Erum Bibi

By Erum Bibi, Anila Mubashir, Aleena Khalid Ghori and Anam Bibi

Health inequality cannot be fully comprehended until the understanding of the concept of health inequity. The former is an unfair allocation of healthcare resources, and the latter is moral in nature. The marginalized individuals, groups and populations in developed and underdeveloped nations remain devoid of equal access to vital healthcare services based on their economic status, gender, age, ethnicity, and class, which determine how an individual would receive health equality. These disparities have the power to wield impact across generations, exert rippling effects on the entire nation, and, remarkably, affect minorities, specific gender, race, ethnicity, class, and individuals with disabilities. Particularly when the world has faced the changes during COVID-19, the governments implementing identifiable strategies to exercise nationwide interventions are somehow successful in decreasing these health disparities, even though still a systematic and structural action plan is to be mandated to achieve long-lasting change by addressing the health determinants of inequality. In the modern era of artificial intelligence, there is a dire need for healthcare organizations to advance and appraise their digital policies and accessible connectivity modes through a wide variety of determinants associated with the digital gap, financial and remote accessibility, and device preferences to the disadvantaged people, especially in rural areas.

Part of the book: Health Inequality - A Comprehensive Exploration [Working title]

By Syeda Tafseer Zahra, Erum Bibi, Asma Sikandar, Humera Tufail, Wajiha Ghazal and Zohaib Gillani

In this post-COVID era, consumer presence is felt more than ever, especially in the corporate world. Consumers should embrace the more positive and distinctive identity of a company that engages in corporate social responsibility, which bound companies to focus more on their moral, ethical, and social obligations beyond their economic interests. Consumers are more likely to act favorably toward a company that has acted to benefit its customers as opposed to just delivering quality products. Recent research finds that CSR can reduce anger and negative word-of-mouth following service failures and increase behavioral loyalty along with a favorable attitude and intrinsic motivation to facilitate the brand. These findings suggest the role of company involvement (donating funds, providing/developing corporate capabilities), and their precise structure, such as cause-related marketing, corporate social marketing, corporate philanthropy, and socially responsible business practices, are required. In this chapter, we will try to understand the impact of CSR on consumer behavior. Also explore the science of consumerism by exploring the key areas of consumer psychology and its relationship with the perceived corporate value, trust, and commitment, which, in turn, results in an increase in satisfaction, loyalty, and consumer well-being.

Part of the book: Corporate Social Responsibility - A Global Perspective [Working title]