Mohd Fadhil Md. Din

By Hesam Kamyab, Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan, Mohd Fadhil Md Din, Shahabaldin Rezania, Tayebeh Khademi and Ashok Kumar

In recent decades, Malaysia has been known as one of the world’s leading producers and exporters of palm oil products. Every year, the number of palm oil mills increases rapidly, thus increasing the capacity of fresh fruit bunch waste or effluent discharge. Based on the data from the Malaysian Palm Oil Board in 2012, Malaysia produced 99.85 million tons of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) per year. However, about 5–5.7 tons of water was required in order to sterilize the palm fruit bunches and clarify the extracted oil to produce 1 ton of crude palm oil resulting in 50% of the water turning into palm oil mill effluent (POME). POME is one of the major environmental pollutants in Malaysia. The characteristics of POME and its behavior, if discharged directly, in water are described in this chapter. The suspended solid and nutrient content in POME could be able to support the growth of algae. This chapter aims to demonstrate that POME could be used as a main source for algae production, and this effluent is one of the main environmental problems in the tropical region especially in Malaysia.

Part of the book: Palm Oil

By Vasudeo Zambare and Mohd Fadhil Md. Din

Part of the book: Bioremediation for Global Environmental Conservation

By Janvi Hemant Kadam, Rasika Sagar Pawar, Mohd Fadhil Md. Din and Vasudeo Zambare

Poultry is one of the most rapidly expanding food production sectors, especially in developing countries. The poultry birds are safe and in good health due to the antibiotic supplemented feeds. However, the increasing awareness regarding antibiotic resistance has led to a dire need for the development of antibiotic-free poultry. Therefore, in addition to the daunting challenge of sufficing the need for poultry food of the increasing population, the industry should also ensure that the production is based on sustainable practices. In poultry farming there are several alternatives to the antibiotics, and one of them is probiotics. Probiotics are beneficial and safe micro-organisms for preservation of the host’s health and well-being. There are convincing experimental shreds of evidence that discuss the impact of probiotics on the positive modulation of poultry’s immunity, growth performance, feed utilization and general health condition. Therefore, this review shed light on the concept, impact and mode of action of probiotics in sustainable poultry production. By discussing the results obtained from the recent studies about the ability of probiotics to maintain the poultry animal’s performance level, this chapter condensed the valuable information and open several avenues for further investigation and development of the probiotic applications in the poultry industry with a special focus on its effect in improving poultry’s’ health and nutritional value.

Part of the book: Advances in Probiotics for Health and Nutrition