Amyloidoses with renal involvement.
\\n\\n
Released this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\\n\\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:null},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'IntechOpen is proud to announce that 191 of our authors have made the Clarivate™ Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020, ranking them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nThroughout the years, the list has named a total of 261 IntechOpen authors as Highly Cited. Of those researchers, 69 have been featured on the list multiple times.
\n\n\n\nReleased this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"intechopen-partners-with-ehs-for-digital-advertising-representation-20210416",title:"IntechOpen Partners with EHS for Digital Advertising Representation"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-new-contract-with-cepiec-china-for-distribution-of-open-access-books-20210319",title:"IntechOpen Signs New Contract with CEPIEC, China for Distribution of Open Access Books"},{slug:"150-million-downloads-and-counting-20210316",title:"150 Million Downloads and Counting"},{slug:"intechopen-secures-indefinite-content-preservation-with-clockss-20210309",title:"IntechOpen Secures Indefinite Content Preservation with CLOCKSS"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-to-all-global-amazon-channels-with-full-catalog-of-books-20210308",title:"IntechOpen Expands to All Global Amazon Channels with Full Catalog of Books"},{slug:"stanford-university-identifies-top-2-scientists-over-1-000-are-intechopen-authors-and-editors-20210122",title:"Stanford University Identifies Top 2% Scientists, Over 1,000 are IntechOpen Authors and Editors"},{slug:"intechopen-authors-included-in-the-highly-cited-researchers-list-for-2020-20210121",title:"IntechOpen Authors Included in the Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020"},{slug:"intechopen-maintains-position-as-the-world-s-largest-oa-book-publisher-20201218",title:"IntechOpen Maintains Position as the World’s Largest OA Book Publisher"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"1985",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Prostate Cancer - Original Scientific Reports and Case Studies",title:"Prostate Cancer",subtitle:"Original Scientific Reports and Case Studies",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"This book encompasses three sections pertaining to the topics of cancer biology, diagnostic markers, and therapeutic novelties. It represents an essential resource for healthcare professionals and scientist dedicated to the field of prostate cancer research. This book is a celebration of the significant advances made within this field over the past decade, with the hopes that this is the stepping stone for the eradication of this potentially debilitating and/or fatal malignancy.",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-307-342-2",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-6581-1",doi:"10.5772/2399",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"prostate-cancer-original-scientific-reports-and-case-studies",numberOfPages:240,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:1,hash:"51d83bcaa97cb41331a0e6cc466f237f",bookSignature:"Philippe E. Spiess",publishedDate:"November 21st 2011",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1985.jpg",numberOfDownloads:23178,numberOfWosCitations:1,numberOfCrossrefCitations:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:1,hasAltmetrics:0,numberOfTotalCitations:2,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"January 20th 2011",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"February 17th 2011",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"June 24th 2011",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"July 24th 2011",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"November 21st 2011",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,editors:[{id:"64476",title:"Dr.",name:"Philippe E.",middleName:null,surname:"Spiess",slug:"philippe-e.-spiess",fullName:"Philippe E. Spiess",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/64476/images/1906_n.jpg",biography:"Dr Philippe E. Spiess is an assistant professor with dual appointment in the department of Genitourinary Oncology at the Moffitt Cancer Center and the department of Urology at the University of South Florida in Tampa, Florida. Dr Spiess was born and raised in Montreal, Canada where he completed his urological training at McGill University. He subsequently completed his urologic oncologic training at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas. Dr Spiess has published over 80 peer reviewed scientific papers in urologic oncology in addition to being a nationally and internationally recognized expert in the management of genitourinary malignancies. He has dedicated much of his research efforts to optimizing the surgical management of locally advanced and locally recurrent prostate cancer. He currently sits on the NCCN Panel for bladder and penile cancer in addition to being the video section editor of the International Brazilian Journal of Urology.",institutionString:null,position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"3",institution:{name:"Moffitt Cancer Center",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"1079",title:"Genitourinary Oncology",slug:"genitourinary-oncology"}],chapters:[{id:"24257",title:"Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer: The Case of Ethnic German Migrants from the Former Soviet Union",doi:"10.5772/25660",slug:"epidemiology-of-prostate-cancer-the-case-of-ethnic-german-migrants-from-the-former-soviet-union",totalDownloads:1106,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Volker Winkler and Heiko Becher",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24257",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24257",authors:[{id:"64055",title:"Dr.",name:"Volker",surname:"Winkler",slug:"volker-winkler",fullName:"Volker Winkler"},{id:"67928",title:"Prof.",name:"Heiko",surname:"Becher",slug:"heiko-becher",fullName:"Heiko Becher"}],corrections:null},{id:"24258",title:"NSAID Induction of p75NTR in the Prostate: A Suppressor of Growth and Cell Migration Via the p38 MAPK Pathway",doi:"10.5772/25659",slug:"nsaid-induction-of-p75ntr-in-the-prostate-a-suppressor-of-growth-and-cell-migration-via-the-p38-mapk",totalDownloads:1451,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,signatures:"Daniel Djakiew",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24258",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24258",authors:[{id:"64051",title:"Prof.",name:"Daniel",surname:"Djakiew",slug:"daniel-djakiew",fullName:"Daniel Djakiew"}],corrections:null},{id:"24259",title:"Polymorphism Analysis of TRAIL Gene and Correlation TRAIL Expression in Prostate Cancer",doi:"10.5772/26302",slug:"polymorphism-analysis-of-trail-gene-and-correlation-trail-expression-in-prostate-cancer",totalDownloads:1434,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Yuanyuan Mi, Lijie Zhu and Ninghan Feng",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24259",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24259",authors:[{id:"66179",title:"Prof.",name:"Ninghan",surname:"Feng",slug:"ninghan-feng",fullName:"Ninghan Feng"},{id:"119793",title:"Dr.",name:"Yuanyuan",surname:"Mi",slug:"yuanyuan-mi",fullName:"Yuanyuan Mi"},{id:"119794",title:"BSc.",name:"Lijie",surname:"Zhu",slug:"lijie-zhu",fullName:"Lijie Zhu"}],corrections:null},{id:"24260",title:"Development of Miniature 125I - Seeds for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer",doi:"10.5772/29930",slug:"development-of-miniature-125i-seeds-for-the-treatment-of-prostate-cancer",totalDownloads:1931,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Sanjay Kumar Saxena and Ashutosh Dash",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24260",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24260",authors:[{id:"79972",title:"Dr.",name:"Ashutosh",surname:"Dash",slug:"ashutosh-dash",fullName:"Ashutosh Dash"}],corrections:null},{id:"24261",title:"LNCaP Prostate Cancer Growth In Vivo: Oncostatic Effects of Melatonin as Compared to Hypoxia and Reoxygenation",doi:"10.5772/26878",slug:"lncap-prostate-cancer-growth-in-vivo-oncostatic-effects-of-melatonin-as-compared-to-hypoxia-and-reox",totalDownloads:2180,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"L. Terraneo, E. Finati, E. Virgili, G. Demartini, L. De Angelis, R. Dall’Aglio, F. Fraschini, M. Samaja and R. Paroni",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24261",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24261",authors:[{id:"68113",title:"Prof.",name:"Michele",surname:"Samaja",slug:"michele-samaja",fullName:"Michele Samaja"},{id:"69257",title:"Dr.",name:"Laura",surname:"Terraneo",slug:"laura-terraneo",fullName:"Laura Terraneo"},{id:"69258",title:"Dr.",name:"Elena",surname:"Finati",slug:"elena-finati",fullName:"Elena Finati"},{id:"69259",title:"Dr.",name:"Germana",surname:"Demartini",slug:"germana-demartini",fullName:"Germana Demartini"},{id:"69261",title:"Dr.",name:"Leonardo",surname:"De Angelis",slug:"leonardo-de-angelis",fullName:"Leonardo De Angelis"},{id:"69262",title:"Prof.",name:"Franco",surname:"Fraschini",slug:"franco-fraschini",fullName:"Franco Fraschini"},{id:"69287",title:"Prof.",name:"Rita",surname:"Paroni",slug:"rita-paroni",fullName:"Rita Paroni"},{id:"118103",title:"Dr.",name:"Eleonora",surname:"Virgili",slug:"eleonora-virgili",fullName:"Eleonora Virgili"},{id:"123520",title:"Dr.",name:"Roberto",surname:"Dall’Aglio",slug:"roberto-dall'aglio",fullName:"Roberto Dall’Aglio"}],corrections:null},{id:"24262",title:"Cancer Detection from Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Biopsy in a Single Center",doi:"10.5772/26876",slug:"cancer-detection-from-transrectal-ultrasound-guided-biopsy-in-a-single-center",totalDownloads:1672,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Selvalingam S., Leong A.C., Natarajan C., Yunus R. and Sundram M.",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24262",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24262",authors:[{id:"68102",title:"Dr.",name:"Selvalingam",surname:"Sothilingam",slug:"selvalingam-sothilingam",fullName:"Selvalingam Sothilingam"},{id:"117223",title:"Dr.",name:"Murali",surname:"Sundram",slug:"murali-sundram",fullName:"Murali Sundram"},{id:"120022",title:"Dr.",name:"Leong",surname:"Ai Chen",slug:"leong-ai-chen",fullName:"Leong Ai Chen"}],corrections:null},{id:"24263",title:"Elderly and Early Prostate Cancer",doi:"10.5772/31348",slug:"elderly-and-early-prostate-cancer",totalDownloads:1269,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"K. Stamatiou",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24263",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24263",authors:[{id:"86691",title:"Dr.",name:"Konstantinos",surname:"Stamatiou",slug:"konstantinos-stamatiou",fullName:"Konstantinos Stamatiou"}],corrections:null},{id:"24264",title:"Tumoral Markers in Prostate Cancer",doi:"10.5772/25654",slug:"tumoral-markers-in-prostate-cancer",totalDownloads:1300,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez and Esaú Floriano-Sánchez",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24264",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24264",authors:[{id:"64034",title:"Dr.",name:"Esaú",surname:"Floriano-Sánchez",slug:"esau-floriano-sanchez",fullName:"Esaú Floriano-Sánchez"},{id:"64059",title:"MSc",name:"Noemi",surname:"Rodriguez",slug:"noemi-rodriguez",fullName:"Noemi Rodriguez"}],corrections:null},{id:"24265",title:"Improving Prostate Cancer Classification: A Round Robin Forward Sequential Selection Approach",doi:"10.5772/26142",slug:"improving-prostate-cancer-classification-a-round-robin-forward-sequential-selection-approach",totalDownloads:1326,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Sabrina Bouatmane, Ahmed Bouridane, Mohamed Ali Roula and Somaya Al-Maadeed",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24265",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24265",authors:[{id:"65661",title:"Prof.",name:"Ahmed",surname:"Bouridane",slug:"ahmed-bouridane",fullName:"Ahmed Bouridane"},{id:"69210",title:"Ms.",name:"Sabrina",surname:"Bouatmane",slug:"sabrina-bouatmane",fullName:"Sabrina Bouatmane"},{id:"69212",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohammed Ali",surname:"Roula",slug:"mohammed-ali-roula",fullName:"Mohammed Ali Roula"},{id:"69215",title:"Dr.",name:"Somaya",surname:"Al-Maadeed",slug:"somaya-al-maadeed",fullName:"Somaya Al-Maadeed"}],corrections:null},{id:"24266",title:"New Selenoderivatives as Antitumoral Agents",doi:"10.5772/26680",slug:"new-selenoderivatives-as-antitumoral-agents",totalDownloads:2024,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Carmen Sanmartín, Juan Antonio Palop, Beatriz Romano and Daniel Plano",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24266",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24266",authors:[{id:"67542",title:"Prof.",name:"Carmen",surname:"Sanmartín",slug:"carmen-sanmartin",fullName:"Carmen Sanmartín"},{id:"67557",title:"Prof.",name:"Juan Antonio",surname:"Palop",slug:"juan-antonio-palop",fullName:"Juan Antonio Palop"},{id:"67558",title:"Mrs.",name:"Beatriz",surname:"Romano",slug:"beatriz-romano",fullName:"Beatriz Romano"},{id:"69223",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",surname:"Plano",slug:"daniel-plano",fullName:"Daniel Plano"}],corrections:null},{id:"24267",title:"Stem Like Cells and Androgen Deprivation in Prostate Cancer",doi:"10.5772/26040",slug:"stem-like-cells-and-androgen-deprivation-in-prostate-cancer",totalDownloads:1309,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Yao Tang, Mohammad A. Khan, Bin Zhang and Arif Hussain",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24267",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24267",authors:[{id:"65341",title:"Dr.",name:"Yao",surname:"Tang",slug:"yao-tang",fullName:"Yao Tang"},{id:"69510",title:"Dr.",name:"Arif",surname:"Hussain",slug:"arif-hussain",fullName:"Arif Hussain"},{id:"69512",title:"Dr.",name:"Bin",surname:"Zhang",slug:"bin-zhang",fullName:"Bin Zhang"},{id:"122555",title:"Mr.",name:"Mohammad",surname:"Khan",slug:"mohammad-khan",fullName:"Mohammad Khan"}],corrections:null},{id:"24268",title:"Injection Site Granulomas Resulting from Administration of Leuprorelin Acetate",doi:"10.5772/25392",slug:"injection-site-granulomas-resulting-from-administration-of-leuprorelin-acetate",totalDownloads:2365,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Taku Suzuki and Hideki Mukai",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24268",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24268",authors:[{id:"63166",title:"Dr.",name:"Taku",surname:"Suzuki",slug:"taku-suzuki",fullName:"Taku Suzuki"},{id:"106427",title:"Dr.",name:"Hideki",surname:"Mukai",slug:"hideki-mukai",fullName:"Hideki Mukai"}],corrections:null},{id:"24269",title:"New Botanical Materials with Anti-Androgenic Activity",doi:"10.5772/26104",slug:"new-botanical-materials-with-anti-androgenic-activity",totalDownloads:2674,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Tomoyuki Koyama",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24269",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24269",authors:[{id:"65557",title:"Dr.",name:"Tomoyuki",surname:"Koyama",slug:"tomoyuki-koyama",fullName:"Tomoyuki Koyama"}],corrections:null},{id:"24270",title:"Inhibition of Advanced Prostate Cancer by Androgens and Liver X Receptor Agonists",doi:"10.5772/25334",slug:"inhibition-of-advanced-prostate-cancer-by-androgens-and-liver-x-receptor-agonists",totalDownloads:1142,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Chih-Pin Chuu, Hui-Ping Lin, Ching-Yu Lin, Chiech Huo and Liang-Cheng Su",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/24270",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/24270",authors:[{id:"63027",title:"Dr.",name:"Chih-Pin",surname:"Chuu",slug:"chih-pin-chuu",fullName:"Chih-Pin Chuu"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"1845",title:"Prostate Cancer",subtitle:"Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advances",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3be3f6b756cec080cfcacd2251b62a5c",slug:"prostate-cancer-diagnostic-and-therapeutic-advances",bookSignature:"Philippe E. Spiess",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1845.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"64476",title:"Dr.",name:"Philippe E.",surname:"Spiess",slug:"philippe-e.-spiess",fullName:"Philippe E. Spiess"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"777",title:"Prostate Cancer",subtitle:"From Bench to Bedside",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d5a01877eb8f560e8aeee899be80f547",slug:"prostate-cancer-from-bench-to-bedside",bookSignature:"Philippe E. Spiess",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/777.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"64476",title:"Dr.",name:"Philippe E.",surname:"Spiess",slug:"philippe-e.-spiess",fullName:"Philippe E. Spiess"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3274",title:"Advances in Prostate Cancer",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fb7257d982e3228ceb9320f595ae1c58",slug:"advances-in-prostate-cancer",bookSignature:"Gerhard Hamilton",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3274.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"67794",title:"Prof.",name:"Gerhard",surname:"Hamilton",slug:"gerhard-hamilton",fullName:"Gerhard Hamilton"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1312",title:"Advances in Cancer Management",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dc1cad15f23e313cd067e7e7b4511005",slug:"advances-in-cancer-management",bookSignature:"Ravinder Mohan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1312.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58197",title:"Prof.",name:"Ravinder",surname:"Mohan",slug:"ravinder-mohan",fullName:"Ravinder Mohan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"559",title:"Bladder Cancer",subtitle:"From Basic Science to Robotic Surgery",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"117cbfaa858282ed2cdb9a81ce411def",slug:"bladder-cancer-from-basic-science-to-robotic-surgery",bookSignature:"Abdullah Erdem Canda",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/559.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"69657",title:"Prof.",name:"Abdullah Erdem",surname:"Canda",slug:"abdullah-erdem-canda",fullName:"Abdullah Erdem Canda"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"789",title:"Emerging Research and Treatments in Renal Cell Carcinoma",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"616688465519d2b5bcb1d867a3806714",slug:"emerging-research-and-treatments-in-renal-cell-carcinoma",bookSignature:"Robert J. Amato",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/789.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"73752",title:"Dr.",name:"Robert",surname:"Amato",slug:"robert-amato",fullName:"Robert Amato"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5256",title:"Human Papillomavirus",subtitle:"Research in a Global Perspective",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8d66d3c0bc41a12be8217ca0cee52b60",slug:"human-papillomavirus-research-in-a-global-perspective",bookSignature:"Rajamanickam Rajkumar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5256.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"120109",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajamanickam",surname:"Rajkumar",slug:"rajamanickam-rajkumar",fullName:"Rajamanickam Rajkumar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"960",title:"Cancer of the Uterine Endometrium",subtitle:"Advances and Controversies",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e31a8846983568317bbe451b6e32b4c6",slug:"cancer-of-the-uterine-endometrium-advances-and-controversies",bookSignature:"J. Salvador Saldivar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/960.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"71352",title:"Dr.",name:"J.S.",surname:"Saldivar",slug:"j.s.-saldivar",fullName:"J.S. Saldivar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3441",title:"Renal Tumor",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8113c9de84f8da9eec92bea7f394e8ef",slug:"renal-tumor",bookSignature:"Jindong Chen",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3441.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"158564",title:"Prof.",name:"Jindong",surname:"Chen",slug:"jindong-chen",fullName:"Jindong Chen"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3395",title:"Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases",subtitle:"From Bench to Bedside - A Diagnostic and Preventive Perspective",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c6c3820fb6deb675bd38fa1954ec4f56",slug:"human-papillomavirus-and-related-diseases-from-bench-to-bedside-a-diagnostic-and-preventive-perspective",bookSignature:"Davy Vanden Broeck",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3395.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"93213",title:"Dr.",name:"Davy",surname:"Vanden Broeck",slug:"davy-vanden-broeck",fullName:"Davy Vanden Broeck"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],ofsBooks:[]},correction:{item:{id:"74918",slug:"corrigendum-to-a-hybrid-control-approach-based-on-the-combination-of-pid-control-with-lqr-optimal-co",title:"Corrigendum to: A Hybrid Control Approach Based on the Combination of PID Control with LQR Optimal Control",doi:null,correctionPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/74918.pdf",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/74918",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/74918",totalDownloads:null,totalCrossrefCites:null,bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/74918",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/74918",chapter:{id:"74293",slug:"a-hybrid-control-approach-based-on-the-combination-of-pid-control-with-lqr-optimal-control",signatures:"Ibrahim K. Mohammed",dateSubmitted:"July 8th 2020",dateReviewed:"November 4th 2020",datePrePublished:"December 3rd 2020",datePublished:null,book:{id:"9887",title:"Advance Innovation and Expansion of PID Controllers",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Advance Innovation and Expansion of PID Controllers",slug:null,publishedDate:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Wei Wang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9887.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"101176",title:"Prof.",name:"Wei",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"wei-wang",fullName:"Wei Wang"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:null}},chapter:{id:"74293",slug:"a-hybrid-control-approach-based-on-the-combination-of-pid-control-with-lqr-optimal-control",signatures:"Ibrahim K. Mohammed",dateSubmitted:"July 8th 2020",dateReviewed:"November 4th 2020",datePrePublished:"December 3rd 2020",datePublished:null,book:{id:"9887",title:"Advance Innovation and Expansion of PID Controllers",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Advance Innovation and Expansion of PID Controllers",slug:null,publishedDate:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Wei Wang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9887.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"101176",title:"Prof.",name:"Wei",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"wei-wang",fullName:"Wei Wang"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:null},book:{id:"9887",title:"Advance Innovation and Expansion of PID Controllers",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Advance Innovation and Expansion of PID Controllers",slug:null,publishedDate:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Wei Wang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9887.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"101176",title:"Prof.",name:"Wei",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"wei-wang",fullName:"Wei Wang"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},ofsBook:{item:{type:"book",id:"10358",leadTitle:null,title:"Silage - Recent Advances and New Perspectives",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"\r\n\tThis book aims to investigate the recent advances in the ensilage technologies through the results obtained for several forage crops used around the world as well as to bring the new perspectives for using chemical and microbial additives to making silages well preserved. It will present new additives with great potential to be used in many types of silages. Chemical and microbial additives have been widely used to control undesirable fermentation, as well as to ensure high aerobic stability. However, some new additives are being studied with great expectations. We intend to describe the different types of silos used in all conditions both in large and in small scale and how to control the losses during the fermentation process and after silos opening.
",isbn:"978-1-83969-114-0",printIsbn:"978-1-83969-113-3",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83969-115-7",doi:null,price:0,priceEur:0,priceUsd:0,slug:null,numberOfPages:0,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1e33f63e9311af352daf51d49f0a3aef",bookSignature:"Dr. Juliana Oliveira and Dr. Edson Mauro Santos",publishedDate:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10358.jpg",keywords:"Corn, Legume, Sorghum, Grass, Chemical Additives, Antimicrobial, Fermentation Stimulating, Microbial Additives, Lactic Bacteria, Homofermentative, Heterofermentative, Types of Silos",numberOfDownloads:null,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:null,numberOfDimensionsCitations:null,numberOfTotalCitations:null,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"October 15th 2020",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"November 30th 2020",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"January 29th 2021",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"April 19th 2021",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"June 18th 2021",remainingDaysToSecondStep:"5 months",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:4,editedByType:null,kuFlag:!1,biosketch:"Associate professor at the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB) and research productivity fellow at the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). She has been working for more than fifteen years in the use of forages in the diet of ruminant animals.",coeditorOneBiosketch:"Edson Santos is a researcher of the Brazilian Research National Councill – CNPq. During his research career, he has authored and co-authored more than 170 articles in peer-reviewed international journals.",coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"180036",title:"Dr.",name:"Juliana",middleName:null,surname:"Oliveira",slug:"juliana-oliveira",fullName:"Juliana Oliveira",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/180036/images/system/180036.png",biography:"Juliana Oliveira is graduate in Animal Science and Doctor in Animal Science by Viçosa Federal University. She is specialized in animal feed and use of forage for small ruminants in the tropics. Your researches are based in using forage conservation to improve animal performance associated with using adapted crops in semiarid regions. She is Associate Professor at Paraiba Federal University since 2008.",institutionString:"Federal University of Paraíba",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Federal University of Paraíba",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}}],coeditorOne:{id:"139631",title:"Dr.",name:"Edson Mauro",middleName:null,surname:"Santos",slug:"edson-mauro-santos",fullName:"Edson Mauro Santos",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/139631/images/3204_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Santos is a professor of Forage Crops and Pastures and Beef Cattle at the Federal University of Paraiba. Dr. Santos received his PhD in Animal Science (forage crops and ruminant nutrition) from the Federal University of Vicosa, a master’s degree in Animal Science (forage crops and ruminant nutrition), and a BS degree in Animal Science from the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. Dr. Santos’ areas of interest include silage microbiology, cultivation and conservation of forage crops in semiarid regions, alternative feeds for ruminants, and pasture management.",institutionString:"Federal University of Paraíba",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Federal University of Paraíba",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"5",title:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",slug:"agricultural-and-biological-sciences"}],chapters:null,productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"205697",firstName:"Kristina",lastName:"Kardum Cvitan",middleName:null,title:"Ms.",imageUrl:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/205697/images/5186_n.jpg",email:"kristina.k@intechopen.com",biography:"As an Author Service Manager my responsibilities include monitoring and facilitating all publishing activities for authors and editors. From chapter submission and review, to approval and revision, copyediting and design, until final publication, I work closely with authors and editors to ensure a simple and easy publishing process. I maintain constant and effective communication with authors, editors and reviewers, which allows for a level of personal support that enables contributors to fully commit and concentrate on the chapters they are writing, editing, or reviewing. I assist authors in the preparation of their full chapter submissions and track important deadlines and ensure they are met. I help to coordinate internal processes such as linguistic review, and monitor the technical aspects of the process. As an ASM I am also involved in the acquisition of editors. Whether that be identifying an exceptional author and proposing an editorship collaboration, or contacting researchers who would like the opportunity to work with IntechOpen, I establish and help manage author and editor acquisition and contact."}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"6418",title:"Hyperspectral Imaging in Agriculture, Food and Environment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9005c36534a5dc065577a011aea13d4d",slug:"hyperspectral-imaging-in-agriculture-food-and-environment",bookSignature:"Alejandro Isabel Luna Maldonado, Humberto Rodríguez Fuentes and Juan Antonio Vidales Contreras",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6418.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"105774",title:"Prof.",name:"Alejandro Isabel",surname:"Luna Maldonado",slug:"alejandro-isabel-luna-maldonado",fullName:"Alejandro Isabel Luna Maldonado"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophanides",surname:"Theophile",slug:"theophanides-theophile",fullName:"Theophanides Theophile"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"314",title:"Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering",subtitle:"Cells and Biomaterials",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bb67e80e480c86bb8315458012d65686",slug:"regenerative-medicine-and-tissue-engineering-cells-and-biomaterials",bookSignature:"Daniel Eberli",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/314.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"6495",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",surname:"Eberli",slug:"daniel-eberli",fullName:"Daniel Eberli"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"57",title:"Physics and Applications of Graphene",subtitle:"Experiments",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0e6622a71cf4f02f45bfdd5691e1189a",slug:"physics-and-applications-of-graphene-experiments",bookSignature:"Sergey Mikhailov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/57.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"16042",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergey",surname:"Mikhailov",slug:"sergey-mikhailov",fullName:"Sergey Mikhailov"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1373",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Applications and Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e9ae5ae9167cde4b344e499a792c41c",slug:"ionic-liquids-applications-and-perspectives",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1373.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2270",title:"Fourier Transform",subtitle:"Materials Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e094b066da527193e878e160b4772af",slug:"fourier-transform-materials-analysis",bookSignature:"Salih Mohammed Salih",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2270.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"111691",title:"Dr.Ing.",name:"Salih",surname:"Salih",slug:"salih-salih",fullName:"Salih Salih"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"28118",title:"Drug Synergy – Mechanisms and Methods of Analysis",doi:"10.5772/30922",slug:"drug-synergy-mechanisms-and-methods-of-analysis",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/28118.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/28118",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/28118",totalDownloads:14727,totalViews:441,totalCrossrefCites:14,totalDimensionsCites:29,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:"March 24th 2011",dateReviewed:"September 12th 2011",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"February 10th 2012",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/28118",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/28118",book:{slug:"toxicity-and-drug-testing"},signatures:"Hans-Georg Breitinger",authors:[{id:"84775",title:"Prof.",name:"Hans-Georg",middleName:null,surname:"Breitinger",fullName:"Hans-Georg Breitinger",slug:"hans-georg-breitinger",email:"hans.breitinger@guc.edu.eg",position:null,institution:{name:"German University in Cairo",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"1507",title:"Toxicity and Drug Testing",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Toxicity and Drug Testing",slug:"toxicity-and-drug-testing",publishedDate:"February 10th 2012",bookSignature:"William Acree",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1507.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-51-0004-1",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-4363-5",editors:[{id:"24335",title:"Prof.",name:"Bill",middleName:null,surname:"Acree",slug:"bill-acree",fullName:"Bill Acree"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"28112",title:"Blood Brain Barrier Permeation",slug:"blood-brain-barrier-penetration",totalDownloads:6901,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Abolghasem Jouyban and Somaieh Soltani",authors:[{id:"34056",title:"Prof.",name:"Abolghasem",middleName:null,surname:"Jouyban",fullName:"Abolghasem Jouyban",slug:"abolghasem-jouyban"},{id:"38571",title:"Dr.",name:"Somaieh",middleName:null,surname:"Soltani",fullName:"Somaieh Soltani",slug:"somaieh-soltani"}]},{id:"28113",title:"Diagnostic Accuracy and Interpretation of Urine Drug Testing for Pain Patients: An Evidence-Based Approach",slug:"urine-drug-testing-in-pain-patients",totalDownloads:6066,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Amadeo Pesce, Cameron West, Kathy Egan-City and William Clarke",authors:[{id:"26042",title:"Prof.",name:"Amadeo",middleName:null,surname:"Pesce",fullName:"Amadeo Pesce",slug:"amadeo-pesce"},{id:"31735",title:"Dr.",name:"Cameron",middleName:null,surname:"West",fullName:"Cameron West",slug:"cameron-west"},{id:"65080",title:"Dr.",name:"William",middleName:null,surname:"Clarke",fullName:"William Clarke",slug:"william-clarke"},{id:"65081",title:"Mrs",name:"Kathleen",middleName:null,surname:"Egan City",fullName:"Kathleen Egan City",slug:"kathleen-egan-city"}]},{id:"28114",title:"Experimental and Computational Methods Pertaining to Surface Tension of Pharmaceuticals",slug:"experimental-and-computational-methods-pertaining-to-surface-tension-of-pharmaceuticals",totalDownloads:5348,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Abolghasem Jouyban and Anahita Fathi-Azarbayjan",authors:[{id:"34056",title:"Prof.",name:"Abolghasem",middleName:null,surname:"Jouyban",fullName:"Abolghasem Jouyban",slug:"abolghasem-jouyban"},{id:"41408",title:"Dr.",name:"Anahita",middleName:null,surname:"Fathi-Azarbayjani",fullName:"Anahita Fathi-Azarbayjani",slug:"anahita-fathi-azarbayjani"}]},{id:"28115",title:"Multi-Well Engineered Heart Tissue for Drug Screening and Predictive Toxicology",slug:"multi-well-engineered-heart-tissue-for-drug-screening-and-predictive-toxicology",totalDownloads:2209,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Alexandra Eder, Arne Hansen and Thomas Eschenhagen",authors:[{id:"31696",title:"Dr.",name:"Thomas",middleName:null,surname:"Eschenhagen",fullName:"Thomas Eschenhagen",slug:"thomas-eschenhagen"},{id:"39303",title:"Ms.",name:"Alexandra",middleName:null,surname:"Eder",fullName:"Alexandra Eder",slug:"alexandra-eder"},{id:"39304",title:"Dr.",name:"Arne",middleName:null,surname:"Hansen",fullName:"Arne Hansen",slug:"arne-hansen"}]},{id:"28116",title:"Prediction of Partition Coefficients and Permeability of Drug Molecules in Biological Systems with Abraham Model Solute Descriptors Derived from Measured Solubilities and Water-to-Organic Solvent Partition Coefficients",slug:"prediction-of-partition-coefficients-and-permeability-of-drug-molecules-in-biological-systems-with-a",totalDownloads:9226,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"William E. Acree, Jr., Laura M. Grubbs and Michael H. Abraham",authors:[{id:"18022",title:"Dr.",name:"William E.",middleName:null,surname:"Acree, Jr.",fullName:"William E. Acree, Jr.",slug:"william-e.-acree-jr."},{id:"18027",title:"PhD.",name:"Laura",middleName:null,surname:"Grubbs",fullName:"Laura Grubbs",slug:"laura-grubbs"},{id:"18028",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael H.",middleName:null,surname:"Abraham",fullName:"Michael H. Abraham",slug:"michael-h.-abraham"}]},{id:"28117",title:"Variability of Plasma Methadone Concentration in Opiate Dependent Receiving Methadone: A Personalised Approach Towards Optimizing Dose",slug:"variability-of-plasma-methadone-concentration-in-opiate-dependent-receiving-methadone-a-personalised",totalDownloads:2211,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Nasir Mohamad, Nor Hidayah Abu Bakar, Tan Soo Choon, Sim Hann Liang, NIM Nazar, Ilya Irinaz Idrus and Rusli Ismail",authors:[{id:"78599",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Nasir",middleName:null,surname:"Mohamad",fullName:"Nasir Mohamad",slug:"nasir-mohamad"},{id:"90705",title:"Prof.",name:"Tan Soo",middleName:null,surname:"Choon",fullName:"Tan Soo Choon",slug:"tan-soo-choon"},{id:"90706",title:"Prof.",name:"Rusli",middleName:null,surname:"Ismail",fullName:"Rusli Ismail",slug:"rusli-ismail"},{id:"123621",title:"Dr.",name:"Nor Hidayah",middleName:null,surname:"Abu Bakar",fullName:"Nor Hidayah Abu Bakar",slug:"nor-hidayah-abu-bakar"},{id:"123623",title:"BSc.",name:"Hann Liang",middleName:null,surname:"Sim",fullName:"Hann Liang Sim",slug:"hann-liang-sim"},{id:"123626",title:"Dr.",name:"Nazar",middleName:null,surname:"Nim",fullName:"Nazar Nim",slug:"nazar-nim"},{id:"123627",title:"Dr.",name:"Ilya Irinaz",middleName:null,surname:"Idrus",fullName:"Ilya Irinaz Idrus",slug:"ilya-irinaz-idrus"}]},{id:"28118",title:"Drug Synergy – Mechanisms and Methods of Analysis",slug:"drug-synergy-mechanisms-and-methods-of-analysis",totalDownloads:14727,totalCrossrefCites:14,signatures:"Hans-Georg Breitinger",authors:[{id:"84775",title:"Prof.",name:"Hans-Georg",middleName:null,surname:"Breitinger",fullName:"Hans-Georg Breitinger",slug:"hans-georg-breitinger"}]},{id:"28119",title:"Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Malaria: Vernonia amygdalina: An Overview of Evidence and Pharmacology",slug:"herbal-medicine-in-the-treatment-of-malaria-vernonia-amygdalina-an-overview-of-evidence-and-pharmaco",totalDownloads:4013,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Anoka A. Njan",authors:[{id:"82286",title:"Dr.",name:"Anoka",middleName:"A.",surname:"Njan",fullName:"Anoka Njan",slug:"anoka-njan"}]},{id:"28120",title:"Experimental and Computational Methods Pertaining to Drug Solubility",slug:"experimental-and-computational-methods-pertaining-to-drug-solubility",totalDownloads:6808,totalCrossrefCites:19,signatures:"Abolghasem Jouyban and Mohammad A. A. Fakhree",authors:[{id:"34056",title:"Prof.",name:"Abolghasem",middleName:null,surname:"Jouyban",fullName:"Abolghasem Jouyban",slug:"abolghasem-jouyban"},{id:"38073",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohammad Amin",middleName:null,surname:"Abolghassemi Fakhree",fullName:"Mohammad Amin Abolghassemi Fakhree",slug:"mohammad-amin-abolghassemi-fakhree"}]},{id:"28121",title:"Toxic Effects of Cadmium on Crabs and Shrimps",slug:"toxic-effects-of-cadmium-on-crabs-and-shrimps",totalDownloads:3466,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"Xianjiang Kang, Shumei Mu, Wenyan Li and Na Zhao",authors:[{id:"79268",title:"Prof.",name:"Xianjiang",middleName:null,surname:"Kang",fullName:"Xianjiang Kang",slug:"xianjiang-kang"}]},{id:"28122",title:"Paraquat, Between Apoptosis and Autophagy",slug:"paraquat-between-apoptosis-and-autophagy",totalDownloads:2658,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Rosa A. González-Polo, José M. Bravo-San Pedro, Rubén Gómez-Sánchez, Elisa Pizarro-Estrella, Mireia Niso-Santano and José M. Fuentes",authors:[{id:"82741",title:"Prof.",name:"Jose M",middleName:null,surname:"Fuentes",fullName:"Jose M Fuentes",slug:"jose-m-fuentes"},{id:"88697",title:"Dr.",name:"Rosa A.",middleName:null,surname:"Gonzalez-Polo",fullName:"Rosa A. Gonzalez-Polo",slug:"rosa-a.-gonzalez-polo"},{id:"88699",title:"Mr.",name:"José M",middleName:null,surname:"Bravo-San Pedro",fullName:"José M Bravo-San Pedro",slug:"jose-m-bravo-san-pedro"},{id:"88994",title:"Dr.",name:"Rubén",middleName:null,surname:"Gómez-Sánchez",fullName:"Rubén Gómez-Sánchez",slug:"ruben-gomez-sanchez"},{id:"88995",title:"Dr.",name:"Mireia",middleName:null,surname:"Niso-Santano",fullName:"Mireia Niso-Santano",slug:"mireia-niso-santano"},{id:"88996",title:"Ms.",name:"Elisa",middleName:null,surname:"Pizarro-Estrella",fullName:"Elisa Pizarro-Estrella",slug:"elisa-pizarro-estrella"}]},{id:"28123",title:"Prediction of Toxicity, Sensory Responses and Biological Responses with the Abraham Model",slug:"prediction-of-toxicity-sensory-responses-and-biological-responses-with-the-abraham-model",totalDownloads:4072,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"William E. Acree, Jr., Laura M. Grubbs and Michael H. Abraham",authors:[{id:"18022",title:"Dr.",name:"William E.",middleName:null,surname:"Acree, Jr.",fullName:"William E. Acree, Jr.",slug:"william-e.-acree-jr."},{id:"18027",title:"PhD.",name:"Laura",middleName:null,surname:"Grubbs",fullName:"Laura Grubbs",slug:"laura-grubbs"},{id:"18028",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael H.",middleName:null,surname:"Abraham",fullName:"Michael H. Abraham",slug:"michael-h.-abraham"}]},{id:"28124",title:"Mikania glomerata and M. laevigata: Clinical and Toxicological Advances",slug:"scientific-aspects-of-mikania-glomerata-and-m-laevigata",totalDownloads:3132,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"João Cleverson Gasparetto, Roberto Pontarolo, Thais M. Guimarães de Francisco and Francinete Ramos Campos",authors:[{id:"55129",title:"Dr.",name:"Roberto",middleName:null,surname:"Pontarolo",fullName:"Roberto Pontarolo",slug:"roberto-pontarolo"}]},{id:"28125",title:"Evaluation of Drug Toxicity for DNA Vaccine Candidates Against Infectious Diseases: Hepatitis C as Experimental Model",slug:"evaluation-of-drug-toxicity-for-dna-vaccine-candidates-against-infectious-diseases-hepatitis-c-as-ex",totalDownloads:2297,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Dania Bacardí, Karelia Cosme, José Suárez, Yalena Amador-Cañizares and Santiago Dueñas-Carrera",authors:[{id:"90978",title:"MSc.",name:"Dania",middleName:null,surname:"Bacardí",fullName:"Dania Bacardí",slug:"dania-bacardi"}]},{id:"28126",title:"Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning",slug:"aluminium-phosphide-poisoning",totalDownloads:10373,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Babak Mostafazadeh",authors:[{id:"82148",title:"Dr.",name:"Babak",middleName:null,surname:"Mostafazadeh",fullName:"Babak Mostafazadeh",slug:"babak-mostafazadeh"}]},{id:"28127",title:"Application of a New Genotoxicity Test System with Human Hepatocyte Cell Lines to Improve the Risk Assessment in the Drug Development",slug:"application-of-a-new-genotoxicity-test-system-with-human-hepatocyte-cell-lines-to-improve-the-risk-a",totalDownloads:2860,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Tsuneo Hashizume and Hiroaki Oda",authors:[{id:"88651",title:"Dr.",name:"Hiroaki",middleName:null,surname:"Oda",fullName:"Hiroaki Oda",slug:"hiroaki-oda"},{id:"89227",title:"Dr.",name:"Tsuneo",middleName:null,surname:"Hashizume",fullName:"Tsuneo Hashizume",slug:"tsuneo-hashizume"}]},{id:"28128",title:"Genotoxic Impurities in Pharmaceuticals",slug:"genotoxic-impurities-in-pharmaceuticals",totalDownloads:23314,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Abolghasem Jouyban and Hamed Parsa",authors:[{id:"123504",title:"Dr.",name:"Hamed",middleName:null,surname:"Parsa Khankandi",fullName:"Hamed Parsa Khankandi",slug:"hamed-parsa-khankandi"}]},{id:"28129",title:"Measurement Uncertainty in Forensic Toxicology: Its Estimation, Reporting and Interpretation",slug:"measurement-uncertainty-in-forensic-toxicology-its-estimation-reporting-and-interpretation",totalDownloads:4209,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Rod G. Gullberg",authors:[{id:"85479",title:"Mr.",name:null,middleName:null,surname:"Gullberg",fullName:"Gullberg",slug:"gullberg"}]},{id:"28130",title:"Toxicokinetics and Organ-Specific Toxicity",slug:"toxicokinetics-and-organ-specific-toxicity",totalDownloads:2174,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"P.D. Ward",authors:[{id:"80588",title:"Dr.",name:"Peter",middleName:null,surname:"Ward",fullName:"Peter Ward",slug:"peter-ward"}]},{id:"28131",title:"Environmental Toxicants Induced Male Reproductive Disorders: Identification and Mechanism of Action",slug:"environmental-toxicants-induced-male-reproductive-disorders-identification-and-mechanism-of-action-",totalDownloads:4168,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Kuladip Jana and Parimal C. Sen",authors:[{id:"78732",title:"Dr.",name:"Kuladip",middleName:null,surname:"Jana",fullName:"Kuladip Jana",slug:"kuladip-jana"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"7047",title:"Botulinum Toxin",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2a6791462a0bbc32c6da3218dcf5ac28",slug:"botulinum-toxin",bookSignature:"Nikolay Serdev",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7047.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"32585",title:"Dr.",name:"Nikolay",surname:"Serdev",slug:"nikolay-serdev",fullName:"Nikolay Serdev"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"62361",title:"Botulinum Toxins, Diversity, Mode of Action, Epidemiology of Botulism in France",slug:"botulinum-toxins-diversity-mode-of-action-epidemiology-of-botulism-in-france",signatures:"Michel R. Popoff",authors:[{id:"250271",title:"Dr.",name:"Michel",middleName:null,surname:"Popoff",fullName:"Michel Popoff",slug:"michel-popoff"}]},{id:"62848",title:"Botulinum Toxin Adverse Events",slug:"botulinum-toxin-adverse-events",signatures:"Raffaela Pero, Sonia Laneri and Giovanna Fico",authors:[{id:"250248",title:"Prof.",name:"Raffaela",middleName:null,surname:"Pero",fullName:"Raffaela Pero",slug:"raffaela-pero"},{id:"264467",title:"Prof.",name:"Sonia",middleName:null,surname:"Laneri",fullName:"Sonia Laneri",slug:"sonia-laneri"},{id:"264468",title:"Dr.",name:"Giovanna",middleName:null,surname:"Fico",fullName:"Giovanna Fico",slug:"giovanna-fico"}]},{id:"63468",title:"Experimental Comparative Effects of Botulinum Toxin A between Subtypes A1 and A2 in Movement Disorders in Rats",slug:"experimental-comparative-effects-of-botulinum-toxin-a-between-subtypes-a1-and-a2-in-movement-disorde",signatures:"Tomoko Kohda, Yasushi Torii and Hidemitsu Nakajima",authors:[{id:"221540",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Hidemitsu",middleName:null,surname:"Nakajima",fullName:"Hidemitsu Nakajima",slug:"hidemitsu-nakajima"},{id:"251147",title:"Dr.",name:"Tomoko",middleName:null,surname:"Kohda",fullName:"Tomoko Kohda",slug:"tomoko-kohda"},{id:"252690",title:"Dr.",name:"Yasushi",middleName:null,surname:"Torii",fullName:"Yasushi Torii",slug:"yasushi-torii"}]},{id:"62524",title:"Adjuvant Botulinum Toxin Harmonisation in Minimally Invasive Facial Aesthetic Surgery",slug:"adjuvant-botulinum-toxin-harmonisation-in-minimally-invasive-facial-aesthetic-surgery",signatures:"Chedly Bouzouaya and Ronald Feiner",authors:[{id:"151273",title:"Dr.",name:"Ronald",middleName:"Ian David",surname:"Feiner",fullName:"Ronald Feiner",slug:"ronald-feiner"},{id:"151341",title:"Dr.",name:"Chedly",middleName:null,surname:"Bouzouaya",fullName:"Chedly Bouzouaya",slug:"chedly-bouzouaya"}]},{id:"62650",title:"Masseter Hypertrophy: Toxin Treatment Techniques, Causes of Complications, and Prevention",slug:"masseter-hypertrophy-toxin-treatment-techniques-causes-of-complications-and-prevention",signatures:"Hsien-Li Peter Peng",authors:[{id:"248440",title:"M.D.",name:"Hsien Li Peter",middleName:null,surname:"Peng",fullName:"Hsien Li Peter Peng",slug:"hsien-li-peter-peng"}]},{id:"62007",title:"Botulinum Toxin in Dentistry",slug:"botulinum-toxin-in-dentistry",signatures:"Diana Mostafa",authors:[{id:"249415",title:"Dr.",name:"Diana",middleName:null,surname:"Mostafa",fullName:"Diana Mostafa",slug:"diana-mostafa"}]},{id:"62222",title:"Botulinum Toxin for the Treatment of Chronic Migraines",slug:"botulinum-toxin-for-the-treatment-of-chronic-migraines",signatures:"Alberto Jaime Kalach-Mussali and Daniel Mondlak Algazi",authors:[{id:"247134",title:"M.D.",name:"Alberto J.",middleName:null,surname:"Kalach-Mussali",fullName:"Alberto J. Kalach-Mussali",slug:"alberto-j.-kalach-mussali"},{id:"247138",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",middleName:null,surname:"Mondlak-Algazi",fullName:"Daniel Mondlak-Algazi",slug:"daniel-mondlak-algazi"}]},{id:"62666",title:"Urological Applications of Botulinum Toxin A",slug:"urological-applications-of-botulinum-toxin-a",signatures:"Said M. Yaiesh, Meshari F. Almutairi, Abdullatif E. Al-Terki and Tariq F. Al-Shaiji",authors:[{id:"64097",title:"Dr.",name:"Tariq",middleName:"F.",surname:"Al-Shaiji",fullName:"Tariq Al-Shaiji",slug:"tariq-al-shaiji"}]}]}]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"64253",title:"Renal Amyloidosis",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.81677",slug:"renal-amyloidosis",body:'Modern amyloid nomenclature, based on the amyloid fibril proteins, includes 31 types of amyloidosis [1]. Renal involvement is commonly seen in AL, AH, AA, ALECT2, and several other hereditary and acquired amyloidoses [1, 2, 3, 4], main features are summarized in Table 1.
Protein precursor | Fibril protein | Clinical setting | Kidney damage | Other target organs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Immunoglobulin light chain | AL | “Primary” amyloidosis, LPD | 70% | All organs |
Immunoglobulin heavy chain | AH | LPD | — | All organs |
Serum amyloid A | AA | Chronic inflammation | 90% | All organs except CNS |
Leucocyte chemotactic factor-2 | ALECT2 | Not defined as acquired or hereditary | Primarily | Liver |
Transthyretin | ATTR | Hereditary and acquired | Common | Heart, Eye, PNS, ANS, ligaments, tendon synovium, leptomeninges |
Apolipoprotein A I | AapoAI | Hereditary | Common | Heart, liver, PNS, testis, larynx, skin |
Apolipoprotein A II | AapoAII | Hereditary | Primarily | Many organs |
Apolipoprotein A IV | AapoAIV | Acquired | Primarily | — |
Fibrinogen α | AFib | Hereditary | Primarily | — |
Lysozyme | ALys | Hereditary | Primarily | Liver |
Amyloidoses with renal involvement.
LPD, lymphoproliferative disorders; CNS, central nervous system; PNS, peripheral nervous system; ANS, autonomous nervous system.
We describe below two most common types of amyloidosis, damaging kidneys—AA amyloidosis and AL amyloidosis.
The precursor protein of the fibrils in AA amyloidosis is an apolipoprotein, called serum amyloid A, and produced in the liver in response to proinflammatory cytokines. AA amyloidosis, constituting up to 45% of all systemic amyloidosis cases, is associated with wide variety of chronic inflammatory conditions [5, 6, 7], summarized in the Table 2.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diseases, associated with AA amyloidosis.
HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; SAPHO, synovitis, acne, pustules, hyperostosis, osteitis; TRAPS, TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome; NOMID, neonatal multisystem inflammatory disease; CINCA, chronic infantile neurological cutaneous and articular syndrome.
Kidneys are the main site of involvement in AA amyloidosis, renal damage (Figure 1) occurs in 90% of cases, presenting with proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome (NS) and impaired kidney function [3, 6].
Renal AA amyloidosis, Congo red 100×.
Rheumatoid arthritis, if poorly controlled, still remains one of the most common inflammatory diseases, associated with AA amyloidosis (Figure 2).
Rheumatoid arthritis, complicated by renal AA amyloidosis with nephrotic syndrome.
However, many other conditions, listed in Table 2, may be causative for AA amyloidosis. Frequency of the diseases, associated with AA amyloidosis in the patients, followed in our unit, is shown in Table 3.
Associated disease | Patients (N) | |
---|---|---|
Rheumatoid arthritis | 64 | 44.1 |
Ankylosing spondylitis | 16 | 11.0 |
Psoriatic arthritis | 7 | 4.8 |
Crohn’s disease/ulcerative colitis | 3 | 2.0 |
Sarcoidosis | 1 | 0.7 |
Mediterranean fever | 14 | 9.6 |
Hyper-IgD syndrome | 1 | 0.7 |
Bronchiectasis | 10 | 6.8 |
Osteomyelitis | 7 | 4.8 |
Paraplegia | 6 | 4.1 |
Tuberculosis | 4 | 2.7 |
Chronic cutaneous ulcers | 3 | 2.0 |
Cystic fibrosis | 1 | 0.7 |
Lung tumors | 3 | 2.0 |
Hodgkin’s lymphoma | 2 | 1.4 |
Castleman’s disease | 2 | 1.4 |
Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen | 1 | 0.7 |
Total | 145 | 100 |
Spectrum of the diseases, associated with AA amyloidosis, personal data, unpublished.
Worthy to note, that beyond traditional causes, several rare conditions, such as sarcoidosis, cystic fibrosis and Castleman’s disease, complicated by AA amyloidosis, might be seen in the real practice (Figures 3 and 4).
Castleman’s disease, unfixed gross specimen.
Castleman’s disease, atypical lymphoid tissue, hematoxylin & eosin 100×.
Moreover, we recently described a patient with sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen and AA amyloidosis [8], association previously unreported (Figures 5 and 6).
Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen. Formalin-fixed gross specimen.
Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen. PAS 100×.
Presence of NS or proteinuria in patients with the history of any kind of chronic inflammatory conditions, indicates a high “suspicion index’ with AA amyloidosis. The diagnosis demands pathology confirmation with kidney biopsy, demonstrating not only positive Congo red staining of the material, infiltrating kidney tissue (see Figure 1), but also apple-green birefringence in polarized light (Figure 7) and serum amyloid A expression (Figure 8).
Renal AA amyloidosis, Congo red 100×, polarized light.
Renal AA amyloidosis, serum amyloid A, immunoperoxidase 100×.
Treatment goal in patients with AA amyloidosis is a complete control of the inflammatory process [6]. Due to the various characters of the underlying diseases, treatment may include surgery, antibiotics, anti-TNF agents, colchicine and several novel drugs. Kidney transplantation for the patients with the end stage of renal disease (ESRD) is an important option and may be considered if a stable control of the underlying disease has been achieved.
The precursor proteins of the fibrils in AL amyloidosis are monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains, produced by plasma cell clone. AL amyloidosis, which is the most prevalent type of systemic amyloidosis in the Western countries, sometimes is associated with B cell lymphoproliferative disorders—multiple myeloma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia and non-Hodgkin lymphomas [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]. However usually AL amyloidosis is associated with low-grade plasma cell clone and do not meet the criteria for multiple myeloma or lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, therefore formerly it was known as “primary” [15, 16, 17, 18].
In the real practice, among 128 patients with biopsy-proven AL amyloidosis, followed in our unit, 25 were diagnosed with multiple myeloma, 1—with Waldenström macroglobulinemia, and 102—with AL amyloidosis (“primary”).
Kidneys and heart are the main sites of involvement in AL amyloidosis with the occurrence up to 70% of cases. Renal involvement typically presents with proteinuria or NS, which is manifested in more than 50% of patients at the time of diagnosis, and impaired kidney function progressing towards ESRD in about 20% of cases over time [19, 20, 21].
AL amyloidosis is diagnosed by demonstration of monoclonal deposits in the sites of amyloid deposition in the kidney (Figures 9–11).
Renal AL amyloidosis, Congo red 100×.
Renal AL amyloidosis, Congo red 100×, polarized light.
Renal AL amyloidosis, light chain lambda, immunofluorescence 100×.
Kidney biopsy is usually indicated for significant proteinuria and/or renal insufficiency in patients with signs and symptoms of heart, liver, tongue, intestine, peripheral and autonomous nervous system and soft tissues damage (Figures 12–17).
AL amyloidosis, electrocardiogram, low-voltage waves in all leads.
AL amyloidosis, echocardiogram, myocardial mirror-like appearance.
AL amyloidosis, macroglossia.
AL amyloidosis, “shoulder pad” symptom.
AL amyloidosis, “racoon eye” symptom.
AL amyloidosis, spontaneous subcutaneous hemorrhages.
Monoclonal protein studies should be performed to match the monoclonal protein in circulation with the monoclonal deposits in the kidney (Figure 18).
Serum electrophoresis, M-spike.
Different treatment regimens had been used since 1997, when melphalan was introduced—melphalan and prednisone (MP), melphalan and dexamethasone (MD), and high dose melphalan with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Currently recommended treatment for AL amyloidosis, including cyclophosphamide-thalidomide-dexamethasone (CTD), bortezomib-dexamethasone (BD), cyclophosphamide-bortezomib-dexamethasone(CBD) regimens with relatively fast hematological response were adopted from multiple myeloma treatment protocols [22]. In our experience of treatment of systemic “primary” AL amyloidosis with kidney involvement using different regimens over almost three decades, cumulative survival did not differ statistically between melphalan-based and bortezomib-based regimens (Figure 19) [23].
Treatment results in 49 patients with AL amyloidosis, personal data [
Clinical diagnosis of AA and AL systemic amyloidosis, most often affecting kidneys, is based on the presence of proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome and impaired kidney function in patients with extrarenal manifestations. Kidney biopsy is crucial for the diagnostics, and while Congo red staining with examination of Congo-positive material in the polarized light is confirmative for amyloidosis as such, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry technics are helpful to distinguish AA and AL types. Differential diagnostics of AA and AL types guides the treatment strategies. In cases when neither AA nor AL amyloidosis are confirmed, one should consider rare types of amyloidosis, based on the presence of renal involvement—ALECT2, AapolA I, II and IV, AFib or ALys amyloidosis.
Author thanks doctors Olga Vorobova, Ekaterina Stolyarevich, Vladimir Bedin, Mikhail Tavobilov, Evgeny Shutov, Eugene Nikitin, Marina Rybakova and Igor Miloserdov for their help in diagnostics and treatment of the patients.
Author declares no conflict of interests.
General requirements for Open Access to Horizon 2020 research project outputs are found within Guidelines on Open Access to Scientific Publication and Research Data in Horizon 2020. The guidelines, in their simplest form, state that if you are a Horizon 2020 recipient, you must ensure open access to your scientific publications by enabling them to be downloaded, printed and read online. Additionally, said publications must be peer reviewed.
',metaTitle:"Horizon 2020 Compliance",metaDescription:"General requirements for Open Access to Horizon 2020 research project outputs are found within Guidelines on Open Access to Scientific Publication and Research Data in Horizon 2020. The guidelines, in their simplest form, state that if you are a Horizon 2020 recipient, you must ensure open access to your scientific publications by enabling them to be downloaded, printed and read online. Additionally, said publications must be peer reviewed. ",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:null,contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"Publishing with IntechOpen means that your scientific publications already meet these basic requirements. It also means that through our utilization of open licensing, our publications are also able to be copied, shared, searched, linked, crawled, and mined for text and data, optimizing our authors' compliance as suggested by the European Commission.
\\n\\nMetadata for all publications is also automatically deposited in IntechOpen's OAI repository, making them available through the Open Access Infrastructure for Research in Europe's (OpenAIRE) search interface further establishing our compliance.
\\n\\nIn other words, publishing with IntechOpen guarantees compliance.
\\n\\nRead more about Open Access in Horizon 2020 here.
\\n\\nWhich scientific publication to choose?
\\n\\nWhen choosing a publication, Horizon 2020 grant recipients are encouraged to provide open access to various types of scientific publications including monographs, edited books and conference proceedings.
\\n\\nIntechOpen publishes all of the aforementioned formats in compliance with the requirements and criteria established by the European Commission for the Horizon 2020 Program.
\\n\\nAuthors requiring additional information are welcome to send their inquiries to funders@intechopen.com
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'Publishing with IntechOpen means that your scientific publications already meet these basic requirements. It also means that through our utilization of open licensing, our publications are also able to be copied, shared, searched, linked, crawled, and mined for text and data, optimizing our authors' compliance as suggested by the European Commission.
\n\nMetadata for all publications is also automatically deposited in IntechOpen's OAI repository, making them available through the Open Access Infrastructure for Research in Europe's (OpenAIRE) search interface further establishing our compliance.
\n\nIn other words, publishing with IntechOpen guarantees compliance.
\n\nRead more about Open Access in Horizon 2020 here.
\n\nWhich scientific publication to choose?
\n\nWhen choosing a publication, Horizon 2020 grant recipients are encouraged to provide open access to various types of scientific publications including monographs, edited books and conference proceedings.
\n\nIntechOpen publishes all of the aforementioned formats in compliance with the requirements and criteria established by the European Commission for the Horizon 2020 Program.
\n\nAuthors requiring additional information are welcome to send their inquiries to funders@intechopen.com
\n'}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{sort:"featured,name"},profiles:[{id:"6700",title:"Dr.",name:"Abbass A.",middleName:null,surname:"Hashim",slug:"abbass-a.-hashim",fullName:"Abbass A. Hashim",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/6700/images/1864_n.jpg",biography:"Currently I am carrying out research in several areas of interest, mainly covering work on chemical and bio-sensors, semiconductor thin film device fabrication and characterisation.\nAt the moment I have very strong interest in radiation environmental pollution and bacteriology treatment. The teams of researchers are working very hard to bring novel results in this field. I am also a member of the team in charge for the supervision of Ph.D. students in the fields of development of silicon based planar waveguide sensor devices, study of inelastic electron tunnelling in planar tunnelling nanostructures for sensing applications and development of organotellurium(IV) compounds for semiconductor applications. I am a specialist in data analysis techniques and nanosurface structure. I have served as the editor for many books, been a member of the editorial board in science journals, have published many papers and hold many patents.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sheffield Hallam University",country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},{id:"54525",title:"Prof.",name:"Abdul Latif",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"abdul-latif-ahmad",fullName:"Abdul Latif Ahmad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"20567",title:"Prof.",name:"Ado",middleName:null,surname:"Jorio",slug:"ado-jorio",fullName:"Ado Jorio",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"47940",title:"Dr.",name:"Alberto",middleName:null,surname:"Mantovani",slug:"alberto-mantovani",fullName:"Alberto Mantovani",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"12392",title:"Mr.",name:"Alex",middleName:null,surname:"Lazinica",slug:"alex-lazinica",fullName:"Alex Lazinica",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/12392/images/7282_n.png",biography:"Alex Lazinica is the founder and CEO of IntechOpen. After obtaining a Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering, he continued his PhD studies in Robotics at the Vienna University of Technology. Here he worked as a robotic researcher with the university's Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Group as well as a guest researcher at various European universities, including the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL). During this time he published more than 20 scientific papers, gave presentations, served as a reviewer for major robotic journals and conferences and most importantly he co-founded and built the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems- world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics. Starting this journal was a pivotal point in his career, since it was a pathway to founding IntechOpen - Open Access publisher focused on addressing academic researchers needs. Alex is a personification of IntechOpen key values being trusted, open and entrepreneurial. Today his focus is on defining the growth and development strategy for the company.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",middleName:null,surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/19816/images/1607_n.jpg",biography:"Alexander I. Kokorin: born: 1947, Moscow; DSc., PhD; Principal Research Fellow (Research Professor) of Department of Kinetics and Catalysis, N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.\r\nArea of research interests: physical chemistry of complex-organized molecular and nanosized systems, including polymer-metal complexes; the surface of doped oxide semiconductors. He is an expert in structural, absorptive, catalytic and photocatalytic properties, in structural organization and dynamic features of ionic liquids, in magnetic interactions between paramagnetic centers. The author or co-author of 3 books, over 200 articles and reviews in scientific journals and books. He is an actual member of the International EPR/ESR Society, European Society on Quantum Solar Energy Conversion, Moscow House of Scientists, of the Board of Moscow Physical Society.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics",country:{name:"Russia"}}},{id:"62389",title:"PhD.",name:"Ali Demir",middleName:null,surname:"Sezer",slug:"ali-demir-sezer",fullName:"Ali Demir Sezer",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/62389/images/3413_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Ali Demir Sezer has a Ph.D. from Pharmaceutical Biotechnology at the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Marmara (Turkey). He is the member of many Pharmaceutical Associations and acts as a reviewer of scientific journals and European projects under different research areas such as: drug delivery systems, nanotechnology and pharmaceutical biotechnology. Dr. Sezer is the author of many scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals and poster communications. Focus of his research activity is drug delivery, physico-chemical characterization and biological evaluation of biopolymers micro and nanoparticles as modified drug delivery system, and colloidal drug carriers (liposomes, nanoparticles etc.).",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Marmara University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"61051",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"100762",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"St David's Medical Center",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"107416",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"64434",title:"Dr.",name:"Angkoon",middleName:null,surname:"Phinyomark",slug:"angkoon-phinyomark",fullName:"Angkoon Phinyomark",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/64434/images/2619_n.jpg",biography:"My name is Angkoon Phinyomark. I received a B.Eng. degree in Computer Engineering with First Class Honors in 2008 from Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, where I received a Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering. My research interests are primarily in the area of biomedical signal processing and classification notably EMG (electromyography signal), EOG (electrooculography signal), and EEG (electroencephalography signal), image analysis notably breast cancer analysis and optical coherence tomography, and rehabilitation engineering. I became a student member of IEEE in 2008. During October 2011-March 2012, I had worked at School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom. In addition, during a B.Eng. I had been a visiting research student at Faculty of Computer Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain for three months.\n\nI have published over 40 papers during 5 years in refereed journals, books, and conference proceedings in the areas of electro-physiological signals processing and classification, notably EMG and EOG signals, fractal analysis, wavelet analysis, texture analysis, feature extraction and machine learning algorithms, and assistive and rehabilitative devices. I have several computer programming language certificates, i.e. Sun Certified Programmer for the Java 2 Platform 1.4 (SCJP), Microsoft Certified Professional Developer, Web Developer (MCPD), Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist, .NET Framework 2.0 Web (MCTS). I am a Reviewer for several refereed journals and international conferences, such as IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Optic Letters, Measurement Science Review, and also a member of the International Advisory Committee for 2012 IEEE Business Engineering and Industrial Applications and 2012 IEEE Symposium on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Joseph Fourier University",country:{name:"France"}}},{id:"55578",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Jurado-Navas",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",fullName:"Antonio Jurado-Navas",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/55578/images/4574_n.png",biography:"Antonio Jurado-Navas received the M.S. degree (2002) and the Ph.D. degree (2009) in Telecommunication Engineering, both from the University of Málaga (Spain). He first worked as a consultant at Vodafone-Spain. From 2004 to 2011, he was a Research Assistant with the Communications Engineering Department at the University of Málaga. In 2011, he became an Assistant Professor in the same department. From 2012 to 2015, he was with Ericsson Spain, where he was working on geo-location\ntools for third generation mobile networks. Since 2015, he is a Marie-Curie fellow at the Denmark Technical University. His current research interests include the areas of mobile communication systems and channel modeling in addition to atmospheric optical communications, adaptive optics and statistics",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Malaga",country:{name:"Spain"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:5820},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:5289},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:1761},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:10546},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:909},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:15932}],offset:12,limit:12,total:119318},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{sort:"dateEndThirdStepPublish",topicId:"6"},books:[{type:"book",id:"10801",title:"Uric Acid",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"d947ab87019e69ab11aa597edbacc018",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10801.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10800",title:"Ligase",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"1f10ff112edb1fec24379dac85ef3b5b",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10800.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10837",title:"Peroxisomes",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"0014b09d4b35bb4d7f52ca0b3641cda1",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10837.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10841",title:"Hydrolases",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"64617cf21bf1e47170bb2bcf31b1fc37",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10841.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8977",title:"Protein Kinase - New Opportunities, Challenges and Future Perspectives",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"6d200cc031706a565b554fdb1c478901",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Rajesh Kumar Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8977.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"329385",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajesh",surname:"Singh",slug:"rajesh-singh",fullName:"Rajesh Singh"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10797",title:"Cell Culture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"2c628f4757f9639a4450728d839a7842",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Xianquan Zhan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10797.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"223233",title:"Prof.",name:"Xianquan",surname:"Zhan",slug:"xianquan-zhan",fullName:"Xianquan Zhan"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10799",title:"Phenolic Compounds",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"339199f254d2987ef3167eef74fb8a38",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Farid A. Badria",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10799.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"41865",title:"Prof.",name:"Farid A.",surname:"Badria",slug:"farid-a.-badria",fullName:"Farid A. Badria"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10741",title:"Synthetic Genomics - From Natural to Synthetic Genomes",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"eb1cebd0b9c4e7e87427003ff7196f57",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Miguel Fernández-Niño and Dr. Luis H. Reyes",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10741.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"158295",title:"Dr.",name:"Miguel",surname:"Fernández-Niño",slug:"miguel-fernandez-nino",fullName:"Miguel Fernández-Niño"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10886",title:"Genetic Polymorphisms - New Insights",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"a71558dd7dfd16ad140168409f887f7e",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Mahmut Çalışkan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10886.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"51528",title:"Prof.",name:"Mahmut",surname:"Çalışkan",slug:"mahmut-caliskan",fullName:"Mahmut Çalışkan"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10794",title:"Potassium in Human Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"0fbab5c7b5baa903a6426e7bbd9f99ab",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Jie Tang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10794.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"181267",title:"Dr.",name:"Jie",surname:"Tang",slug:"jie-tang",fullName:"Jie Tang"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10803",title:"Reactive Oxygen Species",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"176adcf090fdd1f93cb8ce3146e79ca1",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Rizwan Ahmad",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10803.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"40482",title:"Prof.",name:"Rizwan",surname:"Ahmad",slug:"rizwan-ahmad",fullName:"Rizwan Ahmad"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10839",title:"Protein Detection",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"2f1c0e4e0207fc45c936e7d22a5369c4",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Yusuf Tutar and Dr. Lütfi Tutar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10839.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"158492",title:"Prof.",name:"Yusuf",surname:"Tutar",slug:"yusuf-tutar",fullName:"Yusuf Tutar"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:28},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:10},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:10},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:25},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:48},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:5},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Technology",value:24,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:2}],offset:12,limit:12,total:13},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"9154",title:"Spinal Deformities in Adolescents, Adults and Older Adults",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"313f1dffa803b60a14ff1e6966e93d91",slug:"spinal-deformities-in-adolescents-adults-and-older-adults",bookSignature:"Josette Bettany-Saltikov and Gokulakannan Kandasamy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9154.jpg",editors:[{id:"94802",title:"Dr.",name:"Josette",middleName:null,surname:"Bettany-Saltikov",slug:"josette-bettany-saltikov",fullName:"Josette Bettany-Saltikov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7030",title:"Satellite Systems",subtitle:"Design, Modeling, Simulation and Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b9db6d2645ef248ceb1b33ea75f38e88",slug:"satellite-systems-design-modeling-simulation-and-analysis",bookSignature:"Tien Nguyen",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7030.jpg",editors:[{id:"210657",title:"Dr.",name:"Tien M.",middleName:"Manh",surname:"Nguyen",slug:"tien-m.-nguyen",fullName:"Tien M. Nguyen"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10201",title:"Post-Transition Metals",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"cc7f53ff5269916e3ce29f65a51a87ae",slug:"post-transition-metals",bookSignature:"Mohammed Muzibur Rahman, Abdullah Mohammed Asiri, Anish Khan, Inamuddin and Thamer Tabbakh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10201.jpg",editors:[{id:"24438",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed Muzibur",middleName:null,surname:"Rahman",slug:"mohammed-muzibur-rahman",fullName:"Mohammed Muzibur Rahman"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10413",title:"A Collection of Papers on Chaos Theory and Its Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"900b71b164948830fec3d6254b7881f7",slug:"a-collection-of-papers-on-chaos-theory-and-its-applications",bookSignature:"Paul Bracken and Dimo I. Uzunov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10413.jpg",editors:[{id:"92883",title:"Prof.",name:"Paul",middleName:null,surname:"Bracken",slug:"paul-bracken",fullName:"Paul Bracken"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9515",title:"Update in Geriatrics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"913e16c0ae977474b283bbd4269564c8",slug:"update-in-geriatrics",bookSignature:"Somchai Amornyotin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9515.jpg",editors:[{id:"185484",title:"Prof.",name:"Somchai",middleName:null,surname:"Amornyotin",slug:"somchai-amornyotin",fullName:"Somchai Amornyotin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8148",title:"Investment Strategies in Emerging New Trends in Finance",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3b714d96a68d2acdfbd7b50aba6504ca",slug:"investment-strategies-in-emerging-new-trends-in-finance",bookSignature:"Reza Gharoie Ahangar and Asma Salman",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8148.jpg",editors:[{id:"91081",title:"Dr.",name:"Reza",middleName:null,surname:"Gharoie Ahangar",slug:"reza-gharoie-ahangar",fullName:"Reza Gharoie Ahangar"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"206443",title:"Prof.",name:"Asma",middleName:null,surname:"Salman",slug:"asma-salman",fullName:"Asma Salman",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/206443/images/system/206443.png",biography:"Professor Asma Salman is a blockchain developer and Professor of Finance at the American University in the Emirates, UAE. An Honorary Global Advisor at the Global Academy of Finance and Management, USA, she completed her MBA in Finance and Accounting and earned a Ph.D. in Finance from an AACSB member, AMBA accredited, School of Management at Harbin Institute of Technology, China. Her research credentials include a one-year residency at the Brunel Business School, Brunel University, UK. Prof. Salman also served as the Dubai Cohort supervisor for DBA students under the Nottingham Business School, UK, for seven years and is currently a Ph.D. supervisor at the University of Northampton, UK, where she is a visiting fellow. She also served on the Board of Etihad Airlines during 2019–2020. One of her recent articles on “Bitcoin and Blockchain” gained wide visibility and she is an active speaker on Fintech, blockchain, and crypto events around the GCC. She holds various professional certifications including Chartered Fintech Professional (USA), Certified Financial Manager (USA), Women in Leadership and Management in Higher Education, (UK), and Taxation GCC VAT Compliance, (UK). She recently won an award for “Blockchain Trainer of the Year” from Berkeley Middle East. Other recognitions include the Women Leadership Impact Award by H.E First Lady of Armenia, Research Excellence Award, and the Global Inspirational Women Leadership Award by H.H Sheikh Juma Bin Maktoum Juma Al Maktoum.",institutionString:"American University in the Emirates",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"2",institution:{name:"American University in the Emirates",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Arab Emirates"}}},equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8472",title:"Bioactive Compounds in Nutraceutical and Functional Food for Good Human Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8855452919b8495810ef8e88641feb20",slug:"bioactive-compounds-in-nutraceutical-and-functional-food-for-good-human-health",bookSignature:"Kavita Sharma, Kanchan Mishra, Kula Kamal Senapati and Corina Danciu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8472.jpg",editors:[{id:"197731",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavita",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"kavita-sharma",fullName:"Kavita Sharma"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9959",title:"Biomedical Signal and Image Processing",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"22b87a09bd6df065d78c175235d367c8",slug:"biomedical-signal-and-image-processing",bookSignature:"Yongxia Zhou",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9959.jpg",editors:[{id:"259308",title:"Dr.",name:"Yongxia",middleName:null,surname:"Zhou",slug:"yongxia-zhou",fullName:"Yongxia Zhou"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9685",title:"Agroecosystems",subtitle:"Very Complex Environmental Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c44f7b43a9f9610c243dc32300d37df6",slug:"agroecosystems-very-complex-environmental-systems",bookSignature:"Marcelo L. Larramendy and Sonia Soloneski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9685.jpg",editors:[{id:"14764",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcelo L.",middleName:null,surname:"Larramendy",slug:"marcelo-l.-larramendy",fullName:"Marcelo L. Larramendy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8564",title:"Cell Interaction",subtitle:"Molecular and Immunological Basis for Disease Management",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"98d7f080d80524285f091e72a8e92a6d",slug:"cell-interaction-molecular-and-immunological-basis-for-disease-management",bookSignature:"Bhawana Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8564.jpg",editors:[{id:"315192",title:"Dr.",name:"Bhawana",middleName:null,surname:"Singh",slug:"bhawana-singh",fullName:"Bhawana Singh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"9515",title:"Update in Geriatrics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"913e16c0ae977474b283bbd4269564c8",slug:"update-in-geriatrics",bookSignature:"Somchai Amornyotin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9515.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"185484",title:"Prof.",name:"Somchai",middleName:null,surname:"Amornyotin",slug:"somchai-amornyotin",fullName:"Somchai Amornyotin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9021",title:"Novel Perspectives of Stem Cell Manufacturing and Therapies",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"522c6db871783d2a11c17b83f1fd4e18",slug:"novel-perspectives-of-stem-cell-manufacturing-and-therapies",bookSignature:"Diana Kitala and Ana Colette Maurício",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9021.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"203598",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Diana",middleName:null,surname:"Kitala",slug:"diana-kitala",fullName:"Diana Kitala"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7030",title:"Satellite Systems",subtitle:"Design, Modeling, Simulation and Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b9db6d2645ef248ceb1b33ea75f38e88",slug:"satellite-systems-design-modeling-simulation-and-analysis",bookSignature:"Tien Nguyen",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7030.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"210657",title:"Dr.",name:"Tien M.",middleName:"Manh",surname:"Nguyen",slug:"tien-m.-nguyen",fullName:"Tien M. Nguyen"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10413",title:"A Collection of Papers on Chaos Theory and Its Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"900b71b164948830fec3d6254b7881f7",slug:"a-collection-of-papers-on-chaos-theory-and-its-applications",bookSignature:"Paul Bracken and Dimo I. Uzunov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10413.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"92883",title:"Prof.",name:"Paul",middleName:null,surname:"Bracken",slug:"paul-bracken",fullName:"Paul Bracken"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9154",title:"Spinal Deformities in Adolescents, Adults and Older Adults",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"313f1dffa803b60a14ff1e6966e93d91",slug:"spinal-deformities-in-adolescents-adults-and-older-adults",bookSignature:"Josette Bettany-Saltikov and Gokulakannan Kandasamy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9154.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"94802",title:"Dr.",name:"Josette",middleName:null,surname:"Bettany-Saltikov",slug:"josette-bettany-saltikov",fullName:"Josette Bettany-Saltikov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8148",title:"Investment Strategies in Emerging New Trends in Finance",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3b714d96a68d2acdfbd7b50aba6504ca",slug:"investment-strategies-in-emerging-new-trends-in-finance",bookSignature:"Reza Gharoie Ahangar and Asma Salman",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8148.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"91081",title:"Dr.",name:"Reza",middleName:null,surname:"Gharoie Ahangar",slug:"reza-gharoie-ahangar",fullName:"Reza Gharoie Ahangar"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"206443",title:"Prof.",name:"Asma",middleName:null,surname:"Salman",slug:"asma-salman",fullName:"Asma Salman",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/206443/images/system/206443.png",biography:"Professor Asma Salman is a blockchain developer and Professor of Finance at the American University in the Emirates, UAE. An Honorary Global Advisor at the Global Academy of Finance and Management, USA, she completed her MBA in Finance and Accounting and earned a Ph.D. in Finance from an AACSB member, AMBA accredited, School of Management at Harbin Institute of Technology, China. Her research credentials include a one-year residency at the Brunel Business School, Brunel University, UK. Prof. Salman also served as the Dubai Cohort supervisor for DBA students under the Nottingham Business School, UK, for seven years and is currently a Ph.D. supervisor at the University of Northampton, UK, where she is a visiting fellow. She also served on the Board of Etihad Airlines during 2019–2020. One of her recent articles on “Bitcoin and Blockchain” gained wide visibility and she is an active speaker on Fintech, blockchain, and crypto events around the GCC. She holds various professional certifications including Chartered Fintech Professional (USA), Certified Financial Manager (USA), Women in Leadership and Management in Higher Education, (UK), and Taxation GCC VAT Compliance, (UK). She recently won an award for “Blockchain Trainer of the Year” from Berkeley Middle East. Other recognitions include the Women Leadership Impact Award by H.E First Lady of Armenia, Research Excellence Award, and the Global Inspirational Women Leadership Award by H.H Sheikh Juma Bin Maktoum Juma Al Maktoum.",institutionString:"American University in the Emirates",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"2",institution:{name:"American University in the Emirates",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Arab Emirates"}}},equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10201",title:"Post-Transition Metals",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"cc7f53ff5269916e3ce29f65a51a87ae",slug:"post-transition-metals",bookSignature:"Mohammed Muzibur Rahman, Abdullah Mohammed Asiri, Anish Khan, Inamuddin and Thamer Tabbakh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10201.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"24438",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed Muzibur",middleName:null,surname:"Rahman",slug:"mohammed-muzibur-rahman",fullName:"Mohammed Muzibur Rahman"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9959",title:"Biomedical Signal and Image Processing",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"22b87a09bd6df065d78c175235d367c8",slug:"biomedical-signal-and-image-processing",bookSignature:"Yongxia Zhou",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9959.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"259308",title:"Dr.",name:"Yongxia",middleName:null,surname:"Zhou",slug:"yongxia-zhou",fullName:"Yongxia Zhou"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8472",title:"Bioactive Compounds in Nutraceutical and Functional Food for Good Human Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8855452919b8495810ef8e88641feb20",slug:"bioactive-compounds-in-nutraceutical-and-functional-food-for-good-human-health",bookSignature:"Kavita Sharma, Kanchan Mishra, Kula Kamal Senapati and Corina Danciu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8472.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"197731",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavita",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"kavita-sharma",fullName:"Kavita Sharma"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8760",title:"Structure Topology and Symplectic Geometry",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8974840985ec3652492c83e20233bf02",slug:"structure-topology-and-symplectic-geometry",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah and Min Lei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8760.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"20",title:"Physics",slug:"physics",parent:{title:"Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology",slug:"physical-sciences-engineering-and-technology"},numberOfBooks:143,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:3401,numberOfWosCitations:3946,numberOfCrossrefCitations:1614,numberOfDimensionsCitations:3509,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicSlug:"physics ",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"9984",title:"Geophysics and Ocean Waves Studies",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"271d086381f9ba04162b0dc7cd57755f",slug:"geophysics-and-ocean-waves-studies",bookSignature:"Khalid S. Essa, Marcello Di Risio, Daniele Celli and Davide Pasquali",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9984.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"102766",title:"Prof.",name:"Khalid S.",middleName:null,surname:"Essa",slug:"khalid-s.-essa",fullName:"Khalid S. Essa"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10042",title:"Noise and Environment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"11e8fca2f0f623d87dfbc3cf2b185e0d",slug:"noise-and-environment",bookSignature:"Daniela Siano and Alice Elizabeth González",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10042.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"9960",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniela",middleName:null,surname:"Siano",slug:"daniela-siano",fullName:"Daniela Siano"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10075",title:"Nonlinear Optics",subtitle:"From Solitons to Similaritons",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b034b2a060292c8511359aec0db1002c",slug:"nonlinear-optics-from-solitons-to-similaritons",bookSignature:"İlkay Bakırtaş and Nalan Antar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10075.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"186388",title:"Prof.",name:"İlkay",middleName:null,surname:"Bakırtaş",slug:"ilkay-bakirtas",fullName:"İlkay Bakırtaş"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7769",title:"Medical Isotopes",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f8d3c5a6c9a42398e56b4e82264753f7",slug:"medical-isotopes",bookSignature:"Syed Ali Raza Naqvi and Muhammad Babar Imrani",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7769.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"259190",title:"Dr.",name:"Syed Ali Raza",middleName:null,surname:"Naqvi",slug:"syed-ali-raza-naqvi",fullName:"Syed Ali Raza Naqvi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10074",title:"Recent Techniques and Applications in Ionizing Radiation Research",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"129deeec2186f6392f154ed41f64477a",slug:"recent-techniques-and-applications-in-ionizing-radiation-research",bookSignature:"Ahmed M. Maghraby and Basim Almayyahi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10074.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"102209",title:"Dr.",name:"Ahmed M.",middleName:null,surname:"Maghraby",slug:"ahmed-m.-maghraby",fullName:"Ahmed M. Maghraby"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8679",title:"Inverse Heat Conduction and Heat Exchangers",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a994b17ac471c6d414d63c74a7ab74de",slug:"inverse-heat-conduction-and-heat-exchangers",bookSignature:"Suvanjan Bhattacharya, Mohammad Moghimi Ardekani, Ranjib Biswas and R. C. Mehta",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8679.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"233630",title:"Dr.",name:"Suvanjan",middleName:null,surname:"Bhattacharyya",slug:"suvanjan-bhattacharyya",fullName:"Suvanjan Bhattacharyya"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"56358",title:"Dr.",name:"R. C.",middleName:null,surname:"Mehta",slug:"r.-c.-mehta",fullName:"R. C. Mehta",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/56358/images/system/56358.jpeg",biography:"R. C. Mehta obtained his Ph.D. from the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras. He has worked as the Head of Aerodynamics\nDivision of Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre/Indian Space Research\nOrganization. He has participated in the design of launch and\nreentry vehicles. He has served as a Senior Fellow in the School\nof Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He is the recipient of the Life Time\nAchievement Award from the Flow Physics Society of India. He is a senior member\nof AIAA. He has published over 120 papers in peer-reviewed national and international journals. He has published five chapters and co-authored two books. He is a\nreviewer for many international journals. He is presently Dean in the Noorul Islam\nCentre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, India.",institutionString:"Noorul Islam University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"5",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Noorul Islam University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}},equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8490",title:"Selected Topics in Plasma Physics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0fe936bfad77ae70ad96c46de8b7730d",slug:"selected-topics-in-plasma-physics",bookSignature:"Sukhmander Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8490.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"282807",title:"Dr.",name:"Sukhmander",middleName:null,surname:"Singh",slug:"sukhmander-singh",fullName:"Sukhmander Singh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9211",title:"Single Photon Manipulation",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"567ddcc14b68fa14e54df3bce2f51acc",slug:"single-photon-manipulation",bookSignature:"Keyu Xia",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9211.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"210723",title:"Prof.",name:"Keyu",middleName:null,surname:"Xia",slug:"keyu-xia",fullName:"Keyu Xia"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10076",title:"Quantum Mechanics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"78f2b316d6bb97464dbbf9b683164aff",slug:"quantum-mechanics",bookSignature:"Paul Bracken",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10076.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"92883",title:"Prof.",name:"Paul",middleName:null,surname:"Bracken",slug:"paul-bracken",fullName:"Paul Bracken"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7965",title:"Liquid Crystals and Display Technology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"eb83772cea6200bdd685b8a1b93ee35d",slug:"liquid-crystals-and-display-technology",bookSignature:"Morteza Sasani Ghamsari and Irina Carlescu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7965.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"64949",title:"Prof.",name:"Morteza",middleName:null,surname:"Sasani Ghamsari",slug:"morteza-sasani-ghamsari",fullName:"Morteza Sasani Ghamsari"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9276",title:"Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"03a2501c6fc0ac90a8b328850b712da7",slug:"computational-fluid-dynamics-simulations",bookSignature:"Guozhao Ji and Jiujiang Zhu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9276.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"190139",title:"Dr.",name:"Guozhao",middleName:null,surname:"Ji",slug:"guozhao-ji",fullName:"Guozhao Ji"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10162",title:"A Diffusion Hydrodynamic Model",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a8c90b653db4fa7a59132d39cca185d8",slug:"a-diffusion-hydrodynamic-model",bookSignature:"Theodore V. Hromadka II, Chung-Cheng Yen and Prasada Rao",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10162.jpg",editedByType:"Authored by",editors:[{id:"181008",title:"Dr.",name:"Theodore V.",middleName:"V.",surname:"Hromadka II",slug:"theodore-v.-hromadka-ii",fullName:"Theodore V. Hromadka II"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"4",chapterContentType:"compact",authoredCaption:"Authored by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:143,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"32842",doi:"10.5772/34901",title:"Sterilization by Gamma Irradiation",slug:"sterilization-by-gamma-irradiation",totalDownloads:73518,totalCrossrefCites:29,totalDimensionsCites:58,book:{slug:"gamma-radiation",title:"Gamma Radiation",fullTitle:"Gamma Radiation"},signatures:"Kátia Aparecida da Silva Aquino",authors:[{id:"102109",title:"Dr.",name:"Katia",middleName:"Aparecida Da S.",surname:"Aquino",slug:"katia-aquino",fullName:"Katia Aquino"}]},{id:"49652",doi:"10.5772/61720",title:"Sample Preparations for Scanning Electron Microscopy – Life Sciences",slug:"sample-preparations-for-scanning-electron-microscopy-life-sciences",totalDownloads:8115,totalCrossrefCites:25,totalDimensionsCites:54,book:{slug:"modern-electron-microscopy-in-physical-and-life-sciences",title:"Modern Electron Microscopy in Physical and Life Sciences",fullTitle:"Modern Electron Microscopy in Physical and Life Sciences"},signatures:"Mogana Das Murtey and Patchamuthu Ramasamy",authors:[{id:"176330",title:"Dr.",name:"Mogana",middleName:"Das",surname:"Murtey",slug:"mogana-murtey",fullName:"Mogana Murtey"},{id:"181159",title:"Mr.",name:"Patchamuthu",middleName:null,surname:"Ramasamy",slug:"patchamuthu-ramasamy",fullName:"Patchamuthu Ramasamy"}]},{id:"26791",doi:"10.5772/28067",title:"Optical Vortices in a Fiber: Mode Division Multiplexing and Multimode Self-Imaging",slug:"optical-vortices-in-a-fiber-mode-division-multiplexing-and-multimode-self-reproducing",totalDownloads:3952,totalCrossrefCites:18,totalDimensionsCites:39,book:{slug:"recent-progress-in-optical-fiber-research",title:"Recent Progress in Optical Fiber Research",fullTitle:"Recent Progress in Optical Fiber Research"},signatures:"S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy and V.A. Soifer",authors:[{id:"72613",title:"Prof.",name:"Svetlana",middleName:null,surname:"Khonina",slug:"svetlana-khonina",fullName:"Svetlana Khonina"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"71926",title:"An Overview of Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals Composite Films and Their Applications",slug:"an-overview-of-polymer-dispersed-liquid-crystals-composite-films-and-their-applications",totalDownloads:561,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,book:{slug:"liquid-crystals-and-display-technology",title:"Liquid Crystals and Display Technology",fullTitle:"Liquid Crystals and Display Technology"},signatures:"Anuja Katariya Jain and Rajendra R. Deshmukh",authors:[{id:"34437",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajendrasing",middleName:"Rajesing",surname:"Deshmukh",slug:"rajendrasing-deshmukh",fullName:"Rajendrasing Deshmukh"},{id:"318245",title:"Dr.",name:"Anuja",middleName:null,surname:"Katariya-Jain",slug:"anuja-katariya-jain",fullName:"Anuja Katariya-Jain"}]},{id:"72824",title:"Applications of Diffusion Hydrodynamic Model",slug:"applications-of-diffusion-hydrodynamic-model",totalDownloads:312,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"a-diffusion-hydrodynamic-model",title:"A Diffusion Hydrodynamic Model",fullTitle:"A Diffusion Hydrodynamic Model"},signatures:"Theodore V. Hromadka II and Chung-Cheng Yen",authors:[{id:"181008",title:"Dr.",name:"Theodore V.",middleName:"V.",surname:"Hromadka II",slug:"theodore-v.-hromadka-ii",fullName:"Theodore V. Hromadka II"}]},{id:"49537",title:"Electron Diffraction",slug:"electron-diffraction",totalDownloads:8488,totalCrossrefCites:6,totalDimensionsCites:22,book:{slug:"modern-electron-microscopy-in-physical-and-life-sciences",title:"Modern Electron Microscopy in Physical and Life Sciences",fullTitle:"Modern Electron Microscopy in Physical and Life Sciences"},signatures:"Mohsen Asadi Asadabad and Mohammad Jafari Eskandari",authors:[{id:"176352",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohsen",middleName:null,surname:"Asadi Asadabad",slug:"mohsen-asadi-asadabad",fullName:"Mohsen Asadi Asadabad"},{id:"177600",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohammad",middleName:null,surname:"Jafari Eskandari",slug:"mohammad-jafari-eskandari",fullName:"Mohammad Jafari Eskandari"}]},{id:"32842",title:"Sterilization by Gamma Irradiation",slug:"sterilization-by-gamma-irradiation",totalDownloads:73518,totalCrossrefCites:29,totalDimensionsCites:58,book:{slug:"gamma-radiation",title:"Gamma Radiation",fullTitle:"Gamma Radiation"},signatures:"Kátia Aparecida da Silva Aquino",authors:[{id:"102109",title:"Dr.",name:"Katia",middleName:"Aparecida Da S.",surname:"Aquino",slug:"katia-aquino",fullName:"Katia Aquino"}]},{id:"71638",title:"Plasma Antennas",slug:"plasma-antennas",totalDownloads:300,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"selected-topics-in-plasma-physics",title:"Selected Topics in Plasma Physics",fullTitle:"Selected Topics in Plasma Physics"},signatures:"Theodore Anderson",authors:null},{id:"50866",title:"Effects of Different Laser Pulse Regimes (Nanosecond, Picosecond and Femtosecond) on the Ablation of Materials for Production of Nanoparticles in Liquid Solution",slug:"effects-of-different-laser-pulse-regimes-nanosecond-picosecond-and-femtosecond-on-the-ablation-of-ma",totalDownloads:4902,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:17,book:{slug:"high-energy-and-short-pulse-lasers",title:"High Energy and Short Pulse Lasers",fullTitle:"High Energy and Short Pulse Lasers"},signatures:"Abubaker Hassan Hamad",authors:[{id:"183494",title:"Dr.",name:"Abubaker",middleName:"Hassan",surname:"Hamad",slug:"abubaker-hamad",fullName:"Abubaker Hamad"}]},{id:"68746",title:"Optically Clear Adhesives for OLED",slug:"optically-clear-adhesives-for-oled",totalDownloads:1490,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:2,book:{slug:"luminescence-oled-technology-and-applications",title:"Luminescence",fullTitle:"Luminescence - OLED Technology and Applications"},signatures:"Joel T. Abrahamson, Hollis Z. Beagi, Fay Salmon and Christopher J. Campbell",authors:null},{id:"59379",title:"Graphene, Transition Metal Dichalcogenides, and Perovskite Photodetectors",slug:"graphene-transition-metal-dichalcogenides-and-perovskite-photodetectors",totalDownloads:1643,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:4,book:{slug:"two-dimensional-materials-for-photodetector",title:"Two-dimensional Materials for Photodetector",fullTitle:"Two-dimensional Materials for Photodetector"},signatures:"Zhi Yang, Jinjuan Dou and Minqiang Wang",authors:[{id:"225612",title:"Dr.",name:"Zhi",middleName:null,surname:"Yang",slug:"zhi-yang",fullName:"Zhi Yang"},{id:"238944",title:"MSc.",name:"Jinjuan",middleName:null,surname:"Dou",slug:"jinjuan-dou",fullName:"Jinjuan Dou"},{id:"238946",title:"Prof.",name:"Minqiang",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"minqiang-wang",fullName:"Minqiang Wang"}]},{id:"70578",title:"Gallium-68: Radiolabeling of Radiopharmaceuticals for PET Imaging - A Lot to Consider",slug:"gallium-68-radiolabeling-of-radiopharmaceuticals-for-pet-imaging-a-lot-to-consider",totalDownloads:717,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:3,book:{slug:"medical-isotopes",title:"Medical Isotopes",fullTitle:"Medical Isotopes"},signatures:"Michael Meisenheimer, Yury Saenko and Elisabeth Eppard",authors:null},{id:"58452",title:"Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Photodetectors",slug:"transition-metal-dichalcogenide-photodetectors",totalDownloads:1545,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,book:{slug:"two-dimensional-materials-for-photodetector",title:"Two-dimensional Materials for Photodetector",fullTitle:"Two-dimensional Materials for Photodetector"},signatures:"Inturu Omkaram, Young Ki Hong and Sunkook Kim",authors:[{id:"210186",title:"Dr.",name:"Inturu",middleName:null,surname:"Omkaram",slug:"inturu-omkaram",fullName:"Inturu Omkaram"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicSlug:"physics ",limit:3,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[{id:"76308",title:"Quarks Mixing in Chiral Symmetries",slug:"quarks-mixing-in-chiral-symmetries",totalDownloads:0,totalDimensionsCites:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.95233",book:{title:"Quantum Chromodynamic"},signatures:"Zbigniew Szadkowski"},{id:"76271",title:"Double Pole Method in QCD Sum Rules for Vector Mesons",slug:"double-pole-method-in-qcd-sum-rules-for-vector-mesons",totalDownloads:3,totalDimensionsCites:0,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.97421",book:{title:"Quantum Chromodynamic"},signatures:"Mikael Souto Maior de Sousa and Rômulo Rodrigues da Silva"},{id:"76259",title:"Paramagnetic Transitions Ions as Structural Modifiers in Ferroelectrics",slug:"paramagnetic-transitions-ions-as-structural-modifiers-in-ferroelectrics",totalDownloads:1,totalDimensionsCites:0,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.95983",book:{title:"Paramagnetism - Fundamentals, New Perspectives and Applications"},signatures:"Veronica Lucero Villegas Rueda"}],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:35},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10176",title:"Microgrids and Local Energy Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"c32b4a5351a88f263074b0d0ca813a9c",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Nick Jenkins",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10176.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"55219",title:"Prof.",name:"Nick",middleName:null,surname:"Jenkins",slug:"nick-jenkins",fullName:"Nick Jenkins"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:8,limit:8,total:1},route:{name:"profile.detail",path:"/profiles/195681/yasir-al-mathehaji",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"195681",slug:"yasir-al-mathehaji"},fullPath:"/profiles/195681/yasir-al-mathehaji",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()