Part of the book: Robot Arms
Modern power system becomes a complex system consisted with various load and power stations. Therefore, it may spread into some areas of power system in neighborhood, and so a load frequency control (LFC) is a necessity device to regulate the frequency of the power system by distributing the load to the generating units and controlling tie-line power interchange between areas. The integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into a power grid has presented important issues about stability and security of power system. In such conditions, the use of conventional LFC may not be sufficient to protect the power system against the power changes. In this chapter, an adaptive LFC controller is proposed using the least square method (LSM). The controller adopts an internal model control (IMC) structure in two scenarios, i.e., static controller gain with adaptive internal model and both the adaptive controller gain and adaptive internal model. A two-area power system is used to test and to validate both performance and the effectiveness of this controller through some case studies.
Part of the book: Advances in Modelling and Control of Wind and Hydrogenerators