Chapters authored
Forensic DNA Phenotyping
The basis for DNA analysis used in forensic research is the concept that everyone, excluding monozygotic twins, shares a genetic makeup. By directly comparing the genetic profile of short tandem repeats obtained from biological samples of unknown origin to a reference sample profile, DNA collected from biological samples can individually identify this material. The requirement for a reference sample for comparison is one of the main drawbacks of this method. Studies looking at the connection between specific polymorphisms and specific phenotypic traits are multiplying, and the results are encouraging for forensic sciences. Externally visible characteristics (EVCs), such as skin color, eye color, hair color, height, facial features, and male baldness pattern, can be inferred from biological samples for forensic purposes. This technique is called “forensic DNA phenotyping” (FDP). Therefore, without the necessity for a reference sample for comparative analysis, FDP offers additional information about the subject to which a specific biological sample belongs. So that this new technology does not encourage segregation or ethnic persecution of certain population groups, several ethical and legal considerations need to be made. Despite this, using these techniques to guide investigations and identify both suspects and victims has helped in a number of actual incidents.
Part of the book: Forensic and Legal Medicine