Variable information.
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Released this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\\n\\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:{caption:"Highly Cited",originalUrl:"/media/original/117"}},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'IntechOpen is proud to announce that 191 of our authors have made the Clarivate™ Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020, ranking them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nThroughout the years, the list has named a total of 261 IntechOpen authors as Highly Cited. Of those researchers, 69 have been featured on the list multiple times.
\n\n\n\nReleased this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"intechopen-supports-asapbio-s-new-initiative-publish-your-reviews-20220729",title:"IntechOpen Supports ASAPbio’s New Initiative Publish Your Reviews"},{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"6266",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Marine Ecology - Biotic and Abiotic Interactions",title:"Marine Ecology",subtitle:"Biotic and Abiotic Interactions",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"During the last decades, aquatic resources have been severely depleted due to human-induced factors such as overexploitation and pollution and more recently due to deviations in the physicochemical parameters of oceans, dramatic changes in weather patterns and melting of glaciers. The effects of these man-made factors are occurring in a relatively shorter time scale and, in many cases, are beyond the capacity of organisms to adapt to these deviations. The majority of natural aquatic resources, which are one of the most important food sources on the planet, are being used to the extent that limits their capacity for regeneration. Despite ongoing attempts towards developing strategies for long-term management of aquatic resources all over the world, efforts have met with limited success. Thus, the sustainable use of aquatic resources has become a very important reality considering a projected human population of 11 billion by the year 2100. With this reality in mind, the purpose of this book is to shed more light on the field of marine ecology by emphasizing the diversity of aquatic life on earth and its importance both as part of a balanced ecosystem and as part of critical source of food on earth. The book covers important findings, discussions and reviews on a variety of subjects on environmental and competitive interactions of marine organisms at different trophic levels and their effects on the productivity, dynamics and structure of marine ecosystems around the world. Each chapter focuses on a specific case in the field of marine ecology and was written by researchers with years of experience in their respective fields. We hope that academicians, researchers and students as well as experts and professionals working in the field of marine ecology will benefit from these contributions. We also hope that this book will inspire more studies to help better understand the marine environment and develop strategies to better protect this crucial element of life on earth.",isbn:"978-1-78923-449-7",printIsbn:"978-1-78923-448-0",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83881-368-0",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.69018",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"marine-ecology-biotic-and-abiotic-interactions",numberOfPages:294,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:null,isInBkci:!1,hash:"9d821ed950a497c8f50de67abf419259",bookSignature:"Muhammet Türkoğlu, Umur Önal and Ali Ismen",publishedDate:"August 1st 2018",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6266.jpg",numberOfDownloads:18283,numberOfWosCitations:42,numberOfCrossrefCitations:40,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:1,numberOfDimensionsCitations:59,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:1,hasAltmetrics:1,numberOfTotalCitations:141,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"July 13th 2017",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"August 3rd 2017",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"January 9th 2018",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"February 9th 2018",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"April 9th 2018",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6,7",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"99483",title:"Prof.",name:"Muhammet",middleName:null,surname:"Turkoglu",slug:"muhammet-turkoglu",fullName:"Muhammet Turkoglu",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/99483/images/system/99483.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Muhammet TURKOGLU, completed his undergraduate education in Biology in 1988 at Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology; graduate education in 1991 at Dokuz Eylul University, Marine Sciences and Technology Institute, Marine Living Resources Department (Master thesis titled 'Investigation of Chromium (Cr) Concentrations in Water, Sediments and Some Organisms of Izmir Bay'). He completed his Ph.D. at Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Section of Marine Biology in 1998 (Doctorate thesis (Ph.D. Thesis) titled 'Phytoplankton Composition and Effects of Bio-ecological Factors of Middle Black Sea Area (Coasts of Sinop Peninsula)'). \r\nCurrently, he is working as a full professor of Marine Science and Technology Faculty at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey. Dr. Turkoglu is an oceanographer and his researches involve studies in Aegean Sea, Black Sea, Turkish Straits System (Dardanelles, Sea of Marmara and Bosphorus) and Caspian Sea. He is interested in species diversity, vertical and temporal successions of phytoplankton in marine ecosystems, especially in coastal habitats. Dr. Turkoglu is also interested in nutrient dynamics and harmful algal blooms (HABs) in marine systems. He has more than 100 scientific studies published by various reputed scientific journals and others. Dr. Turkoglu participated in various national and international marine scientific voyages throughout the academic career. \r\nHis expertise are (1) Marine Biodiversity and Ecology (Microplankton, Phytoplankton and Microzooplankton) (2) Biological Oceanography (Phytoplankton Dynamics) (3) Chemical Oceanography (Nutrient Dynamics) (4) Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) (5) Eutrophication and Phytoplankton (6) Physical Oceanography (CTD)",institutionString:"Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:{id:"83707",title:"Dr.",name:"Umur",middleName:null,surname:"Önal",slug:"umur-onal",fullName:"Umur Önal",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/83707/images/5354_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Umur ÖNAL is a full professor in the Department of Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey. Dr. ÖNAL received his MS and Ph.D from the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University. His research interests involve larval fish and mollusc culture and mainly focuses on larval fish feeding and nutrition. In addition, he studies reproduction of fish and molluscs with emphasis on optimizing reproduction potential towards developing methods on the mass culture of early stages of commercially important species.",institutionString:null,position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"0",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}},coeditorTwo:{id:"208452",title:"Dr.",name:"Ali",middleName:null,surname:"İsmen",slug:"ali-ismen",fullName:"Ali İsmen",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/208452/images/5355_n.jpg",biography:'Dr. Ali İSMEN is a full professor in Fisheries Section of Marine Science and Technology Faculty in Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey. Dr. ISMEN has completed his undergraduate education on Fisheries in Ankara University in 1985. Then, he comleted his graduate education in 1988 in Ankara University, giving the master thesis titled \\"A comparative study of the catches in bait and non-bait pinter with freshwater lobster (Astacus leptodactylus Esch.1823)”. In 1995, he completed his PhD thesis titled “Biology and Population Parameters of whiting (Merlangus merlangus euxinus) in Turkish Coasts of the Black Sea\\" in METU, Institute of Marine Science, Department of Fisheries Biology. He is interested in marine fish species distribution, fisheries biology, stock assessment and population parameters in Turkish seas. He has scientific studies numerous published by various reputed scientific journals and others.',institutionString:null,position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"0",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:null},coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"659",title:"Aquatic Ecosystem",slug:"earth-and-planetary-sciences-marine-biology-aquatic-ecosystem"}],chapters:[{id:"61795",title:"Introductory Chapter: Marine Ecology—Biotic and Abiotic Interactions",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.78296",slug:"introductory-chapter-marine-ecology-biotic-and-abiotic-interactions",totalDownloads:1120,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Muhammet Turkoglu, Umur Onal and Ali Ismen",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/61795",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/61795",authors:[{id:"99483",title:"Prof.",name:"Muhammet",surname:"Turkoglu",slug:"muhammet-turkoglu",fullName:"Muhammet Turkoglu"}],corrections:null},{id:"61920",title:"Geo-Biological Coupling of Authigenic Carbonate Formation and Autotrophic Faunal Colonization at Deep-Sea Methane Seeps I: Geo-Biological Settings",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.76976",slug:"geo-biological-coupling-of-authigenic-carbonate-formation-and-autotrophic-faunal-colonization-at-1",totalDownloads:1063,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:"Methane (CH4) in sub-seafloor sediment is generated both biologically and non-biologically from organic and inorganic sources. A major part of the sub-seafloor methane is oxidized before leakage via “anaerobic oxidation of methane” (AOM) in the subsurface. The AOM-survivor methane, which is relatively minor part of the subsurface methane, leaches to the overlying water column and is eventually subject to thorough anaerobic and aerobic oxidation in the water column. The AOM with sulfate results in the generation of carbon dioxide and sulfide; the former (CO2) is incorporated into authigenic carbonate and autotrophic biomass, and the autotrophy is energetically driven by oxidation of the latter (H2S). These processes are typically observed at focused sites that are generally known as “methane seeps” or hydrocarbon seeps, or occasionally called as cold seeps in comparison with hydrothermal vents. Methane seeps are typically formed in passive and active continental margins, occasionally with unique features such as exposed methane hydrates, mud volcanoes, asphalt volcanoes, salt diapirs, and brine pools. Accordingly, authigenic carbonates and unique biological communities are shaped at respective methane seeps. This chapter overviews geological and biological setting for the formation of methane seeps associated with unique landscapes of carbonates and biomes.",signatures:"Takeshi Naganuma",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/61920",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/61920",authors:[null],corrections:null},{id:"62136",title:"Geo-Biological Coupling of Authigenic Carbonate Formation and Autotrophic Faunal Colonization at Deep-Sea Methane Seeps II. Geo-Biological Landscapes",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.78978",slug:"geo-biological-coupling-of-authigenic-carbonate-formation-and-autotrophic-faunal-colonization-at-2",totalDownloads:1235,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:"Deep-sea methane seeps are typically shaped with authigenic carbonates and unique biomes depending on methane-driven and methane-derived metabolisms. Authigenic carbonates vary in δ13C values due probably to δ13C variation in the carbon sources (directly carbon dioxide and bicarbonate, and ultimately methane) which is affected by the generation and degradation (oxidation) of methane at respective methane seeps. Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) by specially developed microbial consortia has significant influences on the carbonate δ13C variation as well as the production of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide for chemoautotrophic biomass production. Authigenesis of carbonates and faunal colonization are thus connected. Authigenic carbonates also vary in Mg contents that seem correlated again to faunal colonization. Among the colonizers, mussels tend to colonize low δ13C carbonates, while gutless tubeworms colonize high-Mg carbonates. The types and varieties of such geo-biological landscapes of methane seeps are overviewed in this chapter. A unique feature of a high-Mg content of the rock-tubeworm conglomerates is also discussed.",signatures:"Takeshi Naganuma",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/62136",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/62136",authors:[null],corrections:null},{id:"57495",title:"Plankton Ecology and Productivity in Jamaican Waters with New and Unique Applications",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.70663",slug:"plankton-ecology-and-productivity-in-jamaican-waters-with-new-and-unique-applications",totalDownloads:1303,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Unique applications of plankton ecology and productivity in Jamaican waters are presented. While traditional indices were inadequate descriptors of mangrove lagoon water quality, planktonic indices (total Chlorophyll a, zooplankton groups and species) were more reliable. Phytoplankton biomass was used to indicate a longitudinal gradient along the Hellshire Coastline, identifying non-point sources of enrichment, and movement of water masses in the absence of expensive Eulerian current meters. Along that same coast, mean primary production, determined by 14C techniques, confirmed a gradient from the eutrophic Kingston Harbour (21.1 g C m−2year−1) to the oligotrophic control site (0.52 g C m−2 year−1). Maximum inshore station values (36.75–18.39 g C m−2 year−1) were more than 20 times greater than offshore and exceeded Harbour values, confirming non-point sources and localized mechanisms as important inshore sources of eutrophication. The novel use of Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) software to model trophic flows within planktonic communities was done in two bays. For Discovery Bay, on Jamaica’s north coast, the model indicated a developing ecosystem with open mineral cycles and poor nutrient conservation while in Foul and Folly Bays on the southeastern coast the model indicated greater resilience and ability to recover from perturbations. These applications have facilitated informed management decisions for sustainable use in Jamaican coastal ecosystems.",signatures:"Mona K. Webber, Dale F. Webber and Gale Persad Ford",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/57495",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/57495",authors:[null],corrections:null},{id:"57518",title:"Ecology of Planktonic Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua)",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.70661",slug:"ecology-of-planktonic-atlantic-cod-gadus-morhua-",totalDownloads:961,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Atlantic cod larvae surviving the first weeks after hatching settle next years juvenile recruitment on Georges Bank (USA). It probably supports Hjort’s critical period hypothesis that effects of climate on marine biological productivity control early-life history processes and recruitment in fish populations. Climate also regulates local ultraviolet sea surface radiation, which may potentially kill microbes pathogenic to planktonic cod eggs. Survival capacities of cod larvae depend on maternal effects on egg qualities attained during oogenesis, influenced by variable food sources for female cod. Actual survival of first-feeding cod larvae requires proper abundance of preferred prey, copepod nauplii, produced by fertile females. Temporal and spatial mismatch between cod larvae and prey is normal, extensive and lethal, counteracted by opportunistic behavior that optimizes encounters. In spawning habitats of Northeast Arctic cod, the abundance of Calanus finmarchicus nauplii possibly results from coastal biological productivity in the previous year, which may explain time lags in positive correlations between vernal river discharge and NEA cod recruitment. Extensive meltwater storage for year-round hydroelectric production probably limits food web productivity, survival of NEA cod larvae and stock recruitment. Global climate change and stock management interact ecologically with other anthropogenic influences concerning sustainability of Atlantic cod population systems.",signatures:"Stig Skreslet",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/57518",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/57518",authors:[null],corrections:null},{id:"56972",title:"Encounters in the Zooplankton: Implications for Pelagic Ecosystem Dynamics",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.70662",slug:"encounters-in-the-zooplankton-implications-for-pelagic-ecosystem-dynamics",totalDownloads:1099,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Many important phenomena in the plankton are driven by encounters among individuals. These encounters are mediated by the relative motion of zooplankters, either through the swimming ability of organisms, the small-scale hydrodynamic turbulence, or both. Through selected case studies, in this chapter, we illustrate how encounter rates influence the predator-prey interactions and reproduction, two of the major processes regulating the zooplankton population dynamics. Estimations on the encounter rates among zooplankters were made on the basis of the Gerritsen-Strickler and Rothschild-Osborn models, which consider non-turbulent and turbulent conditions, respectively. In a first case, we show how the predatory impact of siphonophores is over the fish larvae, in the southern Gulf of Mexico. In the absence of water turbulence, a predator encounters 38–40 prey in a day at surface waters, but under the influence of the wind, encounters can increase between 1.2 and 3.3 times depending on the wind velocity and prey speed. In a second case, we examined the encounters between a copepod predator and a cladoceran prey, the dominant groups in the meromictic lagoon of Clipperton atoll. Here, a predator can encounter a high number of prey (until 441) in a day, due to the high density of prey. Turbulence conditions enhance encounter rates, but even if encounters are high, it does not mean that a predator can ingest a high number of prey. In a third case, we analyzed the mate encounters of the holoplanktonic mollusk Firoloida desmarestia from the southern Gulf of Mexico, throughout an annual cycle. Results indicated that May is the high reproductive season, a period where a female can encounter 17 males in a day, under turbulent conditions. As F. desmarestia is a low abundant species, the role of wind-induced turbulence proved to be highly important in increasing encounters between mates. These case studies illustrate the importance of encounters among zooplankters in the growth and maintenance of populations in the plankton. Future field and experimental studies are needed to achieve a better understanding of the pelagic ecosystem dynamics.",signatures:"Laura Sanvicente-Añorve and Miguel Alatorre-Mendieta",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/56972",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/56972",authors:[null],corrections:null},{id:"59865",title:"Marine Fisheries in Nigeria: A Review",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.75032",slug:"marine-fisheries-in-nigeria-a-review",totalDownloads:3943,totalCrossrefCites:9,totalDimensionsCites:11,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:"Fisheries production especially from marine is important for the socio-economic development of Nigerians and its contribution to the nation’s economic growth through the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Nigeria is blessed with enough marine fisheries resources that could enhance increased fish production. Yet, fish supply from domestic production is far below the fish demand of her citizens. This chapter is therefore focused on marine fisheries in Nigeria. We adopted a desk review approach. This chapter is divided into different sections such as the Nigerian fisheries sector, marine fisheries resources in Nigeria, status of marine fisheries production in Nigeria, marine fisheries regulations, and constraints to optimal marine fisheries production in Nigeria. We concluded that the contribution of aquaculture to marine fisheries production has been low, compared to the marine capture fisheries production. Also, we noted that despite the availability of regulations, noncompliance by fisher folks has not helped to optimize marine fisheries production. We therefore recommended that the culture of marine fishes should be intensified. Marine waters should also be protected against destruction and pollution as a result of human activities. Available marine fisheries regulations should be enforced and violators of the regulations should be punished as stipulated in the regulations.",signatures:"Olalekan Jacob Olaoye and Wahab Gbenga Ojebiyi",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/59865",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/59865",authors:[null],corrections:null},{id:"60228",title:"Marine Stock Enhancement in India: Current Status and Future Prospects",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.75175",slug:"marine-stock-enhancement-in-india-current-status-and-future-prospects",totalDownloads:2192,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"India is a 12 mega-diversity nation known for its biodiversity richness. The geographic territory of India is an integral part of Central Indian Ocean Region consisting of three distinct marine ecosystem zones such as the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean. India is endowed with an exclusive economic zone of 2.02 million km2, coastline of over 8000 km and a variety of coastal ecosystems. The estimated number of marine fish species known from India constitutes 2443 species distributed in 230 families. According to the IUCN extant (2014), 50 species are threatened (6 of them critically endangered, 7 endangered and 37 vulnerable), while 45 are near-threatened. Marine fish diversity is in ever-increasing danger with depletion of resources. Overdependence on fish has led to overfishing resulting in the dwindling of diversity and abundance of stocks. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute has initiated marine stock assessment practices in India and its present report in 2016 recorded a total of 709 species which is lower than 730 species recorded in 2015 in the landings showing an alarming situation on the exploited marine fishery resources of India. This situation demands restorative measures such as restocking, stock enhancement and sea ranching.",signatures:"Mohammad Serajuddin, Farah Bano, Madhu Awasthi, Pragya\nGupta and Graish Kumar",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/60228",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/60228",authors:[null],corrections:null},{id:"60154",title:"The Natural Ecology and Stock Enhancement of the Edible Jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye, 1891) in the Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea, China",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.75576",slug:"the-natural-ecology-and-stock-enhancement-of-the-edible-jellyfish-rhopilema-esculentum-kishinouye-18",totalDownloads:1052,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Among the edible jellyfish species, Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye, 1891, is one of the most abundant jellyfish species consumed. Therefore, this jellyfish species is an important fisheries source in China. The jellyfish fisheries in China show annually considerable fluctuations and have a very short season. In the chapter, we firstly try to review the natural ecology of R. esculentum, which includes the distribution and migration, growth model, and survival rate in the Liaodong Bay (LDB) based on the results of our field studies for more than 20 years. Secondly, we focus on reviewing the jellyfish fishery and population dynamic in the LDB. Thirdly, we emphasize the themes, including the survey methods, catch prediction, enhancement assessment, and fishery management, based on our survey results from 2005 to 2010. Finally, we present our field and experiment results of resource restoration. The high commercial value of R. esculentum enhancement in the LDB has made this a very successful enterprise.",signatures:"Jing Dong, Bin Wang, Yan Duan, Aiyong Wang, Yulong Li, Ming\nSun, Yu Chai, Xiuze Liu, Xuguang Yu, Dong Guo and Xiaolin Wang",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/60154",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/60154",authors:[null],corrections:null},{id:"60698",title:"Overview on Mediterranean Shark’s Fisheries: Impact on the Biodiversity",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.74923",slug:"overview-on-mediterranean-shark-s-fisheries-impact-on-the-biodiversity",totalDownloads:1125,totalCrossrefCites:14,totalDimensionsCites:19,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:"Bibliographic analysis shows that the Mediterranean Sea is a hot spot for cartilaginous species biodiversity, including sharks, rays, and chimaeras; 49 sharks and 36 rays were recorded in this region. However, they are by far the most endangered group of marine fish in the Mediterranean Sea. The IUCN Red List shows clearly the vulnerability of elasmobranchs and the lack of data; 39 species (53% of 73 assessed species) are critically endangered, endangered, or vulnerable. The biological characteristics of elasmobranchs (low fecundity, late maturity, and slow growth) make them more vulnerable to fishing pressure than most teleost fish. Overfishing, the wide use of nonselective fishing practices, and habitat degradation are leading to dramatic declines of these species in the Mediterranean Sea. In general, elasmobranchs are not targeted but are caught incidentally. In many fisheries, they are, however, often landed and marketed. A decline in cartilaginous fish species landings has been observed while fishing effort has generally increased. Better understanding of the composition of incidental and targeted catches of sharks by commercial fisheries are fundamentally important for the conservation of these populations. Moreover, problems encountered by elasmobranchs in the area are highlighted, and conservation measures are suggested.",signatures:"Mohamed Nejmeddine Bradai, Bechir Saidi and Samira Enajjar",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/60698",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/60698",authors:[null],corrections:null},{id:"59954",title:"An Update on Reproduction in Ghost Shrimps (Decapoda: Axiidea) and Mud Lobsters (Decapoda: Gebiidea)",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.75067",slug:"an-update-on-reproduction-in-ghost-shrimps-decapoda-axiidea-and-mud-lobsters-decapoda-gebiidea-",totalDownloads:1260,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:9,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"In this report, I review the taxonomic history, body adaptations, ecology, and reproduction of the infraorders Axiidea (ghost shrimps) and Gebiidea (mud lobsters). Known until recently as the “Thalassinidea,” modern classification divided Axiidea into six families and Gebiidea into five. Ghost shrimps are characterized by having the first and second pereiopod chelate and a soft and delicate body, whereas mud lobsters possess the first pereiopod chelate or subchelate and second pereiopod subchelate or simple with a hard and heavily calcified body. Among the main body adaptations of these organisms are distinguished: (i) carapace laterally compressed, (ii) pleon longer than the cephalothorax in ghost shrimps but usually shorter in mud lobsters, and (iii) anterior feet thrown directly forward. Current accounting of axiideans and gebiideans reaches around 781 and 240 extant species, respectively, with major number of species in Callianassidae and Upogebiidae within of each clade. Male reproductive system involves paired testes linked to the vas deferens that open in gonopores on the ventral coxal segment of the fifth pereiopod. In females, the reproductive system is composed of paired and colored ovaries, one ovary shorter than another, and a pair of short and translucent oviducts linking each ovary to the gonopore, this latter located on the ventral coxal of the third pereiopod. When present in males, the first pleopod is sexually dimorphic. Most ghost shrimps show distinct sexual dimorphism in body size and the major cheliped which become them in a promising group for growth studies. Hypertrophied chelipeds in males are often used to defend galleries against invasion from other shrimps from the same or opposite sex or during the intense male-to-male competition for sexual partners. Knowledge about sexual systems of these species remains limited; however, available information suggests that hermaphroditism might be commonly present in axiideans and gebiideans. Regarding mating systems, all species of ghost shrimp and mud lobster with solitary habits and remarkable sexual dimorphism in the major cheliped are expected to be polygamous. Finally, considerable variability among Axiidea and Gebiidea species in fecundity and egg size may indicate important differences in the reproductive strategy and may also reflect a latitudinal trend as observed in other decapods.",signatures:"Patricio Hernáez",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/59954",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/59954",authors:[null],corrections:null},{id:"61371",title:"The Role of Microalgae in Renewable Energy Production: Challenges and Opportunities",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73573",slug:"the-role-of-microalgae-in-renewable-energy-production-challenges-and-opportunities",totalDownloads:1930,totalCrossrefCites:8,totalDimensionsCites:13,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Microalgae are one of the most effective sources of renewable energy production. It can grow at high rates and capable of producing oil along the year. Microalgae biomass was first suggested as a feedstock for biofuel production and received early attention for commercial application. Microalgae are expected to be a vital raw material for amino acids, vitamins and productions of valuable byproducts. The cultivation of microalgae is known to be the most gainful business in the biotechnological industry. It is a waste less, environmentally pure, energy and resource saving route. Biodiesel production from algal lipid is non-toxic and highly biodegradable. Conversion of biomass to biofuel can be achieved by different methods which are broadly classified into: thermal, chemical and biochemical methods, in addition to the large number of different agents for decomposing and hydrolysing. We can obtain the low-cost energy production from the wastewater treatment by using microalgae. 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It is one of the most abundant resources of the earth, covering about 3/4th of earth’s surface. Though it covers earth’s major portion yet there is severe shortage of potable water in many countries around the world mainly developing countries and middle east region countries. The reason for this situation is that nearly 97.5% of earth’s water is salt water present in oceans and remaining 2.5% is fresh water which is in the form of ground water, ice-mountains, lakes and rivers, which serves most human and animal needs [1, 2].
According to UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) 1/3rd of the world’s population lives in countries with insufficient freshwater resources [3]. Hence enormous efforts are required to make new water resources available and minimize water deficiency in countries with shortage of fresh water [4]. World Health Organization guidelines state that the permissible limits of salinity in drinking water are 500 ppm and in few cases it may extend up to 1000 ppm [5]. Most of the water on earth has salinity ranging upto 10,000 ppm and for sea water it may be in the range of 35,000–45,000 ppm due to its dissolved salts [6].
For every 20 years, the consumption rate of water is doubling exceeding by two times the rate of population growth. The potable water resources are on the decline and water demand is high. In recent times various industrial and developmental activities have resulted in increasing pollution and deteriorating the quality of water. Thus water shortages and unreliable quality of water are considered to be major hindrances for sustainable development of society.
The existing water resources are decreasing
Due to unbalanced distribution of rain water and drought
Extreme exploitation of ground water resources and its un sufficient recharge
Degradation of water quality due to the discharge of domestic and industrial wastes without sufficient treatment
Since the fresh water resources are very limited to serve the major population needs and salt water is unsuitable for many applications, desalination of salt water (sea water) emerges as a boon to most of the population to serve their needs [6]. This chapter gives detailed information on different desalination techniques used across the world. It also highlights the merits and demerits involved in these processes.
It can be defined as any process which removes excess salts and minerals from water (or) the chemical process of changing seawater into potable water are called desalination. These processes may be used for municipal, industrial or any commercial uses. In major desalination methods the feed water is treated and two streams of water are obtained
Treated potable fresh water that has less amounts of salt and minerals(treated water or product water)
Concentrate or brine that has salt and mineral concentrations higher than that of original feed water or saltwater [7, 8].
Salt water or feed water sources may include sea water, brackish, wells, surface (rivers and streams), wastewater, and industrial feed and process waters. With advancements in technology, desalination processes are becoming cost effective compared to other methods of producing usable water to meet the growing demands. The water that is obtained after desalination should be remineralised to be fit for human consumption. The concentrated brine obtained in desalination process must be disposed of in a proper manner.
Different desalination processes have been developed, some of them are at present under research and development. The two major technologies that are mainly used for desalination are
Thermal desalination technology
Membrane desalination technology
Both the technologies include a number of different processes, a part from these there are alternative technologies like freezing and ion exchange which are not generally used. All these technologies need energy to operate. Conventional energy or renewable energy is generally used in these methods (Figure 1).
Classification of water desalination processes. Source: [
It is generally known as distillation. It is one of the most ancient ways of desalinating sea water and converting them to drinking water. This technology is rarely used for desalinating brackish water since it is expensive.
This technology is based on principles of boiling the saline water and evaporating it and then collecting the condensed vapour to obtain pure water. The salt is left behind and the distillate is collected, [9].
The thermal desalination processes are subdivided into the following types
Multi-stage flash distillation (MSF)
Multi-effect distillation (MED)
Vapour compression evaporation (VC)
Cogeneration
Solar water desalination
Multistage flash distillation process principle involves the distillation through many (multi-stage) chambers (Figure 2). Here each successive stage of the plant runs at progressively low pressures. The feed water is initially heated under high pressure and is passed into the first flash chamber. In first flash chamber the pressure is released causing the water to boil rapidly resulting in quick evaporation or flashing. This process continues in each successive stage because the pressure in the next stage is less than the previous stage. The vapour that is produced by flashing is converted into fresh water by condensing it on heat exchanger tubing present in each stage. The tubes are then cooled by incoming cooler feed water.
Multi-stage flash distillation. Source: [
In the MSF process as shown in Figure, the feed water (saline water) is heated in a vessel known as the brine heater until it reaches a temperature below the saturation boiling temperature.
The heated seawater then flows through a series of vessels, in sequence, where the lower atmospheric pressure causes the water to boil quickly and get vaporized. This sudden introduction of hot water into the reduced-pressure chamber is referred to as the ‘flashing effect’ because the water nearly flashes into steam [11]. A small percentage of this water is converted into water vapour and this percentage is mainly dependent on the pressure inside the stage. The vapour that is generated by flashing is converted to fresh water by getting condensed on the tubes of heat exchangers (condenser) that pass through each stage. The incoming feed water going to the brine heater cools the tubes. This, in return, heats up the feed water and thus increases the thermal efficiency by reducing the amount of thermal energy required by the brine heater to raise the temperature of the seawater.
Building of MSF distillation plants started in late1950s. Some of these MSF plants can comprise 15–25 stages [12]. These distillation plants can possess either
Once- through or
Recycled process
In once- through design, the feed water or saline water is passed through the heater and flash chambers only once and then it is disposed of
In recycled design, the feed water used for cooling purpose is also recycled.
All of these processes can be structured as a long tube or cross tube design. In case of long tube design the tubing is parallel to the concentrate flow and in case of cross tube design, the tubing is perpendicular to concentrate flow.
MSF is producing around 64% of the total world desalinated water at present. Though this process is the most reliable source for the production of potable water from seawater, yet it is considered as an energy demanding process that requires both thermal and mechanical energy [12].
MSF plants are prone to corrosion unless stainless steel is used. In addition to corrosion, MSF plants are also subjected to erosion and impingement attack. This erosion is generally caused by the turbulence of the feed water in the flash chamber, when it passes from one stage to another.
MSF plants are relatively simple to construct and easy to operate [11]
They have no moving parts, other than conventional pumps, and contains only some amount of connection tubing [11]
The quality of effluent water contains 2–10 ppm of dissolved solids which means a high level of purification. So it is re-mineralized in the post-treatment process to make it palatable and fit for consumption [13].
Though operating plants at higher temperatures (over 115°C) improves their efficiency but causes scaling problems because the salts such as calcium sulphate precipitate on the tubes surfaces and cause thermal and mechanical problems like tube clogging.
It is considered as an energy intensive process, which requires both thermal and mechanical energy, but it can be overcome by the cogeneration system.
Adding more stages in MSF improves its efficiency and increases water production, but it increases the capital cost and causes operational complexity [14] (Figure 3).
Multiple effect distillation. Sources: [
The multi-effect distillation process has been used since the late 1950s and early 1960s. Multi-effect distillation employs the same principles of multi-stage flash distillation but contrary to it, it occurs in a series of vessels (effects) and uses the principles of evaporation and condensation at reduced ambient pressure [17].
In Multi- effect distillation process, a series of evaporator effects produce water at progressively lower pressures. As pressure decreases successively water boils at lower temperatures and the water vapour of the first vessel serves as the heating medium for the second, and so on. The more the vessels or effects, the higher the performance ratio. The water vapour which is formed during boiling of water is condensed and collected. The use of multiple effects makes this process more efficient.
Multi-effect distillation is known to be the oldest large scale distillation method for desalinating sea water. Its major characteristics are high quality distilled water, high unit capacity and high heat efficiency.
The multi-effect distillation process is designed to operate at lower temperatures of 70°C. This lessens tube corrosion and the scale formation on the tube surfaces.
The quality of the feed water is not as important as that in Reverse Osmosis system technology. Hence the cost of pre-treatment and operation of this technology is low.
The power consumption in this technology is lower than that of the MSF and performance is higher than MSF plants. Hence MED technology can be considered to be cost effective and more efficient than MSF technology in terms of potable water production [11] (Figure 4).
Vapour compression evaporation. Source: [
The vapour compression distillation (VCD) or vapour compression evaporation process is operated individually or used along with other processes like MED and single-effect vapour compression. In this method the heat for evaporating the feed water comes from the compression of vapour and not by the direct exchange of heat from steam produced in a boiler [7].
Two devices are generally used in this process to condense the water vapour to generate adequate heat to evaporate the seawater. Among them one is a mechanical compressor (mechanical vapour compression) and the other a steam jet (thermal vapour compression), Vapour compression (VC) units are built in different configurations. Mechanical compressor is generally used to generate the heat for evaporation and it runs normally by electricity or diesel.This compressor creates vacuum in the evaporator and compresses the vapour obtained from the evaporator, condenses it in a tube bundle.
The feed water is sprayed outside the heated tube bundle. Here the water boils and gets evaporated partially creating more vapour.
In case of steam jet type of vacuum compression distillation, a venture orifice present at the steam jet creates water vapour and extracts it from the water vapour, creating a lower atmospheric temperature. The water vapour that is extracted is compressed by the steam jet and condensed on the tube walls to furnish heat of condensation to evaporate the feed water that is being pumped on the other side in the evaporator.
These units are generally smaller in capacity, and are mostly used at hotels, resorts and in industries.
This method is simple and reliable and hence it can be considered as a better option for small-scale desalination units. They usually have a capacity of 3000 m3/day and are generally used for resorts, industries and drilling sites where fresh water is in shortage.
The operating temperature of VC distillation or evaporation is low which makes it a simple and efficient process in terms of power consumption.
Since the operating temperatures are low (below 70°C), the potential for scale formation and tube corrosion is reduced.
Solar desalination method is generally used for small-scale operations (Figure 5). Though the designs of these units are different, but the basic principle is the same. Here the sun provides heat energy to evaporate freshwater from salt water. In solar distillation process, the water vapour generated from the evaporation process condenses on a clear glass or plastic covering and then it is collected as freshwater in a condensate trough. The covering is used for dual purposes one to transmit radiant energy and second to allow water vapour to condense on its interior surface. The salt that is left behind and un-evaporated water present in the still basin must be disposed of appropriately [17].
Solar desalination. Source: [
Solar distillation is mostly used in arid regions where safe freshwater is not available. Solar distillation units produce varying amounts of freshwater, basing on their design and geographic location.
There is a possibility to use energy for dual purpose or cogeneration systems in which the energy sources can perform various different functions such as electric power generation and desalination of water.
In these cogeneration plants, the electricity is generated with high-pressure steam to operate the turbines and the steam is produced by boilers at temperatures up to 5408°C. When this steam expands in turbines, its temperature and energy levels get reduced. As we know that distillation plants need steam with temperatures lower than 1208°C, this can be easily obtained at the end of the turbine after maximum energy has been utilized in electric power generation. The steam is used for the desalination process and the condensate from the steam is then returned to the boiler to get reheated again to be used in the turbine [18].
The major advantage of cogeneration system is that it uses very less fuel than other plants operating separately and the energy costs are less for desalination process.
In contrary, one of the disadvantages is that, problems can occur due to permanent coupling between the desalination plant and the power plant which can create a problem in water production when the need for electricity is reduced or when the turbine or generator has a problem.
Initially membrane applications were confined to municipal water treatment such as microfiltration and desalination but due to advancements in technology and development of new membranes, it is used not only for water purification but also in chemical separations, concentration of enzymes and purification of beverages.
Membrane processes uses a relatively permeable membrane to move either water or salt to produce two zones of differing concentrations to produce fresh water. These processes are also useful in municipal water treatment. Reverse osmosis and electro dialysis (ED) are replacing other phase change desalting technologies for supplying water to coastal and island communities all over the world. RO is emerging as an economical alternative to the traditional water softening processes [11].
Membrane technology consists of several processes, but the major difference between them lies in the size of the ions, molecules and suspended particles that are retained or allowed to pass via the membranes. Major separation processes include nano-filtration, ultra-filtration, microfiltration and filtration used in the pre-treatment stages of desalination that are used to remove large particles, bacteria, ions and for water softening.
The membrane processes are further categorized into
Reverse osmosis
Electro dialysis
Membrane distillation
When compared to other processes, Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a relatively a new process used for desalination (Figure 6). The principle involved in this RO process is that, it uses pressure as the driving force to push feed water through a semi-permeable membrane into a product water stream and a concentrated brine stream [20].
Reverse osmosis (RO). Source: [
Nano-filtration (NF) is also a similar membrane process which is used for removal of divalent salt ions such as Calcium, Magnesium, and Sulphate. RO is also used for removal of Sodium and Chloride ions.
Osmosis is a natural phenomenon by which water from a low salt concentration solution flows into a more concentrated solution via semi-permeable membrane. When pressure is applied to the solution of higher salt concentration solution, the water starts flowing in a reverse direction through the semi-permeable membrane, leaving the salt behind. This is known as the reverse osmosis process or RO process. Here the membrane configurations consist of spiral wound, hollow fibre and sheet with spiral. The operating pressures for reverse osmosis and nano-filtration range in between 50 and 1000psig.
An RO desalination plant mainly comprises of four major systems:
Pre-treatment system
High-pressure pumps
Membrane systems
Post-treatment
Electrodialysis (ED) method is a voltage-driven process. This process uses electrical potential to remove salts using a membrane, leaving fresh water behind. ED was initially used as a seawater desalination process; it is now used for brackish water desalination process also.
Electrodialysis (ED) process is operated using direct current (DC) in which ions (contrary to water in pressure-driven processes) flow via ion selective membranes to oppositely charged electrodes. In these systems, the polarity of the electrodes is reversed repeatedly.
Since water contains dissolved salts in the form of ions and these ions get attracted towards oppositely charged electrodes, electrodialysis can be used to separate salts and fresh water-.this method uses suitable membranes to permit passage of selective ions either cations or anions [26].
This technology uses the principles of both thermal and membrane technologies, that is, distillation and membrane based desalination processes. In this method temperature difference is created in between the supply solution that is coming in contact with the surface on one side of microporous membrane and the space left on its other side [22]. This temperature difference causes difference in vapour pressure, resulting in the transfer of the produced vapour through the membrane onto the condensation surface. The whole process is based on the use of hydrophobic membranes that are permeable only to the vapour, thus excluding liquid vphase and dissolved particles. The vapour produced then passes through the membrane and gets condensed on the cooling surface producing fresh water.
Membrane distillation is simple and operates at low temperature. Hence it utilizes less amount of heat. Coupling MD units with solar energy sources makes it more attractive.
It operates at a lower pressure than other pressure-driven membrane processes
Main disadvantage is that MD requires more space compared to other membrane processes [23]
In this process the feed water should not have any organic pollutants. This fact turns to be a limitation for this process [11].
Though a number of other methods have been used in water desalination process, but none of them turned to be commercially as successful as MSF, RO, and ED technologies. Some alternative methods are also used for desalination process. They are
Freezing and ion exchange processes
The principle involved in freezing desalination is that, in the process of freezing, the dissolved salts present in the feed water are separated during the formation of ice crystals. Seawater can be desalinated by cooling the water to form crystals under controlled conditions. Before the total amount of feed water has been frozen, the mixture is washed and rinsed to remove the salts present in the remaining water or that is sticking to the ice crystals. The ice is then melted to produce fresh water. Since the main heat transfer processes involved are freezing and melting which are regenerative, this method is said to have very high energy efficiency [24].
This process uses theoretically lower energy and has less chance for corrosion and scaling.
It produces pure drinking water and also water for irrigation
The disadvantage in this process is handling ice and water mixtures which are mechanically complicated to move and to be processed [25].
Ion exchangers are generally organic or inorganic solids which are capable of exchanging one type of cation (or anion) immobilized on the solid surface for another type of cation (or anion) present in solution. For example, Na+ ions in solution can be replaced with H+ by a cation exchanger and Cl− ions can be similarly replaced with OH− by an anion exchanger, resulting in the complete ‘demineralization’ of a NaCl solution. This process can be reversed by regenerating the cation exchanger with an acid, and the anion exchanger with a base.
The desalination of brackish water and seawater proves to be a reliable source of fresh water and is proves to be a solution for the world’s water shortage problem. Desalination processes are normally used to produce drinking water in areas where only seawater or brackish water is the source of water. A number of technologies have been developed and many more methods are under R&D for desalination. They can be used for small scale, that is, supplying water for small communities (e.g. solar distillation) and large scale to supply water to cities, that is, huge plants (e.g. reverse osmosis).
Though desalination costs seem to be progressively decreasing, but they are still costlier than conventional drinking water processes. Coming to environmental aspects each desalination plant has to take proper measures in case of intake of water, pre-treatment of water as well as disposing concentrate reject water that is produced in the process because environmental aspects are equally important as commercial aspects.
The costs for maintaining the quality of the logistics services at the level of the customer’s expectation are associated with the achievement of high efficiency of the processes [1, 2], better quality of the incoming material flows [3], and performance of the equipment and inventories without failure [4, 5]. The achievement of the “Just-in-time”, JIT principle for all products delivered requires targeted managerial efforts for maintaining the continuity of the logistics processes [6, 7, 8, 9, 10], ensuring efficient human resource management [11, 12, 13], and optimal utilization of the warehousing potential [14, 15, 16, 17]. The identification, minimization, and elimination of deviations from set quality levels and the causes for failure of the system should be identified at the earliest possible stage in order to reduce the expenses for recovering the system to its normal operation. The level of quality has a positive impact on the implementation of the selected logistics strategy [18, 19, 20, 21], whereas the low level of quality is an indicator of the poor efficiency of the supply chain [22]. The main objective of the quality management processes is to ensure the effective performance of the logistics services. It has been concluded that when the quality management processes are operated as a system, they have a much more positive impact on the performance of the individual components of the system rather than the contrary. It has also been postulated that certain key areas of the logistics operations have a decisive impact on the efficiency of the logistics system, such as, for example, transportation and storage operations.
To analyze the costs for maintaining required quality levels, the components of those costs (Figure 1), need to be clarified:
Quality assurance-specific costs.
Improvement of the logistics system efficiency is a key factor for ensuring products that meet demand and the flawless management of the organization [23, 24, 25, 26, 27]. Logistics operators that organize the supply chain by setting targets and results based on a limited budget manage to achieve growth in their revenues and assets, and, at the same time, reduce their operational costs [28, 29]. Due to the constantly emerging risks in the operations in the real economy where the logistics operations take place, it is often necessary to respond to the specific situation for overcoming the bottlenecks without considering the strategic guidelines for business development [30]. This is why the systems that are very flexible and capable of changing together with the market and the changes in the external environment are the most rapidly developing ones. In essence, the purpose of logistics operations can be defined as the effective and timely movement of goods to the places where the customer needs them at a reasonable price [31]. However, there are often restrictive conditions for the fulfillment of those purposes, and the appropriate equipment for loading and moving the transport vehicles is not always available when they are needed. In addition, the capacity of each logistics warehouse is strictly confined and fixed. There is competition in the sector of logistics, too. Therefore, the business needs to focus on its main competence and outsource to external contractors those services, the operation of which causes unjustified losses of resources, in order to achieve effective management of the costs for quality improvement. Actually, the main purpose of cost optimization is to practically [32, 33] satisfy the customer’s requirements by reducing the time for making the delivery. The main impediment to achieving this purpose is caused by the limited possibility to transfer and receive information about the actual demand in real-time.
The main problem about minimizing the costs for achieving the logistics purposes is related to the understanding about the management of the system itself as one that distributes the cargo (“push”) and one that requires distribution of the cargo where necessary and based on a customer’s order (“pull”) [34]. The first type of system is more appropriate in the case where no exact information about the need of goods is available. However, in this case, if demand is significantly higher than supply, distribution of scarce goods and priority servicing of selected customers is needed. The use of mathematical methods for planning routes, occupation of the warehousing facilities, and temporary hiring of workers can help to reduce costs. When accounting for the total operational overheads, the expenses for handling, storage, and transportation of the goods should be accounted for based on the main cost items. This can be done by identifying all the resources (including human resources), the packaging and repackaging operations performed, the processes, and the methods used for evaluation and control in order to ensure the overall performance of the process. In other words, the total costs for logistics are the sum of all costs incurred for the management and implementation of all processes and operations related to the logistics operations. Generally, the total costs can be divided into the following three groups:
costs associated with the operations,
costs related to with the management of the logistics system and,
costs associated with the application of possible logistics risks.
There is an interesting approach in the control of quality management costs, which was developed by Taguchi [35]. This method focuses on the causes for deviations from the quality and on establishing clearer criteria for defining the critical boundary that distinguishes between conforming and nonconforming services [36]. Taguchi’s contribution to quality management is related to the following principle that any variations and deviations in the function of quality are the results of random and nonrandom factors and losses are observed when the variation results in conditions where the product or service is on the exact boundary of the target conformity value [37]. This is the quadratic loss function since it is assumed that when the product or service is at its target value, the loss will be zero. According to Diallo, Khan, and Vail, the relationship between quality improvement by decreasing the variations and the costs can be analyzed by using Taguchi’s function. Many researchers have also applied Taguchi’s method in the field of logistics services [38, 39, 40, 41].
The contribution to the reduction of the total operational costs for prevention of nonconforming logistics services as compared to the increase in the costs for their management and their relationship to the costs for monitoring and control in logistics services has not been studied. A number of logistics organizations have not focused on this analysis and, as a result, perform restructuring or investments which do not yield the expected positive outcome. It is the author’s view that logistics service providers should draw their attention to investment in quality management related to the prevention of nonconformities. At the same time, logistics service providers should exercise more effort on the potential opportunities for the development of the actual logistics services and the service processes. This study offers a practical solution for management and analysis for measuring these qualitative changes.
The objective of the study is to analyze the contribution to total costs of the expenses for prevention related to quality management in logistics by focusing on the need to undertake priority preventive actions to ensure the provision of logistics services that meet the customer’s quality requirements. By using the applied methods, this study analyses the contribution to quality improvement of the costs attributed to the prevention and avoidance of nonconforming quality, for quality evaluation and control, and for covering the expenditures for nonconforming quality of the logistics services. The relationship between these groups of costs in quality management has been identified by means of structural modeling, which helps to establish the contribution of the costs to the achievement of sustainable quality of the logistics services.
The primary method for data analysis that has been used is Taguchi’s method, which defines quality from the perspective of cost minimization and the subsequent loss to society. Based on his definition about quality management, continuous, consistent, and targeted actions are required to achieve minimum variability of the logistics services offered. According to Taguchi, the efforts should focus on the following two aspects: defining the combination of factors that have the lowest impact on any deviation from quality, and adjusting those factors that are the cause for the deviation from the set target of the logistics services. Based on the results obtained from Taguchi’s loss function, the contribution of the different factors that could have an effect on the deviation from the customer’s expectations for high-quality logistics services can be quantified. This can be used for initiating improvements that could have a positive impact in terms of satisfying those expectations.
Taguchi’s method was applied in two stages:
A model generation stage, which allows the selection of those controllable levels of the factors that have the greatest contribution to the achievement of the logistics services quality level expected by the customers (studied dependence) and the respective significance levels.
Performing the actual analysis (Taguchi’s design) to identify the parameters of the analyzed factors that minimize the variation in the deviations. The calculation of the tolerances that contribute to the reduction of deviations from the expected quality level of the logistics services is performed using the software Microsoft Excel XLSTAT 2021® [42].
The proposed data to be evaluated have been taken from the annual financial statements of an operating logistics company in the food sector and have been subsequently divided into three main groups: for prevention and avoidance of nonconforming quality; for quality evaluation and control; for covering the costs for nonconforming quality of the logistics services. The information collected about the last two-year period has been summarized in tables in order to visually illustrate the potential impact and the actual improvement of the economic result. After the final data from the studied two-year period were collected (before and after the introduction of the changes in the cost structure), those data were summarized and presented in Table 1.
Short name | Nbr. Of categories | Period of time before implementation of the changes in the cost structure | Period of time after implementation of the changes in the cost structure |
---|---|---|---|
Prevention costs | 2 | 450 (in thousand euro) (450 k€) | 500 (in thousand euro) |
Evaluation and control costs | 2 | 200 (in thousand euro) | 250 (in thousand euro) |
Cost of nonconformities | 2 | 100 (in thousand euro) | 50 (in thousand euro) |
Variable information.
By observing Table 1, it can be seen that the costs for improvements after the introduction of the changes are two times greater than the costs for prevention and control, whereas the costs for covering losses as a result of nonconforming logistics services have decreased by half as compared to the period before the implementation of the changes. The change in the cost structure based on the pre-defined three groups has allowed for the practical application of Taguchi’s principle that the nonconforming logistics service cannot be improved through the process of control or covering the losses from the nonconformity after the service has been provided. The application does not have the potential to create a conforming service, but just to identify the conforming and nonconforming services. Based on the data obtained, the experimental design was built and a questionnaire was generated.
The data collection for the study was performed via telephone and online meetings in focus groups by taking into account all the restrictions imposed in relation to the pandemic. All participants in the study are currently managers in organizations where the main scope of business is the provision of logistics services in the field of trade and delivery of food products to wholesalers.
The participants in the study were selected based on their management experience and, in particular, their experience in the field of logistics services quality management costs. The required criterion for participation was at least 10 years of experience. Initial informative telephone conversations about the study and its methods, including the observation of all requirements of the relevant legislation related to personal data protection, were performed with potential participants in the study. Only 5 out of a total number of 20 potential participants did not agree to participate. The participants who confirmed participation received a questionnaire. The main purpose of this questionnaire was to study the potential attitudes and evaluations of the participants regarding the need of change in the structure of quality management costs. The study was performed in two consecutive panels in online meetings with a discussion in focus groups held in-between. The evaluation of the participants’ opinion was performed based on a 100-point scale ranging from 1 to 100. The questionnaire of the study is presented in Table 2.
By using the 100-point scale (where 1 is the lowest value and 100 is the response with the highest value), please, evaluate which, in your opinion, would be the most suitable cost structure for logistics services quality management represented in 8 different categories. | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observations | Prevention costs | Evaluation and control costs | Cost of nonconformities | Respondents’ answers in the two panels | |
Obs1 | 450 | 200 | 100 | ||
Obs2 | 450 | 200 | 50 | ||
Obs3 | 450 | 250 | 100 | ||
Obs4 | 450 | 250 | 50 | ||
Obs5 | 500 | 200 | 100 | ||
Obs6 | 500 | 200 | 50 | ||
Obs7 | 500 | 250 | 100 | ||
Obs8 | 500 | 250 | 50 |
Questionnaire of the study.
After the study, the participants’ responses were averaged and summarized for further analyses using Taguchi’s method.
The method used allows on one hand a comparison to be made, while on the other to quantify the difference between the target function (optimum ratio between the quality management costs) and its actual manifestation. The objective was to find a solution for minimizing deviations from the target function for logistics services in the food sector.
In the course of the study, Taguchi’s principles and methods for quality management were used to identify the optimum ratio between the quality management costs. The first principle that was applied is related to the statement that quality should be designed in the logistics service before offering that service on the market and, respectively, a strategy should be undertaken to increase the prevention costs (designing conforming quality) at the expense of the other costs.
Based on the experimental design, further calculations were made to find the contribution of the increased or decreased share of certain overheads to the achievement of a conforming service impacted to the lowest possible extent by the other factors. The data obtained from the two focus group sessions held were averaged and entered in Table 3.
Observations | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Obs1 | 450 | 200 | 100 | 75.000 | 76.000 |
Obs2 | 450 | 200 | 50 | 80.000 | 82.000 |
Obs3 | 450 | 250 | 100 | 78.000 | 80.000 |
Obs4 | 450 | 250 | 50 | 84.000 | 85.000 |
Obs5 | 500 | 200 | 100 | 85.000 | 84.000 |
Obs6 | 500 | 200 | 50 | 98.000 | 97.000 |
Obs7 | 500 | 250 | 100 | 88.000 | 96.000 |
Obs8 | 500 | 250 | 50 | 99.000 | 99.000 |
Experimental design (response 1 and 2).
Based on the results from Table 3, the experts have given a significantly lower number of points to the ratio of costs in the cases where there is an increase in the costs for operations associated with the rectification of problems, rather than preventive actions. It was concluded that this was the right approach; however, despite this, it is the author’s view that logistics organizations practically continue using their entire potential not for the development of the types of services offered on the market, but for the rectification of problems that have occurred in the course of providing those services. The reasons for that could be related to the fact that often when designing the actual services, the processes are dragged over time, which in turn, may lead to a delay. Therefore, this process often needs to be compensated by reducing the time limits under signed contracts and by adjusting all the details and parameters related to the negotiation of the logistics service. As a result, certain logistics operations are skipped, which are subsequently performed without actually specifying their parameters. This, on the other hand, creates more favorable conditions for customer claims and undertaking actions to increase the control in order to avoid such nonconformity in the future. The higher level of control leads to an increase in costs and does not guarantee that the services will be conforming if the conditions that lead to the presence of claims remain unchanged.
The analysis of controllable factors that create conditions for deviations in the logistics services has been studied with respect to the contribution of costs for the different operations to the total operational costs. These costs include both the costs for planning the logistics services and the costs related to the control of those services and compensations to customers related to claims and returns, replacement, or repeated implementation of the logistics operations. It is the author’s view that claims could be minimized by designing logistics services that are needed by the customer rather than services that the organization is capable to provide. A number of studies have come to the conclusion that the prevention of claims is more efficient than covering the costs once a claim has been filed and, respectively, could result in greater customer satisfaction [43, 44, 45, 46, 47].
Based on the data collected, Taguchi’s model has been created, where the ratio LS means (Signal-to-Noise ratios) has been calculated. It defines the ratio between the mean value of the share of each cost from the total costs and the standard deviation. The variability of the analyzed indicators considered significant by the experts for the provision of a conforming service, defined by their standard deviation from the average value, is presented in Figure 2.
Signal-to-noise ratios.
The results presented in Figure 2 show that prevention costs have been evaluated as the most significant factor with positive impact, followed by the positive impact of the costs for control. The influence of the increase in the costs for nonconforming logistics services has been assessed as negative. The multiple criteria used by the logistics operators for calculation of the services are related to the satisfaction with their expected quality and are hard to quantify. The studies performed so far show that investing in the design of services has a significantly more positive impact on the expected quality than investment in a higher level of control on the performance of those services (the prevention costs and the costs for control are equally increased by 50 units).
Taguchi’s approach thus requires seeking an appropriate solution for reducing the variations applied to the expected quality of the logistics operations and provides an opportunity to find results for lower deviation from the target function. The model these decisions can be based on, so that the variations in the logistics services are lower than expected, is presented in Table 4.
Source | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 39.184 | 0.136 | 287.649 | 38.805 | 39.562 | |
Prevention costs-450 | −1.317 | 0.136 | −9.666 | −1.695 | −0.939 | |
Prevention costs-500 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||||
Evaluation and control costs-200 | −0.402 | 0.136 | −2.952 | −0.780 | −0.024 | |
Evaluation and control costs-250 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||||
Cost of nonconformities-50 | 0.775 | 0.136 | 5.690 | 0.397 | 1.153 | |
Cost of nonconformities-100 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Model parameters (standard deviations).
The studied factors are statistically significant (at 0.05), which allows an optimum ratio to be set between the studied costs so that the deviation from the target function is as low as possible. Table 4 equally shows the statistical significance of each type of costs and their contribution to the achievement of an optimum combination of those costs. According to the feedback provided by the questionnaires, the most important factor in quality management is cost prevention because the absolute value of this factor is the highest. It can be stated that the prevention costs and the costs for control on the processes in the specific case that was studied were increased by the same number of units; however, the prevention costs demonstrated a much higher effect on the target function.
These results are confirmed by the main effects graphs in Figure 3.
LS means (means prevention costs, control costs, cost of nonconformities).
Logistics organizations should invest in operations for the prevention of nonconformities in order to decrease the variability in the target function, even if the causes of the variations are not eliminated.
It has been practically demonstrated that the costs for eliminating the variation in the target function are very high. A more feasible and practical solution is to just change the structure of the costs or to control the factors that are more significant and have a greater impact on the target function. This can be achieved without increasing the total expenses or with a minimum increase resulting just from the redistribution of costs in the proper direction. Furthermore, the overheads that do not have a positive impact on the variations in the target function could be decreased and thus invested properly, in areas where their impact could be more favorable. This is what the application of Taguchi’s method on the structure of quality management costs in logistics allows the user to do – to calculate the contribution of the three cost groups in order to achieve an optimum effect in the target function.
During the study, the change in the structure of quality management costs was analyzed based on the significant factors for achieving customer satisfaction defined by the experts. Data from the expenses incurred by the logistics company operating in the food sector were analyzed, which were divided into three groups of costs and described in the methodology. The road to improvement was found to be associated with the following:
cost reduction for nonconforming services after delivery,
keeping a relatively stable level of the expenditures for control and,
to distribute the highest share of expenses for prevention by investing in the improvement of the processes for designing conforming logistics services.
Based on the analyses, it was concluded that even a change in the cost structure could contribute to a higher level of customer satisfaction with the studied logistics services in the food sector. Reducing the variation around the target function could not only contribute to higher customer satisfaction; moreover, it could reduce the overheads for nonconformities after delivery which are caused in particular by such a variation. Indeed, higher customer satisfaction could be achieved, if there is less variation with respect to the service wanted by the customer and delivered on time.
First, I would like to thank my children, without whose support I would not have been able to realize this idea.
I also thank all the logistics companies and logistics managers who participated in the survey and shared their experiences.
The author declares no conflict of interest.
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\\n\\nKompanija, tvrtka, mi, naše odnosi se na tvrtku IntechOpen;
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\\n\\nSve odredbe koje se odnose na ponudu, prihvat ili razmatranje plaćanja, a za koja mi pružamo asistenciju klijentu, bilo na ugovoreni ili fiksni način, a s ciljem da se ostvare potrebe i želje klijenta u svezi s našim uslugama, su podložne zakonskim odredbama Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva.
\\n\\nOsim ako nije suprotno navedeno, IntechOpen i/ili svi davatelji licence vlasnici su intelektualnog vlasništva nad svim materijalima na www.intechopen.com. Sva prava intelektualnog vlasništva su pridržana. Stranice sa www.intechopen.com možete gledati, preuzimati, dijeliti, dijeliti poveznice i printati za osobnu uporabu, a temeljem pravila sadržanih u ovim Odredbama i uvjetima.
\\n\\nMi koristimo kolačiće. Korištenjem IntechOpenove stranice slažete se s korištenjem kolačića u skladu s IntechOpenovom Politikom privatnosti. Većina modernih, interaktivnih stranica koristi kolačiće kako bi omogućila ponovno pronalaženje korisničkih detalja kod svakog posjeta. Na našoj stranici kolačići se uglavnom koriste kako bi omogućili funkcionalnost i olakšali posjetiteljima korištenje stranice.
\\n\\nIntechOpen ili njegovi suradnici niti u jednom slučaju neće biti odgovorni za štete (štete uključuju gubitak podataka ili profita, druge poslovne prekide, te sve ostale štete) koje nastanu zbog korištenja materijala na IntechOpenovoj stranici ili nemogućnosti da se iste koriste, čak i ako je IntechOpen ili njegov predstavnik o takvoj šteti obaviješten pismenim ili usmenim putem. Neke jurisdikcije ne dozvoljavaju ograničenja garancija ili ograničenja obveza za posljedične ili slučajne štete pa se u tom slučaju ova ograničenja možda ne odnose na vas.
\\n\\nMaterijali koji se pojavljuju na IntechOpenovoj stranici mogu sadržavati manje greške, tipfelere ili fotografske greške. IntechOpen može napraviti promjene na bilo kojem materijalu koji se nalazi na stranici u bilo koje vrijeme.
\\n\\nIntechOpen nije formalno povezan niti s jednom vanjskom stranicom čije poveznice vode na www.intechopen.com, osim ako to nije izravno navedeno. Iz tog razloga IntechOpen nije odgovoran za sadržaj koji se pojavljuje na takvim stranicama. Poveznica na IntechOpenovu stranicu ne implicira povezanost sa IntechOpenom. Korištenje takvih poveznica isključiva je odgovornost korisnika.
\\n\\nZadržavamo pravo vlasništva nad cjelokupnom stranicom www.intechopen.com i nad svim materijalom na toj stranici. Koristeći se našim uslugama, slažete se da maknete sve poveznice na našu stranicu odmah nakon što to od vas zatražimo. Također, zadržavamo pravo da ove Odredbe i uvjete, i politiku o poveznicama izmjenimo u bilo koje vrijeme. Koristeći se poveznicama na naše stranice slažete se s ovim Odredbama i uvjetima.
\\n\\nAko smatrate da je bilo koja poveznica na našoj stranici sumnjiva iz bilo kojeg razloga, molimo vas da nas kontaktirate. U tom slučaju razmotrit ćemo micanje poveznice s naše stranice, iako nismo obvezni to napraviti.
\\n\\nBez prethodne privole i izričite pisane dozvole, ne možete stvarati okvire oko naših stranica ili koristiti druge tehnike koje na bilo koji način mogu promijeniti prezentaciju ili izgled naše stranice.
\\n\\nIntechOpen može ove Odredbe izmijeniti u bilo koje vrijeme i bez prethodne obavijesti. Koristeći ovu stranicu vi se slažete s trenutnim Odredbama i uvjetima koje su na snazi.
\\n\\nOve Odredbe i uvjeti su sastavljeni u skladu s odredbama prava Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva, a za sve sporove nadležan je sud u Londonu, Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo.
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:"Pristupom na stranicu www.intechopen.com slažete se s ovim odredbama, sa svim primjenjivim zakonskim odredbama, te se slažete s poštovanjem svih lokalnih zakona. Korištenje i/ili pristup ovoj stranici temelji se na potpunom prihvaćanju ovih odredbi. Svi materijali na ovoj stranici zaštićeni su primjenjivim zakonima o autorskim pravima i žigu.
\n\nSljedeća terminologija odnosi se na Odredbe i uvjete, te na sve naše ugovore:
\n\nKlijent, stranka, vi, vaš odnosi se na vas, osobu koja pristupa ovoj stranici i prihvaća IntechOpenove Odredbe i uvjete;
\n\nKompanija, tvrtka, mi, naše odnosi se na tvrtku IntechOpen;
\n\nStranke, strane odnosi se na klijenta i na nas, ili samo na klijenta ili nas.
\n\nSve odredbe koje se odnose na ponudu, prihvat ili razmatranje plaćanja, a za koja mi pružamo asistenciju klijentu, bilo na ugovoreni ili fiksni način, a s ciljem da se ostvare potrebe i želje klijenta u svezi s našim uslugama, su podložne zakonskim odredbama Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva.
\n\nOsim ako nije suprotno navedeno, IntechOpen i/ili svi davatelji licence vlasnici su intelektualnog vlasništva nad svim materijalima na www.intechopen.com. Sva prava intelektualnog vlasništva su pridržana. Stranice sa www.intechopen.com možete gledati, preuzimati, dijeliti, dijeliti poveznice i printati za osobnu uporabu, a temeljem pravila sadržanih u ovim Odredbama i uvjetima.
\n\nMi koristimo kolačiće. Korištenjem IntechOpenove stranice slažete se s korištenjem kolačića u skladu s IntechOpenovom Politikom privatnosti. Većina modernih, interaktivnih stranica koristi kolačiće kako bi omogućila ponovno pronalaženje korisničkih detalja kod svakog posjeta. Na našoj stranici kolačići se uglavnom koriste kako bi omogućili funkcionalnost i olakšali posjetiteljima korištenje stranice.
\n\nIntechOpen ili njegovi suradnici niti u jednom slučaju neće biti odgovorni za štete (štete uključuju gubitak podataka ili profita, druge poslovne prekide, te sve ostale štete) koje nastanu zbog korištenja materijala na IntechOpenovoj stranici ili nemogućnosti da se iste koriste, čak i ako je IntechOpen ili njegov predstavnik o takvoj šteti obaviješten pismenim ili usmenim putem. Neke jurisdikcije ne dozvoljavaju ograničenja garancija ili ograničenja obveza za posljedične ili slučajne štete pa se u tom slučaju ova ograničenja možda ne odnose na vas.
\n\nMaterijali koji se pojavljuju na IntechOpenovoj stranici mogu sadržavati manje greške, tipfelere ili fotografske greške. IntechOpen može napraviti promjene na bilo kojem materijalu koji se nalazi na stranici u bilo koje vrijeme.
\n\nIntechOpen nije formalno povezan niti s jednom vanjskom stranicom čije poveznice vode na www.intechopen.com, osim ako to nije izravno navedeno. Iz tog razloga IntechOpen nije odgovoran za sadržaj koji se pojavljuje na takvim stranicama. Poveznica na IntechOpenovu stranicu ne implicira povezanost sa IntechOpenom. Korištenje takvih poveznica isključiva je odgovornost korisnika.
\n\nZadržavamo pravo vlasništva nad cjelokupnom stranicom www.intechopen.com i nad svim materijalom na toj stranici. Koristeći se našim uslugama, slažete se da maknete sve poveznice na našu stranicu odmah nakon što to od vas zatražimo. Također, zadržavamo pravo da ove Odredbe i uvjete, i politiku o poveznicama izmjenimo u bilo koje vrijeme. Koristeći se poveznicama na naše stranice slažete se s ovim Odredbama i uvjetima.
\n\nAko smatrate da je bilo koja poveznica na našoj stranici sumnjiva iz bilo kojeg razloga, molimo vas da nas kontaktirate. U tom slučaju razmotrit ćemo micanje poveznice s naše stranice, iako nismo obvezni to napraviti.
\n\nBez prethodne privole i izričite pisane dozvole, ne možete stvarati okvire oko naših stranica ili koristiti druge tehnike koje na bilo koji način mogu promijeniti prezentaciju ili izgled naše stranice.
\n\nIntechOpen može ove Odredbe izmijeniti u bilo koje vrijeme i bez prethodne obavijesti. Koristeći ovu stranicu vi se slažete s trenutnim Odredbama i uvjetima koje su na snazi.
\n\nOve Odredbe i uvjeti su sastavljeni u skladu s odredbama prava Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva, a za sve sporove nadležan je sud u Londonu, Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo.
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His studies in robotics lead him not only to a PhD degree but also inspired him to co-found and build the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems - world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"441",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Jaekyu",middleName:null,surname:"Park",slug:"jaekyu-park",fullName:"Jaekyu Park",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/441/images/1881_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"LG Corporation (South Korea)",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"465",title:"Dr.",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Martens",slug:"christian-martens",fullName:"Christian Martens",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Rheinmetall (Germany)",country:{name:"Germany"}}},{id:"479",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",middleName:null,surname:"Colla",slug:"valentina-colla",fullName:"Valentina Colla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/479/images/358_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies",country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"494",title:"PhD",name:"Loris",middleName:null,surname:"Nanni",slug:"loris-nanni",fullName:"Loris Nanni",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/494/images/system/494.jpg",biography:"Loris Nanni received his Master Degree cum laude on June-2002 from the University of Bologna, and the April 26th 2006 he received his Ph.D. in Computer Engineering at DEIS, University of Bologna. On September, 29th 2006 he has won a post PhD fellowship from the university of Bologna (from October 2006 to October 2008), at the competitive examination he was ranked first in the industrial engineering area. He extensively served as referee for several international journals. He is author/coauthor of more than 100 research papers. He has been involved in some projects supported by MURST and European Community. 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From 1985 to 1986, he was a Research Fellow in the Research Institute for Electronic Equipment, ZZU AD, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. In 1986, he joined the Department of Control Systems, Technical University of Sofia at the Plovdiv campus, where he is presently a Full Professor. He has held long-term visiting Professor/Scholar positions at various institutions in South Korea, Turkey, Mexico, Greece, Belgium, UK, and Germany. And he has coauthored one book and authored or coauthored more than 80 research papers in conference proceedings and journals. 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After finishing his P. hD degree in 1992, he served in the Industry as a Scientific Officer and continued his academic career as a visiting scholar for a number of educational institutions. In 1996 he joined National University of Science & Technology Pakistan (NUST) as an Associate Professor; NUST is one of the top few universities in Pakistan. In 1999 he joined an International Company Lineo Inc, Canada as Manager Compiler Group, where he headed the group for developing Compiler Tool Chain and Porting of Operating Systems for the BLACKfin processor. The processor development was a joint venture by Intel and Analog Devices. In 2002 Lineo Inc., was taken over by another company, so he joined Aalborg University Denmark as an Assistant Professor.\nProfessor Akbar has truly a multi-disciplined career and he continued his legacy and making progress in many areas of his interests both in teaching and research. 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Advancement in technology now ensures power storage and delivery from few seconds to days/months. But an effective management of the distributed energy resources and its storage systems is essential to ensure efficient operation and long service life. This chapter presents the issues faced in integrating renewables in DG and the growing necessity of energy storages. Types of energy storage systems (ESSs) and their applications have also been detailed. A brief literature study on energy management of ESSs in distributed microgrids has also been included. This is followed by a simple case study to illustrate the need and effect of management of ESSs in distributed systems.",book:{id:"5186",slug:"energy-management-of-distributed-generation-systems",title:"Energy Management of Distributed Generation Systems",fullTitle:"Energy Management of Distributed Generation Systems"},signatures:"Amjed Hina Fathima and Kaliannan Palanisamy",authors:[{id:"179143",title:"Dr.",name:"Hina",middleName:null,surname:"Fathima",slug:"hina-fathima",fullName:"Hina Fathima"},{id:"185245",title:"Dr.",name:"Kaliannan",middleName:null,surname:"Palanisamy",slug:"kaliannan-palanisamy",fullName:"Kaliannan Palanisamy"}]},{id:"50727",doi:"10.5772/63631",title:"Advanced Metering Infrastructure Based on Smart Meters in Smart Grid",slug:"advanced-metering-infrastructure-based-on-smart-meters-in-smart-grid",totalDownloads:4316,totalCrossrefCites:16,totalDimensionsCites:21,abstract:"Due to lack of situational awareness, automated analysis, poor visibility, and mechanical switches, today's electric power grid has been aging and ill‐suited to the demand for electricity, which has gradually increased, in the twenty‐first century. Besides, the global climate change and the greenhouse gas emissions on the Earth caused by the electricity industries, the growing population, one‐way communication, equipment failures, energy storage problems, the capacity limitations of electricity generation, decrease in fossil fuels, and resilience problems put more stress on the existing power grid. Consequently, the smart grid (SG) has emerged to address these challenges. To realize the SG, an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) based on smart meters is the most important key.",book:{id:"5119",slug:"smart-metering-technology-and-services-inspirations-for-energy-utilities",title:"Smart Metering Technology and Services",fullTitle:"Smart Metering Technology and Services - Inspirations for Energy Utilities"},signatures:"Trong Nghia Le, Wen‐Long Chin, Dang Khoa Truong and Tran Hiep\nNguyen",authors:[{id:"178015",title:"Dr.",name:"Trong Nghia",middleName:null,surname:"Le",slug:"trong-nghia-le",fullName:"Trong Nghia Le"},{id:"178169",title:"Prof.",name:"Wen-Long",middleName:null,surname:"Chin",slug:"wen-long-chin",fullName:"Wen-Long Chin"}]},{id:"29291",doi:"10.5772/31112",title:"Electrolyte and Solid-Electrolyte Interphase Layer in Lithium-Ion Batteries",slug:"electrolyte-and-solid-electrolyte-interphase-layer-in-lithium-ion-batteries",totalDownloads:8861,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:20,abstract:null,book:{id:"848",slug:"lithium-ion-batteries-new-developments",title:"Lithium Ion Batteries",fullTitle:"Lithium Ion Batteries - New Developments"},signatures:"Alexandre Chagnes and Jolanta Swiatowska",authors:[{id:"85632",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexandre",middleName:null,surname:"Chagnes",slug:"alexandre-chagnes",fullName:"Alexandre Chagnes"},{id:"88217",title:"Dr.",name:"Jolanta",middleName:null,surname:"Swiatowska",slug:"jolanta-swiatowska",fullName:"Jolanta Swiatowska"}]},{id:"14085",doi:"10.5772/14798",title:"Magnetic Reluctance Method for Dynamical Modeling of Squirrel Cage Induction Machines",slug:"magnetic-reluctance-method-for-dynamical-modeling-of-squirrel-cage-induction-machines",totalDownloads:5371,totalCrossrefCites:14,totalDimensionsCites:16,abstract:null,book:{id:"69",slug:"electric-machines-and-drives",title:"Electric Machines and Drives",fullTitle:"Electric Machines and Drives"},signatures:"Jalal Nazarzadeh and Vahid Naeini",authors:[{id:"18796",title:"Prof.",name:"Jalal",middleName:null,surname:"Nazarzadeh",slug:"jalal-nazarzadeh",fullName:"Jalal Nazarzadeh"},{id:"20586",title:"Prof.",name:"Vahid",middleName:null,surname:"Naeini",slug:"vahid-naeini",fullName:"Vahid Naeini"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"77871",title:"Protection of Microgrids",slug:"protection-of-microgrids",totalDownloads:301,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"The concept of microgrids goes back to the early years of the electricity industry although the systems then were not formally called microgrids. Today, two types of microgrids can be seen: independent and grid connected. The protection requirement of these two types differs as the protection needs of an independent microgrid are intended for protecting components and systems within the microgrid, whereas a grid connected microgrid demands both internal and external protection. The first part of this chapter is dedicated to independent microgrids. How protection devices such as residual current circuit breakers, miniature and moulded case circuit breakers, and surge protective devices should be selected for an example microgrid is discussed while referring to the relevant standards. In the next section, the protection of a grid connected microgrid is discussed. Particularly, micro-source protection, microgrid protection, loss of mains protection and fault ride-through requirements are discussed while referring to two commonly used distributed generator connection codes. 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They are the enabling technology for many applications of microgrids, e.g., renewable energy integration, transportation electrification, energy storage, and power supplies for computing. In this chapter, the requirements, functions, and operation of power electronic converters are introduced. Then, different topologies of the converters used in microgrids are discussed, including DC/DC converters, single-phase DC/AC converters, three-phase three-wire, and four-wire DC/AC converters. The remaining parts of this chapter focus on how to optimally design and control these converters with the emerging wide-bandgap semiconductors. 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This new technology can be used in various wireless power transfer applications with different specifications, necessities, and restrictions such as in electric vehicles and consumer electronics. A typical ICWPT system involves a loosely coupled magnetic coupling structure and power electronics circuitries as an integrated system. In this chapter, the emphasis is placed on the magnetic coupling structure, which is the most important part of the system. Although this technology has motivated considerable research and development in the past two decades, still there are several theoretical studies such as the level of the operating frequency, operating at high secondary circuit quality factor, coupling efficiency, etc., that need further investigation to fully develop the governing mathematical relationships of this technology.",book:{id:"5187",slug:"wireless-power-transfer-fundamentals-and-technologies",title:"Wireless Power Transfer",fullTitle:"Wireless Power Transfer - Fundamentals and Technologies"},signatures:"Ali Abdolkhani",authors:[{id:"179618",title:"Dr.",name:"Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Abdolkhani",slug:"ali-abdolkhani",fullName:"Ali Abdolkhani"}]},{id:"78626",title:"Electricity Storage in Local Energy Systems",slug:"electricity-storage-in-local-energy-systems",totalDownloads:221,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"Traditionally, power system operation has relied on supply side flexibility from large fossil-based generation plants to managed swings in supply and/or demand. An increase in variable renewable generation has increased curtailment of renewable electricity and variations in electricity prices. Consumers can take advantage of volatile electricity prices and reduce their bills using electricity storage. With reduced fossil-based power generation, traditional methods for balancing supply and demand must change. Electricity storage offers an alternative to fossil-based flexibility, with an increase expected to support high levels of renewable generation. Electrochemical storage is a promising technology for local energy systems. In particular, lithium-ion batteries due to their high energy density and high efficiency. However, despite their 89% decrease in capital cost over the last 10 years, lithium-ion batteries are still relatively expensive. Local energy systems with battery storage can use their battery for different purposes such as maximising their self-consumption, minimising their operating cost through energy arbitrage which is storing energy when the electricity price is low and releasing the energy when the price increases, and increasing their revenue by providing flexibility services to the utility grid. Power rating and energy capacity are vitally important in the design of an electricity storage system. A case study is given for the purpose of providing a repeatable methodology for optimally sizing of a battery storage system for a local energy system. 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He is a full professor of signal processing and pattern recognition and is head of the Signals and Communications Department at ULPGC, teaching from 2001 on subjects on signal processing and learning theory. His research lines are biometrics, biomedical signals and images, data mining, classification system, signal and image processing, machine learning, and environmental intelligence. He has researched in 52 international and Spanish research projects, some of them as head researcher. He is co-author of 4 books, co-editor of 27 proceedings books, guest editor for 8 JCR-ISI international journals, and up to 24 book chapters. He has over 450 papers published in international journals and conferences (81 of them indexed on JCR – ISI - Web of Science). He has published seven patents in the Spanish Patent and Trademark Office. He has been a supervisor on 8 Ph.D. theses (11 more are under supervision), and 130 master theses. He is the founder of The IEEE IWOBI conference series and the president of its Steering Committee, as well as the founder of both the InnoEducaTIC and APPIS conference series. He is an evaluator of project proposals for the European Union (H2020), Medical Research Council (MRC, UK), Spanish Government (ANECA, Spain), Research National Agency (ANR, France), DAAD (Germany), Argentinian Government, and the Colombian Institutions. He has been a reviewer in different indexed international journals (<70) and conferences (<250) since 2001. He has been a member of the IASTED Technical Committee on Image Processing from 2007 and a member of the IASTED Technical Committee on Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems from 2011. \n\nHe has held the general chair position for the following: ACM-APPIS (2020, 2021), IEEE-IWOBI (2019, 2020 and 2020), A PPIS (2018, 2019), IEEE-IWOBI (2014, 2015, 2017, 2018), InnoEducaTIC (2014, 2017), IEEE-INES (2013), NoLISP (2011), JRBP (2012), and IEEE-ICCST (2005)\n\nHe is an associate editor of the Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience Journal (Hindawi – Q2 JCR-ISI). He was vice dean from 2004 to 2010 in the Higher Technical School of Telecommunication Engineers at ULPGC and the vice dean of Graduate and Postgraduate Studies from March 2013 to November 2017. He won the “Catedra Telefonica” Awards in Modality of Knowledge Transfer, 2017, 2018, and 2019 editions, and awards in Modality of COVID Research in 2020.\n\nPublic References:\nResearcher ID http://www.researcherid.com/rid/N-5967-2014\nORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4621-2768 \nScopus Author ID https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6602376272\nScholar Google https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=G1ks9nIAAAAJ&hl=en \nResearchGate https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Carlos_Travieso",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"23",title:"Computational Neuroscience",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/23.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"14004",title:"Dr.",name:"Magnus",middleName:null,surname:"Johnsson",slug:"magnus-johnsson",fullName:"Magnus Johnsson",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/14004/images/system/14004.png",biography:"Dr Magnus Johnsson is a cross-disciplinary scientist, lecturer, scientific editor and AI/machine learning consultant from Sweden. \n\nHe is currently at Malmö University in Sweden, but also held positions at Lund University in Sweden and at Moscow Engineering Physics Institute. \nHe holds editorial positions at several international scientific journals and has served as a scientific editor for books and special journal issues. \nHis research interests are wide and include, but are not limited to, autonomous systems, computer modeling, artificial neural networks, artificial intelligence, cognitive neuroscience, cognitive robotics, cognitive architectures, cognitive aids and the philosophy of mind. \n\nDr. Johnsson has experience from working in the industry and he has a keen interest in the application of neural networks and artificial intelligence to fields like industry, finance, and medicine. \n\nWeb page: www.magnusjohnsson.se",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Malmö University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Sweden"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"24",title:"Computer Vision",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/24.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"294154",title:"Prof.",name:"George",middleName:null,surname:"Papakostas",slug:"george-papakostas",fullName:"George Papakostas",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002hYaGbQAK/Profile_Picture_1624519712088",biography:"George A. 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He has (co)authored more than 150 publications in indexed journals, international conferences and book chapters, 1 book (in Greek), 3 edited books, and 5 journal special issues. His publications have more than 2100 citations with h-index 27 (GoogleScholar). His research interests include computer/machine vision, machine learning, pattern recognition, computational intelligence. \nDr. Papakostas served as a reviewer in numerous journals, as a program\ncommittee member in international conferences and he is a member of the IAENG, MIR Labs, EUCogIII, INSTICC and the Technical Chamber of Greece (TEE).",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"International Hellenic University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Greece"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"25",title:"Evolutionary Computation",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/25.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"136112",title:"Dr.",name:"Sebastian",middleName:null,surname:"Ventura Soto",slug:"sebastian-ventura-soto",fullName:"Sebastian Ventura Soto",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/136112/images/system/136112.png",biography:"Sebastian Ventura is a Spanish researcher, a full professor with the Department of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis, University of Córdoba. 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In the last five years, he has published more than 60 papers in international journals indexed in the JCR (around 70% of them belonging to first quartile journals) and he has edited some Springer books “Supervised Descriptive Pattern Mining” (2018), “Multiple Instance Learning - Foundations and Algorithms” (2016), and “Pattern Mining with Evolutionary Algorithms” (2016). He has also been involved in more than 20 research projects supported by the Spanish and Andalusian governments and the European Union. He currently belongs to the editorial board of PeerJ Computer Science, Information Fusion and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence journals, being also associate editor of Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing and IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics. Finally, he is editor-in-chief of Progress in Artificial Intelligence. 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He is currently a principal researcher in data analytics and optimisation at TECNALIA (Spain), a visiting fellow at the Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM) and a part-time lecturer at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). His research interests gravitate on the use of descriptive, prescriptive and predictive algorithms for data mining and optimization in a diverse range of application fields such as Energy, Transport, Telecommunications, Health and Industry, among others. In these fields he has published more than 240 articles, co-supervised 8 Ph.D. theses, edited 6 books, coauthored 7 patents and participated/led more than 40 research projects. 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Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Technology has always been my aspiration and my life. As years passed I accumulated a tremendous amount of skills and knowledge in Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, Conventional Radiology, Radiation Protection, Bioinformatics Technology, PACS, Image processing, clinically and lecturing that will enable me to provide a valuable service to the community as a Researcher and Consultant in this field. My method of translating this into day to day in clinical practice is non-exhaustible and my habit of exchanging knowledge and expertise with others in those fields is the code and secret of success.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Majmaah University",country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}},{id:"313277",title:"Dr.",name:"Bartłomiej",middleName:null,surname:"Płaczek",slug:"bartlomiej-placzek",fullName:"Bartłomiej Płaczek",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/313277/images/system/313277.jpg",biography:"Bartłomiej Płaczek, MSc (2002), Ph.D. (2005), Habilitation (2016), is a professor at the University of Silesia, Institute of Computer Science, Poland, and an expert from the National Centre for Research and Development. His research interests include sensor networks, smart sensors, intelligent systems, and image processing with applications in healthcare and medicine. He is the author or co-author of more than seventy papers in peer-reviewed journals and conferences as well as the co-author of several books. He serves as a reviewer for many scientific journals, international conferences, and research foundations. Since 2010, Dr. Placzek has been a reviewer of grants and projects (including EU projects) in the field of information technologies.",institutionString:"University of Silesia",institution:{name:"University of Silesia",country:{name:"Poland"}}},{id:"35000",title:"Prof.",name:"Ulrich H.P",middleName:"H.P.",surname:"Fischer",slug:"ulrich-h.p-fischer",fullName:"Ulrich H.P Fischer",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/35000/images/3052_n.jpg",biography:"Academic and Professional Background\nUlrich H. P. has Diploma and PhD degrees in Physics from the Free University Berlin, Germany. He has been working on research positions in the Heinrich-Hertz-Institute in Germany. Several international research projects has been performed with European partners from France, Netherlands, Norway and the UK. He is currently Professor of Communications Systems at the Harz University of Applied Sciences, Germany.\n\nPublications and Publishing\nHe has edited one book, a special interest book about ‘Optoelectronic Packaging’ (VDE, Berlin, Germany), and has published over 100 papers and is owner of several international patents for WDM over POF key elements.\n\nKey Research and Consulting Interests\nUlrich’s research activity has always been related to Spectroscopy and Optical Communications Technology. Specific current interests include the validation of complex instruments, and the application of VR technology to the development and testing of measurement systems. He has been reviewer for several publications of the Optical Society of America\\'s including Photonics Technology Letters and Applied Optics.\n\nPersonal Interests\nThese include motor cycling in a very relaxed manner and performing martial arts.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Charité",country:{name:"Germany"}}},{id:"341622",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Eduardo",middleName:null,surname:"Rojas Alvarez",slug:"eduardo-rojas-alvarez",fullName:"Eduardo Rojas Alvarez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/341622/images/15892_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Cuenca",country:{name:"Ecuador"}}},{id:"215610",title:"Prof.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Sarfraz",slug:"muhammad-sarfraz",fullName:"Muhammad Sarfraz",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/215610/images/system/215610.jpeg",biography:"Muhammad Sarfraz is a professor in the Department of Information Science, Kuwait University. His research interests include computer graphics, computer vision, image processing, machine learning, pattern recognition, soft computing, data science, intelligent systems, information technology, and information systems. Prof. Sarfraz has been a keynote/invited speaker on various platforms around the globe. He has advised various students for their MSc and Ph.D. theses. He has published more than 400 publications as books, journal articles, and conference papers. He is a member of various professional societies and a chair and member of the International Advisory Committees and Organizing Committees of various international conferences. Prof. Sarfraz is also an editor-in-chief and editor of various international journals.",institutionString:"Kuwait University",institution:{name:"Kuwait University",country:{name:"Kuwait"}}},{id:"32650",title:"Prof.",name:"Lukas",middleName:"Willem",surname:"Snyman",slug:"lukas-snyman",fullName:"Lukas Snyman",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/32650/images/4136_n.jpg",biography:"Lukas Willem Snyman received his basic education at primary and high schools in South Africa, Eastern Cape. He enrolled at today's Nelson Metropolitan University and graduated from this university with a BSc in Physics and Mathematics, B.Sc Honors in Physics, MSc in Semiconductor Physics, and a Ph.D. in Semiconductor Physics in 1987. After his studies, he chose an academic career and devoted his energy to the teaching of physics to first, second, and third-year students. After positions as a lecturer at the University of Port Elizabeth, he accepted a position as Associate Professor at the University of Pretoria, South Africa.\r\n\r\nIn 1992, he motivates the concept of 'television and computer-based education” as means to reach large student numbers with only the best of teaching expertise and publishes an article on the concept in the SA Journal of Higher Education of 1993 (and later in 2003). The University of Pretoria subsequently approved a series of test projects on the concept with outreach to Mamelodi and Eerste Rust in 1993. In 1994, the University established a 'Unit for Telematic Education ' as a support section for multiple faculties at the University of Pretoria. In subsequent years, the concept of 'telematic education” subsequently becomes well established in academic circles in South Africa, grew in popularity, and is adopted by many universities and colleges throughout South Africa as a medium of enhancing education and training, as a method to reaching out to far out communities, and as a means to enhance study from the home environment.\r\n\r\nProfessor Snyman in subsequent years pursued research in semiconductor physics, semiconductor devices, microelectronics, and optoelectronics.\r\n\r\nIn 2000 he joined the TUT as a full professor. Here served for a period as head of the Department of Electronic Engineering. Here he makes contributions to solar energy development, microwave and optoelectronic device development, silicon photonics, as well as contributions to new mobile telecommunication systems and network planning in SA.\r\n\r\nCurrently, he teaches electronics and telecommunications at the TUT to audiences ranging from first-year students to Ph.D. level.\r\n\r\nFor his research in the field of 'Silicon Photonics” since 1990, he has published (as author and co-author) about thirty internationally reviewed articles in scientific journals, contributed to more than forty international conferences, about 25 South African provisional patents (as inventor and co-inventor), 8 PCT international patent applications until now. Of these, two USA patents applications, two European Patents, two Korean patents, and ten SA patents have been granted. A further 4 USA patents, 5 European patents, 3 Korean patents, 3 Chinese patents, and 3 Japanese patents are currently under consideration.\r\n\r\nRecently he has also published an extensive scholarly chapter in an internet open access book on 'Integrating Microphotonic Systems and MOEMS into standard Silicon CMOS Integrated circuitry”.\r\n\r\nFurthermore, Professor Snyman recently steered a new initiative at the TUT by introducing a 'Laboratory for Innovative Electronic Systems ' at the Department of Electrical Engineering. The model of this laboratory or center is to primarily combine outputs as achieved by high-level research with lower-level system development and entrepreneurship in a technical university environment. Students are allocated to projects at different levels with PhDs and Master students allocated to the generation of new knowledge and new technologies, while students at the diploma and Baccalaureus level are allocated to electronic systems development with a direct and a near application for application in industry or the commercial and public sectors in South Africa.\r\n\r\nProfessor Snyman received the WIRSAM Award of 1983 and the WIRSAM Award in 1985 in South Africa for best research papers by a young scientist at two international conferences on electron microscopy in South Africa. He subsequently received the SA Microelectronics Award for the best dissertation emanating from studies executed at a South African university in the field of Physics and Microelectronics in South Africa in 1987. In October of 2011, Professor Snyman received the prestigious Institutional Award for 'Innovator of the Year” for 2010 at the Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa. This award was based on the number of patents recognized and granted by local and international institutions as well as for his contributions concerning innovation at the TUT.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of South Africa",country:{name:"South Africa"}}},{id:"317279",title:"Mr.",name:"Ali",middleName:"Usama",surname:"Syed",slug:"ali-syed",fullName:"Ali Syed",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/317279/images/16024_n.png",biography:"A creative, talented, and innovative young professional who is dedicated, well organized, and capable research fellow with two years of experience in graduate-level research, published in engineering journals and book, with related expertise in Bio-robotics, equally passionate about the aesthetics of the mechanical and electronic system, obtained expertise in the use of MS Office, MATLAB, SolidWorks, LabVIEW, Proteus, Fusion 360, having a grasp on python, C++ and assembly language, possess proven ability in acquiring research grants, previous appointments with social and educational societies with experience in administration, current affiliations with IEEE and Web of Science, a confident presenter at conferences and teacher in classrooms, able to explain complex information to audiences of all levels.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Air University",country:{name:"Pakistan"}}},{id:"75526",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Zihni Onur",middleName:null,surname:"Uygun",slug:"zihni-onur-uygun",fullName:"Zihni Onur Uygun",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/75526/images/12_n.jpg",biography:"My undergraduate education and my Master of Science educations at Ege University and at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University have given me a firm foundation in Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Biosensors, Bioelectronics, Physical Chemistry and Medicine. After obtaining my degree as a MSc in analytical chemistry, I started working as a research assistant in Ege University Medical Faculty in 2014. In parallel, I enrolled to the MSc program at the Department of Medical Biochemistry at Ege University to gain deeper knowledge on medical and biochemical sciences as well as clinical chemistry in 2014. In my PhD I deeply researched on biosensors and bioelectronics and finished in 2020. Now I have eleven SCI-Expanded Index published papers, 6 international book chapters, referee assignments for different SCIE journals, one international patent pending, several international awards, projects and bursaries. In parallel to my research assistant position at Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry, in April 2016, I also founded a Start-Up Company (Denosens Biotechnology LTD) by the support of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey. Currently, I am also working as a CEO in Denosens Biotechnology. The main purposes of the company, which carries out R&D as a research center, are to develop new generation biosensors and sensors for both point-of-care diagnostics; such as glucose, lactate, cholesterol and cancer biomarker detections. My specific experimental and instrumental skills are Biochemistry, Biosensor, Analytical Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Mobile phone based point-of-care diagnostic device, POCTs and Patient interface designs, HPLC, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Spectrophotometry, ELISA.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ege University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"267434",title:"Dr.",name:"Rohit",middleName:null,surname:"Raja",slug:"rohit-raja",fullName:"Rohit Raja",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/267434/images/system/267434.jpg",biography:"Dr. Rohit Raja received Ph.D. in Computer Science and Engineering from Dr. CVRAMAN University in 2016. His main research interest includes Face recognition and Identification, Digital Image Processing, Signal Processing, and Networking. Presently he is working as Associate Professor in IT Department, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur (CG), India. He has authored several Journal and Conference Papers. He has good Academics & Research experience in various areas of CSE and IT. He has filed and successfully published 27 Patents. He has received many time invitations to be a Guest at IEEE Conferences. He has published 100 research papers in various International/National Journals (including IEEE, Springer, etc.) and Proceedings of the reputed International/ National Conferences (including Springer and IEEE). He has been nominated to the board of editors/reviewers of many peer-reviewed and refereed Journals (including IEEE, Springer).",institutionString:"Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya",institution:{name:"Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"246502",title:"Dr.",name:"Jaya T.",middleName:"T",surname:"Varkey",slug:"jaya-t.-varkey",fullName:"Jaya T. Varkey",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/246502/images/11160_n.jpg",biography:"Jaya T. Varkey, PhD, graduated with a degree in Chemistry from Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala, India. She obtained a PhD in Chemistry from the School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India, and completed a post-doctoral fellowship at the University of Minnesota, USA. She is a research guide at Mahatma Gandhi University and Associate Professor in Chemistry, St. Teresa’s College, Kochi, Kerala, India.\nDr. Varkey received a National Young Scientist award from the Indian Science Congress (1995), a UGC Research award (2016–2018), an Indian National Science Academy (INSA) Visiting Scientist award (2018–2019), and a Best Innovative Faculty award from the All India Association for Christian Higher Education (AIACHE) (2019). She Hashas received the Sr. Mary Cecil prize for best research paper three times. She was also awarded a start-up to develop a tea bag water filter. \nDr. Varkey has published two international books and twenty-seven international journal publications. She is an editorial board member for five international journals.",institutionString:"St. Teresa’s College",institution:null},{id:"250668",title:"Dr.",name:"Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Nabipour Chakoli",slug:"ali-nabipour-chakoli",fullName:"Ali Nabipour Chakoli",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/250668/images/system/250668.jpg",biography:"Academic Qualification:\r\n•\tPhD in Materials Physics and Chemistry, From: Sep. 2006, to: Sep. 2010, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Thesis: Structure and Shape Memory Effect of Functionalized MWCNTs/poly (L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) Nanocomposites. Supervisor: Prof. Wei Cai,\r\n•\tM.Sc in Applied Physics, From: 1996, to: 1998, Faculty of Physics & Nuclear Science, Amirkabir Uni. of Technology, Tehran, Iran, Thesis: Determination of Boron in Micro alloy Steels with solid state nuclear track detectors by neutron induced auto radiography, Supervisors: Dr. M. Hosseini Ashrafi and Dr. A. Hosseini.\r\n•\tB.Sc. in Applied Physics, From: 1991, to: 1996, Faculty of Physics & Nuclear Science, Amirkabir Uni. of Technology, Tehran, Iran, Thesis: Design of shielding for Am-Be neutron sources for In Vivo neutron activation analysis, Supervisor: Dr. M. Hosseini Ashrafi.\r\n\r\nResearch Experiences:\r\n1.\tNanomaterials, Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene: Synthesis, Functionalization and Characterization,\r\n2.\tMWCNTs/Polymer Composites: Fabrication and Characterization, \r\n3.\tShape Memory Polymers, Biodegradable Polymers, ORC, Collagen,\r\n4.\tMaterials Analysis and Characterizations: TEM, SEM, XPS, FT-IR, Raman, DSC, DMA, TGA, XRD, GPC, Fluoroscopy, \r\n5.\tInteraction of Radiation with Mater, Nuclear Safety and Security, NDT(RT),\r\n6.\tRadiation Detectors, Calibration (SSDL),\r\n7.\tCompleted IAEA e-learning Courses:\r\nNuclear Security (15 Modules),\r\nNuclear Safety:\r\nTSA 2: Regulatory Protection in Occupational Exposure,\r\nTips & Tricks: Radiation Protection in Radiography,\r\nSafety and Quality in Radiotherapy,\r\nCourse on Sealed Radioactive Sources,\r\nCourse on Fundamentals of Environmental Remediation,\r\nCourse on Planning for Environmental Remediation,\r\nKnowledge Management Orientation Course,\r\nFood Irradiation - Technology, Applications and Good Practices,\r\nEmployment:\r\nFrom 2010 to now: Academic staff, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Kargar Shomali, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box: 14395-836.\r\nFrom 1997 to 2006: Expert of Materials Analysis and Characterization. Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine. Rajaeeshahr, Karaj, Iran, P. O. Box: 31585-498.",institutionString:"Atomic Energy Organization of Iran",institution:{name:"Atomic Energy Organization of Iran",country:{name:"Iran"}}},{id:"248279",title:"Dr.",name:"Monika",middleName:"Elzbieta",surname:"Machoy",slug:"monika-machoy",fullName:"Monika Machoy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/248279/images/system/248279.jpeg",biography:"Monika Elżbieta Machoy, MD, graduated with distinction from the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry at the Pomeranian Medical University in 2009, defended her PhD thesis with summa cum laude in 2016 and is currently employed as a researcher at the Department of Orthodontics of the Pomeranian Medical University. She expanded her professional knowledge during a one-year scholarship program at the Ernst Moritz Arndt University in Greifswald, Germany and during a three-year internship at the Technical University in Dresden, Germany. She has been a speaker at numerous orthodontic conferences, among others, American Association of Orthodontics, European Orthodontic Symposium and numerous conferences of the Polish Orthodontic Society. She conducts research focusing on the effect of orthodontic treatment on dental and periodontal tissues and the causes of pain in orthodontic patients.",institutionString:"Pomeranian Medical University",institution:{name:"Pomeranian Medical University",country:{name:"Poland"}}},{id:"252743",title:"Prof.",name:"Aswini",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Kar",slug:"aswini-kar",fullName:"Aswini Kar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/252743/images/10381_n.jpg",biography:"uploaded in cv",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"KIIT University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"204256",title:"Dr.",name:"Anil",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Kumar Sahu",slug:"anil-kumar-sahu",fullName:"Anil Kumar Sahu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/204256/images/14201_n.jpg",biography:"I have nearly 11 years of research and teaching experience. I have done my master degree from University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India. I have published 16 review and research articles in international and national journals and published 4 chapters in IntechOpen, the world’s leading publisher of Open access books. I have presented many papers at national and international conferences. I have received research award from Indian Drug Manufacturers Association in year 2015. My research interest extends from novel lymphatic drug delivery systems, oral delivery system for herbal bioactive to formulation optimization.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"253468",title:"Dr.",name:"Mariusz",middleName:null,surname:"Marzec",slug:"mariusz-marzec",fullName:"Mariusz Marzec",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/253468/images/system/253468.png",biography:"An assistant professor at Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, at Institute of Computer Science, Silesian University in Katowice. Scientific interests: computer analysis and processing of images, biomedical images, databases and programming languages. He is an author and co-author of scientific publications covering analysis and processing of biomedical images and development of database systems.",institutionString:"University of Silesia",institution:{name:"University of Silesia",country:{name:"Poland"}}},{id:"212432",title:"Prof.",name:"Hadi",middleName:null,surname:"Mohammadi",slug:"hadi-mohammadi",fullName:"Hadi Mohammadi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/212432/images/system/212432.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Hadi Mohammadi is a biomedical engineer with hands-on experience in the design and development of many engineering structures and medical devices through various projects that he has been involved in over the past twenty years. Dr. Mohammadi received his BSc. and MSc. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, and his PhD. degree in Biomedical Engineering (biomaterials) from the University of Western Ontario. He was a postdoctoral trainee for almost four years at University of Calgary and Harvard Medical School. He is an industry innovator having created the technology to produce lifelike synthetic platforms that can be used for the simulation of almost all cardiovascular reconstructive surgeries. He’s been heavily involved in the design and development of cardiovascular devices and technology for the past 10 years. He is currently an Assistant Professor with the University of British Colombia, Canada.",institutionString:"University of British Columbia",institution:{name:"University of British Columbia",country:{name:"Canada"}}},{id:"254463",title:"Prof.",name:"Haisheng",middleName:null,surname:"Yang",slug:"haisheng-yang",fullName:"Haisheng Yang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/254463/images/system/254463.jpeg",biography:"Haisheng Yang, Ph.D., Professor and Director of the Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology. He received his Ph.D. degree in Mechanics/Biomechanics from Harbin Institute of Technology (jointly with University of California, Berkeley). Afterwards, he worked as a Postdoctoral Research Associate in the Purdue Musculoskeletal Biology and Mechanics Lab at the Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, USA. He also conducted research in the Research Centre of Shriners Hospitals for Children-Canada at McGill University, Canada. Dr. Yang has over 10 years research experience in orthopaedic biomechanics and mechanobiology of bone adaptation and regeneration. He earned an award from Beijing Overseas Talents Aggregation program in 2017 and serves as Beijing Distinguished Professor.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Beijing University of Technology",country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"89721",title:"Dr.",name:"Mehmet",middleName:"Cuneyt",surname:"Ozmen",slug:"mehmet-ozmen",fullName:"Mehmet Ozmen",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/89721/images/7289_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Gazi University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"265335",title:"Mr.",name:"Stefan",middleName:"Radnev",surname:"Stefanov",slug:"stefan-stefanov",fullName:"Stefan Stefanov",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/265335/images/7562_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Medical University Plovdiv",country:{name:"Bulgaria"}}},{id:"242893",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Joaquim",middleName:null,surname:"De Moura",slug:"joaquim-de-moura",fullName:"Joaquim De Moura",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/242893/images/7133_n.jpg",biography:"Joaquim de Moura received his degree in Computer Engineering in 2014 from the University of A Coruña (Spain). In 2016, he received his M.Sc degree in Computer Engineering from the same university. He is currently pursuing his Ph.D degree in Computer Science in a collaborative project between ophthalmology centers in Galicia and the University of A Coruña. His research interests include computer vision, machine learning algorithms and analysis and medical imaging processing of various kinds.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of A Coruña",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"294334",title:"B.Sc.",name:"Marc",middleName:null,surname:"Bruggeman",slug:"marc-bruggeman",fullName:"Marc Bruggeman",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/294334/images/8242_n.jpg",biography:"Chemical engineer graduate, with a passion for material science and specific interest in polymers - their near infinite applications intrigue me. \n\nI plan to continue my scientific career in the field of polymeric biomaterials as I am fascinated by intelligent, bioactive and biomimetic materials for use in both consumer and medical applications.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"255757",title:"Dr.",name:"Igor",middleName:"Victorovich",surname:"Lakhno",slug:"igor-lakhno",fullName:"Igor Lakhno",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/255757/images/system/255757.jpg",biography:"Igor Victorovich Lakhno was born in 1971 in Kharkiv (Ukraine). \nMD – 1994, Kharkiv National Medical Univesity.\nOb&Gyn; – 1997, master courses in Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education.\nPh.D. – 1999, Kharkiv National Medical Univesity.\nDSC – 2019, PL Shupik National Academy of Postgraduate Education \nProfessor – 2021, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of VN Karazin Kharkiv National University\nHead of Department – 2021, Department of Perinatology, Obstetrics and gynecology of Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education\nIgor Lakhno has been graduated from international training courses on reproductive medicine and family planning held at Debrecen University (Hungary) in 1997. Since 1998 Lakhno Igor has worked as an associate professor in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of VN Karazin National University and an associate professor of the perinatology, obstetrics, and gynecology department of Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education. Since June 2019 he’s been a professor in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of VN Karazin National University and a professor of the perinatology, obstetrics, and gynecology department. He’s affiliated with Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education as a Head of Department from November 2021. Igor Lakhno has participated in several international projects on fetal non-invasive electrocardiography (with Dr. J. A. Behar (Technion), Prof. D. Hoyer (Jena University), and José Alejandro Díaz Méndez (National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics, and Electronics, Mexico). He’s an author of about 200 printed works and there are 31 of them in Scopus or Web of Science databases. Igor Lakhno is a member of the Editorial Board of Reproductive Health of Woman, Emergency Medicine, and Technology Transfer Innovative Solutions in Medicine (Estonia). He is a medical Editor of “Z turbotoyu pro zhinku”. Igor Lakhno is a reviewer of the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Taylor and Francis), British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Wiley), Informatics in Medicine Unlocked (Elsevier), The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research (Wiley), Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets (Bentham Open), The Open Biomedical Engineering Journal (Bentham Open), etc. He’s defended a dissertation for a DSc degree “Pre-eclampsia: prediction, prevention, and treatment”. Three years ago Igor Lakhno has participated in a training course on innovative technologies in medical education at Lublin Medical University (Poland). Lakhno Igor has participated as a speaker in several international conferences and congresses (International Conference on Biological Oscillations April 10th-14th 2016, Lancaster, UK, The 9th conference of the European Study Group on Cardiovascular Oscillations). His main scientific interests: are obstetrics, women’s health, fetal medicine, and cardiovascular medicine. \nIgor Lakhno is a consultant at Kharkiv municipal perinatal center. He’s graduated from training courses on endoscopy in gynecology. He has 28 years of practical experience in the field.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"244950",title:"Dr.",name:"Salvatore",middleName:null,surname:"Di Lauro",slug:"salvatore-di-lauro",fullName:"Salvatore Di Lauro",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://intech-files.s3.amazonaws.com/0030O00002bSF1HQAW/ProfilePicture%202021-12-20%2014%3A54%3A14.482",biography:"Name:\n\tSALVATORE DI LAURO\nAddress:\n\tHospital Clínico Universitario Valladolid\nAvda Ramón y Cajal 3\n47005, Valladolid\nSpain\nPhone number: \nFax\nE-mail:\n\t+34 983420000 ext 292\n+34 983420084\nsadilauro@live.it\nDate and place of Birth:\nID Number\nMedical Licence \nLanguages\t09-05-1985. Villaricca (Italy)\n\nY1281863H\n474707061\nItalian (native language)\nSpanish (read, written, spoken)\nEnglish (read, written, spoken)\nPortuguese (read, spoken)\nFrench (read)\n\t\t\nCurrent position (title and company)\tDate (Year)\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid. Sacyl. National Health System.\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Instituto Oftalmologico Recoletas. Red Hospitalaria Recoletas. Private practise.\t2017-today\n\n2019-today\n\t\n\t\nEducation (High school, university and postgraduate training > 3 months)\tDate (Year)\nDegree in Medicine and Surgery. University of Neaples 'Federico II”\nResident in Opthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid\nMaster in Vitreo-Retina. IOBA. University of Valladolid\nFellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology. Paris\nMaster in Research in Ophthalmology. University of Valladolid\t2003-2009\n2012-2016\n2016-2017\n2016\n2012-2013\n\t\nEmployments (company and positions)\tDate (Year)\nResident in Ophthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid. Sacyl.\nFellow in Vitreo-Retina. IOBA. University of Valladolid\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid. Sacyl. National Health System.\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Instituto Oftalmologico Recoletas. Red Hospitalaria Recoletas. \n\t2012-2016\n2016-2017\n2017-today\n\n2019-Today\n\n\n\t\nClinical Research Experience (tasks and role)\tDate (Year)\nAssociated investigator\n\n' FIS PI20/00740: DESARROLLO DE UNA CALCULADORA DE RIESGO DE\nAPARICION DE RETINOPATIA DIABETICA BASADA EN TECNICAS DE IMAGEN MULTIMODAL EN PACIENTES DIABETICOS TIPO 1. Grant by: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion \n\n' (BIO/VA23/14) Estudio clínico multicéntrico y prospectivo para validar dos\nbiomarcadores ubicados en los genes p53 y MDM2 en la predicción de los resultados funcionales de la cirugía del desprendimiento de retina regmatógeno. Grant by: Gerencia Regional de Salud de la Junta de Castilla y León.\n' Estudio multicéntrico, aleatorizado, con enmascaramiento doble, en 2 grupos\nparalelos y de 52 semanas de duración para comparar la eficacia, seguridad e inmunogenicidad de SOK583A1 respecto a Eylea® en pacientes con degeneración macular neovascular asociada a la edad' (CSOK583A12301; N.EUDRA: 2019-004838-41; FASE III). Grant by Hexal AG\n\n' Estudio de fase III, aleatorizado, doble ciego, con grupos paralelos, multicéntrico para comparar la eficacia y la seguridad de QL1205 frente a Lucentis® en pacientes con degeneración macular neovascular asociada a la edad. (EUDRACT: 2018-004486-13). Grant by Qilu Pharmaceutical Co\n\n' Estudio NEUTON: Ensayo clinico en fase IV para evaluar la eficacia de aflibercept en pacientes Naive con Edema MacUlar secundario a Oclusion de Vena CenTral de la Retina (OVCR) en regimen de tratamientO iNdividualizado Treat and Extend (TAE)”, (2014-000975-21). Grant by Fundacion Retinaplus\n\n' Evaluación de la seguridad y bioactividad de anillos de tensión capsular en conejo. Proyecto Procusens. Grant by AJL, S.A.\n\n'Estudio epidemiológico, prospectivo, multicéntrico y abierto\\npara valorar la frecuencia de la conjuntivitis adenovírica diagnosticada mediante el test AdenoPlus®\\nTest en pacientes enfermos de conjuntivitis aguda”\\n. National, multicenter study. Grant by: NICOX.\n\nEuropean multicentric trial: 'Evaluation of clinical outcomes following the use of Systane Hydration in patients with dry eye”. Study Phase 4. Grant by: Alcon Labs'\n\nVLPs Injection and Activation in a Rabbit Model of Uveal Melanoma. Grant by Aura Bioscience\n\nUpdating and characterization of a rabbit model of uveal melanoma. Grant by Aura Bioscience\n\nEnsayo clínico en fase IV para evaluar las variantes genéticas de la vía del VEGF como biomarcadores de eficacia del tratamiento con aflibercept en pacientes con degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE) neovascular. Estudio BIOIMAGE. IMO-AFLI-2013-01\n\nEstudio In-Eye:Ensayo clínico en fase IV, abierto, aleatorizado, de 2 brazos,\nmulticçentrico y de 12 meses de duración, para evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de un régimen de PRN flexible individualizado de 'esperar y extender' versus un régimen PRN según criterios de estabilización mediante evaluaciones mensuales de inyecciones intravítreas de ranibizumab 0,5 mg en pacientes naive con neovascularización coriodea secunaria a la degeneración macular relacionada con la edad. CP: CRFB002AES03T\n\nTREND: Estudio Fase IIIb multicéntrico, randomizado, de 12 meses de\nseguimiento con evaluador de la agudeza visual enmascarado, para evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de ranibizumab 0.5mg en un régimen de tratar y extender comparado con un régimen mensual, en pacientes con degeneración macular neovascular asociada a la edad. CP: CRFB002A2411 Código Eudra CT:\n2013-002626-23\n\n\n\nPublications\t\n\n2021\n\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n\n\n2021\n\n\n\n\n\n2021\n\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n2014\n\n\n\n\n2015-16\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n2014\n\n\n2014\n\n\n\n\n2014\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2014\n\nJose Carlos Pastor; Jimena Rojas; Salvador Pastor-Idoate; Salvatore Di Lauro; Lucia Gonzalez-Buendia; Santiago Delgado-Tirado. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: A new concept of disease pathogenesis and practical\nconsequences. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 51, pp. 125 - 155. 03/2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.07.005\n\n\nLabrador-Velandia S; Alonso-Alonso ML; Di Lauro S; García-Gutierrez MT; Srivastava GK; Pastor JC; Fernandez-Bueno I. Mesenchymal stem cells provide paracrine neuroprotective resources that delay degeneration of co-cultured organotypic neuroretinal cultures.Experimental Eye Research. 185, 17/05/2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.05.011\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro; Maria Teresa Garcia Gutierrez; Ivan Fernandez Bueno. Quantification of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in an ex vivo coculture of retinal pigment epithelium cells and neuroretina.\nJournal of Allbiosolution. 2019. ISSN 2605-3535\n\nSonia Labrador Velandia; Salvatore Di Lauro; Alonso-Alonso ML; Tabera Bartolomé S; Srivastava GK; Pastor JC; Fernandez-Bueno I. Biocompatibility of intravitreal injection of human mesenchymal stem cells in immunocompetent rabbits. Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology. 256 - 1, pp. 125 - 134. 01/2018. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3842-3\n\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro, David Rodriguez-Crespo, Manuel J Gayoso, Maria T Garcia-Gutierrez, J Carlos Pastor, Girish K Srivastava, Ivan Fernandez-Bueno. A novel coculture model of porcine central neuroretina explants and retinal pigment epithelium cells. Molecular Vision. 2016 - 22, pp. 243 - 253. 01/2016.\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro. Classifications for Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy ({PVR}): An Analysis of Their Use in Publications over the Last 15 Years. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2016, pp. 1 - 6. 01/2016. DOI: 10.1155/2016/7807596\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro; Rosa Maria Coco; Rosa Maria Sanabria; Enrique Rodriguez de la Rua; Jose Carlos Pastor. Loss of Visual Acuity after Successful Surgery for Macula-On Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in a Prospective Multicentre Study. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2015:821864, 2015. DOI: 10.1155/2015/821864\n\nIvan Fernandez-Bueno; Salvatore Di Lauro; Ivan Alvarez; Jose Carlos Lopez; Maria Teresa Garcia-Gutierrez; Itziar Fernandez; Eva Larra; Jose Carlos Pastor. Safety and Biocompatibility of a New High-Density Polyethylene-Based\nSpherical Integrated Porous Orbital Implant: An Experimental Study in Rabbits. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2015:904096, 2015. DOI: 10.1155/2015/904096\n\nPastor JC; Pastor-Idoate S; Rodríguez-Hernandez I; Rojas J; Fernandez I; Gonzalez-Buendia L; Di Lauro S; Gonzalez-Sarmiento R. Genetics of PVR and RD. Ophthalmologica. 232 - Suppl 1, pp. 28 - 29. 2014\n\nRodriguez-Crespo D; Di Lauro S; Singh AK; Garcia-Gutierrez MT; Garrosa M; Pastor JC; Fernandez-Bueno I; Srivastava GK. Triple-layered mixed co-culture model of RPE cells with neuroretina for evaluating the neuroprotective effects of adipose-MSCs. Cell Tissue Res. 358 - 3, pp. 705 - 716. 2014.\nDOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1987-5\n\nCarlo De Werra; Salvatore Condurro; Salvatore Tramontano; Mario Perone; Ivana Donzelli; Salvatore Di Lauro; Massimo Di Giuseppe; Rosa Di Micco; Annalisa Pascariello; Antonio Pastore; Giorgio Diamantis; Giuseppe Galloro. Hydatid disease of the liver: thirty years of surgical experience.Chirurgia italiana. 59 - 5, pp. 611 - 636.\n(Italia): 2007. ISSN 0009-4773\n\nChapters in books\n\t\n' Salvador Pastor Idoate; Salvatore Di Lauro; Jose Carlos Pastor Jimeno. PVR: Pathogenesis, Histopathology and Classification. Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy with Small Gauge Vitrectomy. Springer, 2018. ISBN 978-3-319-78445-8\nDOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78446-5_2. \n\n' Salvatore Di Lauro; Maria Isabel Lopez Galvez. Quistes vítreos en una mujer joven. Problemas diagnósticos en patología retinocoroidea. Sociedad Española de Retina-Vitreo. 2018.\n\n' Salvatore Di Lauro; Salvador Pastor Idoate; Jose Carlos Pastor Jimeno. iOCT in PVR management. OCT Applications in Opthalmology. pp. 1 - 8. INTECH, 2018. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.78774.\n\n' Rosa Coco Martin; Salvatore Di Lauro; Salvador Pastor Idoate; Jose Carlos Pastor. amponadores, manipuladores y tinciones en la cirugía del traumatismo ocular.Trauma Ocular. Ponencia de la SEO 2018..\n\n' LOPEZ GALVEZ; DI LAURO; CRESPO. OCT angiografia y complicaciones retinianas de la diabetes. PONENCIA SEO 2021, CAPITULO 20. (España): 2021.\n\n' Múltiples desprendimientos neurosensoriales bilaterales en paciente joven. Enfermedades Degenerativas De Retina Y Coroides. SERV 04/2016. \n' González-Buendía L; Di Lauro S; Pastor-Idoate S; Pastor Jimeno JC. Vitreorretinopatía proliferante (VRP) e inflamación: LA INFLAMACIÓN in «INMUNOMODULADORES Y ANTIINFLAMATORIOS: MÁS ALLÁ DE LOS CORTICOIDES. RELACION DE PONENCIAS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA. 10/2014.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"243698",title:"Dr.",name:"Xiaogang",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"xiaogang-wang",fullName:"Xiaogang Wang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/243698/images/system/243698.png",biography:"Dr. Xiaogang Wang, a faculty member of Shanxi Eye Hospital specializing in the treatment of cataract and retinal disease and a tutor for postgraduate students of Shanxi Medical University, worked in the COOL Lab as an international visiting scholar under the supervision of Dr. David Huang and Yali Jia from October 2012 through November 2013. Dr. Wang earned an MD from Shanxi Medical University and a Ph.D. from Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Dr. Wang was awarded two research project grants focused on multimodal optical coherence tomography imaging and deep learning in cataract and retinal disease, from the National Natural Science Foundation of China. He has published around 30 peer-reviewed journal papers and four book chapters and co-edited one book.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"7227",title:"Dr.",name:"Hiroaki",middleName:null,surname:"Matsui",slug:"hiroaki-matsui",fullName:"Hiroaki Matsui",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Tokyo",country:{name:"Japan"}}},{id:"312999",title:"Dr.",name:"Bernard O.",middleName:null,surname:"Asimeng",slug:"bernard-o.-asimeng",fullName:"Bernard O. 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This will ensure that we discover ways to live in our world that allows us and other beings to flourish. We can no longer rely on medicalized approaches to health that wait for people to become ill before attempting to treat them. We need to live in harmony with nature and rediscover the beauty and balance in our everyday lives and surroundings, which contribute to our well-being and that of all other creatures on the planet. This topic will provide insights and knowledge into how to achieve this change in health care that is based on ecologically sustainable practices.
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