Nawal Al-Fadhil

By Mohamed Al-Abri, Ahmed Al-Hinai and Nawal Al-Fadhil

Endophthalmitis is a rare but potentially sight and organ-threatening ocular emergency characterized by marked intraocular inflammation. It can be categorized into two broad categories of exogenous and endogenous types. Exogenous endophthalmitis is caused by inoculation of the globe by either bacterial or fungal microorganisms from an external environment and most commonly occurs as a complication of intraocular surgeries or procedures and open globe injuries. Blurred vision and pain are the main symptoms, and gram-positive coagulase-negative organisms are the main etiology of exogenous endophthalmitis. Endogenous endophthalmitis is caused by the hematogenous spread of microorganisms from distant sites of the body into the globe. Both categories lead to subsequent intraocular inflammation and potentially severe visual and anatomical devastating consequences. In addition, they have different risk factors and causative microorganisms, and thus, require somehow different diagnostic and treatment approaches. In this review chapter, further review of infectious endophthalmitis in terms of risk factors, causative pathogens, clinical presentations, prognosis, prevention, and the latest therapeutic recommendations are discussed.

Part of the book: Eye Diseases

By Mohamed Al-Abri, Washoo Mal and Nawal Al-Fadhil

Cataract surgery is one of the most common and successful intraocular surgeries performed worldwide. However, sight-threatening complications that involve the posterior segment can occur. The incidence of such complications is relatively low, but it is important to recognize these complications early and treat them appropriately. In this chapter, we will address some of the important posterior segment complications of cataract surgery such as intraoperative complications (e.g., vitreous loss, retained lens matter, and suprachoroidal hemorrhage) and short- and long-term postoperative complications (e.g., postoperative endophthalmitis, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, cystoid macular edema and progression of preexisting diabetic retinopathy, and/or diabetic macular edema).

Part of the book: Cataract