Chapters authored
The Potential Application of Nanoparticles on Grains during Storage: Part 1 – An Overview of Inhibition against Fungi and Mycotoxin Biosynthesis
Cereals and legumes are the major staples across the globe, thus providing nutrition to humans, and their by-products utilized as animal feeds. However, mycotoxins synthesized by fungi contaminate these grains on the field during cultivation and are transferred to the storage centers. These fungi infect and deteriorate stored grains, thereby tampering with food security. Moreover, the deterioration decreases nutrient content and alters the physicochemical properties of grains. The current conventional methods used to reduce grain contamination are becoming ineffecitive, coupled with the detrimental health effects it has on the consumer and to the environment. Herein, we present an overview of the use of nanoparticles (NPs) as an alternative and novel method of reducing mycotoxin biosynthesis due to their potent biocidal properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered and have shown promising and effective fungicidal properties against important storage fungi, and pests hence could be utilized in the agriculture and food sector for a vast myriad of applications. These may help to either minimize/eradicate the exposure to the mycotoxins and its adverse health effects, hence contributing to the holistic growth and development of people.
Part of the book: Mycotoxins and Food Safety
The Potential Application of Nanoparticles on Grains during Storage: Part 2 – An Overview of Inhibition against Fungi and Mycotoxin Biosynthesis
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites synthesized by filamentous fungi. They are common food contaminants that cause mycotoxicosis in humans and animals. Due to the severity of health risk pose by these mycotoxins, many countries have enacted strict measures to curb this menace. One promising measure is the use of nanoparticles. Herein, we present an overview of the application of titanium dioxide, chitosan, ultradisperse humic sapropel suspension, and carbon-based nanoparticles, a novel and innovative method of reducing mycotoxin production and the subsequent contamination of grains. All nanoparticles considered enhanced cell permeability by disrupting the membrane, resulting in the outflow of cellular materials. However, concentration, volume, type, and illumination (sunlight) influenced the fungicidal potential of NPs.
Part of the book: Mycotoxins and Food Safety
The Contribution of Humic Substances in Improving Agriculture and Livestock Sector in African Great Lakes Region: A Review
The economy of the Great lakes region (GLR) depends on livestock and agricultural production. Although the region boasts massive diverse natural resources, such as humic substances (HSs), it is yet to benefit from this valuable natural resource. The current review sought to establish the contribution of HSs in improving the agriculture and livestock sector in the GLR. The outcome of the review establishes a positive relationship between the use of HSs and the improvement of the agriculture and livestock sector in the GLR. These substances stimulate the growth of plants, enhance soil fertility, and increase the availability of nutrients to plants. Conversely, HSs are vital components in controlling mycotoxins in animal feed. While the GLR is reputable for its massive agricultural production, this review affirms that the region has yet to fully explore HS’s benefits. Further research is necessary to specifically explore ways to maximize the use of HSs in boosting agricultural and livestock production in the GLR.
Part of the book: Humus and Humic Substances