\r\n\t
",isbn:"978-1-83962-547-3",printIsbn:"978-1-83962-546-6",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83962-548-0",doi:null,price:0,priceEur:0,priceUsd:0,slug:null,numberOfPages:0,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e5ba02fedd7c87f0ab66414f3b07de0c",bookSignature:"Dr. John P. Tiefenbacher",publishedDate:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10765.jpg",keywords:"Managing Urbanization, Managing Development, Managing Resource Use, Drought Management, Flood Management, Water Quality Monitoring, Air Quality Monitoring, Ecological Monitoring, Modeling Extreme Natural Events, Ecological Restoration, Restoring Environmental Flows, Environmental Management Perspectives",numberOfDownloads:22,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:0,numberOfTotalCitations:0,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"January 12th 2021",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"February 9th 2021",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"April 10th 2021",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"June 29th 2021",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"August 28th 2021",remainingDaysToSecondStep:"2 months",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:4,editedByType:null,kuFlag:!1,biosketch:"A geospatial scholar working at the interface of natural and human systems, collaborating internationally on innovative studies about hazards and environmental challenges. Dr. Tiefenbacher has published more than 200 papers on a diverse array of topics that examine perception and behaviors with regards to the application of pesticides, releases of toxic chemicals, environments of the U.S.-Mexico borderlands, wildlife hazards, and the geography of wine.",coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"73876",title:"Dr.",name:"John P.",middleName:null,surname:"Tiefenbacher",slug:"john-p.-tiefenbacher",fullName:"John P. Tiefenbacher",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/73876/images/system/73876.jfif",biography:"Dr. John P. Tiefenbacher (Ph.D., Rutgers, 1992) is a professor of Geography at Texas State University. His research has focused on various aspects of hazards and environmental management. Dr. Tiefenbacher has published on a diverse array of topics that examine perception and behaviors with regards to the application of pesticides, releases of toxic chemicals, environments of the U.S.-Mexico borderlands, wildlife hazards, and the geography of wine. More recently his work pertains to spatial adaptation to climate change, spatial responses in wine growing regions to climate change, the geographies of viticulture and wine, artificial intelligence and machine learning to predict patterns of natural processes and hazards, historical ethnic enclaves in American cities and regions, and environmental adaptations of 19th century European immigrants to North America's landscapes.",institutionString:"Texas State University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"6",institution:{name:"Texas State University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"12",title:"Environmental Sciences",slug:"environmental-sciences"}],chapters:[{id:"76073",title:"Integrating Ecological Site Descriptions with Soil Morphology to Optimize Forest Management: Three Missouri Case Studies",slug:"integrating-ecological-site-descriptions-with-soil-morphology-to-optimize-forest-management-three-mi",totalDownloads:22,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"185895",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael",surname:"Aide",slug:"michael-aide",fullName:"Michael Aide"},{id:"269286",title:"Dr.",name:"Christine",surname:"Aide",slug:"christine-aide",fullName:"Christine Aide"},{id:"269287",title:"Dr.",name:"Indi",surname:"Braden",slug:"indi-braden",fullName:"Indi Braden"}]}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"194667",firstName:"Marijana",lastName:"Francetic",middleName:null,title:"Ms.",imageUrl:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/194667/images/4752_n.jpg",email:"marijana@intechopen.com",biography:"As an Author Service Manager my responsibilities include monitoring and facilitating all publishing activities for authors and editors. From chapter submission and review, to approval and revision, copyediting and design, until final publication, I work closely with authors and editors to ensure a simple and easy publishing process. I maintain constant and effective communication with authors, editors and reviewers, which allows for a level of personal support that enables contributors to fully commit and concentrate on the chapters they are writing, editing, or reviewing. I assist authors in the preparation of their full chapter submissions and track important deadlines and ensure they are met. I help to coordinate internal processes such as linguistic review, and monitor the technical aspects of the process. As an ASM I am also involved in the acquisition of editors. Whether that be identifying an exceptional author and proposing an editorship collaboration, or contacting researchers who would like the opportunity to work with IntechOpen, I establish and help manage author and editor acquisition and contact."}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"600",title:"Approaches to Managing Disaster",subtitle:"Assessing Hazards, Emergencies and Disaster Impacts",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e97caba8487382025a1e70eb85e4e390",slug:"approaches-to-managing-disaster-assessing-hazards-emergencies-and-disaster-impacts",bookSignature:"John Tiefenbacher",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/600.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"73876",title:"Dr.",name:"John P.",surname:"Tiefenbacher",slug:"john-p.-tiefenbacher",fullName:"John P. Tiefenbacher"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3054",title:"Approaches to Disaster Management",subtitle:"Examining the Implications of Hazards, Emergencies and Disasters",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0d6576de4f4c7fc7b8db5e91cba6dc28",slug:"approaches-to-disaster-management-examining-the-implications-of-hazards-emergencies-and-disasters",bookSignature:"John Tiefenbacher",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3054.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"73876",title:"Dr.",name:"John P.",surname:"Tiefenbacher",slug:"john-p.-tiefenbacher",fullName:"John P. Tiefenbacher"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"865",title:"Perspectives on Nature Conservation",subtitle:"Patterns, Pressures and Prospects",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4a4d39cf2a0c2a9416049331b508aa88",slug:"perspectives-on-nature-conservation-patterns-pressures-and-prospects",bookSignature:"John Tiefenbacher",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/865.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"73876",title:"Dr.",name:"John P.",surname:"Tiefenbacher",slug:"john-p.-tiefenbacher",fullName:"John P. Tiefenbacher"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9846",title:"Spatial Variability in Environmental Science",subtitle:"Patterns, Processes, and Analyses",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"cfa4fa7b982bbff46ffbe6fbdbffbdf1",slug:"spatial-variability-in-environmental-science-patterns-processes-and-analyses",bookSignature:"John P. Tiefenbacher and Davod Poreh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9846.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"73876",title:"Dr.",name:"John P.",surname:"Tiefenbacher",slug:"john-p.-tiefenbacher",fullName:"John P. Tiefenbacher"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9389",title:"Global Warming and Climate Change",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"435d35b33ec04fe921640a514feb19e4",slug:"global-warming-and-climate-change",bookSignature:"John P. Tiefenbacher",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9389.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"73876",title:"Dr.",name:"John P.",surname:"Tiefenbacher",slug:"john-p.-tiefenbacher",fullName:"John P. Tiefenbacher"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8011",title:"Natural Hazards",subtitle:"Risk, Exposure, Response, and Resilience",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"43ca8c43ab0963f6c43350764f696b63",slug:"natural-hazards-risk-exposure-response-and-resilience",bookSignature:"John P. Tiefenbacher",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8011.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"73876",title:"Dr.",name:"John P.",surname:"Tiefenbacher",slug:"john-p.-tiefenbacher",fullName:"John P. Tiefenbacher"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophanides",surname:"Theophile",slug:"theophanides-theophile",fullName:"Theophanides Theophile"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"31458",title:"Numerical Wave Flumes Based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics",doi:"10.5772/38174",slug:"numerical-wave-flumes-based-on-smoothed-particle-hydrodynamics",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/31458.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/31458",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/31458",totalDownloads:2868,totalViews:94,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:"June 14th 2011",dateReviewed:"September 13th 2011",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"March 14th 2012",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/31458",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/31458",book:{slug:"hydrodynamics-theory-and-model"},signatures:"Jinhai Zheng, Gang Wang, Chi Zhang and Yingqi Liu",authors:[{id:"105318",title:"Dr.",name:"Jin - Hai",middleName:null,surname:"Zheng",fullName:"Jin - Hai Zheng",slug:"jin-hai-zheng",email:"jhzheng@hhu.edu.cn",position:null,institution:null},{id:"117805",title:"Dr.",name:"Gang",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Gang Wang",slug:"gang-wang",email:"gangwang@hhu.edu.cn",position:null,institution:{name:"Hohai University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"117808",title:"Dr.",name:"Chi",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",fullName:"Chi Zhang",slug:"chi-zhang",email:"chiz@hhu.edu.cn",position:null,institution:{name:"Hohai University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"117811",title:"MSc.",name:"Yingqi",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",fullName:"Yingqi Liu",slug:"yingqi-liu",email:"lyy@163.com",position:null,institution:{name:"Hohai University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"1654",title:"Hydrodynamics",subtitle:"Theory and Model",fullTitle:"Hydrodynamics - Theory and Model",slug:"hydrodynamics-theory-and-model",publishedDate:"March 14th 2012",bookSignature:"Jinhai Zheng",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1654.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"105318",title:"Dr.",name:"Jin - Hai",middleName:null,surname:"Zheng",slug:"jin-hai-zheng",fullName:"Jin - Hai Zheng"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"31449",title:"Hydrodynamics of Dual Fluidized Beds",slug:"hydrodynamics-of-dual-fluidized-beds",totalDownloads:3396,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"M.K. Karmakar and P.K. Chatterjee",authors:[{id:"113012",title:"Dr",name:null,middleName:null,surname:"Karmakar",fullName:"Karmakar",slug:"karmakar"}]},{id:"31450",title:"Hydraulics of Sediment Transport",slug:"hydraulics-of-sediment-transport",totalDownloads:10290,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Yousef Hassanzadeh",authors:[{id:"65181",title:"Prof.",name:"Yousef",middleName:null,surname:"Hassanzadeh",fullName:"Yousef Hassanzadeh",slug:"yousef-hassanzadeh"}]},{id:"31451",title:"Study on the Interaction Between Tsunami Bore and Cylindrical Structure with Weir",slug:"study-on-the-interaction-between-tsunami-bore-and-cylindrical-structure-with-weir",totalDownloads:2638,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"I. Wijatmiko and K. Murakami",authors:[{id:"110934",title:"Dr.",name:"Indradi",middleName:null,surname:"Wijatmiko",fullName:"Indradi Wijatmiko",slug:"indradi-wijatmiko"},{id:"110938",title:"Prof.",name:"Keisuke",middleName:null,surname:"Murakami",fullName:"Keisuke Murakami",slug:"keisuke-murakami"}]},{id:"31452",title:"Using the General Gamma Distribution to Represent the Droplet Size Distribution in a Spray Model",slug:"using-the-general-gamma-distribution-to-represent-the-droplet-size-distribution-in-a-spray-model",totalDownloads:4107,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Nwabueze G. Emekwuru",authors:[{id:"101206",title:"Dr.",name:"Nwabueze",middleName:null,surname:"Emekwuru",fullName:"Nwabueze Emekwuru",slug:"nwabueze-emekwuru"}]},{id:"31453",title:"Well Responses in Three-Zone Linear Composite Dual-Porosity Reservoirs",slug:"well-responses-in-three-zone-linear-composite-dual-porosity-reservoirs",totalDownloads:2631,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Jing-Jing Guo, Lie-Hui Zhang, Hai-Tao Wang and Qi-Guo Liu",authors:[{id:"107148",title:"Prof.",name:"Liehui",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",fullName:"Liehui Zhang",slug:"liehui-zhang"},{id:"112948",title:"Dr.",name:"Jingjing",middleName:null,surname:"Guo",fullName:"Jingjing Guo",slug:"jingjing-guo"},{id:"112950",title:"Prof.",name:"Qiguo",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",fullName:"Qiguo Liu",slug:"qiguo-liu"},{id:"138343",title:"Dr.",name:"Haitao",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Haitao Wang",slug:"haitao-wang"}]},{id:"31454",title:"Thermo-Hydrodynamics of Internally Heated Molten Salts for Innovative Nuclear Reactors",slug:"thermo-hydrodynamics-of-internally-heated-molten-salts-for-innovative-nuclear-reactors",totalDownloads:2452,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"Lelio Luzzi, Manuele Aufiero, Antonio Cammi and Carlo Fiorina",authors:[{id:"39676",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Cammi",fullName:"Antonio Cammi",slug:"antonio-cammi"},{id:"39677",title:"Dr.",name:"Lelio",middleName:null,surname:"Luzzi",fullName:"Lelio Luzzi",slug:"lelio-luzzi"},{id:"111425",title:"MSc.",name:"Manuele",middleName:null,surname:"Aufiero",fullName:"Manuele Aufiero",slug:"manuele-aufiero"},{id:"111566",title:"MSc.",name:"Carlo",middleName:null,surname:"Fiorina",fullName:"Carlo Fiorina",slug:"carlo-fiorina"}]},{id:"31455",title:"Measurement of Multiphase Flow Characteristics Via Image Analysis Techniques: The Fluidization Case Study",slug:"measurement-of-multiphase-flow-characteristics-via-image-analysis-techniques-the-fluidization-case-s",totalDownloads:2739,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Antonio Busciglio, Giuseppa Vella and Giorgio Micale",authors:[{id:"73672",title:"Dr.",name:"Giorgio",middleName:"Domenico Maria",surname:"Micale",fullName:"Giorgio Micale",slug:"giorgio-micale"},{id:"138673",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Busciglio",fullName:"Antonio Busciglio",slug:"antonio-busciglio"},{id:"138674",title:"Dr.",name:"Giuseppa",middleName:null,surname:"Vella",fullName:"Giuseppa Vella",slug:"giuseppa-vella"}]},{id:"31456",title:"Hydrodynamically Confined Flow Devices",slug:"hydrodynamically-confined-flow-devices",totalDownloads:2036,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Alar Ainla, Gavin Jeffries and Aldo Jesorka",authors:[{id:"114596",title:"Dr",name:null,middleName:null,surname:"Jesorka",fullName:"Jesorka",slug:"jesorka"}]},{id:"31457",title:"Actual Problems of Hydrodynamics at Internal Not-Isothermal Flows in Fields of Mass Forces",slug:"actual-problems-of-hydrodynamics-at-internal-not-isothermal-flows-in-fields-of-mass-forces",totalDownloads:1873,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Sergey Kharlamov",authors:[{id:"104964",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergey",middleName:"Nikolaevich",surname:"Kharlamov",fullName:"Sergey Kharlamov",slug:"sergey-kharlamov"}]},{id:"31458",title:"Numerical Wave Flumes Based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics",slug:"numerical-wave-flumes-based-on-smoothed-particle-hydrodynamics",totalDownloads:2868,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Jinhai Zheng, Gang Wang, Chi Zhang and Yingqi Liu",authors:[{id:"105318",title:"Dr.",name:"Jin - Hai",middleName:null,surname:"Zheng",fullName:"Jin - Hai Zheng",slug:"jin-hai-zheng"},{id:"117805",title:"Dr.",name:"Gang",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Gang Wang",slug:"gang-wang"},{id:"117808",title:"Dr.",name:"Chi",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",fullName:"Chi Zhang",slug:"chi-zhang"},{id:"117811",title:"MSc.",name:"Yingqi",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",fullName:"Yingqi Liu",slug:"yingqi-liu"}]},{id:"31459",title:"Lattice Boltzmann Simulation for Shallow Water Flow Applications",slug:"lattice-boltzmann-simulation-for-shallow-water-flow-applications",totalDownloads:3809,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Mapundi K. Banda and Mohammed Seaid",authors:[{id:"63421",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:null,surname:"Seaid",fullName:"Mohammed Seaid",slug:"mohammed-seaid"},{id:"79546",title:"Prof.",name:"Mapundi",middleName:"Kondwani",surname:"Banda",fullName:"Mapundi Banda",slug:"mapundi-banda"}]},{id:"31460",title:"The Numerical Simulation of Hydrodynamics of Fishing Net Cage",slug:"the-numerical-simulation-of-hydrodynamics-of-fishing-net-cage",totalDownloads:2655,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Yunpeng Zhao, Tiaojian Xu, Chunwei Bi, Guohai Dong and Shengcong Liu",authors:[{id:"80650",title:"Prof.",name:"Guo-Hai",middleName:null,surname:"Dong",fullName:"Guo-Hai Dong",slug:"guo-hai-dong"},{id:"84719",title:"Dr.",name:"Yun-Peng",middleName:null,surname:"Zhao",fullName:"Yun-Peng Zhao",slug:"yun-peng-zhao"},{id:"107177",title:"Dr.",name:"Bi",middleName:null,surname:"Chun-Wei",fullName:"Bi Chun-Wei",slug:"bi-chun-wei"},{id:"107178",title:"Dr.",name:"Tiao- Jian",middleName:null,surname:"Xu",fullName:"Tiao- Jian Xu",slug:"tiao-jian-xu"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10162",title:"A Diffusion Hydrodynamic Model",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a8c90b653db4fa7a59132d39cca185d8",slug:"a-diffusion-hydrodynamic-model",bookSignature:"Theodore V. Hromadka II, Chung-Cheng Yen and Prasada Rao",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10162.jpg",editedByType:"Authored by",editors:[{id:"181008",title:"Dr.",name:"Theodore V.",surname:"Hromadka II",slug:"theodore-v.-hromadka-ii",fullName:"Theodore V. Hromadka II"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"4",chapterContentType:"compact",authoredCaption:"Authored by"},chapters:[{id:"72843",title:"Diffusion Hydrodynamic Model Theoretical Development",slug:"diffusion-hydrodynamic-model-theoretical-development",signatures:"Theodore V. Hromadka II and Chung-Cheng Yen",authors:[{id:"181008",title:"Dr.",name:"Theodore V.",middleName:"V.",surname:"Hromadka II",fullName:"Theodore V. Hromadka II",slug:"theodore-v.-hromadka-ii"}]},{id:"72798",title:"Verification of Diffusion Hydrodynamic Model",slug:"verification-of-diffusion-hydrodynamic-model",signatures:"Theodore V. Hromadka II and Chung-Cheng Yen",authors:[{id:"181008",title:"Dr.",name:"Theodore V.",middleName:"V.",surname:"Hromadka II",fullName:"Theodore V. Hromadka II",slug:"theodore-v.-hromadka-ii"}]},{id:"72808",title:"Program Description of the Diffusion Hydrodynamic Model",slug:"program-description-of-the-diffusion-hydrodynamic-model",signatures:"Theodore V. Hromadka II and Chung-Cheng Yen",authors:[{id:"181008",title:"Dr.",name:"Theodore V.",middleName:"V.",surname:"Hromadka II",fullName:"Theodore V. Hromadka II",slug:"theodore-v.-hromadka-ii"}]},{id:"72824",title:"Applications of Diffusion Hydrodynamic Model",slug:"applications-of-diffusion-hydrodynamic-model",signatures:"Theodore V. Hromadka II and Chung-Cheng Yen",authors:[{id:"181008",title:"Dr.",name:"Theodore V.",middleName:"V.",surname:"Hromadka II",fullName:"Theodore V. Hromadka II",slug:"theodore-v.-hromadka-ii"}]},{id:"72800",title:"Reduction of the Diffusion Hydrodynamic Model to Kinematic Routing",slug:"reduction-of-the-diffusion-hydrodynamic-model-to-kinematic-routing",signatures:"Theodore V. Hromadka II and Chung-Cheng Yen",authors:[{id:"181008",title:"Dr.",name:"Theodore V.",middleName:"V.",surname:"Hromadka II",fullName:"Theodore V. Hromadka II",slug:"theodore-v.-hromadka-ii"}]},{id:"72844",title:"Comparison of DHM Results for One- and Two-Dimensional Flows with Experimental and Numerical Data",slug:"comparison-of-dhm-results-for-one-and-two-dimensional-flows-with-experimental-and-numerical-data",signatures:"Theodore V. Hromadka II and Prasada Rao",authors:[{id:"181008",title:"Dr.",name:"Theodore V.",middleName:"V.",surname:"Hromadka II",fullName:"Theodore V. Hromadka II",slug:"theodore-v.-hromadka-ii"}]}]}]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"74752",title:"Dyslipidemia and Endocrine Disorder",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.95756",slug:"dyslipidemia-and-endocrine-disorder",body:'\nDifferent scientific journal define dyslipidemia in different ways but the idea is the same. Dyslipidemia defined as unhealthy levels of one or more kinds of the following lipid particles in the blood; high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglycerides, cholesterol and others. In other words, dyslipidemia could be explained as disorder of lipoprotein metabolism and the condition could be either hyperlipoproteinemia or hypolipoproteinemia [1]. Higher plasma level of atherogenic and immunogenic lipid particles such as LDL, triacylglycerol, cholesterol and small density lipoprotein and lower plasma level of HDL are indicators of dyslipidemia [2].
\nLipids are water-insoluble heterogeneous organic molecules and can be extracted from tissues by nonpolar solvents. As a result of its nature body lipids are generally found compartmentalized, and could exist as membrane-associated lipids or droplets of triacylglycerol in adipocytes, or transported in plasma in association with protein. Its chemical nature makes lipids as a major source of energy for the body and hydrophobic barrier. In addition, lipids act as a precursor for synthesis important biomolecules like fat-soluble vitamins, prostaglandins and steroid hormones and others [3].
\nAn endocrine gland secretes hormone into the blood and traveled to target cells or tissues located elsewhere in the body where they have specific receptor. Accordingly target cell and tissue produce unique response. Hormones are responsible to regulate most biological activity in the body essential for survival and reproduction [4]. Every physiological activity; sleeping, drinking, feeding, growth, aging and others needs the involvement of hormones [5].
\nHormones like leptin, insulin and adiponectin influence lipid metabolism and plasma lipid profile level which is associated with obesity. Leptin and adiponectin regulate lipid metabolism and increase fatty acid oxidation in the peripheral tissue by activating adenosine monophosphate (AMP) dependent kinase pathway. In addition, adiponectin increase insulin sensitivity to tissue thereby it decreases triacylglycerol and downregulate its plasma level [6]. Currently number of studies explain that dyslipidemia induce endocrine dysfunction and the reverse is also possible. In addition, biochemical assessment of dyslipidemia is used to monitor clinical course and progress of endocrinological diseases. Similarly, biochemical analysis of hormones helps to assess the outcome of antidyslipidemic drugs and prognoses the condition dyslipidemia [7].
\nLipids are one of the most important macromolecules; used by our body as energy source, structural components of cell membrane, precursor for synthesis of steroid hormones and fat-soluble vitamins etc. There are also essential fatty acids like linolic and linolenic which are necessary for normal biological activity and human body cannot synthesis them. Knowing lipid biochemistry and its metabolic disorder (dyslipidemia) is necessary in understanding the biomedical areas of non-communicable disease like hypertension, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, obesity, nutritional value of unsaturated fatty acids and others [8].
\nAccording to the world health organization 2015 report non-communicable disease (NCDs) are responsible for up to 70% of deaths and these are hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases. Majority of NCDs cases and deaths are observed in low- and middle-income countries. The report shows that tobacco, insufficient physical activity, harmful use of alcohol, unhealthy diet, raised blood pressure, overweight and obesity, raised cholesterol, cancer-associated infections and others are the major risk factors for NCDs [9, 10].
\nNumber of studies showed that dyslipidemia used as a biomarker and risk factor for different NCDs and it is highly associated with one or more hormone disfunction. For example, deficiency or defect in insulin action among diabetes induce dyslipidemia and it is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Dyslipidemia is the common finding among different types of diabetes. Across suctional study done by Hrishow et al. found that 73% male and 71% female of diabetic patients were dyslipidemic [11]. Another similar study done by Bekele S. et al. in Ethiopia revealed that 65.6% of diabetic patients were dyslipidemic. Plasma level of LDL, total cholesterol and triacyclglycerols were higher while HDL was lower among diabetic patients [12]. Similarly, number of recent studies showed that dyslipidemia has significant association with cancer and progress of the disease. Lipids are major constituents of cell and disorder in lipid metabolism can affect the normal integration of cell which may leads to cancerous. On the other side treatment for cancer patients specially chemotherapy induce dyslipidemia. In addition, oxidative modification of lipoprotein induces different inflammatory pathways and this enhance cell proliferation and migration and inhibit normal cell apoptosis [13]. Review done by Cedó L. et al. indicated that higher total serum cholesterol level is linked with higher risk of colorectum, colon, prostate and testicular cancer and lower risk of stomach, liver and hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues cancer. There was positive association between serum triglycerides and esophageal, colorectal, lung, renal, thyroid cancer [14]. Effective management of cholesterol may help to control the risk of cancer cases. Study by Macleod LC et al. stated that elevated LDL and impaired fasting glucose are highly associated with prostate cancer and management on them help to get better treatment outcome at the end [15].
\nNumber of studies explained that dyslipidemia is a common risk factor for different types of cardiovascular disease. A 6 year follow up prospective cohort study done by Hedayatnia M et al. explained that serum LDL-C, TC, and TG levels were positively associated with the risk of total CVD events and the primary target of lipid-lowering therapy with statin is to reduce risk of CVD [16, 17]. Events of dyslipidemia occurred among patients with different infectious disease like HIV and TB increase risk of atherosclerosis and finally leads CVD. The infectious disease itself and the drugs given for that are responsible to induce dyslipidemia [18, 19].
\nSurvival of living organism like humans relies on wellbeing of vital internal organs; brain, liver, heart, lung and others. An organ which exists in most multicellular organisms is a collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to serve a common function. Normal and functional liver is responsible for healthy metabolism of lipids. Study done by Unger LW
Brain is one of very important vital organ for normal function of all other body organ and organ system. Studies indicated that dyslipidemia can affect the integrity and function of brain and significantly associated with number brain disorder like Alzheimer’s Disease. A one year follow up study done on 36 subjects with Alzheimer’s Disease by Bowman GL.
Bones which are found in different shapes and sizes have many roles in wellbeing life and its health has intimate association with normal metabolism of lipids. Evidence indicated that highly increased adipocyte can be independent risk factor for osteoporosis and disorder of bone metabolism [26, 27]. Oxidation products of lipids as a result of hyperlipidemia can be accumulated in the subendothelial spaces of vasculature and bone and these affect the normal developments of bone negatively. Study done on mice by Pirih F
Disorder in lipid metabolism is a multifactorial problem; genetic and environmental risk factors are very important modulators. Number of studies explain that dyslipidemia has significant association with age, sex and educational status and others. Dyslipidemia affect the normal health in number of ways and the mechanism is complex. Diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and other noncommunicable disease have direct or indirect relation with dyslipidemia. And most of non-communicable disease have endocrine bases; as a result, deep analysis of endocrine disorder and dyslipidemia is very crucial. For example, in cancers of the breast, prostate, testes, cervices, pancreas, thyroid and others patients have abnormal lipid profile and all the cases have hormonal problems. A cross sectional study done by Altahir WHM
There is clear evidence as chronic elevation of triacylglycerol in the blood cause islet alpha- and beta-cells dysfunction. In the general obese population; fasting level of insulin and glucagon have positive correlation with lipid parameters. Level of glucagon is clear informative of glucose tolerance and the mechanism how elevated fatty acids affect islet-cells is through inactivation of G-protein coupled receptor called Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) [32]. Cholesterol can modulate different metabolic pathways like signal transduction and gene expression in numbers of ways. Many studies showed that cholesterol level in the blood affect the secretion and function of insulin from beta-cell of pancreas. Animal model study done by Hao M
Steroid hormones like sex hormones are synthesized from cholesterol, so the normal concentration of cholesterol is responsible for normal sexual development of an individual. Production, secretion and degradation of factors that are involved in function of sex hormones like Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) are regulated with lipid panels of individual. Study done by Park G
An endocrine system secretes specific chemicals, called hormones into the blood and travel through the blood to target cells or tissues that they induce a particular response or action. Hormones involved in regulation of biological activities like growth, reproduction, metabolism of biomolecules (protein, lipids, carbohydrate, nucleic acids and others). Endocrine disorders are among the most common medical problems faced by individual in both sexes. Defect in synthesis, storage, secretion and action of hormones can seriously affects normal biological activities of individuals in number of ways. One of the most important system affected as a result of endocrine disorder is lipid metabolism and these in turn risk for developments of different non-communicable diseases. Diabetes mellitus is one common endocrinological disorder and it leads to dyslipidemia. Cross-sectional study done by Xi Y
Higher level of growth hormone and factors like insulin like growth factor-1(IGF-1) leads to a medical problem called acromegaly. And these conditions alter the metabolism of biomolecules and activity of other hormones like insulin thereby risk for cardiovascular disease mainly by inducing dyslipidemia. Study done by Keskin H
One important steroid hormone called cortisol is responsible to regulates a wide range of vital biological processes including metabolism of biomolecules and immune response throughout the body. Cortisol is made in the cortex of the adrenal glands and released into the blood. Most of body cells have receptor for cortisol so that it produces different effect. Cortisol secretion regulated by close interaction of hypothalamus, pituitary gland and adrenal gland. One of the metabolic process regulated by cortisol is lipid metabolism. Study done by Djurhuus C. B. showed that cortisol is a potent stimulus of lipolysis in both femoral and abdominal adipose tissue [40]. Hypersecretion of cortisol which resulted from altered function of hypothalamus, pituitary gland and adrenal gland can leads to dyslipidemia. The mechanism by which cortisol disturb lipid metabolism is vary; initiate lipolysis, free fatty acid production and turnover, VLDL synthesis and fatty accumulation in liver and adipose tissue. Modulation of insulin sensitivity and adenosine monophosphate kinas (AMPK) activities are the key by which glucocorticoid-induced dyslipidemia will develop. In addition, defects of the glucocorticoid receptor affecting cortisol sensitivity is involved in lipid metabolism disorder and risk for cardiovascular disease [41].
\nSimilarly, sex hormones are responsible in regulating metabolism lipids and any disorder regarding these sex hormones leads to dyslipidemia. In study done by Yeasmin N
Lipids are a group of fats and fat-like substances that are important constituents of cells and sources of energy. Assessments lipid panel is simply qualitative and quantitative determination of the specific lipid parameters in the blood. Lipid profile test commonly performed to evaluate cardiovascular diseases including coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), coronary insufficiency, angina, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, transient ischemic attack, peripheral artery disease (PAD) and heart failure. Directly or indirectly all the above cases related with endocrine disorder. In addition, evaluation of TG/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C ratios are useful markers of metabolic syndrome with high predictive value in general population. Studies showed that LDL-C, total cholesterol, triglyceride and apolipoproteinB (apoB) can serves as biomarker Cushing syndrome [44]. Similarly, one or more lipid profile abnormality is common prior to type 2 diabetes [45]. In general, in most of endocrine disease dyslipidemia is common and physician who suspect his patients have hormonal problem should order lipid profile test [46].
\nDyslipidemia is an abnormal amount of lipids commonly triglycerides, cholesterol LDL-C, HDL.C and other in the blood and it is highly prevalent among patients with noncommunicable disease. Each and every lipid profile parameter abnormality has direct or indirect relation with endocrine disorder. Even though it needs more extended research disorder in lipid metabolism induce hormonal dysfunction and the reverse also possible.
\nThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Availability of data and material: All necessary data and materials related to the chapter are included in the chapter.
\nThis review chapter is not funded by any person or organization (not funded).
\nMezgeu Legesse Habte drafted the paper and write the literature review. Etsegenet Assefa and Teka Obsa assisted in guidance, critical assessment and peer review of the writing. All authors have given their final approval of this version to be published. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
\nIntechOpen Compacts provide a mid-length publishing format which bridges the gap between journal articles, book chapters and monographs, and cover content across all scientific disciplines. Compacts are the preferred publishing option for brief research reports on new topics, in-depth case studies, dissertations, or essays exploring new ideas, issues or broader topics on the research subject.
",metaTitle:"IntechOpen Compacts",metaDescription:"IntechOpen Compacts present a mid-length publishing format which bridges the gap between journal articles, book chapters, and monographs and covers content across all scientific disciplines.",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"/page/compacts",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"Without sacrificing the quality of carefully edited and produced peer-reviewed content, Compacts are published as part of IntechOpen’s book collection but on a faster schedule, typically 4-6 weeks after acceptance. With an average of 132,000 visitors per week, publishing in Compacts not only guarantees high visibility but also facilitates international content sharing. As a fully Open Access publisher, the utilization of a CC BY NC 4.0 license means that other researchers will never have to pay permission fees and can adapt, use, and further build upon the material published in Compacts, eliminating any barriers to the further development of scientific research.
\\n\\nCOMPACTS-SHORT FORM MONOGRAPH
\\n\\nCOST
\\n\\n4,000 GBP Compacts Monograph - Short Form
\\n\\nThe final price will depend on the volume of the publication and includes project management, editorial and peer-review services, technical editing, language copyediting, cover design, book layout, book promotion and ISBN assignment.
\\n\\n*The price does not include Value-Added Tax (VAT). Residents of European Union countries need to add VAT based on the specific rate applicable in their country of residence. Institutions and companies registered as VAT taxable entities in their own EU member state will not pay VAT by providing us with their VAT registration number. This is made possible by the EU reverse charge method.
\\n\\nOptional Services
\\n\\nIntechOpen has collaborated with Enago, through its sister company, Ulatus – one of the world’s leading providers of book translation services. The services are designed to convey the essence of your work seamlessly to readers from across the globe in their own language. Enago’s expert translators incorporate cultural nuances in translations to make the content relevant for local audiences while retaining the original meaning and style. With a high degree of linguistic and subject expertise, Enago translators are equipped to handle all complex and multiple overlapping themes encompassed in a single book to deliver a superior quality of translation.
\\n\\nIntechOpen Authors that wish to use this service will receive a 20% discount on all translation work. For more information or a quote, please visit: https://www.enago.com/intech.
\\n\\nFUNDING
\\n\\nWe feel that financial barriers should never prevent researchers from publishing their research. Please consult our Open Access Funding page to explore funding opportunities and learn more about how you can finance your IntechOpen publication.
\\n\\nBENEFITS
\\n\\nPUBLISHING PROCESS STEPS
\\n\\nSee a complete overview and description of the steps involved in the publishing process here.
\\n\\nSEND YOUR PROPOSAL
\\n\\nIf you are interested in publishing your book with IntechOpen, please submit your book proposal by completing the Publishing Proposal Form.
\\n\\nNot sure if this is the right option for you? Please refer back to the main Publish with IntechOpen page or feel free to contact us directly at book.department@intechopen.com
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'Without sacrificing the quality of carefully edited and produced peer-reviewed content, Compacts are published as part of IntechOpen’s book collection but on a faster schedule, typically 4-6 weeks after acceptance. With an average of 132,000 visitors per week, publishing in Compacts not only guarantees high visibility but also facilitates international content sharing. As a fully Open Access publisher, the utilization of a CC BY NC 4.0 license means that other researchers will never have to pay permission fees and can adapt, use, and further build upon the material published in Compacts, eliminating any barriers to the further development of scientific research.
\n\nCOMPACTS-SHORT FORM MONOGRAPH
\n\nCOST
\n\n4,000 GBP Compacts Monograph - Short Form
\n\nThe final price will depend on the volume of the publication and includes project management, editorial and peer-review services, technical editing, language copyediting, cover design, book layout, book promotion and ISBN assignment.
\n\n*The price does not include Value-Added Tax (VAT). Residents of European Union countries need to add VAT based on the specific rate applicable in their country of residence. Institutions and companies registered as VAT taxable entities in their own EU member state will not pay VAT by providing us with their VAT registration number. This is made possible by the EU reverse charge method.
\n\nOptional Services
\n\nIntechOpen has collaborated with Enago, through its sister company, Ulatus – one of the world’s leading providers of book translation services. The services are designed to convey the essence of your work seamlessly to readers from across the globe in their own language. Enago’s expert translators incorporate cultural nuances in translations to make the content relevant for local audiences while retaining the original meaning and style. With a high degree of linguistic and subject expertise, Enago translators are equipped to handle all complex and multiple overlapping themes encompassed in a single book to deliver a superior quality of translation.
\n\nIntechOpen Authors that wish to use this service will receive a 20% discount on all translation work. For more information or a quote, please visit: https://www.enago.com/intech.
\n\nFUNDING
\n\nWe feel that financial barriers should never prevent researchers from publishing their research. Please consult our Open Access Funding page to explore funding opportunities and learn more about how you can finance your IntechOpen publication.
\n\nBENEFITS
\n\nPUBLISHING PROCESS STEPS
\n\nSee a complete overview and description of the steps involved in the publishing process here.
\n\nSEND YOUR PROPOSAL
\n\nIf you are interested in publishing your book with IntechOpen, please submit your book proposal by completing the Publishing Proposal Form.
\n\nNot sure if this is the right option for you? Please refer back to the main Publish with IntechOpen page or feel free to contact us directly at book.department@intechopen.com
\n'}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{sort:"featured,name"},profiles:[{id:"6700",title:"Dr.",name:"Abbass A.",middleName:null,surname:"Hashim",slug:"abbass-a.-hashim",fullName:"Abbass A. Hashim",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/6700/images/1864_n.jpg",biography:"Currently I am carrying out research in several areas of interest, mainly covering work on chemical and bio-sensors, semiconductor thin film device fabrication and characterisation.\nAt the moment I have very strong interest in radiation environmental pollution and bacteriology treatment. The teams of researchers are working very hard to bring novel results in this field. I am also a member of the team in charge for the supervision of Ph.D. students in the fields of development of silicon based planar waveguide sensor devices, study of inelastic electron tunnelling in planar tunnelling nanostructures for sensing applications and development of organotellurium(IV) compounds for semiconductor applications. I am a specialist in data analysis techniques and nanosurface structure. I have served as the editor for many books, been a member of the editorial board in science journals, have published many papers and hold many patents.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sheffield Hallam University",country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},{id:"54525",title:"Prof.",name:"Abdul Latif",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"abdul-latif-ahmad",fullName:"Abdul Latif Ahmad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"20567",title:"Prof.",name:"Ado",middleName:null,surname:"Jorio",slug:"ado-jorio",fullName:"Ado Jorio",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"47940",title:"Dr.",name:"Alberto",middleName:null,surname:"Mantovani",slug:"alberto-mantovani",fullName:"Alberto Mantovani",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"12392",title:"Mr.",name:"Alex",middleName:null,surname:"Lazinica",slug:"alex-lazinica",fullName:"Alex Lazinica",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/12392/images/7282_n.png",biography:"Alex Lazinica is the founder and CEO of IntechOpen. After obtaining a Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering, he continued his PhD studies in Robotics at the Vienna University of Technology. Here he worked as a robotic researcher with the university's Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Group as well as a guest researcher at various European universities, including the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL). During this time he published more than 20 scientific papers, gave presentations, served as a reviewer for major robotic journals and conferences and most importantly he co-founded and built the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems- world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics. Starting this journal was a pivotal point in his career, since it was a pathway to founding IntechOpen - Open Access publisher focused on addressing academic researchers needs. Alex is a personification of IntechOpen key values being trusted, open and entrepreneurial. Today his focus is on defining the growth and development strategy for the company.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",middleName:null,surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/19816/images/1607_n.jpg",biography:"Alexander I. Kokorin: born: 1947, Moscow; DSc., PhD; Principal Research Fellow (Research Professor) of Department of Kinetics and Catalysis, N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.\r\nArea of research interests: physical chemistry of complex-organized molecular and nanosized systems, including polymer-metal complexes; the surface of doped oxide semiconductors. He is an expert in structural, absorptive, catalytic and photocatalytic properties, in structural organization and dynamic features of ionic liquids, in magnetic interactions between paramagnetic centers. The author or co-author of 3 books, over 200 articles and reviews in scientific journals and books. He is an actual member of the International EPR/ESR Society, European Society on Quantum Solar Energy Conversion, Moscow House of Scientists, of the Board of Moscow Physical Society.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics",country:{name:"Russia"}}},{id:"62389",title:"PhD.",name:"Ali Demir",middleName:null,surname:"Sezer",slug:"ali-demir-sezer",fullName:"Ali Demir Sezer",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/62389/images/3413_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Ali Demir Sezer has a Ph.D. from Pharmaceutical Biotechnology at the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Marmara (Turkey). He is the member of many Pharmaceutical Associations and acts as a reviewer of scientific journals and European projects under different research areas such as: drug delivery systems, nanotechnology and pharmaceutical biotechnology. Dr. Sezer is the author of many scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals and poster communications. Focus of his research activity is drug delivery, physico-chemical characterization and biological evaluation of biopolymers micro and nanoparticles as modified drug delivery system, and colloidal drug carriers (liposomes, nanoparticles etc.).",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Marmara University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"61051",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"100762",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"St David's Medical Center",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"107416",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"64434",title:"Dr.",name:"Angkoon",middleName:null,surname:"Phinyomark",slug:"angkoon-phinyomark",fullName:"Angkoon Phinyomark",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/64434/images/2619_n.jpg",biography:"My name is Angkoon Phinyomark. I received a B.Eng. degree in Computer Engineering with First Class Honors in 2008 from Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, where I received a Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering. My research interests are primarily in the area of biomedical signal processing and classification notably EMG (electromyography signal), EOG (electrooculography signal), and EEG (electroencephalography signal), image analysis notably breast cancer analysis and optical coherence tomography, and rehabilitation engineering. I became a student member of IEEE in 2008. During October 2011-March 2012, I had worked at School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom. In addition, during a B.Eng. I had been a visiting research student at Faculty of Computer Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain for three months.\n\nI have published over 40 papers during 5 years in refereed journals, books, and conference proceedings in the areas of electro-physiological signals processing and classification, notably EMG and EOG signals, fractal analysis, wavelet analysis, texture analysis, feature extraction and machine learning algorithms, and assistive and rehabilitative devices. I have several computer programming language certificates, i.e. Sun Certified Programmer for the Java 2 Platform 1.4 (SCJP), Microsoft Certified Professional Developer, Web Developer (MCPD), Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist, .NET Framework 2.0 Web (MCTS). I am a Reviewer for several refereed journals and international conferences, such as IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Optic Letters, Measurement Science Review, and also a member of the International Advisory Committee for 2012 IEEE Business Engineering and Industrial Applications and 2012 IEEE Symposium on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Joseph Fourier University",country:{name:"France"}}},{id:"55578",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Jurado-Navas",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",fullName:"Antonio Jurado-Navas",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/55578/images/4574_n.png",biography:"Antonio Jurado-Navas received the M.S. degree (2002) and the Ph.D. degree (2009) in Telecommunication Engineering, both from the University of Málaga (Spain). He first worked as a consultant at Vodafone-Spain. From 2004 to 2011, he was a Research Assistant with the Communications Engineering Department at the University of Málaga. In 2011, he became an Assistant Professor in the same department. From 2012 to 2015, he was with Ericsson Spain, where he was working on geo-location\ntools for third generation mobile networks. Since 2015, he is a Marie-Curie fellow at the Denmark Technical University. His current research interests include the areas of mobile communication systems and channel modeling in addition to atmospheric optical communications, adaptive optics and statistics",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Malaga",country:{name:"Spain"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:5817},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:5282},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:1755},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:10511},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:906},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:15915}],offset:12,limit:12,total:119159},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{topicId:"20"},books:[{type:"book",id:"10672",title:"Nonlinear Optics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"cfe87b713a8bee22c19361b86b03d506",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Boris I. Lembrikov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10672.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"2359",title:"Dr.",name:"Boris",surname:"Lembrikov",slug:"boris-lembrikov",fullName:"Boris Lembrikov"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10674",title:"Topics on Quantum Information Science",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"d7481712cff0157cd8f849cba865727d",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Sergio Curilef and Dr. Angel Ricardo Plastino",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10674.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"125424",title:"Prof.",name:"Sergio",surname:"Curilef",slug:"sergio-curilef",fullName:"Sergio Curilef"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10852",title:"Electromagnetic Compatibility",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"f5d2cce3a2adbd5d108d3301ee97025b",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Ahmed Kishk",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10852.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"150146",title:"Dr.",name:"Ahmed",surname:"Kishk",slug:"ahmed-kishk",fullName:"Ahmed Kishk"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10921",title:"Plasma Science and Technology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"c45670ef4b081fd9eebaf911b2b4627b",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Aamir Shahzad",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10921.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"288354",title:"Dr.",name:"Aamir",surname:"Shahzad",slug:"aamir-shahzad",fullName:"Aamir Shahzad"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10956",title:"Pulsed Lasers",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"88bd906b149fc3d1c5d6fdbd9916826c",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10956.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:27},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:24},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:46},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Technology",value:24,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:2}],offset:12,limit:12,total:5},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8472",title:"Bioactive Compounds in Nutraceutical and Functional Food for Good Human Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8855452919b8495810ef8e88641feb20",slug:"bioactive-compounds-in-nutraceutical-and-functional-food-for-good-human-health",bookSignature:"Kavita Sharma, Kanchan Mishra, Kula Kamal Senapati and Corina Danciu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8472.jpg",editors:[{id:"197731",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavita",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"kavita-sharma",fullName:"Kavita Sharma"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9685",title:"Agroecosystems",subtitle:"Very Complex Environmental Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c44f7b43a9f9610c243dc32300d37df6",slug:"agroecosystems-very-complex-environmental-systems",bookSignature:"Marcelo L. Larramendy and Sonia Soloneski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9685.jpg",editors:[{id:"14764",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcelo L.",middleName:null,surname:"Larramendy",slug:"marcelo-l.-larramendy",fullName:"Marcelo L. Larramendy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8564",title:"Cell Interaction",subtitle:"Molecular and Immunological Basis for Disease Management",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"98d7f080d80524285f091e72a8e92a6d",slug:"cell-interaction-molecular-and-immunological-basis-for-disease-management",bookSignature:"Bhawana Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8564.jpg",editors:[{id:"315192",title:"Dr.",name:"Bhawana",middleName:null,surname:"Singh",slug:"bhawana-singh",fullName:"Bhawana Singh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9629",title:"Electroencephalography",subtitle:"From Basic Research to Clinical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8147834b6c6deeeec40f407c71ad60b4",slug:"electroencephalography-from-basic-research-to-clinical-applications",bookSignature:"Hideki Nakano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9629.jpg",editors:[{id:"196461",title:"Prof.",name:"Hideki",middleName:null,surname:"Nakano",slug:"hideki-nakano",fullName:"Hideki Nakano"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8760",title:"Structure Topology and Symplectic Geometry",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8974840985ec3652492c83e20233bf02",slug:"structure-topology-and-symplectic-geometry",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah and Min Lei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8760.jpg",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9161",title:"Frailty in the Elderly",subtitle:"Understanding and Managing Complexity",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a4f0f2fade8fb8ba35c405f5ad31a823",slug:"frailty-in-the-elderly-understanding-and-managing-complexity",bookSignature:"Sara Palermo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9161.jpg",editors:[{id:"233998",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sara",middleName:null,surname:"Palermo",slug:"sara-palermo",fullName:"Sara Palermo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8445",title:"Dam Engineering",subtitle:"Recent Advances in Design and Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a7e4d2ecbc65d78fa7582e0d2e143906",slug:"dam-engineering-recent-advances-in-design-and-analysis",bookSignature:"Zhongzhi Fu and Erich Bauer",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8445.jpg",editors:[{id:"249577",title:"Dr.",name:"Zhongzhi",middleName:null,surname:"Fu",slug:"zhongzhi-fu",fullName:"Zhongzhi Fu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9385",title:"Renewable Energy",subtitle:"Technologies and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a6b446d19166f17f313008e6c056f3d8",slug:"renewable-energy-technologies-and-applications",bookSignature:"Tolga Taner, Archana Tiwari and Taha Selim Ustun",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9385.jpg",editors:[{id:"197240",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Tolga",middleName:null,surname:"Taner",slug:"tolga-taner",fullName:"Tolga Taner"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"186791",title:"Dr.",name:"Archana",middleName:null,surname:"Tiwari",slug:"archana-tiwari",fullName:"Archana Tiwari",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/186791/images/system/186791.jpg",biography:"Dr. Archana Tiwari is Associate Professor at Amity University, India. Her research interests include renewable sources of energy from microalgae and further utilizing the residual biomass for the generation of value-added products, bioremediation through microalgae and microbial consortium, antioxidative enzymes and stress, and nutraceuticals from microalgae. She has been working on algal biotechnology for the last two decades. She has published her research in many international journals and has authored many books and chapters with renowned publishing houses. She has also delivered talks as an invited speaker at many national and international conferences. Dr. Tiwari is the recipient of several awards including Researcher of the Year and Distinguished Scientist.",institutionString:"Amity University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Amity University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}},equalEditorTwo:{id:"197609",title:"Prof.",name:"Taha Selim",middleName:null,surname:"Ustun",slug:"taha-selim-ustun",fullName:"Taha Selim Ustun",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/197609/images/system/197609.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Taha Selim Ustun received a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. He is a researcher with the Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA), where he leads the Smart Grid Cybersecurity Laboratory. Prior to that, he was a faculty member with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. His current research interests include power systems protection, communication in power networks, distributed generation, microgrids, electric vehicle integration, and cybersecurity in smart grids. He serves on the editorial boards of IEEE Access, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Energies, Electronics, Electricity, World Electric Vehicle and Information journals. Dr. Ustun is a member of the IEEE 2004 and 2800, IEC Renewable Energy Management WG 8, and IEC TC 57 WG17. He has been invited to run specialist courses in Africa, India, and China. He has delivered talks for the Qatar Foundation, the World Energy Council, the Waterloo Global Science Initiative, and the European Union Energy Initiative (EUEI). His research has attracted funding from prestigious programs in Japan, Australia, the European Union, and North America.",institutionString:"Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA)",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8937",title:"Soil Moisture Importance",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3951728ace7f135451d66b72e9908b47",slug:"soil-moisture-importance",bookSignature:"Ram Swaroop Meena and Rahul Datta",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8937.jpg",editors:[{id:"313528",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Ram Swaroop",middleName:null,surname:"Meena",slug:"ram-swaroop-meena",fullName:"Ram Swaroop Meena"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7031",title:"Liver Pathology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"631321b0565459ed0175917f1c8c727f",slug:"liver-pathology",bookSignature:"Vijay Gayam and Omer Engin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7031.jpg",editors:[{id:"273100",title:"Dr.",name:"Vijay",middleName:null,surname:"Gayam",slug:"vijay-gayam",fullName:"Vijay Gayam"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8158",title:"Veganism",subtitle:"a Fashion Trend or Food as a Medicine",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d8e51fc25a379e5b92a270addbb4351d",slug:"veganism-a-fashion-trend-or-food-as-a-medicine",bookSignature:"Miljana Z. Jovandaric",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8158.jpg",editors:[{id:"268043",title:"Dr.",name:"Miljana Z.",middleName:"Z",surname:"Jovandaric",slug:"miljana-z.-jovandaric",fullName:"Miljana Z. Jovandaric"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"2160",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications - Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dd9c658341fbd264ed4f8d9e6aa8ca29",slug:"matlab-a-fundamental-tool-for-scientific-computing-and-engineering-applications-volume-1",bookSignature:"Vasilios N. Katsikis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2160.jpg",editors:[{id:"12289",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasilios",middleName:"N.",surname:"Katsikis",slug:"vasilios-katsikis",fullName:"Vasilios Katsikis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:5314},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8472",title:"Bioactive Compounds in Nutraceutical and Functional Food for Good Human Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8855452919b8495810ef8e88641feb20",slug:"bioactive-compounds-in-nutraceutical-and-functional-food-for-good-human-health",bookSignature:"Kavita Sharma, Kanchan Mishra, Kula Kamal Senapati and Corina Danciu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8472.jpg",editors:[{id:"197731",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavita",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"kavita-sharma",fullName:"Kavita Sharma"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9685",title:"Agroecosystems",subtitle:"Very Complex Environmental Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c44f7b43a9f9610c243dc32300d37df6",slug:"agroecosystems-very-complex-environmental-systems",bookSignature:"Marcelo L. Larramendy and Sonia Soloneski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9685.jpg",editors:[{id:"14764",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcelo L.",middleName:null,surname:"Larramendy",slug:"marcelo-l.-larramendy",fullName:"Marcelo L. Larramendy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8564",title:"Cell Interaction",subtitle:"Molecular and Immunological Basis for Disease Management",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"98d7f080d80524285f091e72a8e92a6d",slug:"cell-interaction-molecular-and-immunological-basis-for-disease-management",bookSignature:"Bhawana Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8564.jpg",editors:[{id:"315192",title:"Dr.",name:"Bhawana",middleName:null,surname:"Singh",slug:"bhawana-singh",fullName:"Bhawana Singh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9629",title:"Electroencephalography",subtitle:"From Basic Research to Clinical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8147834b6c6deeeec40f407c71ad60b4",slug:"electroencephalography-from-basic-research-to-clinical-applications",bookSignature:"Hideki Nakano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9629.jpg",editors:[{id:"196461",title:"Prof.",name:"Hideki",middleName:null,surname:"Nakano",slug:"hideki-nakano",fullName:"Hideki Nakano"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8760",title:"Structure Topology and Symplectic Geometry",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8974840985ec3652492c83e20233bf02",slug:"structure-topology-and-symplectic-geometry",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah and Min Lei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8760.jpg",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9161",title:"Frailty in the Elderly",subtitle:"Understanding and Managing Complexity",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a4f0f2fade8fb8ba35c405f5ad31a823",slug:"frailty-in-the-elderly-understanding-and-managing-complexity",bookSignature:"Sara Palermo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9161.jpg",editors:[{id:"233998",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sara",middleName:null,surname:"Palermo",slug:"sara-palermo",fullName:"Sara Palermo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8445",title:"Dam Engineering",subtitle:"Recent Advances in Design and Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a7e4d2ecbc65d78fa7582e0d2e143906",slug:"dam-engineering-recent-advances-in-design-and-analysis",bookSignature:"Zhongzhi Fu and Erich Bauer",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8445.jpg",editors:[{id:"249577",title:"Dr.",name:"Zhongzhi",middleName:null,surname:"Fu",slug:"zhongzhi-fu",fullName:"Zhongzhi Fu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9385",title:"Renewable Energy",subtitle:"Technologies and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a6b446d19166f17f313008e6c056f3d8",slug:"renewable-energy-technologies-and-applications",bookSignature:"Tolga Taner, Archana Tiwari and Taha Selim Ustun",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9385.jpg",editors:[{id:"197240",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Tolga",middleName:null,surname:"Taner",slug:"tolga-taner",fullName:"Tolga Taner"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"186791",title:"Dr.",name:"Archana",middleName:null,surname:"Tiwari",slug:"archana-tiwari",fullName:"Archana Tiwari",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/186791/images/system/186791.jpg",biography:"Dr. Archana Tiwari is Associate Professor at Amity University, India. Her research interests include renewable sources of energy from microalgae and further utilizing the residual biomass for the generation of value-added products, bioremediation through microalgae and microbial consortium, antioxidative enzymes and stress, and nutraceuticals from microalgae. She has been working on algal biotechnology for the last two decades. She has published her research in many international journals and has authored many books and chapters with renowned publishing houses. She has also delivered talks as an invited speaker at many national and international conferences. Dr. Tiwari is the recipient of several awards including Researcher of the Year and Distinguished Scientist.",institutionString:"Amity University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Amity University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}},equalEditorTwo:{id:"197609",title:"Prof.",name:"Taha Selim",middleName:null,surname:"Ustun",slug:"taha-selim-ustun",fullName:"Taha Selim Ustun",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/197609/images/system/197609.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Taha Selim Ustun received a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. He is a researcher with the Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA), where he leads the Smart Grid Cybersecurity Laboratory. Prior to that, he was a faculty member with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. His current research interests include power systems protection, communication in power networks, distributed generation, microgrids, electric vehicle integration, and cybersecurity in smart grids. He serves on the editorial boards of IEEE Access, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Energies, Electronics, Electricity, World Electric Vehicle and Information journals. Dr. Ustun is a member of the IEEE 2004 and 2800, IEC Renewable Energy Management WG 8, and IEC TC 57 WG17. He has been invited to run specialist courses in Africa, India, and China. He has delivered talks for the Qatar Foundation, the World Energy Council, the Waterloo Global Science Initiative, and the European Union Energy Initiative (EUEI). His research has attracted funding from prestigious programs in Japan, Australia, the European Union, and North America.",institutionString:"Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA)",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8937",title:"Soil Moisture Importance",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3951728ace7f135451d66b72e9908b47",slug:"soil-moisture-importance",bookSignature:"Ram Swaroop Meena and Rahul Datta",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8937.jpg",editors:[{id:"313528",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Ram Swaroop",middleName:null,surname:"Meena",slug:"ram-swaroop-meena",fullName:"Ram Swaroop Meena"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7031",title:"Liver Pathology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"631321b0565459ed0175917f1c8c727f",slug:"liver-pathology",bookSignature:"Vijay Gayam and Omer Engin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7031.jpg",editors:[{id:"273100",title:"Dr.",name:"Vijay",middleName:null,surname:"Gayam",slug:"vijay-gayam",fullName:"Vijay Gayam"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8472",title:"Bioactive Compounds in Nutraceutical and Functional Food for Good Human Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8855452919b8495810ef8e88641feb20",slug:"bioactive-compounds-in-nutraceutical-and-functional-food-for-good-human-health",bookSignature:"Kavita Sharma, Kanchan Mishra, Kula Kamal Senapati and Corina Danciu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8472.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"197731",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavita",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"kavita-sharma",fullName:"Kavita Sharma"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8760",title:"Structure Topology and Symplectic Geometry",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8974840985ec3652492c83e20233bf02",slug:"structure-topology-and-symplectic-geometry",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah and Min Lei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8760.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9536",title:"Education at the Intersection of Globalization and Technology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0cf6891060eb438d975d250e8b127ed6",slug:"education-at-the-intersection-of-globalization-and-technology",bookSignature:"Sharon Waller, Lee Waller, Vongai Mpofu and Mercy Kurebwa",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9536.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"263302",title:"Dr.",name:"Sharon",middleName:null,surname:"Waller",slug:"sharon-waller",fullName:"Sharon Waller"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8564",title:"Cell Interaction",subtitle:"Molecular and Immunological Basis for Disease Management",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"98d7f080d80524285f091e72a8e92a6d",slug:"cell-interaction-molecular-and-immunological-basis-for-disease-management",bookSignature:"Bhawana Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8564.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"315192",title:"Dr.",name:"Bhawana",middleName:null,surname:"Singh",slug:"bhawana-singh",fullName:"Bhawana Singh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9629",title:"Electroencephalography",subtitle:"From Basic Research to Clinical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8147834b6c6deeeec40f407c71ad60b4",slug:"electroencephalography-from-basic-research-to-clinical-applications",bookSignature:"Hideki Nakano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9629.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"196461",title:"Prof.",name:"Hideki",middleName:null,surname:"Nakano",slug:"hideki-nakano",fullName:"Hideki Nakano"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9685",title:"Agroecosystems",subtitle:"Very Complex Environmental Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c44f7b43a9f9610c243dc32300d37df6",slug:"agroecosystems-very-complex-environmental-systems",bookSignature:"Marcelo L. Larramendy and Sonia Soloneski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9685.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"14764",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcelo L.",middleName:null,surname:"Larramendy",slug:"marcelo-l.-larramendy",fullName:"Marcelo L. Larramendy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9524",title:"Organ Donation and Transplantation",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6ef47e03cd4e6476946fc28ca51de825",slug:"organ-donation-and-transplantation",bookSignature:"Vassil Mihaylov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9524.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"313113",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Vassil",middleName:null,surname:"Mihaylov",slug:"vassil-mihaylov",fullName:"Vassil Mihaylov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9280",title:"Underwater Work",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"647b4270d937deae4a82f5702d1959ec",slug:"underwater-work",bookSignature:"Sérgio António Neves Lousada",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9280.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"248645",title:"Dr.",name:"Sérgio António",middleName:null,surname:"Neves Lousada",slug:"sergio-antonio-neves-lousada",fullName:"Sérgio António Neves Lousada"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9161",title:"Frailty in the Elderly",subtitle:"Understanding and Managing Complexity",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a4f0f2fade8fb8ba35c405f5ad31a823",slug:"frailty-in-the-elderly-understanding-and-managing-complexity",bookSignature:"Sara Palermo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"233998",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sara",middleName:null,surname:"Palermo",slug:"sara-palermo",fullName:"Sara Palermo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8158",title:"Veganism",subtitle:"a Fashion Trend or Food as a Medicine",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d8e51fc25a379e5b92a270addbb4351d",slug:"veganism-a-fashion-trend-or-food-as-a-medicine",bookSignature:"Miljana Z. Jovandaric",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8158.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"268043",title:"Dr.",name:"Miljana Z.",middleName:"Z",surname:"Jovandaric",slug:"miljana-z.-jovandaric",fullName:"Miljana Z. Jovandaric"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"165",title:"Geometry & Topology",slug:"geometry-and-topology",parent:{title:"Mathematics",slug:"mathematics"},numberOfBooks:3,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:23,numberOfWosCitations:11,numberOfCrossrefCitations:7,numberOfDimensionsCitations:10,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicSlug:"geometry-and-topology",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"8760",title:"Structure Topology and Symplectic Geometry",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8974840985ec3652492c83e20233bf02",slug:"structure-topology-and-symplectic-geometry",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah and Min Lei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8760.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7342",title:"Manifolds II",subtitle:"Theory and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"97f5bd89a6e5006ea10d90df5a6df5a5",slug:"manifolds-ii-theory-and-applications",bookSignature:"Paul Bracken",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7342.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"92883",title:"Prof.",name:"Paul",middleName:null,surname:"Bracken",slug:"paul-bracken",fullName:"Paul Bracken"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5488",title:"Manifolds",subtitle:"Current Research Areas",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e1193790ca2c8027d4ffc6911dd24365",slug:"manifolds-current-research-areas",bookSignature:"Paul Bracken",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5488.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"92883",title:"Prof.",name:"Paul",middleName:null,surname:"Bracken",slug:"paul-bracken",fullName:"Paul Bracken"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:3,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"52886",doi:"10.5772/65903",title:"Head Pose Estimation via Manifold Learning",slug:"head-pose-estimation-via-manifold-learning",totalDownloads:1328,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:3,book:{slug:"manifolds-current-research-areas",title:"Manifolds",fullTitle:"Manifolds - Current Research Areas"},signatures:"Chao Wang, Yuanhao Guo and Xubo Song",authors:[{id:"190308",title:"Dr.",name:"Chao",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"chao-wang",fullName:"Chao Wang"},{id:"190461",title:"Prof.",name:"Xubo",middleName:null,surname:"Song",slug:"xubo-song",fullName:"Xubo Song"},{id:"191562",title:"MSc.",name:"Yuanhao",middleName:null,surname:"Guo",slug:"yuanhao-guo",fullName:"Yuanhao Guo"}]},{id:"63130",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79989",title:"Manifold Learning in Medical Imaging",slug:"manifold-learning-in-medical-imaging",totalDownloads:544,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:2,book:{slug:"manifolds-ii-theory-and-applications",title:"Manifolds II",fullTitle:"Manifolds II - Theory and Applications"},signatures:"Samuel Kadoury",authors:null},{id:"53713",doi:"10.5772/67008",title:"An Intrinsic Characterization of Bonnet Surfaces Based on a Closed Differential Ideal",slug:"an-intrinsic-characterization-of-bonnet-surfaces-based-on-a-closed-differential-ideal",totalDownloads:997,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:2,book:{slug:"manifolds-current-research-areas",title:"Manifolds",fullTitle:"Manifolds - Current Research Areas"},signatures:"Paul Bracken",authors:[{id:"92883",title:"Prof.",name:"Paul",middleName:null,surname:"Bracken",slug:"paul-bracken",fullName:"Paul Bracken"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"52886",title:"Head Pose Estimation via Manifold Learning",slug:"head-pose-estimation-via-manifold-learning",totalDownloads:1331,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:3,book:{slug:"manifolds-current-research-areas",title:"Manifolds",fullTitle:"Manifolds - Current Research Areas"},signatures:"Chao Wang, Yuanhao Guo and Xubo Song",authors:[{id:"190308",title:"Dr.",name:"Chao",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"chao-wang",fullName:"Chao Wang"},{id:"190461",title:"Prof.",name:"Xubo",middleName:null,surname:"Song",slug:"xubo-song",fullName:"Xubo Song"},{id:"191562",title:"MSc.",name:"Yuanhao",middleName:null,surname:"Guo",slug:"yuanhao-guo",fullName:"Yuanhao Guo"}]},{id:"53492",title:"Mutiple Hopf Bifurcation on Center Manifold",slug:"mutiple-hopf-bifurcation-on-center-manifold",totalDownloads:1317,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"manifolds-current-research-areas",title:"Manifolds",fullTitle:"Manifolds - Current Research Areas"},signatures:"Qinlong Wang, Bo Sang and Wentao Huang",authors:[{id:"191996",title:"Dr.",name:"Qinlong",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"qinlong-wang",fullName:"Qinlong Wang"},{id:"195099",title:"Dr.",name:"Bo",middleName:null,surname:"Sang",slug:"bo-sang",fullName:"Bo Sang"},{id:"195100",title:"Prof.",name:"Wentao",middleName:null,surname:"Huang",slug:"wentao-huang",fullName:"Wentao Huang"}]},{id:"52596",title:"Symplectic Manifolds: Gromov-Witten Invariants on Symplectic and Almost Contact Metric Manifolds",slug:"symplectic-manifolds-gromov-witten-invariants-on-symplectic-and-almost-contact-metric-manifolds",totalDownloads:1035,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"manifolds-current-research-areas",title:"Manifolds",fullTitle:"Manifolds - Current Research Areas"},signatures:"Yong Seung Cho",authors:[{id:"62522",title:"Prof.",name:"Yong Seung",middleName:null,surname:"Cho",slug:"yong-seung-cho",fullName:"Yong Seung Cho"}]},{id:"53109",title:"A Fusion Scheme of Local Manifold Learning Methods",slug:"a-fusion-scheme-of-local-manifold-learning-methods",totalDownloads:1207,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"manifolds-current-research-areas",title:"Manifolds",fullTitle:"Manifolds - Current Research Areas"},signatures:"Xianglei Xing, Kejun Wang and Weixing Feng",authors:[{id:"30150",title:"Prof.",name:"Kejun",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"kejun-wang",fullName:"Kejun Wang"},{id:"191016",title:"Dr.",name:"Xianglei",middleName:null,surname:"Xing",slug:"xianglei-xing",fullName:"Xianglei Xing"},{id:"196253",title:"Prof.",name:"Weixing",middleName:null,surname:"Feng",slug:"weixing-feng",fullName:"Weixing Feng"}]},{id:"53552",title:"Sub-Manifolds of a Riemannian Manifold",slug:"sub-manifolds-of-a-riemannian-manifold",totalDownloads:1238,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,book:{slug:"manifolds-current-research-areas",title:"Manifolds",fullTitle:"Manifolds - Current Research Areas"},signatures:"Mehmet Atçeken, Ümit Yıldırım and Süleyman Dirik",authors:[{id:"191326",title:"Prof.",name:"Mehmet",middleName:null,surname:"Atceken",slug:"mehmet-atceken",fullName:"Mehmet Atceken"},{id:"196148",title:"Dr.",name:"Umit",middleName:null,surname:"Yildirim",slug:"umit-yildirim",fullName:"Umit Yildirim"}]},{id:"63130",title:"Manifold Learning in Medical Imaging",slug:"manifold-learning-in-medical-imaging",totalDownloads:544,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:2,book:{slug:"manifolds-ii-theory-and-applications",title:"Manifolds II",fullTitle:"Manifolds II - Theory and Applications"},signatures:"Samuel Kadoury",authors:null},{id:"63626",title:"On Conformal Anti-Invariant Submersions Whose Total Manifolds Are Locally Product Riemannian",slug:"on-conformal-anti-invariant-submersions-whose-total-manifolds-are-locally-product-riemannian",totalDownloads:384,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"manifolds-ii-theory-and-applications",title:"Manifolds II",fullTitle:"Manifolds II - Theory and Applications"},signatures:"Mehmet Akif Akyol",authors:null},{id:"65349",title:"The Generalized Weierstrass System in Three-Dimensional Euclidean Space",slug:"the-generalized-weierstrass-system-in-three-dimensional-euclidean-space",totalDownloads:434,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"manifolds-ii-theory-and-applications",title:"Manifolds II",fullTitle:"Manifolds II - Theory and Applications"},signatures:"Paul Bracken",authors:[{id:"92883",title:"Prof.",name:"Paul",middleName:null,surname:"Bracken",slug:"paul-bracken",fullName:"Paul Bracken"}]},{id:"63611",title:"Manifold-Based Robot Motion Generation",slug:"manifold-based-robot-motion-generation",totalDownloads:413,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"manifolds-ii-theory-and-applications",title:"Manifolds II",fullTitle:"Manifolds II - Theory and Applications"},signatures:"Yuichi Kobayashi",authors:null},{id:"53712",title:"Spectral Theory of Operators on Manifolds",slug:"spectral-theory-of-operators-on-manifolds",totalDownloads:1242,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"manifolds-current-research-areas",title:"Manifolds",fullTitle:"Manifolds - Current Research Areas"},signatures:"Paul Bracken",authors:[{id:"92883",title:"Prof.",name:"Paul",middleName:null,surname:"Bracken",slug:"paul-bracken",fullName:"Paul Bracken"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicSlug:"geometry-and-topology",limit:3,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10176",title:"Microgrids and Local Energy Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"c32b4a5351a88f263074b0d0ca813a9c",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Nick Jenkins",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10176.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"55219",title:"Prof.",name:"Nick",middleName:null,surname:"Jenkins",slug:"nick-jenkins",fullName:"Nick Jenkins"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:8,limit:8,total:1},route:{name:"profile.detail",path:"/profiles/292694/anael-v-p-alberto",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"292694",slug:"anael-v-p-alberto"},fullPath:"/profiles/292694/anael-v-p-alberto",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()