Chapters authored
Non-Invasive Ventilation in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure
Non-invasive Ventilation (NIV) has emerged as an useful aid for management of pulmonary diseases specifically in cases of respiratory failure. NIV provides respiratory support without the need of an endotracheal tube, helping in avoiding the complications associated with intubation such as tracheal trauma, infection, bleeding, injury to the lung tissues and aspiration. NIV has turned out to provide substantial benefit in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiogenic pulmonary edema and in cases of neuromuscular disorders. It has now become an integral tool in the management of respiratory failure, both at home as well as hospital settings including critical care units. All patients of respiratory failure irrespective of causes likeAcute exacerbations of COPD, Acute pulmonary edema, Exacerbations of cystic fibrosis, asthma, or restrictive lung disease and Pneumonia admitted in intensive care unit/high dependent units are suitable for NIV. Noninvasive ventilation is standard of care in chronic respiratory failure and has replaced invasive ventilation in such settings. Its flexibility in use and ease of administration allows it to be acceptable by patients as well as caregivers.
Part of the book: ICU Management and Protocols
Frailty, Polypill and Quality of Life in Elderly
Frailty is an age-related state of increased susceptibility of functional decline that may be reversed or at least slowed progressiveness. It is characterized by impairments in a number of physiological systems and is linked to a higher risk of morbidity or unexpected hospitalization. It is a newly recognized geriatric syndrome in clinical practice, and excess healthcare expenses from consultations, polypill use, and hospitalization are some of its correlations. When under stress, frailty results in a loss of autonomy in everyday activities and death. Elderly adults frequently have many comorbid ailments, which exposes them to multiple medications or polypill therapy. This is linked to a higher chance of negative drug reactions, which leads to more hospitalizations, high morbidity, mortality, and higher healthcare system costs. It’s crucial to recognize these conditions in order to offer primary care patients early intervention and/or interdisciplinary management, which fits well with the physical and psychosocial model for their well-being.
Part of the book: Advances in Geriatrics and Gerontology