\\n\\n
More than half of the publishers listed alongside IntechOpen (18 out of 30) are Social Science and Humanities publishers. IntechOpen is an exception to this as a leader in not only Open Access content but Open Access content across all scientific disciplines, including Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Health Sciences, Life Science, and Social Sciences and Humanities.
\\n\\nOur breakdown of titles published demonstrates this with 47% PET, 31% HS, 18% LS, and 4% SSH books published.
\\n\\n“Even though ItechOpen has shown the potential of sci-tech books using an OA approach,” other publishers “have shown little interest in OA books.”
\\n\\nAdditionally, each book published by IntechOpen contains original content and research findings.
\\n\\nWe are honored to be among such prestigious publishers and we hope to continue to spearhead that growth in our quest to promote Open Access as a true pioneer in OA book publishing.
\\n\\n\\n\\n
\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:{caption:"IntechOpen Maintains",originalUrl:"/media/original/113"}},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'
Simba Information has released its Open Access Book Publishing 2020 - 2024 report and has again identified IntechOpen as the world’s largest Open Access book publisher by title count.
\n\nSimba Information is a leading provider for market intelligence and forecasts in the media and publishing industry. The report, published every year, provides an overview and financial outlook for the global professional e-book publishing market.
\n\nIntechOpen, De Gruyter, and Frontiers are the largest OA book publishers by title count, with IntechOpen coming in at first place with 5,101 OA books published, a good 1,782 titles ahead of the nearest competitor.
\n\nSince the first Open Access Book Publishing report published in 2016, IntechOpen has held the top stop each year.
\n\n\n\nMore than half of the publishers listed alongside IntechOpen (18 out of 30) are Social Science and Humanities publishers. IntechOpen is an exception to this as a leader in not only Open Access content but Open Access content across all scientific disciplines, including Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Health Sciences, Life Science, and Social Sciences and Humanities.
\n\nOur breakdown of titles published demonstrates this with 47% PET, 31% HS, 18% LS, and 4% SSH books published.
\n\n“Even though ItechOpen has shown the potential of sci-tech books using an OA approach,” other publishers “have shown little interest in OA books.”
\n\nAdditionally, each book published by IntechOpen contains original content and research findings.
\n\nWe are honored to be among such prestigious publishers and we hope to continue to spearhead that growth in our quest to promote Open Access as a true pioneer in OA book publishing.
\n\n\n\n
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\r\n\tEnvironmental epidemiology has emerged as a critical public health problem in the twenty-first century. The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has been linked to environmental variables, emphasizing the importance of environmental epidemiology. Since the Stockholm conference, there has been a significant increase in both the demand for environmental epidemiology and understanding of the linkages between environmental health and human health. As a result, environmental epidemiology has emerged as the primary scientific discipline responsible for providing data on which environmental/public health activities and choices are based. Thus, a notable public/environmental health innovation of the twenty-first century, for example, is the movement to immunize a greater population of the world against the COVID-19 pandemic. Environmental epidemiology studies led to the adoption of these measures. Thus, this book hopes to increase the public's awareness of public health development, inform government and policymakers, shape government views both nationally and internationally, and avoid wasteful costs. This research will enhance knowledge exchange and learning and will be promoted and disseminated globally.
\r\n\t
The development of methods for synthesizing optical elements to form 3D images began in the 1970s after Denis Gabor was awarded the Nobel Prize for the development of holographic recording principle [1]. Gabor’s follower [2] developed method for recording 3D holograms, which formed 3D images when illuminated by a white point light source. It was the invention of the surface relief holograms, which became known as rainbow holograms. These holograms formed visual 3D parallax in the left/right direction only, and when tilted up/down, the 3D image changes its color, that’s why they were called rainbow holograms. The 3D effect was formed in 1st diffraction order. In 1976, it was suggested the approach for forming 3D image at 1st diffraction order using binary computer-generated holograms [3]. Later, it was invented efficient technology of rainbow holograms microrelief replication (embossing technology) and rainbow holograms became widely used for protection against counterfeit [4]. The first optical security element used on Visa credit cards was a rainbow hologram with the original recorded on the optical table using an analog laser recording technique. At the same time, such optical elements appeared on bank notes and IDs.
The microrelief can be formed using both electron-beam lithography and optical recording methods. Modern approaches for synthesizing optical elements using laser microrelief recording have a resolution of 0.5 microns at best [5, 6], which is insufficient for the recording of asymmetric microrelief of optical elements that produce 3D full-parallax images. In this chapter, we form asymmetric microrelief of nano-optical elements using e-beam lithography with a resolution of 0.1 microns [7, 8]. This makes it possible to synthesize nano-optical elements that cannot be reproduced using standard widespread methods of microrelief recording based on optical origination techniques.
E-beam lithography has already been used to synthesize nano-optical elements that form 3D images [9, 10]. In these studies, a 3D image was formed at the first order of diffraction with the microrelief of the optical element shaped using symmetrical structures. The resulting 3D images can be observed only within a limited range of viewing angles near the first order of diffraction when the element is tilted left/right and up/down; however, the 3D image formed disappears when the element is rotated.
We discuss the possibilities of synthesizing nano-optical elements to form 3D images at the zero-order of diffraction. This is the first time that methods of synthesizing nano-optical elements to form 3D images in the zero-order of diffraction have been developed. For such elements, the 3D effect can be observed near the zero-order of diffraction both by tilting the element and rotating it by 360 degrees.
The standard scheme for observing a 3D image formed by a rainbow hologram [2] is shown in Figure 1a, where the area of observation (the area in which the observer’s eyes can be located) is indicated by the yellow band. The 3D image is formed in the first order of diffraction, and the observation area is a limited narrow band. An observer can see 3D parallax in the left/right direction only. When the optical element is slightly tilted or rotated, observer’s eyes leave the area of observation, and the 3D image disappears for an observer.
Scheme for observing 3D image: a) formed by rainbow hologram at 1st diffraction order, b) formed by CGH with full 3D parallax at 1st diffraction order, and c) in the vicinity of zero order.
Figure 1b shows the observation scheme of a 3D image with full parallax at the 1st diffraction order [11]. The nano-optical element consists of calculated binary kinoforms recorded by e-beam lithography. Here the area of observation is a thick rectangle. An observer can see 3D parallax in both left/right and up/down directions. However, the viewing angle range is also limited, and after rotation of the optical element observer’s eyes leave the area of observation and the 3D image disappears.
Figure 1c shows the new proposed authors’ observation scheme of a 3D image that is formed in the vicinity of the zero order of diffraction. The observation area is a large square centered on the zero order. As long as observer’s eyes are within this region, an observer sees a full parallax 3D image, and the 3D image is observed over a wide range of tilt angles and even when the optical element is rotated through a full range of 360 degrees.
Figure 2 schematically shows the formation of 3D images by a flat reflecting optical phase element at diffraction angles within plus or minus 30° of the zero order.
Schematic diagram of the formation of 3D images by a flat optical element.
The optical element is located in the
Figure 3 shows the observation scheme in the O
Scheme of observation at small diffraction angles.
Synthesis of a nano-optical element to form zero-order 3D images is quite a complex and challenging task. If we use a grid with a step of 0.1 x 0.1 micron for an optical element of, for example, 28 × 33 mm2 size, then the number of points at which it is necessary to calculate the phase function of the optical element is about 1011. However, the proposed method for calculating the phase function of an optical element efficiently solves this problem.
The method that we propose for the first time in this chapter allows the use of different 3D models to form 3D greyscale images. To demonstrate the method for calculating the phase function of the diffractive optical element (DOE) a 3D object was chosen. Figure 4 shows a computer 3D model of the object.
3D model of the object.
Figure 5 shows a fragmented set of the 2D frames of the 3D computer model, and Figure 6 presents a scheme of partitioning the flat optical element into the elementary regions (Gij). The size of the elementary region does not exceed 80 microns, which is beyond the resolution of the human eye.
Fragment of the 2D-frames of the 3D computer model.
Schematic diagram of the partitioning of an optical element into elementary regions.
Figure 7 schematically shows the formation of the angular pattern in the elementary area Gij i = 1… L, j = 1… M. The formation involves all rays from the center of the elementary area to all observation points (R). The ray Ln directed towards the center of the observation point Kn is defined by the angles φn, θn. The number of rays coincides with the number of 2D frames of the 3D image and is equal to several hundred. The intensity of beam Ln in the direction (φn,θn) for each n, n = 1… N, is determined as follows. The brightness of point (
Schematic diagram of the formation of the angular pattern of the area Gij.
The angular pattern of the light scattered from each elementary region Gij is formed at all observation angles (
Angular patterns of twelve different areas Gij.
Thus, in the approximation of geometrical optics, radiation angular patterns are determined for all elementary regions Gij. In the next step, we use the determined angular patterns to compute the phase function of the optical element for each elementary region Gij.
We use the scalar Fresnel wave model to compute the phase functions in the all elementary Gij regions. In this Fresnel model, the scalar wave field
Here
Optical scheme of the formation of the image in elementary region Gij.
The peculiarity of the inverse problem of forming a 2D image is that the right-hand side of Eq. (1) does not contain the wave function
Let us represent the wave function on the plane z = 0 in the form
In the Fredholm operator equation of the first kind (2)
Eq. (3) is a nonlinear operator equation with respect to the desired function φ
We follow Lesem [14] to use an algorithm for the approximate solution of nonlinear Eq. (2). Let us introduce the following notation:
Here
The function
Figure 10 shows two calculated fragments of the microrelief of the multilevel kinoform in the two elementary Gij regions. The fragments size is 10 × 10 μm2. The depth of the microrelief does not exceed 0.5λ and is equal to approximately 0.3 μm.
Calculated fragments of the microrelief in the two elementary Gij regions.
Thus, the solution of the inverse problem for each elementary region, Gij, i = 1… L, j = 1… M, yields the microrelief on the entire area of the nano-optical element. The above algorithm for computing the phase function can be applied to the 3D model of any 3D object.
To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method, we made a 28 × 33 mm2 nano-optical element to form a zero-order 3D image. A 28 × 33 mm2 flat optical element was partitioned into 369,600 50 × 50 μm2 elementary Gij regions, i = 1… L, j = 1… M, as shown in Figure 6. The number of frames N was 1440 (60 frames horizontally, 24 frames vertically). We compute the microrelief of the flat optical element at the fixed green wavelength λ = 547 nm for each elementary region Gij. To compute the phase function in the area Gij, it was used a 500 × 500 grid to solve the inverse problem (2) of computing the phase functions in the elementary regions, and it takes more than 4 hours to compute the phase function for the entire optical element on a PC (AMD Phenom II X6 3.2 GHz CPU and 16 Gb DDR3 memory).
We used a shaped beam e-beam lithography system with a minimum beam size of 0.1 μm x 0.1 μm to record the microrelief of the nano-optical element and used a positive PMMA electron beam resist to form the nano-structures. The maximum microrelief depth was 0.3 μm, and the depth accuracy of microrelief formation was 10 nanometers in terms of depth. The nickel master shim of the diffractive optical element was produced using a standard electroforming procedure.
Figure 11 shows photographs of the nano-optical element taken from different viewing angles at diffraction angles of plus or minus 30° relative to the zero order of diffraction. A cell phone flash with green color filter was used as the light source.
3D images formed by the nano-optical element at different angles under green light source (see video V1 and video V2) (video available at:
We computed the microrelief at the fixed wavelength of λ = 547 nm, which corresponds to green light, and the quality of the images formed are good when the nano-optical element is under green light source illumination. However, of course, the main interest is how the element will be seen when illuminated with a white light source. Figure 12 shows photographs of the same nano-optical element taken from different viewing angles by using a white light source, cell phone flash without any filter.
3D images formed by the nano-optical element at different angles under white light source (see video W1 and video W2) (video available at:
As can be seen from the Figure 12, the formed 3D image remains clear and contrasting despite the illumination with a white light source. The resulting 3D image can be observed well when illuminated by white light, and the observer sees the 3D image with full parallax both when tilting the optical element and when rotating it by 360 degrees. In addition, unlike rainbow holograms, the color of the formed 3D image does not depend on the viewing angle. That is, it turns out that the formed 3D image behaves like a real 3D object in a full range of viewing angles.
In this chapter, we develop methods for synthesizing nano-optical elements to form 3D images at the zero-order diffraction for the first time. The synthesis methods include both the computation of the phase function of the nano-optical element and the formation of its microrelief by using of e-beam lithography. From a mathematical point of view, the computation of the phase function is a typical inverse problem, which we solve in two steps. In the first step, we use all the image frames that define a 3D object to generate the angular patterns in each elementary region. In the second stage, we compute the phase functions of the nano-optical element in each elementary region. The latter problem reduces to solving a nonlinear integral equation. Despite the large number of elementary regions (∼370,000), a personal computer is definitely sufficient to compute the phase function of the entire nano-optical element.
We used e-beam lithography for the formation of the microrelief. The accuracy of microrelief formation is 10 nanometers in terms of depth. We produced a sample nano-optical element that forms a 3D image in the zero order of diffraction. The resulting 3D image can be observed when illuminated by white light. A 3D image can also be formed in the first order of diffraction, as we did, for example, in our earlier study [11], using a binary microrelief. In this case, the diffraction efficiency of the optical element does not exceed 40%. The use of multilevel microrelief makes it possible not only to increase the diffraction efficiency but also to significantly widen the viewing angles of the 3D image. The observer sees a 3D image with full parallax both when tilting the optical element and even when rotating it by 360 degrees. The 3D image is stable and behaves like a real 3D object. The authors also believe that it is possible to use 2D frames captured from 3D computer models with some animation, and thus the formation of 3D zero order images with the effect of animation is possible; however, this is the subject of future numerical and real experiments on the formation of 3D animated images in the zero order of diffraction.
The structure of an optical element forming a 3D image in the zero order of diffraction can be modified to make the kinoforms fill the Gij regions partially rather than completely [19, 20]. The remaining parts of the elementary Gij regions can be filled with diffraction gratings with periods less than 0.6 μm. These diffraction gratings can form an additional 2D image visible over the entire area of the DOE at diffraction angles greater than 60 degrees.
The nano-optical element can be replicated using standard embossing equipment for the production of surface relief holograms. The synthesis methods developed are designed first of all to protect bank notes, IDs and brands against counterfeiting. The technology of the synthesis of nano-optical elements is expensive, knowledge intensive and not widespread, thereby ensuring high protection level of the developed DOEs against counterfeiting.
Methods for calculating the phase functions of nano-optical elements can be used in advanced 3D displays and 3D projectors. At present, supercomputer technologies are widely used to speed up calculations. The phase function in each elementary region is calculated independently, which makes it easy to parallelize the numerical algorithm. The use of a graphics processing unit (GPU) cluster can speed up the calculation of the phase function of a nano-optical element by hundreds or even thousands of times. At present, processors with hundreds thousand cores have been developed and are available [21]. The use of such technologies can make it possible to compute the phase function of the entire optical element in a fraction of a second, thereby opening up opportunities for the synthesis of animated 3D images in prospective 3D design systems and 3D displays [22, 23].
IntechOpen - where academia and industry create content with global impact
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\\n\\nAlex Lazinica is co-founder and Board member of IntechOpen. After obtaining a Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering, he continued his Ph.D. in Robotics at the Vienna University of Technology. There, he worked as a robotics researcher with the university's Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Group, as well as a guest researcher at various European universities, including the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL). During this time he published more than 20 scientific papers, gave presentations, served as a reviewer for major robotic journals and conferences and, most importantly, co-founded and built the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, the world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics. Starting this journal was a pivotal point in his career since it proved to be the pathway to the foundation of IntechOpen with its focus on addressing academic researchers’ needs. Alex personifies many of IntechOpen´s key values, including the commitment to developing mutual trust, openness, and a spirit of entrepreneurialism. Today, his focus is on defining the growth and development strategy for the company.
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\n\nBut, one thing we have in common is -- we are all scientists at heart!
\n\nSara Uhac, COO
\n\nSara Uhac was appointed Managing Director of IntechOpen at the beginning of 2014. She directs and controls the company’s operations. Sara joined IntechOpen in 2010 as Head of Journal Publishing, a new strategically underdeveloped department at that time. After obtaining a Master's degree in Media Management, she completed her Ph.D. at the University of Lugano, Switzerland. She holds a BA in Financial Market Management from the Bocconi University in Milan, Italy, where she started her career in the American publishing house Condé Nast and further collaborated with the UK-based publishing company Time Out. Sara was awarded a professional degree in Publishing from Yale University (2012). She is a member of the professional branch association of "Publishers, Designers and Graphic Artists" at the Croatian Chamber of Commerce.
\n\nAdrian Assad De Marco
\n\nAdrian Assad De Marco joined the company as a Director in 2017. With his extensive experience in management, acquired while working for regional and global leaders, he took over direction and control of all the company's publishing processes. Adrian holds a degree in Economy and Management from the University of Zagreb, School of Economics, Croatia. A former sportsman, he continually strives to develop his skills through professional courses and specializations such as NLP (Neuro-linguistic programming).
\n\nDr Alex Lazinica
\n\nAlex Lazinica is co-founder and Board member of IntechOpen. After obtaining a Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering, he continued his Ph.D. in Robotics at the Vienna University of Technology. There, he worked as a robotics researcher with the university's Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Group, as well as a guest researcher at various European universities, including the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL). During this time he published more than 20 scientific papers, gave presentations, served as a reviewer for major robotic journals and conferences and, most importantly, co-founded and built the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, the world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics. Starting this journal was a pivotal point in his career since it proved to be the pathway to the foundation of IntechOpen with its focus on addressing academic researchers’ needs. Alex personifies many of IntechOpen´s key values, including the commitment to developing mutual trust, openness, and a spirit of entrepreneurialism. Today, his focus is on defining the growth and development strategy for the company.
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Kendrekar, MSc, MBA, Ph.D., is currently a visiting scientist at the Lipid Nanostructure Laboratory, University of Central Lancashire, England. He previously worked as a post-doctoral fellow at the Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Israel; University of the Free State, South Africa; and Central University of Technology Bloemfontein, South Africa. He obtained his Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan. He has published more than seventy-four journal articles and attended several national and international conferences as speaker and chair. Dr. Kendrekar has received many international awards. He has several funded projects, namely, anti-malaria drug development, MRSA, and SARS-CoV-2 activity of curcumin and its formulations. He has filed four patents in collaboration with the University of Central Lancashire and Mayo Clinic Infectious Diseases. His present research includes organic synthesis, drug discovery and development, biochemistry, nanoscience, and nanotechnology.",institutionString:"Visiting Scientist at Lipid Nanostructures Laboratory, Centre for Smart Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Central Lancashire",institution:null},{id:"428125",title:"Dr.",name:"Vinayak",middleName:null,surname:"Adimule",slug:"vinayak-adimule",fullName:"Vinayak Adimule",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/428125/images/system/428125.jpg",biography:"Dr. Vinayak Adimule, MSc, Ph.D., is a professor and dean of R&D, Angadi Institute of Technology and Management, India. He has 15 years of research experience as a senior research scientist and associate research scientist in R&D organizations. He has published more than fifty research articles as well as several book chapters. He has two Indian patents and two international patents to his credit. Dr. Adimule has attended, chaired, and presented papers at national and international conferences. He is a guest editor for Topics in Catalysis and other journals. He is also an editorial board member, life member, and associate member for many international societies and research institutions. His research interests include nanoelectronics, material chemistry, artificial intelligence, sensors and actuators, bio-nanomaterials, and medicinal chemistry.",institutionString:"Angadi Institute of Technology and Management",institution:null},{id:"284317",title:"Prof.",name:"Kantharaju",middleName:null,surname:"Kamanna",slug:"kantharaju-kamanna",fullName:"Kantharaju Kamanna",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/284317/images/21050_n.jpg",biography:"Prof. K. Kantharaju has received Bachelor of science (PCM), master of science (Organic Chemistry) and Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry from Bangalore University. He worked as a Executive Research & Development @ Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Ahmedabad. He received DBT-postdoc fellow @ Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore under the supervision of Prof. P. Balaram, later he moved to NIH-postdoc researcher at Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA, after his return from postdoc joined NITK-Surthakal as a Adhoc faculty at department of chemistry. Since from August 2013 working as a Associate Professor, and in 2016 promoted to Profeesor in the School of Basic Sciences: Department of Chemistry and having 20 years of teaching and research experiences.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Rani Channamma University, Belagavi",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"158492",title:"Prof.",name:"Yusuf",middleName:null,surname:"Tutar",slug:"yusuf-tutar",fullName:"Yusuf Tutar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/158492/images/system/158492.jpeg",biography:"Prof. Dr. Yusuf Tutar conducts his research at the Hamidiye Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Turkey. He is also a faculty member in the Molecular Oncology Program. He obtained his MSc and Ph.D. at Oregon State University and Texas Tech University, respectively. He pursued his postdoctoral studies at Rutgers University Medical School and the National Institutes of Health (NIH/NIDDK), USA. His research focuses on biochemistry, biophysics, genetics, molecular biology, and molecular medicine with specialization in the fields of drug design, protein structure-function, protein folding, prions, microRNA, pseudogenes, molecular cancer, epigenetics, metabolites, proteomics, genomics, protein expression, and characterization by spectroscopic and calorimetric methods.",institutionString:"University of Health Sciences",institution:null},{id:"180528",title:"Dr.",name:"Hiroyuki",middleName:null,surname:"Kagechika",slug:"hiroyuki-kagechika",fullName:"Hiroyuki Kagechika",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/180528/images/system/180528.jpg",biography:"Hiroyuki Kagechika received his bachelor’s degree and Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Sciences from the University of Tokyo, Japan, where he served as an associate professor until 2004. He is currently a professor at the Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering (IBB), Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU). From 2010 to 2012, he was the dean of the Graduate School of Biomedical Science. Since 2012, he has served as the vice dean of the Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences. He has been the director of the IBB since 2020. Dr. Kagechika’s major research interests are the medicinal chemistry of retinoids, vitamins D/K, and nuclear receptors. He has developed various compounds including a drug for acute promyelocytic leukemia.",institutionString:"Tokyo Medical and Dental University",institution:{name:"Tokyo Medical and Dental University",country:{name:"Japan"}}},{id:"94311",title:"Prof.",name:"Martins",middleName:"Ochubiojo",surname:"Ochubiojo Emeje",slug:"martins-ochubiojo-emeje",fullName:"Martins Ochubiojo Emeje",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/94311/images/system/94311.jpeg",biography:"Martins Emeje obtained a BPharm with distinction from Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria, and an MPharm and Ph.D. from the University of Nigeria (UNN), where he received the best Ph.D. award and was enlisted as UNN’s “Face of Research.” He established the first nanomedicine center in Nigeria and was the pioneer head of the intellectual property and technology transfer as well as the technology innovation and support center. Prof. Emeje’s several international fellowships include the prestigious Raman fellowship. He has published more than 150 articles and patents. He is also the head of R&D at NIPRD and holds a visiting professor position at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria. He has a postgraduate certificate in Project Management from Walden University, Minnesota, as well as a professional teaching certificate and a World Bank certification in Public Procurement. Prof. Emeje was a national chairman of academic pharmacists in Nigeria and the 2021 winner of the May & Baker Nigeria Plc–sponsored prize for professional service in research and innovation.",institutionString:"National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development",institution:{name:"National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development",country:{name:"Nigeria"}}},{id:"436430",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Mesut",middleName:null,surname:"Işık",slug:"mesut-isik",fullName:"Mesut Işık",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/436430/images/19686_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Bilecik University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"268659",title:"Ms.",name:"Xianquan",middleName:null,surname:"Zhan",slug:"xianquan-zhan",fullName:"Xianquan Zhan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/268659/images/8143_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Zhan received his undergraduate and graduate training in the fields of preventive medicine and epidemiology and statistics at the West China University of Medical Sciences in China during 1989 to 1999. He received his post-doctoral training in oncology and cancer proteomics for two years at the Cancer Research Institute of Human Medical University in China. In 2001, he went to the University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC) in USA, where he was a post-doctoral researcher and focused on mass spectrometry and cancer proteomics. Then, he was appointed as an Assistant Professor of Neurology, UTHSC in 2005. He moved to the Cleveland Clinic in USA as a Project Scientist/Staff in 2006 where he focused on the studies of eye disease proteomics and biomarkers. He returned to UTHSC as an Assistant Professor of Neurology in the end of 2007, engaging in proteomics and biomarker studies of lung diseases and brain tumors, and initiating the studies of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) in cancer. In 2010, he was promoted to Associate Professor of Neurology, UTHSC. Currently, he is a Professor at Xiangya Hospital of Central South University in China, Fellow of Royal Society of Medicine (FRSM), the European EPMA National Representative in China, Regular Member of American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), European Cooperation of Science and Technology (e-COST) grant evaluator, Associate Editors of BMC Genomics, BMC Medical Genomics, EPMA Journal, and Frontiers in Endocrinology, Executive Editor-in-Chief of Med One. He has\npublished 116 peer-reviewed research articles, 16 book chapters, 2 books, and 2 US patents. His current main research interest focuses on the studies of cancer proteomics and biomarkers, and the use of modern omics techniques and systems biology for PPPM in cancer, and on the development and use of 2DE-LC/MS for the large-scale study of human proteoforms.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Xiangya Hospital Central South University",country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"40482",title:null,name:"Rizwan",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"rizwan-ahmad",fullName:"Rizwan Ahmad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/40482/images/system/40482.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Rizwan Ahmad is a University Professor and Coordinator, Quality and Development, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. Previously, he was Associate Professor of Human Function, Oman Medical College, Oman, and SBS University, Dehradun. Dr. Ahmad completed his education at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. He has published several articles in peer-reviewed journals, chapters, and edited books. His area of specialization is free radical biochemistry and autoimmune diseases.",institutionString:"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University",institution:{name:"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University",country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}},{id:"41865",title:"Prof.",name:"Farid A.",middleName:null,surname:"Badria",slug:"farid-a.-badria",fullName:"Farid A. Badria",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/41865/images/system/41865.jpg",biography:"Farid A. Badria, Ph.D., is the recipient of several awards, including The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) Prize for Public Understanding of Science; the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Gold Medal for best invention; Outstanding Arab Scholar, Kuwait; and the Khwarizmi International Award, Iran. He has 250 publications, 12 books, 20 patents, and several marketed pharmaceutical products to his credit. He continues to lead research projects on developing new therapies for liver, skin disorders, and cancer. Dr. Badria was listed among the world’s top 2% of scientists in medicinal and biomolecular chemistry in 2019 and 2020. He is a member of the Arab Development Fund, Kuwait; International Cell Research Organization–United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ICRO–UNESCO), Chile; and UNESCO Biotechnology France",institutionString:"Mansoura University",institution:{name:"Mansoura University",country:{name:"Egypt"}}},{id:"329385",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajesh K.",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Singh",slug:"rajesh-k.-singh",fullName:"Rajesh K. Singh",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/329385/images/system/329385.png",biography:"Dr. Singh received a BPharm (2003) and MPharm (2005) from Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, and a Ph.D. (2013) from Punjab Technical University (PTU), Jalandhar, India. He has more than sixteen years of teaching experience and has supervised numerous postgraduate and Ph.D. students. He has to his credit more than seventy papers in SCI- and SCOPUS-indexed journals, fifty-five conference proceedings, four books, six Best Paper Awards, and five projects from different government agencies. He is currently an editorial board member of eight international journals and a reviewer for more than fifty scientific journals. He received Top Reviewer and Excellent Peer Reviewer Awards from Publons in 2016 and 2017, respectively. He is also on the panel of The International Reviewer for reviewing research proposals for grants from the Royal Society. He also serves as a Publons Academy mentor and Bentham brand ambassador.",institutionString:"Punjab Technical University",institution:{name:"Punjab Technical University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"142388",title:"Dr.",name:"Thiago",middleName:"Gomes",surname:"Gomes Heck",slug:"thiago-gomes-heck",fullName:"Thiago Gomes Heck",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/142388/images/7259_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"336273",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Janja",middleName:null,surname:"Zupan",slug:"janja-zupan",fullName:"Janja Zupan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/336273/images/14853_n.jpeg",biography:"Janja Zupan graduated in 2005 at the Department of Clinical Biochemistry (superviser prof. dr. Janja Marc) in the field of genetics of osteoporosis. Since November 2009 she is working as a Teaching Assistant at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Biochemistry. In 2011 she completed part of her research and PhD work at Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh. She finished her PhD entitled The influence of the proinflammatory cytokines on the RANK/RANKL/OPG in bone tissue of osteoporotic and osteoarthritic patients in 2012. From 2014-2016 she worked at the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Aberdeen as a postdoctoral research fellow on UK Arthritis research project where she gained knowledge in mesenchymal stem cells and regenerative medicine. She returned back to University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy in 2016. She is currently leading project entitled Mesenchymal stem cells-the keepers of tissue endogenous regenerative capacity facing up to aging of the musculoskeletal system funded by Slovenian Research Agency.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Ljubljana",country:{name:"Slovenia"}}},{id:"357453",title:"Dr.",name:"Radheshyam",middleName:null,surname:"Maurya",slug:"radheshyam-maurya",fullName:"Radheshyam Maurya",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/357453/images/16535_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Hyderabad",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"418340",title:"Dr.",name:"Jyotirmoi",middleName:null,surname:"Aich",slug:"jyotirmoi-aich",fullName:"Jyotirmoi Aich",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000038Ugi5QAC/Profile_Picture_2022-04-15T07:48:28.png",biography:"Biotechnologist with 15 years of research including 6 years of teaching experience. Demonstrated record of scientific achievements through consistent publication record (H index = 13, with 874 citations) in high impact journals such as Nature Communications, Oncotarget, Annals of Oncology, PNAS, and AJRCCM, etc. Strong research professional with a post-doctorate from ACTREC where I gained experimental oncology experience in clinical settings and a doctorate from IGIB where I gained expertise in asthma pathophysiology. A well-trained biotechnologist with diverse experience on the bench across different research themes ranging from asthma to cancer and other infectious diseases. An individual with a strong commitment and innovative mindset. Have the ability to work on diverse projects such as regenerative and molecular medicine with an overall mindset of improving healthcare.",institutionString:"DY Patil Deemed to Be University",institution:null},{id:"349288",title:"Prof.",name:"Soumya",middleName:null,surname:"Basu",slug:"soumya-basu",fullName:"Soumya Basu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000035QxIDQA0/Profile_Picture_2022-04-15T07:47:01.jpg",biography:"Soumya Basu, Ph.D., is currently working as an Associate Professor at Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India. With 16+ years of trans-disciplinary research experience in Drug Design, development, and pre-clinical validation; 20+ research article publications in journals of repute, 9+ years of teaching experience, trained with cross-disciplinary education, Dr. Basu is a life-long learner and always thrives for new challenges.\r\nHer research area is the design and synthesis of small molecule partial agonists of PPAR-γ in lung cancer. She is also using artificial intelligence and deep learning methods to understand the exosomal miRNA’s role in cancer metastasis. Dr. Basu is the recipient of many awards including the Early Career Research Award from the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India. She is a reviewer of many journals like Molecular Biology Reports, Frontiers in Oncology, RSC Advances, PLOS ONE, Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics, Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling, etc. She has edited and authored/co-authored 21 journal papers, 3 book chapters, and 15 abstracts. She is a Board of Studies member at her university. She is a life member of 'The Cytometry Society”-in India and 'All India Cell Biology Society”- in India.",institutionString:"Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune",institution:{name:"Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"354817",title:"Dr.",name:"Anubhab",middleName:null,surname:"Mukherjee",slug:"anubhab-mukherjee",fullName:"Anubhab Mukherjee",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://intech-files.s3.amazonaws.com/0033Y0000365PbRQAU/ProfilePicture%202022-04-15%2005%3A11%3A18.480",biography:"A former member of Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, USA, Dr. Anubhab Mukherjee is an ardent votary of science who strives to make an impact in the lives of those afflicted with cancer and other chronic/acute ailments. He completed his Ph.D. from CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India, having been skilled with RNAi, liposomal drug delivery, preclinical cell and animal studies. He pursued post-doctoral research at College of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Texas A & M University and was involved in another postdoctoral research at Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California. In 2015, he worked in Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology as a visiting scientist. He has substantial experience in nanotechnology-based formulation development and successfully served various Indian organizations to develop pharmaceuticals and nutraceutical products. He is an inventor in many US patents and an author in many peer-reviewed articles, book chapters and books published in various media of international repute. Dr. Mukherjee is currently serving as Principal Scientist, R&D at Esperer Onco Nutrition (EON) Pvt. 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