Tehran, Iran, Thesis: Determination of Boron in Micro alloy Steels with solid state nuclear track detectors by neutron induced auto radiography, Supervisors: Dr. M. Hosseini Ashrafi and Dr. A. Hosseini.\r\n•\tB.Sc. in Applied Physics, From: 1991, to: 1996, Faculty of Physics & Nuclear Science, Amirkabir Uni. of Technology, Tehran, Iran, Thesis: Design of shielding for Am-Be neutron sources for In Vivo neutron activation analysis, Supervisor: Dr. M. Hosseini Ashrafi.\r\n\r\nResearch Experiences:\r\n1.\tNanomaterials, Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene: Synthesis, Functionalization and Characterization,\r\n2.\tMWCNTs/Polymer Composites: Fabrication and Characterization, \r\n3.\tShape Memory Polymers, Biodegradable Polymers, ORC, Collagen,\r\n4.\tMaterials Analysis and Characterizations: TEM, SEM, XPS, FT-IR, Raman, DSC, DMA, TGA, XRD, GPC, Fluoroscopy, \r\n5.\tInteraction of Radiation with Mater, Nuclear Safety and Security, NDT(RT),\r\n6.\tRadiation Detectors, Calibration (SSDL),\r\n7.\tCompleted IAEA e-learning Courses:\r\nNuclear Security (15 Modules),\r\nNuclear Safety:\r\nTSA 2: Regulatory Protection in Occupational Exposure,\r\nTips & Tricks: Radiation Protection in Radiography,\r\nSafety and Quality in Radiotherapy,\r\nCourse on Sealed Radioactive Sources,\r\nCourse on Fundamentals of Environmental Remediation,\r\nCourse on Planning for Environmental Remediation,\r\nKnowledge Management Orientation Course,\r\nFood Irradiation - Technology, Applications and Good Practices,\r\nEmployment:\r\nFrom 2010 to now: Academic staff, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Kargar Shomali, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box: 14395-836.\r\nFrom 1997 to 2006: Expert of Materials Analysis and Characterization. Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine. Rajaeeshahr, Karaj, Iran, P. O. Box: 31585-498.",institutionString:"Atomic Energy Organization of Iran",institution:{name:"Atomic Energy Organization of Iran",country:{name:"Iran"}}},{id:"248279",title:"Dr.",name:"Monika",middleName:"Elzbieta",surname:"Machoy",slug:"monika-machoy",fullName:"Monika Machoy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/248279/images/system/248279.jpeg",biography:"Monika Elżbieta Machoy, MD, graduated with distinction from the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry at the Pomeranian Medical University in 2009, defended her PhD thesis with summa cum laude in 2016 and is currently employed as a researcher at the Department of Orthodontics of the Pomeranian Medical University. She expanded her professional knowledge during a one-year scholarship program at the Ernst Moritz Arndt University in Greifswald, Germany and during a three-year internship at the Technical University in Dresden, Germany. She has been a speaker at numerous orthodontic conferences, among others, American Association of Orthodontics, European Orthodontic Symposium and numerous conferences of the Polish Orthodontic Society. She conducts research focusing on the effect of orthodontic treatment on dental and periodontal tissues and the causes of pain in orthodontic patients.",institutionString:"Pomeranian Medical University",institution:{name:"Pomeranian Medical University",country:{name:"Poland"}}},{id:"252743",title:"Prof.",name:"Aswini",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Kar",slug:"aswini-kar",fullName:"Aswini Kar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/252743/images/10381_n.jpg",biography:"uploaded in cv",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"KIIT University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"204256",title:"Dr.",name:"Anil",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Kumar Sahu",slug:"anil-kumar-sahu",fullName:"Anil Kumar Sahu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/204256/images/14201_n.jpg",biography:"I have nearly 11 years of research and teaching experience. I have done my master degree from University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India. I have published 16 review and research articles in international and national journals and published 4 chapters in IntechOpen, the world’s leading publisher of Open access books. I have presented many papers at national and international conferences. I have received research award from Indian Drug Manufacturers Association in year 2015. My research interest extends from novel lymphatic drug delivery systems, oral delivery system for herbal bioactive to formulation optimization.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"253468",title:"Dr.",name:"Mariusz",middleName:null,surname:"Marzec",slug:"mariusz-marzec",fullName:"Mariusz Marzec",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/253468/images/system/253468.png",biography:"An assistant professor at Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, at Institute of Computer Science, Silesian University in Katowice. Scientific interests: computer analysis and processing of images, biomedical images, databases and programming languages. He is an author and co-author of scientific publications covering analysis and processing of biomedical images and development of database systems.",institutionString:"University of Silesia",institution:null},{id:"212432",title:"Prof.",name:"Hadi",middleName:null,surname:"Mohammadi",slug:"hadi-mohammadi",fullName:"Hadi Mohammadi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/212432/images/system/212432.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Hadi Mohammadi is a biomedical engineer with hands-on experience in the design and development of many engineering structures and medical devices through various projects that he has been involved in over the past twenty years. Dr. Mohammadi received his BSc. and MSc. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, and his PhD. degree in Biomedical Engineering (biomaterials) from the University of Western Ontario. He was a postdoctoral trainee for almost four years at University of Calgary and Harvard Medical School. He is an industry innovator having created the technology to produce lifelike synthetic platforms that can be used for the simulation of almost all cardiovascular reconstructive surgeries. He’s been heavily involved in the design and development of cardiovascular devices and technology for the past 10 years. He is currently an Assistant Professor with the University of British Colombia, Canada.",institutionString:"University of British Columbia",institution:{name:"University of British Columbia",country:{name:"Canada"}}},{id:"254463",title:"Prof.",name:"Haisheng",middleName:null,surname:"Yang",slug:"haisheng-yang",fullName:"Haisheng Yang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/254463/images/system/254463.jpeg",biography:"Haisheng Yang, Ph.D., Professor and Director of the Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology. He received his Ph.D. degree in Mechanics/Biomechanics from Harbin Institute of Technology (jointly with University of California, Berkeley). Afterwards, he worked as a Postdoctoral Research Associate in the Purdue Musculoskeletal Biology and Mechanics Lab at the Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, USA. He also conducted research in the Research Centre of Shriners Hospitals for Children-Canada at McGill University, Canada. Dr. Yang has over 10 years research experience in orthopaedic biomechanics and mechanobiology of bone adaptation and regeneration. He earned an award from Beijing Overseas Talents Aggregation program in 2017 and serves as Beijing Distinguished Professor.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Beijing University of Technology",country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"89721",title:"Dr.",name:"Mehmet",middleName:"Cuneyt",surname:"Ozmen",slug:"mehmet-ozmen",fullName:"Mehmet Ozmen",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/89721/images/7289_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Gazi University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"243698",title:"M.D.",name:"Xiaogang",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"xiaogang-wang",fullName:"Xiaogang Wang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/243698/images/system/243698.png",biography:"Dr. Xiaogang Wang, a faculty member of Shanxi Eye Hospital specializing in the treatment of cataract and retinal disease and a tutor for postgraduate students of Shanxi Medical University, worked in the COOL Lab as an international visiting scholar under the supervision of Dr. David Huang and Yali Jia from October 2012 through November 2013. Dr. Wang earned an MD from Shanxi Medical University and a Ph.D. from Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Dr. Wang was awarded two research project grants focused on multimodal optical coherence tomography imaging and deep learning in cataract and retinal disease, from the National Natural Science Foundation of China. He has published around 30 peer-reviewed journal papers and four book chapters and co-edited one book.",institutionString:"Shanxi Eye Hospital",institution:{name:"Shanxi Eye Hospital",country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"242893",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Joaquim",middleName:null,surname:"De Moura",slug:"joaquim-de-moura",fullName:"Joaquim De Moura",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/242893/images/7133_n.jpg",biography:"Joaquim de Moura received his degree in Computer Engineering in 2014 from the University of A Coruña (Spain). In 2016, he received his M.Sc degree in Computer Engineering from the same university. He is currently pursuing his Ph.D degree in Computer Science in a collaborative project between ophthalmology centers in Galicia and the University of A Coruña. His research interests include computer vision, machine learning algorithms and analysis and medical imaging processing of various kinds.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of A Coruña",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"294334",title:"B.Sc.",name:"Marc",middleName:null,surname:"Bruggeman",slug:"marc-bruggeman",fullName:"Marc Bruggeman",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/294334/images/8242_n.jpg",biography:"Chemical engineer graduate, with a passion for material science and specific interest in polymers - their near infinite applications intrigue me. \n\nI plan to continue my scientific career in the field of polymeric biomaterials as I am fascinated by intelligent, bioactive and biomimetic materials for use in both consumer and medical applications.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"255757",title:"Dr.",name:"Igor",middleName:"Victorovich",surname:"Lakhno",slug:"igor-lakhno",fullName:"Igor Lakhno",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/255757/images/system/255757.jpg",biography:"Igor Victorovich Lakhno was born in 1971 in Kharkiv (Ukraine). \nMD – 1994, Kharkiv National Medical Univesity.\nOb&Gyn; – 1997, master courses in Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education.\nPh.D. – 1999, Kharkiv National Medical Univesity.\nDSC – 2019, PL Shupik National Academy of Postgraduate Education \nProfessor – 2021, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of VN Karazin Kharkiv National University\nHead of Department – 2021, Department of Perinatology, Obstetrics and gynecology of Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education\nIgor Lakhno has been graduated from international training courses on reproductive medicine and family planning held at Debrecen University (Hungary) in 1997. Since 1998 Lakhno Igor has worked as an associate professor in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of VN Karazin National University and an associate professor of the perinatology, obstetrics, and gynecology department of Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education. Since June 2019 he’s been a professor in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of VN Karazin National University and a professor of the perinatology, obstetrics, and gynecology department. He’s affiliated with Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education as a Head of Department from November 2021. Igor Lakhno has participated in several international projects on fetal non-invasive electrocardiography (with Dr. J. A. Behar (Technion), Prof. D. Hoyer (Jena University), and José Alejandro Díaz Méndez (National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics, and Electronics, Mexico). He’s an author of about 200 printed works and there are 31 of them in Scopus or Web of Science databases. Igor Lakhno is a member of the Editorial Board of Reproductive Health of Woman, Emergency Medicine, and Technology Transfer Innovative Solutions in Medicine (Estonia). He is a medical Editor of “Z turbotoyu pro zhinku”. Igor Lakhno is a reviewer of the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Taylor and Francis), British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Wiley), Informatics in Medicine Unlocked (Elsevier), The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research (Wiley), Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets (Bentham Open), The Open Biomedical Engineering Journal (Bentham Open), etc. He’s defended a dissertation for a DSc degree “Pre-eclampsia: prediction, prevention, and treatment”. Three years ago Igor Lakhno has participated in a training course on innovative technologies in medical education at Lublin Medical University (Poland). Lakhno Igor has participated as a speaker in several international conferences and congresses (International Conference on Biological Oscillations April 10th-14th 2016, Lancaster, UK, The 9th conference of the European Study Group on Cardiovascular Oscillations). His main scientific interests: are obstetrics, women’s health, fetal medicine, and cardiovascular medicine. \nIgor Lakhno is a consultant at Kharkiv municipal perinatal center. He’s graduated from training courses on endoscopy in gynecology. He has 28 years of practical experience in the field.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"244950",title:"Dr.",name:"Salvatore",middleName:null,surname:"Di Lauro",slug:"salvatore-di-lauro",fullName:"Salvatore Di Lauro",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://intech-files.s3.amazonaws.com/0030O00002bSF1HQAW/ProfilePicture%202021-12-20%2014%3A54%3A14.482",biography:"Name:\n\tSALVATORE DI LAURO\nAddress:\n\tHospital Clínico Universitario Valladolid\nAvda Ramón y Cajal 3\n47005, Valladolid\nSpain\nPhone number: \nFax\nE-mail:\n\t+34 983420000 ext 292\n+34 983420084\nsadilauro@live.it\nDate and place of Birth:\nID Number\nMedical Licence \nLanguages\t09-05-1985. Villaricca (Italy)\n\nY1281863H\n474707061\nItalian (native language)\nSpanish (read, written, spoken)\nEnglish (read, written, spoken)\nPortuguese (read, spoken)\nFrench (read)\n\t\t\nCurrent position (title and company)\tDate (Year)\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid. Sacyl. National Health System.\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Instituto Oftalmologico Recoletas. Red Hospitalaria Recoletas. Private practise.\t2017-today\n\n2019-today\n\t\n\t\nEducation (High school, university and postgraduate training > 3 months)\tDate (Year)\nDegree in Medicine and Surgery. University of Neaples 'Federico II”\nResident in Opthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid\nMaster in Vitreo-Retina. IOBA. University of Valladolid\nFellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology. Paris\nMaster in Research in Ophthalmology. University of Valladolid\t2003-2009\n2012-2016\n2016-2017\n2016\n2012-2013\n\t\nEmployments (company and positions)\tDate (Year)\nResident in Ophthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid. Sacyl.\nFellow in Vitreo-Retina. IOBA. University of Valladolid\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid. Sacyl. National Health System.\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Instituto Oftalmologico Recoletas. Red Hospitalaria Recoletas. \n\t2012-2016\n2016-2017\n2017-today\n\n2019-Today\n\n\n\t\nClinical Research Experience (tasks and role)\tDate (Year)\nAssociated investigator\n\n' FIS PI20/00740: DESARROLLO DE UNA CALCULADORA DE RIESGO DE\nAPARICION DE RETINOPATIA DIABETICA BASADA EN TECNICAS DE IMAGEN MULTIMODAL EN PACIENTES DIABETICOS TIPO 1. Grant by: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion \n\n' (BIO/VA23/14) Estudio clínico multicéntrico y prospectivo para validar dos\nbiomarcadores ubicados en los genes p53 y MDM2 en la predicción de los resultados funcionales de la cirugía del desprendimiento de retina regmatógeno. Grant by: Gerencia Regional de Salud de la Junta de Castilla y León.\n' Estudio multicéntrico, aleatorizado, con enmascaramiento doble, en 2 grupos\nparalelos y de 52 semanas de duración para comparar la eficacia, seguridad e inmunogenicidad de SOK583A1 respecto a Eylea® en pacientes con degeneración macular neovascular asociada a la edad' (CSOK583A12301; N.EUDRA: 2019-004838-41; FASE III). Grant by Hexal AG\n\n' Estudio de fase III, aleatorizado, doble ciego, con grupos paralelos, multicéntrico para comparar la eficacia y la seguridad de QL1205 frente a Lucentis® en pacientes con degeneración macular neovascular asociada a la edad. (EUDRACT: 2018-004486-13). Grant by Qilu Pharmaceutical Co\n\n' Estudio NEUTON: Ensayo clinico en fase IV para evaluar la eficacia de aflibercept en pacientes Naive con Edema MacUlar secundario a Oclusion de Vena CenTral de la Retina (OVCR) en regimen de tratamientO iNdividualizado Treat and Extend (TAE)”, (2014-000975-21). Grant by Fundacion Retinaplus\n\n' Evaluación de la seguridad y bioactividad de anillos de tensión capsular en conejo. Proyecto Procusens. Grant by AJL, S.A.\n\n'Estudio epidemiológico, prospectivo, multicéntrico y abierto\\npara valorar la frecuencia de la conjuntivitis adenovírica diagnosticada mediante el test AdenoPlus®\\nTest en pacientes enfermos de conjuntivitis aguda”\\n. National, multicenter study. Grant by: NICOX.\n\nEuropean multicentric trial: 'Evaluation of clinical outcomes following the use of Systane Hydration in patients with dry eye”. Study Phase 4. Grant by: Alcon Labs'\n\nVLPs Injection and Activation in a Rabbit Model of Uveal Melanoma. Grant by Aura Bioscience\n\nUpdating and characterization of a rabbit model of uveal melanoma. Grant by Aura Bioscience\n\nEnsayo clínico en fase IV para evaluar las variantes genéticas de la vía del VEGF como biomarcadores de eficacia del tratamiento con aflibercept en pacientes con degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE) neovascular. Estudio BIOIMAGE. IMO-AFLI-2013-01\n\nEstudio In-Eye:Ensayo clínico en fase IV, abierto, aleatorizado, de 2 brazos,\nmulticçentrico y de 12 meses de duración, para evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de un régimen de PRN flexible individualizado de 'esperar y extender' versus un régimen PRN según criterios de estabilización mediante evaluaciones mensuales de inyecciones intravítreas de ranibizumab 0,5 mg en pacientes naive con neovascularización coriodea secunaria a la degeneración macular relacionada con la edad. CP: CRFB002AES03T\n\nTREND: Estudio Fase IIIb multicéntrico, randomizado, de 12 meses de\nseguimiento con evaluador de la agudeza visual enmascarado, para evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de ranibizumab 0.5mg en un régimen de tratar y extender comparado con un régimen mensual, en pacientes con degeneración macular neovascular asociada a la edad. CP: CRFB002A2411 Código Eudra CT:\n2013-002626-23\n\n\n\nPublications\t\n\n2021\n\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n\n\n2021\n\n\n\n\n\n2021\n\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n2014\n\n\n\n\n2015-16\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n2014\n\n\n2014\n\n\n\n\n2014\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2014\n\nJose Carlos Pastor; Jimena Rojas; Salvador Pastor-Idoate; Salvatore Di Lauro; Lucia Gonzalez-Buendia; Santiago Delgado-Tirado. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: A new concept of disease pathogenesis and practical\nconsequences. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 51, pp. 125 - 155. 03/2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.07.005\n\n\nLabrador-Velandia S; Alonso-Alonso ML; Di Lauro S; García-Gutierrez MT; Srivastava GK; Pastor JC; Fernandez-Bueno I. Mesenchymal stem cells provide paracrine neuroprotective resources that delay degeneration of co-cultured organotypic neuroretinal cultures.Experimental Eye Research. 185, 17/05/2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.05.011\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro; Maria Teresa Garcia Gutierrez; Ivan Fernandez Bueno. Quantification of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in an ex vivo coculture of retinal pigment epithelium cells and neuroretina.\nJournal of Allbiosolution. 2019. ISSN 2605-3535\n\nSonia Labrador Velandia; Salvatore Di Lauro; Alonso-Alonso ML; Tabera Bartolomé S; Srivastava GK; Pastor JC; Fernandez-Bueno I. Biocompatibility of intravitreal injection of human mesenchymal stem cells in immunocompetent rabbits. Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology. 256 - 1, pp. 125 - 134. 01/2018. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3842-3\n\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro, David Rodriguez-Crespo, Manuel J Gayoso, Maria T Garcia-Gutierrez, J Carlos Pastor, Girish K Srivastava, Ivan Fernandez-Bueno. A novel coculture model of porcine central neuroretina explants and retinal pigment epithelium cells. Molecular Vision. 2016 - 22, pp. 243 - 253. 01/2016.\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro. Classifications for Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy ({PVR}): An Analysis of Their Use in Publications over the Last 15 Years. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2016, pp. 1 - 6. 01/2016. DOI: 10.1155/2016/7807596\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro; Rosa Maria Coco; Rosa Maria Sanabria; Enrique Rodriguez de la Rua; Jose Carlos Pastor. Loss of Visual Acuity after Successful Surgery for Macula-On Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in a Prospective Multicentre Study. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2015:821864, 2015. DOI: 10.1155/2015/821864\n\nIvan Fernandez-Bueno; Salvatore Di Lauro; Ivan Alvarez; Jose Carlos Lopez; Maria Teresa Garcia-Gutierrez; Itziar Fernandez; Eva Larra; Jose Carlos Pastor. Safety and Biocompatibility of a New High-Density Polyethylene-Based\nSpherical Integrated Porous Orbital Implant: An Experimental Study in Rabbits. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2015:904096, 2015. DOI: 10.1155/2015/904096\n\nPastor JC; Pastor-Idoate S; Rodríguez-Hernandez I; Rojas J; Fernandez I; Gonzalez-Buendia L; Di Lauro S; Gonzalez-Sarmiento R. Genetics of PVR and RD. Ophthalmologica. 232 - Suppl 1, pp. 28 - 29. 2014\n\nRodriguez-Crespo D; Di Lauro S; Singh AK; Garcia-Gutierrez MT; Garrosa M; Pastor JC; Fernandez-Bueno I; Srivastava GK. Triple-layered mixed co-culture model of RPE cells with neuroretina for evaluating the neuroprotective effects of adipose-MSCs. Cell Tissue Res. 358 - 3, pp. 705 - 716. 2014.\nDOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1987-5\n\nCarlo De Werra; Salvatore Condurro; Salvatore Tramontano; Mario Perone; Ivana Donzelli; Salvatore Di Lauro; Massimo Di Giuseppe; Rosa Di Micco; Annalisa Pascariello; Antonio Pastore; Giorgio Diamantis; Giuseppe Galloro. Hydatid disease of the liver: thirty years of surgical experience.Chirurgia italiana. 59 - 5, pp. 611 - 636.\n(Italia): 2007. ISSN 0009-4773\n\nChapters in books\n\t\n' Salvador Pastor Idoate; Salvatore Di Lauro; Jose Carlos Pastor Jimeno. PVR: Pathogenesis, Histopathology and Classification. Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy with Small Gauge Vitrectomy. Springer, 2018. ISBN 978-3-319-78445-8\nDOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78446-5_2. \n\n' Salvatore Di Lauro; Maria Isabel Lopez Galvez. Quistes vítreos en una mujer joven. Problemas diagnósticos en patología retinocoroidea. Sociedad Española de Retina-Vitreo. 2018.\n\n' Salvatore Di Lauro; Salvador Pastor Idoate; Jose Carlos Pastor Jimeno. iOCT in PVR management. OCT Applications in Opthalmology. pp. 1 - 8. INTECH, 2018. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.78774.\n\n' Rosa Coco Martin; Salvatore Di Lauro; Salvador Pastor Idoate; Jose Carlos Pastor. amponadores, manipuladores y tinciones en la cirugía del traumatismo ocular.Trauma Ocular. Ponencia de la SEO 2018..\n\n' LOPEZ GALVEZ; DI LAURO; CRESPO. OCT angiografia y complicaciones retinianas de la diabetes. PONENCIA SEO 2021, CAPITULO 20. (España): 2021.\n\n' Múltiples desprendimientos neurosensoriales bilaterales en paciente joven. Enfermedades Degenerativas De Retina Y Coroides. SERV 04/2016. \n' González-Buendía L; Di Lauro S; Pastor-Idoate S; Pastor Jimeno JC. Vitreorretinopatía proliferante (VRP) e inflamación: LA INFLAMACIÓN in «INMUNOMODULADORES Y ANTIINFLAMATORIOS: MÁS ALLÁ DE LOS CORTICOIDES. 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