Posterior estimates of regression coefficients with standard errors.
\\n\\n
These books synthesize perspectives of renowned scientists from the world’s most prestigious institutions - from Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute in Japan to Stanford University in the United States, including Columbia University (US), University of Sidney (AU), University of Miami (USA), Cardiff University (UK), and many others.
\\n\\nThis collaboration embodied the true essence of Open Access by simplifying the approach to OA publishing for Academic editors and authors who contributed their research and allowed the new research to be made available free and open to anyone anywhere in the world.
\\n\\nTo celebrate the 50 books published, we have gathered them at one location - just one click away, so that you can easily browse the subjects of your interest, download the content directly, share it or read online.
\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:null},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'
IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched formed a partnership to support researchers working in engineering sciences by enabling an easier approach to publishing Open Access content. Using the Knowledge Unlatched crowdfunding model to raise the publishing costs through libraries around the world, Open Access Publishing Fee (OAPF) was not required from the authors.
\n\nInitially, the partnership supported engineering research, but it soon grew to include physical and life sciences, attracting more researchers to the advantages of Open Access publishing.
\n\n\n\nThese books synthesize perspectives of renowned scientists from the world’s most prestigious institutions - from Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute in Japan to Stanford University in the United States, including Columbia University (US), University of Sidney (AU), University of Miami (USA), Cardiff University (UK), and many others.
\n\nThis collaboration embodied the true essence of Open Access by simplifying the approach to OA publishing for Academic editors and authors who contributed their research and allowed the new research to be made available free and open to anyone anywhere in the world.
\n\nTo celebrate the 50 books published, we have gathered them at one location - just one click away, so that you can easily browse the subjects of your interest, download the content directly, share it or read online.
\n\n\n\n\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"},{slug:"introducing-intechopen-book-series-a-new-publishing-format-for-oa-books-20210915",title:"Introducing IntechOpen Book Series - A New Publishing Format for OA Books"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"5983",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Severe Plastic Deformation Techniques",title:"Severe Plastic Deformation Techniques",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"Grain size is recognized as a key microstructural factor affecting mechanical and, to some extent, physical properties of metals and metallic materials. For this reason, all the means designed to control and modify the grain size are considered a proper way to design and tailor metallic materials with desired properties. In this sense, microstructure refinement through severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques can be considered a key method for this purpose. A typical SPD process is currently defined as any method of metal forming under extensive hydrostatic pressure intended to impose a very high strain on a bulk solid without involving any significant change in the overall dimensions and having the ability to produce exceptional grain refinement. What makes SPD processing techniques so popular and attractive is the possibility of using them to enhance the strength behavior of conventional metallic materials by a factor of up to eight for pure metals such as copper and by some 30-50% for alloys. Despite the impressive property improvement achievable with SPD techniques, their uptake by industry has been rather sluggish. This book intends to give a panorama of the typical SPD techniques intended to optimize the mechanical and physical properties of metals through a significant grain size reduction process. Modeling for this purpose is also presented.",isbn:"978-953-51-3426-8",printIsbn:"978-953-51-3425-1",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-4714-5",doi:"10.5772/66556",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"severe-plastic-deformation-techniques",numberOfPages:226,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:1,isInBkci:!1,hash:"859d778bfff0b9e24c7ff6360a164c8c",bookSignature:"Marcello Cabibbo",publishedDate:"August 9th 2017",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5983.jpg",numberOfDownloads:11408,numberOfWosCitations:47,numberOfCrossrefCitations:15,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:24,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:0,hasAltmetrics:1,numberOfTotalCitations:86,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"November 16th 2016",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"December 7th 2016",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"March 5th 2017",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"June 3rd 2017",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"August 2nd 2017",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6,7",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"180609",title:"Prof.",name:"Marcello",middleName:null,surname:"Cabibbo",slug:"marcello-cabibbo",fullName:"Marcello Cabibbo",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/180609/images/5948_n.jpg",biography:"Professor Marcello Cabibbo was born in Palermo in 1971 and graduated \nin Physics at the Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna in 1996. \nHe took his PhD degree in Materials Engineering at the University of \nTor Vergata in Rome (2000). He was a university researcher from 2000 \nto 2007, and from that year, he has been an associate professor of Metallurgy with the \nDIISM/Università Politecnica delle Marche. In his early years of academic career, he won \nseveral awards, of which the most relevant are Young Researcher award from Univer\n-\nsità Politecnica delle Marche (2000 and 2002) and Researcher of the Year award from \nUniversità Politecnica delle Marche (2003) and he was third at a national ranking for the \nMaterials Science Microscopy SISM (Italian Society of Microscopy Sciences) (2004). He is \ncurrently a member of the European Microscopy Society (EMS), the Italian Society of the \nMicroscopy Sciences (SISM), and the Italian Metallurgy Association (AIM). He is the co\n-\nauthor of more than 170 journal papers, two-third of which published in peer-reviewed \n(ISI) international journals, and most of them as corresponding author (113 according to \nScopus, ISI. WoS).",institutionString:null,position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"National Research Council",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"949",title:"Solid Mechanics",slug:"solid-mechanics"}],chapters:[{id:"55117",title:"Ultrafine-Grained Materials Fabrication with High Pressure Torsion and Simulation of Plastic Deformation Inhomogeneous Characteristics",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.68360",slug:"ultrafine-grained-materials-fabrication-with-high-pressure-torsion-and-simulation-of-plastic-deforma",totalDownloads:1603,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Utilization of severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods has provided a convenient approach for producing ultrafine-grained (UFG) materials exhibiting outstanding characteristics especially mechanical properties. HPT as one of the SPD methods can lead both to smaller grains and to a higher fraction of high-angle grain boundaries, which is an especially attractive procedure by researchers. In order to understand the nonlinearities relationship between the mechanical properties and the developed strain during plastic deformation, local deformation analysis using the finite element methodwas applied for the HPT process. In this chapter, results are reported of an investigation on the deformed microstructure and mechanical properties of different materials samples during the HPT process using experiments and FEM simulations. Simulation results indicate that the disks show inhomogeneity development and distribution of strain and stress during the plastic deformation. Microstructure and hardness investigation results can give a well support to verify the rules of inhomogenous plastic deformation in the early stage of the HPT disks. Furthermore, the friction and anvil geometry play important roles in the homogeneity of the deformation. After the hollow cone high pressure torsion (HC-HPT), the thermal stability of Zr64.13Cu15.75Ni10.12Al10 BMGs is enhanced, while the elastic modulus of BMG will be decreased.",signatures:"Yuepeng Song, Wenke Wang, Miaomiao Chen, Jing Guo, Lingfeng\nXu, Dongsheng Gao and Hyoung Seop Kim",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/55117",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/55117",authors:[{id:"201882",title:"Prof.",name:"Yuepeng",surname:"Song",slug:"yuepeng-song",fullName:"Yuepeng Song"},{id:"205676",title:"Prof.",name:"Hyoungseop",surname:"Kim",slug:"hyoungseop-kim",fullName:"Hyoungseop Kim"}],corrections:null},{id:"55640",title:"Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Development in Ultrafine‐grained Materials Processed by Equal‐channel Angular Pressing",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.68965",slug:"mechanical-properties-and-microstructure-development-in-ultrafine-grained-materials-processed-by-equ",totalDownloads:1283,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:5,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"In this chapter, the detailed characterization of processes of grain fragmentation and refinement resulting from gradual imposition of strain by individual equal‐channel angular pressing (ECAP) passes is reported. A great emphasis is placed on the processing of materials with different crystal structure, particularly the face‐centred cubic (FCC), the body‐centred cubic (BCC) and the hexagonal close‐packed (HCP). Advanced techniques of electron microscopy, electron and X‐ray diffraction and positron annihilation spectroscopy have been employed to characterize microstructure, texture and defect evolution in the material as a function of strain imposed by ECAP. Microstructure development was correlated with mechanical properties obtained by both mechanical tests and microhardness measurements. Processes controlling the microstructure refinement and texture development were identified and discussed in detail.",signatures:"Peter Minárik, Tomáš Krajňák, Ondřej Srba, Jakub Čížek, Jenő\nGubicza, Milan Dopita, Radomír Kužel and Miloš Janeček",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/55640",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/55640",authors:[{id:"15744",title:"Dr.",name:"Milos",surname:"Janecek",slug:"milos-janecek",fullName:"Milos Janecek"},{id:"177104",title:"Dr.",name:"Petr",surname:"Minarik",slug:"petr-minarik",fullName:"Petr Minarik"},{id:"203189",title:"Dr.",name:"Tomáš",surname:"Krajňák",slug:"tomas-krajnak",fullName:"Tomáš Krajňák"},{id:"203190",title:"Prof.",name:"Jakub",surname:"Cizek",slug:"jakub-cizek",fullName:"Jakub Cizek"},{id:"203191",title:"Prof.",name:"Radomír",surname:"Kužel",slug:"radomir-kuzel",fullName:"Radomír Kužel"},{id:"203192",title:"Dr.",name:"Milan",surname:"Dopita",slug:"milan-dopita",fullName:"Milan Dopita"},{id:"203193",title:"Dr.",name:"Ondrej",surname:"Srba",slug:"ondrej-srba",fullName:"Ondrej Srba"},{id:"206167",title:"Dr.",name:"Jenő",surname:"Gubicza",slug:"jeno-gubicza",fullName:"Jenő Gubicza"}],corrections:null},{id:"55615",title:"Numerical and Experimental Study on Constrained Groove Pressing",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.68504",slug:"numerical-and-experimental-study-on-constrained-groove-pressing",totalDownloads:1309,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Constrained groove pressing (CGP) is a new severe plastic deformation method suitable for producing ultra-fine grained sheet metals. Based on Taguchi optimization method, the influence of processing parameters such as groove width, groove angle, friction coefficient and deformation rate on deformation homogeneity of constrained groove pressing (CGP) was studied numerically utilizing DEFORM-3D. A multi-pass CGP was carried out on 1060 commercially pure aluminium, copper and Ni sheets. Through a series of experimental research, the evolution of microstructure, tensile properties, forming load, and die parameters during the process was investigated.",signatures:"Yanjin Guan and Zongshen Wang",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/55615",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/55615",authors:[{id:"202317",title:"Prof.",name:"Yanjin",surname:"Guan",slug:"yanjin-guan",fullName:"Yanjin Guan"},{id:"203461",title:"Dr.",name:"Zongshen",surname:"Wang",slug:"zongshen-wang",fullName:"Zongshen Wang"}],corrections:null},{id:"55935",title:"High‐Pressure Torsion: Experiments and Modeling",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.69173",slug:"high-pressure-torsion-experiments-and-modeling",totalDownloads:1574,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:6,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:"The high‐pressure torsion (HPT) process has been the subject of many investigations as a new method of processing for nanostructured materials due to its ability to develop nanostructures with high‐angle grain boundaries. This chapter examines the various publications describing the experimental studies of the effect of HPT on the mechanical behaviors and alterations of microstructural features in applications to various pure and alloyed metals. Moreover, an overview of the modeling approaches developed through the last decade, considering the main advantages/limitations, is analyzed.",signatures:"Marina Borodachenkova, Wei Wen and António Manuel de Bastos\nPereira",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/55935",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/55935",authors:[{id:"201639",title:"Dr.",name:"Marina",surname:"Borodachenkova",slug:"marina-borodachenkova",fullName:"Marina Borodachenkova"},{id:"208006",title:"Dr.",name:"Wei",surname:"Wen",slug:"wei-wen",fullName:"Wei Wen"},{id:"211131",title:"Prof.",name:"António",surname:"Pereira",slug:"antonio-pereira",fullName:"António Pereira"}],corrections:null},{id:"55568",title:"Cu-Cr and Cu-Fe Alloys Processed by New Severe Plastic Deformation: Microstructure and Properties",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.68954",slug:"cu-cr-and-cu-fe-alloys-processed-by-new-severe-plastic-deformation-microstructure-and-properties",totalDownloads:1336,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"In this chapter, two techniques have been proposed for grain refinement in Cu‐Cr and Cu‐Fe alloys in different heat treatment conditions. First method, known as rolling with cyclic movement of rolls (RCMR), is appropriate for the manufacturing of ultrafine grained sheets and plates. The second method is called compression with oscillatory torsion (COT). Structural investigations of alloys were carried out, in particular, using a cold field emission gun/scanning electron microscope (FEG/SEM) equipped with an electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) detector and a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). Quantitative studies of the microstructure based on the STEM images were performed using the “MET‐ILO” software package. Mechanical properties were determined using an MST QTest/10 instrument equipped with digital image correlation (DIC). Based on the SEM and STEM observations, it has been shown that the alloys may exhibit a refinement of the ultra fine grained (UFG) structure in the 200–500 nm range with a mixture of low‐ and high‐angle boundaries. Although the microstructure was refined significantly, the heterogeneity of the microstructure after the application of a high total effective strain is observed. Moreover, the low‐angle boundaries formed at the early stages do not continuously transform into high‐angle boundaries.",signatures:"Kinga Rodak",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/55568",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/55568",authors:[{id:"98242",title:"Assistant Profesor",name:"Kinga",surname:"Rodak",slug:"kinga-rodak",fullName:"Kinga Rodak"}],corrections:null},{id:"56030",title:"Thermal Stability of Ultra-Fine Grained Microstructure in Mg and Ti Alloys",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.68956",slug:"thermal-stability-of-ultra-fine-grained-microstructure-in-mg-and-ti-alloys",totalDownloads:1332,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"This chapter reviews the thermal stability of ultra-fine grained (UFG) microstructure in selected magnesium and titanium-based materials prepared by severe plastic deformation (SPD). The focus is on the wide palette of experimental methods applicable for investigation of microstructural stability. These methods include scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), microhardness measurement, positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS), and electrical resistance measurement. Microstructural stability of UFG commercially pure (CP) Ti and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy produced by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) is studied ex situ after annealing by SEM, by microhardness measurements, and in situ during heating, by high precision electrical resistance measurements. Both materials show stable UFG structure up to 440°C. Further annealing causes recovery and recrystallization of the microstructure. At 650°C, the microstructure is completely recrystallized. Magnesium alloy AZ31 is prepared by hot extrusion followed by ECAP. UFG microstructure recovers and continuously recrystallizes during annealing. The microstructure of UFG AZ31 alloy is stable up to 170°C and subsequent grain growth is analyzed. Special attention is paid to interpret the activation energy of the grain growth. The superplastic properties of UFG AZ31 alloy are investigated in the temperature range of 170–250°C.",signatures:"Jitka Stráská, Pavel Zháňal, Kristína Václavová, Josef Stráský, Petr\nHarcuba, Jakub Čížek and Miloš Janeček",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/56030",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/56030",authors:[{id:"15744",title:"Dr.",name:"Milos",surname:"Janecek",slug:"milos-janecek",fullName:"Milos Janecek"},{id:"203190",title:"Prof.",name:"Jakub",surname:"Cizek",slug:"jakub-cizek",fullName:"Jakub Cizek"},{id:"177102",title:"Dr.",name:"Jitka",surname:"Stráská",slug:"jitka-straska",fullName:"Jitka Stráská"},{id:"177103",title:"Dr.",name:"Josef",surname:"Strasky",slug:"josef-strasky",fullName:"Josef Strasky"},{id:"206169",title:"MSc.",name:"Pavel",surname:"Zháňal",slug:"pavel-zhanal",fullName:"Pavel Zháňal"},{id:"206170",title:"MSc.",name:"Kristína",surname:"Václavová",slug:"kristina-vaclavova",fullName:"Kristína Václavová"},{id:"206171",title:"Dr.",name:"Petr",surname:"Harcuba",slug:"petr-harcuba",fullName:"Petr Harcuba"}],corrections:null},{id:"55091",title:"New Combined Technology of Deformation “Rolling-Equal Channel Angular Pressing”, Allowing to Obtain Metals and Alloys with Sub-Ultra-fine-Grained Structure",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.68663",slug:"new-combined-technology-of-deformation-rolling-equal-channel-angular-pressing-allowing-to-obtain-met",totalDownloads:1166,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:5,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"In this chapter, results of theoretical and laboratory research of combined process “rolling-pressing” using equal-channel step matrix are described. In theoretical studies, the empirical dependences for determining forces of rolling, extrusion, and back pressure in the matrix have been obtained. A program was compiled for finding the optimal value of the angle of intersection of channels in the matrix. In the study of kinematic parameters of the process were obtained formulas for determining diameters of the rolls, the values of which would provide the best capture angle of the workpiece. During computer simulation, the parameters of stress-strain state, temperature distribution, and the influence of the tilting of the workpiece on the process parameters were studied. In the laboratory experiment, the effect of the new combined deformation process “rolling-pressing” on the evolution of microstructure of copper was studied.",signatures:"Abdrakhman Naizabekov, Sergey Lezhnev, Evgeniy Panin and Irina\nVolokitina",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/55091",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/55091",authors:[{id:"203368",title:"Prof.",name:"Abdrakhman",surname:"Naizabekov",slug:"abdrakhman-naizabekov",fullName:"Abdrakhman Naizabekov"},{id:"203372",title:"Mr.",name:"Sergey",surname:"Lezhnev",slug:"sergey-lezhnev",fullName:"Sergey Lezhnev"},{id:"203373",title:"MSc.",name:"Evgeniy",surname:"Panin",slug:"evgeniy-panin",fullName:"Evgeniy Panin"},{id:"203374",title:"MSc.",name:"Irina",surname:"Volokitina",slug:"irina-volokitina",fullName:"Irina Volokitina"}],corrections:null},{id:"56456",title:"Innovative Applications of Ultrafine-Grained Materials",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.69503",slug:"innovative-applications-of-ultrafine-grained-materials",totalDownloads:1806,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"This chapter focuses on multifunctional properties of ultrafine-grained (UFG) metallic materials processed by severe plastic deformation (SPD), such as enhanced mechanical properties, excellent superplasticity, and wear resistance. Based on these multifunctional properties, the potential innovative application for UFG materials processed by SPD is introduced in the next section, including innovative application in micro-forming, nanoimplants, electro-connections, and sport engineering.",signatures:"Jie Xu, Bin Guo and Debin Shan",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/56456",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/56456",authors:[{id:"202981",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Jie",surname:"Xu",slug:"jie-xu",fullName:"Jie Xu"},{id:"202990",title:"Prof.",name:"Bin",surname:"Guo",slug:"bin-guo",fullName:"Bin Guo"},{id:"202991",title:"Prof.",name:"Debin",surname:"Shan",slug:"debin-shan",fullName:"Debin Shan"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},subseries:null,tags:null},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"2800",title:"Nanoindentation in Materials Science",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bf2cff0c009d78d80db94161ef08c8ca",slug:"nanoindentation-in-materials-science",bookSignature:"Jiri Nemecek",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2800.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"136403",title:"Dr.",name:"Jiri",surname:"Nemecek",slug:"jiri-nemecek",fullName:"Jiri Nemecek"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1380",title:"Corrosion Resistance",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"07e772d5bde6effcc31982a3f4fc0038",slug:"corrosion-resistance",bookSignature:"Hong Shih",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1380.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"89658",title:"Dr",name:null,surname:"Shih",slug:"shih",fullName:"Shih"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1379",title:"Recent Researches in Corrosion Evaluation and Protection",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"391f1fb716c1a300e76e61f387901dc9",slug:"recent-researches-in-corrosion-evaluation-and-protection",bookSignature:"Reza Shoja Razavi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1379.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"31536",title:"Prof.",name:"Reza",surname:"Shoja Razavi",slug:"reza-shoja-razavi",fullName:"Reza Shoja Razavi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5474",title:"Study of Grain Boundary Character",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"591ee927a4e438667ce39c8251cdacfa",slug:"study-of-grain-boundary-character",bookSignature:"Tomasz Tanski and Wojciech Borek",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5474.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"15700",title:"Prof.",name:"Tomasz Arkadiusz",surname:"Tański",slug:"tomasz-arkadiusz-tanski",fullName:"Tomasz Arkadiusz Tański"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6234",title:"Contact and Fracture Mechanics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2625b0c2edba9239b4f1b07e20fb8d70",slug:"contact-and-fracture-mechanics",bookSignature:"Pranav H. 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\r\n\tConvincible, the developing corporate sustainability has contemplated corporate social responsibility as a backbone of the organization's survival. Undoubtedly, it is a broad concept that makes companies integrate social and environmental concerns into firms' strategies. Over the years, CSR has significantly contributed towards improving business reputation, financial performance, operational efficiency, and sustainability. The growing significance of CSR has compelled the business to adapt to CSR measures for escalating the firms' development. Hence, broad questions need to take into consideration for comprehending CSR in detail. The CSR measures potentially benefit both the organization and society. Indeed, the effect of corporate social responsibility essentially needs to be determined for achieving significant benefits (e.g., profitability, growth, sustainability).
\r\n\r\n\tThe objective of this book is to set up relevant theoretical literature for highlighting the latest research findings. It gives a profound understanding of corporate social and ethical practices, influencing the firms' output. The book highlights the novel firms' practices while providing a modernized view of the research topic (i.e., corporate social responsibility).
\r\n\tNotably, the book encourages academic scholars and researchers to contribute to the modern concepts of CSR. Fundamentally, it speaks for well-developed literature for entrepreneurs and managers, thus assisting them in the decision-making process.
\r\n\tFurthermore, this book is of great value to policymakers, practitioners, and corporations, thus contributing to various disciplines (e.g., social science and management).
\r\n\tThese proposed themes encourage future researchers and professionals to share their ideas, concepts and work concerning these subject domains. All these suggested topics had recommended under the rubrics of CSR. Perhaps, all the professionals, researchers, and scholars are welcome to submit their piece of work, in particular to the suggested topics.
\r\n\tIndeed, the recommended topics include the following but are not limited to these only.
\r\n\t• Corporate Governance and Sustainability
\r\n\t• Green Innovation and CSR
\r\n\t• Social Entrepreneurship
\r\n\t• Green Economy and Social and Environmental Sustainability
\r\n\t• Sustainable Development and Industrialization
Random effects models have been widely used as a powerful tool for analyzing correlated data [1, 2]. The model features a finite number of random terms acting as latent variables to model unobserved factors; see [3] for a comprehensive review. Some authors have further proposed semiparametric mixed effect models by allowing for infinite dimensional random effects [4, 5]. Most of the aforementioned works draw inferences using frequentist approaches, while Bayesian approaches have been largely ignored because of the lack of computational feasibility and expediency. With the advent of the “supercomputer” era, Bayesian analyses have recently sparked much interest in the setting of random effects models for clustered data or longitudinal settings. However, there is scarce literature that has systematically reviewed the Bayesian works in the area.
\nBy extending the traditional random effects models, recent research focus has shifted to study heterogeneous random effects or nonparametric distributions of random effects, which arise because of skewness of data, missing covariates, or unmeasurable subject-specific covariates [6]. The extended random effects models, termed semiparametric random effects models, improve statistical performance with added interpretability. Bayesian techniques, which provide a convenient means to model non-Gaussian distributions, have recently been proposed for semiparametric random effects model in a variety of settings ([7, 8], among others). The discreteness of the Dirichlet process makes it impossible as a prior for estimating a density. However, as a remedy by convolving with a kernel, Dirichlet process mixture plays an important role [9].
\nFor censored outcome data, transformation models, which transform the time-to-event responses using a monotone function and link them to the covariates of interest, have surged as a strong competitor of the Cox model [10]. Moreover, the transformation model framework is fairly general. The Cox model and the proportional odd model [11] can be viewed as nonparametric transformation linear models with some specific error terms; see [12, 13, 14]. For correlated data, the transformation model naturally extends the semiparametric random effects model by directly incorporating random effects to the transformation functions, treating them as realizations of an underlying random function. Bayesian analyses have found much use in this new area. For example, the beta process has been found to be a reasonable candidate for the prior of the monotone transformation function [15, 16, 17].
\nThis chapter focuses on the Bayesian analysis of the transformed linear model with censored data and in a clustered setting. In many biomedical studies, the observations are naturally clustered. For example, patients in observational studies can be grouped in analysis according to a variety of factors, such as age, race, gender, and hospital, in order to reduce the confounding effects. Following Mallick and Walker [18], we explore using a mixture of beta distributions and the beta process as the candidates for the prior distribution of the random transformation function [17, 19, 20].
\nThe rest of this chapter is structured as follows. Section 2 reviews the use of the Bayesian approach to infer parametric random effects models. In the setting of survival analysis, Section 3 proposes a beta process prior to fit random effects model with nonparametric transformation functions, and Section 4 applies the method to study the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Section 5 concludes the chapter with future research directions.
\nIn parametric random effects models, we considered the situation that the distribution form of the random error term is unknown. Dirichlet process mixture (DPM) is used as the prior for the baseline distribution in that error terms used to be continuous random variables in most situations.
\nWith a longitudinal data set \n
where \n
where \n
Replacing the Dirichlet process by an equivalent Pólya urn representation, [8] employed an empirical likelihood approach with the moment constraints and developed a posterior adjusted Gibbs sampler for more precise estimation. The algorithm is computationally feasible.
\nWe shift gears to study survival outcomes with a cluster structure. Denote the data set by \n
where \n
where \n
We now present a nonparametric random effects model for the clustered survival data with nonparametric monotone link functions. We employ a beta process as the prior for the baseline function.
\nLet \n
Within each cluster, \n
where \n
To proceed, let the coefficient vector \n
where
\nHere \n
We develop a Bayesian inference procedure based on model (6). We assume that the regression coefficient \n
where \n
where \n
with \n
We are in a position to select an appropriate stochastic process used as the prior of \n
Teh et al. [20] showed that a sample from \n
where \n
In practice, we need to approximate samples of \n
with \n
The approximated posterior based on the truncated DP is
\nwhere
\nThe samples for \n
Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is a multisite cooperative study for the purpose of improving the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. The subjects in the study fall into three groups, cognitively normal (CN) individuals, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and early AD patients. ADNI provides a rich array of patients’ information, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), longitudinal functional cognitive tests scores, blood samples, genetics data, and censored failure time outcomes. Details of the study can be found at http://adni.loni.usc.edu.
\nWe focus on the MCI group. MCI is recognized as a transitional stage between normal cognition and Alzheimer’s disease. The failure time is defined to be the time that a MCI patient is diagnosed with AD, which will be censored if a MCI patient remains at the MCI stage at the end of the follow-up time. Wide heterogeneities are exhibited among the failure times, which may be due to demographics and a variety of functional clinical biomarkers, such as the brain areas of the hippocampus, ventricles, and entorhinal cortex. The goal of the analysis is to study the impact of risk factors on progression to AD.
\nUsing the same data as analyzed by [14], we demonstrate our methodology by modeling the failure time (the observed time of AD diagnosis from MCI stage in year) of 281 MCI patients on gender (0 = female, 1 = male), years of education, the number of apolipoprotein E alleles (0, 1, or 2), and the baseline hippocampal volume.
\nAs age is a strong confounder but the functional form of its impact has not reached consensus, we elect to model its impact nonparametrically. Specifically, we use age to form two strata (below and above the median age) and use model (6) to estimate the stratum-specific transformation functions and the effects of other covariates. For comparisons, we also fit model (6) with age as a continuous variable and with a common transformation function. That is, we do not assume the data are clustered. For both models, the regression errors \n
\n\nFigure 1\n illustrates the estimated transformation function \n
Smoothed transformation function without clustering.
\n | RID | \nAGE | \nPTGENDER | \nPTEDUCAT | \nAPOE4 | \nHipp. | \n
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PM | \n−0.9635 | \n0.0069 | \n−0.1453 | \n−0.0231 | \n−0.1817 | \n0.2710 | \n
SE | \n1.3288 | \n0.0841 | \n1.2331 | \n0.1835 | \n0.8616 | \n0.5333 | \n
Posterior estimates of regression coefficients with standard errors.
\n\nFigure 2\n illustrates the estimated transformation functions with age-stratified data, and \nTable 2\n summarizes the posterior means and standard errors of the other regression coefficients.
\nSmoothed transformation functions with two age-strata: The left curve is the smoothed transformation function for group aged below the average age; the right curve is the smoothed transformation function for the group aged over the average age.
\n | RID | \nPTGENDER | \nPTEDUCAT | \nAPOE4 | \nHipp. | \n
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PM | \n−0.6399 | \n−0.0706 | \n−0.0072 | \n−0.1349 | \n0.1919 | \n
SE | \n0.9273 | \n0.8491 | \n0.1267 | \n0.6098 | \n0.3716 | \n
Posterior estimators of regression coefficients with standard errors.
The left curve is relatively flat, while the right curve has a sharper slope. This is consistent with the recognition that AD is an aging disease: elder people above a certain age threshold tend to progress faster from MCI to AD.
\nBoth \nTables 1\n and \n2\n show that none of the biomarkers are significant, whereas they are statistically significant in the analysis of [14]. One possible conjecture is that our nonparametric transformation functions may have well captured the effects of unobserved confounders, which may leave little to be explained by the observed covariates. More thorough investigation is warranted.
\nFollowing [12], we can extend the transformation model (6) by allowing the error function \n
where \n
In a slightly different context, we may also consider clustering observations by developing a new nested beta-Dirichlet process prior with companion MCMC algorithms. As there are limited works on functional random effects models that accommodate clustering structures observed, for example, from neural studies, we may propose a nested Dirichlet process [19] as the prior of Dirichlet process to cluster cumulative distribution functions successfully. We envision that such a nested Bayesian procedure will provide substantial computational expedience for practitioners and can certainly be applied to studies that cover beyond the neurodegenerative and aging diseases.
\nShen’s research is partially supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation 1192006 and National Natural Science Foundation of China; Liu’s research is partially supported by General Research Fund, Research Grants Council, Hong Kong, 15327216, and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University grant YBTR. Data collection and sharing for this project were funded by the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (National Institutes of Health Grant U01 AG024904) and DOD ADNI (Department of Defense award number W81XWH-12-2-0012). ADNI is funded by the National Institute on Aging, the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, and through generous contributions from the following: AbbVie, Alzheimer’s Association; Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation; Araclon Biotech; BioClinica, Inc.; Biogen; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; CereSpir, Inc.; Cogstate; Eisai Inc.; Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Eli Lilly and Company; EuroImmun; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd and its affiliated company Genentech, Inc.; Fujirebio; GE Healthcare; IXICO Ltd.; Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Research Development, LLC.; Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Development LLC.; Lumosity; Lundbeck; Merck Co., Inc.; Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC.; NeuroRx Research; Neurotrack Technologies; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Pfizer Inc.; Piramal Imaging; Servier; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company; and Transition Therapeutics. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research is providing funds to support ADNI clinical sites in Canada. Private sector contributions are facilitated by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (www.fnih.org). The grantee organization is the Northern California Institute for Research and Education, and the study is coordinated by the Alzheimer’s Therapeutic Research Institute at the University of Southern California. ADNI data are disseminated by the Laboratory for Neuro Imaging at the University of Southern California.
\nData used in preparation of this article were obtained from the Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database (adni.loni.usc.edu). As such, the investigators within the ADNI contributed to the design and implementation of ADNI and/or provided data but did not participate in analysis or writing of this report. A complete listing of ADNI investigators can be found at: http://adni.loni.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/how_to_apply/ADNI_Acknowledgement_List.pdf.
\nA wound is a mechanical injury to the body leading to disruption of the normal anatomical structure and function. It can be classified into acute and chronic wounds. Acute wounds normally proceed through the reparative process in an orderly and timely manner to restore anatomical and functional integrity. Conversely, wounds that demonstrate signs of delayed and interrupted healing and fail to go through the normal healing process are termed chronic wounds [1, 2, 3].
Wound healing reflects a cascade of complex, highly regulated biological events to restore the body’s anatomical function back to its pre-injured state. Unlike acute wounds that heal by primary intention where the edges of the wound are apposed and held together with minimal scarring, chronic wounds heal by secondary intention [4, 5]; they form granulation tissue which fills the wound defects.
Wound management involves providing an optimum environment to promote healing, control bleeding and prevent infection. The history of wound care traces its origin to the Sumerians, a civilisation believed to be older than 2,000 BC [6]. In their manuscript, three healing gestures – cleansing the wounds, making the plasters and bandaging the wounds – were identified [7].
The ancient Egyptians and Greeks also contributed to the evolution of wound management. The Egyptian medical papyri documented the principle of wound closure to aid healing and the utilisation of honey, grease and lint as the main constituents of the most common plaster. It was believed that lint, a derivative of vegetable fibre, serves an absorbent role; grease or animal fat forms a barrier against bacteria; and honey, the most frequently cited ingredient in multiple topical wound preparations, possesses various healing and antibacterial properties favourable for wound healing [8, 9].
Interestingly, the Greeks were the first to recognise the difference between infected and uninfected wounds, using terms such as “fresh” or “non-healing” to describe wounds [10, 11]. Galen of Pergamum (120–201 AD) is a Greek surgeon who made remarkable contributions to wound and haemorrhage management. He emphasised the maintenance of wound moisture and the application of styptics consisting of basic elements with antibiotic properties for optimum wound healing [12, 13]. Despite advances in modern technology, Galen’s basic principles are still incorporated into the development of current wound dressings.
Additionally, the Hippocratic collection discussed the addition of wine to obstinate ulcer for maximal wound healing [13]. Indeed, in ancient times, a number of magical and mythological agents were utilised as wound dressings; they include honey, plaster, wine and milk. While some of them demonstrate significant pharmacological roles, others merely have ritualistic meanings [13].
In the modern era, a wide array of dressings and wound care products with their properties tailored to special wound care needs were invented. In fact, Winter’s study [10, 11, 12, 13], which concluded that moisturised wounds heal quicker than dry wounds, sparked an explosive burst in the evolution of wound dressings. Thanks to modern technology, novel techniques such as the adoption of growth factors, bioengineered tissue, negative pressure therapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy are nowadays implemented in wound management. Nonetheless, none of the existing modalities can claim to be the holy grail of wound management.
Alongside the cosmetic advancement in the past decades, skin grafting – a source of epithelium for both acute and chronic wounds – has become increasingly prevalent [14, 15]. However, quite surprisingly, skin grafting is not a new concept; for the past 3500 years, it has been extensively practised by a string of renowned physicians. These include Aulus Cornelius Celsus (25 BC - 50 AD), the Roman author of the first systematic treatise on Medicine; Claudius Gelenus (129 AD - 210 AD) popularly known as Galen, a prominent Greek physician; Jaques-Louis Reverdin (1842–1929), the Swiss surgeon who performed the first “fresh skin” allograft; and George David Pollock (1817–1897), a British surgeon known as a pioneer of skin grafts [16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24]. Throughout the years, the roles and functions of skin grafting have expanded. Nowadays, skin graft is an indispensable therapy in burn reconstruction, major traumatic injuries and surgical defects [25, 26]. Nonetheless, it still suffers from major drawbacks such as compromised skin grafts, skin graft rejection and skin graft contractions particularly in elderly patients, immunocompromised individuals and those on immunosuppressant medications [27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35].
Meanwhile, TIME – a concept that stands for Tissue, Infection or Inflammation, Moisture, and Epithelial edge advancement – is a new framework of wound bed preparation initiated by Schultz and his team in 2003 to achieve optimal wound healing [36, 37]. As the freshwater fish
The phases of wound healing is a continuum that encompasses homeostasis, inflammatory, proliferative and maturation phases under stringent regulation of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines [38]. Admittedly, the various phases of the wound healing process can overlap and go awry anytime. The inflammatory phase is the shortest of all phases and, if arrested, wound healing will be delayed and fibrosed tissue may be formed. Meanwhile, in the proliferative phase, the wound is shrunken in size until the maturation phase. Despite the surface of the wounds being closed completely, full tensile strength might take up to twelve months to develop [3, 4, 38, 39, 40]. Table 1 below describes the different stages, mechanisms and molecules at interplay during the wound healing process.
Stages | Mechanism | Main molecules |
---|---|---|
Homeostasis |
|
|
Inflammatory |
|
|
Proliferative |
|
|
Maturation |
|
|
Unfortunately, despite the enormous efforts made in skin repair, a wound can never achieve the maximum tensile strength of a normal skin. Additionally, owing to its tight regulation by a multitude of factors, proper wound healing can be easily impeded. Indeed, chronic non-healing wounds are a common phenomenon. Figure 1 describes both the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that affect wound healing.
Factors that affect wound healing.
Wild
Pairs breed during most months of the year, laying hundreds of amber-coloured eggs. The eggs, guarded by both parents, are non-adhesive and they hatch within one to three days. The adults have compact muscles and a less bony structure which give them the desirable characteristics of a predatory fish [43]. Besides, they are highly aggressive predators with the ability to travel overland to exploit new bodies of water [42]. Figure 3 describes the characteristics of
Obligate air-breathing species
Cavernous freshwater fish
Common habitats: small ditches, ponds, rivers, lakes, rice fields
Ideal water temperature for survival: around 20–30°C
Depth of water: below two meters
pH of habitat: 4.30 to 7.90
Summary of the characteristics of
However, compared to other species such as
In Malaysia,
Additionally,
Thanks to the Chinese and Malay communities,
Different cooking methods of
The principal author of this chapter worked collaboratively with the School of Pharmacy, Universiti Sains Malaysia, to process
Preparation of
Interestingly,
Exposed to an aquatic environment full of microbiota, fish usually develop their own immunity to safeguard against pathogens [81, 82, 83]. As a front-liner and paramount component of the innate immune system, fish mucus possesses a broad array of proteins and enzymes such as lysozyme, immunoglobulin, complement proteins, lectins and proteolytic enzymes that can phagocytose and digest microorganisms [84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90]. Furthermore, it constantly secretes and sloughs off the skin to avoid adherence and prolonged colonisation by parasites [84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89]. Hence, fish skin mucus is regarded as a potential antibacterial therapeutic agent [91, 92]. The multiple roles of
Roles of the fish mucus [
In recent years, extensive work has been conducted to analyse the antibacterial effects of the mucus of fish species [93, 94, 95, 96, 97], including the
Pain can have a deleterious impact on wound healing [108, 109]. Coupled with chronic inflammation, prolonged pain can trigger a vicious cycle that hinders wound healing [110]. Fortunately, appropriate wound dressings with sufficient pain control can enormously improve wound healing outcomes, with accelerated wound healing and, consequently, a shorter hospital stay [111].
The antinociceptive effects of
Freshwater fish constitute 60–70% of the animal protein intake in Malaysia [116]. Previous studies demonstrated that
It is therefore no surprise that the collagen content in
Wound healing effects of collagen [
According to the researchers [128] who performed proteomic profiling of
Functions of actin, myosin, and tropomyosin in wound healing [
To the best of our knowledge, only two clinical trials have reported the effects of
One study [57] was conducted by the principal author of this chapter. The researchers performed a double-blinded, randomised, controlled trial in 2018 at the National Heart Institute to look at the effects of
Meanwhile, a similar study [58] conducted by Wahab
Skin grafting is the transfer of cutaneous tissue to cover large wounds. It can take two forms: split skin grafting, which involves the epidermis and a portion of the dermis, and full-thickness skin grafting which involves the epidermis and the entire dermis [139]. While deliberating on the pros and cons of split skin grafting as compared to full thickness skin grafting is beyond the scope of this paper, it is noteworthy that a split skin graft does not have its own blood supply; it relies on the wound bed. This is where
The main challenge to ensure that
When the wound bed is well prepared, skin grafts will normally go through three different stages as follows:
Imbibition: Oxygen and nutrients from the wound bed are passively absorbed by the skin graft [142].
Inosculation: A vascular connection is established between the cut vessels on the underside of the skin graft and the wound bed [143].
Revascularisation: Neoangiogenesis or new blood vessels grow into the graft from the wound bed [144].
After undergoing these stages, the skin grafts will usually need another five to seven days to adhere to the wound bed followed by the process of maturation that could last from several months to years; this includes pigmentation changes, softening and flattening [139]. As described earlier,
Having discussed at length regarding the recipient site, we should also look at whether
Apart from its aforementioned desirable features,
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterised by synovial inflammation and articular cartilage degradation that leads to chronic pain and inflammation [150, 151]. In osteoarthritis, a wide variety of inflammatory mediators are secreted and activated [140]. After several previous studies which demonstrated the anti-inflammatory capabilities of
Other functions of
Hong
It is still inconclusive which particular biomolecules play a role in the wound healing property. However, with the advancement of technology especially in the field of proteomics, we have managed to conduct a more comprehensive protein profiling [175, 176]. Although proteomics helps us to understand the interactions between the proteins in the fish and the wound, the previous protein profiling [177] were not as accurate as the new one due to the lower sensitivity of the old equipment. Conversely, the current work using Gel Elution Liquid Fractionation Entrapment Electrophoresis (GELFREE) system can maximise protein profiling [127]. The researchers at the Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre of the Universiti Sains Malaysia [127, 128] also looked at the post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins which might be involved in the wound healing process to complement the protein profiling results. PTMs, as the name suggests, occurs following the translation of amino acids in the later part of the protein biosynthesis. They play an important role in protein regulation and are also involved in the regulation of a number of physiological functions. This helps us to appreciate how the consumption of
It is a known fact that structural proteins such as actin, myosin and tropomyosin are vital in the formation of muscle tissue within an organism. From the protein profiling, it was shown that 37% of all the proteins detected in the fish meat are structural proteins which play a specific role in enhancing wound healing. For example, actin gives rise to the formation of myofibroblasts which differentiated from fibroblasts containing bundles of actin microfilaments with contractile proteins such as non-muscle myosin [178, 179, 180]. On the one hand, both fibroblasts and myofibroblasts regulate traction force and coordinate contraction during wound closure [181]. On the other hand, tropomyosin, has been reported to regulate cell migration, particularly fibroblast and myofibroblasts [182]. This results in the promotion of rapid wound healing whenever tropomyosin is manipulated in the wound area [183, 184]. Hence, the abundant presence of structural proteins in the fish meat could be a key reason why it helps in the wound healing process.
Apart from structural proteins,
Collagen, which is essential for wound healing, is also present in the
Results from the proteomic study [127] also show that
Proteomic profiling also revealed that more than 50% of the total proteins detected in
As a wound cosmetic enhancer as well as an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agent,
The authors would like to express their gratitude to Nageeb Gounjaria for proofreading and editing the manuscript.
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These biomaterials can be served as scaffold for bone regeneration with adequate mechanical properties to restore bone defects and facilitate healing process by regeneration of soft tissues as well. This chapter encompasses the use of bioactive glass in bulk and mesoporous form with doped therapeutic ions, their role in bone tissue regeneration, use as delivery of growth factors as well as coating material for orthopaedic implants.",book:{id:"5164",slug:"advanced-techniques-in-bone-regeneration",title:"Advanced Techniques in Bone Regeneration",fullTitle:"Advanced Techniques in Bone Regeneration"},signatures:"Samit Kumar Nandi, Arnab Mahato, Biswanath Kundu and Prasenjit\nMukherjee",authors:[{id:"60514",title:"Dr.",name:"Samit",middleName:null,surname:"Nandi",slug:"samit-nandi",fullName:"Samit Nandi"}]},{id:"26863",doi:"10.5772/26362",title:"The Bearing Surfaces in Total Hip Arthroplasty – Options, Material Characteristics and Selection",slug:"the-bearing-surfaces-in-total-hip-arthroplasty-options-material-characteristics-and-selection",totalDownloads:9436,totalCrossrefCites:10,totalDimensionsCites:21,abstract:null,book:{id:"938",slug:"recent-advances-in-arthroplasty",title:"Recent Advances in Arthroplasty",fullTitle:"Recent Advances in Arthroplasty"},signatures:"Hamid Reza Seyyed Hosseinzadeh, Alireza Eajazi and Ali Sina Shahi",authors:[{id:"66361",title:"Dr.",name:"Alireza",middleName:null,surname:"Eajazi",slug:"alireza-eajazi",fullName:"Alireza Eajazi"},{id:"74857",title:"Dr.",name:"Hamid Reza",middleName:null,surname:"Seyyed Hosseinzadeh",slug:"hamid-reza-seyyed-hosseinzadeh",fullName:"Hamid Reza Seyyed Hosseinzadeh"},{id:"173207",title:"Dr.",name:"Alisina",middleName:null,surname:"Shahi",slug:"alisina-shahi",fullName:"Alisina Shahi"}]},{id:"50276",doi:"10.5772/62523",title:"Regenerative Medicine: A New Paradigm in Bone Regeneration",slug:"regenerative-medicine-a-new-paradigm-in-bone-regeneration",totalDownloads:3347,totalCrossrefCites:10,totalDimensionsCites:19,abstract:"Bone defects are the cause of functional disability and the restoration of skeletal function remains an important challenge on orthopedics, neurosurgery and oral and maxillofacial surgery. Because of the limitations of the currently used techniques for the reconstruction of bone defects and the difficulties for the implementation of new therapeutic strategies, a new paradigm in the field of reconstructive surgery has arisen, leading to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have emerged as a promising alternative for the treatment of bone lesions. It was postulated that the therapeutic action was the result of proliferation and differentiation of MSCs, replacing injured tissue. However, recent studies have shown that MSCs secrete a number of trophic factors that have a strong effect during repair and tissue regeneration. This represents a shift from a paradigm centered on MSC proliferation and differentiation to a new paradigm in which the MSCs exert their beneficial effect by the secretion of paracrine factors that induce endogenous repair mechanisms. This chapter will bring together basic and clinical aspects, focused on novel findings on MSC paracrine effect and the development of new therapeutic strategies based on growth factors, cytokines and signaling molecules involved in bone regeneration.",book:{id:"5164",slug:"advanced-techniques-in-bone-regeneration",title:"Advanced Techniques in Bone Regeneration",fullTitle:"Advanced Techniques in Bone Regeneration"},signatures:"Orlando Chaparro and Itali Linero",authors:[{id:"179436",title:"Dr.",name:"Orlando",middleName:null,surname:"Chaparro",slug:"orlando-chaparro",fullName:"Orlando Chaparro"},{id:"180151",title:"Dr.",name:"Itali",middleName:null,surname:"Linero",slug:"itali-linero",fullName:"Itali Linero"}]},{id:"42805",doi:"10.5772/53245",title:"Predictors of Pain and Function Following Total Joint Replacement",slug:"predictors-of-pain-and-function-following-total-joint-replacement",totalDownloads:3092,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:16,abstract:null,book:{id:"3394",slug:"arthroplasty-update",title:"Arthroplasty",fullTitle:"Arthroplasty - Update"},signatures:"Michelle M. Dowsey and Peter F. M. Choong",authors:[{id:"80820",title:"Prof.",name:"Peter",middleName:null,surname:"Choong",slug:"peter-choong",fullName:"Peter Choong"},{id:"82173",title:"Dr.",name:"Michelle",middleName:"Maree",surname:"Dowsey",slug:"michelle-dowsey",fullName:"Michelle Dowsey"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"55812",title:"Postural Restoration: A Tri-Planar Asymmetrical Framework for Understanding, Assessing, and Treating Scoliosis and Other Spinal Dysfunctions",slug:"postural-restoration-a-tri-planar-asymmetrical-framework-for-understanding-assessing-and-treating-sc",totalDownloads:7590,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"Current medical practice does not recognize the influence of innate, physiological, human asymmetry on scoliosis and other postural disorders. Interventions meant to correct these conditions are commonly based on symmetrical models of appearance and do not take into account asymmetric organ weight distribution, asymmetries of respiratory mechanics, and dominant movement patterns that are reinforced in daily functional activities. A model of innate, human asymmetry derived from the theoretical framework of the Postural Restoration Institute® (PRI) explicitly describes the physiological, biomechanical, and respiratory components of human asymmetry. This model is important because it gives an accurate baseline for understanding predisposing factors for the development of postural disorders, which, without intervention, will likely progress to structural dysfunction. Clinical tests to evaluate tri-planar musculoskeletal relationships and function, developed by PRI, are based on this asymmetric model. These tests are valuable for assessing patient’s status in the context of human asymmetry and in guiding appropriate exercise prescription and progression. Balancing musculoskeletal asymmetry is the aim of PRI treatment. Restoration of relative balance decreases pain, restores improved alignment, and strengthens appropriate muscle function. It can also halt the progression of dysfunction and improve respiration, quality of life, and appearance. PRI’s extensive body of targeted exercise progressions are highly effective due to their basis in the tri-planar asymmetric human model.",book:{id:"5816",slug:"innovations-in-spinal-deformities-and-postural-disorders",title:"Innovations in Spinal Deformities and Postural Disorders",fullTitle:"Innovations in Spinal Deformities and Postural Disorders"},signatures:"Susan Henning, Lisa C. Mangino and Jean Massé",authors:[{id:"204825",title:"Dr.",name:"Susan",middleName:null,surname:"Henning",slug:"susan-henning",fullName:"Susan Henning"},{id:"206242",title:"Dr.",name:"Lisa C",middleName:null,surname:"Mangino",slug:"lisa-c-mangino",fullName:"Lisa C Mangino"},{id:"206245",title:"Dr.",name:"Jean",middleName:null,surname:"Massé",slug:"jean-masse",fullName:"Jean Massé"}]},{id:"62871",title:"Successful Knee Arthroscopy: Techniques",slug:"successful-knee-arthroscopy-techniques",totalDownloads:1648,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:"Knee arthroscopy is one of the most common arthroscopic procedures required of an orthopedic surgeon. A successful case hinges primarily on adequate pre-operative planning, proper intra-operative set-up and thoughtful portal placement. This chapter will discuss in detail the necessary ingredients of a smooth and successful knee arthroscopy case. Advanced techniques to deal with intra-operative difficulties will be presented. Though uncommon, complications arising from knee arthroscopy will be presented and their management techniques described. Common procedures will be discussed, including simple knee arthroscopic debridement, arthroscopic cartilage reconstruction, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and meniscus repair. Surgical steps for a safe and smooth case will be presented.",book:{id:"6755",slug:"recent-advances-in-arthroscopic-surgery",title:"Recent Advances in Arthroscopic Surgery",fullTitle:"Recent Advances in Arthroscopic Surgery"},signatures:"Chia-Liang Ang",authors:[{id:"218149",title:"Dr.",name:"Chia Liang",middleName:null,surname:"Ang",slug:"chia-liang-ang",fullName:"Chia Liang Ang"}]},{id:"54481",title:"Pelvic Osteotomies for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip",slug:"pelvic-osteotomies-for-developmental-dysplasia-of-the-hip",totalDownloads:2576,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:4,abstract:"Treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is based on concentric reducibility of the femoral head, patient age and the status of triradiate cartilage. Patients in walking age are indicated for pelvic osteotomy to correct the dysplastic acetabulum. Salter innominate osteotomy and Pemberton osteotomy are the most widely used procedures to treat the developmental dysplasia of the hip in early childhood. Although short-term results of the pelvic osteotomies are reported well, some long-term sequalae such as coxa valga caused by Kalamchi type II osteonecrosis of the femoral head, leg length discrepancy and impingement of hip may occur.",book:{id:"5439",slug:"developmental-diseases-of-the-hip-diagnosis-and-management",title:"Developmental Diseases of the Hip",fullTitle:"Developmental Diseases of the Hip - Diagnosis and Management"},signatures:"Chunho Chen, Ting-Ming Wang and Ken N. Kuo",authors:[{id:"189672",title:"M.D.",name:"Chunho",middleName:null,surname:"Chen",slug:"chunho-chen",fullName:"Chunho Chen"},{id:"189675",title:"Dr.",name:"Tingming",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"tingming-wang",fullName:"Tingming Wang"},{id:"189859",title:"Prof.",name:"Ken N",middleName:null,surname:"Kuo",slug:"ken-n-kuo",fullName:"Ken N Kuo"}]},{id:"72475",title:"Tibial Plateau Fracture",slug:"tibial-plateau-fracture",totalDownloads:1192,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"Tibial plateau fractures are a common orthopedic injury. These fractures involve the articular surface of the tibia that is part of the knee joint. Plateau fractures can range from low energy injuries with little or no displacement to complex fractures with significant associated injuries. Stability of these injuries depends on a combination of bony and associated ligamentous injuries. Treatment consists of a wide spectrum of therapies which have been discussed in this chapter. Complications such as compartment syndrome, post-traumatic arthritis, chronic pain, malunion, and wound problems (in addition to other complications) can develop.",book:{id:"9522",slug:"tibia-pathology-and-fractures",title:"Tibia Pathology and Fractures",fullTitle:"Tibia Pathology and Fractures"},signatures:"Christian M. Schmidt II, Jan P. Szatkowski and John T. Riehl",authors:null},{id:"70683",title:"Restoration of Cervical and Lumbar Lordosis: CBP® Methods Overview",slug:"restoration-of-cervical-and-lumbar-lordosis-cbp-methods-overview",totalDownloads:1376,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:"Low back and neck pain disorders are among the leading causes for work loss, suffering, and health care expenditures throughout the industrialized world. It has been extensively demonstrated that sagittal plane alignment of the cervical and lumbar spines impacts human health and well-being. Today there are reliable and predictable means through the application of extension spinal traction as part of comprehensive rehabilitation programs to restore the natural curvatures of the spine. High-quality evidence points to Chiropractic BioPhysics® (CBP®) methods offering superior long-term outcomes for treating patients with various craniocervical and lumbosacral disorders. CBP technique is a full spine and posture rehabilitation approach that incorporates mirror image® exercises, spinal and postural adjustments, and unique traction applications in the restoration of normal/ideal spinal alignment. Recent randomized controlled trials using CBP’s unique extension traction methods in conjunction with various conventional physiotherapeutic methods have demonstrated those who restore normal lordosis (cervical or lumbar) get symptomatic relief that lasts up to 2 years after treatment. Comparative groups receiving various ‘cookie-cutter’ conventional treatments experience only temporary symptomatic relief that regresses as early as 3 months after treatment. The economic impact/benefit of CBPs newer sagittal spine rehabilitation treatments demand continued attention from clinicians and researchers alike.",book:{id:"9154",slug:"spinal-deformities-in-adolescents-adults-and-older-adults",title:"Spinal Deformities in Adolescents, Adults and Older Adults",fullTitle:"Spinal Deformities in Adolescents, Adults and Older Adults"},signatures:"Paul A. Oakley, Ibrahim M. Moustafa and Deed E. Harrison",authors:[{id:"308067",title:"Dr.",name:"Paul A.",middleName:null,surname:"Oakley",slug:"paul-a.-oakley",fullName:"Paul A. Oakley"},{id:"308068",title:"Dr.",name:"Deed E.",middleName:null,surname:"Harrison",slug:"deed-e.-harrison",fullName:"Deed E. 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Nowadays, all medical imaging devices, medical instruments, or new laboratory techniques result from the cooperation of specialists in various fields. The series of Biomedical Engineering books covers such areas of knowledge as chemistry, physics, electronics, medicine, and biology. This series is intended for doctors, engineers, and scientists involved in biomedical engineering or those wanting to start working in this field.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/7.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"May 13th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:12,editor:{id:"50150",title:"Prof.",name:"Robert",middleName:null,surname:"Koprowski",slug:"robert-koprowski",fullName:"Robert Koprowski",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYTYNQA4/Profile_Picture_1630478535317",biography:"Robert Koprowski, MD (1997), PhD (2003), Habilitation (2015), is an employee of the University of Silesia, Poland, Institute of Computer Science, Department of Biomedical Computer Systems. For 20 years, he has studied the analysis and processing of biomedical images, emphasizing the full automation of measurement for a large inter-individual variability of patients. Dr. Koprowski has authored more than a hundred research papers with dozens in impact factor (IF) journals and has authored or co-authored six books. Additionally, he is the author of several national and international patents in the field of biomedical devices and imaging. Since 2011, he has been a reviewer of grants and projects (including EU projects) in biomedical engineering.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Silesia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:5,paginationItems:[{id:"91",title:"Sustainable Economy and Fair Society",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/91.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"181603",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonella",middleName:null,surname:"Petrillo",slug:"antonella-petrillo",fullName:"Antonella Petrillo",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/181603/images/system/181603.jpg",biography:"Antonella Petrillo is a Professor at the Department of Engineering of the University of Naples “Parthenope”, Italy. She received her Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Cassino. Her research interests include multi-criteria decision analysis, industrial plant, logistics, manufacturing and safety. She serves as an Associate Editor for the International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. She is a member of AHP Academy and a member of several editorial boards. 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Her focus is on quality, innovation, leadership, and personalised learning. She works primarily at the strategic and policy levels, both nationally and internationally, and with key international organisations. She is committed to promoting and improving OFDL in the context of SDG4 and the future of education. Ossiannilsson has more than 20 years of experience in her current field, but more than 40 years in the education sector. She works as a reviewer and expert for the European Commission and collaborates with the Joint Research Centre for Quality in Open Education. Ossiannilsson also collaborates with ITCILO and ICoBC (International Council on Badges and Credentials). She is a member of the ICDE Board of Directors and has previously served on the boards of EDEN and EUCEN. Ossiannilsson is a quality expert and reviewer for ICDE, EDEN and the EADTU. She chairs the ICDE OER Advocacy Committee and is a member of the ICDE Quality Network. 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Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Technology has always been my aspiration and my life. As years passed I accumulated a tremendous amount of skills and knowledge in Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, Conventional Radiology, Radiation Protection, Bioinformatics Technology, PACS, Image processing, clinically and lecturing that will enable me to provide a valuable service to the community as a Researcher and Consultant in this field. My method of translating this into day to day in clinical practice is non-exhaustible and my habit of exchanging knowledge and expertise with others in those fields is the code and secret of success.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Majmaah University",country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}},{id:"313277",title:"Dr.",name:"Bartłomiej",middleName:null,surname:"Płaczek",slug:"bartlomiej-placzek",fullName:"Bartłomiej Płaczek",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/313277/images/system/313277.jpg",biography:"Bartłomiej Płaczek, MSc (2002), Ph.D. (2005), Habilitation (2016), is a professor at the University of Silesia, Institute of Computer Science, Poland, and an expert from the National Centre for Research and Development. His research interests include sensor networks, smart sensors, intelligent systems, and image processing with applications in healthcare and medicine. He is the author or co-author of more than seventy papers in peer-reviewed journals and conferences as well as the co-author of several books. He serves as a reviewer for many scientific journals, international conferences, and research foundations. Since 2010, Dr. Placzek has been a reviewer of grants and projects (including EU projects) in the field of information technologies.",institutionString:"University of Silesia",institution:{name:"University of Silesia",country:{name:"Poland"}}},{id:"35000",title:"Prof.",name:"Ulrich H.P",middleName:"H.P.",surname:"Fischer",slug:"ulrich-h.p-fischer",fullName:"Ulrich H.P Fischer",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/35000/images/3052_n.jpg",biography:"Academic and Professional Background\nUlrich H. P. has Diploma and PhD degrees in Physics from the Free University Berlin, Germany. He has been working on research positions in the Heinrich-Hertz-Institute in Germany. Several international research projects has been performed with European partners from France, Netherlands, Norway and the UK. He is currently Professor of Communications Systems at the Harz University of Applied Sciences, Germany.\n\nPublications and Publishing\nHe has edited one book, a special interest book about ‘Optoelectronic Packaging’ (VDE, Berlin, Germany), and has published over 100 papers and is owner of several international patents for WDM over POF key elements.\n\nKey Research and Consulting Interests\nUlrich’s research activity has always been related to Spectroscopy and Optical Communications Technology. Specific current interests include the validation of complex instruments, and the application of VR technology to the development and testing of measurement systems. He has been reviewer for several publications of the Optical Society of America\\'s including Photonics Technology Letters and Applied Optics.\n\nPersonal Interests\nThese include motor cycling in a very relaxed manner and performing martial arts.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Charité",country:{name:"Germany"}}},{id:"341622",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Eduardo",middleName:null,surname:"Rojas Alvarez",slug:"eduardo-rojas-alvarez",fullName:"Eduardo Rojas Alvarez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/341622/images/15892_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Cuenca",country:{name:"Ecuador"}}},{id:"215610",title:"Prof.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Sarfraz",slug:"muhammad-sarfraz",fullName:"Muhammad Sarfraz",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/215610/images/system/215610.jpeg",biography:"Muhammad Sarfraz is a professor in the Department of Information Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait. His research interests include optimization, computer graphics, computer vision, image processing, machine learning, pattern recognition, soft computing, data science, and intelligent systems. Prof. Sarfraz has been a keynote/invited speaker at various platforms around the globe. He has advised/supervised more than 110 students for their MSc and Ph.D. theses. He has published more than 400 publications as books, journal articles, and conference papers. He has authored and/or edited around seventy books. Prof. Sarfraz is a member of various professional societies. He is a chair and member of international advisory committees and organizing committees of numerous international conferences. He is also an editor and editor in chief for various international journals.",institutionString:"Kuwait University",institution:{name:"Kuwait University",country:{name:"Kuwait"}}},{id:"32650",title:"Prof.",name:"Lukas",middleName:"Willem",surname:"Snyman",slug:"lukas-snyman",fullName:"Lukas Snyman",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/32650/images/4136_n.jpg",biography:"Lukas Willem Snyman received his basic education at primary and high schools in South Africa, Eastern Cape. He enrolled at today's Nelson Metropolitan University and graduated from this university with a BSc in Physics and Mathematics, B.Sc Honors in Physics, MSc in Semiconductor Physics, and a Ph.D. in Semiconductor Physics in 1987. After his studies, he chose an academic career and devoted his energy to the teaching of physics to first, second, and third-year students. After positions as a lecturer at the University of Port Elizabeth, he accepted a position as Associate Professor at the University of Pretoria, South Africa.\r\n\r\nIn 1992, he motivates the concept of 'television and computer-based education” as means to reach large student numbers with only the best of teaching expertise and publishes an article on the concept in the SA Journal of Higher Education of 1993 (and later in 2003). The University of Pretoria subsequently approved a series of test projects on the concept with outreach to Mamelodi and Eerste Rust in 1993. In 1994, the University established a 'Unit for Telematic Education ' as a support section for multiple faculties at the University of Pretoria. In subsequent years, the concept of 'telematic education” subsequently becomes well established in academic circles in South Africa, grew in popularity, and is adopted by many universities and colleges throughout South Africa as a medium of enhancing education and training, as a method to reaching out to far out communities, and as a means to enhance study from the home environment.\r\n\r\nProfessor Snyman in subsequent years pursued research in semiconductor physics, semiconductor devices, microelectronics, and optoelectronics.\r\n\r\nIn 2000 he joined the TUT as a full professor. Here served for a period as head of the Department of Electronic Engineering. Here he makes contributions to solar energy development, microwave and optoelectronic device development, silicon photonics, as well as contributions to new mobile telecommunication systems and network planning in SA.\r\n\r\nCurrently, he teaches electronics and telecommunications at the TUT to audiences ranging from first-year students to Ph.D. level.\r\n\r\nFor his research in the field of 'Silicon Photonics” since 1990, he has published (as author and co-author) about thirty internationally reviewed articles in scientific journals, contributed to more than forty international conferences, about 25 South African provisional patents (as inventor and co-inventor), 8 PCT international patent applications until now. Of these, two USA patents applications, two European Patents, two Korean patents, and ten SA patents have been granted. A further 4 USA patents, 5 European patents, 3 Korean patents, 3 Chinese patents, and 3 Japanese patents are currently under consideration.\r\n\r\nRecently he has also published an extensive scholarly chapter in an internet open access book on 'Integrating Microphotonic Systems and MOEMS into standard Silicon CMOS Integrated circuitry”.\r\n\r\nFurthermore, Professor Snyman recently steered a new initiative at the TUT by introducing a 'Laboratory for Innovative Electronic Systems ' at the Department of Electrical Engineering. The model of this laboratory or center is to primarily combine outputs as achieved by high-level research with lower-level system development and entrepreneurship in a technical university environment. Students are allocated to projects at different levels with PhDs and Master students allocated to the generation of new knowledge and new technologies, while students at the diploma and Baccalaureus level are allocated to electronic systems development with a direct and a near application for application in industry or the commercial and public sectors in South Africa.\r\n\r\nProfessor Snyman received the WIRSAM Award of 1983 and the WIRSAM Award in 1985 in South Africa for best research papers by a young scientist at two international conferences on electron microscopy in South Africa. He subsequently received the SA Microelectronics Award for the best dissertation emanating from studies executed at a South African university in the field of Physics and Microelectronics in South Africa in 1987. In October of 2011, Professor Snyman received the prestigious Institutional Award for 'Innovator of the Year” for 2010 at the Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa. This award was based on the number of patents recognized and granted by local and international institutions as well as for his contributions concerning innovation at the TUT.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of South Africa",country:{name:"South Africa"}}},{id:"317279",title:"Mr.",name:"Ali",middleName:"Usama",surname:"Syed",slug:"ali-syed",fullName:"Ali Syed",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/317279/images/16024_n.png",biography:"A creative, talented, and innovative young professional who is dedicated, well organized, and capable research fellow with two years of experience in graduate-level research, published in engineering journals and book, with related expertise in Bio-robotics, equally passionate about the aesthetics of the mechanical and electronic system, obtained expertise in the use of MS Office, MATLAB, SolidWorks, LabVIEW, Proteus, Fusion 360, having a grasp on python, C++ and assembly language, possess proven ability in acquiring research grants, previous appointments with social and educational societies with experience in administration, current affiliations with IEEE and Web of Science, a confident presenter at conferences and teacher in classrooms, able to explain complex information to audiences of all levels.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Air University",country:{name:"Pakistan"}}},{id:"75526",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Zihni Onur",middleName:null,surname:"Uygun",slug:"zihni-onur-uygun",fullName:"Zihni Onur Uygun",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/75526/images/12_n.jpg",biography:"My undergraduate education and my Master of Science educations at Ege University and at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University have given me a firm foundation in Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Biosensors, Bioelectronics, Physical Chemistry and Medicine. After obtaining my degree as a MSc in analytical chemistry, I started working as a research assistant in Ege University Medical Faculty in 2014. In parallel, I enrolled to the MSc program at the Department of Medical Biochemistry at Ege University to gain deeper knowledge on medical and biochemical sciences as well as clinical chemistry in 2014. In my PhD I deeply researched on biosensors and bioelectronics and finished in 2020. Now I have eleven SCI-Expanded Index published papers, 6 international book chapters, referee assignments for different SCIE journals, one international patent pending, several international awards, projects and bursaries. In parallel to my research assistant position at Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry, in April 2016, I also founded a Start-Up Company (Denosens Biotechnology LTD) by the support of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey. Currently, I am also working as a CEO in Denosens Biotechnology. The main purposes of the company, which carries out R&D as a research center, are to develop new generation biosensors and sensors for both point-of-care diagnostics; such as glucose, lactate, cholesterol and cancer biomarker detections. My specific experimental and instrumental skills are Biochemistry, Biosensor, Analytical Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Mobile phone based point-of-care diagnostic device, POCTs and Patient interface designs, HPLC, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Spectrophotometry, ELISA.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ege University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"246502",title:"Dr.",name:"Jaya T.",middleName:"T",surname:"Varkey",slug:"jaya-t.-varkey",fullName:"Jaya T. Varkey",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/246502/images/11160_n.jpg",biography:"Jaya T. Varkey, PhD, graduated with a degree in Chemistry from Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala, India. She obtained a PhD in Chemistry from the School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India, and completed a post-doctoral fellowship at the University of Minnesota, USA. She is a research guide at Mahatma Gandhi University and Associate Professor in Chemistry, St. Teresa’s College, Kochi, Kerala, India.\nDr. Varkey received a National Young Scientist award from the Indian Science Congress (1995), a UGC Research award (2016–2018), an Indian National Science Academy (INSA) Visiting Scientist award (2018–2019), and a Best Innovative Faculty award from the All India Association for Christian Higher Education (AIACHE) (2019). She Hashas received the Sr. Mary Cecil prize for best research paper three times. She was also awarded a start-up to develop a tea bag water filter. \nDr. Varkey has published two international books and twenty-seven international journal publications. She is an editorial board member for five international journals.",institutionString:"St. Teresa’s College",institution:null},{id:"250668",title:"Dr.",name:"Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Nabipour Chakoli",slug:"ali-nabipour-chakoli",fullName:"Ali Nabipour Chakoli",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/250668/images/system/250668.jpg",biography:"Academic Qualification:\r\n•\tPhD in Materials Physics and Chemistry, From: Sep. 2006, to: Sep. 2010, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Thesis: Structure and Shape Memory Effect of Functionalized MWCNTs/poly (L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) Nanocomposites. Supervisor: Prof. Wei Cai,\r\n•\tM.Sc in Applied Physics, From: 1996, to: 1998, Faculty of Physics & Nuclear Science, Amirkabir Uni. of Technology, Tehran, Iran, Thesis: Determination of Boron in Micro alloy Steels with solid state nuclear track detectors by neutron induced auto radiography, Supervisors: Dr. M. Hosseini Ashrafi and Dr. A. Hosseini.\r\n•\tB.Sc. in Applied Physics, From: 1991, to: 1996, Faculty of Physics & Nuclear Science, Amirkabir Uni. of Technology, Tehran, Iran, Thesis: Design of shielding for Am-Be neutron sources for In Vivo neutron activation analysis, Supervisor: Dr. M. Hosseini Ashrafi.\r\n\r\nResearch Experiences:\r\n1.\tNanomaterials, Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene: Synthesis, Functionalization and Characterization,\r\n2.\tMWCNTs/Polymer Composites: Fabrication and Characterization, \r\n3.\tShape Memory Polymers, Biodegradable Polymers, ORC, Collagen,\r\n4.\tMaterials Analysis and Characterizations: TEM, SEM, XPS, FT-IR, Raman, DSC, DMA, TGA, XRD, GPC, Fluoroscopy, \r\n5.\tInteraction of Radiation with Mater, Nuclear Safety and Security, NDT(RT),\r\n6.\tRadiation Detectors, Calibration (SSDL),\r\n7.\tCompleted IAEA e-learning Courses:\r\nNuclear Security (15 Modules),\r\nNuclear Safety:\r\nTSA 2: Regulatory Protection in Occupational Exposure,\r\nTips & Tricks: Radiation Protection in Radiography,\r\nSafety and Quality in Radiotherapy,\r\nCourse on Sealed Radioactive Sources,\r\nCourse on Fundamentals of Environmental Remediation,\r\nCourse on Planning for Environmental Remediation,\r\nKnowledge Management Orientation Course,\r\nFood Irradiation - Technology, Applications and Good Practices,\r\nEmployment:\r\nFrom 2010 to now: Academic staff, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Kargar Shomali, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box: 14395-836.\r\nFrom 1997 to 2006: Expert of Materials Analysis and Characterization. Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine. Rajaeeshahr, Karaj, Iran, P. O. Box: 31585-498.",institutionString:"Atomic Energy Organization of Iran",institution:{name:"Atomic Energy Organization of Iran",country:{name:"Iran"}}},{id:"248279",title:"Dr.",name:"Monika",middleName:"Elzbieta",surname:"Machoy",slug:"monika-machoy",fullName:"Monika Machoy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/248279/images/system/248279.jpeg",biography:"Monika Elżbieta Machoy, MD, graduated with distinction from the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry at the Pomeranian Medical University in 2009, defended her PhD thesis with summa cum laude in 2016 and is currently employed as a researcher at the Department of Orthodontics of the Pomeranian Medical University. She expanded her professional knowledge during a one-year scholarship program at the Ernst Moritz Arndt University in Greifswald, Germany and during a three-year internship at the Technical University in Dresden, Germany. She has been a speaker at numerous orthodontic conferences, among others, American Association of Orthodontics, European Orthodontic Symposium and numerous conferences of the Polish Orthodontic Society. She conducts research focusing on the effect of orthodontic treatment on dental and periodontal tissues and the causes of pain in orthodontic patients.",institutionString:"Pomeranian Medical University",institution:{name:"Pomeranian Medical University",country:{name:"Poland"}}},{id:"252743",title:"Prof.",name:"Aswini",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Kar",slug:"aswini-kar",fullName:"Aswini Kar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/252743/images/10381_n.jpg",biography:"uploaded in cv",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"KIIT University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"204256",title:"Dr.",name:"Anil",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Kumar Sahu",slug:"anil-kumar-sahu",fullName:"Anil Kumar Sahu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/204256/images/14201_n.jpg",biography:"I have nearly 11 years of research and teaching experience. I have done my master degree from University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India. I have published 16 review and research articles in international and national journals and published 4 chapters in IntechOpen, the world’s leading publisher of Open access books. I have presented many papers at national and international conferences. I have received research award from Indian Drug Manufacturers Association in year 2015. My research interest extends from novel lymphatic drug delivery systems, oral delivery system for herbal bioactive to formulation optimization.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"253468",title:"Dr.",name:"Mariusz",middleName:null,surname:"Marzec",slug:"mariusz-marzec",fullName:"Mariusz Marzec",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/253468/images/system/253468.png",biography:"An assistant professor at Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, at Institute of Computer Science, Silesian University in Katowice. Scientific interests: computer analysis and processing of images, biomedical images, databases and programming languages. He is an author and co-author of scientific publications covering analysis and processing of biomedical images and development of database systems.",institutionString:"University of Silesia",institution:null},{id:"212432",title:"Prof.",name:"Hadi",middleName:null,surname:"Mohammadi",slug:"hadi-mohammadi",fullName:"Hadi Mohammadi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/212432/images/system/212432.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Hadi Mohammadi is a biomedical engineer with hands-on experience in the design and development of many engineering structures and medical devices through various projects that he has been involved in over the past twenty years. Dr. Mohammadi received his BSc. and MSc. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, and his PhD. degree in Biomedical Engineering (biomaterials) from the University of Western Ontario. He was a postdoctoral trainee for almost four years at University of Calgary and Harvard Medical School. He is an industry innovator having created the technology to produce lifelike synthetic platforms that can be used for the simulation of almost all cardiovascular reconstructive surgeries. He’s been heavily involved in the design and development of cardiovascular devices and technology for the past 10 years. He is currently an Assistant Professor with the University of British Colombia, Canada.",institutionString:"University of British Columbia",institution:{name:"University of British Columbia",country:{name:"Canada"}}},{id:"254463",title:"Prof.",name:"Haisheng",middleName:null,surname:"Yang",slug:"haisheng-yang",fullName:"Haisheng Yang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/254463/images/system/254463.jpeg",biography:"Haisheng Yang, Ph.D., Professor and Director of the Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology. He received his Ph.D. degree in Mechanics/Biomechanics from Harbin Institute of Technology (jointly with University of California, Berkeley). Afterwards, he worked as a Postdoctoral Research Associate in the Purdue Musculoskeletal Biology and Mechanics Lab at the Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, USA. He also conducted research in the Research Centre of Shriners Hospitals for Children-Canada at McGill University, Canada. Dr. Yang has over 10 years research experience in orthopaedic biomechanics and mechanobiology of bone adaptation and regeneration. He earned an award from Beijing Overseas Talents Aggregation program in 2017 and serves as Beijing Distinguished Professor.",institutionString:"Beijing University of Technology",institution:null},{id:"255757",title:"Dr.",name:"Igor",middleName:"Victorovich",surname:"Lakhno",slug:"igor-lakhno",fullName:"Igor Lakhno",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/255757/images/system/255757.jpg",biography:"Lakhno Igor Victorovich was born in 1971 in Kharkiv (Ukraine). \nMD – 1994, Kharkiv National Medical Univesity.\nOb&Gyn; – 1997, master courses in Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education.\nPhD – 1999, Kharkiv National Medical Univesity.\nDSc – 2019, PL Shupik National Academy of Postgraduate Education \nLakhno Igor has been graduated from an international training courses on reproductive medicine and family planning held in Debrecen University (Hungary) in 1997. Since 1998 Lakhno Igor has worked as an associate professor of the department of obstetrics and gynecology of VN Karazin National University and an associate professor of the perinatology, obstetrics and gynecology department of Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education. Since June 2019 he’s a professor of the department of obstetrics and gynecology of VN Karazin National University and a professor of the perinatology, obstetrics and gynecology department of Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education . He’s an author of about 200 printed works and there are 17 of them in Scopus or Web of Science databases. Lakhno Igor is a rewiever of Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Taylor and Francis), Informatics in Medicine Unlocked (Elsevier), The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research (Wiley), Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets (Bentham Open), The Open Biomedical Engineering Journal (Bentham Open), etc. He’s defended a dissertation for DSc degree \\'Pre-eclampsia: prediction, prevention and treatment”. Lakhno Igor has participated as a speaker in several international conferences and congresses (International Conference on Biological Oscillations April 10th-14th 2016, Lancaster, UK, The 9th conference of the European Study Group on Cardiovascular Oscillations). His main scientific interests: obstetrics, women’s health, fetal medicine, cardiovascular medicine.",institutionString:"V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University",institution:{name:"Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education",country:{name:"Ukraine"}}},{id:"89721",title:"Dr.",name:"Mehmet",middleName:"Cuneyt",surname:"Ozmen",slug:"mehmet-ozmen",fullName:"Mehmet Ozmen",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/89721/images/7289_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Gazi University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"243698",title:"M.D.",name:"Xiaogang",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"xiaogang-wang",fullName:"Xiaogang Wang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/243698/images/system/243698.png",biography:"Dr. Xiaogang Wang, a faculty member of Shanxi Eye Hospital specializing in the treatment of cataract and retinal disease and a tutor for postgraduate students of Shanxi Medical University, worked in the COOL Lab as an international visiting scholar under the supervision of Dr. David Huang and Yali Jia from October 2012 through November 2013. Dr. Wang earned an MD from Shanxi Medical University and a Ph.D. from Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Dr. Wang was awarded two research project grants focused on multimodal optical coherence tomography imaging and deep learning in cataract and retinal disease, from the National Natural Science Foundation of China. He has published around 30 peer-reviewed journal papers and four book chapters and co-edited one book.",institutionString:"Shanxi Eye Hospital",institution:{name:"Shanxi Eye Hospital",country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"242893",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Joaquim",middleName:null,surname:"De Moura",slug:"joaquim-de-moura",fullName:"Joaquim De Moura",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/242893/images/7133_n.jpg",biography:"Joaquim de Moura received his degree in Computer Engineering in 2014 from the University of A Coruña (Spain). In 2016, he received his M.Sc degree in Computer Engineering from the same university. He is currently pursuing his Ph.D degree in Computer Science in a collaborative project between ophthalmology centers in Galicia and the University of A Coruña. His research interests include computer vision, machine learning algorithms and analysis and medical imaging processing of various kinds.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of A Coruña",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"267434",title:"Dr.",name:"Rohit",middleName:null,surname:"Raja",slug:"rohit-raja",fullName:"Rohit Raja",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRZkkQAG/Profile_Picture_2022-05-09T12:55:18.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"294334",title:"B.Sc.",name:"Marc",middleName:null,surname:"Bruggeman",slug:"marc-bruggeman",fullName:"Marc Bruggeman",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/294334/images/8242_n.jpg",biography:"Chemical engineer graduate, with a passion for material science and specific interest in polymers - their near infinite applications intrigue me. \n\nI plan to continue my scientific career in the field of polymeric biomaterials as I am fascinated by intelligent, bioactive and biomimetic materials for use in both consumer and medical applications.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"244950",title:"Dr.",name:"Salvatore",middleName:null,surname:"Di Lauro",slug:"salvatore-di-lauro",fullName:"Salvatore Di Lauro",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://intech-files.s3.amazonaws.com/0030O00002bSF1HQAW/ProfilePicture%202021-12-20%2014%3A54%3A14.482",biography:"Name:\n\tSALVATORE DI LAURO\nAddress:\n\tHospital Clínico Universitario Valladolid\nAvda Ramón y Cajal 3\n47005, Valladolid\nSpain\nPhone number: \nFax\nE-mail:\n\t+34 983420000 ext 292\n+34 983420084\nsadilauro@live.it\nDate and place of Birth:\nID Number\nMedical Licence \nLanguages\t09-05-1985. Villaricca (Italy)\n\nY1281863H\n474707061\nItalian (native language)\nSpanish (read, written, spoken)\nEnglish (read, written, spoken)\nPortuguese (read, spoken)\nFrench (read)\n\t\t\nCurrent position (title and company)\tDate (Year)\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid. Sacyl. National Health System.\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Instituto Oftalmologico Recoletas. Red Hospitalaria Recoletas. Private practise.\t2017-today\n\n2019-today\n\t\n\t\nEducation (High school, university and postgraduate training > 3 months)\tDate (Year)\nDegree in Medicine and Surgery. University of Neaples 'Federico II”\nResident in Opthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid\nMaster in Vitreo-Retina. IOBA. University of Valladolid\nFellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology. Paris\nMaster in Research in Ophthalmology. University of Valladolid\t2003-2009\n2012-2016\n2016-2017\n2016\n2012-2013\n\t\nEmployments (company and positions)\tDate (Year)\nResident in Ophthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid. Sacyl.\nFellow in Vitreo-Retina. IOBA. University of Valladolid\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid. Sacyl. National Health System.\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Instituto Oftalmologico Recoletas. Red Hospitalaria Recoletas. \n\t2012-2016\n2016-2017\n2017-today\n\n2019-Today\n\n\n\t\nClinical Research Experience (tasks and role)\tDate (Year)\nAssociated investigator\n\n' FIS PI20/00740: DESARROLLO DE UNA CALCULADORA DE RIESGO DE\nAPARICION DE RETINOPATIA DIABETICA BASADA EN TECNICAS DE IMAGEN MULTIMODAL EN PACIENTES DIABETICOS TIPO 1. Grant by: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion \n\n' (BIO/VA23/14) Estudio clínico multicéntrico y prospectivo para validar dos\nbiomarcadores ubicados en los genes p53 y MDM2 en la predicción de los resultados funcionales de la cirugía del desprendimiento de retina regmatógeno. Grant by: Gerencia Regional de Salud de la Junta de Castilla y León.\n' Estudio multicéntrico, aleatorizado, con enmascaramiento doble, en 2 grupos\nparalelos y de 52 semanas de duración para comparar la eficacia, seguridad e inmunogenicidad de SOK583A1 respecto a Eylea® en pacientes con degeneración macular neovascular asociada a la edad' (CSOK583A12301; N.EUDRA: 2019-004838-41; FASE III). Grant by Hexal AG\n\n' Estudio de fase III, aleatorizado, doble ciego, con grupos paralelos, multicéntrico para comparar la eficacia y la seguridad de QL1205 frente a Lucentis® en pacientes con degeneración macular neovascular asociada a la edad. (EUDRACT: 2018-004486-13). Grant by Qilu Pharmaceutical Co\n\n' Estudio NEUTON: Ensayo clinico en fase IV para evaluar la eficacia de aflibercept en pacientes Naive con Edema MacUlar secundario a Oclusion de Vena CenTral de la Retina (OVCR) en regimen de tratamientO iNdividualizado Treat and Extend (TAE)”, (2014-000975-21). Grant by Fundacion Retinaplus\n\n' Evaluación de la seguridad y bioactividad de anillos de tensión capsular en conejo. Proyecto Procusens. Grant by AJL, S.A.\n\n'Estudio epidemiológico, prospectivo, multicéntrico y abierto\\npara valorar la frecuencia de la conjuntivitis adenovírica diagnosticada mediante el test AdenoPlus®\\nTest en pacientes enfermos de conjuntivitis aguda”\\n. National, multicenter study. Grant by: NICOX.\n\nEuropean multicentric trial: 'Evaluation of clinical outcomes following the use of Systane Hydration in patients with dry eye”. Study Phase 4. Grant by: Alcon Labs'\n\nVLPs Injection and Activation in a Rabbit Model of Uveal Melanoma. Grant by Aura Bioscience\n\nUpdating and characterization of a rabbit model of uveal melanoma. Grant by Aura Bioscience\n\nEnsayo clínico en fase IV para evaluar las variantes genéticas de la vía del VEGF como biomarcadores de eficacia del tratamiento con aflibercept en pacientes con degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE) neovascular. Estudio BIOIMAGE. IMO-AFLI-2013-01\n\nEstudio In-Eye:Ensayo clínico en fase IV, abierto, aleatorizado, de 2 brazos,\nmulticçentrico y de 12 meses de duración, para evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de un régimen de PRN flexible individualizado de 'esperar y extender' versus un régimen PRN según criterios de estabilización mediante evaluaciones mensuales de inyecciones intravítreas de ranibizumab 0,5 mg en pacientes naive con neovascularización coriodea secunaria a la degeneración macular relacionada con la edad. CP: CRFB002AES03T\n\nTREND: Estudio Fase IIIb multicéntrico, randomizado, de 12 meses de\nseguimiento con evaluador de la agudeza visual enmascarado, para evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de ranibizumab 0.5mg en un régimen de tratar y extender comparado con un régimen mensual, en pacientes con degeneración macular neovascular asociada a la edad. CP: CRFB002A2411 Código Eudra CT:\n2013-002626-23\n\n\n\nPublications\t\n\n2021\n\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n\n\n2021\n\n\n\n\n\n2021\n\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n2014\n\n\n\n\n2015-16\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n2014\n\n\n2014\n\n\n\n\n2014\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2014\n\nJose Carlos Pastor; Jimena Rojas; Salvador Pastor-Idoate; Salvatore Di Lauro; Lucia Gonzalez-Buendia; Santiago Delgado-Tirado. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: A new concept of disease pathogenesis and practical\nconsequences. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 51, pp. 125 - 155. 03/2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.07.005\n\n\nLabrador-Velandia S; Alonso-Alonso ML; Di Lauro S; García-Gutierrez MT; Srivastava GK; Pastor JC; Fernandez-Bueno I. Mesenchymal stem cells provide paracrine neuroprotective resources that delay degeneration of co-cultured organotypic neuroretinal cultures.Experimental Eye Research. 185, 17/05/2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.05.011\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro; Maria Teresa Garcia Gutierrez; Ivan Fernandez Bueno. Quantification of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in an ex vivo coculture of retinal pigment epithelium cells and neuroretina.\nJournal of Allbiosolution. 2019. ISSN 2605-3535\n\nSonia Labrador Velandia; Salvatore Di Lauro; Alonso-Alonso ML; Tabera Bartolomé S; Srivastava GK; Pastor JC; Fernandez-Bueno I. Biocompatibility of intravitreal injection of human mesenchymal stem cells in immunocompetent rabbits. Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology. 256 - 1, pp. 125 - 134. 01/2018. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3842-3\n\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro, David Rodriguez-Crespo, Manuel J Gayoso, Maria T Garcia-Gutierrez, J Carlos Pastor, Girish K Srivastava, Ivan Fernandez-Bueno. A novel coculture model of porcine central neuroretina explants and retinal pigment epithelium cells. Molecular Vision. 2016 - 22, pp. 243 - 253. 01/2016.\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro. Classifications for Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy ({PVR}): An Analysis of Their Use in Publications over the Last 15 Years. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2016, pp. 1 - 6. 01/2016. DOI: 10.1155/2016/7807596\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro; Rosa Maria Coco; Rosa Maria Sanabria; Enrique Rodriguez de la Rua; Jose Carlos Pastor. Loss of Visual Acuity after Successful Surgery for Macula-On Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in a Prospective Multicentre Study. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2015:821864, 2015. DOI: 10.1155/2015/821864\n\nIvan Fernandez-Bueno; Salvatore Di Lauro; Ivan Alvarez; Jose Carlos Lopez; Maria Teresa Garcia-Gutierrez; Itziar Fernandez; Eva Larra; Jose Carlos Pastor. Safety and Biocompatibility of a New High-Density Polyethylene-Based\nSpherical Integrated Porous Orbital Implant: An Experimental Study in Rabbits. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2015:904096, 2015. DOI: 10.1155/2015/904096\n\nPastor JC; Pastor-Idoate S; Rodríguez-Hernandez I; Rojas J; Fernandez I; Gonzalez-Buendia L; Di Lauro S; Gonzalez-Sarmiento R. Genetics of PVR and RD. Ophthalmologica. 232 - Suppl 1, pp. 28 - 29. 2014\n\nRodriguez-Crespo D; Di Lauro S; Singh AK; Garcia-Gutierrez MT; Garrosa M; Pastor JC; Fernandez-Bueno I; Srivastava GK. Triple-layered mixed co-culture model of RPE cells with neuroretina for evaluating the neuroprotective effects of adipose-MSCs. Cell Tissue Res. 358 - 3, pp. 705 - 716. 2014.\nDOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1987-5\n\nCarlo De Werra; Salvatore Condurro; Salvatore Tramontano; Mario Perone; Ivana Donzelli; Salvatore Di Lauro; Massimo Di Giuseppe; Rosa Di Micco; Annalisa Pascariello; Antonio Pastore; Giorgio Diamantis; Giuseppe Galloro. Hydatid disease of the liver: thirty years of surgical experience.Chirurgia italiana. 59 - 5, pp. 611 - 636.\n(Italia): 2007. ISSN 0009-4773\n\nChapters in books\n\t\n' Salvador Pastor Idoate; Salvatore Di Lauro; Jose Carlos Pastor Jimeno. PVR: Pathogenesis, Histopathology and Classification. Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy with Small Gauge Vitrectomy. Springer, 2018. ISBN 978-3-319-78445-8\nDOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78446-5_2. \n\n' Salvatore Di Lauro; Maria Isabel Lopez Galvez. Quistes vítreos en una mujer joven. Problemas diagnósticos en patología retinocoroidea. Sociedad Española de Retina-Vitreo. 2018.\n\n' Salvatore Di Lauro; Salvador Pastor Idoate; Jose Carlos Pastor Jimeno. iOCT in PVR management. OCT Applications in Opthalmology. pp. 1 - 8. INTECH, 2018. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.78774.\n\n' Rosa Coco Martin; Salvatore Di Lauro; Salvador Pastor Idoate; Jose Carlos Pastor. amponadores, manipuladores y tinciones en la cirugía del traumatismo ocular.Trauma Ocular. Ponencia de la SEO 2018..\n\n' LOPEZ GALVEZ; DI LAURO; CRESPO. OCT angiografia y complicaciones retinianas de la diabetes. PONENCIA SEO 2021, CAPITULO 20. (España): 2021.\n\n' Múltiples desprendimientos neurosensoriales bilaterales en paciente joven. Enfermedades Degenerativas De Retina Y Coroides. SERV 04/2016. \n' González-Buendía L; Di Lauro S; Pastor-Idoate S; Pastor Jimeno JC. Vitreorretinopatía proliferante (VRP) e inflamación: LA INFLAMACIÓN in «INMUNOMODULADORES Y ANTIINFLAMATORIOS: MÁS ALLÁ DE LOS CORTICOIDES. 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