Experimental conditions and sample properties.
\r\n\tAnimal food additives are products used in animal nutrition for purposes of improving the quality of feed or to improve the animal’s performance and health. Other additives can be used to enhance digestibility or even flavour of feed materials. In addition, feed additives are known which improve the quality of compound feed production; consequently e.g. they improve the quality of the granulated mixed diet.
\r\n\r\n\tGenerally feed additives could be divided into five groups:
\r\n\t1.Technological additives which influence the technological aspects of the diet to improve its handling or hygiene characteristics.
\r\n\t2. Sensory additives which improve the palatability of a diet by stimulating appetite, usually through the effect these products have on the flavour or colour.
\r\n\t3. Nutritional additives, such additives are specific nutrient(s) required by the animal for optimal production.
\r\n\t4.Zootechnical additives which improve the nutrient status of the animal, not by providing specific nutrients, but by enabling more efficient use of the nutrients present in the diet, in other words, it increases the efficiency of production.
\r\n\t5. In poultry nutrition: Coccidiostats and Histomonostats which widely used to control intestinal health of poultry through direct effects on the parasitic organism concerned.
\r\n\tThe aim of the book is to present the impact of the most important feed additives on the animal production, to demonstrate their mode of action, to show their effect on intermediate metabolism and heath status of livestock and to suggest how to use the different feed additives in animal nutrition to produce high quality and safety animal origin foodstuffs for human consumer.
",isbn:"978-1-83969-404-2",printIsbn:"978-1-83969-403-5",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83969-405-9",doi:null,price:0,priceEur:0,priceUsd:0,slug:null,numberOfPages:0,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8ffe43a82ac48b309abc3632bbf3efd0",bookSignature:"Prof. László Babinszky",publishedDate:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10496.jpg",keywords:"Technological Feed Additives, Feed Industry, Quality of Compound Feed, Non-Antibiotic Growth Promoter, Product Quality, Additive Enzymes, Digestibility of Nutrients, NSP Enzymes, Farm Animals, Livestock, Immunity, Microbiome",numberOfDownloads:null,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:null,numberOfDimensionsCitations:null,numberOfTotalCitations:null,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"November 24th 2020",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"December 22nd 2020",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"February 20th 2021",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"May 11th 2021",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"July 10th 2021",remainingDaysToSecondStep:"2 months",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:4,editedByType:null,kuFlag:!1,biosketch:"Professor Emeritus from the University of Debrecen, Hungary who authored 297 publications (papers, book chapters) and edited 3 books. Member of various committees and chairman of the World Conference of Innovative Animal Nutrition and Feeding (WIANF).",coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"53998",title:"Prof.",name:"László",middleName:null,surname:"Babinszky",slug:"laszlo-babinszky",fullName:"László Babinszky",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/53998/images/system/53998.jpg",biography:"László Babinszky is Professor Emeritus of animal nutrition at the University of Debrecen, Hungary. From 1984 to 1985 he worked at the Agricultural University in Wageningen and in the Institute for Livestock Feeding and Nutrition in Lelystad (the Netherlands). He also worked at the Agricultural University of Vienna in the Institute for Animal Breeding and Nutrition (Austria) and in the Oscar Kellner Research Institute in Rostock (Germany). From 1988 to 1992, he worked in the Department of Animal Nutrition (Agricultural University in Wageningen). In 1992 he obtained a PhD degree in animal nutrition from the University of Wageningen.He has authored 297 publications (papers, book chapters). He edited 3 books and 14 international conference proceedings. His total number of citation is 407. \r\nHe is member of various committees e.g.: American Society of Animal Science (ASAS, USA); the editorial board of the Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A- Animal Science (Norway); KRMIVA, Journal of Animal Nutrition (Croatia), Austin Food Sciences (NJ, USA), E-Cronicon Nutrition (UK), SciTz Nutrition and Food Science (DE, USA), Journal of Medical Chemistry and Toxicology (NJ, USA), Current Research in Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences (USA). From 2015 he has been appointed chairman of World Conference of Innovative Animal Nutrition and Feeding (WIANF).\r\nHis main research areas are related to pig and poultry nutrition: elimination of harmful effects of heat stress by nutrition tools, energy- amino acid metabolism in livestock, relationship between animal nutrition and quality of animal food products (meat).",institutionString:"University of Debrecen",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"University of Debrecen",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Hungary"}}}],coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"25",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",slug:"veterinary-medicine-and-science"}],chapters:null,productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"185543",firstName:"Maja",lastName:"Bozicevic",middleName:null,title:"Ms.",imageUrl:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/185543/images/4748_n.jpeg",email:"maja.b@intechopen.com",biography:"As an Author Service Manager my responsibilities include monitoring and facilitating all publishing activities for authors and editors. From chapter submission and review, to approval and revision, copyediting and design, until final publication, I work closely with authors and editors to ensure a simple and easy publishing process. I maintain constant and effective communication with authors, editors and reviewers, which allows for a level of personal support that enables contributors to fully commit and concentrate on the chapters they are writing, editing, or reviewing. I assist authors in the preparation of their full chapter submissions and track important deadlines and ensure they are met. I help to coordinate internal processes such as linguistic review, and monitor the technical aspects of the process. As an ASM I am also involved in the acquisition of editors. Whether that be identifying an exceptional author and proposing an editorship collaboration, or contacting researchers who would like the opportunity to work with IntechOpen, I establish and help manage author and editor acquisition and contact."}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"7144",title:"Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"75cdacb570e0e6d15a5f6e69640d87c9",slug:"veterinary-anatomy-and-physiology",bookSignature:"Catrin Sian Rutland and Valentina Kubale",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7144.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"202192",title:"Dr.",name:"Catrin",surname:"Rutland",slug:"catrin-rutland",fullName:"Catrin Rutland"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophanides",surname:"Theophile",slug:"theophanides-theophile",fullName:"Theophanides Theophile"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1373",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Applications and Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e9ae5ae9167cde4b344e499a792c41c",slug:"ionic-liquids-applications-and-perspectives",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1373.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"57",title:"Physics and Applications of Graphene",subtitle:"Experiments",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0e6622a71cf4f02f45bfdd5691e1189a",slug:"physics-and-applications-of-graphene-experiments",bookSignature:"Sergey Mikhailov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/57.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"16042",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergey",surname:"Mikhailov",slug:"sergey-mikhailov",fullName:"Sergey Mikhailov"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"878",title:"Phytochemicals",subtitle:"A Global Perspective of Their Role in Nutrition and Health",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ec77671f63975ef2d16192897deb6835",slug:"phytochemicals-a-global-perspective-of-their-role-in-nutrition-and-health",bookSignature:"Venketeshwer Rao",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/878.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"82663",title:"Dr.",name:"Venketeshwer",surname:"Rao",slug:"venketeshwer-rao",fullName:"Venketeshwer Rao"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"4816",title:"Face Recognition",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"146063b5359146b7718ea86bad47c8eb",slug:"face_recognition",bookSignature:"Kresimir Delac and Mislav Grgic",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/4816.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"528",title:"Dr.",name:"Kresimir",surname:"Delac",slug:"kresimir-delac",fullName:"Kresimir Delac"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"25489",title:"Air Cooling Module Applications to Consumer-Electronic Products",doi:"10.5772/27031",slug:"air-cooling-module-applications-to-consumer-electronic-products",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/25489.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/25489",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/25489",totalDownloads:3059,totalViews:138,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:5,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:"February 15th 2011",dateReviewed:"August 10th 2011",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"December 22nd 2011",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/25489",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/25489",book:{slug:"heat-transfer-engineering-applications"},signatures:"Jung-Chang Wang and Sih-Li Chen",authors:[{id:"20474",title:"Dr.",name:"Sih-Li",middleName:null,surname:"Chen",fullName:"Sih-Li Chen",slug:"sih-li-chen",email:"slchen01@ntu.edu.tw",position:null,institution:{name:"National Taiwan University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Taiwan"}}},{id:"68613",title:"Prof.",name:"Jung-Chang",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Jung-Chang Wang",slug:"jung-chang-wang",email:"jcwang@ntou.edu.tw",position:null,institution:{name:"National Taiwan Ocean University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Taiwan"}}}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"2024",title:"Heat Transfer",subtitle:"Engineering Applications",fullTitle:"Heat Transfer - Engineering Applications",slug:"heat-transfer-engineering-applications",publishedDate:"December 22nd 2011",bookSignature:"Vyacheslav S. Vikhrenko",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2024.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"66215",title:"Prof.",name:"Vyacheslav",middleName:"Stepanovich",surname:"Vikhrenko",slug:"vyacheslav-vikhrenko",fullName:"Vyacheslav Vikhrenko"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"25476",title:"Mathematical Models of Heat Flow in Edge-Emitting Semiconductor Lasers",slug:"mathematical-models-of-heat-flow-in-edge-emitting-semiconductor-lasers",totalDownloads:3460,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Michał Szymanski",authors:[{id:"66973",title:"Dr.",name:"Michał",middleName:null,surname:"Szymański",fullName:"Michał Szymański",slug:"michal-szymanski"}]},{id:"25477",title:"Temperature Rise of Silicon Due to Absorption of Permeable Pulse Laser",slug:"temperature-rise-of-silicon-due-to-absorption-of-permeable-pulse-laser",totalDownloads:5252,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Etsuji Ohmura",authors:[{id:"72547",title:"Dr.",name:"Etsuji",middleName:null,surname:"Ohmura",fullName:"Etsuji Ohmura",slug:"etsuji-ohmura"}]},{id:"25478",title:"Pulsed Laser Heating and Melting",slug:"pulsed-laser-heating-and-melting",totalDownloads:10112,totalCrossrefCites:11,signatures:"David Sands",authors:[{id:"75174",title:"Dr.",name:"David",middleName:null,surname:"Sands",fullName:"David Sands",slug:"david-sands"}]},{id:"25479",title:"Energy Transfer in Ion– and Laser–Solid Interactions",slug:"energy-transfer-in-ion-and-laser-solid-interactions",totalDownloads:2151,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Alejandro Crespo-Sosa",authors:[{id:"67663",title:"Prof.",name:"Alejandro",middleName:null,surname:"Crespo-Sosa",fullName:"Alejandro Crespo-Sosa",slug:"alejandro-crespo-sosa"}]},{id:"25480",title:"Temperature Measurement of a Surface Exposed to a Plasma Flux Generated Outside the Electrode Gap",slug:"temperature-measurement-of-a-surface-exposed-to-a-plasma-flux-generated-outside-the-electrode-gap",totalDownloads:1934,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Nikolay Kazanskiy and Vsevolod Kolpakov",authors:[{id:"68268",title:"Prof.",name:"Nicolas",middleName:null,surname:"Kazansky",fullName:"Nicolas Kazansky",slug:"nicolas-kazansky"},{id:"71737",title:"Dr.",name:"Vsevolod",middleName:"Anatol'Evich",surname:"Kolpakov",fullName:"Vsevolod Kolpakov",slug:"vsevolod-kolpakov"}]},{id:"25481",title:"Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of Thermal Performance of Steered Fibre Composite Laminates",slug:"experimental-and-numerical-evaluation-of-thermal-performance-of-steered-fibre-composite-laminates",totalDownloads:3169,totalCrossrefCites:4,signatures:"Z. Gürdal, G. Abdelal and K.C. Wu",authors:[{id:"72957",title:"Dr.",name:"Gasser",middleName:null,surname:"Abdelal",fullName:"Gasser Abdelal",slug:"gasser-abdelal"}]},{id:"25482",title:"A Prediction Model for Rubber Curing Process",slug:"a-prediction-model-for-rubber-curing-process",totalDownloads:8147,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Shigeru Nozu, Hiroaki Tsuji and Kenji Onishi",authors:[{id:"65241",title:"Prof.",name:"Shigeru",middleName:null,surname:"Nozu",fullName:"Shigeru Nozu",slug:"shigeru-nozu"},{id:"73688",title:"Prof.",name:"Hiroaki",middleName:null,surname:"Tsuji",fullName:"Hiroaki Tsuji",slug:"hiroaki-tsuji"},{id:"73800",title:"Dr.",name:"Kenji",middleName:null,surname:"Onishi",fullName:"Kenji Onishi",slug:"kenji-onishi"}]},{id:"25483",title:"Thermal Transport in Metallic Porous Media",slug:"thermal-transport-in-metallic-porous-media",totalDownloads:3376,totalCrossrefCites:4,signatures:"Z.G. Qu, H.J. Xu, T.S. Wang, W.Q. Tao and T.J. Lu",authors:[{id:"68584",title:"Prof.",name:"Qu",middleName:null,surname:"Zhiguo",fullName:"Qu Zhiguo",slug:"qu-zhiguo"}]},{id:"25484",title:"Coupled Electrical and Thermal Analysis of Power Cables Using Finite Element Method",slug:"coupled-electrical-and-thermal-analysis-of-power-cables-using-finite-element-method",totalDownloads:8415,totalCrossrefCites:9,signatures:"Murat Karahan and Özcan Kalenderli",authors:[{id:"69775",title:"Dr.",name:"Murat",middleName:null,surname:"Karahan",fullName:"Murat Karahan",slug:"murat-karahan"},{id:"75964",title:"Prof.",name:"Özcan",middleName:null,surname:"Kalenderli",fullName:"Özcan Kalenderli",slug:"ozcan-kalenderli"}]},{id:"25485",title:"Heat Conduction for Helical and Periodical Contact in a Mine Hoist",slug:"heat-conduction-for-helical-and-periodical-contact-in-a-mine-hoist",totalDownloads:2623,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Yu-xing Peng, Zhen-cai Zhu and Guo-an Chen",authors:[{id:"67467",title:"Dr.",name:"Yu-Xing",middleName:null,surname:"Peng",fullName:"Yu-Xing Peng",slug:"yu-xing-peng"}]},{id:"25486",title:"Mathematical Modelling of Dynamics of Boiler Surfaces Heated Convectively",slug:"mathematical-modelling-of-dynamics-of-boiler-surfaces-heated-convectively",totalDownloads:2795,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Wiesław Zima",authors:[{id:"65921",title:"Dr.",name:"Wiesław",middleName:null,surname:"Zima",fullName:"Wiesław Zima",slug:"wieslaw-zima"}]},{id:"25487",title:"Unsteady Heat Conduction Phenomena in Internal Combustion Engine Chamber and Exhaust Manifold Surfaces",slug:"unsteady-heat-conduction-phenomena-in-internal-combustion-engine-chamber-and-exhaust-manifold-surfac",totalDownloads:4560,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"G.C. Mavropoulos",authors:[{id:"66372",title:"Dr.",name:"Georgios",middleName:null,surname:"Mavropoulos",fullName:"Georgios Mavropoulos",slug:"georgios-mavropoulos"}]},{id:"25488",title:"Ultrahigh Strength Steel: Development of Mechanical Properties Through Controlled Cooling",slug:"ultrahigh-strength-steel-development-of-mechanical-properties-through-controlled-cooling",totalDownloads:12610,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"S. K. Maity and R. Kawalla",authors:[{id:"66930",title:"Dr.",name:"Shyamal Kumar",middleName:null,surname:"Maity",fullName:"Shyamal Kumar Maity",slug:"shyamal-kumar-maity"},{id:"77114",title:"Prof.",name:"Rudolf",middleName:null,surname:"Kawalla",fullName:"Rudolf Kawalla",slug:"rudolf-kawalla"}]},{id:"25489",title:"Air Cooling Module Applications to Consumer-Electronic Products",slug:"air-cooling-module-applications-to-consumer-electronic-products",totalDownloads:3059,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Jung-Chang Wang and Sih-Li Chen",authors:[{id:"20474",title:"Dr.",name:"Sih-Li",middleName:null,surname:"Chen",fullName:"Sih-Li Chen",slug:"sih-li-chen"},{id:"68613",title:"Prof.",name:"Jung-Chang",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Jung-Chang Wang",slug:"jung-chang-wang"}]},{id:"25490",title:"Design of Electronic Equipment Casings for Natural Air Cooling: Effects of Height and Size of Outlet Vent on Flow Resistance",slug:"design-of-electronic-equipment-casings-for-natural-air-cooling-effects-of-height-and-size-of-outlet-",totalDownloads:4454,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Masaru Ishizuka and Tomoyuki Hatakeyama",authors:[{id:"66011",title:"Prof.",name:"Masaru",middleName:null,surname:"Ishizuka",fullName:"Masaru Ishizuka",slug:"masaru-ishizuka"},{id:"66518",title:"Dr.",name:"Tomoyuki",middleName:null,surname:"Hatakeyama",fullName:"Tomoyuki Hatakeyama",slug:"tomoyuki-hatakeyama"}]},{id:"25491",title:"Multi-Core CPU Air Cooling",slug:"multi-core-cpu-air-cooling",totalDownloads:2411,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"M. A. Elsawaf, A. L. Elshafei and H. A. H. Fahmy",authors:[{id:"72072",title:"MSc.",name:"Mohamed",middleName:null,surname:"Elsawaf",fullName:"Mohamed Elsawaf",slug:"mohamed-elsawaf"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"625",title:"Heat Conduction",subtitle:"Basic Research",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fc597dbd40f10cbb8c09323c48d8bb15",slug:"heat-conduction-basic-research",bookSignature:"Vyacheslav S. Vikhrenko",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/625.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"66215",title:"Prof.",name:"Vyacheslav",surname:"Vikhrenko",slug:"vyacheslav-vikhrenko",fullName:"Vyacheslav Vikhrenko"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"24518",title:"Inverse Heat Conduction Problems",slug:"inverse-heat-conduction-problems",signatures:"Krzysztof Grysa",authors:[{id:"67131",title:"Prof.",name:"Krzysztof",middleName:null,surname:"Grysa",fullName:"Krzysztof Grysa",slug:"krzysztof-grysa"}]},{id:"24519",title:"Assessment of Various Methods in Solving Inverse Heat Conduction Problems",slug:"assessment-of-various-methods-in-solving-inverse-heat-conduction-problems",signatures:"M. S. Gadala and S. Vakili",authors:[{id:"75738",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohamed",middleName:null,surname:"Gadala",fullName:"Mohamed Gadala",slug:"mohamed-gadala"},{id:"75745",title:"Mr.",name:"Soheyl",middleName:null,surname:"Vakili",fullName:"Soheyl Vakili",slug:"soheyl-vakili"}]},{id:"24520",title:"Identifiability of Piecewise Constant Conductivity",slug:"identifiability-of-piecewise-constant-conductivity",signatures:"Semion Gutman and Junhong Ha",authors:[{id:"65934",title:"Prof.",name:"Semion",middleName:null,surname:"Gutman",fullName:"Semion Gutman",slug:"semion-gutman"},{id:"111448",title:"Prof.",name:"Junhong",middleName:null,surname:"Ha",fullName:"Junhong Ha",slug:"junhong-ha"}]},{id:"24521",title:"Experimental and Numerical Studies of Evaporation Local Heat Transfer in Free Jet",slug:"experimental-and-numerical-studies-of-evaporation-local-heat-transfer-in-free-jet",signatures:"Hasna Louahlia Gualous",authors:[{id:"52637",title:"Prof.",name:"Gualous",middleName:null,surname:"Hasna",fullName:"Gualous Hasna",slug:"gualous-hasna"}]},{id:"24522",title:"Exact Travelling Wave Solutions for Generalized Forms of the Nonlinear Heat Conduction Equation",slug:"exact-travelling-wave-solutions-for-generalized-forms-of-the-nonlinear-heat-conduction-equation",signatures:"Mohammad Mehdi Kabir Najafi",authors:[{id:"66354",title:"Dr.",name:"M. Mehdi",middleName:null,surname:"Kabir Najafi",fullName:"M. Mehdi Kabir Najafi",slug:"m.-mehdi-kabir-najafi"}]},{id:"24523",title:"Heat Conduction Problems of Thermosensitive Solids under Complex Heat Exchange",slug:"heat-conduction-problems-of-thermosensitive-solids-under-complex-heat-exchange",signatures:"Roman M. Kushnir and Vasyl S. Popovych",authors:[{id:"72236",title:"Prof.",name:"Roman",middleName:"Mykhajlovych",surname:"Kushnir",fullName:"Roman Kushnir",slug:"roman-kushnir"},{id:"75920",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasyl'",middleName:null,surname:"Popovych",fullName:"Vasyl' Popovych",slug:"vasyl'-popovych"}]},{id:"24524",title:"Can a Lorentz Invariant Equation Describe Thermal Energy Propagation Problems?",slug:"can-a-lorentz-invariant-equation-describe-thermal-energy-propagation-problems-",signatures:"Ferenc Márkus",authors:[{id:"71032",title:"Dr.",name:"Ferenc",middleName:null,surname:"Márkus",fullName:"Ferenc Márkus",slug:"ferenc-markus"}]},{id:"24525",title:"Time Varying Heat Conduction in Solids",slug:"time-varying-heat-conduction-in-solids",signatures:"Ernesto Marín Moares",authors:[{id:"65361",title:"Dr.",name:"Ernesto",middleName:null,surname:"Marín",fullName:"Ernesto Marín",slug:"ernesto-marin"}]},{id:"24526",title:"Heat Transfer and Reconnection Diffusion in Turbulent Magnetized Plasmas",slug:"heat-transfer-and-reconnection-diffusion-in-turbulent-magnetized-plasmas",signatures:"A. Lazarian",authors:[{id:"41800",title:"Dr.",name:null,middleName:null,surname:"Lazarian",fullName:"Lazarian",slug:"lazarian"}]},{id:"24527",title:"Energy Transfer in Pyroelectric Material",slug:"energy-transfer-in-pyroelectric-material",signatures:"Xiaoguang Yuan and Fengpeng Yang",authors:[{id:"65373",title:"Dr.",name:"Xiaoguang",middleName:null,surname:"Yuan",fullName:"Xiaoguang Yuan",slug:"xiaoguang-yuan"},{id:"119922",title:"Dr.",name:"Fengpeng",middleName:null,surname:"Yang",fullName:"Fengpeng Yang",slug:"fengpeng-yang"}]},{id:"24528",title:"Steady-State Heat Transfer and Thermo-Elastic Analysis of Inhomogeneous Semi-Infinite Solids",slug:"steady-state-heat-transfer-and-thermo-elastic-analysis-of-inhomogeneous-semi-infinite-solids",signatures:"Yuriy Tokovyy and Chien-Ching Ma",authors:[{id:"72419",title:"Dr.",name:"Yuriy",middleName:null,surname:"Tokovyy",fullName:"Yuriy Tokovyy",slug:"yuriy-tokovyy"},{id:"75151",title:"Prof.",name:"Chien-Ching",middleName:null,surname:"Ma",fullName:"Chien-Ching Ma",slug:"chien-ching-ma"}]},{id:"24529",title:"Self-Similar Hydrodynamics with Heat Conduction",slug:"self-similar-hydrodynamics-with-heat-conduction",signatures:"Masakatsu Murakami",authors:[{id:"71100",title:"Prof.",name:"Masakatsu",middleName:null,surname:"Murakami",fullName:"Masakatsu Murakami",slug:"masakatsu-murakami"}]},{id:"24530",title:"Particle Transport Monte Carlo Method for Heat Conduction Problems",slug:"particle-transport-monte-carlo-method-for-heat-conduction-problems",signatures:"Nam Zin Cho",authors:[{id:"65904",title:"Prof.",name:"Nam Zin",middleName:null,surname:"Cho",fullName:"Nam Zin Cho",slug:"nam-zin-cho"}]},{id:"24531",title:"Meshless Heat Conduction Analysis by Triple-Reciprocity Boundary Element Method",slug:"meshless-heat-conduction-analysis-by-triple-reciprocity-boundary-element-method",signatures:"Yoshihiro Ochiai",authors:[{id:"67988",title:"Prof.",name:"Yoshihiro",middleName:null,surname:"Ochiai",fullName:"Yoshihiro Ochiai",slug:"yoshihiro-ochiai"}]}]}]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"62402",title:"Deterioration Factors of Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Obtained from Voltage Hold Test",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79260",slug:"deterioration-factors-of-electric-double-layer-capacitors-obtained-from-voltage-hold-test",body:'\nIn contrast to chemical batteries, electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) store and release electrical energy by utilizing the physical adsorption and desorption of an electric charge, but without utilizing any chemical reactions. Compared to chemical batteries, EDLCs have superior responsiveness, and since they allow for rapid high-voltage charging and discharging, they are high-performance device, last through a high number of charging/discharging cycles, and theoretically do not deteriorate. Owing to these advantages, EDLCs have recently been utilized as auxiliary power supplies in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), which combine an internal combustion engine and an electric motor with the aim of being maintenance free. However, performance degradation has recently been confirmed in commercially used EDLCs owing to overvoltage and high temperatures, including a decrease in capacitance and an increase in internal resistance. To confirm these phenomena and to predict degradation mechanism, chemical and electrochemical aging test were performed using original electrode under acetonitrile (AN)-based electrolyte, propylene carbonate (PC)-based electrolyte [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], and ionic liquid as electrolyte [8]. It was also reported that aging model was calculated and aging diagnosis was built up using manufactured EDLCs under overvoltage and high-temperature condition [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]. For this chapter, we performed a voltage hold test, which is a type of accelerated degradation test for EDLCs using the application of overvoltage, on cylindrical EDLCs, which are used in actual applications [21]. We confirmed the degradation behaviors caused by the application of overvoltage by measuring the capacitance and internal resistance before and after the tests. Moreover, we disassembled the EDLCs once testing was complete and ran a variety of analyses on the polarizable electrodes and the electrolytes that form its constituent parts. By comparing and studying the analytical results and the deterioration behaviors, we studied the deterioration mechanism of EDLCs.
\nAs shown in Table 1, voltage hold tests were conducted by applying overvoltages of 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.2, and 3.5 V continuously for 1 week to commercially used cylindrical EDLCs with a rated voltage of 2.5 V. Using a Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd., incubator (MIR-254) and a charging/discharging tester (PS-97010) by PowerSystem Co., Ltd., three accelerated deterioration samples were produced for each voltage at a constant temperature of 25°C.
\nExperimental conditions and sample properties.
Before and after the voltage hold test, charging and discharging were performed at a constant current of 6 A and a voltage of 2.5 V using a stabilized DC power supply (PAN60-6A) and an electronic load device (PLZ603WH) by Kikusui Electronics Corp. Using the energy conversion method, the capacitance was calculated based on the obtained charge and discharge waveforms, and the internal resistance was calculated based on the voltage drop.
\nFigure 1 shows the variance in the capacitance and internal resistance before and after the voltage hold test for each holding voltage. The internal resistance increased most for a holding voltage of 3.5 V, with a rise of approximately 30% compared to the value prior to the voltage hold test. Regardless of the holding voltage, the capacitance did not vary significantly from that before the test. Based on this, it was found that the rise in the holding voltage during the voltage hold test greatly affected the factors that cause an increase in the internal resistance.
\nPre/postvoltage hold test properties for each applied voltage.
For qualitative and state analyses of the polarizable electrodes, we used an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis device [electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA-3300)] by Shimadzu Corporation. A scanning electron microscope (S-5500) by Hitachi Ltd. was used to observe the polarizable electrode surfaces.
\nFigure 2(a) and (b) shows scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images for the polarizable electrode surfaces during the pretest. Granular electrically conducting material can be confirmed through the images. Furthermore, it was found that the polarizable electrodes consist of activated carbon and electrically conducting material, and it was confirmed that there is no variance between the positive and negative electrodes. Figure 2(c)–(l) is SEM images for the posttest polarizable electrode surfaces for each holding voltage. It is clear from Figure 2(a) and (d) that when comparing the pretest polarizable electrode surfaces with those after testing at a holding voltage of 2.8 V, there is no variance in the activated carbon and electrically conducting materials. However, based on Figure 2(e)–(l), for polarizable electrode surfaces after tests at holding voltages of 2.9, 3.0, 3.2, and 3.5 V, both an increase in the holding voltage and a deformation of the surfaces of the positive and negative electrodes can be confirmed. Surface irregularities can be confirmed for the positive electrodes, as well as the generation of a deposit layer on the surface. Moreover, the generation of granules smaller than the electrically conducting material can be confirmed on the negative electrodes. Accordingly, it is believed that deposits produced through a reaction of some sort inside the EDLC cell cause an increase in the internal resistance [5, 6, 7, 12].
\nPolarizable electrode surface (a) positive electrode (PE) before test, (b) negative electrode (NE) before test, (c) PE after test at holding voltage of 2.8 V, (d) NE after test at holding voltage of 2.8 V, (e) PE after test at holding voltage of 2.9 V, (f) NE after test at holding voltage of 2.9 V, (g) PE after test at holding voltage of 3.0 V, (h) NE after test at holding voltage of 3.0 V, (i) PE after test at holding voltage of 3.2 V, (j) NE after test at holding voltage of 3.2 V, (k) PE after test at holding voltage of 3.5 V, and (l) NE after test at holding voltage of 3.5 V.
Qualitative analysis results show that no major spectral differences can be seen based on observations of the pretest polarizable electrodes and posttest polarizable electrodes for each holding voltage, and that the observations chiefly consist of three elements: carbon, fluorine, and oxygen. It follows that the deposits observed on the electrode surface are fluorine, oxygen, and carbon derived. To reveal how the deposits, which consist of the same elements as the polarizable electrodes, cause a reduction in performance of the EDLC, we conducted a more detailed state analysis of the electrode surfaces. It is believed that owing to the holding voltage in the voltage hold test (an accelerated deterioration test), a change of some sort is caused in the binding states of carbon, fluorine, and oxygen. We, therefore, applied an etching process to the electrode surface and measured the changes in spectral intensity in the depth direction for C1s, O1s, and F1s, thus studying to what depth the electrode surface deposits were produced.
\nFigures 3–8 show the variance in the observed spectral intensity in the depth direction for (a) C1s, (b) F1s, and (c) O1s on positive electrode and (e) C1s, (f) F1s, and (g) O1s on negative electrode. Furthermore, (d) and (h) show the atomic composition ratios on positive electrode and negative electrode, respectively. It is clear from Figure 3 that for the polarizable electrodes before the voltage hold test, the positive and negative electrodes consist of carbon, oxygen, and fluorine until a depth of 25 nm from the surface. Furthermore, since the composition ratio from approximately 2–3 nm below from the electrode surface is stable, it is thought that a 2–3 nm film exists on the polarizable electrodes. It is believed that since the cell interior was exposed to electrolytes prior to the polarizable electrodes being chosen, the polarizable electrodes reacted with the oxygen and the fluorine in the electrolyte at the solid-fluid interface.
\nPretest polarizable electrode.
Polarizable electrode after test with holding voltage of 2.8 V.
Polarizable electrode after test with holding voltage of 2.9 V.
Polarizable electrode after test with holding voltage of 3.0 V.
Polarizable electrode after test with holding voltage of 3.2 V.
Polarizable electrode after test with holding voltage of 3.5 V.
No large difference is seen between the pre- and postvoltage hold-test polarizable electrodes at a holding voltage of 2.8 V. However, as shown in Figure 5, after the voltage hold test at a holding voltage of 2.9 V, the O1s spectral intensity decreased and the F1s spectral intensity increased. Graphs (d) in Figure 5 show that they almost only consist of carbon and fluorine up to a depth of 15 nm. Accordingly, it is believed that through the application of voltages of 2.9 V and higher, the bond between carbon and oxygen in the polarizable electrodes is broken, and oxygen atoms are released. Moreover, since there is virtually no change in the composition ratio at a depth of approx. 10–13 nm from the surface, it is clear that the fluorine compound layer has increased in thickness compared to that before the test. Since this reactant consists of carbon and fluorine [5], it is believed to be graphite fluoride. It can be inferred from the fact that graphite fluoride is an insulator that the electrode resistance was caused to increase, thus causing the internal resistance to increase. Furthermore, it was shown that no major difference was seen in the composition changes in the depth direction of the positive and negative electrodes.
\nIt was shown that in samples subject to high voltage, the electrolyte reacts with the polarizable electrode at the solid-fluid interface, altering the atomic composition ratio of the polarizable electrode. Moreover, since the reaction at the solid-fluid interface accelerates with an increase in the applied voltage, it can be inferred that some sort of change is also occurring in the electrolyte. We, therefore, measured the moisture content in the electrolyte taken from the EDLCs. A Karl Fischer Moisture Titrator (MKC-610) by Kyoto Electronics Manufacturing Co., Ltd., was used for these measurements.
\nFigure 9 shows the moisture content in the electrolyte taken from the EDLCs before the tests and after the tests at each applied voltage. A comparison of moisture content in the electrolyte before and after the test when 2.8 V is applied found an increase of approximately 14.4%. However, it was found that compared to the value before the test, the moisture content decreased after tests that applied 2.9, 3.0, 3.2, and 3.5 V. The lowest moisture content was seen in the electrolyte after the 2.9-V test, with a 16.9% decrease compared to that before the test. Based on these results, it is believed that there is no correlation between increasing the applied voltage and decreasing the moisture content, and that the moisture content included when the EDLCs were built is retained.
\nMoisture content in electrolyte before and after test for each applied voltage.
It was revealed that there was no correlation between an increase in the holding voltage in the voltage hold test and an increase or decrease in the moisture content shown in Figure 9. Accordingly, any chemical changes in the electrolyte owing to an increased holding voltage can be considered to be other than moisture related. The elution of electrode material into the electrolyte sometimes occurs during electrolysis and is also applied in electrolytic refining. Chemical reactions of the electrodes are not desirable in EDLCs, and a mere action through physical adsorption and desorption are considered ideal [14]. However, the behavior of components contained in ash that cannot be eliminated in the activated carbon generation process is worth noting.
\nOwing to the difference in viscosity between the harvested electrolyte and the oil-based 23 element standard solution by Seishin Trading Co., Ltd., used in the calibration curve method, the interference must be suppressed. Moreover, since the volume required for analysis (15 ml) was not reached, this needed to be adjusted. To that end, microwave-assisted decomposition was performed using a microwave digestion device (SpeedWave MS3) by Actac Project Services Corporation, adding 8 ml of nitric acid to 0.1 ml of electrolyte. Since this decomposition treatment was performed in a closed system, we considered external element contamination to be almost nil. Subsequently, the solution was adjusted to 15 ml by diluting it with ultrapure water. After adjusting the volume as described above, the element concentration in the electrolyte was measured by introducing it into the inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICPS-8100) by Shimadzu Corporation.
\nFigure 10 shows the element concentrations in the electrolyte taken from the EDLCs before and after the tests for each applied voltage. An analysis showed that the electrolyte contained boron, sodium, aluminum, silicon, potassium, calcium, and barium. The electrolyte commonly used for EDLCs is tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate [(C2H5)4NBF4/C4H6O3], which does not contain the elements above. However, activated carbon, which is the polarizable electrode material, is over 90% carbon, and part of carbon consists of oxygen and hydrogen compounds. Carbon also contains, as components characteristic to the raw material, sodium, silicon, potassium, calcium, iron, etc., as ash content. Therefore, it is possible that these dissolved into the electrolyte.
\nElement concentrations in electrolyte before and after test for each applied voltage.
Furthermore, the possibility that these components are included as additives to improve the EDLC performance can also be considered. It is clear from the analytical results that whereas almost none of the dissolved element concentrations showed any variance between before and after the test at any holding voltage, only the silicon concentration decreased in relation to an increase in the holding voltage. A decreased concentration in the electrolyte signifies deposits onto the electrode surface. It is surmised that tetravalent silicon, similar to carbon (which is the main component of activated carbon), deposits onto the electrode surface and is a primary factor in the deterioration that increases the internal resistance of the EDLC.
\nFor this chapter, we performed a voltage hold test, which is an accelerated deterioration test, on a commercial cylindrical electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) by applying overvoltage. We confirmed behaviors of deterioration induced by the application of overvoltage. Furthermore, we disassembled the EDLCs after testing and conducted chemical analyses on the polarizable electrodes and the electrolyte, which are the main components of the EDLCs. This resulted in the three findings:
It was found that the internal resistance tended to increase with a rise in the holding voltage applied in the voltage hold test. On the other hand, the capacitance was not affected by the holding voltage and did not change significantly. This also revealed that some factors leading to an increase in internal resistance also increase with a rise in the holding voltage.
It was found for polarizable electrodes that as the holding voltage rises, the polarizable electrodes react at the solid-fluid interface with the fluorine in the electrolyte, and fluorine compounds are generated up to a depth of 10–13 nm from the electrode surface in the depth direction. It is surmised that this fluorine compound layer closes the micropores, reduces the surface area, reduces the EDLC capacitance, and is a deteriorating factor that increases the internal resistance.
It was found that as the holding voltage increases, the silicon concentration in the electrolyte decreases. It is believed that as the electrochemical reaction progresses, deposited silicon becomes a deteriorating factor and, by hampering the charge transfer, leads to an increase in the internal resistance of the EDLC.
The author thanks Mr. Mikio Taguchi and Dr. Hiromu Yoshitama, the graduate students from the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at the Graduate School of Engineering of the University of Miyazaki, for their help with conducting this study.
\nIntechOpen aims to guarantee that original material is published while at the same time giving significant freedom to our Authors. We uphold a flexible Copyright Policy, guaranteeing that there is no transfer of copyright to the publisher and Authors retain exclusive copyright to their Work.
',metaTitle:"Publication Agreement - Monograph",metaDescription:"IntechOpen aims to guarantee that original material is published while at the same time giving significant freedom to our authors. For that matter, we uphold a flexible copyright policy meaning that there is no transfer of copyright to the publisher and authors retain exclusive copyright to their work.",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"/page/publication-agreement-monograph",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"When submitting a manuscript, the Author is required to accept the Terms and Conditions set out in our Publication Agreement – Monographs/Compacts as follows:
\\n\\nCORRESPONDING AUTHOR'S GRANT OF RIGHTS
\\n\\nSubject to the following Article, the Author grants to IntechOpen, during the full term of copyright, and any extensions or renewals of that term, the following:
\\n\\nThe foregoing licenses shall survive the expiry or termination of this Publication Agreement for any reason.
\\n\\nThe Author, on his or her own behalf and on behalf of any of the Co-Authors, reserves the following rights in the Work but agrees not to exercise them in such a way as to adversely affect IntechOpen's ability to utilize the full benefit of this Publication Agreement: (i) reprographic rights worldwide, other than those which subsist in the typographical arrangement of the Work as published by IntechOpen; and (ii) public lending rights arising under the Public Lending Right Act 1979, as amended from time to time, and any similar rights arising in any part of the world.
\\n\\nThe Author, and any Co-Author, confirms that they are, and will remain, a member of any applicable licensing and collecting society and any successor to that body responsible for administering royalties for the reprographic reproduction of copyright works.
\\n\\nSubject to the license granted above, copyright in the Work and all versions of it created during IntechOpen's editing process, including all published versions, is retained by the Author and any Co-Authors.
\\n\\nSubject to the license granted above, the Author and Co-Authors retain patent, trademark and other intellectual property rights to the Work.
\\n\\nAll rights granted to IntechOpen in this Article are assignable, sublicensable or otherwise transferrable to third parties without the specific approval of the Author or Co-Authors.
\\n\\nThe Author, on his/her own behalf and on behalf of the Co-Authors, will not assert any rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to object to derogatory treatment of the Work as a consequence of IntechOpen's changes to the Work arising from the translation of it, corrections and edits for house style, removal of problematic material and other reasonable edits as determined by IntechOpen.
\\n\\nAUTHOR'S DUTIES
\\n\\nWhen distributing or re-publishing the Work, the Author agrees to credit the Monograph/Compacts as the source of first publication, as well as IntechOpen. The Author guarantees that Co-Authors will also credit the Monograph/Compacts as the source of first publication, as well as IntechOpen, when they are distributing or re-publishing the Work.
\\n\\nThe Author agrees to:
\\n\\nThe Author will be held responsible for the payment of the agreed Open Access Publishing Fee before the completion of the project (Monograph/Compacts publication).
\\n\\nAll payments shall be due 30 days from the date of issue of the invoice. The Author or whoever is paying on behalf of the Author and Co-Authors will bear all banking and similar charges incurred.
\\n\\nThe Author shall obtain in writing all consents necessary for the reproduction of any material in which a third-party right exists, including quotations, photographs and illustrations, in all editions of the Work worldwide for the full term of the above licenses, and shall provide to IntechOpen, at its request, the original copies of such consents for inspection or the photocopies of such consents.
\\n\\nThe Author shall obtain written informed consent for publication from those who might recognize themselves or be identified by others, for example from case reports or photographs.
\\n\\nThe Author shall respect confidentiality during and after the termination of this Agreement. The information contained in all correspondence and documents as part of the publishing activity between IntechOpen and the Author and Co-Authors are confidential and are intended only for the recipients. The contents of any communication may not be disclosed publicly and are not intended for unauthorized use or distribution. Any use, disclosure, copying, or distribution is prohibited and may be unlawful.
\\n\\nAUTHOR'S WARRANTY
\\n\\nThe Author and Co-Authors confirm and warrant that the Work does not and will not breach any applicable law or the rights of any third party and, specifically, that the Work contains no matter that is defamatory or that infringes any literary or proprietary rights, intellectual property rights, or any rights of privacy.
\\n\\nThe Author and Co-Authors confirm that: (i) the Work is their original work and is not copied wholly or substantially from any other work or material or any other source; (ii) the Work has not been formally published in any other peer-reviewed journal or in a book or edited collection, and is not under consideration for any such publication; (iii) Authors and any applicable Co-Authors are qualifying persons under section 154 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988; (iv) Authors and any applicable Co-Authors have not assigned, and will not during the term of this Publication Agreement purport to assign, any of the rights granted to IntechOpen under this Publication Agreement; and (v) the rights granted by this Publication Agreement are free from any security interest, option, mortgage, charge or lien.
\\n\\nThe Author and Co-Authors also confirm and warrant that: (i) he/she has the power to enter into this Publication Agreement on his or her own behalf and on behalf of each Co-Author; and (ii) has the necessary rights and/or title in and to the Work to grant IntechOpen, on behalf of themselves and any Co-Author, the rights and licences in this Publication Agreement. If the Work was prepared jointly by the Author and Co-Authors, the Author confirms that: (i) all Co-Authors agree to the submission, license and publication of the Work on the terms of this Publication Agreement; and (ii) the Author has the authority to enter into this biding Publication Agreement on behalf of each Co-Author. The Author shall: (i) ensure each Co-Author complies with all relevant provisions of this Publication Agreement, including those relating to confidentiality, performance and standards, as if a party to this Publication Agreement; and (ii) remain primarily liable for all acts and/or omissions of each Co-Author.
\\n\\nThe Author agrees to indemnify IntechOpen harmless against all liabilities, costs, expenses, damages and losses, as well as all reasonable legal costs and expenses suffered or incurred by IntechOpen arising out of, or in connection with, any breach of the agreed confirmations and warranties. This indemnity shall not apply in a situation in which a claim results from IntechOpen's negligence or willful misconduct.
\\n\\nNothing in this Publication Agreement shall have the effect of excluding or limiting any liability for death or personal injury caused by negligence or any other liability that cannot be excluded or limited by applicable law.
\\n\\nTERMINATION
\\n\\nIntechOpen has the right to terminate this Publication Agreement for quality, program, technical or other reasons with immediate effect, including without limitation (i) if the Author and/or any Co-Author commits a material breach of this Publication Agreement; (ii) if the Author and/or any Co-Author (being a private individual) is the subject of a bankruptcy petition, application or order; or (iii) if the Author and/or any Co-Author (as a corporate entity) commences negotiations with all or any class of its creditors with a view to rescheduling any of its debts, or makes a proposal for, or enters into, any compromise or arrangement with any of its creditors.
\\n\\nIn the event of termination, IntechOpen will notify the Author of the decision in writing.
\\n\\nIntechOpen’s DUTIES AND RIGHTS
\\n\\nUnless prevented from doing so by events beyond its reasonable control, IntechOpen, at its discretion, agrees to publish the Work attributing it to the Author and Co-Authors.
\\n\\nUnless prevented from doing so by events beyond its reasonable control, IntechOpen agrees to provide publishing services which include: managing editing (editorial and publishing process coordination, Author assistance); publishing software technology; language copyediting; typesetting; online publishing; hosting and web management; and abstracting and indexing services.
\\n\\nIntechOpen agrees to offer free online access to readers and use reasonable efforts to promote the Publication to relevant audiences.
\\n\\nIntechOpen is granted the authority to enforce the rights from this Publication Agreement on behalf of the Author and Co-Authors against third parties, for example in cases of plagiarism or copyright infringements. In respect of any such infringement or suspected infringement of the copyright in the Work, IntechOpen shall have absolute discretion in addressing any such infringement that is likely to affect IntechOpen's rights under this Publication Agreement, including issuing and conducting proceedings against the suspected infringer.
\\n\\nIntechOpen has the right to include/use the Author and Co-Authors names and likeness in connection with scientific dissemination, retrieval, archiving, web hosting and promotion and marketing of the Work and has the right to contact the Author and Co-Authors until the Work is publicly available on any platform owned and/or operated by IntechOpen.
\\n\\nMISCELLANEOUS
\\n\\nFurther Assurance: The Author shall ensure that any relevant third party, including any Co-Author, shall execute and deliver whatever further documents or deeds and perform such acts as IntechOpen reasonably requires from time to time for the purpose of giving IntechOpen the full benefit of the provisions of this Publication Agreement.
\\n\\nThird Party Rights: A person who is not a party to this Publication Agreement may not enforce any of its provisions under the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999.
\\n\\nEntire Agreement: This Publication Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties in relation to its subject matter. It replaces all prior agreements, draft agreements, arrangements, collateral warranties, collateral contracts, statements, assurances, representations and undertakings of any nature made by, or on behalf of, the parties, whether oral or written, in relation to that subject matter. Each party acknowledges that in entering into this Publication Agreement it has not relied upon any oral or written statements, collateral or other warranties, assurances, representations or undertakings which were made by or on behalf of the other party in relation to the subject matter of this Publication Agreement at any time before its signature (known as the "Pre-Contractual Statements"), other than those which are set out in this Publication Agreement. Each party hereby waives all rights and remedies which might otherwise be available to it in relation to such Pre-Contractual Statements. Nothing in this clause shall exclude or restrict the liability of either party arising out of any fraudulent pre-contract misrepresentation or concealment.
\\n\\nWaiver: No failure or delay by a party to exercise any right or remedy provided under this Publication Agreement or by law shall constitute a waiver of that or any other right or remedy, nor shall it preclude or restrict the further exercise of that or any other right or remedy. No single or partial exercise of such right or remedy shall preclude or restrict the further exercise of that or any other right or remedy.
\\n\\nVariation: No variation of this Publication Agreement shall have effect unless it is in writing and signed by the parties, or their duly authorized representatives.
\\n\\nSeverance: If any provision, or part-provision, of this Publication Agreement is, or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable, it shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it valid, legal and enforceable. If such modification is not possible, the relevant provision or part-provision shall be deemed deleted. Any modification to, or deletion of, a provision or part-provision under this clause shall not affect the validity and enforceability of the rest of this Publication Agreement.
\\n\\nNo partnership: Nothing in this Publication Agreement is intended to, or shall be deemed to, establish or create any partnership or joint venture or the relationship of principal and agent or employer and employee between IntechOpen and the Author or any Co-Author, nor authorize any party to make or enter into any commitments for, or on behalf of, any other party.
\\n\\nGoverning law: This Publication Agreement and any dispute or claim, including non-contractual disputes or claims arising out of, or in connection with it, or its subject matter or formation, shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of England and Wales. The parties submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the English courts to settle any dispute or claim arising out of, or in connection with, this Publication Agreement, including any non-contractual disputes or claims.
\\n\\nPolicy last updated: 2018-09-11
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'When submitting a manuscript, the Author is required to accept the Terms and Conditions set out in our Publication Agreement – Monographs/Compacts as follows:
\n\nCORRESPONDING AUTHOR'S GRANT OF RIGHTS
\n\nSubject to the following Article, the Author grants to IntechOpen, during the full term of copyright, and any extensions or renewals of that term, the following:
\n\nThe foregoing licenses shall survive the expiry or termination of this Publication Agreement for any reason.
\n\nThe Author, on his or her own behalf and on behalf of any of the Co-Authors, reserves the following rights in the Work but agrees not to exercise them in such a way as to adversely affect IntechOpen's ability to utilize the full benefit of this Publication Agreement: (i) reprographic rights worldwide, other than those which subsist in the typographical arrangement of the Work as published by IntechOpen; and (ii) public lending rights arising under the Public Lending Right Act 1979, as amended from time to time, and any similar rights arising in any part of the world.
\n\nThe Author, and any Co-Author, confirms that they are, and will remain, a member of any applicable licensing and collecting society and any successor to that body responsible for administering royalties for the reprographic reproduction of copyright works.
\n\nSubject to the license granted above, copyright in the Work and all versions of it created during IntechOpen's editing process, including all published versions, is retained by the Author and any Co-Authors.
\n\nSubject to the license granted above, the Author and Co-Authors retain patent, trademark and other intellectual property rights to the Work.
\n\nAll rights granted to IntechOpen in this Article are assignable, sublicensable or otherwise transferrable to third parties without the specific approval of the Author or Co-Authors.
\n\nThe Author, on his/her own behalf and on behalf of the Co-Authors, will not assert any rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to object to derogatory treatment of the Work as a consequence of IntechOpen's changes to the Work arising from the translation of it, corrections and edits for house style, removal of problematic material and other reasonable edits as determined by IntechOpen.
\n\nAUTHOR'S DUTIES
\n\nWhen distributing or re-publishing the Work, the Author agrees to credit the Monograph/Compacts as the source of first publication, as well as IntechOpen. The Author guarantees that Co-Authors will also credit the Monograph/Compacts as the source of first publication, as well as IntechOpen, when they are distributing or re-publishing the Work.
\n\nThe Author agrees to:
\n\nThe Author will be held responsible for the payment of the agreed Open Access Publishing Fee before the completion of the project (Monograph/Compacts publication).
\n\nAll payments shall be due 30 days from the date of issue of the invoice. The Author or whoever is paying on behalf of the Author and Co-Authors will bear all banking and similar charges incurred.
\n\nThe Author shall obtain in writing all consents necessary for the reproduction of any material in which a third-party right exists, including quotations, photographs and illustrations, in all editions of the Work worldwide for the full term of the above licenses, and shall provide to IntechOpen, at its request, the original copies of such consents for inspection or the photocopies of such consents.
\n\nThe Author shall obtain written informed consent for publication from those who might recognize themselves or be identified by others, for example from case reports or photographs.
\n\nThe Author shall respect confidentiality during and after the termination of this Agreement. The information contained in all correspondence and documents as part of the publishing activity between IntechOpen and the Author and Co-Authors are confidential and are intended only for the recipients. The contents of any communication may not be disclosed publicly and are not intended for unauthorized use or distribution. Any use, disclosure, copying, or distribution is prohibited and may be unlawful.
\n\nAUTHOR'S WARRANTY
\n\nThe Author and Co-Authors confirm and warrant that the Work does not and will not breach any applicable law or the rights of any third party and, specifically, that the Work contains no matter that is defamatory or that infringes any literary or proprietary rights, intellectual property rights, or any rights of privacy.
\n\nThe Author and Co-Authors confirm that: (i) the Work is their original work and is not copied wholly or substantially from any other work or material or any other source; (ii) the Work has not been formally published in any other peer-reviewed journal or in a book or edited collection, and is not under consideration for any such publication; (iii) Authors and any applicable Co-Authors are qualifying persons under section 154 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988; (iv) Authors and any applicable Co-Authors have not assigned, and will not during the term of this Publication Agreement purport to assign, any of the rights granted to IntechOpen under this Publication Agreement; and (v) the rights granted by this Publication Agreement are free from any security interest, option, mortgage, charge or lien.
\n\nThe Author and Co-Authors also confirm and warrant that: (i) he/she has the power to enter into this Publication Agreement on his or her own behalf and on behalf of each Co-Author; and (ii) has the necessary rights and/or title in and to the Work to grant IntechOpen, on behalf of themselves and any Co-Author, the rights and licences in this Publication Agreement. If the Work was prepared jointly by the Author and Co-Authors, the Author confirms that: (i) all Co-Authors agree to the submission, license and publication of the Work on the terms of this Publication Agreement; and (ii) the Author has the authority to enter into this biding Publication Agreement on behalf of each Co-Author. The Author shall: (i) ensure each Co-Author complies with all relevant provisions of this Publication Agreement, including those relating to confidentiality, performance and standards, as if a party to this Publication Agreement; and (ii) remain primarily liable for all acts and/or omissions of each Co-Author.
\n\nThe Author agrees to indemnify IntechOpen harmless against all liabilities, costs, expenses, damages and losses, as well as all reasonable legal costs and expenses suffered or incurred by IntechOpen arising out of, or in connection with, any breach of the agreed confirmations and warranties. This indemnity shall not apply in a situation in which a claim results from IntechOpen's negligence or willful misconduct.
\n\nNothing in this Publication Agreement shall have the effect of excluding or limiting any liability for death or personal injury caused by negligence or any other liability that cannot be excluded or limited by applicable law.
\n\nTERMINATION
\n\nIntechOpen has the right to terminate this Publication Agreement for quality, program, technical or other reasons with immediate effect, including without limitation (i) if the Author and/or any Co-Author commits a material breach of this Publication Agreement; (ii) if the Author and/or any Co-Author (being a private individual) is the subject of a bankruptcy petition, application or order; or (iii) if the Author and/or any Co-Author (as a corporate entity) commences negotiations with all or any class of its creditors with a view to rescheduling any of its debts, or makes a proposal for, or enters into, any compromise or arrangement with any of its creditors.
\n\nIn the event of termination, IntechOpen will notify the Author of the decision in writing.
\n\nIntechOpen’s DUTIES AND RIGHTS
\n\nUnless prevented from doing so by events beyond its reasonable control, IntechOpen, at its discretion, agrees to publish the Work attributing it to the Author and Co-Authors.
\n\nUnless prevented from doing so by events beyond its reasonable control, IntechOpen agrees to provide publishing services which include: managing editing (editorial and publishing process coordination, Author assistance); publishing software technology; language copyediting; typesetting; online publishing; hosting and web management; and abstracting and indexing services.
\n\nIntechOpen agrees to offer free online access to readers and use reasonable efforts to promote the Publication to relevant audiences.
\n\nIntechOpen is granted the authority to enforce the rights from this Publication Agreement on behalf of the Author and Co-Authors against third parties, for example in cases of plagiarism or copyright infringements. In respect of any such infringement or suspected infringement of the copyright in the Work, IntechOpen shall have absolute discretion in addressing any such infringement that is likely to affect IntechOpen's rights under this Publication Agreement, including issuing and conducting proceedings against the suspected infringer.
\n\nIntechOpen has the right to include/use the Author and Co-Authors names and likeness in connection with scientific dissemination, retrieval, archiving, web hosting and promotion and marketing of the Work and has the right to contact the Author and Co-Authors until the Work is publicly available on any platform owned and/or operated by IntechOpen.
\n\nMISCELLANEOUS
\n\nFurther Assurance: The Author shall ensure that any relevant third party, including any Co-Author, shall execute and deliver whatever further documents or deeds and perform such acts as IntechOpen reasonably requires from time to time for the purpose of giving IntechOpen the full benefit of the provisions of this Publication Agreement.
\n\nThird Party Rights: A person who is not a party to this Publication Agreement may not enforce any of its provisions under the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999.
\n\nEntire Agreement: This Publication Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties in relation to its subject matter. It replaces all prior agreements, draft agreements, arrangements, collateral warranties, collateral contracts, statements, assurances, representations and undertakings of any nature made by, or on behalf of, the parties, whether oral or written, in relation to that subject matter. Each party acknowledges that in entering into this Publication Agreement it has not relied upon any oral or written statements, collateral or other warranties, assurances, representations or undertakings which were made by or on behalf of the other party in relation to the subject matter of this Publication Agreement at any time before its signature (known as the "Pre-Contractual Statements"), other than those which are set out in this Publication Agreement. Each party hereby waives all rights and remedies which might otherwise be available to it in relation to such Pre-Contractual Statements. Nothing in this clause shall exclude or restrict the liability of either party arising out of any fraudulent pre-contract misrepresentation or concealment.
\n\nWaiver: No failure or delay by a party to exercise any right or remedy provided under this Publication Agreement or by law shall constitute a waiver of that or any other right or remedy, nor shall it preclude or restrict the further exercise of that or any other right or remedy. No single or partial exercise of such right or remedy shall preclude or restrict the further exercise of that or any other right or remedy.
\n\nVariation: No variation of this Publication Agreement shall have effect unless it is in writing and signed by the parties, or their duly authorized representatives.
\n\nSeverance: If any provision, or part-provision, of this Publication Agreement is, or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable, it shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it valid, legal and enforceable. If such modification is not possible, the relevant provision or part-provision shall be deemed deleted. Any modification to, or deletion of, a provision or part-provision under this clause shall not affect the validity and enforceability of the rest of this Publication Agreement.
\n\nNo partnership: Nothing in this Publication Agreement is intended to, or shall be deemed to, establish or create any partnership or joint venture or the relationship of principal and agent or employer and employee between IntechOpen and the Author or any Co-Author, nor authorize any party to make or enter into any commitments for, or on behalf of, any other party.
\n\nGoverning law: This Publication Agreement and any dispute or claim, including non-contractual disputes or claims arising out of, or in connection with it, or its subject matter or formation, shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of England and Wales. The parties submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the English courts to settle any dispute or claim arising out of, or in connection with, this Publication Agreement, including any non-contractual disputes or claims.
\n\nPolicy last updated: 2018-09-11
\n'}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{sort:"featured,name"},profiles:[{id:"6700",title:"Dr.",name:"Abbass A.",middleName:null,surname:"Hashim",slug:"abbass-a.-hashim",fullName:"Abbass A. Hashim",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/6700/images/1864_n.jpg",biography:"Currently I am carrying out research in several areas of interest, mainly covering work on chemical and bio-sensors, semiconductor thin film device fabrication and characterisation.\nAt the moment I have very strong interest in radiation environmental pollution and bacteriology treatment. The teams of researchers are working very hard to bring novel results in this field. I am also a member of the team in charge for the supervision of Ph.D. students in the fields of development of silicon based planar waveguide sensor devices, study of inelastic electron tunnelling in planar tunnelling nanostructures for sensing applications and development of organotellurium(IV) compounds for semiconductor applications. I am a specialist in data analysis techniques and nanosurface structure. I have served as the editor for many books, been a member of the editorial board in science journals, have published many papers and hold many patents.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sheffield Hallam University",country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},{id:"54525",title:"Prof.",name:"Abdul Latif",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"abdul-latif-ahmad",fullName:"Abdul Latif Ahmad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"20567",title:"Prof.",name:"Ado",middleName:null,surname:"Jorio",slug:"ado-jorio",fullName:"Ado Jorio",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"47940",title:"Dr.",name:"Alberto",middleName:null,surname:"Mantovani",slug:"alberto-mantovani",fullName:"Alberto Mantovani",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"12392",title:"Mr.",name:"Alex",middleName:null,surname:"Lazinica",slug:"alex-lazinica",fullName:"Alex Lazinica",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/12392/images/7282_n.png",biography:"Alex Lazinica is the founder and CEO of IntechOpen. After obtaining a Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering, he continued his PhD studies in Robotics at the Vienna University of Technology. Here he worked as a robotic researcher with the university's Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Group as well as a guest researcher at various European universities, including the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL). During this time he published more than 20 scientific papers, gave presentations, served as a reviewer for major robotic journals and conferences and most importantly he co-founded and built the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems- world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics. Starting this journal was a pivotal point in his career, since it was a pathway to founding IntechOpen - Open Access publisher focused on addressing academic researchers needs. Alex is a personification of IntechOpen key values being trusted, open and entrepreneurial. Today his focus is on defining the growth and development strategy for the company.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",middleName:null,surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/19816/images/1607_n.jpg",biography:"Alexander I. Kokorin: born: 1947, Moscow; DSc., PhD; Principal Research Fellow (Research Professor) of Department of Kinetics and Catalysis, N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.\r\nArea of research interests: physical chemistry of complex-organized molecular and nanosized systems, including polymer-metal complexes; the surface of doped oxide semiconductors. He is an expert in structural, absorptive, catalytic and photocatalytic properties, in structural organization and dynamic features of ionic liquids, in magnetic interactions between paramagnetic centers. The author or co-author of 3 books, over 200 articles and reviews in scientific journals and books. He is an actual member of the International EPR/ESR Society, European Society on Quantum Solar Energy Conversion, Moscow House of Scientists, of the Board of Moscow Physical Society.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics",country:{name:"Russia"}}},{id:"62389",title:"PhD.",name:"Ali Demir",middleName:null,surname:"Sezer",slug:"ali-demir-sezer",fullName:"Ali Demir Sezer",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/62389/images/3413_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Ali Demir Sezer has a Ph.D. from Pharmaceutical Biotechnology at the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Marmara (Turkey). He is the member of many Pharmaceutical Associations and acts as a reviewer of scientific journals and European projects under different research areas such as: drug delivery systems, nanotechnology and pharmaceutical biotechnology. Dr. Sezer is the author of many scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals and poster communications. Focus of his research activity is drug delivery, physico-chemical characterization and biological evaluation of biopolymers micro and nanoparticles as modified drug delivery system, and colloidal drug carriers (liposomes, nanoparticles etc.).",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Marmara University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"61051",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"100762",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"St David's Medical Center",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"107416",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"64434",title:"Dr.",name:"Angkoon",middleName:null,surname:"Phinyomark",slug:"angkoon-phinyomark",fullName:"Angkoon Phinyomark",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/64434/images/2619_n.jpg",biography:"My name is Angkoon Phinyomark. I received a B.Eng. degree in Computer Engineering with First Class Honors in 2008 from Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, where I received a Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering. My research interests are primarily in the area of biomedical signal processing and classification notably EMG (electromyography signal), EOG (electrooculography signal), and EEG (electroencephalography signal), image analysis notably breast cancer analysis and optical coherence tomography, and rehabilitation engineering. I became a student member of IEEE in 2008. During October 2011-March 2012, I had worked at School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom. In addition, during a B.Eng. I had been a visiting research student at Faculty of Computer Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain for three months.\n\nI have published over 40 papers during 5 years in refereed journals, books, and conference proceedings in the areas of electro-physiological signals processing and classification, notably EMG and EOG signals, fractal analysis, wavelet analysis, texture analysis, feature extraction and machine learning algorithms, and assistive and rehabilitative devices. I have several computer programming language certificates, i.e. Sun Certified Programmer for the Java 2 Platform 1.4 (SCJP), Microsoft Certified Professional Developer, Web Developer (MCPD), Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist, .NET Framework 2.0 Web (MCTS). I am a Reviewer for several refereed journals and international conferences, such as IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Optic Letters, Measurement Science Review, and also a member of the International Advisory Committee for 2012 IEEE Business Engineering and Industrial Applications and 2012 IEEE Symposium on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Joseph Fourier University",country:{name:"France"}}},{id:"55578",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Jurado-Navas",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",fullName:"Antonio Jurado-Navas",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/55578/images/4574_n.png",biography:"Antonio Jurado-Navas received the M.S. degree (2002) and the Ph.D. degree (2009) in Telecommunication Engineering, both from the University of Málaga (Spain). He first worked as a consultant at Vodafone-Spain. From 2004 to 2011, he was a Research Assistant with the Communications Engineering Department at the University of Málaga. In 2011, he became an Assistant Professor in the same department. From 2012 to 2015, he was with Ericsson Spain, where he was working on geo-location\ntools for third generation mobile networks. Since 2015, he is a Marie-Curie fellow at the Denmark Technical University. His current research interests include the areas of mobile communication systems and channel modeling in addition to atmospheric optical communications, adaptive optics and statistics",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Malaga",country:{name:"Spain"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:5763},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:5227},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:1717},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:10365},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:897},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:15784}],offset:12,limit:12,total:118187},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{hasNoEditors:"0",sort:"ebgfFaeGuveeFgfcChcyvfu"},books:[],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:14},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:15},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:5},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:28},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Technology",value:24,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:1}],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"9385",title:"Renewable Energy",subtitle:"Technologies and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a6b446d19166f17f313008e6c056f3d8",slug:"renewable-energy-technologies-and-applications",bookSignature:"Tolga Taner, Archana Tiwari and Taha Selim Ustun",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9385.jpg",editors:[{id:"197240",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Tolga",middleName:null,surname:"Taner",slug:"tolga-taner",fullName:"Tolga Taner"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"186791",title:"Dr.",name:"Archana",middleName:null,surname:"Tiwari",slug:"archana-tiwari",fullName:"Archana Tiwari",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/186791/images/system/186791.jpg",biography:"Dr. Archana Tiwari is Associate Professor at Amity University, India. Her research interests include renewable sources of energy from microalgae and further utilizing the residual biomass for the generation of value-added products, bioremediation through microalgae and microbial consortium, antioxidative enzymes and stress, and nutraceuticals from microalgae. She has been working on algal biotechnology for the last two decades. She has published her research in many international journals and has authored many books and chapters with renowned publishing houses. She has also delivered talks as an invited speaker at many national and international conferences. Dr. Tiwari is the recipient of several awards including Researcher of the Year and Distinguished Scientist.",institutionString:"Amity University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Amity University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}},equalEditorTwo:{id:"197609",title:"Prof.",name:"Taha Selim",middleName:null,surname:"Ustun",slug:"taha-selim-ustun",fullName:"Taha Selim Ustun",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/197609/images/system/197609.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Taha Selim Ustun received a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. He is a researcher with the Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA), where he leads the Smart Grid Cybersecurity Laboratory. Prior to that, he was a faculty member with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. His current research interests include power systems protection, communication in power networks, distributed generation, microgrids, electric vehicle integration, and cybersecurity in smart grids. He serves on the editorial boards of IEEE Access, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Energies, Electronics, Electricity, World Electric Vehicle and Information journals. Dr. Ustun is a member of the IEEE 2004 and 2800, IEC Renewable Energy Management WG 8, and IEC TC 57 WG17. He has been invited to run specialist courses in Africa, India, and China. He has delivered talks for the Qatar Foundation, the World Energy Council, the Waterloo Global Science Initiative, and the European Union Energy Initiative (EUEI). His research has attracted funding from prestigious programs in Japan, Australia, the European Union, and North America.",institutionString:"Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA)",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8985",title:"Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5c2e219a6c021a40b5a20c041dea88c4",slug:"natural-resources-management-and-biological-sciences",bookSignature:"Edward R. Rhodes and Humood Naser",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8985.jpg",editors:[{id:"280886",title:"Prof.",name:"Edward R",middleName:null,surname:"Rhodes",slug:"edward-r-rhodes",fullName:"Edward R Rhodes"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9027",title:"Human Blood Group Systems and Haemoglobinopathies",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d00d8e40b11cfb2547d1122866531c7e",slug:"human-blood-group-systems-and-haemoglobinopathies",bookSignature:"Osaro Erhabor and Anjana Munshi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9027.jpg",editors:[{id:"35140",title:null,name:"Osaro",middleName:null,surname:"Erhabor",slug:"osaro-erhabor",fullName:"Osaro Erhabor"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7841",title:"New Insights Into Metabolic Syndrome",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ef5accfac9772b9e2c9eff884f085510",slug:"new-insights-into-metabolic-syndrome",bookSignature:"Akikazu Takada",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7841.jpg",editors:[{id:"248459",title:"Dr.",name:"Akikazu",middleName:null,surname:"Takada",slug:"akikazu-takada",fullName:"Akikazu Takada"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8558",title:"Aerodynamics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"db7263fc198dfb539073ba0260a7f1aa",slug:"aerodynamics",bookSignature:"Mofid Gorji-Bandpy and Aly-Mousaad Aly",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8558.jpg",editors:[{id:"35542",title:"Prof.",name:"Mofid",middleName:null,surname:"Gorji-Bandpy",slug:"mofid-gorji-bandpy",fullName:"Mofid Gorji-Bandpy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9668",title:"Chemistry and Biochemistry of Winemaking, Wine Stabilization and Aging",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c5484276a314628acf21ec1bdc3a86b9",slug:"chemistry-and-biochemistry-of-winemaking-wine-stabilization-and-aging",bookSignature:"Fernanda Cosme, Fernando M. Nunes and Luís Filipe-Ribeiro",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9668.jpg",editors:[{id:"186819",title:"Prof.",name:"Fernanda",middleName:null,surname:"Cosme",slug:"fernanda-cosme",fullName:"Fernanda Cosme"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7847",title:"Medical Toxicology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"db9b65bea093de17a0855a1b27046247",slug:"medical-toxicology",bookSignature:"Pınar Erkekoglu and Tomohisa Ogawa",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7847.jpg",editors:[{id:"109978",title:"Prof.",name:"Pınar",middleName:null,surname:"Erkekoglu",slug:"pinar-erkekoglu",fullName:"Pınar Erkekoglu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8620",title:"Mining Techniques",subtitle:"Past, Present and Future",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b65658f81d14e9e57e49377869d3a575",slug:"mining-techniques-past-present-and-future",bookSignature:"Abhay Soni",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8620.jpg",editors:[{id:"271093",title:"Dr.",name:"Abhay",middleName:null,surname:"Soni",slug:"abhay-soni",fullName:"Abhay Soni"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9660",title:"Inland Waters",subtitle:"Dynamics and Ecology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"975c26819ceb11a926793bc2adc62bd6",slug:"inland-waters-dynamics-and-ecology",bookSignature:"Adam Devlin, Jiayi Pan and Mohammad Manjur Shah",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9660.jpg",editors:[{id:"280757",title:"Dr.",name:"Adam",middleName:"Thomas",surname:"Devlin",slug:"adam-devlin",fullName:"Adam Devlin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9122",title:"Cosmetic Surgery",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"207026ca4a4125e17038e770d00ee152",slug:"cosmetic-surgery",bookSignature:"Yueh-Bih Tang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9122.jpg",editors:[{id:"202122",title:"Prof.",name:"Yueh-Bih",middleName:null,surname:"Tang",slug:"yueh-bih-tang",fullName:"Yueh-Bih Tang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9043",title:"Parenting",subtitle:"Studies by an Ecocultural and Transactional Perspective",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6d21066c7438e459e4c6fb13217a5c8c",slug:"parenting-studies-by-an-ecocultural-and-transactional-perspective",bookSignature:"Loredana Benedetto and Massimo Ingrassia",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9043.jpg",editors:[{id:"193200",title:"Prof.",name:"Loredana",middleName:null,surname:"Benedetto",slug:"loredana-benedetto",fullName:"Loredana Benedetto"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9731",title:"Oxidoreductase",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"852e6f862c85fc3adecdbaf822e64e6e",slug:"oxidoreductase",bookSignature:"Mahmoud Ahmed Mansour",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9731.jpg",editors:[{id:"224662",title:"Prof.",name:"Mahmoud Ahmed",middleName:null,surname:"Mansour",slug:"mahmoud-ahmed-mansour",fullName:"Mahmoud Ahmed Mansour"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:5221},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"9385",title:"Renewable Energy",subtitle:"Technologies and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a6b446d19166f17f313008e6c056f3d8",slug:"renewable-energy-technologies-and-applications",bookSignature:"Tolga Taner, Archana Tiwari and Taha Selim Ustun",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9385.jpg",editors:[{id:"197240",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Tolga",middleName:null,surname:"Taner",slug:"tolga-taner",fullName:"Tolga Taner"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"186791",title:"Dr.",name:"Archana",middleName:null,surname:"Tiwari",slug:"archana-tiwari",fullName:"Archana Tiwari",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/186791/images/system/186791.jpg",biography:"Dr. Archana Tiwari is Associate Professor at Amity University, India. Her research interests include renewable sources of energy from microalgae and further utilizing the residual biomass for the generation of value-added products, bioremediation through microalgae and microbial consortium, antioxidative enzymes and stress, and nutraceuticals from microalgae. She has been working on algal biotechnology for the last two decades. She has published her research in many international journals and has authored many books and chapters with renowned publishing houses. She has also delivered talks as an invited speaker at many national and international conferences. Dr. Tiwari is the recipient of several awards including Researcher of the Year and Distinguished Scientist.",institutionString:"Amity University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Amity University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}},equalEditorTwo:{id:"197609",title:"Prof.",name:"Taha Selim",middleName:null,surname:"Ustun",slug:"taha-selim-ustun",fullName:"Taha Selim Ustun",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/197609/images/system/197609.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Taha Selim Ustun received a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. He is a researcher with the Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA), where he leads the Smart Grid Cybersecurity Laboratory. Prior to that, he was a faculty member with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. His current research interests include power systems protection, communication in power networks, distributed generation, microgrids, electric vehicle integration, and cybersecurity in smart grids. He serves on the editorial boards of IEEE Access, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Energies, Electronics, Electricity, World Electric Vehicle and Information journals. Dr. Ustun is a member of the IEEE 2004 and 2800, IEC Renewable Energy Management WG 8, and IEC TC 57 WG17. He has been invited to run specialist courses in Africa, India, and China. He has delivered talks for the Qatar Foundation, the World Energy Council, the Waterloo Global Science Initiative, and the European Union Energy Initiative (EUEI). His research has attracted funding from prestigious programs in Japan, Australia, the European Union, and North America.",institutionString:"Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA)",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8985",title:"Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5c2e219a6c021a40b5a20c041dea88c4",slug:"natural-resources-management-and-biological-sciences",bookSignature:"Edward R. Rhodes and Humood Naser",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8985.jpg",editors:[{id:"280886",title:"Prof.",name:"Edward R",middleName:null,surname:"Rhodes",slug:"edward-r-rhodes",fullName:"Edward R Rhodes"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9027",title:"Human Blood Group Systems and Haemoglobinopathies",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d00d8e40b11cfb2547d1122866531c7e",slug:"human-blood-group-systems-and-haemoglobinopathies",bookSignature:"Osaro Erhabor and Anjana Munshi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9027.jpg",editors:[{id:"35140",title:null,name:"Osaro",middleName:null,surname:"Erhabor",slug:"osaro-erhabor",fullName:"Osaro Erhabor"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7841",title:"New Insights Into Metabolic Syndrome",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ef5accfac9772b9e2c9eff884f085510",slug:"new-insights-into-metabolic-syndrome",bookSignature:"Akikazu Takada",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7841.jpg",editors:[{id:"248459",title:"Dr.",name:"Akikazu",middleName:null,surname:"Takada",slug:"akikazu-takada",fullName:"Akikazu Takada"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8558",title:"Aerodynamics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"db7263fc198dfb539073ba0260a7f1aa",slug:"aerodynamics",bookSignature:"Mofid Gorji-Bandpy and Aly-Mousaad Aly",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8558.jpg",editors:[{id:"35542",title:"Prof.",name:"Mofid",middleName:null,surname:"Gorji-Bandpy",slug:"mofid-gorji-bandpy",fullName:"Mofid Gorji-Bandpy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9668",title:"Chemistry and Biochemistry of Winemaking, Wine Stabilization and Aging",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c5484276a314628acf21ec1bdc3a86b9",slug:"chemistry-and-biochemistry-of-winemaking-wine-stabilization-and-aging",bookSignature:"Fernanda Cosme, Fernando M. Nunes and Luís Filipe-Ribeiro",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9668.jpg",editors:[{id:"186819",title:"Prof.",name:"Fernanda",middleName:null,surname:"Cosme",slug:"fernanda-cosme",fullName:"Fernanda Cosme"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7847",title:"Medical Toxicology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"db9b65bea093de17a0855a1b27046247",slug:"medical-toxicology",bookSignature:"Pınar Erkekoglu and Tomohisa Ogawa",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7847.jpg",editors:[{id:"109978",title:"Prof.",name:"Pınar",middleName:null,surname:"Erkekoglu",slug:"pinar-erkekoglu",fullName:"Pınar Erkekoglu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8620",title:"Mining Techniques",subtitle:"Past, Present and Future",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b65658f81d14e9e57e49377869d3a575",slug:"mining-techniques-past-present-and-future",bookSignature:"Abhay Soni",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8620.jpg",editors:[{id:"271093",title:"Dr.",name:"Abhay",middleName:null,surname:"Soni",slug:"abhay-soni",fullName:"Abhay Soni"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9660",title:"Inland Waters",subtitle:"Dynamics and Ecology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"975c26819ceb11a926793bc2adc62bd6",slug:"inland-waters-dynamics-and-ecology",bookSignature:"Adam Devlin, Jiayi Pan and Mohammad Manjur Shah",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9660.jpg",editors:[{id:"280757",title:"Dr.",name:"Adam",middleName:"Thomas",surname:"Devlin",slug:"adam-devlin",fullName:"Adam Devlin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9122",title:"Cosmetic Surgery",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"207026ca4a4125e17038e770d00ee152",slug:"cosmetic-surgery",bookSignature:"Yueh-Bih Tang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9122.jpg",editors:[{id:"202122",title:"Prof.",name:"Yueh-Bih",middleName:null,surname:"Tang",slug:"yueh-bih-tang",fullName:"Yueh-Bih Tang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"9550",title:"Entrepreneurship",subtitle:"Contemporary Issues",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9b4ac1ee5b743abf6f88495452b1e5e7",slug:"entrepreneurship-contemporary-issues",bookSignature:"Mladen Turuk",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9550.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"319755",title:"Prof.",name:"Mladen",middleName:null,surname:"Turuk",slug:"mladen-turuk",fullName:"Mladen Turuk"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10065",title:"Wavelet Theory",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d8868e332169597ba2182d9b004d60de",slug:"wavelet-theory",bookSignature:"Somayeh Mohammady",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10065.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"109280",title:"Dr.",name:"Somayeh",middleName:null,surname:"Mohammady",slug:"somayeh-mohammady",fullName:"Somayeh Mohammady"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9313",title:"Clay Science and Technology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6fa7e70396ff10620e032bb6cfa6fb72",slug:"clay-science-and-technology",bookSignature:"Gustavo Morari Do Nascimento",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9313.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"7153",title:"Prof.",name:"Gustavo",middleName:null,surname:"Morari Do Nascimento",slug:"gustavo-morari-do-nascimento",fullName:"Gustavo Morari Do Nascimento"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9888",title:"Nuclear Power Plants",subtitle:"The Processes from the Cradle to the Grave",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c2c8773e586f62155ab8221ebb72a849",slug:"nuclear-power-plants-the-processes-from-the-cradle-to-the-grave",bookSignature:"Nasser Awwad",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9888.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"145209",title:"Prof.",name:"Nasser",middleName:"S",surname:"Awwad",slug:"nasser-awwad",fullName:"Nasser Awwad"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8098",title:"Resources of Water",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d251652996624d932ef7b8ed62cf7cfc",slug:"resources-of-water",bookSignature:"Prathna Thanjavur Chandrasekaran, Muhammad Salik Javaid, Aftab Sadiq",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8098.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"167917",title:"Dr.",name:"Prathna",middleName:null,surname:"Thanjavur Chandrasekaran",slug:"prathna-thanjavur-chandrasekaran",fullName:"Prathna Thanjavur Chandrasekaran"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9644",title:"Glaciers and the Polar Environment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e8cfdc161794e3753ced54e6ff30873b",slug:"glaciers-and-the-polar-environment",bookSignature:"Masaki Kanao, Danilo Godone and Niccolò Dematteis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9644.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"51959",title:"Dr.",name:"Masaki",middleName:null,surname:"Kanao",slug:"masaki-kanao",fullName:"Masaki Kanao"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10432",title:"Casting Processes and Modelling of Metallic Materials",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2c5c9df938666bf5d1797727db203a6d",slug:"casting-processes-and-modelling-of-metallic-materials",bookSignature:"Zakaria Abdallah and Nada Aldoumani",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10432.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"201670",title:"Dr.",name:"Zak",middleName:null,surname:"Abdallah",slug:"zak-abdallah",fullName:"Zak Abdallah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9671",title:"Macrophages",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"03b00fdc5f24b71d1ecdfd75076bfde6",slug:"macrophages",bookSignature:"Hridayesh Prakash",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9671.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"287184",title:"Dr.",name:"Hridayesh",middleName:null,surname:"Prakash",slug:"hridayesh-prakash",fullName:"Hridayesh Prakash"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8415",title:"Extremophilic Microbes and Metabolites",subtitle:"Diversity, Bioprospecting and Biotechnological Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"93e0321bc93b89ff73730157738f8f97",slug:"extremophilic-microbes-and-metabolites-diversity-bioprospecting-and-biotechnological-applications",bookSignature:"Afef Najjari, Ameur Cherif, Haïtham Sghaier and Hadda Imene Ouzari",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8415.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"196823",title:"Dr.",name:"Afef",middleName:null,surname:"Najjari",slug:"afef-najjari",fullName:"Afef Najjari"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9731",title:"Oxidoreductase",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"852e6f862c85fc3adecdbaf822e64e6e",slug:"oxidoreductase",bookSignature:"Mahmoud Ahmed Mansour",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9731.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"224662",title:"Prof.",name:"Mahmoud Ahmed",middleName:null,surname:"Mansour",slug:"mahmoud-ahmed-mansour",fullName:"Mahmoud Ahmed Mansour"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"343",title:"Seed Technology",slug:"horticulture-seed-technology",parent:{title:"Horticulture",slug:"horticulture"},numberOfBooks:1,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:27,numberOfWosCitations:24,numberOfCrossrefCitations:33,numberOfDimensionsCitations:82,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicSlug:"horticulture-seed-technology",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"5218",title:"New Challenges in Seed Biology",subtitle:"Basic and Translational Research Driving Seed Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"cbdf379c83007e5a7341c51bcd02db9a",slug:"new-challenges-in-seed-biology-basic-and-translational-research-driving-seed-technology",bookSignature:"Susana Araujo and Alma Balestrazzi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5218.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"156799",title:"Dr.",name:"Susana",middleName:null,surname:"Araújo",slug:"susana-araujo",fullName:"Susana Araújo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:1,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"51934",doi:"10.5772/64420",title:"Seed Priming: New Comprehensive Approaches for an Old Empirical Technique",slug:"seed-priming-new-comprehensive-approaches-for-an-old-empirical-technique",totalDownloads:6323,totalCrossrefCites:21,totalDimensionsCites:56,book:{slug:"new-challenges-in-seed-biology-basic-and-translational-research-driving-seed-technology",title:"New Challenges in Seed Biology",fullTitle:"New Challenges in Seed Biology - Basic and Translational Research Driving Seed Technology"},signatures:"Stanley Lutts, Paolo Benincasa, Lukasz Wojtyla, Szymon Kubala S,\nRoberta Pace, Katzarina Lechowska, Muriel Quinet and Malgorzata\nGarnczarska",authors:[{id:"94090",title:"Prof.",name:"Stanley",middleName:null,surname:"Lutts",slug:"stanley-lutts",fullName:"Stanley Lutts"},{id:"181730",title:"Prof.",name:"Paolo",middleName:null,surname:"Benincasa",slug:"paolo-benincasa",fullName:"Paolo Benincasa"},{id:"181732",title:"Dr.",name:"Lukasz",middleName:null,surname:"Wojtyla",slug:"lukasz-wojtyla",fullName:"Lukasz Wojtyla"},{id:"181733",title:"Dr.",name:"Szymon",middleName:null,surname:"Kubala",slug:"szymon-kubala",fullName:"Szymon Kubala"},{id:"181734",title:"Mrs.",name:"Katzzarina",middleName:null,surname:"Lechowska",slug:"katzzarina-lechowska",fullName:"Katzzarina Lechowska"},{id:"181735",title:"Dr.",name:"Muriel",middleName:null,surname:"Quinet",slug:"muriel-quinet",fullName:"Muriel Quinet"},{id:"181736",title:"Prof.",name:"Malgorzata",middleName:null,surname:"Garnczarska",slug:"malgorzata-garnczarska",fullName:"Malgorzata Garnczarska"}]},{id:"51881",doi:"10.5772/64791",title:"Recent Advances in Seed Enhancements",slug:"recent-advances-in-seed-enhancements",totalDownloads:3825,totalCrossrefCites:7,totalDimensionsCites:13,book:{slug:"new-challenges-in-seed-biology-basic-and-translational-research-driving-seed-technology",title:"New Challenges in Seed Biology",fullTitle:"New Challenges in Seed Biology - Basic and Translational Research Driving Seed Technology"},signatures:"Irfan Afzal, Hafeez Ur Rehman, Muhammad Naveed and Shahzad\nMaqsood Ahmed Basra",authors:[{id:"180245",title:"Dr.",name:"Irfan",middleName:null,surname:"Afzal",slug:"irfan-afzal",fullName:"Irfan Afzal"}]},{id:"51743",doi:"10.5772/64466",title:"Effects of Some Hormone Applications on Germination and Morphological Characters of Endangered Plant Species Lilium artvinense L. Seeds",slug:"effects-of-some-hormone-applications-on-germination-and-morphological-characters-of-endangered-plant",totalDownloads:1533,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:5,book:{slug:"new-challenges-in-seed-biology-basic-and-translational-research-driving-seed-technology",title:"New Challenges in Seed Biology",fullTitle:"New Challenges in Seed Biology - Basic and Translational Research Driving Seed Technology"},signatures:"Kerim Guney, Mehmet Cetin, Hakan Sevik and Kudret Betül Güney",authors:[{id:"93082",title:"Dr.",name:"Hakan",middleName:null,surname:"Sevik",slug:"hakan-sevik",fullName:"Hakan Sevik"},{id:"166881",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Mehmet",middleName:null,surname:"Cetin",slug:"mehmet-cetin",fullName:"Mehmet Cetin"},{id:"181104",title:"Prof.",name:"Kerim",middleName:null,surname:"Guney",slug:"kerim-guney",fullName:"Kerim Guney"},{id:"181105",title:"Dr.",name:"Kudret Betül",middleName:null,surname:"Güney",slug:"kudret-betul-guney",fullName:"Kudret Betül Güney"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"51934",title:"Seed Priming: New Comprehensive Approaches for an Old Empirical Technique",slug:"seed-priming-new-comprehensive-approaches-for-an-old-empirical-technique",totalDownloads:6319,totalCrossrefCites:21,totalDimensionsCites:56,book:{slug:"new-challenges-in-seed-biology-basic-and-translational-research-driving-seed-technology",title:"New Challenges in Seed Biology",fullTitle:"New Challenges in Seed Biology - Basic and Translational Research Driving Seed Technology"},signatures:"Stanley Lutts, Paolo Benincasa, Lukasz Wojtyla, Szymon Kubala S,\nRoberta Pace, Katzarina Lechowska, Muriel Quinet and Malgorzata\nGarnczarska",authors:[{id:"94090",title:"Prof.",name:"Stanley",middleName:null,surname:"Lutts",slug:"stanley-lutts",fullName:"Stanley Lutts"},{id:"181730",title:"Prof.",name:"Paolo",middleName:null,surname:"Benincasa",slug:"paolo-benincasa",fullName:"Paolo Benincasa"},{id:"181732",title:"Dr.",name:"Lukasz",middleName:null,surname:"Wojtyla",slug:"lukasz-wojtyla",fullName:"Lukasz Wojtyla"},{id:"181733",title:"Dr.",name:"Szymon",middleName:null,surname:"Kubala",slug:"szymon-kubala",fullName:"Szymon Kubala"},{id:"181734",title:"Mrs.",name:"Katzzarina",middleName:null,surname:"Lechowska",slug:"katzzarina-lechowska",fullName:"Katzzarina Lechowska"},{id:"181735",title:"Dr.",name:"Muriel",middleName:null,surname:"Quinet",slug:"muriel-quinet",fullName:"Muriel Quinet"},{id:"181736",title:"Prof.",name:"Malgorzata",middleName:null,surname:"Garnczarska",slug:"malgorzata-garnczarska",fullName:"Malgorzata Garnczarska"}]},{id:"51881",title:"Recent Advances in Seed Enhancements",slug:"recent-advances-in-seed-enhancements",totalDownloads:3823,totalCrossrefCites:7,totalDimensionsCites:13,book:{slug:"new-challenges-in-seed-biology-basic-and-translational-research-driving-seed-technology",title:"New Challenges in Seed Biology",fullTitle:"New Challenges in Seed Biology - Basic and Translational Research Driving Seed Technology"},signatures:"Irfan Afzal, Hafeez Ur Rehman, Muhammad Naveed and Shahzad\nMaqsood Ahmed Basra",authors:[{id:"180245",title:"Dr.",name:"Irfan",middleName:null,surname:"Afzal",slug:"irfan-afzal",fullName:"Irfan Afzal"}]},{id:"52197",title:"Postharvesting Techniques and Maintenance of Seed Quality",slug:"postharvesting-techniques-and-maintenance-of-seed-quality",totalDownloads:2068,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,book:{slug:"new-challenges-in-seed-biology-basic-and-translational-research-driving-seed-technology",title:"New Challenges in Seed Biology",fullTitle:"New Challenges in Seed Biology - Basic and Translational Research Driving Seed Technology"},signatures:"Zubaida Yousaf, Nadia Saleh, Asba Ramazan and Arusa Aftab",authors:[{id:"180675",title:"Dr.",name:"Zubaida",middleName:null,surname:"Yousaf",slug:"zubaida-yousaf",fullName:"Zubaida Yousaf"}]},{id:"51743",title:"Effects of Some Hormone Applications on Germination and Morphological Characters of Endangered Plant Species Lilium artvinense L. Seeds",slug:"effects-of-some-hormone-applications-on-germination-and-morphological-characters-of-endangered-plant",totalDownloads:1532,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:5,book:{slug:"new-challenges-in-seed-biology-basic-and-translational-research-driving-seed-technology",title:"New Challenges in Seed Biology",fullTitle:"New Challenges in Seed Biology - Basic and Translational Research Driving Seed Technology"},signatures:"Kerim Guney, Mehmet Cetin, Hakan Sevik and Kudret Betül Güney",authors:[{id:"93082",title:"Dr.",name:"Hakan",middleName:null,surname:"Sevik",slug:"hakan-sevik",fullName:"Hakan Sevik"},{id:"166881",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Mehmet",middleName:null,surname:"Cetin",slug:"mehmet-cetin",fullName:"Mehmet Cetin"},{id:"181104",title:"Prof.",name:"Kerim",middleName:null,surname:"Guney",slug:"kerim-guney",fullName:"Kerim Guney"},{id:"181105",title:"Dr.",name:"Kudret Betül",middleName:null,surname:"Güney",slug:"kudret-betul-guney",fullName:"Kudret Betül Güney"}]},{id:"51388",title:"Seed Germination Technologies for Helophyte Production Used in Wastewater Treatment",slug:"seed-germination-technologies-for-helophyte-production-used-in-wastewater-treatment",totalDownloads:1178,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,book:{slug:"new-challenges-in-seed-biology-basic-and-translational-research-driving-seed-technology",title:"New Challenges in Seed Biology",fullTitle:"New Challenges in Seed Biology - Basic and Translational Research Driving Seed Technology"},signatures:"Trinidad Ruiz-Téllez, Francisco M. Vázquez-Pardo, José Blanco-Salas\nand F. Javier Carbonell-Espín",authors:[{id:"180723",title:"Prof.",name:"Trinidad",middleName:null,surname:"Ruiz Téllez",slug:"trinidad-ruiz-tellez",fullName:"Trinidad Ruiz Téllez"},{id:"181957",title:"Dr.",name:"José",middleName:null,surname:"Blanco Salas",slug:"jose-blanco-salas",fullName:"José Blanco Salas"},{id:"181958",title:"Mr.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Carbonell Espín",slug:"javier-carbonell-espin",fullName:"Javier Carbonell Espín"},{id:"181959",title:"Dr.",name:"Francisco María",middleName:null,surname:"Vázquez Pardo",slug:"francisco-maria-vazquez-pardo",fullName:"Francisco María Vázquez Pardo"}]},{id:"51642",title:"Designing Novel Breeding Strategies for Producing High-Oil Crops Based on a Molecular Understanding of Triacylglycerol Metabolism",slug:"designing-novel-breeding-strategies-for-producing-high-oil-crops-based-on-a-molecular-understanding-",totalDownloads:1398,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"new-challenges-in-seed-biology-basic-and-translational-research-driving-seed-technology",title:"New Challenges in Seed Biology",fullTitle:"New Challenges in Seed Biology - Basic and Translational Research Driving Seed Technology"},signatures:"Masatake Kanai, Shoji Mano, Makoto Hayashi and Mikio Nishimura",authors:[{id:"124407",title:"Dr.",name:"Shoji",middleName:null,surname:"Mano",slug:"shoji-mano",fullName:"Shoji Mano"},{id:"124408",title:"Prof.",name:"Mikio",middleName:null,surname:"Nishimura",slug:"mikio-nishimura",fullName:"Mikio Nishimura"},{id:"181879",title:"Dr.",name:"Masatake",middleName:null,surname:"Kanai",slug:"masatake-kanai",fullName:"Masatake Kanai"},{id:"181882",title:"Prof.",name:"Makoto",middleName:null,surname:"Hayashi",slug:"makoto-hayashi",fullName:"Makoto Hayashi"}]},{id:"52023",title:"Signaling Patterns of Reactive Oxygen Species and Phytohormones During Transition Period of Quiescent Seeds into Metabolically Active Organisms",slug:"signaling-patterns-of-reactive-oxygen-species-and-phytohormones-during-transition-period-of-quiescen",totalDownloads:1319,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:2,book:{slug:"new-challenges-in-seed-biology-basic-and-translational-research-driving-seed-technology",title:"New Challenges in Seed Biology",fullTitle:"New Challenges in Seed Biology - Basic and Translational Research Driving Seed Technology"},signatures:"Prabhakaran Soundararajan, Abinaya Manivannan and Byoung\nRyong Jeong",authors:[{id:"180921",title:"Prof.",name:"Byoung Ryong",middleName:null,surname:"Jeong",slug:"byoung-ryong-jeong",fullName:"Byoung Ryong Jeong"},{id:"182193",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Prabhakaran",middleName:null,surname:"Soundararajan",slug:"prabhakaran-soundararajan",fullName:"Prabhakaran Soundararajan"},{id:"185493",title:"Dr.",name:"Abinaya",middleName:null,surname:"Manivannan",slug:"abinaya-manivannan",fullName:"Abinaya Manivannan"}]},{id:"51923",title:"The Dynamics of Plant Cell Wall In Muro Modifications and its Physiological Implications on Seed Germination",slug:"the-dynamics-of-plant-cell-wall-in-muro-modifications-and-its-physiological-implications-on-seed-ger",totalDownloads:961,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:4,book:{slug:"new-challenges-in-seed-biology-basic-and-translational-research-driving-seed-technology",title:"New Challenges in Seed Biology",fullTitle:"New Challenges in Seed Biology - Basic and Translational Research Driving Seed Technology"},signatures:"Ximena Gómez‐Maqueo and Alicia Gamboa‐deBuen",authors:[{id:"115057",title:"Dr.",name:"Alicia",middleName:null,surname:"Gamboa-De Buen",slug:"alicia-gamboa-de-buen",fullName:"Alicia Gamboa-De Buen"},{id:"181871",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Ximena",middleName:null,surname:"Gómez-Maqueo",slug:"ximena-gomez-maqueo",fullName:"Ximena Gómez-Maqueo"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicSlug:"horticulture-seed-technology",limit:3,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10176",title:"Microgrids and Local Energy Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"c32b4a5351a88f263074b0d0ca813a9c",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Nick Jenkins",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10176.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"55219",title:"Prof.",name:"Nick",middleName:null,surname:"Jenkins",slug:"nick-jenkins",fullName:"Nick Jenkins"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:8,limit:8,total:1},route:{name:"profile.detail",path:"/profiles/116007/jean-louis-doualan",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"116007",slug:"jean-louis-doualan"},fullPath:"/profiles/116007/jean-louis-doualan",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()