Testing plane for evaluating the effect of temperature and humidity index.
\r\n\t
",isbn:"978-1-80355-946-9",printIsbn:"978-1-80355-945-2",pdfIsbn:"978-1-80355-947-6",doi:null,price:0,priceEur:0,priceUsd:0,slug:null,numberOfPages:0,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isSalesforceBook:!1,hash:"0df22064656b3dfe4d850a1da074cbe9",bookSignature:"Dr. Mohsen Mhadhbi",publishedDate:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11146.jpg",keywords:"Operating Modes, Fundamentals, Electron Diffraction, Materials, Optical Microscopy, Electron Microscopy, Analysis, Diffraction, Magnetic Force Microscopy, Lorentz Electron Microscopy, Medical Applications, Structural Applications",numberOfDownloads:111,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:0,numberOfTotalCitations:0,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"November 16th 2021",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"December 14th 2021",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"February 12th 2022",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"May 3rd 2022",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"July 2nd 2022",remainingDaysToSecondStep:"5 months",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,editedByType:null,kuFlag:!1,biosketch:"A pioneering researcher in the fields of nanomaterials and powder metallurgy, editor of several books, an expert with BioExpert Network, Mendeley Advisor, and SCIEX Innovation Advisory Board Member.",coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"228366",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohsen",middleName:null,surname:"Mhadhbi",slug:"mohsen-mhadhbi",fullName:"Mohsen Mhadhbi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/228366/images/system/228366.png",biography:"Dr. Mohsen Mhadhbi obtained his Ph.D. degree from the Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Tunisia. He is currently Assistant Professor of Chemistry in National Institute of Research and Physical-chemical Analysis, Tunisia. His research interests include material engineering, modelling, powder technology, and nanomaterials for mechanical and biomedical applications. Her published works in national and international impacted journals and books. He is a teacher in Chemistry. Hence, he supervised several researchers in materials science and nanometerials. He is a member of various scientific journals and associations and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute.",institutionString:"Tunis El Manar University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"2",institution:{name:"Tunis El Manar University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Tunisia"}}}],coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"20",title:"Physics",slug:"physics"}],chapters:[{id:"81119",title:"Scanning Electron Microscopy",slug:"scanning-electron-microscopy",totalDownloads:15,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"81692",title:"Analysis of Osteoporosis by Electron Microscopy",slug:"analysis-of-osteoporosis-by-electron-microscopy",totalDownloads:9,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"81815",title:"The Cytological Mechanism of Apospory in Paspalum notatum Analyzed by Differential Interference-Contrast Microscopy",slug:"the-cytological-mechanism-of-apospory-in-paspalum-notatum-analyzed-by-differential-interference-cont",totalDownloads:5,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"81362",title:"Investigation on Building Materials with the SEM in the ESEM mode to Demonstrate Their Capillarity Using the Contact Angle Method",slug:"investigation-on-building-materials-with-the-sem-in-the-esem-mode-to-demonstrate-their-capillarity-u",totalDownloads:10,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"80224",title:"Minerals Observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM)",slug:"minerals-observed-by-scanning-electron-microscopy-sem-transmission-electron-microscopy-tem-and-high-",totalDownloads:72,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"161472",title:"Dr.",name:"Nurit",surname:"Taitel-Goldman",slug:"nurit-taitel-goldman",fullName:"Nurit Taitel-Goldman"}]}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"440204",firstName:"Ana",lastName:"Cink",middleName:null,title:"Ms.",imageUrl:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/440204/images/20006_n.jpg",email:"ana.c@intechopen.com",biography:"As an Author Service Manager my responsibilities include monitoring and facilitating all publishing activities for authors and editors. From chapter submission and review, to approval and revision, copyediting and design, until final publication, I work closely with authors and editors to ensure a simple and easy publishing process. I maintain constant and effective communication with authors, editors and reviewers, which allows for a level of personal support that enables contributors to fully commit and concentrate on the chapters they are writing, editing, or reviewing. I assist authors in the preparation of their full chapter submissions and track important deadlines and ensure they are met. I help to coordinate internal processes such as linguistic review, and monitor the technical aspects of the process. As an ASM I am also involved in the acquisition of editors. Whether that be identifying an exceptional author and proposing an editorship collaboration, or contacting researchers who would like the opportunity to work with IntechOpen, I establish and help manage author and editor acquisition and contact."}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"6656",title:"Phase Change Materials and Their Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9b257f8386280bdde4633d36124787f2",slug:"phase-change-materials-and-their-applications",bookSignature:"Mohsen Mhadhbi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6656.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"228366",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohsen",surname:"Mhadhbi",slug:"mohsen-mhadhbi",fullName:"Mohsen Mhadhbi"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9894",title:"Advanced Ceramic Materials",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9adbe58d10d5ca2b61e9ff2b6b138f40",slug:"advanced-ceramic-materials",bookSignature:"Mohsen Mhadhbi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9894.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"228366",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohsen",surname:"Mhadhbi",slug:"mohsen-mhadhbi",fullName:"Mohsen Mhadhbi"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8356",title:"Metastable, Spintronics Materials and Mechanics of Deformable Bodies",subtitle:"Recent Progress",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1550f1986ce9bcc0db87d407a8b47078",slug:"solid-state-physics-metastable-spintronics-materials-and-mechanics-of-deformable-bodies-recent-progress",bookSignature:"Subbarayan Sivasankaran, Pramoda Kumar Nayak and Ezgi Günay",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8356.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"190989",title:"Dr.",name:"Subbarayan",surname:"Sivasankaran",slug:"subbarayan-sivasankaran",fullName:"Subbarayan Sivasankaran"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophile",surname:"Theophanides",slug:"theophile-theophanides",fullName:"Theophile Theophanides"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2270",title:"Fourier Transform",subtitle:"Materials Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e094b066da527193e878e160b4772af",slug:"fourier-transform-materials-analysis",bookSignature:"Salih Mohammed Salih",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2270.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"111691",title:"Dr.Ing.",name:"Salih",surname:"Salih",slug:"salih-salih",fullName:"Salih Salih"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"117",title:"Artificial Neural Networks",subtitle:"Methodological Advances and Biomedical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"artificial-neural-networks-methodological-advances-and-biomedical-applications",bookSignature:"Kenji Suzuki",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/117.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"3095",title:"Prof.",name:"Kenji",surname:"Suzuki",slug:"kenji-suzuki",fullName:"Kenji Suzuki"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"25675",title:"Insect Management with Aerosols in Food-Processing Facilities",doi:"10.5772/28959",slug:"insect-management-with-aerosols-in-food-processing-facilities",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/25675.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/25675",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/25675",totalDownloads:2515,totalViews:113,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:11,totalAltmetricsMentions:0,impactScore:3,impactScorePercentile:83,impactScoreQuartile:4,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:"March 3rd 2011",dateReviewed:"October 6th 2011",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"January 5th 2012",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/25675",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/25675",book:{id:"2036",slug:"insecticides-advances-in-integrated-pest-management"},signatures:"Dhana Raj Boina and Bhadriraju Subramanyam",authors:[{id:"75985",title:"Dr.",name:"Bhadriraju",middleName:null,surname:"Subramanyam",fullName:"Bhadriraju Subramanyam",slug:"bhadriraju-subramanyam",email:"sbhadrir@ksu.edu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:null},{id:"84027",title:"Dr.",name:"Dhana Raj",middleName:null,surname:"Boina",fullName:"Dhana Raj Boina",slug:"dhana-raj-boina",email:"drboina@ksu.edu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:{name:"Kansas State University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"2036",type:"book",title:"Insecticides",subtitle:"Advances in Integrated Pest Management",fullTitle:"Insecticides - Advances in Integrated Pest Management",slug:"insecticides-advances-in-integrated-pest-management",publishedDate:"January 5th 2012",bookSignature:"Farzana Perveen",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2036.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-307-780-2",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-4382-6",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",numberOfWosCitations:303,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"75563",title:"Dr.",name:"Farzana Khan",middleName:null,surname:"Perveen",slug:"farzana-khan-perveen",fullName:"Farzana Khan Perveen"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"318"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"25667",type:"chapter",title:"Integrated Pest Management and Spatial Structure",slug:"integrated-pest-management-and-spatial-structure",totalDownloads:2914,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Ernesto A. B. Lima, Wesley A. C. Godoy and Cláudia P. Ferreira",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"79421",title:"Dr.",name:"Claudia",middleName:null,surname:"Ferreira",fullName:"Claudia Ferreira",slug:"claudia-ferreira"},{id:"83415",title:"MSc.",name:"Ernesto",middleName:null,surname:"Lima",fullName:"Ernesto Lima",slug:"ernesto-lima"},{id:"83418",title:"Prof.",name:"Wesley",middleName:null,surname:"Godoy",fullName:"Wesley Godoy",slug:"wesley-godoy"}]},{id:"25668",type:"chapter",title:"Ecosmart Biorational Insecticides: Alternative Insect Control Strategies",slug:"ecosmart-biorational-insecticides-alternative-insect-control-strategies",totalDownloads:6697,totalCrossrefCites:5,signatures:"Hanem Fathy Khater",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"71812",title:"Prof.",name:"Hanem Fathy",middleName:"Fathy",surname:"Khater",fullName:"Hanem Fathy Khater",slug:"hanem-fathy-khater"}]},{id:"25669",type:"chapter",title:"Ecological Impacts of Insecticides",slug:"ecological-impacts-of-insecticides",totalDownloads:4163,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Francisco Sánchez-Bayo",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"74970",title:"Dr.",name:"Francisco",middleName:null,surname:"Sánchez-Bayo",fullName:"Francisco Sánchez-Bayo",slug:"francisco-sanchez-bayo"}]},{id:"25670",type:"chapter",title:"Insecticides as Strategic Weapons for Malaria Vector Control",slug:"insecticides-as-strategic-weapons-for-malaria-vector-control",totalDownloads:3293,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"Mauro Prato, Amina Khadjavi, Giorgia Mandili, Valerio G. Minero and Giuliana Giribaldi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"79787",title:"Prof.",name:"Mauro",middleName:null,surname:"Prato",fullName:"Mauro Prato",slug:"mauro-prato"},{id:"79792",title:"Dr.",name:"Amina",middleName:null,surname:"Khadjavi",fullName:"Amina Khadjavi",slug:"amina-khadjavi"},{id:"79793",title:"Dr.",name:"Giorgia",middleName:null,surname:"Mandili",fullName:"Giorgia Mandili",slug:"giorgia-mandili"},{id:"79794",title:"Dr.",name:"Giuliana",middleName:null,surname:"Giribaldi",fullName:"Giuliana Giribaldi",slug:"giuliana-giribaldi"},{id:"120221",title:"Dr.",name:"Valerio",middleName:"Giacomo",surname:"Minero",fullName:"Valerio Minero",slug:"valerio-minero"}]},{id:"25671",type:"chapter",title:"Insecticides and Parasitoids",slug:"insecticides-and-parasitoids",totalDownloads:3519,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Toshiharu Tanaka and Chieka Minakuchi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"74613",title:"Prof.",name:"Toshiharu",middleName:null,surname:"Tanaka",fullName:"Toshiharu Tanaka",slug:"toshiharu-tanaka"},{id:"137660",title:"Prof.",name:"Chieka",middleName:null,surname:"Minakuchi",fullName:"Chieka Minakuchi",slug:"chieka-minakuchi"}]},{id:"25672",type:"chapter",title:"Health and Insecticides",slug:"health-and-insecticides",totalDownloads:2791,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Nadeem Sheikh",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"78154",title:"Dr.",name:"Nadeem",middleName:null,surname:"Sheikh",fullName:"Nadeem Sheikh",slug:"nadeem-sheikh"}]},{id:"25673",type:"chapter",title:"The Influence of Synthetic Pyrethroids on Memory Processes, Movement Activity and Co-Ordination in Mice",slug:"the-influence-of-synthetic-pyrethroids-on-memory-processes-movement-activity-and-co-ordination-in-mi",totalDownloads:2030,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Barbara Nieradko-Iwanicka",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"75322",title:"Dr.",name:"Barbara",middleName:null,surname:"Nieradko-Iwanicka",fullName:"Barbara Nieradko-Iwanicka",slug:"barbara-nieradko-iwanicka"}]},{id:"25674",type:"chapter",title:"Metabolism of Pesticides by Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes In Vitro – A Survey",slug:"metabolism-of-pesticides-by-human-cytochrome-p450-enzymes-in-vitro-a-survey",totalDownloads:3425,totalCrossrefCites:6,signatures:"Khaled Abass, Miia Turpeinen, Arja Rautio, Jukka Hakkola and Olavi Pelkonen",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"13581",title:"Dr.",name:"Khaled",middleName:"M.",surname:"Abass",fullName:"Khaled Abass",slug:"khaled-abass"},{id:"23801",title:"Dr.",name:"Miia",middleName:null,surname:"Turpeinen",fullName:"Miia Turpeinen",slug:"miia-turpeinen"},{id:"23803",title:"Prof.",name:"Olavi",middleName:null,surname:"Pelkonen",fullName:"Olavi Pelkonen",slug:"olavi-pelkonen"},{id:"80229",title:"Prof.",name:"Jukka",middleName:null,surname:"Hakkola",fullName:"Jukka Hakkola",slug:"jukka-hakkola"},{id:"83754",title:"Prof.",name:"Arja",middleName:null,surname:"Rautio",fullName:"Arja Rautio",slug:"arja-rautio"}]},{id:"25675",type:"chapter",title:"Insect Management with Aerosols in Food-Processing Facilities",slug:"insect-management-with-aerosols-in-food-processing-facilities",totalDownloads:2515,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Dhana Raj Boina and Bhadriraju Subramanyam",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"75985",title:"Dr.",name:"Bhadriraju",middleName:null,surname:"Subramanyam",fullName:"Bhadriraju Subramanyam",slug:"bhadriraju-subramanyam"},{id:"84027",title:"Dr.",name:"Dhana Raj",middleName:null,surname:"Boina",fullName:"Dhana Raj Boina",slug:"dhana-raj-boina"}]},{id:"25676",type:"chapter",title:"The Sophisticated Peptide Chemistry of Venomous Animals as a Source of Novel Insecticides Acting on Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels",slug:"the-sophisticated-peptide-chemistry-of-venomous-animals-as-a-source-of-novel-insecticides-acting-on-",totalDownloads:1457,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Peigneur Steve and Tytgat Jan",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"86604",title:"Dr",name:"Jan",middleName:null,surname:"Tytgat",fullName:"Jan Tytgat",slug:"jan-tytgat"}]},{id:"25677",type:"chapter",title:"Pyrethroid Insecticides: Use, Environmental Fate, and Ecotoxicology",slug:"pyrethroid-insecticides-use-environmental-fate-and-ecotoxicology",totalDownloads:8122,totalCrossrefCites:48,signatures:"Katherine Palmquist, Johanna Salatas and Anne Fairbrother",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"78143",title:"Dr.",name:"Katherine",middleName:null,surname:"Palmquist",fullName:"Katherine Palmquist",slug:"katherine-palmquist"},{id:"83492",title:"MSc",name:"Johanna",middleName:null,surname:"Salatas",fullName:"Johanna Salatas",slug:"johanna-salatas"},{id:"83493",title:"Dr.",name:"Anne",middleName:null,surname:"Fairbrother",fullName:"Anne Fairbrother",slug:"anne-fairbrother"}]},{id:"25678",type:"chapter",title:"Hepatic Effects from Subacute Exposure to Insecticides in Adult Male Wistar Rats",slug:"hepatic-effects-from-subacute-exposure-to-insecticides-in-adult-male-wistar-rats",totalDownloads:3119,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"María-Lourdes Aldana-Madrid, Mineko Shibayama, Margarita Calderon, Angélica Silva, María-Isabel Silveira-Gramont, Víctor Tsutsumi, Fabiola-Gabriela Zuno-Floriano and Ana-Rosa Rincón-Sánchez",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"83125",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria Lourdes",middleName:null,surname:"Aldana Madrid",fullName:"Maria Lourdes Aldana Madrid",slug:"maria-lourdes-aldana-madrid"},{id:"84136",title:"Dr.",name:"Mineko",middleName:null,surname:"Shibayama",fullName:"Mineko Shibayama",slug:"mineko-shibayama"},{id:"84138",title:"MSc.",name:"Margarita",middleName:null,surname:"Calderón",fullName:"Margarita Calderón",slug:"margarita-calderon"},{id:"84142",title:"MSc.",name:"Angelica",middleName:null,surname:"Silva",fullName:"Angelica Silva",slug:"angelica-silva"},{id:"84143",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria Isabel",middleName:null,surname:"Silveira",fullName:"Maria Isabel Silveira",slug:"maria-isabel-silveira"},{id:"84144",title:"Dr.",name:"Victor",middleName:null,surname:"Tsutsumi",fullName:"Victor Tsutsumi",slug:"victor-tsutsumi"},{id:"84148",title:"Dr.",name:"Fabiola G.",middleName:null,surname:"Zuno Floriano",fullName:"Fabiola G. Zuno Floriano",slug:"fabiola-g.-zuno-floriano"},{id:"84149",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana Rosa",middleName:null,surname:"Rincon Sanchez",fullName:"Ana Rosa Rincon Sanchez",slug:"ana-rosa-rincon-sanchez"}]},{id:"25679",type:"chapter",title:"Biochemical Analyses of Action of Chlorfluazuron as Reproductive Inhibitor in Spodoptera litura",slug:"biochemical-analyses-of-action-of-chlorfluazuron-as-reproductive-inhibitor-in-spodoptera-litura",totalDownloads:2541,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Farzana Perveen",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"75563",title:"Dr.",name:"Farzana Khan",middleName:null,surname:"Perveen",fullName:"Farzana Khan Perveen",slug:"farzana-khan-perveen"}]},{id:"25680",type:"chapter",title:"Insecticide Treatment and Physiological Quality of Seeds",slug:"insecticide-treatment-and-physiological-quality-of-seeds",totalDownloads:3836,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"Lilian Gomes de Moraes Dan, Hugo de Almeida Dan, Alessandro de Lucca e Braccini, Alberto Leão de Lemos Barroso, Thiago Toshio Ricci, Gleberson Guillen Piccinin and Carlos Alberto Scapim",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"21048",title:"Dr.",name:"Alessandro",middleName:null,surname:"Lucca Braccini",fullName:"Alessandro Lucca Braccini",slug:"alessandro-lucca-braccini"},{id:"76515",title:"Dr.",name:"Lilian",middleName:"Gomes De Moraes",surname:"Dan",fullName:"Lilian Dan",slug:"lilian-dan"},{id:"96951",title:"Dr.",name:"Hugo",middleName:"Almeida",surname:"Dan",fullName:"Hugo Dan",slug:"hugo-dan"},{id:"107361",title:"Dr.",name:"Alberto",middleName:null,surname:"Leão De Lemos Barroso",fullName:"Alberto Leão De Lemos Barroso",slug:"alberto-leao-de-lemos-barroso"},{id:"111430",title:"MSc.",name:"Thiago",middleName:null,surname:"Toshio Ricci",fullName:"Thiago Toshio Ricci",slug:"thiago-toshio-ricci"},{id:"111434",title:"MSc.",name:"Gleberson",middleName:null,surname:"Guillen Piccinin",fullName:"Gleberson Guillen Piccinin",slug:"gleberson-guillen-piccinin"},{id:"121302",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos Alberto",middleName:null,surname:"Scapim",fullName:"Carlos Alberto Scapim",slug:"carlos-alberto-scapim"}]},{id:"25681",type:"chapter",title:"The Effect of Insecticides on Pest Control and Productivity of Winter and Spring Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)",slug:"the-effect-of-insecticides-on-pest-control-and-productivity-of-winter-and-spring-oilseed-rape-brassi",totalDownloads:2606,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Eglė Petraitienė, Irena Brazauskienė and Birutė Vaitelyte",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"73408",title:"Dr.",name:"Egle",middleName:null,surname:"Petraitiene",fullName:"Egle Petraitiene",slug:"egle-petraitiene"}]},{id:"25682",type:"chapter",title:"Secondary Metabolism as a Measurement of Efficacy of Botanical Extracts: The Use of Azadirachta indica (Neem) as a Model",slug:"secondary-metabolism-as-a-measurement-of-efficacy-of-botanical-extracts-the-use-of-azadirachta-indic",totalDownloads:8709,totalCrossrefCites:4,signatures:"Moacir Rossi Forim, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da Silva and João Batista Fernandes",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"72202",title:"Dr.",name:"Moacir",middleName:"Rossi",surname:"Forim",fullName:"Moacir Forim",slug:"moacir-forim"},{id:"82255",title:"Prof.",name:"Maria Fátima",middleName:null,surname:"Da Silva",fullName:"Maria Fátima Da Silva",slug:"maria-fatima-da-silva"},{id:"83702",title:"Prof.",name:"João",middleName:null,surname:"Fernandes",fullName:"João Fernandes",slug:"joao-fernandes"}]},{id:"25683",type:"chapter",title:"Comparative Results of Action of Natural and Synthetic Acaricides in Reproductive and Salivar Systems of Rhipicephalus sanguineus - Searching by a Sustainable Ticks Control",slug:"comparative-results-of-action-of-natural-and-synthetic-acaricides-in-reproductive-and-salivar-system",totalDownloads:2522,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Maria Izabel Camargo Mathias",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"55145",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria",middleName:"Izabel",surname:"Camargo-Mathias",fullName:"Maria Camargo-Mathias",slug:"maria-camargo-mathias"}]},{id:"25684",type:"chapter",title:"Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) as Source of Bioinsectides",slug:"neem-tree-azadirachta-indica-a-juss-as-source-of-bioinsectides",totalDownloads:8068,totalCrossrefCites:8,signatures:"Marcello Nicoletti, Oliviero Maccioni, Tiziana Coccioletti, Susanna Mariani and Fabio Vitali",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"65501",title:"Prof.",name:"Marcello",middleName:null,surname:"Nicoletti",fullName:"Marcello Nicoletti",slug:"marcello-nicoletti"},{id:"75357",title:"Dr",name:"Susanna",middleName:null,surname:"Mariani",fullName:"Susanna Mariani",slug:"susanna-mariani"},{id:"127546",title:"Ms.",name:"Tiziana",middleName:null,surname:"Coccioletti",fullName:"Tiziana Coccioletti",slug:"tiziana-coccioletti"},{id:"127547",title:"Dr.",name:"Oliviero",middleName:null,surname:"Maccioni",fullName:"Oliviero Maccioni",slug:"oliviero-maccioni"}]},{id:"25685",type:"chapter",title:"Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Insecticides",slug:"reproductive-and-developmental-toxicity-of-insecticides",totalDownloads:7359,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Ferdinand Ngoula, Omer Bébé Ngouateu, Jean Raphaël Kana, Henry Fualefac Defang, Pierre Watcho, Pierre Kamtchouing and Joseph Tchoumboué",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"76689",title:"Dr.",name:"Ngoula",middleName:null,surname:"Ferdinand",fullName:"Ngoula Ferdinand",slug:"ngoula-ferdinand"},{id:"83778",title:"MSc.",name:"Ngouateu",middleName:null,surname:"Omer Bébé",fullName:"Ngouateu Omer Bébé",slug:"ngouateu-omer-bebe"},{id:"83782",title:"Dr.",name:"Kana",middleName:null,surname:"Raphael",fullName:"Kana Raphael",slug:"kana-raphael"},{id:"83795",title:"Dr.",name:"Watcho",middleName:null,surname:"Pierre",fullName:"Watcho Pierre",slug:"watcho-pierre"},{id:"85465",title:"Dr.",name:"DEFANG",middleName:null,surname:"Fualefack Henry",fullName:"DEFANG Fualefack Henry",slug:"defang-fualefack-henry"},{id:"85466",title:"Dr.",name:"KENFACK",middleName:null,surname:"Augustave",fullName:"KENFACK Augustave",slug:"kenfack-augustave"},{id:"85467",title:"Prof.",name:"Kamtchouing",middleName:null,surname:"Pierre",fullName:"Kamtchouing Pierre",slug:"kamtchouing-pierre"},{id:"85468",title:"Dr.",name:"TCHOUMBOUÉ",middleName:null,surname:"Joseph",fullName:"TCHOUMBOUÉ Joseph",slug:"tchoumboue-joseph"}]},{id:"25686",type:"chapter",title:"Pyrethroid Resistance in Insects: Genes, Mechanisms, and Regulation",slug:"pyrethroid-resistance-in-insects-genes-mechanisms-and-regulation",totalDownloads:4345,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Nannan Liu",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"75184",title:"Dr",name:"Nannan",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",fullName:"Nannan Liu",slug:"nannan-liu"}]},{id:"25687",type:"chapter",title:"Insecticide Resistance",slug:"insecticide-resistance",totalDownloads:7303,totalCrossrefCites:4,signatures:"Sakine Ugurlu Karaağaç",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"72702",title:"Dr.",name:"Sakine",middleName:null,surname:"Ugurlu Karaagac",fullName:"Sakine Ugurlu Karaagac",slug:"sakine-ugurlu-karaagac"}]},{id:"25688",type:"chapter",title:"Review on Current Analytical Methods with Chromatographic and Nonchromatographic Techniques for New Generation Insecticide Neonicotinoids",slug:"review-on-current-analytical-methods-with-chromatographic-and-nonchromatographic-techniques-for-new-",totalDownloads:4173,totalCrossrefCites:6,signatures:"Eiki Watanabe",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"72495",title:"Dr.",name:"Eiki",middleName:null,surname:"Watanabe",fullName:"Eiki Watanabe",slug:"eiki-watanabe"}]},{id:"25689",type:"chapter",title:"IPM Program to Control Coffee Berry Borer Hypothenemus hampei, with Emphasis on Highly Pathogenic Mixed Strains of Beauveria bassiana, to Overcome Insecticide Resistance in Colombia",slug:"ipm-program-to-control-coffee-berry-borer-hypothenemus-hampei-with-emphasis-on-highly-pathogenic-mix",totalDownloads:5790,totalCrossrefCites:6,signatures:"Pablo Benavides, Carmenza Góngora and Alex Bustillo",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"75187",title:"Dr.",name:"Pablo",middleName:null,surname:"Benavides",fullName:"Pablo Benavides",slug:"pablo-benavides"},{id:"83874",title:"Dr.",name:"Carmenza",middleName:null,surname:"Gongora",fullName:"Carmenza Gongora",slug:"carmenza-gongora"},{id:"125726",title:"Dr.",name:"Alex",middleName:null,surname:"Bustillo",fullName:"Alex Bustillo",slug:"alex-bustillo"}]},{id:"25690",type:"chapter",title:"Electroanalysis of Insecticides at Carbon Paste Electrodes with Particular Emphasis on Selected Neonicotinoid Derivatives",slug:"electroanalysis-of-insecticides-at-carbon-paste-electrodes-with-particular-emphasis-on-selected-neon",totalDownloads:2373,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Valéria Guzsvány, Zsigmond Papp, Ivan Švancara and Karel Vytřas",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"76498",title:"Dr.",name:"Valéria",middleName:null,surname:"Guzsvány",fullName:"Valéria Guzsvány",slug:"valeria-guzsvany"},{id:"83484",title:"Dr.",name:"Zsigmond",middleName:null,surname:"Papp",fullName:"Zsigmond Papp",slug:"zsigmond-papp"},{id:"83485",title:"Prof.",name:"Ivan",middleName:"--",surname:"Švancara",fullName:"Ivan Švancara",slug:"ivan-svancara"},{id:"83486",title:"Prof.",name:"Karel",middleName:null,surname:"Vytřas",fullName:"Karel Vytřas",slug:"karel-vytras"}]},{id:"25691",type:"chapter",title:"Insecticide Activity of Lectins and Secondary Metabolites",slug:"insecticide-activity-of-lectins-and-secondary-metabolites",totalDownloads:4230,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Patrícia M.G. Paiva, Thiago H. Napoleão, Roberto A. Sá and Luana C.B.B. Coelho",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"78098",title:"Dr.",name:"Luana Cassandra",middleName:null,surname:"Coelho",fullName:"Luana Cassandra Coelho",slug:"luana-cassandra-coelho"},{id:"79304",title:"Dr.",name:"Patricia",middleName:null,surname:"Paiva",fullName:"Patricia Paiva",slug:"patricia-paiva"},{id:"80033",title:"MSc.",name:"Thiago",middleName:"Henrique",surname:"Napoleao",fullName:"Thiago Napoleao",slug:"thiago-napoleao"},{id:"82419",title:"Dr.",name:"Roberto",middleName:null,surname:"Sa",fullName:"Roberto Sa",slug:"roberto-sa"}]},{id:"25692",type:"chapter",title:"Mosquito Control Aerosols’ Efficacy Based on Pyrethroids Constituents",slug:"mosquito-control-aerosols-efficacy-based-on-pyrethroids-constituents",totalDownloads:4361,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Dylo Pemba and Chifundo Kadangwe",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"76257",title:"Dr.",name:"Dylo",middleName:null,surname:"Pemba",fullName:"Dylo Pemba",slug:"dylo-pemba"},{id:"125953",title:"BSc.",name:"Chifundo",middleName:null,surname:"Kadangwe",fullName:"Chifundo Kadangwe",slug:"chifundo-kadangwe"}]},{id:"25693",type:"chapter",title:"Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis to Insect Control: Process Development of Small Scale Production to Pilot-Plant-Fermenters",slug:"bacillus-sphaericus-and-bacillus-thuringiensis-to-insect-control-process-development-of-small-scale-",totalDownloads:5877,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Christine Lamenha Luna-Finkler and Leandro Finkler",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"74090",title:"Dr.",name:"Christine",middleName:"Lamenha",surname:"Luna-Finkler",fullName:"Christine Luna-Finkler",slug:"christine-luna-finkler"},{id:"124262",title:"Dr.",name:"Leandro",middleName:null,surname:"Finkler",fullName:"Leandro Finkler",slug:"leandro-finkler"}]},{id:"25694",type:"chapter",title:"Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Nematoda: Rhabditida) in Slovenia: From Tabula Rasa to Implementation into Crop Production Systems",slug:"entomopathogenic-nematodes-nematoda-rhabditida-in-slovenia-from-tabula-rasa-to-implementation-into-c",totalDownloads:3576,totalCrossrefCites:5,signatures:"Žiga Laznik and Stanislav Trdan",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"78285",title:"Prof.",name:"Stanislav",middleName:null,surname:"Trdan",fullName:"Stanislav Trdan",slug:"stanislav-trdan"},{id:"78340",title:"Dr.",name:"Žiga",middleName:null,surname:"Laznik",fullName:"Žiga Laznik",slug:"ziga-laznik"}]},{id:"25695",type:"chapter",title:"New Mosquito Control Techniques as Countermeasures Against Insecticide Resistance",slug:"new-mosquito-control-techniques-as-countermeasures-against-insecticide-resistance",totalDownloads:3409,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Hitoshi Kawada",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"75395",title:"Dr.",name:"Hitoshi",middleName:null,surname:"Kawada",fullName:"Hitoshi Kawada",slug:"hitoshi-kawada"}]},{id:"25696",type:"chapter",title:"Insecticides for Vector-Borne Diseases: Current Use, Benefits, Hazard and Resistance",slug:"insecticides-for-vector-borne-diseases-current-use-benefits-hazard-and-resistance",totalDownloads:3689,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Yousif E. Himeidan, Emmanuel A. Temu and Eliningaya J. Kweka",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"78220",title:"Dr.",name:"Yousif",middleName:"E.",surname:"Himeidan",fullName:"Yousif Himeidan",slug:"yousif-himeidan"},{id:"123575",title:"Dr.",name:"Emmanuel",middleName:null,surname:"Temu",fullName:"Emmanuel Temu",slug:"emmanuel-temu"},{id:"123576",title:"Prof.",name:"Eliningaya",middleName:null,surname:"Kweka",fullName:"Eliningaya Kweka",slug:"eliningaya-kweka"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"843",title:"Insecticides",subtitle:"Pest Engineering",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"88f3cc3c937f853057f544c152ef7491",slug:"insecticides-pest-engineering",bookSignature:"Farzana Perveen",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/843.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"75563",title:"Dr.",name:"Farzana Khan",surname:"Perveen",slug:"farzana-khan-perveen",fullName:"Farzana Khan Perveen"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"28254",title:"Insecticide",slug:"insecticide",signatures:"A. C. Achudume",authors:[{id:"72079",title:"Dr.",name:"Albert",middleName:"C.",surname:"Achudume",fullName:"Albert Achudume",slug:"albert-achudume"}]},{id:"28255",title:"Chlorfluazuron as Reproductive Inhibitor",slug:"chlorfluazuron-as-reproductive-inhibitor",signatures:"Farzana Perveen",authors:[{id:"75563",title:"Dr.",name:"Farzana Khan",middleName:null,surname:"Perveen",fullName:"Farzana Khan Perveen",slug:"farzana-khan-perveen"}]},{id:"28256",title:"Organophosphorus Insecticides and Glucose Homeostasis",slug:"organophosphorus-insecticides-and-glucose-homeostasis",signatures:"Apurva Kumar R. Joshi and P.S. Rajini",authors:[{id:"75118",title:"Dr.",name:"Padmanabhan",middleName:null,surname:"Rajini",fullName:"Padmanabhan Rajini",slug:"padmanabhan-rajini"},{id:"83243",title:"Dr.",name:"Apurva Kumar",middleName:"Ramesh",surname:"Joshi",fullName:"Apurva Kumar Joshi",slug:"apurva-kumar-joshi"}]},{id:"28257",title:"The Toxicity of Fenitrothion and Permethrin",slug:"the-toxicity-of-fenitrothion-and-permethrin",signatures:"Dong Wang, Hisao Naito and Tamie Nakajima",authors:[{id:"71957",title:"Prof.",name:"Tamie",middleName:null,surname:"Nakajima",fullName:"Tamie Nakajima",slug:"tamie-nakajima"},{id:"83511",title:"MSc.",name:"Dong",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Dong Wang",slug:"dong-wang"},{id:"83512",title:"Dr.",name:"Hisao",middleName:null,surname:"Naito",fullName:"Hisao Naito",slug:"hisao-naito"}]},{id:"28258",title:"DDT and Its Metabolites in Mexico",slug:"ddt-and-its-metabolites-in-mexico",signatures:"Iván Nelinho Pérez Maldonado, Jorge Alejandro Alegría-Torres, Octavio Gaspar-Ramírez, Francisco Javier Pérez Vázquez, Sandra Teresa Orta-Garcia and Lucia Guadalupe Pruneda Álvarez",authors:[{id:"75051",title:"Dr.",name:"Ivan Nelinho",middleName:null,surname:"Perez-Maldonado",fullName:"Ivan Nelinho Perez-Maldonado",slug:"ivan-nelinho-perez-maldonado"},{id:"82902",title:"MSc.",name:"Lucia Guadalupe",middleName:null,surname:"Pruneda Alvarez",fullName:"Lucia Guadalupe Pruneda Alvarez",slug:"lucia-guadalupe-pruneda-alvarez"},{id:"82905",title:"MSc.",name:"Francisco Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Perez Vazquez",fullName:"Francisco Javier Perez Vazquez",slug:"francisco-javier-perez-vazquez"},{id:"122335",title:"Dr.",name:"Jorge Alejandro",middleName:null,surname:"Alegría-Torres",fullName:"Jorge Alejandro Alegría-Torres",slug:"jorge-alejandro-alegria-torres"},{id:"122336",title:"Dr.",name:"Octavio",middleName:null,surname:"Gaspar-Ramírez",fullName:"Octavio Gaspar-Ramírez",slug:"octavio-gaspar-ramirez"},{id:"122337",title:"Dr.",name:"Sandra Teresa",middleName:null,surname:"Orta-García",fullName:"Sandra Teresa Orta-García",slug:"sandra-teresa-orta-garcia"}]},{id:"28259",title:"Presence of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in Croatia and Evaluation of Its Genotoxicity",slug:"presence-of-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-ddt-in-croatia-and-evaluation-of-its-genotoxicity",signatures:"Goran Gajski, Marko Gerić, Sanda Ravlić, Željka Capuder and Vera Garaj-Vrhovac",authors:[{id:"81623",title:"Prof.",name:"Vera",middleName:null,surname:"Garaj-Vrhovac",fullName:"Vera Garaj-Vrhovac",slug:"vera-garaj-vrhovac"},{id:"120390",title:"Dr.",name:"Goran",middleName:null,surname:"Gajski",fullName:"Goran Gajski",slug:"goran-gajski"},{id:"120391",title:"Mr.",name:"Marko",middleName:null,surname:"Gerić",fullName:"Marko Gerić",slug:"marko-geric"},{id:"120392",title:"Ms.",name:"Sanda",middleName:null,surname:"Ravlić",fullName:"Sanda Ravlić",slug:"sanda-ravlic"},{id:"120393",title:"MSc.",name:"Željka",middleName:null,surname:"Capuder",fullName:"Željka Capuder",slug:"zeljka-capuder"}]},{id:"28260",title:"Vector Control Using Insecticides",slug:"vector-control-using-insecticides",signatures:"Alhaji Aliyu",authors:[{id:"73998",title:"Dr.",name:"Alhaji",middleName:null,surname:"Aliyu",fullName:"Alhaji Aliyu",slug:"alhaji-aliyu"}]},{id:"28261",title:"Susceptibility Status of Aedes aegypti to Insecticides in Colombia",slug:"susceptibility-status-of-aedes-aegypti-to-insecticides-in-colombia",signatures:"Ronald Maestre Serrano",authors:[{id:"86194",title:"Dr.",name:"Ronald",middleName:"Yesid",surname:"Maestre Serrano",fullName:"Ronald Maestre Serrano",slug:"ronald-maestre-serrano"}]},{id:"28262",title:"Behavioral Responses of Mosquitoes to Insecticides",slug:"behavioral-responses-of-mosquitoes-to-insecticides",signatures:"Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap",authors:[{id:"75315",title:"Prof.",name:"Theeraphap",middleName:null,surname:"Chareonviriyaphap",fullName:"Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap",slug:"theeraphap-chareonviriyaphap"}]},{id:"28263",title:"Essential Plant Oils and Insecticidal Activity in Culex quinquefasciatus",slug:"essential-plant-oils-and-insecticidal-activity-in-culex-quinquefasciatus",signatures:"Maureen Leyva, Olinka Tiomno, Juan E. Tacoronte, Maria del Carmen Marquetti and Domingo Montada",authors:[{id:"71668",title:"MSc.",name:"Maureen",middleName:null,surname:"Leyva",fullName:"Maureen Leyva",slug:"maureen-leyva"}]},{id:"28264",title:"Biological Control of Mosquito Larvae by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis",slug:"biological-control-of-mosquito-larvae-by-bacillus-thuringiensis-subsp-israelensis",signatures:"Mario Ramírez-Lepe and Montserrat Ramírez-Suero",authors:[{id:"76645",title:"Dr.",name:"Mario",middleName:null,surname:"Ramirez-Lepe",fullName:"Mario Ramirez-Lepe",slug:"mario-ramirez-lepe"},{id:"80064",title:"Dr.",name:"Montserrat",middleName:null,surname:"Ramirez-Suero",fullName:"Montserrat Ramirez-Suero",slug:"montserrat-ramirez-suero"}]},{id:"28265",title:"Metabolism of Pyrethroids by Mosquito Cytochrome P450 Enzymes: Impact on Vector Control",slug:"metabolism-of-pyrethroids-by-mosquito-cytochrome-p450-enzymes-impact-on-vector-control",signatures:"Pornpimol Rongnoparut, Sirikun Pethuan, Songklod Sarapusit and Panida Lertkiatmongkol",authors:[{id:"75411",title:"Dr.",name:"Pornpimol",middleName:null,surname:"Rongnoparut",fullName:"Pornpimol Rongnoparut",slug:"pornpimol-rongnoparut"}]},{id:"28266",title:"Bioactive Natural Products from Sapindaceae Deterrent and Toxic Metabolites Against Insects",slug:"bioactive-natural-products-from-sapindacea-deterrent-and-toxic-metabolites-against-insects",signatures:"Martina Díaz and Carmen Rossini",authors:[{id:"79516",title:"Dr",name:"Carmen",middleName:null,surname:"Rossini",fullName:"Carmen Rossini",slug:"carmen-rossini"},{id:"80879",title:"Prof.",name:"Martina",middleName:null,surname:"Díaz",fullName:"Martina Díaz",slug:"martina-diaz"}]},{id:"28267",title:"Pest Management Strategies for Potato Insect Pests in the Pacific Northwest of the United States",slug:"pest-management-strategies-for-potato-insect-pests-in-the-pacific-northwest-of-the-united-states",signatures:"Silvia I. Rondon",authors:[{id:"85253",title:"Dr.",name:"Silvia",middleName:null,surname:"Rondon",fullName:"Silvia Rondon",slug:"silvia-rondon"}]},{id:"28268",title:"Management of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) with Insecticides on Tomatoes",slug:"management-of-tuta-absoluta-lepidoptera-gelechiidae-with-insecticides-on-tomatoes",signatures:"Mohamed Braham and Lobna Hajji",authors:[{id:"71634",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohamed",middleName:null,surname:"Braham",fullName:"Mohamed Braham",slug:"mohamed-braham"}]},{id:"28269",title:"Management Strategies for Western Flower Thrips and the Role of Insecticides",slug:"management-strategies-for-western-flower-thrips-and-the-role-of-insecticides",signatures:"Stuart R. Reitz and Joe Funderburk",authors:[{id:"77440",title:"Dr.",name:"Stuart",middleName:null,surname:"Reitz",fullName:"Stuart Reitz",slug:"stuart-reitz"},{id:"83482",title:"Dr.",name:"Joe",middleName:null,surname:"Funderburk",fullName:"Joe Funderburk",slug:"joe-funderburk"}]},{id:"28270",title:"The Past and Present of Pear Protection Against the Pear Psylla, Cacopsylla pyri L.",slug:"the-past-and-present-of-pear-protection-against-the-pear-psylla-cacopsylla-pyri-l-",signatures:"Stefano Civolani",authors:[{id:"73950",title:"Dr.",name:"Stefano",middleName:null,surname:"Civolani",fullName:"Stefano Civolani",slug:"stefano-civolani"}]},{id:"28271",title:"Effects of Kaolin Particle Film and Imidacloprid on Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter (Homalodisca vitripennis ) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Populations and the Prevention of Spread of Xylella fastidiosa in Grape",slug:"effects-of-kaolin-particle-film-and-imidacloprid-on-glassy-winged-sharpshooter-homalodisca-vitripenn",signatures:"K.M. Tubajika, G.J. Puterka, N.C. Toscano, J. Chen and E.L. Civerolo",authors:[{id:"76412",title:"Dr",name:"Kayimbi",middleName:null,surname:"Tubajika",fullName:"Kayimbi Tubajika",slug:"kayimbi-tubajika"},{id:"82246",title:"Dr.",name:"Gary",middleName:null,surname:"Puterka",fullName:"Gary Puterka",slug:"gary-puterka"},{id:"90372",title:"Prof.",name:"Nick",middleName:null,surname:"Toscano",fullName:"Nick Toscano",slug:"nick-toscano"},{id:"109426",title:"Dr.",name:"Jianchi",middleName:null,surname:"Chen",fullName:"Jianchi Chen",slug:"jianchi-chen"},{id:"109427",title:"Dr.",name:"Edwin",middleName:null,surname:"Civerolo",fullName:"Edwin Civerolo",slug:"edwin-civerolo"}]},{id:"28272",title:"Use and Management of Pesticides in Small Fruit Production",slug:"use-and-management-of-pesticides-in-small-fruit-production",signatures:"Carlos García Salazar, Anamaría Gómez Rodas and John C. Wise",authors:[{id:"75562",title:"Dr",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Garcia-Salazar",fullName:"Carlos Garcia-Salazar",slug:"carlos-garcia-salazar"}]},{id:"28273",title:"The Conundrum of Chemical Boll Weevil Control in Subtropical Regions",slug:"the-conundrum-of-chemical-boll-weevil-control-in-subtropical-regions",signatures:"Allan T. Showler",authors:[{id:"72273",title:"Dr.",name:"Allan T.",middleName:null,surname:"Showler",fullName:"Allan T. Showler",slug:"allan-t.-showler"}]},{id:"28274",title:"Management of Tsetse Fly Using Insecticides in Northern Botswana",slug:"management-of-tsetse-fly-using-insecticides-in-northern-botswana",signatures:"C. N. Kurugundla, P. M. Kgori and N. Moleele",authors:[{id:"73921",title:"Dr.",name:"Chandrasekar Naidu",middleName:null,surname:"Kurugundla",fullName:"Chandrasekar Naidu Kurugundla",slug:"chandrasekar-naidu-kurugundla"},{id:"83853",title:"MSc.",name:"Patrick",middleName:"Mokula",surname:"Kgori",fullName:"Patrick Kgori",slug:"patrick-kgori"},{id:"83856",title:"Dr.",name:"Nkobi",middleName:null,surname:"Moleele",fullName:"Nkobi Moleele",slug:"nkobi-moleele"}]},{id:"28275",title:"Trends in Insecticide Resistance in Natural Populations of Malaria Vectors in Burkina Faso, West Africa: 10 Years’ Surveys",slug:"trends-in-insecticide-resistance-in-natural-populations-of-malaria-vectors-in-burkina-faso-west-afri",signatures:"K. R. Dabiré, A. Diabaté, M. Namountougou, L. Djogbenou, C. Wondji, F. Chandre, F. Simard, J-B. Ouédraogo, T. Martin, M. Weill and T. Baldet",authors:[{id:"75213",title:"Dr.",name:"Kounbobr Roch",middleName:null,surname:"Dabiré",fullName:"Kounbobr Roch Dabiré",slug:"kounbobr-roch-dabire"},{id:"140689",title:"Dr.",name:"Abdoulaye",middleName:null,surname:"Diabate",fullName:"Abdoulaye Diabate",slug:"abdoulaye-diabate"},{id:"140690",title:"Dr.",name:"Moussa",middleName:null,surname:"Namountougou",fullName:"Moussa Namountougou",slug:"moussa-namountougou"},{id:"140691",title:"Dr.",name:"Luc",middleName:null,surname:"Djogbenou",fullName:"Luc Djogbenou",slug:"luc-djogbenou"},{id:"140692",title:"Dr.",name:"Charles S.",middleName:null,surname:"Wondji",fullName:"Charles S. Wondji",slug:"charles-s.-wondji"},{id:"140693",title:"Dr.",name:"Fabrice",middleName:null,surname:"Chandre",fullName:"Fabrice Chandre",slug:"fabrice-chandre"},{id:"140694",title:"Dr.",name:"Frédéric",middleName:null,surname:"Simard",fullName:"Frédéric Simard",slug:"frederic-simard"},{id:"140695",title:"Dr.",name:"Jean-Bosco",middleName:null,surname:"Ouédraogo",fullName:"Jean-Bosco Ouédraogo",slug:"jean-bosco-ouedraogo"},{id:"140696",title:"Dr.",name:"Mylène",middleName:null,surname:"Weill",fullName:"Mylène Weill",slug:"mylene-weill"},{id:"140697",title:"Dr.",name:"Thierry",middleName:null,surname:"Balder",fullName:"Thierry Balder",slug:"thierry-balder"}]},{id:"28276",title:"The Role of Anopheles gambiae P450 Cytochrome in Insecticide Resistance and Infection",slug:"the-role-of-anopheles-gambiae-p450-cytochrome-in-insecticide-resistance-and-infection",signatures:"Rute Félix and Henrique Silveira",authors:[{id:"76938",title:"Prof.",name:"Henrique",middleName:null,surname:"Silveira",fullName:"Henrique Silveira",slug:"henrique-silveira"},{id:"94186",title:"Ms.",name:"Rute",middleName:null,surname:"Felix",fullName:"Rute Felix",slug:"rute-felix"}]},{id:"28277",title:"Genetic Toxicological Profile of Carbofuran and Pirimicarb Carbamic Insecticides",slug:"genetic-toxicological-profile-of-carbofuran-and-pirimicarb-carbamic-insecticides",signatures:"Sonia Soloneski and Marcelo L. Larramendy",authors:[{id:"14764",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcelo L.",middleName:null,surname:"Larramendy",fullName:"Marcelo L. Larramendy",slug:"marcelo-l.-larramendy"},{id:"14863",title:"Dr.",name:"Sonia",middleName:null,surname:"Soloneski",fullName:"Sonia Soloneski",slug:"sonia-soloneski"}]}]}],publishedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"3055",title:"Insecticides",subtitle:"Development of Safer and More Effective Technologies",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"adb06e05715aa4d3ec42f707d1626158",slug:"insecticides-development-of-safer-and-more-effective-technologies",bookSignature:"Stanislav Trdan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3055.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"78285",title:"Prof.",name:"Stanislav",surname:"Trdan",slug:"stanislav-trdan",fullName:"Stanislav Trdan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5067",title:"Insecticides Resistance",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e0c89a15887b47c513a572364c7d9336",slug:"insecticides-resistance",bookSignature:"Stanislav Trdan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5067.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"78285",title:"Prof.",name:"Stanislav",surname:"Trdan",slug:"stanislav-trdan",fullName:"Stanislav Trdan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5882",title:"Primates",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"795a774e23c200dad2b806b83d186c9b",slug:"primates",bookSignature:"Mark Burke and Maurice Ptito",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5882.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"200803",title:"Dr.",name:"Mark",surname:"Burke",slug:"mark-burke",fullName:"Mark Burke"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6053",title:"Animal Domestication",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"cc949732f3a3442f988ae91112645354",slug:"animal-domestication",bookSignature:"Fabrice Teletchea",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6053.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"190135",title:"Dr.",name:"Fabrice",surname:"Teletchea",slug:"fabrice-teletchea",fullName:"Fabrice Teletchea"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6478",title:"Bats",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"90a4ab5d70985630b12f49cb23939c02",slug:"bats",bookSignature:"Heimo Mikkola",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6478.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"144330",title:"Dr.",name:"Heimo",surname:"Mikkola",slug:"heimo-mikkola",fullName:"Heimo Mikkola"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],publishedBooksByAuthor:[]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"66446",title:"Compressive Behavior of Concrete under Environmental Effects",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.85675",slug:"compressive-behavior-of-concrete-under-environmental-effects",body:'There is significant need for evaluating the concrete behavior on-site without implementing experimental tools. Concrete if properly placed in extreme weather conditions is able to develop desired ultimate strength [1]. Temperature changes could cause cracks or sapling, distress, and aggregate expansion which leads to concrete strength deterioration. Many different procedures are recommended in codes to reduce the negative effects of low or high ambient temperature [1, 2]. High temperature, above 100°C, could lead to color changes in aggregates leading to abrupt loss of compressive strength. While, lower temperature, less than zero, usually ends up in cracking and low resistance against freeze-thaw effects [3, 4, 5]. A common practice to reduce the undesirable crack propagation in concrete mixtures under thermal effects is to use fibers due to having persistency in behavior under various environmental conditions [6].
The behavior of the concrete under high temperature values could be affected with several factors. The temperature rate, aggregate type, and stability of the mixture are among the most important factors to be considered under high temperature condition. It is noted that the abrupt temperature rise can cause thermal shock, spalling, cracking, and aggregate expansion leading to high distress within the concrete [2, 3]. Therefore, the strength of concrete is reduced by any significant temperature increase. The strength degradation rate is depended on the initial compressive concrete strength [7]. Concrete in general provides one of the best fire resistance properties due to chemically combined material with thermal conductivity, and high heat capacity which leads to self-protection against extreme temperature conditions (e.g., fire).
On the other hand, the low temperature curing condition is a highly common issue affecting the strength development of the concrete. Pouring and curing concrete in extreme weather conditions require special attention to the code instructions for obtaining desirable performance in structures [1, 2]. The cold weather condition is defined previously as a period of time in which for more than three consecutive days, either average daily air temperature is less than 5°C or the air temperature is not greater than 10°C for more than one-half of any 24-h period. The cold condition limits the concrete capability to develop strength by causing significant decrease in hydration process. Another issue with cold ambient temperature is expansion of the water in concrete, especially in high water-cement ratio mixtures, leading to spalling and overall strength degradation [1, 7, 8]. It is well documented that if the concrete in plastic stage freezes, about 50% of the strength is expected to be reduced and durability loss is inevitable [2].
The durability of the concrete against freeze-thaw cycles is previously investigated as a major factor indicating the ability for resistance against weathering actions [9, 10, 11]. For durability improvements, the concrete mixture’s water-to-cement ratio plays an important role which should be carefully considered [12, 13]. ACI guide [1] proposes procedures prior and after pouring concrete under harsh weather conditions to avoid any strength loss (Figure 1). It is generally recommended that to use lower water-to-cement design ratio, type-three cement and nonchloride admixtures for the best performance under cold weather conditions.
(a) Concrete in cold weather. (b) Cold weather curing.
There are different factors which are indirectly affected by any change in environmental conditions. The setting time issue with cold weather would be twice by each 10°C, which causes the concrete to be exposed and vulnerable to ambient damages. Therefore, effectively protect the concrete from the harsh ambient conditions is necessary until it gains minimum strength of 3.5 MPa [1, 2, 14]. Additionally, under harsh environmental conditions, the inner parts of concrete would experience a different hydration process rather than the outer areas. The inner parts commonly have higher temperature due to hydration of the cement with water, while outer layers experience less temperature values. This phenomenon, especially under cold outside temperature, results in significant thermal cracks causing lower compressive strength values, generating microcracks and adversely affecting the interfacial zone (ASTM C 1074-04). Furthermore, at freezing temperatures, a reduction of 29% in stiffness after 28 days is expected since the vulnerability against cracks is reduced due to increase in water absorption of the hardened concrete [15]. Figure 2 shows the water absorption coefficient is increased for three different concrete types under cold weather compared to mild weather conditions. These phenomena negatively change the compressive strength and vulnerability against crack propagation showing that water-cement ratio is one most important factors in strength development of the concrete [15, 16]. In addition, the concrete freezing at initial stages of strength development negatively reduces the capability of the cement matrix to maintain the mixture integrity against freeze-thaw cycles [16, 17].
Influence of the curing temperature on water absorption of the mixture.
In what follows, the ambient temperature and humidity index effects on various concrete types are investigated. The compressive strength development under temperature changes is discussed in detail. The overview of the harsh weather concreting is established in detail by elaborating on compressive strength, maturity index, and freeze-thaw experiments. The out of this chapter is to understand the behavior of the concrete under various ambient conditions as the most commonly used material for construction and residential buildings.
To elaborately indicate compressive behavior of the concrete, the results for three different temperatures of 5, 10, and 25°C as well as two humidity rate index values are represented. Four cement types with low and high water-cement ratio are taken into account to understand the compressive behavior of the concrete in various environmental effects. The commercially available grout types of BASF, Dayton, Five Star, and Quickrete are prepared and cured with water-cement ratios of 0.12, 0.12, 0.18, and 0.18, respectively. The values of consistency, an indicator of the mobility or fluidity of the mortar, were checked to be in conformity with the limits set in ASTM standards. Table 1 shows a detailed plan of testing plan with the number of samples. The mentioned mortar compositions are selected based on the applicability of them for harsh environmental condition in North USA.
Temperature during the first 7 days (°C) | Relative humidity during the first 7 days (%) | Temperature after 7 days (°C) | Relative humidity after 7 days (%) | Number of cubes (2 × 2 × 2 in.) | Number of cylinders (maturity) | Number of rectangular cubes (Freeze-thaw) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
23 23 | 100 | 23 | 100 | 15 | 2 | 2 |
50 | 50 | 15 | 2 | 2 | ||
10 5 | 15 | 2 | 2 | |||
15 | 2 | 2 |
Testing plane for evaluating the effect of temperature and humidity index.
All the samples were prepared in molds accordingly and consolidated with tamping rods. Roding is done for each layer uniformly on the cross-sectional area with rounded end. The number of strokes varies depending on the type of molds used, which is based on ASTM standards [14]. The samples are subsequently covered with burlaps to effectively initiate the hydration process for 24 h. Subsequently, the samples are demolded after being cured for 24 h, and the compressive strength is monitored for 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days curing time based on the ASTM recommended procedure [14, 15, 16]. It is noted that the mixing procedure is based on the ASTM manuals [14, 15, 16] for simulating the actual behavior of the concrete under cold, mild, and moderate temperature conditions.
It is noted that samples are remained in temperatures shown in Table 1 for a week and then moved to room temperature area with the same humidity afterward. In general, for each grout type at each time interval, three cubic and two cylinders as well as two large rectangular samples for freeze-thaw durability index test are made for compressive strength development investigations.
Different concrete types are made and cured for compressive strength test. For each grout, 15 ASTM verified cubes are cured based on the material plan summarized in Table 1. The compressive behavior is evaluated with compressive test machine shown in Figure 3 at each time interval of 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28. For each time interval, the average of three compressive values is selected for accuracy of the results. It is noted that the rate of the compressive loading based on the ASTM manuals [14, 15, 16] should be consistent for all the specimens, since the loading rate has a significant effect on the ultimate compressive strength. Figure 3 shows the compressive test machine and cube samples for use in compressive test experiment.
(a) Compressive test machinery. (b) Cube concrete samples.
The general behavior of the concrete under different environmental conditions is summarized in Figure 4. Based on the results, it is concluded that the concrete would develop desirable compressive strength at room temperature (23°C) and 100% humidity rate. The hydration process in which the cement matrix develops bonds between aggregates is highest before 14 days of curing. It is concluded that the temperature before 14 days of curing is highly important factor in general strength development compared to other factors (e.g., humidity index rate).
The effect of temperature and humidity on various cement types. (a) BASF. (b) Five star. (c) Quickrete. (d) Dayton.
The strength behavior is highly affected by the temperature of curing as compared to humidity rate index value. The temperature of curing plays an undeniable role specifically at early stages of curing process. The temperature reduction of 15° generally ends up in more than 20% drop in ultimate strength regardless of the cement types. While, decreasing 50% of humidity rate leads to about 10% drop in ultimate strength values. Therefore, to reach to the specific ultimate compressive strength, the temperature should be controlled and monitored at different stages of curing. In addition, more than 75% of the total strength compressive strength development, for all the specimens, is occurred within the first 14 days of curing. The least compressive strength is associated with lower temperature and drier condition, while the most strength development is related to milder temperature and higher humidity condition.
In-place concrete strength evaluation is an important step in achieving the reliable performance of structures and construction scheduling [18, 19]. The level of maturity is in need of evaluation for deciding the forms’ striping time, posttesting, protection removal, and progressing with further construction plan. The minimum level of the strength required for concrete is required at different stages before further progress, which imposes careful monitoring of the strength evaluation through curing time. However, concrete under harsh environmental conditions normally experiences unexpected issues that decline the strength development. Significant expenses might be occurred if the concrete curing process is delayed under environmental effects to be assured that the concrete has reached the specified minimum strength.
Maturity in general is estimated by tracking the changes in strength development for fresh concrete under various temperatures over time intervals. As the cement hydrates, the strength increases; however, the amount of hydrated cement depends on many factors, specifically curing temperature. From the strength-maturity index curves of corresponding samples, the strength on-site could be predicted at any moment after concrete placement, which shows how far the hydration is processed. Usually, the concrete reaches the expected strength under warm weather condition, if the temperature is not abruptly increased. However, in cold temperature situation, the fluctuation in temperature during days and nights might stop the cement hydration process. For understanding, the reasonable evaluation of the strength of the placed concrete, maturity-meters shown in Figure 5 are implemented at different stages of curing process.
The maturity-meter device used for concrete strength evaluation.
The concrete strength is directly related to the curing time, humidity index, and temperature fluctuation. The maturity investigation is a method with which the early age concrete strength is monitored and the results subsequently could be implemented for in-site concrete placement [15, 17]. The main assumption with maturity concept is that the concrete is able to attain the same strength if the mixture reaches the same value of maturity index [18]. Another assumption with maturity evaluation is that the combination of temperature and time leads to the same strength for the considered concrete mixture. Therefore, strength development is a function of time and temperature. This function could be nonlinear or linear with respect to time and temperature. The instrument shown in Figure 5 indicates how mature the concrete mix is which is represented as a number ultimately. The information is subsequently used for establishing maturity curves which are unique for any concrete mixture and related to compressive strength [19, 20, 21]. The schematic maturity curve is shown in Figure 6. The maturity curves are based on the time-temperature factor (TTF) which is compatible with the assumption that the maturity is a function of time and temperature.
The schematic maturity-meter curve showing the concrete maturity.
In general, there are many common methods in obtaining the maturity level of the concrete. The general idea is based on the time-temperature factor which considers the proportional relation between combined temperature-time and compressive strength. The important issue related to this commonly used method shown in Eq. (1) is that the strength development in significantly higher or lower temperatures is not accurate; hence, the careful interpretation of the results in extreme temperature is inevitable.
where M is the maturity index in °C h, T is the average temperature in °C over time interval of ∆t per hours, and T0 is the datum temperature usually taken as 0°C at which the hydration is stopped and concrete does not gain any strength. M index is usually referred to as the maturity index related to TTF factor [2]. To understand the assumption in this method, Figure 7 is shown in which the area of temperature over time for a specific mixture under cold condition is M1, and under corresponding mild temperature condition is M2. If M1 and M2, which represents the maturity index of a mixture, are equal, then the compressive concrete strength is expected to be the same. It is highly important that this assumption is only useful if the concrete does not experience any harsh environmental condition (e.g., excessive cold or hot temperature) during initial stages of the curing process.
The schematic representation of the maturity index assumption.
To further investigate the effect of harsh environmental conditions on maturity and strength development of the concrete, the cylinder-shaped specimens are used for maturity evaluation of the four different concrete mixtures. Different temperatures and rates of humidity are considered for all the mixtures. Figure 8 shows the maturity evaluation for all the concrete mixtures in which the compressive strength of the specimens are extracted at different time intervals. It is noted that the effect of significant humidity change, even though not considered in maturity concept formulation, is clearly observed. It is shown that environmental effects such as very dry conditions could tangibly change the strength development of the concrete; however, the change might not be as much as temperature variations. The lower water-cement ratio leads to significant gain in early stages of curing or lower TTF values, since all the cement materials actively participate in chemical hydration reactions. As the TTF increases or curing progresses, the rate of strength gain decreases until the concrete reaches the ultimate strength conditions.
Maturity evaluation of different cementious materials. (a) Temperature 23°C and RH 100%. (b) Temperature 23°C and RH 50%. (c) Temperature 10°C and RH 50%. (d) Temperature 5°C and RH 50%.
Figure 8 shows the combined effect of temperature and time on compressive strength by using the maturity index. It is noted that temperature drop significantly affect the hydration process, which leads to less ultimate strength over the same period of the time. It is noted that if the harsh environmental condition such as freezing temperature occurs, the hydration is stopped and the concrete would not be able to reach the ultimate expected strength even the sufficient amount of curing time is provided. In another words, the concrete would not develop the expected ultimate strength regardless of the curing time interval. This phenomena is important since the maturity formulation typically shows that by increasing the curing time, the effect of lower temperature could be compensated, which only is valid under specific environmental conditions (e.g., temperature over zero and sufficient humidity). From Figure 8, it is concluded that for all the cylinder samples, as the temperatures decrease significantly during the curing process, the bounding between cementious materials is not fully generated leading to lower ultimate strength even in large period of curing.
The strength of a given mixture placed and cured with the prescribed procedures is estimated from the temperature and time combinations. This method assumes that the only contributing factors to the strength development are time and temperature, while from the results of humidity rate study, it is shown that a drop of 50% in humidity index values would lead to average of 10% drop in compressive strength regardless of cement type.
In general, there are limitations of the maturity method implementation in estimating the concrete strength.
First, the implementation of this method is under the assumption that the placed concrete at the site has similar conditions to the concrete made in the laboratory. Any changes in batching accuracy, air content, and used materials could lead to different maturity curves and strength estimations.
Second, the areas that the maturity is evaluated within a specimen should not be only allocated to specific point. The hydration process within a large piece of concrete shows distinctive behavior aspects in outer and inner parts.
Third, the maturity method should be revised and carefully interpreted under extreme environmental conditions, which leads to incorrect estimation at early curing ages.
Fourth, the size of the concrete piece usually is larger than the samples, which means that the hydration process produces more heat and higher temperatures inside. This large temperature difference might affect the compressive strength development, which is not considered in laboratory samples.
The durability of cement mix is defined as the ability for resistance against weathering action, abrasion, and chemical reactions, or generally the processes that deteriorate and affect the strength and stiffness. The durable concrete maintains the original quality and serviceability under environmental effects. Concrete is assumed durable if
Under extreme environmental effects (e.g., cycles of freeze-thaw), the deterioration is limited and controlled.
Minimum impurities such as chlorides, slit, and sulfates are existed.
The aggregates are clean and well graded; therefore, the concrete is less permeable.
The cement matrix is well structured and dense which appropriately bonds all the components together.
The durability of the concrete is highly depended on the cement content, water-cement ratio, curing process, cover, sufficient compaction, and appropriate mix design. In general, the outer causes of durability loss are: extreme weathering condition, abrupt temperature change, high humidity, chemical attacks, and ettringite formation. The inner causes are volume changes due to thermal properties of the aggregates and high water content, chemical reactions of ingredients, and steel reinforcement corrosion.
For durability assessment of the concrete, ASTM C666 [17] provides an equation which is shown in Eq. (2). If up to 300 cycles, significant cracks are not existed, then the concrete maintains its durability under environmental changes.
where DF is the durability factor of the specimen and P is relative dynamic modulus of elasticity. M is the specified number of cycles at which the exposure is terminated. N is the minimum of the cycles’ number at which P reaches the specified minimum value for discontinuing the test, and the specified number of cycles at which the exposure is to be terminated. The general prepared specimens for durability investigation are shown in Figure 9.
Durability investigation of the concrete, and freeze-thaw test.
For further investigations, the behavior of the concrete samples is monitored for cycles of freeze-thaw. For each type of cement, two specimens are made to sufficiently validate the results of the test. ASTM 666 procedures [17] to build and test the specimens are considered, and the durability index is evaluated accordingly. Figure 10 shows some of the specimens after significant number of freeze-thaw cycles. From this experiment, it is shown that the durability of the concrete is highly dependent on the cement matrix, water-cement ratio, exposure to harmful chemicals, extreme weathering, and concrete mix design.
Significant number of freeze-thaw cycles.
The durability factor is obtained for each cement type at 30 each cycles, and the results are summarized inFigure 11. It is concluded that cement type and water-cement ratio has significant effect on the resistance and durability of the concrete. The high water-cement ratio would lead to higher permeability, which will be filled with water in the next cycles.
Durability of the cement under freeze-thaw cycles. (a) BASF after 300 cycles. (b) Five star after 300 cycles. (c) Quickrete after 34 cycles. (d) Dayton after 300 cycles.
The water volume is expanded upon freezing and it is transformed to ice, which eventually causes microcrack propagation in concrete samples. Microcracks adversely change the concrete resistance against further freeze-thaw cycles leading to major cracks and abrupt loss of strength. It is recommended that lower water-cement ratio mix designs to be used under freeze-thaw possibility to limit the durability loss and maintain compressive strength.
The environmental conditions play an important role in compressive strength of concrete. Generally, the temperature during the curing time and humidity rate index value are among the most effective factors for achieving reliable concrete structure. It is shown that temperature if drops below the freezing condition, not only slows down the hydration process, but also reduces the durability of the concrete significantly. In general, for appropriately cured concrete, a temperature drop of 15° leads to 20%, and a 50% drop in humidity rate index ends up in 10% reduction in overall compressive strength, if the environmental conditions are not extreme. The concrete cured in significantly low temperature is not able to reach the same expected strength, whereas the higher cured temperature concrete could reach, regardless of the curing time. Therefore, it is recommend to pay close attention to curing procedures under extreme weather conditions. In addition, lower water-cement ratios have better performance under freeze-thaw cycles; however, in higher temperature condition, excessive heat is produced which could cause damages to other particles.
Special thanks to Virginia Tech Open Access Subvention Fund (OASF) for providing me the opportunity to disseminate the results of this study with open-access publishers.
We believe financial barriers should not prevent researchers from publishing their findings. With the need to make scientific research more publicly available and support the benefits of Open Access, more and more institutions and funders are dedicating resources to assist faculty members and researchers cover Open Access Publishing Fees (OAPFs). In addition, IntechOpen provides several further options presented below, all of which are available to researchers, and could secure the financing of your Open Access publication.
",metaTitle:"Waiver Policy",metaDescription:"We feel that financial barriers should never prevent researchers from publishing their research. With the need to make scientific research more publically available and support the benefits of Open Access, more institutions and funders have dedicated funds to assist their faculty members and researchers cover the APCs associated with publishing in Open Access. Below we have outlined several options available to secure financing for your Open Access publication.",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"/page/waiver-policy",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"At IntechOpen, the majority of OAPFs are paid by an Author’s institution or funding agency - Institutions (73%) vs. Authors (23%).
\\n\\nThe first step in obtaining funds for your Open Access publication begins with your institution or library. IntechOpen’s publishing standards align with most institutional funding programs. Our advice is to petition your institution for help in financing your Open Access publication.
\\n\\nHowever, as Open Access becomes a more commonly used publishing option for the dissemination of scientific and scholarly content, in addition to institutions, there are a growing number of funders who allow the use of grants for covering OA publication costs, or have established separate funds for the same purpose.
\\n\\nPlease consult our Open Access Funding page to explore some of these funding opportunities and learn more about how you could finance your IntechOpen publication. Keep in mind that this list is not definitive, and while we are constantly updating and informing our Authors of new funding opportunities, we recommend that you always check with your institution first.
\\n\\nFor Authors who are unable to obtain funding from their institution or research funding bodies and still need help in covering publication costs, IntechOpen offers the possibility of applying for a Waiver.
\\n\\nOur mission is to support Authors in publishing their research and making an impact within the scientific community. Currently, 14% of Authors receive full waivers and 6% receive partial waivers.
\\n\\nWhile providing support and advice to all our international Authors, waiver priority will be given to those Authors who reside in countries that are classified by the World Bank as low-income economies. In this way, we can help ensure that the scientific work being carried out can make an impact within the worldwide scientific community, no matter where an Author might live.
\\n\\nThe application process is open after your submitted manuscript has been accepted for publication. To apply, please fill out a Waiver Request Form and send it to your Author Service Manager. If you have an official letter from your university or institution showing that funds for your OA publication are unavailable, please attach that as well. The Waiver Request will normally be addressed within one week from the application date. All chapters that receive waivers or partial waivers will be designated as such online.
\\n\\nDownload Waiver Request Form
\\n\\nFeel free to contact us at funders@intechopen.com if you have any questions about Funding options or our Waiver program. If you have already begun the process and require further assistance, please contact your Author Service Manager, who is there to assist you!
\\n\\nNote: All data represented above was collected by IntechOpen from 2013 to 2017.
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'At IntechOpen, the majority of OAPFs are paid by an Author’s institution or funding agency - Institutions (73%) vs. Authors (23%).
\n\nThe first step in obtaining funds for your Open Access publication begins with your institution or library. IntechOpen’s publishing standards align with most institutional funding programs. Our advice is to petition your institution for help in financing your Open Access publication.
\n\nHowever, as Open Access becomes a more commonly used publishing option for the dissemination of scientific and scholarly content, in addition to institutions, there are a growing number of funders who allow the use of grants for covering OA publication costs, or have established separate funds for the same purpose.
\n\nPlease consult our Open Access Funding page to explore some of these funding opportunities and learn more about how you could finance your IntechOpen publication. Keep in mind that this list is not definitive, and while we are constantly updating and informing our Authors of new funding opportunities, we recommend that you always check with your institution first.
\n\nFor Authors who are unable to obtain funding from their institution or research funding bodies and still need help in covering publication costs, IntechOpen offers the possibility of applying for a Waiver.
\n\nOur mission is to support Authors in publishing their research and making an impact within the scientific community. Currently, 14% of Authors receive full waivers and 6% receive partial waivers.
\n\nWhile providing support and advice to all our international Authors, waiver priority will be given to those Authors who reside in countries that are classified by the World Bank as low-income economies. In this way, we can help ensure that the scientific work being carried out can make an impact within the worldwide scientific community, no matter where an Author might live.
\n\nThe application process is open after your submitted manuscript has been accepted for publication. To apply, please fill out a Waiver Request Form and send it to your Author Service Manager. If you have an official letter from your university or institution showing that funds for your OA publication are unavailable, please attach that as well. The Waiver Request will normally be addressed within one week from the application date. All chapters that receive waivers or partial waivers will be designated as such online.
\n\nDownload Waiver Request Form
\n\nFeel free to contact us at funders@intechopen.com if you have any questions about Funding options or our Waiver program. If you have already begun the process and require further assistance, please contact your Author Service Manager, who is there to assist you!
\n\nNote: All data represented above was collected by IntechOpen from 2013 to 2017.
\n'}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{},profiles:[{id:"396",title:"Dr.",name:"Vedran",middleName:null,surname:"Kordic",slug:"vedran-kordic",fullName:"Vedran Kordic",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/396/images/7281_n.png",biography:"After obtaining his Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering he continued his education at the Vienna University of Technology where he obtained his PhD degree in 2004. He worked as a researcher at the Automation and Control Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology until 2008. His studies in robotics lead him not only to a PhD degree but also inspired him to co-found and build the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems - world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"441",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Jaekyu",middleName:null,surname:"Park",slug:"jaekyu-park",fullName:"Jaekyu Park",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/441/images/1881_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"LG Corporation (South Korea)",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"465",title:"Dr",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Martens",slug:"christian-martens",fullName:"Christian Martens",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"479",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",middleName:null,surname:"Colla",slug:"valentina-colla",fullName:"Valentina Colla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/479/images/358_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies",country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"494",title:"PhD",name:"Loris",middleName:null,surname:"Nanni",slug:"loris-nanni",fullName:"Loris Nanni",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/494/images/system/494.jpg",biography:"Loris Nanni received his Master Degree cum laude on June-2002 from the University of Bologna, and the April 26th 2006 he received his Ph.D. in Computer Engineering at DEIS, University of Bologna. On September, 29th 2006 he has won a post PhD fellowship from the university of Bologna (from October 2006 to October 2008), at the competitive examination he was ranked first in the industrial engineering area. He extensively served as referee for several international journals. He is author/coauthor of more than 100 research papers. He has been involved in some projects supported by MURST and European Community. His research interests include pattern recognition, bioinformatics, and biometric systems (fingerprint classification and recognition, signature verification, face recognition).",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"496",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Leon",slug:"carlos-leon",fullName:"Carlos Leon",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Seville",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"512",title:"Dr.",name:"Dayang",middleName:null,surname:"Jawawi",slug:"dayang-jawawi",fullName:"Dayang Jawawi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Technology Malaysia",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"528",title:"Dr.",name:"Kresimir",middleName:null,surname:"Delac",slug:"kresimir-delac",fullName:"Kresimir Delac",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/528/images/system/528.jpg",biography:"K. Delac received his B.Sc.E.E. degree in 2003 and is currentlypursuing a Ph.D. degree at the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering andComputing. His current research interests are digital image analysis, pattern recognition andbiometrics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Zagreb",country:{name:"Croatia"}}},{id:"557",title:"Dr.",name:"Andon",middleName:"Venelinov",surname:"Topalov",slug:"andon-topalov",fullName:"Andon Topalov",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/557/images/1927_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Andon V. Topalov received the MSc degree in Control Engineering from the Faculty of Information Systems, Technologies, and Automation at Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGGU) in 1979. He then received his PhD degree in Control Engineering from the Department of Automation and Remote Control at Moscow State Mining University (MGSU), Moscow, in 1984. From 1985 to 1986, he was a Research Fellow in the Research Institute for Electronic Equipment, ZZU AD, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. In 1986, he joined the Department of Control Systems, Technical University of Sofia at the Plovdiv campus, where he is presently a Full Professor. He has held long-term visiting Professor/Scholar positions at various institutions in South Korea, Turkey, Mexico, Greece, Belgium, UK, and Germany. And he has coauthored one book and authored or coauthored more than 80 research papers in conference proceedings and journals. His current research interests are in the fields of intelligent control and robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Technical University of Sofia",country:{name:"Bulgaria"}}},{id:"585",title:"Prof.",name:"Munir",middleName:null,surname:"Merdan",slug:"munir-merdan",fullName:"Munir Merdan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/585/images/system/585.jpg",biography:"Munir Merdan received the M.Sc. degree in mechanical engineering from the Technical University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, in 2009.Since 2005, he has been at the Automation and Control Institute, Vienna University of Technology, where he is currently a Senior Researcher. His research interests include the application of agent technology for achieving agile control in the manufacturing environment.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"605",title:"Prof",name:"Dil",middleName:null,surname:"Hussain",slug:"dil-hussain",fullName:"Dil Hussain",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/605/images/system/605.jpg",biography:"Dr. Dil Muhammad Akbar Hussain is a professor of Electronics Engineering & Computer Science at the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University Denmark. Professor Akbar has a Master degree in Digital Electronics from Govt. College University, Lahore Pakistan and a P-hD degree in Control Engineering from the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Sussex United Kingdom. Aalborg University has Two Satellite Campuses, one in Copenhagen (Aalborg University Copenhagen) and the other in Esbjerg (Aalborg University Esbjerg).\n· He is a member of prestigious IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and IAENG (International Association of Engineers) organizations. \n· He is the chief Editor of the Journal of Software Engineering.\n· He is the member of the Editorial Board of International Journal of Computer Science and Software Technology (IJCSST) and International Journal of Computer Engineering and Information Technology. \n· He is also the Editor of Communication in Computer and Information Science CCIS-20 by Springer.\n· Reviewer For Many Conferences\nHe is the lead person in making collaboration agreements between Aalborg University and many universities of Pakistan, for which the MOU’s (Memorandum of Understanding) have been signed.\nProfessor Akbar is working in Academia since 1990, he started his career as a Lab demonstrator/TA at the University of Sussex. After finishing his P. hD degree in 1992, he served in the Industry as a Scientific Officer and continued his academic career as a visiting scholar for a number of educational institutions. In 1996 he joined National University of Science & Technology Pakistan (NUST) as an Associate Professor; NUST is one of the top few universities in Pakistan. In 1999 he joined an International Company Lineo Inc, Canada as Manager Compiler Group, where he headed the group for developing Compiler Tool Chain and Porting of Operating Systems for the BLACKfin processor. The processor development was a joint venture by Intel and Analog Devices. In 2002 Lineo Inc., was taken over by another company, so he joined Aalborg University Denmark as an Assistant Professor.\nProfessor Akbar has truly a multi-disciplined career and he continued his legacy and making progress in many areas of his interests both in teaching and research. He has contributed in stochastic estimation of control area especially, in the Multiple Target Tracking and Interactive Multiple Model (IMM) research, Ball & Beam Control Problem, Robotics, Levitation Control. He has contributed in developing Algorithms for Fingerprint Matching, Computer Vision and Face Recognition. He has been supervising Pattern Recognition, Formal Languages and Distributed Processing projects for several years. He has reviewed many books on Management, Computer Science. Currently, he is an active and permanent reviewer for many international conferences and symposia and the program committee member for many international conferences.\nIn teaching he has taught the core computer science subjects like, Digital Design, Real Time Embedded System Programming, Operating Systems, Software Engineering, Data Structures, Databases, Compiler Construction. In the Engineering side, Digital Signal Processing, Computer Architecture, Electronics Devices, Digital Filtering and Engineering Management.\nApart from his Academic Interest and activities he loves sport especially, Cricket, Football, Snooker and Squash. He plays cricket for Esbjerg city in the second division team as an opener wicket keeper batsman. He is a very good player of squash but has not played squash since his arrival in Denmark.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"611",title:"Prof.",name:"T",middleName:null,surname:"Nagarajan",slug:"t-nagarajan",fullName:"T Nagarajan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Teknologi Petronas",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:6601},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:5906},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:2400},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:12541},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:1008},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:17561}],offset:12,limit:12,total:132763},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{hasNoEditors:"0",sort:"dateEndThirdStepPublish",topicId:"56121318 FILLER ads"},books:[],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:43},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:23},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:21},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:17},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:62},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:10},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:29},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:10},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:123},{group:"topic",caption:"Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials",value:17,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:12},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:10},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:4}],offset:12,limit:12,total:0},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"9974",title:"E-Learning and Digital Education in the Twenty-First Century",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"88b58d66e975df20425fc1dfd22d53aa",slug:"e-learning-and-digital-education-in-the-twenty-first-century",bookSignature:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9974.jpg",editors:[{id:"94099",title:"Dr.",name:"M. Mahruf C.",middleName:null,surname:"Shohel",slug:"m.-mahruf-c.-shohel",fullName:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11001",title:"Density Functional Theory",subtitle:"Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"82d53383af78ab41eb982086c02fb2bb",slug:"density-functional-theory-recent-advances-new-perspectives-and-applications",bookSignature:"Daniel Glossman-Mitnik",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11001.jpg",editors:[{id:"198499",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",middleName:null,surname:"Glossman-Mitnik",slug:"daniel-glossman-mitnik",fullName:"Daniel Glossman-Mitnik"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10251",title:"Plankton Communities",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e11e441ca2d2d5f631b1b4704505cfb6",slug:"plankton-communities",bookSignature:"Leonel Pereira and Ana Marta Gonçalves",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10251.jpg",editors:[{id:"279788",title:"Dr.",name:"Leonel",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"leonel-pereira",fullName:"Leonel Pereira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10830",title:"Animal Feed Science and Nutrition",subtitle:"Production, Health and Environment",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"79944fc8fbbaa329aed6fde388154832",slug:"animal-feed-science-and-nutrition-production-health-and-environment",bookSignature:"Amlan Kumar Patra",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10830.jpg",editors:[{id:"310962",title:"Dr.",name:"Amlan",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Patra",slug:"amlan-patra",fullName:"Amlan Patra"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10356",title:"Natural Medicinal Plants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"943e56ccaaf19ff696d25aa638ae37d6",slug:"natural-medicinal-plants",bookSignature:"Hany A. El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10356.jpg",editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",middleName:null,surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11752",title:"Natural Drugs from Plants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a0a83c0822608ef7592bf16a5ed0ada4",slug:"natural-drugs-from-plants",bookSignature:"Hany A. El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11752.jpg",editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",middleName:null,surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10853",title:"Recent Advances in Polynomials",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9e8671bae09ccaa8b8e276c639a737fc",slug:"recent-advances-in-polynomials",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10853.jpg",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10676",title:"Recent Applications in Graph Theory",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"900c60742d224080732bd16bd25ccba8",slug:"recent-applications-in-graph-theory",bookSignature:"Harun Pirim",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10676.jpg",editors:[{id:"146092",title:"Dr.",name:"Harun",middleName:null,surname:"Pirim",slug:"harun-pirim",fullName:"Harun Pirim"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10903",title:"Genetically Modified Plants and Beyond",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4d7ed4faab99c92cd4d676dc86501df9",slug:"genetically-modified-plants-and-beyond",bookSignature:"Idah Sithole Niang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10903.jpg",editors:[{id:"90172",title:"Prof.",name:"Idah",middleName:null,surname:"Sithole-Niang",slug:"idah-sithole-niang",fullName:"Idah Sithole-Niang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10904",title:"Fusarium",subtitle:"An Overview of the Genus",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"49d9063e43f94bd1517d65fbc58b93c3",slug:"fusarium-an-overview-of-the-genus",bookSignature:"Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10904.jpg",editors:[{id:"100573",title:"Dr.",name:"Seyed Mahyar",middleName:null,surname:"Mirmajlessi",slug:"seyed-mahyar-mirmajlessi",fullName:"Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10871",title:"Computed-Tomography (CT) Scan",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"966d8cf74fa27eea1b9cbc9a6ee94993",slug:"computed-tomography-ct-scan",bookSignature:"Reda R. Gharieb",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10871.jpg",editors:[{id:"225387",title:"Prof.",name:"Reda R.",middleName:"R.",surname:"Gharieb",slug:"reda-r.-gharieb",fullName:"Reda R. Gharieb"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11196",title:"New Updates in E-Learning",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6afaadf68e2a0a4b370ac5ceb5ca89c6",slug:"new-updates-in-e-learning",bookSignature:"Eduard Babulak",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11196.jpg",editors:[{id:"10086",title:"Prof.",name:"Eduard",middleName:null,surname:"Babulak",slug:"eduard-babulak",fullName:"Eduard Babulak"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:4387},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"9974",title:"E-Learning and Digital Education in the Twenty-First Century",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"88b58d66e975df20425fc1dfd22d53aa",slug:"e-learning-and-digital-education-in-the-twenty-first-century",bookSignature:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9974.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3340,editors:[{id:"94099",title:"Dr.",name:"M. Mahruf C.",middleName:null,surname:"Shohel",slug:"m.-mahruf-c.-shohel",fullName:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11001",title:"Density Functional Theory",subtitle:"Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"82d53383af78ab41eb982086c02fb2bb",slug:"density-functional-theory-recent-advances-new-perspectives-and-applications",bookSignature:"Daniel Glossman-Mitnik",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11001.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1845,editors:[{id:"198499",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",middleName:null,surname:"Glossman-Mitnik",slug:"daniel-glossman-mitnik",fullName:"Daniel Glossman-Mitnik"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10251",title:"Plankton Communities",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e11e441ca2d2d5f631b1b4704505cfb6",slug:"plankton-communities",bookSignature:"Leonel Pereira and Ana Marta Gonçalves",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10251.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1096,editors:[{id:"279788",title:"Dr.",name:"Leonel",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"leonel-pereira",fullName:"Leonel Pereira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10830",title:"Animal Feed Science and Nutrition",subtitle:"Production, Health and Environment",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"79944fc8fbbaa329aed6fde388154832",slug:"animal-feed-science-and-nutrition-production-health-and-environment",bookSignature:"Amlan Kumar Patra",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10830.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:995,editors:[{id:"310962",title:"Dr.",name:"Amlan",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Patra",slug:"amlan-patra",fullName:"Amlan Patra"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10356",title:"Natural Medicinal Plants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"943e56ccaaf19ff696d25aa638ae37d6",slug:"natural-medicinal-plants",bookSignature:"Hany A. El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10356.jpg",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3791,editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",middleName:null,surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11752",title:"Natural Drugs from Plants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a0a83c0822608ef7592bf16a5ed0ada4",slug:"natural-drugs-from-plants",bookSignature:"Hany A. El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11752.jpg",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2982,editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",middleName:null,surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10853",title:"Recent Advances in Polynomials",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9e8671bae09ccaa8b8e276c639a737fc",slug:"recent-advances-in-polynomials",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10853.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:559,editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10676",title:"Recent Applications in Graph Theory",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"900c60742d224080732bd16bd25ccba8",slug:"recent-applications-in-graph-theory",bookSignature:"Harun Pirim",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10676.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:546,editors:[{id:"146092",title:"Dr.",name:"Harun",middleName:null,surname:"Pirim",slug:"harun-pirim",fullName:"Harun Pirim"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10903",title:"Genetically Modified Plants and Beyond",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4d7ed4faab99c92cd4d676dc86501df9",slug:"genetically-modified-plants-and-beyond",bookSignature:"Idah Sithole Niang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10903.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:539,editors:[{id:"90172",title:"Prof.",name:"Idah",middleName:null,surname:"Sithole-Niang",slug:"idah-sithole-niang",fullName:"Idah Sithole-Niang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10904",title:"Fusarium",subtitle:"An Overview of the Genus",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"49d9063e43f94bd1517d65fbc58b93c3",slug:"fusarium-an-overview-of-the-genus",bookSignature:"Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10904.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:535,editors:[{id:"100573",title:"Dr.",name:"Seyed Mahyar",middleName:null,surname:"Mirmajlessi",slug:"seyed-mahyar-mirmajlessi",fullName:"Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10251",title:"Plankton Communities",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e11e441ca2d2d5f631b1b4704505cfb6",slug:"plankton-communities",bookSignature:"Leonel Pereira and Ana Marta Gonçalves",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10251.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"279788",title:"Dr.",name:"Leonel",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"leonel-pereira",fullName:"Leonel Pereira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10830",title:"Animal Feed Science and Nutrition",subtitle:"Production, Health and Environment",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"79944fc8fbbaa329aed6fde388154832",slug:"animal-feed-science-and-nutrition-production-health-and-environment",bookSignature:"Amlan Kumar Patra",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10830.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"310962",title:"Dr.",name:"Amlan",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Patra",slug:"amlan-patra",fullName:"Amlan Patra"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10853",title:"Recent Advances in Polynomials",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9e8671bae09ccaa8b8e276c639a737fc",slug:"recent-advances-in-polynomials",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10853.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10871",title:"Computed-Tomography (CT) Scan",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"966d8cf74fa27eea1b9cbc9a6ee94993",slug:"computed-tomography-ct-scan",bookSignature:"Reda R. Gharieb",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10871.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"225387",title:"Prof.",name:"Reda R.",middleName:"R.",surname:"Gharieb",slug:"reda-r.-gharieb",fullName:"Reda R. Gharieb"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10903",title:"Genetically Modified Plants and Beyond",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4d7ed4faab99c92cd4d676dc86501df9",slug:"genetically-modified-plants-and-beyond",bookSignature:"Idah Sithole Niang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10903.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"90172",title:"Prof.",name:"Idah",middleName:null,surname:"Sithole-Niang",slug:"idah-sithole-niang",fullName:"Idah Sithole-Niang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10904",title:"Fusarium",subtitle:"An Overview of the Genus",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"49d9063e43f94bd1517d65fbc58b93c3",slug:"fusarium-an-overview-of-the-genus",bookSignature:"Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10904.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"100573",title:"Dr.",name:"Seyed Mahyar",middleName:null,surname:"Mirmajlessi",slug:"seyed-mahyar-mirmajlessi",fullName:"Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10654",title:"Brain-Computer Interface",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a5308884068cc53ed31c6baba756857f",slug:"brain-computer-interface",bookSignature:"Vahid Asadpour",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10654.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"165328",title:"Dr.",name:"Vahid",middleName:null,surname:"Asadpour",slug:"vahid-asadpour",fullName:"Vahid Asadpour"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10676",title:"Recent Applications in Graph Theory",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"900c60742d224080732bd16bd25ccba8",slug:"recent-applications-in-graph-theory",bookSignature:"Harun Pirim",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10676.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"146092",title:"Dr.",name:"Harun",middleName:null,surname:"Pirim",slug:"harun-pirim",fullName:"Harun Pirim"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11196",title:"New Updates in E-Learning",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6afaadf68e2a0a4b370ac5ceb5ca89c6",slug:"new-updates-in-e-learning",bookSignature:"Eduard Babulak",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11196.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"10086",title:"Prof.",name:"Eduard",middleName:null,surname:"Babulak",slug:"eduard-babulak",fullName:"Eduard Babulak"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9974",title:"E-Learning and Digital Education in the Twenty-First Century",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"88b58d66e975df20425fc1dfd22d53aa",slug:"e-learning-and-digital-education-in-the-twenty-first-century",bookSignature:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9974.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"94099",title:"Dr.",name:"M. Mahruf C.",middleName:null,surname:"Shohel",slug:"m.-mahruf-c.-shohel",fullName:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"854",title:"Natural Environment",slug:"environmental-sciences-environmental-health-natural-environment",parent:{id:"129",title:"Environmental Health",slug:"environmental-sciences-environmental-health"},numberOfBooks:2,numberOfSeries:0,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:138,numberOfWosCitations:228,numberOfCrossrefCitations:111,numberOfDimensionsCitations:316,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicId:"854",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"489",title:"The Impact of Air Pollution on Health, Economy, Environment and Agricultural Sources",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1a13e20c7a3cee312f8b31e8b312e6a5",slug:"the-impact-of-air-pollution-on-health-economy-environment-and-agricultural-sources",bookSignature:"Mohamed K. Khallaf",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/489.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"26192",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohamed",middleName:"Kamal",surname:"Khallaf",slug:"mohamed-khallaf",fullName:"Mohamed Khallaf"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"519",title:"Chemistry, Emission Control, Radioactive Pollution and Indoor Air Quality",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"351d58b744e7916d75693e24419f7d71",slug:"chemistry-emission-control-radioactive-pollution-and-indoor-air-quality",bookSignature:"Nicolas Mazzeo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/519.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"10567",title:"Dr.",name:"Nicolas",middleName:"Antonio",surname:"Mazzeo",slug:"nicolas-mazzeo",fullName:"Nicolas Mazzeo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:2,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"18642",doi:"10.5772/17660",title:"The Effects of Air Pollutants on Vegetation and the Role of Vegetation in Reducing Atmospheric Pollution",slug:"the-effects-of-air-pollutants-on-vegetation-and-the-role-of-vegetation-in-reducing-atmospheric-pollu",totalDownloads:18721,totalCrossrefCites:9,totalDimensionsCites:69,abstract:null,book:{id:"489",slug:"the-impact-of-air-pollution-on-health-economy-environment-and-agricultural-sources",title:"The Impact of Air Pollution on Health, Economy, Environment and Agricultural Sources",fullTitle:"The Impact of Air Pollution on Health, Economy, Environment and Agricultural Sources"},signatures:"Iuliana Florentina Gheorghe and Barbu Ion",authors:[{id:"29040",title:"Prof.",name:"Iuliana",middleName:"Florentina",surname:"Gheorghe",slug:"iuliana-gheorghe",fullName:"Iuliana Gheorghe"},{id:"40380",title:"Mr.",name:"Ion",middleName:null,surname:"Barbu",slug:"ion-barbu",fullName:"Ion Barbu"},{id:"127558",title:"Prof.",name:"Iuliana Florentina",middleName:null,surname:"Gheorghe",slug:"iuliana-florentina-gheorghe",fullName:"Iuliana Florentina Gheorghe"}]},{id:"16332",doi:"10.5772/18600",title:"Air Change Measurements Using Tracer Gases: Methods and Results. Significance of air change for indoor air quality",slug:"air-change-measurements-using-tracer-gases-methods-and-results-significance-of-air-change-for-indoor",totalDownloads:4297,totalCrossrefCites:18,totalDimensionsCites:47,abstract:null,book:{id:"519",slug:"chemistry-emission-control-radioactive-pollution-and-indoor-air-quality",title:"Chemistry, Emission Control, Radioactive Pollution and Indoor Air Quality",fullTitle:"Chemistry, Emission Control, Radioactive Pollution and Indoor Air Quality"},signatures:"Detlef Laussmann and Dieter Helm",authors:[{id:"31977",title:"MSc",name:"Detlef",middleName:null,surname:"Laussmann",slug:"detlef-laussmann",fullName:"Detlef Laussmann"},{id:"33853",title:"Dr.",name:"Dieter",middleName:null,surname:"Helm",slug:"dieter-helm",fullName:"Dieter Helm"}]},{id:"18646",doi:"10.5772/17650",title:"Air Pollution Control in Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators",slug:"air-pollution-control-in-municipal-solid-waste-incinerators",totalDownloads:14028,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:34,abstract:null,book:{id:"489",slug:"the-impact-of-air-pollution-on-health-economy-environment-and-agricultural-sources",title:"The Impact of Air Pollution on Health, Economy, Environment and Agricultural Sources",fullTitle:"The Impact of Air Pollution on Health, Economy, Environment and Agricultural Sources"},signatures:"Margarida J. Quina, João C.M. Bordado and Rosa M. Quinta-Ferreira",authors:[{id:"29023",title:"Prof.",name:"Margarida",middleName:null,surname:"Quina",slug:"margarida-quina",fullName:"Margarida Quina"},{id:"38775",title:"Prof.",name:"João",middleName:null,surname:"Bordado",slug:"joao-bordado",fullName:"João Bordado"},{id:"38776",title:"Prof.",name:"Rosa",middleName:null,surname:"Quinta-Ferreira",slug:"rosa-quinta-ferreira",fullName:"Rosa Quinta-Ferreira"},{id:"136027",title:"Dr.",name:"Rosa Quinta",middleName:null,surname:"Ferreira",slug:"rosa-quinta-ferreira",fullName:"Rosa Quinta Ferreira"}]},{id:"16338",doi:"10.5772/17059",title:"Wind Driven Ventilation for Enhanced Indoor Air Quality",slug:"wind-driven-ventilation-for-enhanced-indoor-air-quality",totalDownloads:6791,totalCrossrefCites:15,totalDimensionsCites:24,abstract:null,book:{id:"519",slug:"chemistry-emission-control-radioactive-pollution-and-indoor-air-quality",title:"Chemistry, Emission Control, Radioactive Pollution and Indoor Air Quality",fullTitle:"Chemistry, Emission Control, Radioactive Pollution and Indoor Air Quality"},signatures:"Jason Lien and Noor Ahmed",authors:[{id:"6371",title:"Dr.",name:"Noor",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmed",slug:"noor-ahmed",fullName:"Noor Ahmed"},{id:"27131",title:"Dr.",name:"Jason",middleName:null,surname:"Lien",slug:"jason-lien",fullName:"Jason Lien"}]},{id:"16326",doi:"10.5772/16918",title:"Sensing a Historic Low-CO2 Future",slug:"sensing-a-historic-low-co2-future",totalDownloads:2714,totalCrossrefCites:8,totalDimensionsCites:14,abstract:null,book:{id:"519",slug:"chemistry-emission-control-radioactive-pollution-and-indoor-air-quality",title:"Chemistry, Emission Control, Radioactive Pollution and Indoor Air Quality",fullTitle:"Chemistry, Emission Control, Radioactive Pollution and Indoor Air Quality"},signatures:"Colin Porteous",authors:[{id:"26678",title:"Prof.",name:"Colin",middleName:"Douglas Alexander",surname:"Porteous",slug:"colin-porteous",fullName:"Colin Porteous"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"18642",title:"The Effects of Air Pollutants on Vegetation and the Role of Vegetation in Reducing Atmospheric Pollution",slug:"the-effects-of-air-pollutants-on-vegetation-and-the-role-of-vegetation-in-reducing-atmospheric-pollu",totalDownloads:18727,totalCrossrefCites:9,totalDimensionsCites:68,abstract:null,book:{id:"489",slug:"the-impact-of-air-pollution-on-health-economy-environment-and-agricultural-sources",title:"The Impact of Air Pollution on Health, Economy, Environment and Agricultural Sources",fullTitle:"The Impact of Air Pollution on Health, Economy, Environment and Agricultural Sources"},signatures:"Iuliana Florentina Gheorghe and Barbu Ion",authors:[{id:"29040",title:"Prof.",name:"Iuliana",middleName:"Florentina",surname:"Gheorghe",slug:"iuliana-gheorghe",fullName:"Iuliana Gheorghe"},{id:"40380",title:"Mr.",name:"Ion",middleName:null,surname:"Barbu",slug:"ion-barbu",fullName:"Ion Barbu"},{id:"127558",title:"Prof.",name:"Iuliana Florentina",middleName:null,surname:"Gheorghe",slug:"iuliana-florentina-gheorghe",fullName:"Iuliana Florentina Gheorghe"}]},{id:"16330",title:"Distributed Smart Sensing Systems for Indoor Monitoring of Respiratory Distress Triggering Factors",slug:"distributed-smart-sensing-systems-for-indoor-monitoring-of-respiratory-distress-triggering-factors",totalDownloads:3002,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:6,abstract:null,book:{id:"519",slug:"chemistry-emission-control-radioactive-pollution-and-indoor-air-quality",title:"Chemistry, Emission Control, Radioactive Pollution and Indoor Air Quality",fullTitle:"Chemistry, Emission Control, Radioactive Pollution and Indoor Air Quality"},signatures:"Octavian Postolache, Jose Miguel Pereira, Pedro Silva Girão and Gabriela Postolache",authors:[{id:"8384",title:"Prof.",name:"Jose Miguel",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"jose-miguel-pereira",fullName:"Jose Miguel Pereira"},{id:"26706",title:"Dr.",name:"Octavian",middleName:null,surname:"Postolache",slug:"octavian-postolache",fullName:"Octavian Postolache"},{id:"26867",title:"Prof.",name:"Pedro",middleName:"Manuel Brito Da",surname:"Silva Girão",slug:"pedro-silva-girao",fullName:"Pedro Silva Girão"},{id:"35319",title:"Prof.",name:"Gabriela",middleName:null,surname:"Postolache",slug:"gabriela-postolache",fullName:"Gabriela Postolache"},{id:"47638",title:"Prof.",name:"Octavian",middleName:null,surname:"Postolache",slug:"octavian-postolache",fullName:"Octavian Postolache"}]},{id:"16336",title:"Moisture and Estimation of Indoor Moisture Generation Rate",slug:"moisture-and-estimation-of-indoor-moisture-generation-rate",totalDownloads:3572,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:null,book:{id:"519",slug:"chemistry-emission-control-radioactive-pollution-and-indoor-air-quality",title:"Chemistry, Emission Control, Radioactive Pollution and Indoor Air Quality",fullTitle:"Chemistry, Emission Control, Radioactive Pollution and Indoor Air Quality"},signatures:"Tao Lu, Xiaoshu Lu and Martti Viljanen",authors:[{id:"2657",title:"Dr.",name:"Xiaoshu",middleName:null,surname:"Lu",slug:"xiaoshu-lu",fullName:"Xiaoshu Lu"},{id:"23028",title:"M.Sc",name:"Tao",middleName:null,surname:"Lu",slug:"tao-lu",fullName:"Tao Lu"},{id:"33395",title:"Prof.",name:"Martti",middleName:null,surname:"Viljanen",slug:"martti-viljanen",fullName:"Martti Viljanen"}]},{id:"16322",title:"VOCs Removal Using the Synergy Technology Basing on Nonthermal Plasma Technology",slug:"vocs-removal-using-the-synergy-technology-basing-on-nonthermal-plasma-technology",totalDownloads:4096,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:null,book:{id:"519",slug:"chemistry-emission-control-radioactive-pollution-and-indoor-air-quality",title:"Chemistry, Emission Control, Radioactive Pollution and Indoor Air Quality",fullTitle:"Chemistry, Emission Control, Radioactive Pollution and Indoor Air Quality"},signatures:"Tao Zhu",authors:[{id:"24623",title:"Dr.",name:"Tao",middleName:null,surname:"Zhu",slug:"tao-zhu",fullName:"Tao Zhu"}]},{id:"18639",title:"Air Pollution in the Niger Delta Area: Scope, Challenges and Remedies",slug:"air-pollution-in-the-niger-delta-area-scope-challenges-and-remedies",totalDownloads:9791,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:5,abstract:null,book:{id:"489",slug:"the-impact-of-air-pollution-on-health-economy-environment-and-agricultural-sources",title:"The Impact of Air Pollution on Health, Economy, Environment and Agricultural Sources",fullTitle:"The Impact of Air Pollution on Health, Economy, Environment and Agricultural Sources"},signatures:"Godson Rowland Ana",authors:[{id:"26394",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana",middleName:"Rowland",surname:"Godson",slug:"ana-godson",fullName:"Ana Godson"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"854",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:8,limit:8,total:0},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:87,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:98,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:27,numberOfPublishedChapters:287,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:9,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:139,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:129,numberOfOpenTopics:0,numberOfUpcomingTopics:2,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:107,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:10,numberOfPublishedChapters:103,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:12,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:0,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:10,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}},{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",issn:"2632-0517",scope:"Paralleling similar advances in the medical field, astounding advances occurred in Veterinary Medicine and Science in recent decades. These advances have helped foster better support for animal health, more humane animal production, and a better understanding of the physiology of endangered species to improve the assisted reproductive technologies or the pathogenesis of certain diseases, where animals can be used as models for human diseases (like cancer, degenerative diseases or fertility), and even as a guarantee of public health. Bridging Human, Animal, and Environmental health, the holistic and integrative “One Health” concept intimately associates the developments within those fields, projecting its advancements into practice. This book series aims to tackle various animal-related medicine and sciences fields, providing thematic volumes consisting of high-quality significant research directed to researchers and postgraduates. It aims to give us a glimpse into the new accomplishments in the Veterinary Medicine and Science field. By addressing hot topics in veterinary sciences, we aim to gather authoritative texts within each issue of this series, providing in-depth overviews and analysis for graduates, academics, and practitioners and foreseeing a deeper understanding of the subject. Forthcoming texts, written and edited by experienced researchers from both industry and academia, will also discuss scientific challenges faced today in Veterinary Medicine and Science. In brief, we hope that books in this series will provide accessible references for those interested or working in this field and encourage learning in a range of different topics.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/13.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"May 18th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:10,editor:{id:"38652",title:"Dr.",name:"Rita",middleName:null,surname:"Payan-Carreira",slug:"rita-payan-carreira",fullName:"Rita Payan-Carreira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRiFPQA0/Profile_Picture_1614601496313",biography:"Rita Payan Carreira earned her Veterinary Degree from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1985. She obtained her Ph.D. in Veterinary Sciences from the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal. After almost 32 years of teaching at the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, she recently moved to the University of Évora, Department of Veterinary Medicine, where she teaches in the field of Animal Reproduction and Clinics. Her primary research areas include the molecular markers of the endometrial cycle and the embryo–maternal interaction, including oxidative stress and the reproductive physiology and disorders of sexual development, besides the molecular determinants of male and female fertility. She often supervises students preparing their master's or doctoral theses. She is also a frequent referee for various journals.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Évora",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:3,paginationItems:[{id:"19",title:"Animal Science",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/19.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"259298",title:"Dr.",name:"Edward",middleName:null,surname:"Narayan",slug:"edward-narayan",fullName:"Edward Narayan",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Edward Narayan graduated with Ph.D. degree in Biology from the University of the South Pacific and pioneered non-invasive reproductive and stress endocrinology tools for amphibians - the novel development and validation of non-invasive enzyme immunoassays for the evaluation of reproductive hormonal cycle and stress hormone responses to environmental stressors. \nDr. Narayan leads the Stress Lab (Comparative Physiology and Endocrinology) at the University of Queensland. A dynamic career research platform which is based on the thematic areas of comparative vertebrate physiology, stress endocrinology, reproductive endocrinology, animal health and welfare, and conservation biology. \nEdward has supervised 40 research students and published over 60 peer reviewed research.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Queensland",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Australia"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"20",title:"Animal Nutrition",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/20.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"175967",title:"Dr.",name:"Manuel",middleName:null,surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",fullName:"Manuel Gonzalez Ronquillo",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",biography:"Dr. Manuel González Ronquillo obtained his doctorate degree from the University of Zaragoza, Spain, in 2001. He is a research professor at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico. He is also a level-2 researcher. He received a Fulbright-Garcia Robles fellowship for a postdoctoral stay at the US Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA in 2008–2009. He received grants from Alianza del Pacifico for a stay at the University of Magallanes, Chile, in 2014, and from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) to work in the Food and Agriculture Organization’s Animal Production and Health Division (AGA), Rome, Italy, in 2014–2015. He has collaborated with researchers from different countries and published ninety-eight journal articles. He teaches various degree courses in zootechnics, sheep production, and agricultural sciences and natural resources.\n\nDr. Ronquillo’s research focuses on the evaluation of sustainable animal diets (StAnD), using native resources of the region, decreasing carbon footprint, and applying meta-analysis and mathematical models for a better understanding of animal production.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"28",title:"Animal Reproductive Biology and Technology",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/28.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"177225",title:"Prof.",name:"Rosa Maria Lino Neto",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"rosa-maria-lino-neto-pereira",fullName:"Rosa Maria Lino Neto Pereira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bS9wkQAC/Profile_Picture_1624519982291",biography:"Rosa Maria Lino Neto Pereira (DVM, MsC, PhD and) is currently a researcher at the Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Unit of the National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinarian Research (INIAV, Portugal). She is the head of the Reproduction and Embryology Laboratories and was lecturer of Reproduction and Reproductive Biotechnologies at Veterinary Medicine Faculty. She has over 25 years of experience working in reproductive biology and biotechnology areas with a special emphasis on embryo and gamete cryopreservation, for research and animal genetic resources conservation, leading research projects with several peer-reviewed papers. Rosa Pereira is member of the ERFP-FAO Ex situ Working Group and of the Management Commission of the Portuguese Animal Germplasm Bank.",institutionString:"The National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research. Portugal",institution:null},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null}]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:19,paginationItems:[{id:"81793",title:"Canine parvovirus-2: An Emerging Threat to Young Pets",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104846",signatures:"Mithilesh Singh, Rajendran Manikandan, Ujjwal Kumar De, Vishal Chander, Babul Rudra Paul, Saravanan Ramakrishnan and Darshini Maramreddy",slug:"canine-parvovirus-2-an-emerging-threat-to-young-pets",totalDownloads:5,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Recent Advances in Canine Medicine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11580.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"81271",title:"The Diversity of Parvovirus Telomeres",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102684",signatures:"Marianne Laugel, Emilie Lecomte, Eduard Ayuso, Oumeya Adjali, Mathieu Mével and Magalie Penaud-Budloo",slug:"the-diversity-of-parvovirus-telomeres",totalDownloads:23,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Recent Advances in Canine Medicine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11580.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"79909",title:"Cryopreservation Methods and Frontiers in the Art of Freezing Life in Animal Models",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101750",signatures:"Feda S. Aljaser",slug:"cryopreservation-methods-and-frontiers-in-the-art-of-freezing-life-in-animal-models",totalDownloads:167,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Animal Reproduction",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10664.jpg",subseries:{id:"28",title:"Animal Reproductive Biology and Technology"}}},{id:"79782",title:"Avian Reproduction",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101185",signatures:"Kingsley Omogiade Idahor",slug:"avian-reproduction",totalDownloads:151,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Kingsley O.",surname:"Idahor"}],book:{title:"Animal Reproduction",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10664.jpg",subseries:{id:"28",title:"Animal Reproductive Biology and Technology"}}}]},overviewPagePublishedBooks:{paginationCount:10,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"7233",title:"New Insights into Theriogenology",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7233.jpg",slug:"new-insights-into-theriogenology",publishedDate:"December 5th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Rita Payan-Carreira",hash:"74f4147e3fb214dd050e5edd3aaf53bc",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"New Insights into Theriogenology",editors:[{id:"38652",title:"Dr.",name:"Rita",middleName:null,surname:"Payan-Carreira",slug:"rita-payan-carreira",fullName:"Rita Payan-Carreira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRiFPQA0/Profile_Picture_1614601496313",biography:"Rita Payan Carreira earned her Veterinary Degree from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1985. She obtained her Ph.D. in Veterinary Sciences from the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal. After almost 32 years of teaching at the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, she recently moved to the University of Évora, Department of Veterinary Medicine, where she teaches in the field of Animal Reproduction and Clinics. Her primary research areas include the molecular markers of the endometrial cycle and the embryo–maternal interaction, including oxidative stress and the reproductive physiology and disorders of sexual development, besides the molecular determinants of male and female fertility. She often supervises students preparing their master's or doctoral theses. She is also a frequent referee for various journals.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Évora",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7144",title:"Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7144.jpg",slug:"veterinary-anatomy-and-physiology",publishedDate:"March 13th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Catrin Sian Rutland and Valentina Kubale",hash:"75cdacb570e0e6d15a5f6e69640d87c9",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",editors:[{id:"202192",title:"Dr.",name:"Catrin",middleName:null,surname:"Rutland",slug:"catrin-rutland",fullName:"Catrin Rutland",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",biography:"Catrin Rutland is an Associate Professor of Anatomy and Developmental Genetics at the University of Nottingham, UK. She obtained a BSc from the University of Derby, England, a master’s degree from Technische Universität München, Germany, and a Ph.D. from the University of Nottingham. She undertook a post-doctoral research fellowship in the School of Medicine before accepting tenure in Veterinary Medicine and Science. Dr. Rutland also obtained an MMedSci (Medical Education) and a Postgraduate Certificate in Higher Education (PGCHE). She is the author of more than sixty peer-reviewed journal articles, twelve books/book chapters, and more than 100 research abstracts in cardiovascular biology and oncology. She is a board member of the European Association of Veterinary Anatomists, Fellow of the Anatomical Society, and Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy. Dr. Rutland has also written popular science books for the public. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2009-4898. www.nottingham.ac.uk/vet/people/catrin.rutland",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Nottingham",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"8524",title:"Lactation in Farm Animals",subtitle:"Biology, Physiological Basis, Nutritional Requirements, and Modelization",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8524.jpg",slug:"lactation-in-farm-animals-biology-physiological-basis-nutritional-requirements-and-modelization",publishedDate:"January 22nd 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Naceur M'Hamdi",hash:"2aa2a9a0ec13040bbf0455e34625504e",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Lactation in Farm Animals - Biology, Physiological Basis, Nutritional Requirements, and Modelization",editors:[{id:"73376",title:"Dr.",name:"Naceur",middleName:null,surname:"M'Hamdi",slug:"naceur-m'hamdi",fullName:"Naceur M'Hamdi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/73376/images/system/73376.jpg",biography:"Naceur M’HAMDI is Associate Professor at the National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage. He is also Member of the Laboratory of genetic, animal and feed resource and member of Animal science Department of INAT. He graduated from Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur, University of Carthage, in 2002 and completed his masters in 2006. Dr. M’HAMDI completed his PhD thesis in Genetic welfare indicators of dairy cattle at Higher Institute of Agronomy of Chott-Meriem, University of Sousse, in 2011. He worked as assistant Professor of Genetic, biostatistics and animal biotechnology at INAT since 2013.",institutionString:null,institution:null}]},{type:"book",id:"8460",title:"Reproductive Biology and Technology in Animals",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8460.jpg",slug:"reproductive-biology-and-technology-in-animals",publishedDate:"April 15th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Juan Carlos Gardón Poggi and Katy Satué Ambrojo",hash:"32ef5fe73998dd723d308225d756fa1e",volumeInSeries:4,fullTitle:"Reproductive Biology and Technology in Animals",editors:[{id:"251314",title:"Dr.",name:"Juan Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Gardón",slug:"juan-carlos-gardon",fullName:"Juan Carlos Gardón",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/251314/images/system/251314.jpeg",biography:"Juan Carlos Gardón Poggi received University degree from the Faculty of Agrarian Science in Argentina, in 1983. Also he received Masters Degree and PhD from Córdoba University, Spain. He is currently a Professor at the Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, at the Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery. He teaches diverse courses in the field of Animal Reproduction and he is the Director of the Veterinary Farm. He also participates in academic postgraduate activities at the Veterinary Faculty of Murcia University, Spain. His research areas include animal physiology, physiology and biotechnology of reproduction either in males or females, the study of gametes under in vitro conditions and the use of ultrasound as a complement to physiological studies and development of applied biotechnologies. Routinely, he supervises students preparing their doctoral, master thesis or final degree projects.",institutionString:"Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Spain",institution:null}]}]},openForSubmissionBooks:{paginationCount:5,paginationItems:[{id:"11576",title:"Malaria - Recent Advances, and New Perspectives",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11576.jpg",hash:"5a01644fb0b4ce24c2f947913d154abe",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"April 26th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"76041",title:"Prof.",name:"Pier Paolo",surname:"Piccaluga",slug:"pier-paolo-piccaluga",fullName:"Pier Paolo Piccaluga"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11577",title:"Tick-Borne Diseases - A Review and an Update of Knowledge on Infections in Human and Animal Population",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11577.jpg",hash:"3d72ae651ee2a04b2368bf798a3183ca",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"April 29th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"51521",title:"Prof.",name:"Elisa",surname:"Pieragostini",slug:"elisa-pieragostini",fullName:"Elisa Pieragostini"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11570",title:"Influenza - New Approaches",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11570.jpg",hash:"157b379b9d7a4bf5e2cc7a742f155a44",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"May 10th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"139889",title:"Dr.",name:"Seyyed Shamsadin",surname:"Athari",slug:"seyyed-shamsadin-athari",fullName:"Seyyed Shamsadin Athari"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11569",title:"Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections - New Findings, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11569.jpg",hash:"069d6142ecb0d46d14920102d48c0e9d",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,submissionDeadline:"May 31st 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"189561",title:"Dr.",name:"Mihaela Laura",surname:"Vica",slug:"mihaela-laura-vica",fullName:"Mihaela Laura Vica"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11568",title:"Staphylococcal Infections - Recent Advances and Perspectives",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11568.jpg",hash:"92c881664d1921c7f2d0fee34b78cd08",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,submissionDeadline:"June 1st 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"59719",title:"Dr.",name:"Jaime",surname:"Bustos-Martínez",slug:"jaime-bustos-martinez",fullName:"Jaime Bustos-Martínez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:17,paginationItems:[{id:"81791",title:"Self-Supervised Contrastive Representation Learning in Computer Vision",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104785",signatures:"Yalin Bastanlar and Semih Orhan",slug:"self-supervised-contrastive-representation-learning-in-computer-vision",totalDownloads:9,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Pattern Recognition - New Insights",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11442.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"79345",title:"Application of Jump Diffusion Models in Insurance Claim Estimation",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99853",signatures:"Leonard Mushunje, Chiedza Elvina Mashiri, Edina Chandiwana and Maxwell Mashasha",slug:"application-of-jump-diffusion-models-in-insurance-claim-estimation-1",totalDownloads:2,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Data Clustering",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10820.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"81557",title:"Object Tracking Using Adapted Optical Flow",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102863",signatures:"Ronaldo Ferreira, Joaquim José de Castro Ferreira and António José Ribeiro Neves",slug:"object-tracking-using-adapted-optical-flow",totalDownloads:10,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Information Extraction and Object Tracking in Digital Video",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10652.jpg",subseries:{id:"24",title:"Computer Vision"}}},{id:"81558",title:"Thresholding Image Techniques for Plant Segmentation",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104587",signatures:"Miguel Ángel Castillo-Martínez, Francisco Javier Gallegos-Funes, Blanca E. Carvajal-Gámez, Guillermo Urriolagoitia-Sosa and Alberto J. Rosales-Silva",slug:"thresholding-image-techniques-for-plant-segmentation",totalDownloads:13,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Information Extraction and Object Tracking in Digital Video",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10652.jpg",subseries:{id:"24",title:"Computer Vision"}}},{id:"81471",title:"Semantic Map: Bringing Together Groups and Discourses",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103818",signatures:"Theodore Chadjipadelis and Georgia Panagiotidou",slug:"semantic-map-bringing-together-groups-and-discourses",totalDownloads:11,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Data Clustering",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10820.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"79491",title:"Fuzzy Perceptron Learning for Non-Linearly Separable Patterns",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101312",signatures:"Raja Kishor Duggirala",slug:"fuzzy-perceptron-learning-for-non-linearly-separable-patterns",totalDownloads:14,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Raja Kishor",surname:"Duggirala"}],book:{title:"Data Clustering",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10820.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"81234",title:"Cognitive Visual Tracking of Hand Gestures in Real-Time RGB Videos",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103170",signatures:"Richa Golash and Yogendra Kumar Jain",slug:"cognitive-visual-tracking-of-hand-gestures-in-real-time-rgb-videos",totalDownloads:12,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Information Extraction and Object Tracking in Digital Video",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10652.jpg",subseries:{id:"24",title:"Computer Vision"}}},{id:"81331",title:"Machine Learning Algorithm-Based Contraceptive Practice among Ever-Married Women in Bangladesh: A Hierarchical Machine Learning Classification Approach",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103187",signatures:"Iqramul Haq, Md. Ismail Hossain, Md. Moshiur Rahman, Md. Injamul Haq Methun, Ashis Talukder, Md. Jakaria Habib and Md. Sanwar Hossain",slug:"machine-learning-algorithm-based-contraceptive-practice-among-ever-married-women-in-bangladesh-a-hie",totalDownloads:18,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining - Annual Volume 2022",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11422.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"81321",title:"Velocity Planning via Model-Based Reinforcement Learning: Demonstrating Results on PILCO for One-Dimensional Linear Motion with Bounded Acceleration",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103690",signatures:"Hsuan-Cheng Liao, Han-Jung Chou and Jing-Sin Liu",slug:"velocity-planning-via-model-based-reinforcement-learning-demonstrating-results-on-pilco-for-one-dime",totalDownloads:2,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Applied Intelligence - Annual Volume 2022",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11418.jpg",subseries:{id:"22",title:"Applied Intelligence"}}},{id:"80937",title:"Assessing Heterogeneity of Two-Part Model via Bayesian Model-Based Clustering with Its Application to Cocaine Use Data",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103089",signatures:"Ye-Mao Xia, Qi-Hang Zhu and Jian-Wei Gou",slug:"assessing-heterogeneity-of-two-part-model-via-bayesian-model-based-clustering-with-its-application-t",totalDownloads:18,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Data Clustering",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10820.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}}]},subseriesFiltersForOFChapters:[{caption:"Applied Intelligence",value:22,count:1,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Computer Vision",value:24,count:8,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Machine Learning and Data Mining",value:26,count:8,group:"subseries"}],publishedBooks:{paginationCount:27,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"10803",title:"Reactive Oxygen Species",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10803.jpg",slug:"reactive-oxygen-species",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Rizwan Ahmad",hash:"176adcf090fdd1f93cb8ce3146e79ca1",volumeInSeries:28,fullTitle:"Reactive Oxygen Species",editors:[{id:"40482",title:null,name:"Rizwan",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"rizwan-ahmad",fullName:"Rizwan Ahmad",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/40482/images/system/40482.jpeg",institutionString:"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University",institution:{name:"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9008",title:"Vitamin K",subtitle:"Recent Topics on the Biology and Chemistry",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9008.jpg",slug:"vitamin-k-recent-topics-on-the-biology-and-chemistry",publishedDate:"March 23rd 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Hiroyuki Kagechika and Hitoshi Shirakawa",hash:"8b43add5389ba85743e0a9491e4b9943",volumeInSeries:27,fullTitle:"Vitamin K - Recent Topics on the Biology and Chemistry",editors:[{id:"180528",title:"Dr.",name:"Hiroyuki",middleName:null,surname:"Kagechika",slug:"hiroyuki-kagechika",fullName:"Hiroyuki Kagechika",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/180528/images/system/180528.jpg",institutionString:"Tokyo Medical and Dental University",institution:{name:"Tokyo Medical and Dental University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"10799",title:"Phenolic Compounds",subtitle:"Chemistry, Synthesis, Diversity, Non-Conventional Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10799.jpg",slug:"phenolic-compounds-chemistry-synthesis-diversity-non-conventional-industrial-pharmaceutical-and-therapeutic-applications",publishedDate:"February 23rd 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Farid A. Badria",hash:"339199f254d2987ef3167eef74fb8a38",volumeInSeries:26,fullTitle:"Phenolic Compounds - Chemistry, Synthesis, Diversity, Non-Conventional Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications",editors:[{id:"41865",title:"Prof.",name:"Farid A.",middleName:null,surname:"Badria",slug:"farid-a.-badria",fullName:"Farid A. Badria",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/41865/images/system/41865.jpg",institutionString:"Mansoura University",institution:{name:"Mansoura University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9659",title:"Fibroblasts",subtitle:"Advances in Inflammation, Autoimmunity and Cancer",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9659.jpg",slug:"fibroblasts-advances-in-inflammation-autoimmunity-and-cancer",publishedDate:"December 22nd 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Mojca Frank Bertoncelj and Katja Lakota",hash:"926fa6446f6befbd363fc74971a56de2",volumeInSeries:25,fullTitle:"Fibroblasts - Advances in Inflammation, Autoimmunity and Cancer",editors:[{id:"328755",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Mojca",middleName:null,surname:"Frank Bertoncelj",slug:"mojca-frank-bertoncelj",fullName:"Mojca Frank Bertoncelj",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/328755/images/system/328755.jpg",institutionString:"BioMed X Institute",institution:{name:"University Hospital of Zurich",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Switzerland"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8977",title:"Protein Kinases",subtitle:"Promising Targets for Anticancer Drug Research",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8977.jpg",slug:"protein-kinases-promising-targets-for-anticancer-drug-research",publishedDate:"December 8th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Rajesh Kumar Singh",hash:"6d200cc031706a565b554fdb1c478901",volumeInSeries:24,fullTitle:"Protein Kinases - Promising Targets for Anticancer Drug Research",editors:[{id:"329385",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajesh K.",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Singh",slug:"rajesh-k.-singh",fullName:"Rajesh K. Singh",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/329385/images/system/329385.png",institutionString:"Punjab Technical University",institution:{name:"Punjab Technical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8018",title:"Extracellular Matrix",subtitle:"Developments and Therapeutics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8018.jpg",slug:"extracellular-matrix-developments-and-therapeutics",publishedDate:"October 27th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Rama Sashank Madhurapantula, Joseph Orgel P.R.O. and Zvi Loewy",hash:"c85e82851e80b40282ff9be99ddf2046",volumeInSeries:23,fullTitle:"Extracellular Matrix - Developments and Therapeutics",editors:[{id:"212416",title:"Dr.",name:"Rama Sashank",middleName:null,surname:"Madhurapantula",slug:"rama-sashank-madhurapantula",fullName:"Rama Sashank Madhurapantula",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/212416/images/system/212416.jpg",institutionString:"Illinois Institute of Technology",institution:{name:"Illinois Institute of Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9759",title:"Vitamin E in Health and Disease",subtitle:"Interactions, Diseases and Health Aspects",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9759.jpg",slug:"vitamin-e-in-health-and-disease-interactions-diseases-and-health-aspects",publishedDate:"October 6th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Pınar Erkekoglu and Júlia Scherer Santos",hash:"6c3ddcc13626110de289b57f2516ac8f",volumeInSeries:22,fullTitle:"Vitamin E in Health and Disease - Interactions, Diseases and Health Aspects",editors:[{id:"109978",title:"Prof.",name:"Pınar",middleName:null,surname:"Erkekoğlu",slug:"pinar-erkekoglu",fullName:"Pınar Erkekoğlu",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/109978/images/system/109978.jpg",institutionString:"Hacettepe University",institution:{name:"Hacettepe University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9753",title:"Terpenes and Terpenoids",subtitle:"Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9753.jpg",slug:"terpenes-and-terpenoids-recent-advances",publishedDate:"July 28th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Shagufta Perveen and Areej Mohammad Al-Taweel",hash:"575689df13c78bf0e6c1be40804cd010",volumeInSeries:21,fullTitle:"Terpenes and Terpenoids - Recent Advances",editors:[{id:"192992",title:"Prof.",name:"Shagufta",middleName:null,surname:"Perveen",slug:"shagufta-perveen",fullName:"Shagufta Perveen",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/192992/images/system/192992.png",institutionString:"King Saud University",institution:{name:"King Saud University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9403",title:"Human Microbiome",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9403.jpg",slug:"human-microbiome",publishedDate:"June 16th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Natalia V. Beloborodova and Andrey V. Grechko",hash:"c31366ba82585ba3ac91d21eb1cf0a4d",volumeInSeries:20,fullTitle:"Human Microbiome",editors:[{id:"199461",title:"Prof.",name:"Natalia V.",middleName:null,surname:"Beloborodova",slug:"natalia-v.-beloborodova",fullName:"Natalia V. Beloborodova",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/199461/images/system/199461.jpg",institutionString:"Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9731",title:"Oxidoreductase",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9731.jpg",slug:"oxidoreductase",publishedDate:"February 17th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Mahmoud Ahmed Mansour",hash:"852e6f862c85fc3adecdbaf822e64e6e",volumeInSeries:19,fullTitle:"Oxidoreductase",editors:[{id:"224662",title:"Prof.",name:"Mahmoud Ahmed",middleName:null,surname:"Mansour",slug:"mahmoud-ahmed-mansour",fullName:"Mahmoud Ahmed Mansour",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/224662/images/system/224662.jpg",institutionString:"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences",institution:{name:"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9742",title:"Ubiquitin",subtitle:"Proteasome Pathway",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9742.jpg",slug:"ubiquitin-proteasome-pathway",publishedDate:"December 9th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Xianquan Zhan",hash:"af6880d3a5571da1377ac8f6373b9e82",volumeInSeries:18,fullTitle:"Ubiquitin - Proteasome Pathway",editors:[{id:"223233",title:"Prof.",name:"Xianquan",middleName:null,surname:"Zhan",slug:"xianquan-zhan",fullName:"Xianquan Zhan",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/223233/images/system/223233.png",institutionString:"Shandong First Medical University",institution:{name:"Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9002",title:"Glutathione System and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9002.jpg",slug:"glutathione-system-and-oxidative-stress-in-health-and-disease",publishedDate:"August 26th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Margarete Dulce Bagatini",hash:"127defed0a50ad5ed92338dc96e1e10e",volumeInSeries:17,fullTitle:"Glutathione System and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease",editors:[{id:"217850",title:"Dr.",name:"Margarete Dulce",middleName:null,surname:"Bagatini",slug:"margarete-dulce-bagatini",fullName:"Margarete Dulce Bagatini",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/217850/images/system/217850.jpeg",institutionString:"Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul",institution:{name:"Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},subseriesFiltersForPublishedBooks:[{group:"subseries",caption:"Proteomics",value:18,count:3},{group:"subseries",caption:"Metabolism",value:17,count:6},{group:"subseries",caption:"Cell and Molecular Biology",value:14,count:8},{group:"subseries",caption:"Chemical Biology",value:15,count:10}],publicationYearFilters:[{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2022",value:2022,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2021",value:2021,count:7},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2020",value:2020,count:12},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2019",value:2019,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2018",value:2018,count:2}],authors:{paginationCount:25,paginationItems:[{id:"429683",title:"Dr.",name:"Bilal",middleName:null,surname:"Khalid",slug:"bilal-khalid",fullName:"Bilal Khalid",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/429683/images/system/429683.png",biography:"Dr. Bilal Khalid received a Ph.D. in Industrial Business Administration from KMITL Business School, Bangkok, in 2021, and a master’s in International Business Management from Stamford International University, Bangkok, in 2017. Dr. Khalid\\'s research interests include leadership and negotiations, digital transformations, gamification, eLearning, blockchain, Big Data, and management of information technology. Dr. Bilal Khalid also serves as an academic editor at Education Research International and a reviewer for international journals.",institutionString:"KMITL Business School",institution:{name:"King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang",country:{name:"Thailand"}}},{id:"418514",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Mohiuddin",slug:"muhammad-mohiuddin",fullName:"Muhammad Mohiuddin",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000038UqSfQAK/Profile_Picture_2022-05-13T10:39:03.jpg",biography:"Dr. Muhammad Mohiuddin is an Associate Professor of International Business at Laval University, Canada. He has taught at Thompson Rivers University, Canada; University of Paris-Est, France; Osnabruck University of Applied Science, Germany; and Shanghai Institute of Technology and Tianjin University of Technology, China. He has published research in Research Policy, Applied Economics, Review of Economic Philosophy, Strategic Change, International Journal of Logistics, Sustainability, Journal of Environmental Management, Journal of Global Information Management, Journal of Cleaner Production, M@N@GEMENT, and more. He is a member of CEDIMES Institut (France), Academy of International Business (AIB), Strategic Management Society (SMS), Academy of Management (AOM), Administrative Science Association of Canada (ASAC), and Canadian council of small business and entrepreneurship (CCSBE). He is currently the director of the Research Group on Contemporary Asia (GERAC) at Laval University. He is also co-managing editor of Transnational Corporations Review and a guest editor for Electronic Commerce Research and Journal of Internet Technology.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Université Laval",country:{name:"Canada"}}},{id:"189147",title:"Dr.",name:"Hailan",middleName:null,surname:"Salamun",slug:"hailan-salamun",fullName:"Hailan Salamun",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/189147/images/19274_n.jpeg",biography:"Hailan Salamun, (Dr.) was born in Selangor, Malaysia and graduated from Tunku Ampuan Jamaah Religious High School at Shah Alam. Obtained a degree from the International Islamic University (UIA), Gombak in the field of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage. Next, I furthered my studies to the professional level to obtain a Diploma in Education at UIA. After serving for several years in school, I furthered my studies to the Master of Dakwah and Leadership at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi. I graduated with a Doctor of Philosophy in Principalship Leadership from the University of Malaya (UM) in 2010. I am currently a senior lecturer in the Department of Nationalism and Civilization, Center for Basic and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu. Prior to that, I had served in several educational institutions such as schools, the Institute of Teacher Education (IPG), and also the University of Malaya. I am also actively involved in paper presentation, writing and publishing. My research interests are focused on leadership, education, society and Islamic civilization. This area of research requires a detailed understanding of Islamic studies and research studies in leadership. Another research interest that I have explored recently is the politics of the Malay community and also the leadership of the mosque.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Malaysia Terengganu",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"442081",title:"Dr.",name:"Audrey",middleName:null,surname:"Addy",slug:"audrey-addy",fullName:"Audrey Addy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology",country:{name:"Ghana"}}},{id:"437993",title:"Mr.",name:"Job",middleName:null,surname:"Jackson",slug:"job-jackson",fullName:"Job Jackson",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Management College of Southern Africa",country:{name:"South Africa"}}},{id:"428495",title:"Prof.",name:"Asyraf",middleName:null,surname:"Ab Rahman",slug:"asyraf-ab-rahman",fullName:"Asyraf Ab Rahman",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Malaysia Terengganu",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"429650",title:"Dr.",name:"Jacqueline",middleName:null,surname:"Kareem",slug:"jacqueline-kareem",fullName:"Jacqueline Kareem",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Christ University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"421041",title:"Dr.",name:"Sunil",middleName:null,surname:"Kumar Ramdas",slug:"sunil-kumar-ramdas",fullName:"Sunil Kumar Ramdas",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Jain University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"421833",title:"Mr.",name:"Eugene",middleName:null,surname:"Owusu-Acheampong",slug:"eugene-owusu-acheampong",fullName:"Eugene Owusu-Acheampong",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Ghana",country:{name:"Ghana"}}},{id:"239876",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Luciana",middleName:null,surname:"Mourão",slug:"luciana-mourao",fullName:"Luciana Mourão",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Salgado de Oliveira",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"421735",title:"Dr.",name:"elizabeth",middleName:null,surname:"addy",slug:"elizabeth-addy",fullName:"elizabeth addy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"442083",title:"Dr.",name:"James",middleName:null,surname:"Addy",slug:"james-addy",fullName:"James Addy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"437991",title:"Prof.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Hoque",slug:"muhammad-hoque",fullName:"Muhammad Hoque",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421006",title:"Dr.",name:"Anna",middleName:null,surname:"Uster",slug:"anna-uster",fullName:"Anna Uster",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"470243",title:"Dr.",name:"Md Samim",middleName:null,surname:"Al Azad",slug:"md-samim-al-azad",fullName:"Md Samim Al Azad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"470244",title:"Dr.",name:"Slimane",middleName:null,surname:"Ed-dafali",slug:"slimane-ed-dafali",fullName:"Slimane Ed-dafali",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421011",title:"Dr.",name:"Afatakpa",middleName:null,surname:"Fortune",slug:"afatakpa-fortune",fullName:"Afatakpa Fortune",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"446057",title:"Mr.",name:"Okedare",middleName:null,surname:"David Olubukunmi",slug:"okedare-david-olubukunmi",fullName:"Okedare David Olubukunmi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421778",title:"Dr.",name:"Fatimah",middleName:"Saeed",surname:"AlAhmari",slug:"fatimah-alahmari",fullName:"Fatimah AlAhmari",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421024",title:"Prof.",name:"Harold Andrew",middleName:null,surname:"Patrick",slug:"harold-andrew-patrick",fullName:"Harold Andrew Patrick",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421065",title:"Ms.",name:"Euzália",middleName:null,surname:"do Rosário Botelho Tomé",slug:"euzalia-do-rosario-botelho-tome",fullName:"Euzália do Rosário Botelho Tomé",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421053",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Ken",middleName:null,surname:"Kalala Ndalamba",slug:"ken-kalala-ndalamba",fullName:"Ken Kalala Ndalamba",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421826",title:"Dr.",name:"Inusah",middleName:null,surname:"Salifu",slug:"inusah-salifu",fullName:"Inusah Salifu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"420823",title:"Prof.",name:"Gardênia da Silva",middleName:null,surname:"Abbad",slug:"gardenia-da-silva-abbad",fullName:"Gardênia da Silva Abbad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"437613",title:"MSc.",name:"Juliana",middleName:null,surname:"Legentil",slug:"juliana-legentil",fullName:"Juliana Legentil",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"28",type:"subseries",title:"Animal Reproductive Biology and Technology",keywords:"Animal Reproduction, Artificial Insemination, Embryos, Cryopreservation, Conservation, Breeding, Epigenetics",scope:"The advances of knowledge on animal reproductive biology and technologies revolutionized livestock production. Artificial insemination, for example, was the first technology applied on a large scale, initially in dairy cattle and afterward applied to other species. Nowadays, embryo production and transfer are used commercially along with other technologies to modulate epigenetic regulation. Gene editing is also emerging as an innovative tool. This topic will discuss the potential use of these techniques, novel strategies, and lines of research in progress in the fields mentioned above.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/28.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!0,hasPublishedBooks:!0,annualVolume:11417,editor:{id:"177225",title:"Prof.",name:"Rosa Maria Lino Neto",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"rosa-maria-lino-neto-pereira",fullName:"Rosa Maria Lino Neto Pereira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bS9wkQAC/Profile_Picture_1624519982291",biography:"Rosa Maria Lino Neto Pereira (DVM, MsC, PhD and) is currently a researcher at the Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Unit of the National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinarian Research (INIAV, Portugal). She is the head of the Reproduction and Embryology Laboratories and was lecturer of Reproduction and Reproductive Biotechnologies at Veterinary Medicine Faculty. She has over 25 years of experience working in reproductive biology and biotechnology areas with a special emphasis on embryo and gamete cryopreservation, for research and animal genetic resources conservation, leading research projects with several peer-reviewed papers. Rosa Pereira is member of the ERFP-FAO Ex situ Working Group and of the Management Commission of the Portuguese Animal Germplasm Bank.",institutionString:"The National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research. Portugal",institution:null},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,series:{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",issn:"2632-0517"},editorialBoard:[{id:"90066",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexandre",middleName:"Rodrigues",surname:"Silva",slug:"alexandre-silva",fullName:"Alexandre Silva",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRt8pQAC/Profile_Picture_1622531020756",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"176987",title:"Ph.D.",name:"María-José",middleName:"Carrascosa",surname:"Argente",slug:"maria-jose-argente",fullName:"María-José Argente",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bS9vOQAS/Profile_Picture_1630330499537",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Miguel Hernandez University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"321396",title:"Prof.",name:"Muhammad Subhan",middleName:null,surname:"Qureshi",slug:"muhammad-subhan-qureshi",fullName:"Muhammad Subhan Qureshi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/321396/images/system/321396.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Agriculture",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Pakistan"}}},{id:"183723",title:"Prof.",name:"Xiaojun",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",slug:"xiaojun-liu",fullName:"Xiaojun Liu",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/183723/images/system/183723.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Henan Agricultural University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:13,paginationItems:[{id:"81751",title:"NanoBioSensors: From Electrochemical Sensors Improvement to Theranostic Applications",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102552",signatures:"Anielle C.A. Silva, Eliete A. Alvin, Lais S. de Jesus, Caio C.L. de França, Marílya P.G. da Silva, Samaysa L. Lins, Diógenes Meneses, Marcela R. Lemes, Rhanoica O. Guerra, Marcos V. da Silva, Carlo J.F. de Oliveira, Virmondes Rodrigues Junior, Renata M. Etchebehere, Fabiane C. de Abreu, Bruno G. Lucca, Sanívia A.L. Pereira, Rodrigo C. Rosa and Noelio O. Dantas",slug:"nanobiosensors-from-electrochemical-sensors-improvement-to-theranostic-applications",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"81678",title:"Developmental Studies on Practical Enzymatic Phosphate Ion Biosensors and Microbial BOD Biosensors, and New Insights into the Future Perspectives of These Biosensor Fields",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104377",signatures:"Hideaki Nakamura",slug:"developmental-studies-on-practical-enzymatic-phosphate-ion-biosensors-and-microbial-bod-biosensors-a",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Hideaki",surname:"Nakamura"}],book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"81412",title:"Mathematical Morphology and the Heart Signals",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104113",signatures:"Taouli Sidi Ahmed",slug:"mathematical-morphology-and-the-heart-signals",totalDownloads:18,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"81360",title:"Deep Learning Algorithms for Efficient Analysis of ECG Signals to Detect Heart Disorders",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103075",signatures:"Sumagna Dey, Rohan Pal and Saptarshi Biswas",slug:"deep-learning-algorithms-for-efficient-analysis-of-ecg-signals-to-detect-heart-disorders",totalDownloads:31,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"81068",title:"Characteristic Profiles of Heart Rate Variability in Depression and Anxiety",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104205",signatures:"Toshikazu Shinba",slug:"characteristic-profiles-of-heart-rate-variability-in-depression-and-anxiety",totalDownloads:20,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"80691",title:"Applications of Quantum Mechanics, Laws of Classical Physics, and Differential Calculus to Evaluate Source Localization According to the Electroencephalogram",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102831",signatures:"Kristin S. Williams",slug:"applications-of-quantum-mechanics-laws-of-classical-physics-and-differential-calculus-to-evaluate-so",totalDownloads:7,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"80643",title:"EEG Authentication System Using Fuzzy Vault Scheme",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102699",signatures:"Fatima M. Baqer and Salah Albermany",slug:"eeg-authentication-system-using-fuzzy-vault-scheme",totalDownloads:35,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"80529",title:"Effective EEG Artifact Removal from EEG Signal",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102698",signatures:"Vandana Roy",slug:"effective-eeg-artifact-removal-from-eeg-signal",totalDownloads:66,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"80505",title:"Soft Tissue Image Reconstruction Using Diffuse Optical Tomography",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102463",signatures:"Umamaheswari K, Shrichandran G.V. and Jebaderwin D.",slug:"soft-tissue-image-reconstruction-using-diffuse-optical-tomography",totalDownloads:47,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"79881",title:"Control of Cytoskeletal Dynamics in Cancer through a Combination of Cytoskeletal Components",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101624",signatures:"Ban Hussein Alwash, Rawan Asaad Jaber Al-Rubaye, Mustafa Mohammad Alaaraj and Anwar Yahya Ebrahim",slug:"control-of-cytoskeletal-dynamics-in-cancer-through-a-combination-of-cytoskeletal-components",totalDownloads:104,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Cancer Bioinformatics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10661.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"79580",title:"Dotting the “i” of Interoperability in FAIR Cancer-Registry Data Sets",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101330",signatures:"Nicholas Nicholson, Francesco Giusti, Luciana Neamtiu, Giorgia Randi, Tadeusz Dyba, Manola Bettio, Raquel Negrao Carvalho, Nadya Dimitrova, Manuela Flego and Carmen Martos",slug:"dotting-the-i-of-interoperability-in-fair-cancer-registry-data-sets",totalDownloads:102,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Cancer Bioinformatics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10661.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"79550",title:"Urologic Cancer Molecular Biology",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101381",signatures:"Pavel Onofrei, Viorel Dragoș Radu, Alina-Alexandra Onofrei, Stoica Laura, Doinita Temelie-Olinici, Ana-Emanuela Botez, Vasile Bogdan Grecu and Elena Carmen Cotrutz",slug:"urologic-cancer-molecular-biology",totalDownloads:97,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Cancer Bioinformatics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10661.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"79450",title:"Identification of Biomarkers Associated with Cancer Using Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101432",signatures:"Arpana Parihar, Shivani Malviya and Raju Khan",slug:"identification-of-biomarkers-associated-with-cancer-using-integrated-bioinformatic-analysis",totalDownloads:156,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,authors:null,book:{title:"Cancer Bioinformatics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10661.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}}]},publishedBooks:{paginationCount:8,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"7999",title:"Free Radical Medicine and Biology",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7999.jpg",slug:"free-radical-medicine-and-biology",publishedDate:"July 15th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Kusal Das, Swastika Das, Mallanagouda Shivanagouda Biradar, Varaprasad Bobbarala and S. Subba Tata",hash:"083e5d427097d368a3f8a02bd6c76bf8",volumeInSeries:10,fullTitle:"Free Radical Medicine and Biology",editors:[{id:"187859",title:"Prof.",name:"Kusal",middleName:"K.",surname:"Das",slug:"kusal-das",fullName:"Kusal Das",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSBDeQAO/Profile_Picture_1623411145568",institutionString:"BLDE (Deemed to be University), India",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8762",title:"Melatonin",subtitle:"The Hormone of Darkness and its Therapeutic Potential and Perspectives",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8762.jpg",slug:"melatonin-the-hormone-of-darkness-and-its-therapeutic-potential-and-perspectives",publishedDate:"June 24th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Marilena Vlachou",hash:"bfbc5538173f11acb0f9549a85b70489",volumeInSeries:9,fullTitle:"Melatonin - The Hormone of Darkness and its Therapeutic Potential and Perspectives",editors:[{id:"246279",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Marilena",middleName:null,surname:"Vlachou",slug:"marilena-vlachou",fullName:"Marilena Vlachou",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/246279/images/system/246279.jpg",institutionString:"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens",institution:{name:"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Greece"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8002",title:"Tumor Progression and Metastasis",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8002.jpg",slug:"tumor-progression-and-metastasis",publishedDate:"April 8th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Ahmed Lasfar and Karine Cohen-Solal",hash:"db17b0fe0a9b6e80ff02b81a93bafa4e",volumeInSeries:8,fullTitle:"Tumor Progression and Metastasis",editors:[{id:"32546",title:"Dr.",name:"Ahmed",middleName:null,surname:"Lasfar",slug:"ahmed-lasfar",fullName:"Ahmed Lasfar",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/32546/images/system/32546.png",institutionString:"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey",institution:{name:"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"6897",title:"Biophysical Chemistry",subtitle:"Advance Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6897.jpg",slug:"biophysical-chemistry-advance-applications",publishedDate:"February 19th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Mohammed A. A. Khalid",hash:"0ad18ab382e2ffb9ff202d15282297eb",volumeInSeries:7,fullTitle:"Biophysical Chemistry - Advance Applications",editors:[{id:"137240",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:null,surname:"Khalid",slug:"mohammed-khalid",fullName:"Mohammed Khalid",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/137240/images/system/137240.png",institutionString:"Taif University",institution:{name:"Taif University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8008",title:"Antioxidants",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8008.jpg",slug:"antioxidants",publishedDate:"November 6th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Emad Shalaby",hash:"76361b4061e830906267933c1c670027",volumeInSeries:5,fullTitle:"Antioxidants",editors:[{id:"63600",title:"Prof.",name:"Emad",middleName:null,surname:"Shalaby",slug:"emad-shalaby",fullName:"Emad Shalaby",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/63600/images/system/63600.png",institutionString:"Cairo University",institution:{name:"Cairo University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"6924",title:"Adenosine Triphosphate in Health and Disease",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6924.jpg",slug:"adenosine-triphosphate-in-health-and-disease",publishedDate:"April 24th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Gyula Mozsik",hash:"04106c232a3c68fec07ba7cf00d2522d",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Adenosine Triphosphate in Health and Disease",editors:[{id:"58390",title:"Dr.",name:"Gyula",middleName:null,surname:"Mozsik",slug:"gyula-mozsik",fullName:"Gyula Mozsik",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/58390/images/system/58390.png",institutionString:"University of Pécs",institution:{name:"University of Pecs",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Hungary"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"6925",title:"Endoplasmic Reticulum",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6925.jpg",slug:"endoplasmic-reticulum",publishedDate:"April 17th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Angel Català",hash:"a9e90d2dbdbc46128dfe7dac9f87c6b4",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Endoplasmic Reticulum",editors:[{id:"196544",title:"Prof.",name:"Angel",middleName:null,surname:"Catala",slug:"angel-catala",fullName:"Angel Catala",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/196544/images/system/196544.jpg",institutionString:"Universidad Nacional de La Plata",institution:{name:"National University of La Plata",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Argentina"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7264",title:"Calcium and Signal Transduction",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7264.jpg",slug:"calcium-and-signal-transduction",publishedDate:"October 24th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"John N. Buchholz and Erik J. Behringer",hash:"e373a3d1123dbd45fddf75d90e3e7c38",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Calcium and Signal Transduction",editors:[{id:"89438",title:"Dr.",name:"John N.",middleName:null,surname:"Buchholz",slug:"john-n.-buchholz",fullName:"John N. Buchholz",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/89438/images/6463_n.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Loma Linda University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},testimonialsList:[{id:"8",text:"I work with IntechOpen for a number of reasons: their professionalism, their mission in support of Open Access publishing, and the quality of their peer-reviewed publications, but also because they believe in equality.",author:{id:"202192",name:"Catrin",surname:"Rutland",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",slug:"catrin-rutland",institution:{id:"134",name:"University of Nottingham",country:{id:null,name:"United Kingdom"}}}},{id:"27",text:"The opportunity to work with a prestigious publisher allows for the possibility to collaborate with more research groups interested in animal nutrition, leading to the development of new feeding strategies and food valuation while being more sustainable with the environment, allowing more readers to learn about the subject.",author:{id:"175967",name:"Manuel",surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",institution:{id:"6221",name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",country:{id:null,name:"Mexico"}}}},{id:"18",text:"It was great publishing with IntechOpen, the process was straightforward and I had support all along.",author:{id:"71579",name:"Berend",surname:"Olivier",institutionString:"Utrecht University",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/71579/images/system/71579.png",slug:"berend-olivier",institution:{id:"253",name:"Utrecht University",country:{id:null,name:"Netherlands"}}}}]},submityourwork:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:87,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:98,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:27,numberOfPublishedChapters:287,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:9,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:139,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:129,numberOfOpenTopics:0,numberOfUpcomingTopics:2,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:107,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:10,numberOfPublishedChapters:103,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:12,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:0,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:10,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],subseriesList:[{id:"4",title:"Fungal Infectious Diseases",scope:"Fungi are ubiquitous and there are almost no non-pathogenic fungi. Fungal infectious illness prevalence and prognosis are determined by the exposure between fungi and host, host immunological state, fungal virulence, and early and accurate diagnosis and treatment. \r\nPatients with both congenital and acquired immunodeficiency are more likely to be infected with opportunistic mycosis. Fungal infectious disease outbreaks are common during the post- disaster rebuilding era, which is characterised by high population density, migration, and poor health and medical conditions.\r\nSystemic or local fungal infection is mainly associated with the fungi directly inhaled or inoculated in the environment during the disaster. The most common fungal infection pathways are human to human (anthropophilic), animal to human (zoophilic), and environment to human (soilophile). Diseases are common as a result of widespread exposure to pathogenic fungus dispersed into the environment. \r\nFungi that are both common and emerging are intertwined. In Southeast Asia, for example, Talaromyces marneffei is an important pathogenic thermally dimorphic fungus that causes systemic mycosis. Widespread fungal infections with complicated and variable clinical manifestations, such as Candida auris infection resistant to several antifungal medicines, Covid-19 associated with Trichoderma, and terbinafine resistant dermatophytosis in India, are among the most serious disorders. \r\nInappropriate local or systemic use of glucocorticoids, as well as their immunosuppressive effects, may lead to changes in fungal infection spectrum and clinical characteristics. Hematogenous candidiasis is a worrisome issue that affects people all over the world, particularly ICU patients. CARD9 deficiency and fungal infection have been major issues in recent years. Invasive aspergillosis is associated with a significant death rate. Special attention should be given to endemic fungal infections, identification of important clinical fungal infections advanced in yeasts, filamentous fungal infections, skin mycobiome and fungal genomes, and immunity to fungal infections.\r\nIn addition, endemic fungal diseases or uncommon fungal infections caused by Mucor irregularis, dermatophytosis, Malassezia, cryptococcosis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidiosis, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, sporotrichosis, and other fungi, should be monitored. \r\nThis topic includes the research progress on the etiology and pathogenesis of fungal infections, new methods of isolation and identification, rapid detection, drug sensitivity testing, new antifungal drugs, schemes and case series reports. It will provide significant opportunities and support for scientists, clinical doctors, mycologists, antifungal drug researchers, public health practitioners, and epidemiologists from all over the world to share new research, ideas and solutions to promote the development and progress of medical mycology.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/4.jpg",keywords:"Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Invasive Infections, Epidemiology, Cell Membrane, Fungal Virulence, Diagnosis, Treatment"},{id:"5",title:"Parasitic Infectious Diseases",scope:"Parasitic diseases have evolved alongside their human hosts. In many cases, these diseases have adapted so well that they have developed efficient resilience methods in the human host and can live in the host for years. Others, particularly some blood parasites, can cause very acute diseases and are responsible for millions of deaths yearly. Many parasitic diseases are classified as neglected tropical diseases because they have received minimal funding over recent years and, in many cases, are under-reported despite the critical role they play in morbidity and mortality among human and animal hosts. The current topic, Parasitic Infectious Diseases, in the Infectious Diseases Series aims to publish studies on the systematics, epidemiology, molecular biology, genomics, pathogenesis, genetics, and clinical significance of parasitic diseases from blood borne to intestinal parasites as well as zoonotic parasites. We hope to cover all aspects of parasitic diseases to provide current and relevant research data on these very important diseases. In the current atmosphere of the Coronavirus pandemic, communities around the world, particularly those in different underdeveloped areas, are faced with the growing challenges of the high burden of parasitic diseases. At the same time, they are faced with the Covid-19 pandemic leading to what some authors have called potential syndemics that might worsen the outcome of such infections. Therefore, it is important to conduct studies that examine parasitic infections in the context of the coronavirus pandemic for the benefit of all communities to help foster more informed decisions for the betterment of human and animal health.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/5.jpg",keywords:"Blood Borne Parasites, Intestinal Parasites, Protozoa, Helminths, Arthropods, Water Born Parasites, Epidemiology, Molecular Biology, Systematics, Genomics, Proteomics, Ecology"},{id:"6",title:"Viral Infectious Diseases",scope:"The Viral Infectious Diseases Book Series aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent research trends and discoveries in various viral infectious diseases emerging around the globe. The emergence of any viral disease is hard to anticipate, which often contributes to death. A viral disease can be defined as an infectious disease that has recently appeared within a population or exists in nature with the rapid expansion of incident or geographic range. This series will focus on various crucial factors related to emerging viral infectious diseases, including epidemiology, pathogenesis, host immune response, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical recommendations for managing viral infectious diseases, highlighting the recent issues with future directions for effective therapeutic strategies.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/6.jpg",keywords:"Novel Viruses, Virus Transmission, Virus Evolution, Molecular Virology, Control and Prevention, Virus-host Interaction"}],annualVolumeBook:{},thematicCollection:[],selectedSeries:{title:"Infectious Diseases",id:"6"},selectedSubseries:null},seriesLanding:{item:null},libraryRecommendation:{success:null,errors:{},institutions:[]},route:{name:"profile.detail",path:"/profiles/438764",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"438764"},fullPath:"/profiles/438764",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()