\\n\\n
Released this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\\n\\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:{caption:"Highly Cited",originalUrl:"/media/original/117"}},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'IntechOpen is proud to announce that 191 of our authors have made the Clarivate™ Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020, ranking them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nThroughout the years, the list has named a total of 261 IntechOpen authors as Highly Cited. Of those researchers, 69 have been featured on the list multiple times.
\n\n\n\nReleased this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
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After an Introductory chapter, Chapter 2 describes the cooperative spontaneous lasing mechanism in gas in three level systems and their possible quantum retardation effects. Chapter 3 is concerned with the evolution of states of large quantum particle systems via marginal correlation operators. Chapter 4 studies the effects of electronic transfer using ab initio quantum calculation methods to access biological macromolecular system behaviors. Chapter 5 concentrates on new features of supersymmetric quantum mechanics using the adjunction of boson-fermion symmetry. The book will be of interest to graduate and Ph.D students as well as scientists from various backgrounds who are concerned with quantum effects.",isbn:"978-1-83962-666-1",printIsbn:"978-1-83962-665-4",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83962-667-8",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.75282",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"panorama-of-contemporary-quantum-mechanics-concepts-and-applications",numberOfPages:108,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:null,isInBkci:!1,hash:"e78f2cfea2dec9fab1f269c994faa0d4",bookSignature:"Tuong T. 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Truong holds a Ph.D in theoretical physics from Columbia University in New York, N.Y., USA in 1973 and a Habilitation degree from Free University in Berlin Germany in 1987. He has been professor of physics at the university of Tours, France before moving to the university of Cergy-Pontoise, France, where he is now emeritus professor of physics. His main interests are in Quantum Mechanics, Integrable Systems in statistical physics and quantum field theory in low dimensions, super-integrable quantum mechanics, quantum dots and integral geometry for imaging science.",institutionString:"University of Cergy-Pontoise",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Cergy-Pontoise University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"France"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"230",title:"Quantum Mechanics",slug:"quantum-mechanics"}],chapters:[{id:"65303",title:"Canceled: Topological Insulating States in Atom-Thin Layers",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.82848",slug:"topological-insulating-states-in-atom-thin-layers",totalDownloads:550,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The introduction of spin-orbit interactions (SOIs) and the subsequent realization of two-dimensional (2D) topological insulating (TI) states are crucial for innovative spintronic devices with low-power dissipation and quantum devices. However, the 2D TI states have been mainly researched in semiconductor quantum well systems. Graphene basically lacks SOIs due to the low mass of the carbon atom, and none reported its TI states. In this chapter, I describe the introduction of SOIs into graphene by random decoration of heavy nanoparticles (B2Te3 or Pt) with low coverage ratios using an original nanoneedle method. The decoration with less damages and contaminations leads to the emergence of particle density-dependent nonlocal resistance (RNL) peaks at room temperature and those oscillatory behaviors under in-plane magnetic fields, which suggest presence of the SOI gaps. Moreover, 2D TI states are confirmed when the same method is applied to six or four terminal small patterns of graphene with coverage as small as 3%. 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The kinetic equations which describe the cooperative processes as the function of time and correlation are obtained. The behavior of the system of radiators at short and long time intervals in comparison with the retardation time between them is studied.",signatures:"Nicolae A. Enaki",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/67030",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/67030",authors:[{id:"249993",title:"Dr.",name:"Nicolae",surname:"Enaki",slug:"nicolae-enaki",fullName:"Nicolae Enaki"}],corrections:null},{id:"65011",title:"Processes of Creation and Propagation of Correlations in Large Quantum Particle System",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.82836",slug:"processes-of-creation-and-propagation-of-correlations-in-large-quantum-particle-system",totalDownloads:575,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"We review new approaches to the description of the evolution of states of large quantum particle systems by means of the marginal correlation operators. Using the definition of marginal correlation operators within the framework of dynamics of correlations governed by the von Neumann hierarchy, we establish that a sequence of such operators is governed by the nonlinear quantum BBGKY hierarchy. The constructed nonperturbative solution of the Cauchy problem to this hierarchy of nonlinear evolution equations describes the processes of the creation and the propagation of correlations in large quantum particle systems. Furthermore, we consider the problem of the rigorous description of collective behavior of quantum many-particle systems by means of a one-particle (marginal) correlation operator that is a solution of the generalized quantum kinetic equation with initial correlations, in particular, correlations characterizing the condensed states of systems.",signatures:"Viktor I. 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He is an IEEE senior member, a Professional Engineer registered with the Board of Engineers, Malaysia,a Chartered Engineer registered with the UK Engineering Council, and an ASEAN Chartered Professional Engineer (ACPE). He received his BEng (Hons) Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Universiti Teknologi Petronas in 2004, his MSc in microelectronics from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia in 2005, and his PhD from Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman in 2011. In 2008 and 2015, respectively, Dr. Yeap underwent research attachment at the University of Oxford (UK) and Nippon Institute of Technology (Japan). Dr. Yeap is the external examiner and external course assessor of Wawasan Open University. He is also the Editor in Chief of the i-manager’s Journal on Digital Signal Processing. He has also been a guest editor for the Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences and Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences. 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(cf. [1]), where
In order to examine the stability of an equilibrium
for which
where
It may be supposed that system (3) has a solution of the form
This can only happen if and only if
is called characteristic quasi-polynomial of the linear delay system (3).
The organization of the chapter is as follows. In the next section, we introduce and prove two criteria regarding stability of
If there is no delay present, i.e.
where the coefficients of
The asymptotic stability of (3) is determined by the stability of the matrix
There is a very simple but very important necessary condition for
Theorem 1.1 (Stodola). If the characteristic polynomial
and we can split
Thus, the stability of
This means that all coefficients of all factors in the product above are positive. By performing the multiplications one can see that the coefficients of
In the case of
furthermore in case of
(cf. (8)), thus
and
Unfortunately the criterion is for
has positive coefficients, but two of its zero, namely
(cf. (8)) and
hold
where
As a consequence of the fundamental theorem of algebra, we can split
In view of the above considerations for the first and the second-order polynomials we see that
holds. We prove this statement in two steps.
Indeed,
from
holds. The case
If
If inequalities
holds, then its characteristic polynomial has the form
This means that
In order to formulate the necessary and sufficient stability condition for the polynomial
i.e.
where
of
hold. □
For
two-dimensional system we have
Thus, this criterion can be stated as
or
third-dimensional system we have
Thus, this criterion is
or
fourth-dimensional system we have
Thus, this criterion can be stated as
or
As the application of the above theorem, we mention the Orlando formula (cf. [11]) which establishes the useful relation between the Hurwitz determinants and the polynomial whose roots are sums of the roots of a given polynomial and which can be proved by mathematical induction (cf. [12]).
In case of
We remark (cf. [12]) if criterion (34) is satisfied then
Clearly, if (47) holds then condition (34) is redundant: many of inequalities in (34) are unnecessary. For
the characteristic polynomial
has the characteristic polynomial
It suffices to calculate
Thus,
holds (cf. Figure 1).
Stability chart of the polynomial
There is a criterion of geometric character which is useful for the study of the stability of
is called Mikhailov hodograph or amplitude-phase curve (cf. [14]).
Some geometrical properties of the hodograph
is continuous in every point of the real line. Moreover, we deal with the change
where
therefore we have
This means that it is enough to know the behavior of the vector
the curve
is true, which means that
the curve
holds.
from which
resp. as
follows. Thus,
which means that
Often what is to be checked is not the stability of the characteristic polynomial
which takes the interior of the unit circle of the complex plane
It is clear that
hold.
The second way is the application of the so called Jury test which proof is based on the Rouché theorem (cf. [16]).
In what follows we shall examine the situation when system (1) with
where
the eigenvalue crossing condition holds:
the transversality condition
In the case of the two-dimensional system there is a result about the fulfillment of the above two conditions.
fulfill the eigenvalue crossing condition and the transversality condition if and only if at the critical value
hold.
Thus, at the critical value
which at
Since
therefore we have
Using the well known calculation
furthermore the first and third part of (69) the formula
proves the lemma.
Because a matrix of order two can have no other eigenvalues besides the critical eigenvalues the crossing can happen only if for suitable
holds.
We have to remark that there are two forms of Hopf bifurcation: the standard one and the so called non-standard. Under standard Hopf bifurcation we mean the phenomenon when the critical eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix
From the left half-plane to the right, if the function
From the right half-plane to the left, if the function
if function
if function
(cf. [17]). System (79) has the unique equilibrium point
The Jacobian of (79) at
whose eigenvalues are the zeros of its characteristic polynomial
It is easy to see that if we choose
This means that Hopf bifurcation occurs at the critical value
extended in
In case of
Clearly,
in case of
Because
the polynomial
In the case of the three-dimensional system we post a result (cf. [18]), the proof of which is similar to the one in [19].
fulfill the crossing and the transversality conditions if and only if at the critical value
furthermore
hold.
This means that
if for some
hold, then one of the three zeros, like
which contradicts the fact that
It is clear that from conditions (89) it follows that the zeros of
because
Because
it follows for the derivative of the implicit function
Using (89), resp. (90), furthermore
As a consequence of the Stodola criterion the necessary condition for the stability of the polynomial
are valid, where
then the roots of
from left to right, if
from right to left, if
hold.
one can see that if
Thus, from
in the left half-plane if and only if
in the right half-plane if and only if
where
then we get the Lorenz system (cf. [21]), the Chen system (cf. [22]) and the Lü system (cf. [23]). Yan showed (cf. [24]) that in the system (107) Hopf bifurcation may occur. In what follows we show that his calculations can be simplified as we know the coefficients of the characteristic polynomials of the Jacobian of system (107). If
The Jacobian of (107) takes the form
Hence the corresponding Jacobians are:
resp.
The eigenvalues of
where
We remark that only a special parameter configuration was investigated in [24], namely
it is easy to see from the characteristic polynomial that in case
the parameter
(in case of
the parameter
and
will be positive only in case if
(in case of
In this case we have
which contradicts the transversality condition.
It is easy to see the following: by fixing the parameters
resp.
and
The eigenvalues of the matrix
where
If
then at
Hopf bifurcation takes place, because
resp.
When modeling and analyzing processes and behaviors which come from a natural environment, it often happens that we need a bit of distance in time to see the changes of the considered quantities (which are the variables of our model). For example, when we think about the epidemiological models, it is a well-founded thought that we need some time while susceptibles become infectious, and hence it is reasonable to assume that the migration of the individuals from the class of susceptibles into the infected is subject to delay.
Another expressive example is the modeling of the processes of the human body or the brain, like emotions: love, hate, etc. A bit of time has to pass for the brain to process the signals coming from various places, and only after this delay, the mood could change. These changes can be described and analyzed with delayed differential equations. One type of these systems is the so called Romeo and Juliet model, where the changes of Romeo’s and Juliet’s love and hate in time are described as a system of two linear ordinary differential equations. In this chapter we are going to consider this model with general coefficients and investigate the stability of the linear system.
We are going to consider the following linear system:
where
where
In [25] the authors treat delay differential equations, which characteristic function for arbitrary
where
In this section we assume that
where
In what follows, the Mikhailov stability criterion will be proved, which is the implication of the argument principle (cf. [27, 28]). The treatment is based on [29].
where the order of the polynomials
where
furthermore
holds where
and the semicircle
Since
there is only a finite number of roots of
On
Now from the summation, we can write a typical term as
Therefore,
Hence the argument or phase
where
and
Dividing the numerator and denominator by
where
and
Now since
and since
we have
or
as
Now from the argument principle we can write
where
If we reverse the direction of integration along
in case of stability we have
As a consequence, we have the following.
and assume that the quasi-polynomial in (127) has no roots on the imaginary axis. Then
i.e. the argument of
hold, then the characteristic function, and hence the trivial equilibrium point of system (123) is asymptotically stable.
Hence using the characteristic function (126), where
we have for
and also
It could be seen that
furthermore
Therefore, we have to show that
and hence by using the Mikhailov criterion we have stability.
Substituting
By using straightforward estimations we obtain that
and hence
fulfills.
We show now a simple example in order to demonstrate the above theorem and what the conditions say. First of all, we are going to see that the conditions of the previous theorem are sufficient, but not necessary.
The characteristic polynomial of (166) is
Since
then the trivial solution of (166) is asymptotically stable. As earlier mentioned, the conditions of Theorem 1.10 are sufficient, but not necessary, which can be easily seen, if we study the phase portrait of the system (166) with the following different values of the parameter
Example: solutions with
Example: solutions with
In Figure 3 (above) the parameter
The previous example shows that it would be useful to give the largest bound in the theorem, because if we have a larger bound, then we can guarantee the stability of the quasi-polynomial for higher value of the parameter
where
In [30] Freedman and Rao worked with the system
where
Similarly to papers [30, 31] we gave an upper bound for
Let us write these conditions for
in [30] the condition
Furthermore let us denote the right hand side of the condition in
Since
because
is true following from the positivity of these constants. This means that
Repeatedly, following from the positivity of the constants
hence
but actually this estimation is not sharp for positive
The estimation of the sine function on the interval
If we find a tangent line of the
We can easily determine the constant
where
fulfills, which is true if and only if
i.e.
The proposition of the last theorem of this section is similar to one of Theorem 1.10. In the proof of Theorem 1.10 we used first-order Taylor polynomials to approximate the functions
and for the delay parameter
holds, where
with
then the quasi-polynomial (126) is Hurwitz-stable.
To show that
Then we have
with
If the conditions (184) are fulfilled, then the coefficient of
In the following example, we are going to show that in some cases the result of Theorem 1.11 is better than the result in [31].
The characteristic function of (192) is
Let us see what condition gives [31] for the parameter
fulfills, hence if
then the quasi-polynomial (193) is asymptotically stable. Furthermore simple calculations show that following from Theorem 1.11, the system is asymptotically stable for all
The solutions of system
We are going to consider the general form of the characteristic function (126):
where
In this chapter we will add a condition to the polynomial
Firstly, let us multiply the equality
is valid. Let us introduce the notations
With these notations the characteristic function (196) can be written at
Let
then with straightforward calculations we can make the following transformations:
Furthermore we can write the imaginary part in the same way, too:
Hence
Since the coefficients
and
Then, by dividing the equalities
Thus, since
and the discriminant of a polynomial
where
with
Straightforward calculations show that for all
Thus, the discriminant of
Figure 7 also shows the changing of the stability of system (209), with
Example: solutions with
In this subsection we are going to see for which value of the delay
Thus, we can determine the derivative of
where
Since
(For sake of simplicity replacing
Computing the exact value of
Thus,
Using the elementary identities
furthermore the Euler formula
Therefore, Hopf bifurcation occurs if
The location of zeros of polynomials and quasi-polynomials as well is crucial in the point of view of the stability of ordinary and retarded differential equations. Namely, if the zeros of the characteristic polynomial of the linearized matrix lie in the open left half of the complex plane, then the constant solution of the particular equation is asymptotically stable. The main task of our work was to depict different methods which allow the investigation of the stability of characteristic (quasi-)polynomials, too. The second objective of this work was in the case of retarded differential equations to treat a method how to estimate the length of the delay for which no stability switching occurs. As an application, we showed a method to detect Hopf bifurcation in ordinary and retarded dynamical systems.
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Among these heavy metals, a few have direct or indirect impact on the human body. Some of these heavy metals such as copper, cobalt, iron, nickel, magnesium, molybdenum, chromium, selenium, manganese and zinc have functional roles which are essential for various diverse physiological and biochemical activities in the body. However, some of these heavy metals in high doses can be harmful to the body while others such as cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium, silver, and arsenic in minute quantities have delirious effects in the body causing acute and chronic toxicities in humans. The focus of this chapter is to describe the various mechanism of intoxication of some selected heavy metals in humans along with their health effects. Therefore it aims to highlight on biochemical mechanisms of heavy metal intoxication which involves binding to proteins and enzymes, altering their activity and causing damage. More so, the mechanism by which heavy metals cause neurotoxicity, generate free radical which promotes oxidative stress damaging lipids, proteins and DNA molecules and how these free radicals propagate carcinogenesis are discussed. Alongside these mechanisms, the noxious health effects of these heavy metals are discussed.",book:{id:"7111",slug:"poisoning-in-the-modern-world-new-tricks-for-an-old-dog-",title:"Poisoning in the Modern World",fullTitle:"Poisoning in the Modern World - New Tricks for an Old Dog?"},signatures:"Godwill Azeh Engwa, Paschaline Udoka Ferdinand, Friday Nweke Nwalo and Marian N. 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The traditional healer provides health care services based on culture, religious background, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs that are prevalent in his community. Illness is regarded as having both natural and supernatural causes and thus must be treated by both physical and spiritual means, using divination, incantations, animal sacrifice, exorcism, and herbs. Herbal medicine is the cornerstone of traditional medicine but may include minerals and animal parts. The adjustment is ok, but may be replaced with –‘ Herbal medicine was once termed primitive by western medicine but through scientific investigations there is a better understanding of its therapeutic activities such that many pharmaceuticals have been modeled on phytochemicals derived from it. Major obstacles to the use of African medicinal plants are their poor quality control and safety. Traditional medical practices are still shrouded with much secrecy, with few reports or documentations of adverse reactions. However, the future of African traditional medicine is bright if viewed in the context of service provision, increase of health care coverage, economic potential, and poverty reduction. Formal recognition and integration of traditional medicine into conventional medicine will hold much promise for the future.",book:{id:"6302",slug:"herbal-medicine",title:"Herbal Medicine",fullTitle:"Herbal Medicine"},signatures:"Ezekwesili-Ofili Josephine Ozioma and Okaka Antoinette Nwamaka\nChinwe",authors:[{id:"191264",title:"Prof.",name:"Josephine",middleName:"Ozioma",surname:"Ezekwesili-Ofili",slug:"josephine-ezekwesili-ofili",fullName:"Josephine Ezekwesili-Ofili"},{id:"211585",title:"Prof.",name:"Antoinette",middleName:null,surname:"Okaka",slug:"antoinette-okaka",fullName:"Antoinette Okaka"}]},{id:"76640",title:"Control of Clinical Laboratory Errors by FMEA Model",slug:"control-of-clinical-laboratory-errors-by-fmea-model",totalDownloads:1118,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"Patient safety is an aim for clinical applications and is a fundamental principle of healthcare and quality management. The main global health organizations have incorporated patient safety in their review of work practices. The data provided by the medical laboratories have a direct impact on patient safety and a fault in any of processes such as strategic, operational and support, could affect it. To provide appreciate and reliable data to the physicians, it is important to emphasize the need to design risk management plan in the laboratory. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is an efficient technique for error detection and reduction. Technical Committee of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) licensed a technical specification for medical laboratories suggesting FMEA as a method for prospective risk analysis of high-risk processes. FMEA model helps to identify quality failures, their effects and risks with their reduction/elimination, which depends on severity, probability and detection. Applying FMEA in clinical approaches can lead to a significant reduction of the risk priority number (RPN).",book:{id:"9808",slug:"contemporary-topics-in-patient-safety-volume-1",title:"Contemporary Topics in Patient Safety",fullTitle:"Contemporary Topics in Patient Safety - Volume 1"},signatures:"Hoda Sabati, Amin Mohsenzadeh and Nooshin Khelghati",authors:[{id:"340486",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Hoda",middleName:null,surname:"Sabati",slug:"hoda-sabati",fullName:"Hoda Sabati"},{id:"348872",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Amin",middleName:null,surname:"Mohsenzadeh",slug:"amin-mohsenzadeh",fullName:"Amin Mohsenzadeh"},{id:"348874",title:"MSc.",name:"Nooshin",middleName:null,surname:"Khelghati",slug:"nooshin-khelghati",fullName:"Nooshin Khelghati"}]},{id:"64762",title:"Mechanism and Health Effects of Heavy Metal Toxicity in Humans",slug:"mechanism-and-health-effects-of-heavy-metal-toxicity-in-humans",totalDownloads:10122,totalCrossrefCites:91,totalDimensionsCites:219,abstract:"Several heavy metals are found naturally in the earth crust and are exploited for various industrial and economic purposes. Among these heavy metals, a few have direct or indirect impact on the human body. Some of these heavy metals such as copper, cobalt, iron, nickel, magnesium, molybdenum, chromium, selenium, manganese and zinc have functional roles which are essential for various diverse physiological and biochemical activities in the body. However, some of these heavy metals in high doses can be harmful to the body while others such as cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium, silver, and arsenic in minute quantities have delirious effects in the body causing acute and chronic toxicities in humans. The focus of this chapter is to describe the various mechanism of intoxication of some selected heavy metals in humans along with their health effects. Therefore it aims to highlight on biochemical mechanisms of heavy metal intoxication which involves binding to proteins and enzymes, altering their activity and causing damage. 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Unachukwu",authors:[{id:"241837",title:"Mr.",name:"Godwill Azeh",middleName:null,surname:"Engwa",slug:"godwill-azeh-engwa",fullName:"Godwill Azeh Engwa"},{id:"274194",title:"BSc.",name:"Paschaline Ferdinand",middleName:null,surname:"Okeke",slug:"paschaline-ferdinand-okeke",fullName:"Paschaline Ferdinand Okeke"},{id:"286975",title:"Dr.",name:"Friday",middleName:null,surname:"Nweke Nwalo",slug:"friday-nweke-nwalo",fullName:"Friday Nweke Nwalo"},{id:"286976",title:"Dr.",name:"Marian",middleName:null,surname:"Unachukwu",slug:"marian-unachukwu",fullName:"Marian Unachukwu"}]},{id:"65467",title:"Anesthesia Management for Large-Volume Liposuction",slug:"anesthesia-management-for-large-volume-liposuction",totalDownloads:5761,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"The apparent easiness with which liposuction is performed favors that patients, young surgeons, and anesthesiologists without experience in this field ignore the many events that occur during this procedure. Liposuction is a procedure to improve the body contour and not a surgery to reduce weight, although recently people who have failed in their plans to lose weight look at liposuction as a means to contour their body figure. Tumescent liposuction of large volumes requires a meticulous selection of each patient; their preoperative evaluation and perioperative management are essential to obtain the expected results. The various techniques of general anesthesia are the most recommended and should be monitored in the usual way, as well as monitoring the total doses of infiltrated local anesthetics to avoid systemic toxicity. The management of intravenous fluids is controversial, but the current trend is the restricted use of hydrosaline solutions. The most feared complications are deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary thromboembolism, fat embolism, lung edema, hypothermia, infections and even death. The adherence to the management guidelines and prophylaxis of venous thrombosis/thromboembolism is mandatory.",book:{id:"6221",slug:"anesthesia-topics-for-plastic-and-reconstructive-surgery",title:"Anesthesia Topics for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery",fullTitle:"Anesthesia Topics for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery"},signatures:"Sergio Granados-Tinajero, Carlos Buenrostro-Vásquez, Cecilia\nCárdenas-Maytorena and Marcela Contreras-López",authors:[{id:"273532",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergio Octavio",middleName:null,surname:"Granados Tinajero",slug:"sergio-octavio-granados-tinajero",fullName:"Sergio Octavio Granados Tinajero"}]},{id:"30178",title:"Chest Mobilization Techniques for Improving Ventilation and Gas Exchange in Chronic Lung Disease",slug:"chest-mobilization-techniques-for-improving-ventilation-and-gas-exchange-in-chronic-lung-disease",totalDownloads:31045,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:5,abstract:null,book:{id:"648",slug:"chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-current-concepts-and-practice",title:"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease",fullTitle:"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Current Concepts and Practice"},signatures:"Donrawee Leelarungrayub",authors:[{id:"73709",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Jirakrit",middleName:null,surname:"Leelarungrayub",slug:"jirakrit-leelarungrayub",fullName:"Jirakrit Leelarungrayub"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"3",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[{id:"81967",title:"Cardiac Catheterization after Bypass Surgery",slug:"cardiac-catheterization-after-bypass-surgery",totalDownloads:0,totalDimensionsCites:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104569",abstract:"After coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, the typical patient will have progression of the original native coronary disease as well as atherosclerosis of the bypass grafts. When this leads to angina or myocardial infarction, repeat cardiac catheterization may be necessary. However, the risks of catheterization in post-CABG patients are higher than in non-CABG patients, and the benefits are smaller, so optimal medical therapy should be employed and clear indications should be present before post-CABG catheterization is undertaken. In the past decade, two advancements have been made in strategies for post-CABG catheterization. First, for patients with a left internal mammary artery graft, left radial access should be routinely used and is safer than femoral access. Second, diseased saphenous vein bypass grafts may offer a retrograde approach to chronic total occlusions of the native artery. When successful, retrograde stenting of the bypassed native coronary artery is more durable than interventions on the saphenous vein graft supplying it. This chapter summarizes indications, techniques, and tricks of catheterization and strategies for coronary intervention in patients with prior CABG.",book:{id:"11235",title:"Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11235.jpg"},signatures:"Reed M. Otten and James Blankenship"},{id:"81532",title:"Ethnobotany",slug:"ethnobotany",totalDownloads:0,totalDimensionsCites:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104754",abstract:"Ethnobotany is a life science which studies the interaction between human beings and flora in particular and broadly deals with the investigations, observations, and identifications of botanical diversity used for the prevention and treatment of human and livestock ailments. The current chapter reviews the history and development of ethnobotany and the involvement of this branch of science in the innovation and derivation of drug products which is originated from plants and claimed by the traditional healers and indigenous people used for the prevention and treatment of disease. This chapter also combines interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary methods that can lead to further productive, comprehensive, and systemic guesstimates in the investigation of the relationship between the plants and humans. Regardless of its various bottlenecks, ethnobotany becomes an attractive and hopeful area of research. It also covers ethnobotanical knowledge and modern science, ethnobotany research and their applications, plant conservation and sustainable management practices, taxonomy, and economic botany. The chapter also deals with the ways in which different societies and cultures have come to perceive, know, use, classify, and symbolically represent plants and animals.",book:{id:"11299",title:"Medicinal Plants",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11299.jpg"},signatures:"Jafer Siraj"},{id:"81972",title:"The Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa; Current Understanding of the Host Immune System and New Perspectives",slug:"the-submicroscopic-plasmodium-falciparum-malaria-in-sub-saharan-africa-current-understanding-of-the-",totalDownloads:0,totalDimensionsCites:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105086",abstract:"The bottlenecks in malaria infections affect malaria control and eradication programs. The gaps in the relationships between stages specific parasites molecules and their effects in the various stages of malaria development are unknown. The challenge hampers the wholesome understanding of policies and programs implemented to control and eliminate malaria infections in the endemic areas. Submicroscopic malaria and its transmission dynamisms are of interest in malaria control programs. The role of various stages of natural protective immunity in submicroscopic malaria infections and the insight into the collaborative role of antibodies from antigens for maintaining lower and submicroscopic malaria could provide a relevant guideline for vaccine developments. The chapter discusses the roles of mosquito and malaria antibodies in maintaining submicroscopic P. falciparum infection and its transmission potentials in malaria-endemic areas and the new perspectives on the inter-relatedness of stage-specific antibodies to improve malaria control programs in Sub-Saharan Africa.",book:{id:"11576",title:"Malaria - Recent Advances, and New Perspectives",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11576.jpg"},signatures:"Kwame Kumi Asare"},{id:"81847",title:"Banks of Cryopreserved Skin from Live Donors and Total Skin Allografts in the Surgery of Major Burnt Patients",slug:"banks-of-cryopreserved-skin-from-live-donors-and-total-skin-allografts-in-the-surgery-of-major-burnt",totalDownloads:0,totalDimensionsCites:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104451",abstract:"Scarectomy and prompt coverage are some of the main cornerstones of the actual treatment of major burnt patients. This coverage can be definitive using autologous tissues or temporary with allografts, xenografts, and/or biosynthetic products. Skin allografts (SAs) are the gold standard therapeutic alternative among temporary coverages, since they mimic skin functions. However, cadaveric skin donation and procurement, a common SA source, are infrequent. On the other hand, there is a significant number of patients that, given their health condition, large amounts of skin must be resected for their clinical recovery, including patients submitted to corporal contouring surgeries with esthetic and/or reconstructive motives, usually eliminating the redundant skin as biological waste. 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Interventions that may counterbalance the continued gender gap within surgical fields include the implementation of implicit bias training, increasing institutional support, establishing formal mentorship initiatives, the introduction of early exposure programs during medical training, transparent institutional promotion policies, childcare support, and accommodation of maternity leave. The purpose of this chapter is to educate the reader regarding gender inequality in surgery and related fields and to highlight key issues central to the propagation of gender biases specifically as they relate to female surgeons across various roles and responsibilities (e.g., clinical practice, education/training, and leadership) within the contemporary academic landscape.",book:{id:"6947",title:"Contemporary Topics in Graduate Medical Education - Volume 2",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6947.jpg"},signatures:"Minuette Laessig, Lauryn Ullrich, Thomas J. Papadimos, Erin A. 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Saxena is a vice dean and professor at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India. His research interests involve understanding the molecular mechanisms of host defense during human viral infections and developing new predictive, preventive, and therapeutic strategies for them using Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), HIV, and emerging viruses as a model via stem cell and cell culture technologies. His research work has been published in various high-impact factor journals (Science, PNAS, Nature Medicine) with a high number of citations. He has received many awards and honors in India and abroad including various Young Scientist Awards, BBSRC India Partnering Award, and Dr. JC Bose National Award of Department of Biotechnology, Min. of Science and Technology, Govt. of India. 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He obtained a Master’s degree in Public Health and PhD in Public Health and Epidemiology. He has a background in Clinical Medicine and has taken courses at higher diploma levels in public health from University of Transkei, Republic of South Africa, and African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF) in Nairobi, Kenya. Dr. Kasenga worked in different places in and outside Malawi, and has held various positions, such as Licensed Medical Officer, HIV/AIDS Programme Officer, HIV/AIDS resource person in the International Department of Diakonhjemet College, Oslo, Norway. He also managed an Integrated HIV/AIDS Prevention programme for over 5 years. He is currently working as a Director for the Health Ministries Department of Malawi Union of the Seventh Day Adventist Church. Dr. Kasenga has published over 5 articles on HIV/AIDS issues focusing on Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT), including a book chapter on HIV testing counseling (currently in press). 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