Shigehito Yamada

By Akio Yoneyama, Shigehito Yamada and Tohoru Takeda

Part of the book: Advanced Biomedical Engineering

By Shigehito Yamada, and Tetsuya Takakuwa

Part of the book: The Human Embryo

By Shigehito Yamada, Takashi Nakashima, Ayumi Hirose, Akio Yoneyama, Tohoru Takeda and Tetsuya Takakuwa

Part of the book: The Human Embryo

By Shigehito Yamada, Mark Hill and Tetsuya Takakuwa

The study of human embryology has a very long history. Modern embryology owes its initial development to the key embryo collections that began in the 19th century. The first large collection was that of Carnegie, and this was followed later by the major 7 collections. The second role of the Carnegie collection was for researchers to establish a defined set of Carnegie stages based on embryo morphological features. Today, embryos are imaged three-dimensionally (3D) by a range of imaging modalities including, magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM), episcopic fluorescence image capture (EFIC), phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography (pCT), and optical projection tomography (OPT). Historically, embryo serial images were reconstructed using wax-plate and model techniques. The above new 3D imaging techniques now allow 3D computer reconstructions, analysis, and even 3D printing. This chapter will describe how the classical embryology collections and techniques have developed into today’s imaging and analysis techniques, giving new insights to human embryonic development.

Part of the book: New Discoveries in Embryology

By Shiori Nakano, Haruyuki Makishima and Shigehito Yamada

Morphogenesis mainly occurs during embryonic stage, and congenital anomalies also occur at that time. The Kyoto Collection, one of the largest collections of human embryos, including a lot of those with congenital anomalies, is significantly helpful for analyzing embryonic growth. From the collection, normal and abnormal embryos have been selectively presented in this chapter. Recently developed imaging technology enabled three-dimensional (3D) imaging of embryos and fetuses in high resolution. The devices available for embryonic and fetal imaging and the results obtained therefrom are introduced in this chapter. In addition, new strategies for diagnosing congenital anomalies, such as autopsy imaging and genetic analyses, are discussed.

Part of the book: Congenital Anomalies