A list of snake species of the Alkaleri, Kaltungo and Karim Lamido North-Eastern Nigeria.
\\n\\n
IntechOpen was founded by scientists, for scientists, in order to make book publishing accessible around the globe. Over the last two decades, this has driven Open Access (OA) book publishing whilst levelling the playing field for global academics. Through our innovative publishing model and the support of the research community, we have now published over 5,700 Open Access books and are visited online by over three million academics every month. These researchers are increasingly working in broad technology-based subjects, driving multidisciplinary academic endeavours into human health, environment, and technology.
\\n\\nBy listening to our community, and in order to serve these rapidly growing areas which lie at the core of IntechOpen's expertise, we are launching a portfolio of Open Science journals:
\\n\\nAll three journals will publish under an Open Access model and embrace Open Science policies to help support the changing needs of academics in these fast-moving research areas. There will be direct links to preprint servers and data repositories, allowing full reproducibility and rapid dissemination of published papers to help accelerate the pace of research. Each journal has renowned Editors in Chief who will work alongside a global Editorial Board, delivering robust single-blind peer review. Supported by our internal editorial teams, this will ensure our authors will receive a quick, user-friendly, and personalised publishing experience.
\\n\\n"By launching our journals portfolio we are introducing new, dedicated homes for interdisciplinary technology-focused researchers to publish their work, whilst embracing Open Science and creating a unique global home for academics to disseminate their work. We are taking a leap toward Open Science continuing and expanding our fundamental commitment to openly sharing scientific research across the world, making it available for the benefit of all." Dr. Sara Uhac, IntechOpen CEO
\\n\\n"Our aim is to promote and create better science for a better world by increasing access to information and the latest scientific developments to all scientists, innovators, entrepreneurs and students and give them the opportunity to learn, observe and contribute to knowledge creation. Open Science promotes a swifter path from research to innovation to produce new products and services." Alex Lazinica, IntechOpen founder
\\n\\nIn conclusion, Natalia Reinic Babic, Head of Journal Publishing and Open Science at IntechOpen adds:
\\n\\n“On behalf of the journal team I’d like to thank all our Editors in Chief, Editorial Boards, internal supporting teams, and our scientific community for their continuous support in making this portfolio a reality - we couldn’t have done it without you! With your support in place, we are confident these journals will become as impactful and successful as our book publishing program and bring us closer to a more open (science) future.”
\\n\\nWe invite you to visit the journals homepage and learn more about the journal’s Editorial Boards, scope and vision as all three journals are now open for submissions.
\\n\\nFeel free to share this news on social media and help us mark this memorable moment!
\\n\\n\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:{caption:"",originalUrl:"/media/original/237"}},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'
After years of being acknowledged as the world's leading publisher of Open Access books, today, we are proud to announce we’ve successfully launched a portfolio of Open Science journals covering rapidly expanding areas of interdisciplinary research.
\n\n\n\nIntechOpen was founded by scientists, for scientists, in order to make book publishing accessible around the globe. Over the last two decades, this has driven Open Access (OA) book publishing whilst levelling the playing field for global academics. Through our innovative publishing model and the support of the research community, we have now published over 5,700 Open Access books and are visited online by over three million academics every month. These researchers are increasingly working in broad technology-based subjects, driving multidisciplinary academic endeavours into human health, environment, and technology.
\n\nBy listening to our community, and in order to serve these rapidly growing areas which lie at the core of IntechOpen's expertise, we are launching a portfolio of Open Science journals:
\n\nAll three journals will publish under an Open Access model and embrace Open Science policies to help support the changing needs of academics in these fast-moving research areas. There will be direct links to preprint servers and data repositories, allowing full reproducibility and rapid dissemination of published papers to help accelerate the pace of research. Each journal has renowned Editors in Chief who will work alongside a global Editorial Board, delivering robust single-blind peer review. Supported by our internal editorial teams, this will ensure our authors will receive a quick, user-friendly, and personalised publishing experience.
\n\n"By launching our journals portfolio we are introducing new, dedicated homes for interdisciplinary technology-focused researchers to publish their work, whilst embracing Open Science and creating a unique global home for academics to disseminate their work. We are taking a leap toward Open Science continuing and expanding our fundamental commitment to openly sharing scientific research across the world, making it available for the benefit of all." Dr. Sara Uhac, IntechOpen CEO
\n\n"Our aim is to promote and create better science for a better world by increasing access to information and the latest scientific developments to all scientists, innovators, entrepreneurs and students and give them the opportunity to learn, observe and contribute to knowledge creation. Open Science promotes a swifter path from research to innovation to produce new products and services." Alex Lazinica, IntechOpen founder
\n\nIn conclusion, Natalia Reinic Babic, Head of Journal Publishing and Open Science at IntechOpen adds:
\n\n“On behalf of the journal team I’d like to thank all our Editors in Chief, Editorial Boards, internal supporting teams, and our scientific community for their continuous support in making this portfolio a reality - we couldn’t have done it without you! With your support in place, we are confident these journals will become as impactful and successful as our book publishing program and bring us closer to a more open (science) future.”
\n\nWe invite you to visit the journals homepage and learn more about the journal’s Editorial Boards, scope and vision as all three journals are now open for submissions.
\n\nFeel free to share this news on social media and help us mark this memorable moment!
\n\n\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"},{slug:"introducing-intechopen-book-series-a-new-publishing-format-for-oa-books-20210915",title:"Introducing IntechOpen Book Series - A New Publishing Format for OA Books"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"10421",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Sustainable Organizations - Models, Applications, and New Perspectives",title:"Sustainable Organizations",subtitle:"Models, Applications, and New Perspectives",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"Given the multidisciplinary nature of our object of study, sustainability, we have divided this book into twelve chapters. In the first four, we cover the content required to learn how to start a business and create companies based on sustainability. The following chapters provide guidance to help translate sustainability strategies across cultures. These processes are analyzed through the Triple Bottom Line perspective, which effectively describes the primary objectives of sustainability. The last chapters analyze current trends in sustainable development, framing education as a powerful tool to facilitate the transition to more sustainable forms of development. Through these chapters, the understanding of the theoretical concepts is facilitated and examples of sustainable enterprises are made available to the reader that serves as a reference and that allow the development of practical activities.",isbn:"978-1-83880-963-8",printIsbn:"978-1-83880-962-1",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83880-964-5",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.91607",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"sustainable-organizations-models-applications-and-new-perspectives",numberOfPages:232,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:null,isInBkci:!1,hash:"3580ca76579cfa211067a94148d5887d",bookSignature:"Jose C. Sánchez-García and Brizeida Hernández-Sánchez",publishedDate:"February 3rd 2021",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10421.jpg",numberOfDownloads:6098,numberOfWosCitations:1,numberOfCrossrefCitations:3,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:7,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:0,hasAltmetrics:1,numberOfTotalCitations:11,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"May 13th 2020",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"June 3rd 2020",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"August 2nd 2020",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"October 21st 2020",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"December 20th 2020",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"105695",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose C.",middleName:null,surname:"Sánchez-García",slug:"jose-c.-sanchez-garcia",fullName:"Jose C. Sánchez-García",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/105695/images/system/105695.png",biography:"José Carlos Sánchez-García holds a Doctoral degree in Psychology received from the Autonomous University of Madrid. He achieved his Master degrees in Clinical Psychology and later Industrial Psychology, from the Complutense University of Madrid. He is now a Professor of Entrepreneurship at the University of Salamanca where he has also served as Dean of the Faculty of Psychology for eight years. Currently Dr. Sánchez-García is the Director of Doctorate Program in Psychology, also Director of the Entrepreneurship Chair, and Director of different international postgraduate programs (masters degrees) in entrepreneurial development and innovation. He is the President of AFIDE (Association for Training, Research and Development of Entrepreneurship) and was awarded the OPA Award for his research and promotion of entrepreneurship at the university, as well as the Juan Huarte de San Juan Award for his career as a psychologist and for his promotion of psychology. He also received an award from the Municipality of Osorno (Chile) for promoting entrepreneurship in this region. Dr. Sánchez-García is an author of numerous articles published in international high-impact journals, also an author of books and book chapters of a national and international character, a member of different editorial committees of international magazines as well as a member of different international associations in the field of psychology and entrepreneurship, a visiting professor at different European and Latin American universities.",institutionString:"University of Salamanca",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"2",institution:{name:"University of Salamanca",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}}],equalEditorOne:{id:"171418",title:"Dr.",name:"Brizeida",middleName:null,surname:"Hernandez-Sanchez",slug:"brizeida-hernandez-sanchez",fullName:"Brizeida Hernandez-Sanchez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/171418/images/system/171418.png",biography:"Professor Brizeida Hernández Sánchez has extensive training and pedagogical experience, with focus on curricular design and teaching; specialized in project management and educational quality processes, for different academic levels; she is an expert in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) applied to education, social pedagogy, special education, educational technology and management of public policies and educational institutions (supervising training in different master's degrees). She is currently an associate professor at the University of Salamanca, Faculty of Education.\nThis training trajectory is combined with a wide and extensive experience, academic and professional, in the field of pedagogy: in planning agile methodologies and application of actions, based on the diagnosis of needs; in the organization and management of curricular and innovation projects, in improving the teaching and learning processes; in the design of personalized educational resources, educational technology, blended learning, etc.\nShe is the Academic Coordinator of the Training Program in the Entrepreneurship Chair at the University of Salamanca, a member of the Academic Committee for international postgraduate programs (masters) in Entrepreneurial Development and Innovation, and the National Secretary of the Network for Entrepreneurship Training, Research and Development.",institutionString:"University of Salamanca",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"University of Salamanca",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"79",title:"Sustainable Development",slug:"business-management-and-economics-sustainable-development"}],chapters:[{id:"73366",title:"Organizational Insights, Challenges and Impact of Sustainable Development in Developing and Developed Nations",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.93748",slug:"organizational-insights-challenges-and-impact-of-sustainable-development-in-developing-and-developed",totalDownloads:806,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"While developed nations can fully explore various sustainable business models to achieve sustainability, this might not be easy for developing nations because of poor governance systems, characterized by inequality, patronage, and corruption and other challenges. This chapter evaluates organizations as developing and developed nation blocs by first providing insights on how organizations can contribute to the social and environmental sustainability, and second, by highlighting the challenges and approaches for sustainable development. The chapter further unravels the potential for both blocs to grow and achieve sustainability through technology and innovative strategies alongside the opportunities offered by having fast-growing populations and natural resources. To achieve sustainability, a twofold approach comprising the 360-organizational sustainability approaches and advanced sustainability system analysis approach is used. The key societal driving forces in both blocs for exploiting sustainable business practices are governance and institutions, technology and innovation, economy and society, population and behavior, and financing for development which can unlock sustainable business opportunities for sustainable development. To address the business climate challenges, it is inferred that organizations can achieve global sustainability by integrating sustainable production and consumption, biodiversity and ecosystem services, equity and resilience sectors to attain an environmentally and socially governed systems globally.",signatures:"Katundu Imasiku",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/73366",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/73366",authors:[{id:"322704",title:"Dr.Ing.",name:"Katundu",surname:"Imasiku",slug:"katundu-imasiku",fullName:"Katundu Imasiku"}],corrections:null},{id:"73406",title:"Workplace Innovation for Social Sustainable Development",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.93791",slug:"workplace-innovation-for-social-sustainable-development",totalDownloads:760,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:"The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the importance of workplace innovation to sustainable development of the organizational change process. Workplace innovation has been distinguished from the technical innovation and its significance to intangible service improvements. It has addressed how sustainable development is affected by workplace safety, health, productivity, and wellbeing at the workplace. The chapter also attempted to see the three pillars of sustainable development against the six pillars of sustainable development dimensions from prospective points of the previous studies. The previous studies’ findings considered sustainable development dimensions as economic, social, and environmental dimension, while the recent study has introduced additional three new sustainable development dimensions emanating from the existing dimension such as cultural, political and technological dimensions. Therefore, the paper tried to address the workplace innovation, its importance, model, and its impact on sustainable development of the global society.",signatures:"Kassu Jilcha",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/73406",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/73406",authors:[{id:"292841",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Kassu",surname:"Jilcha Sileyew",slug:"kassu-jilcha-sileyew",fullName:"Kassu Jilcha Sileyew"}],corrections:null},{id:"74334",title:"Entrepreneurial Momentum for Sustainable Growth",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.95099",slug:"entrepreneurial-momentum-for-sustainable-growth",totalDownloads:451,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Public and private sectors view entrepreneurship as a movement of active, creative people who exploit opportunities under uncertainty, create new products, jobs, contribute to economic development of region. Entrepreneurs with their ‘fresh’ vision and agility play an important role in creating the sustainable future for all by overcoming social and environmental challenges. Based on real cases, we illustrate the path travelled by entrepreneurs from identifying the problem and creating the platform for communication with stakeholders to building solution and scaleup. We demonstrate our ‘4A engine’ approach to maintain the momentum for startup consisting of 4 phases: Attention, Actualisation, Attraction, and Action. Even if the start is successful, statistics show that many startups fail between 18 and 24 months. Therefore, we ask startup founders about their practice and biggest surprise they came across, essential choices and important decisions they made. Readers who find this practice useful will reflect by writing a Letter from the Future.",signatures:"Ihor Katernyak and Viktoriya Loboda",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/74334",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/74334",authors:[{id:"321708",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Ihor",surname:"Katernyak",slug:"ihor-katernyak",fullName:"Ihor Katernyak"},{id:"331224",title:"Prof.",name:"Viktoriya",surname:"Loboda",slug:"viktoriya-loboda",fullName:"Viktoriya Loboda"}],corrections:null},{id:"73311",title:"Organizational Support and Sustainable Entrepreneurship Performance of SMEs, the Moderating Role of Strategic Sustainability Orientation",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.93803",slug:"organizational-support-and-sustainable-entrepreneurship-performance-of-smes-the-moderating-role-of-s",totalDownloads:428,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Small and medium sized enterprises’ (SMEs) activities have contributed significantly to environmental degradation that causes a disastrous effect on us and our future generation. Considering this, sustainable entrepreneurship has been promoted as a resolution of ecological problems capable of addressing climate change issues, public health, and safety concerns, and has become critical for competing in international markets. SMEs activities increased pollution exclusively causing environmental degradation. In response, the world is focusing on ensuring that SMEs produce products through safe and environmentally friendly practices. Literature suggests that organizational support provide SMEs with the impetus to achieve competitive advantage regarding turnover, customer attraction and market share opportunities to achieve business performance. Nonetheless, the implementation of sustainable entrepreneurship among them is still low due to numerous challenges. This paper intends to investigate the influence of organizational support on sustainable entrepreneurship towards performance among SMEs. A case study involving 300 herbal-based SMEs were surveyed using structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation model. The results show that organizational support have a positive effect on sustainable entrepreneurship and performance among the SMEs, accounting for 52% and 47% variance respectively. This finding reveals that organizational support is significantly related to entrepreneurship performance, thus substantiates previous findings on the crucial roles of organizational support in enabling organizations to achieve sustainable entrepreneurship performance. This study contributes to triple bottom line literature based on incorporation of strategic choice theory, strategic sustainability orientation and resource-based view theory in entrepreneurship framework.",signatures:"Muhammad Auwal Abdullahi, Zainalabidin Mohamed, Mad Nasir Shamsudin, Juwaidah Sharifuddin and Fazlin Ali",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/73311",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/73311",authors:[{id:"321678",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad Auwal",surname:"Abdullahi",slug:"muhammad-auwal-abdullahi",fullName:"Muhammad Auwal Abdullahi"},{id:"328576",title:"Prof.",name:"Zainalabidin",surname:"Mohamed",slug:"zainalabidin-mohamed",fullName:"Zainalabidin Mohamed"},{id:"328577",title:"Prof.",name:"Mad Nasir",surname:"Shamsudin",slug:"mad-nasir-shamsudin",fullName:"Mad Nasir Shamsudin"},{id:"328578",title:"Dr.",name:"Juwaidah",surname:"Sharifuddin",slug:"juwaidah-sharifuddin",fullName:"Juwaidah Sharifuddin"},{id:"328579",title:"Dr.",name:"Fazlin",surname:"Ali",slug:"fazlin-ali",fullName:"Fazlin Ali"}],corrections:null},{id:"73743",title:"Institutional Structures and Women Sustainability in the Labour Market for Developing Economies",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.94262",slug:"institutional-structures-and-women-sustainability-in-the-labour-market-for-developing-economies",totalDownloads:285,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The peculiarity of women in developing economies, through changing status (marriage, widowhood, divorce, separation) and in some cases occasioned by locational vicissitudes, have continually challenged the sustainability of women in the labour market. Again, some of these challenges women face via social structures such as patriarchy, customs and traditions and unpaid household chores have particularly resulted in labour somersault, underemployment and forced unemployment which in certain cases could be temporary or of a permanent nature. Owing to this growing vulnerability of women, this chapter examine models and structures that have shaped (promoted or otherwise) women’s’ participation in the labour market. In turn, this chapter advances alternative institutional and organizational structures that can check some bewilderment of women in participating in the labour market, as well as foster the sustainability of women in the labour market.",signatures:"Oluwabunmi O. Adejumo",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/73743",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/73743",authors:[{id:"322286",title:"Dr.",name:"Oluwabunmi",surname:"Adejumo",slug:"oluwabunmi-adejumo",fullName:"Oluwabunmi Adejumo"}],corrections:null},{id:"73594",title:"Protection of Craft Products Embodied in Cultural and Creative Industries in South Africa",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.94111",slug:"protection-of-craft-products-embodied-in-cultural-and-creative-industries-in-south-africa",totalDownloads:694,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The Culture and Creative industries are commonly recognised as one of the strategic sectors. This sector has the potential for innovation and development which may lead to economic growth of a nation. Even though the culture and creative industries (CCIs) is the focus of several studies, precise consideration has not been given to the craft sectors as an essential component of the South African industrial development. The objective of this research is to identify the problems faced by crafts sectors, and to address those issues by providing policy intervention towards protection and sustainability of the sector. Also, the position of craft has been widely acknowledged, but the research regarding the protection of craft products is scarce. This gives rise to the research question: how can the crafts sectors be protected towards the sustainability and development of these sectors? This study provides an overview of the concept of craft and the CCIs focusing on the craft production and marketing activities. For this study, a qualitative research was conducted using a secondary data, and conducting an in-depth interview with crafters in the city of Durban South Africa. The results established some basic issues that need an urgent intervention towards the preservation of the craft sector in South Africa.",signatures:"Abisuga Oluwayemisi Adebola",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/73594",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/73594",authors:[{id:"247415",title:"Dr.",name:"Oluwayemisi",surname:"Abisuga",slug:"oluwayemisi-abisuga",fullName:"Oluwayemisi Abisuga"}],corrections:null},{id:"73263",title:"Sustainable Business Practices by Nigerian Organizations",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.93834",slug:"sustainable-business-practices-by-nigerian-organizations",totalDownloads:409,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Sustainability is the lifeline of any organization and it begins with its people. This paper investigates the sustainable business practices of Nigerian organizations. The pillars of sustainability, economic, social and environmental, have been linked to improve business performance when entrenched into long term strategies of a business. To address the challenges of power supply, multiple taxation, pollution and waste management faced in the business environment, it is imperative to develop solutions that will not compromise future needs yet meeting the needs of the present. Recycling, recovery and reuse, safe work initiatives, continuous learning are strategies businesses can adopt to reduce environmental waste, social and economic issues. For this purpose, this chapter examines sustainability practices of businesses from selected industries; construction, manufacturing, banking and hospitality industries were selected based on availability of sustainability reports of industry leaders. This research is expected to help business managers and policy makers understand sustainable business practices and its implications on business performance.",signatures:"Nkemdilim Iheanachor",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/73263",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/73263",authors:[{id:"322184",title:"Dr.",name:"Nkemdilim",surname:"Iheanachor",slug:"nkemdilim-iheanachor",fullName:"Nkemdilim Iheanachor"}],corrections:null},{id:"73472",title:"Evolving a Sustainable Paradigm for Harnessing Intellectual Resources in the Nigerian Space Industry",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.93905",slug:"evolving-a-sustainable-paradigm-for-harnessing-intellectual-resources-in-the-nigerian-space-industry",totalDownloads:320,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Over the years, one of the ways that have been identified as pivotal in building sustainable organisations is the manpower development component of any organisation. Such manpower development through capacity building can be gained by training and retraining to retool the workforce into having the relevant and up to date skill set that spurs competitiveness and growth. For the Nigerian space industry, this human capacity development component has been embraced, encouraged and adopted into a working model for sustainability. The Nigerian Space Industry has leveraged on its potential to harness its intellectual capital through a collaborative culture with national and international partners to provide sustainable growth in attaining technological competence in Space Science and Technology (SST). In this chapter, we present a capacity building context as a model by which Nigeria’s Space Industry mobilises its intellectual resources and collaborative efforts towards achieving sustainable development.",signatures:"Ngunan Monica Ikpaya, Ikpaya Ikpaya, Eseoghene Ovie, Chisom G. Nwokike, Sesugh Nongo and Godwin Ogor-Igbosuah",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/73472",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/73472",authors:[{id:"322642",title:"Mrs.",name:"Ngunan M.",surname:"Ikpaya",slug:"ngunan-m.-ikpaya",fullName:"Ngunan M. Ikpaya"},{id:"328859",title:"Dr.",name:"Ikpaya",surname:"Ikpaya",slug:"ikpaya-ikpaya",fullName:"Ikpaya Ikpaya"},{id:"328860",title:"Dr.",name:"Eseoghene",surname:"Ovie",slug:"eseoghene-ovie",fullName:"Eseoghene Ovie"},{id:"328861",title:"Dr.",name:"Chisom",surname:"Nwokike",slug:"chisom-nwokike",fullName:"Chisom Nwokike"},{id:"328862",title:"Dr.",name:"Sesugh",surname:"Nongo",slug:"sesugh-nongo",fullName:"Sesugh Nongo"},{id:"328863",title:"Mr.",name:"Godwin",surname:"Ogor-Igbosuah",slug:"godwin-ogor-igbosuah",fullName:"Godwin Ogor-Igbosuah"}],corrections:null},{id:"74348",title:"Sustainable Development and Islamic Ethical Tasks for Business-Organisations",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.94992",slug:"sustainable-development-and-islamic-ethical-tasks-for-business-organisations",totalDownloads:448,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The paper seeks to addresses the issues of sustainable development and it would be viewed as Islamic moral duties for business. To what level should business bodies should join in the sustainable development activities? Based on the existing literature, this study assimilates conventional as well as Islamic points about environment and sustainable development and contends that whatever explanation of sustainable development one may subscribe, ultimately, each should culminate in environmental concern. This study contends that Islamic style is more friendly to environmental protection and issues touching sustainable development have moral, social and ethical responsibility. With intense commitment of the businesses in the matter of Islamic ethics to equity, justice and wellbeing of humans, it demands that business organisations in the Islamic and other countries should participate in the sustainable development endeavours. Because of ethics of environmental aspects in Islam, the value chains of suppliers through customers, many companies may be alert for the environmental characteristics and effects of their businesses.",signatures:"Abul Hassan",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/74348",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/74348",authors:[{id:"323154",title:"Dr.",name:"Abul",surname:"Hassan",slug:"abul-hassan",fullName:"Abul Hassan"}],corrections:null},{id:"74195",title:"Teacher Professional Competencies in Education for Sustainable Development",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.94991",slug:"teacher-professional-competencies-in-education-for-sustainable-development",totalDownloads:598,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"At present, combining sustainable development with education has become one of the school’s missions. Students must master sustainable development skills. In order to explore the ideal method of K-12 teachers’ professional competence in Education for Sustainable Development and determine the talent leadership strategy can enhance the professional competence of teachers in the 21st century sustainable development education, this study uses content analysis. The author systematically reviewed and analyzed related research work on sustainable development education, teachers’ professional abilities and talent leadership strategies. According to the comprehensive results of content analysis, the ideal way for K-12 teachers to achieve professional sustainability is as follows: content focuses on sustainability with 21st century skills, collaboration with peers, active learning, and application of learning sustainability in practice Model, peer guidance, feedback and evaluation, duration, and teacher professional development. In order to achieve the second research goal, the authors found that talent leadership strategies can enhance the sustainable development of K-12 teachers’ professional capabilities, including K-12 teacher professional development methods, K-12 teacher professional capabilities, student performance and focus on student performance.",signatures:"Xiaoyao Yue and Ruixuan Ji",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/74195",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/74195",authors:[{id:"322818",title:"Dr.",name:"Xiaoyao",surname:"Yue",slug:"xiaoyao-yue",fullName:"Xiaoyao Yue"}],corrections:null},{id:"74231",title:"Driving a Sustainable University-Industry Partnership",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.94990",slug:"driving-a-sustainable-university-industry-partnership",totalDownloads:382,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"There has been a lot of emphasis on the need for academia-industry collaboration. A successful and sustainable academia-industry partnership can result from a university’s efforts in driving values in its collaboration with industry. This chapter describes a model for mainstreaming a sustainable university partnership with industry through the university’s academic curriculum. The University-Industry Innovation eXchange (UNIX) internship program is a project-based industrial training scheme that is integrated with research projects to provide students with an engaging experience of working with industry for up to one year to solve practical industrial problems. Successful implementation of UNIX projects within the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia’s (UTM) work-based curriculum contributes toward nurturing life-ready and job-ready graduates, development of resilient and sustainable organisation through improved operations, and enhanced university-industry partnership.",signatures:"Zainuddin Abd Manan and Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/74231",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/74231",authors:[{id:"322176",title:"Prof.",name:"Zainuddin",surname:"Manan",slug:"zainuddin-manan",fullName:"Zainuddin Manan"},{id:"322179",title:"Prof.",name:"Sharifah Rafidah",surname:"Wan Alwi",slug:"sharifah-rafidah-wan-alwi",fullName:"Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi"}],corrections:null},{id:"73512",title:"Exploring a Culturally-Responsive Model and Theory for Sustainable Development in Education Based on Cebuano Context",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.94035",slug:"exploring-a-culturally-responsive-model-and-theory-for-sustainable-development-in-education-based-on",totalDownloads:520,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"This paper explores a culturally-responsive model and theory for sustainable development in education that intertwines a seamless juxtaposition of cultural knowledge, mastery, reflections and understanding, and innovations in the Cebuano context. A multiple case analysis of selected quintains of Cebuano culture in literature reviews, and past travel observations and experiences were used as the methodology of the study. Results revealed that studies on cultural knowledge reflected a Cebuano identity of indigenous worldviews and reverence to nature. Cultural knowledge served as a basis for cultural mastery in the formulation and implementation of government policies as exemplified in the Bayanihan to Heal Act, the creation of the Inter-Agency Task Force, and other decisions of government and non-government agencies to protect people’s welfare. Cultural reflections ignited how people responded to these policies, with contrasting views and ambivalence. To prevent the furtherance of these views that would heighten possible conflict and violence, cultural innovations through a KRSP Model offers vibrant opportunities to promote and realize ESD Goal No. 4 by 2030.",signatures:"Reynaldo B. Inocian",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/73512",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/73512",authors:[{id:"321361",title:"Dr.",name:"Reynaldo",surname:"Inocian",slug:"reynaldo-inocian",fullName:"Reynaldo Inocian"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},subseries:null,tags:null},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"4511",title:"Entrepreneurship",subtitle:"Education and Training",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a10958147b9a516affca89c11cdafe09",slug:"entrepreneurship-education-and-training",bookSignature:"Jose C. Sanchez-Garcia",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/4511.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"105695",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose C.",surname:"Sánchez-García",slug:"jose-c.-sanchez-garcia",fullName:"Jose C. 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In this context, a book that collects the experiences of authors with diverse backgrounds, and operating in different settings of palliative care, can be added to the many editorial products on the subject. Over five sections, this volume addresses such topics as palliative care in children, infants, and gynecologic oncology patients; the role of the caregiver; the use of drugs; and ethics, organization, and policy issues. Although this book should not be considered as an exhaustive treatise on palliative care, the many topics covered and the experience and competence of the authors involved make it a useful tool for those who are already experts in the field as well as those who are studying this field.",isbn:"978-1-83969-153-9",printIsbn:"978-1-83969-152-2",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83969-154-6",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.92471",price:139,priceEur:155,priceUsd:179,slug:"suggestions-for-addressing-clinical-and-non-clinical-issues-in-palliative-care",numberOfPages:346,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isSalesforceBook:!1,isNomenclature:!1,hash:"1833efc8093256b2458f0ed06ed55ed0",bookSignature:"Marco Cascella and Michael John Stones",publishedDate:"July 21st 2021",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10456.jpg",keywords:null,numberOfDownloads:5585,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:5,numberOfDimensionsCitations:7,numberOfTotalCitations:12,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"October 20th 2020",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"December 4th 2020",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"February 2nd 2021",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"April 23rd 2021",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"June 22nd 2021",dateConfirmationOfParticipation:null,remainingDaysToSecondStep:"2 years",secondStepPassed:!0,areRegistrationsClosed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,biosketch:"Dr. Marco Cascella is a member of the expert committee in cancer pain and palliative care of the Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Reanimation, and Intensive Care (SIAARTI). He acts as a research editor for the Italian Ministry of Health and is an editorial board member of several medical journals. He has been a speaker at numerous conferences and conventions and is the author of about 100 scientific publications, books, book chapters, etc.",coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"199335",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco",middleName:null,surname:"Cascella",slug:"marco-cascella",fullName:"Marco Cascella",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/199335/images/system/199335.jpg",biography:"Marco Cascella, MD, works in the Department of Supportive Care at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione “G. Pascale” – IRCCS, Naples, Italy, where he has responsibility for research in anesthesia and pain medicine. He was granted the National Scientific Habilitation (ASN) for Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care in Italian Universities and he is annual Professor of Physiology on the Degree Course in Biomedical Laboratory Techniques at the Faculty of Medicine, University “Federico II,” Naples. Dr. Cascella graduated with honors in Medicine and Surgery in 1997 from the University “Vanvitelli” of Naples and then undertook postgraduate studies in anesthesia and intensive care, obtaining his doctorate in 2001. He acts as an editorial board member for several medical journals. He has been a speaker at numerous conferences and conventions and is the author of about 150 scientific publications, books, and book chapters in the fields of anesthesia, pathophysiology, treatment of pain, oncology, and palliative care. Dr. Cascella also heads and participates in various research projects.",institutionString:"Istituto Nazionale Tumori - Fondazione 'G. 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Applied endeavors include the development of senior resource centers in Newfoundland, assistance with the development of a resident assessment instrument for mental health used throughout Ontario, and leadership of a scientific team in Quebec that informed the provincial government about policy and practices.",institutionString:null,position:null,outsideEditionCount:null,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Lakehead University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Canada"}}},coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"1132",title:"Health Care",slug:"medicine-public-health-health-care"}],chapters:[{id:"77154",title:"Introductory Chapter: Delirium in Palliative Care",slug:"introductory-chapter-delirium-in-palliative-care",totalDownloads:132,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"199335",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco",surname:"Cascella",slug:"marco-cascella",fullName:"Marco Cascella"}]},{id:"76200",title:"Palliative Care of the Infant and Child in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit",slug:"palliative-care-of-the-infant-and-child-in-the-paediatric-intensive-care-unit",totalDownloads:265,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"338139",title:"Dr.",name:"Suzanne",surname:"Crowe",slug:"suzanne-crowe",fullName:"Suzanne Crowe"},{id:"338140",title:"Dr.",name:"Maeve",surname:"McAllister",slug:"maeve-mcallister",fullName:"Maeve McAllister"},{id:"338141",title:"Ms.",name:"Roisin",surname:"Ni Charra",slug:"roisin-ni-charra",fullName:"Roisin Ni Charra"},{id:"351044",title:"Dr.",name:"Ann-Marie",surname:"Crowe",slug:"ann-marie-crowe",fullName:"Ann-Marie Crowe"},{id:"351046",title:"Ms.",name:"Julie",surname:"Edwards",slug:"julie-edwards",fullName:"Julie Edwards"}]},{id:"77344",title:"Home Based Palliative Care",slug:"home-based-palliative-care",totalDownloads:231,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"340203",title:"Dr.",name:"Sourav",surname:"Goswami",slug:"sourav-goswami",fullName:"Sourav Goswami"}]},{id:"76083",title:"Palliative Care in Gynaecological Oncology",slug:"palliative-care-in-gynaecological-oncology",totalDownloads:194,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"302210",title:"Dr.",name:"Monika",surname:"Náležinská",slug:"monika-nalezinska",fullName:"Monika Náležinská"},{id:"346023",title:"Dr.",name:"Josef",surname:"Chovanec",slug:"josef-chovanec",fullName:"Josef Chovanec"}]},{id:"74522",title:"Introducer Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in Palliative Care of Patients with Esophageal Cancer",slug:"introducer-percutaneous-endoscopic-gastrostomy-in-palliative-care-of-patients-with-esophageal-cancer",totalDownloads:362,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"326313",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Prasit",surname:"Mahawongkajit",slug:"prasit-mahawongkajit",fullName:"Prasit Mahawongkajit"}]},{id:"74756",title:"Why Are We Missing the Teeth? 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Deep foundation pit construction is frequently limited by construction site, which is usually through vertical excavation instead of slope excavation. The steel sheet pile supporting structure is a special supporting method for vertical excavation widely applied in the base of high-rise buildings, underground railway, municipal engineering and hydraulic engineering, with better economic benefits and environment effects. The supporting structure is used to protect the foundation pit from sliding in the process of excavation of the foundation pit.
In the 1930s, Terzaghi and other scholars studied excavation engineering in geotechnical engineering problems.
Early in the 20th century, steel plate piles were first developed in Europe. In 1903, in Japan, the steel plate was used for the first time in Mitsui library of retaining piles construction and found with special performance. Hence steel sheet pile were used in Japan for large and repair works after 1923 Great Kanto earthquake. In 1931, steel sheet pile was rapidly developed and produced in Japan, and then it also witnessed positive development, application and dissemination in Europe, South Korea, the United States and other countries.
The retaining part refers to the excavation, in order to ensure pit wall not to collapse, protect the security of underground structures and surrounding environment. Steel sheet pile supporting of foundation pit supporting structure is used in a type of steel sheet pile (general concurrently waterproof curtain) into the soil, set up necessary support or pull anchor, to resist earth pressure and water pressure, to keep the stability of strata, to maintain the balance of deep excavation and guarantee the smooth construction of.
The purpose of the foundation pit supporting of excavation is to ensure stability in construction. Pit instability and failure mainly involves two kinds of problems.
For the first kind of problem of foundation pit stability, the supporting structure (including supports wall body, interior support, anchor, etc.) of the internal force (mainly moment) and displacement as the research object, is to determine the foundation pit supporting structure satisfy the intensity and rigidity requirement the stability problem. The second kind of foundation pit instability issues is mainly for supporting structure static equilibrium conditions, the main problems in the research of the supporting structure static condition are to satisfy the static equilibrium condition stability problem.
There are two kinds of steel sheet pile supporting finite element analysis methods, elastic foundation beam method and plane strain finite element method. The elastic foundation beam method is the foundation pit medial soil as soil spring, regardless of the pile and soil contact. The property of slippage of interface between soil and steel sheet pile can be calculated in the process of constructing surface subsidence and the of foundation pit bottom uplift. Therefore, in the stability analysis of steel sheet pile supporting, we should choose the plane strain finite element analysis.
Steel sheet pile supporting structure relies on steel sheet pile, soil anchor (or support) and soil under the common function of passive earth pressure, water pressure, earthquakes and other load. The finite element method to analyze steel sheet pile supporting structure, involves stem cell, beam element, soil unit, and contact elements and so on many kinds of element types. Considering the nonlinear problem, the situation is more complicated.
The length of the deep foundation pit bracing is usually long, plane strain finite element method along the length direction is often applied to take unit length calculation.
There will be through elastic non-linear model Duncan - Zhang (D - C) hyperbolic model to calculate the displacement and stress field of sliding body, and then through the form of table definition unit Mohr -Column criterion, and for each unit of the yield of state judge which satisfy Mohr -Column criterion the slope plastic differentiate code layout.
Et the tangent modulus of elasticity
Soil tri-axial test, σ3 remain unchanged, exert partial stress, point draw (σ1-σ3)/εα curve (see figure 1), Connor, etc, found that (σ1-σ3) hyperbola can be used to fit these curves. For one σ3, the relations of (σ1-σ3)/εα can be expressed as
The Eq. (1) also takes the form
In which (σ1-σ3) refers to partial stress, εα axial strain, and a, b significance for test constants, the intercept and slope of curve in figure 2, are presented respectively as follows:
Here (σ1-σ3)u refers to the value of (σ1-σ3) when εα→∞, (σ1-σ3) refers to progressive values (as shown in figure 3),
The
Then εα=a(σ1-σ3)/[1-b(σ1-σ3)], Will εα generation into Eq.(5), obtains
The relation between (σ1-σ3) and εα
In which
The relation between εα/(σ1-σ3) and εα
The relation between lg(
Limit Mohr’s circle
Substituting Eq.(6)into Eq.(7), it follows that
Here
(1) Tangent of Poisson ratio
Kulhway and Dunkcan think conventional tri-axial test measured with the curvilinear relationship between εα and εγmay adopt hyperbola to fitting (see figure 5), and the curvilinear relationship between -εγ/εα and -εγfor a straight line (see figure 6).Its interception is
The relation εα and -εr
The relation -εr/εα and -εr
Same is
Because of the lateral pressure increment is zero, next Eq. is usable for Poisson ratio
Substituting Eq. (10) into Eq. (11), and, will εα=a(σ1-σ3)/[1-b(σ1-σ3)] into Eq. (11), it follows that
In which A refers
By Eq.(10), when -εr→∞, εα is progressive values, then
In which
For different σ3 have different
So the tangent Poisson\'s ratio obtain by Eq. (15) solution
(2) Resilience modulus
Eq. (8) is elastic modulus in loading cases. For unloading cases, elastic modulus
Generally speaking,
The finite element calculation to give a standard
Loading and unloading relation curve
lg(
(3)Property indexes
Adopting Duncan - Zhang (D - C) elastic non-linear model of E-μ, the stress and strain of soil is of nonlinear properties. The concentrated reflection is summed up in Eq. (8) and (15) and (16), all parameters contains in Eq. are to be determined by conventional tri-axial test. Nonlinear plane strain finite element numerical analysis of steel sheet pile needs to determine that the physical and mechanical indexes such as
1) Construction process simulation
In the normal soil excavation and backfilling calculation, it is often assumed that they will be instantaneously completed. But the construction process of excavation and backfilling could have influence on internal force and deformation produce of steel sheet pile structure should not be neglected, it is necessary to simulate the influence of foundation pit excavation and construction of backfill process. The excavation and backfilling is actually a hierarchical loading process, and backfill belongs to primary loading, the excavation is the unloading or an unloading reloading process. It has been proved in practice that incremental method can be used to simulate construction process. The key issue is that the proposed method can simulate the construction process adopted and load history, soil constitutive relationship should reflect the different stress path of soils, and the input parameters in calculation should be in accordance with the actual calculation, and the boundary conditions of should be as far as possible and reasonable.
Construction process simulation mainly includes a step-by-step excavation, exertion and removal of soil anchor and support, etc. The finite element equation the simulation of mechanical behavior of the different construction stage of can be written as
In which m refers to total number of construction steps,
Generally speaking, load steps divided more, the analytical results is more close to reality. The more accurate the loading steps, the results are more close to reality. However, the fact that how many exact steps are divided is determined by the purpose of the relevant analysis. If the main purpose is to understand the deformation and stress of the foundation under the backfilling, the load steps can be fewer; If you need to understand the displacement and stress of backfilling itself, there can be more the load steps be added. Typical division into 10-12 may obtain satisfactory results. The typical process can be divided into 10- 12 steps to obtain satisfactory results. The amount of increment of the displacement in backfilling itself is very sensitive needs to be judged according to the measured data and the experience of the engineering representative.
There is another thing to be noted and is of vital importance is the unit application in the construction process simulation. All units generated in the pre-treatment, and then put the soil anchor or support unit killed, then put soil anchor or support unit killed after every excavation step, brought each unit of support or anchor activation after a layer each construction completed. Attention should be paid to reactivate or kill units in every step.
Steel sheet pile of plane strain finite element analysis will involves four units, which is described as follows: the soil unit, contact elements, beam element and line unit. The following is a simple introduction of various units unit strength degree matrix.
The plane beam element is shown in figure 4-10. Classic beam bending theory generally corresponding to the smaller depth-span beam, it meets normal sections the assumption. The strength degree matrix under local coordinate is
In which A refers to cross-sectional area of beam element, E elastic modulus of beam element materials,
Eq. (19) is the unit strength degree matrix of beam element in local coordinate, if
In which [
Planar line element as shown in figure 4-11, the line element strength degree matrix in local coordinate is
In which A refers to cross-sectional area of line element, E elastic modulus of line element materials of and L refers to unit length.
Line element unit strength degree matrix in local coordinate and integral coordinate system conversion also can process according (20), calculation is
The support and soil anchor in three-d is discontinuous structures, how in the analysis of plane strain finite element simulation, which is an important issue of the steel sheet pile analysis. In situ and Clough study, once pointed out that exact a treatment is the board wall of strut (soil anchor) axial stiffness press unit length added. To support (soil anchors), it in the plane strain finite element analysis of axial stiffness by the support of the actual axial stiffness divided by supporting spacing.
Soil element adopted the plane four nodes iso-parametric unit, the unit strength degree matrix calculation method is of the same as strength degree matrix of usual iso-parametric unit, just instead
In Eq. (24),
In contact surface of steel sheet pile and soil, there is a great difference in material property. In some conditions, slippage or craze could be generated possibly on the contact interface, so it is suggested to set contact surface elements to simulate the interaction between steel sheet pile and soil.
Goodman and others propose the joints units, commonly used in contact elements. This unit is no thickness four nodes unit, as shown in figure 12, the idea is to have countless normal and tangential tiny spring associated between two contact interfaces, and stress and relative displacement relations is described as:
In which
To determine
In which
By coordinate transformation, the unit strength degree matrix [
[
The engineering site stratum structure and the causes of stratum structure are very simple, and the variation in thickness of the stratum is low. The average ground elevation is 5.50m, and the depth of the foundation pit is 10.00m. The area of engineering site is 3745 square meters, and the area of supporting structures is 4180 Square meters.
There are nine geological stratums in the depth range of 35m according to field exploration and comprehensive analysis of laboratory test, by the litho logy of the geological stratums are composed mainly of plain fill, silt, silt-clay and mealy sand.
The standard section of foundation pit supporting structure is shown in Figure 12. The model of steel sheet pile is H formed steel, whose width is 486mm, and the depth of section is 420mm, and elastic section modulus is 3.12×106mm3. The length of pile is 16.00m. The elevation of pile cap is +5.50m, and toe is -10.50m. The location’s elevations of two layers of pre-stressed strands anchor are +1.50 m and -1.50m, and the angle between soil anchor and horizontal plane is 15. The first layer of soil anchor is made by 3 bunches of steel strands and each bunch is consisted of 7 lines. The freedom length is 5.00m, and the designed length of anchoring section is 10.00m; The second layer of soil anchor’s component is similar to the first one. The freedom length is 5.00m, and the designed length of anchoring section is 10.00m. The length between soil anchors is 2.50m. Because it is very difficult to control the location of steel sheet pile exactly and steel sheet piles can not bond join each other very well, it needs to set a row of DJM piles acting as curtain for cutting off water, for the steel sheet pile has the effect of cutting off water. The length of DJM pile is 13.00m, diameter is 0.50m, cement-mixed ratio is 15%, and the length between piles is 0.40m.
Foundation pit support sectional drawing
It takes half of model to carry out analogue computation, because the structure is symmetrical. The width of that the foundation pit can effect is 3-4 times as the width of excavation and the influence depth which is 2-4 times as [a, b] according to the project experience. In this project, the width of excavation is 20.00m, the depth of excavation is 10.00m, the influence width is 30.00m, and the influence depth is 35.00m.
The finite element analysis method of steel sheet pile is applied to simulate construction of foundation pit supporting structure. It uses the 2—dimensional, 4—node iso-parametric element and D-C constitutive model to simulate soil mass. It uses 2—dimensional 2—node beam element to simulate steel sheet pile. It uses bar element to simulate the soil anchor, supporting structure and bottom brace. It takes equivalent elastic modulus as elastic modulus. It takes calculation under ten-stage loading, and there are ten increment steps in each stage (load sub-step). Some special construction stages of the first and the second layer of soil anchors are applied, including pre-construction, after construction and construction completion, to research horizontal displacement and settlement of steel plate pile, moment of steel sheet pile and axial force of soil anchor.
Setting contact surface element between steel sheet pile and soil
Finite element analysis mesh of steel sheet pile foundation pit support schematic diagram
From the Figure 15, the horizontal displacement curve calculated with the finite element method is similar to the measured displacement curve by and large. While the calculated displacement value is bigger than measured displacement value, the calculated maximum displacement value is 0.041m, and the depth is about 8.00m. The measured displacement value is 0.035m, and the depth is about 8.00m too.
The settlement curves of ground after steel sheet pile in the different stages are shown in Figure 16. The settlement will increase with the increase of excavation depth, and the location in which the maximum settlement happened is as long as excavation depth away from piles. Pre-stress will increase and maximum settlement points will be far away from pit wall after we set the first row of anchors. With the excavation of the foundation pit, the settlement will go on increasing, and the maximum settlement points are still away from the pit wall owing to the effect of the last layer of anchors. After setting the second row of anchors, there are few effects on the settlement. The reason may be that the anchoring section of the second row of anchors is too long. With the increase of excavation depth, ground settlement will increase again.
From comprehensive analysis of these three excavation stages, the vertical settlement values of foundation pit are 6.2cm, 10.1cm and 12.3cm, and the settlement value is in the range of safety. The measured values are 5.5cm, 11.1cm and 13.8cm.
The moment curves of steel sheet pile in the different stages are shown in Figure 17. The moment of pile shaft above the first layer of soil anchors is caused by active earth pressure. The moment remains about the same in the course of excavation, because the anchor can be seen as pivot and the part above pivot can be seen as cantilever structure. The cantilever structure is almost not changed in the course of excavation, because the steel sheet pile has no negative displacement, and this part has always been bearing consistent active earth pressure. After the first anchorage starts being constructed and exerts pre-stress, negative moment decreases and positive moment increases, but the absolute value of moment decreases, so soil anchor not only controls the horizontal displacement of the steel sheet pile well, but also improves its condition of forces. After the second excavation, excavation face goes down, earth pressure and moment increase. After the second anchorage starts construction and exerts pre-stress, negative moment increases, positive moment decreases and the maximum absolute value of moment decreases. So the second row of soil anchors control the horizontal displacement of the steel sheet pile and improve the condition of
Final calculated and measured values of horizontal displacement curve graph
Ground settlement behind pile curve graph
forces too. The maximum moment of the steel sheet pile happens in the stage of the last sub-step, and the maximum bending stress satisfies with the request of strength.
From chart 18, the shaft force of every layer has different levels of increase with the carrying out of excavation. After the consummation of the second excavation, the first layer of anchorage’s shaft force has greatly increased. After the second anchorage starts being constructed and exerts pre-stress, the upper anchor will emerge stress relaxation, and the shaft force has a little decrease. After the third excavation, the shaft force of two layers of anchorage will bear new load, so it increases. The axial force of the first layer of anchors which is calculated by FEM increases from 151.21 KN to 249.63 KN with the process of loading. It is similar to the measured data. And because the shaft force of the second goes down to 180.34KN and then increases to 238.95KN, it is similar to the measured data 238.15KN. Looking at the second layer of anchors, the shaft force increases from 149.25KN to 264.87KN, and it’s also similar to the measured data 263.22KN.
This paper mainly studies on the models and mechanism of steel sheet pile, and proposes two kinds of instability problems about the steel sheet pile: First, the supporting structure has not enough strength or stiffness to support the load and there are several destruction forms including support buckling, pull-anchor damage, excessive deformation of the supporting structure and bending failure. The second problem is the soil instability of the foundation pit.
The forms of instability include sliding of foundation pit, subversion of the supporting structure, kick damage of the supporting structure, uplift instability of the foundation pit soil, leakage instability of foundation pit (piping or drifting sand) and heavy-piping instability of the foundation pit soil. The mechanics method is applied to obtain the
Moment of steel sheet pile curve graph
Axial force of soil anchor curve
code formula from a reasonable discussion and systematical analysis. In the first instability problem, it uses the equivalent beam method and “m” method of elastic foundation beam methods to obtain the conclusion that the finite element method is a more ideal stability analysis method which we can use to deal with the strength problems and deformation problems, because the equivalent beam method does not involve the structure’s deformation and “m” method does not involve the strength problems of soil.
In the second type of instability problems, according to the different steel sheet pile supporting basic form, and put forward different form steel sheet pile foundation pit supporting overall sliding stability analysis superposition methods, namely: Steel sheet pile supporting the stability analysis method, the influence of water that its safety coefficient calculation Eq. is:
Supported steel sheet pile retaining stability analysis method. Its safety coefficient calculation Eq. is:
Have anchor steel sheet pile retaining stability analysis method. Its safety coefficient calculation Eq. is:
The two types of instability problems combine, focus on the soil and steel sheet pile between interface slippage characteristics of plane strain finite element method and the methods of realization in software, in f foundation excavation engineering examples, this method sheet pile supporting stability analysis of practicality.
In this paper, the stability of the steel sheet pile supporting has just made some preliminary studies in numerical simulation analysis, due to the limited conditions of the foundation pit supporting soil constitutive model parameters, the Duncan a (D - C) soil constitutive model parameters are given access to relevant information, resulting in the numerical calculation results there are certain differences, due to the complexity of soil properties of materials, the parameter value is often very difficult to grasp, should pass tests, and to determine the soil constitutive model parameters are optimized in the analysis; and this paper a symmetric model is used to take the half, this analogy is not quite reasonably, because even before the soil level of excavation isotropic, but often undergone asymmetry of foundation pit excavation, it will cause the whole system of foundation pit of stress and deformation fields of asymmetry. Therefore, there is still large room for further improvement in using numerical simulation to analyze the stability of steel sheet pile supporting.
Snake envenomation or exposure to the toxin from snakebite is a common worldwide occurrence and especially greatest in tropical and subtropical regions. It has a devastating impact on human health as well as the economy through treatment expenditure and loss of productivity [1, 2]. The incidence of snakebite is mostly associated with the warm regions where economic activities of the inhabitants are predominantly agriculture [3].
The incidence of snakebite is sometimes under-documented. Chippaux [4] reported that annually the total number of snake-bites might exceed 5 million with snake-bite mortality of 1,25,000 in the world. It has been reported that the highest burden of snakebite incidence is seen in the rural poor communities of tropical countries in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa with an estimate of over 3,14,000 bites, 7300 deaths and nearly 6000 amputations occurring from snakebites annually in Sub-Saharan Africa [5].
In Nigeria the majority of snake species that are of medical importance belong to three families viz., Viperidae (Vipers and Adder),
The purposive sampling technique was used in sampling respondents in areas that have a history of snakebite incidence, which served as a key informant, courtesy calls was made to the chiefs of the snake charmers association with an introductory letter explaining the purpose of the study and how they can be of help. An interview was conducted comprising 18 professional snake charmers with good knowledge of snakes from various local governments in the North eastern States. Based on the outcome of the interview, ten (10) professional snake charmers were recruited to participate in the study for effective snake capture. Endemic areas were sampled as a study sites and primary data were collected through the administration of questionnaires (Figure 1).
Map of the Snake endemic areas.
The quantitative part of the study was conducted in the community whereby the households were randomly selected in all three areas. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Purposive sampling was used to select the sample size in each village. To avoid the repetition of data, one questionnaire was administered to one participant from each household. Only individuals older than 18 years with a minimum of 3 years continuous stay in the village were interviewed. Gender was considered in order to accommodate 50% of women respondents. Participation was on a voluntary basis and oral consent.
The questionnaire comprises of closed-ended questions, this technique provided valuable information on circumstances where humans encountered snakes in their daily life. The following main issues were addressed in the questionnaire: (a) frequency of encounters with snakes (b) frequency of snakebites (c) knowledge that people have on snakes and (d) views and conceptions that people have on snakes. The response after snake encounters was also investigated. Different social and economic activities that expose human beings to snakebite, as well as correlation with seasonal variation with high snakes encounters, were also studied. Applying the protocol of Kipanyula and Kimaro [10] required information is generated from the data collected.
Data on snakebites were collected at the Kaltungo General Hospital within the period of 1 year i.e. 2018. The hospital is one of the major snakebite treatment center and serves as a referral for the neighboring States as well. Furthermore, snake anti-venom is free at this center as a result of which there is huge influx of people to the center. Information was retrieved on snakebites such as the number of snakebite cases managed by the clinic, the age of the victims, as well as the type of treatment and antivenom used, etc. Snakebite victims often came with death snakes to the hospital for identification purposes and as such specimens were preserved in 4% formalin fixative medium in order to keep the snake intact with minimum artifacts. This method has been proved to be a highly efficient way of gathering large numbers of specimens.
All specimens collected from both field investigations and treatment centers were examined. Some morphometric variables such as color pattern of the snake were assessed. The quantitative phospholipidosis variable such as scale pattern, number of dorsal scale rows, ventral and sub-caudal scales were noted. These entire variables were assessed for an accurate and efficient identification purpose [11].
Specimens were identified using a key provided by Meirte [12] and the identification crosschecked with Spawls and Branch [13] and also Chippaux [3]. Common and local names were also noted. Keys that could be used to identify up to the species level from the book entitled “Snakes of Western and Central Africa” level were also referred to in the study (https://www.whitman.edu/snakekey).
In total, 10 snake species were encountered within the span of 6 months from July to December 2018 (see Table 1). About 45 dead snakes were retrieved from snakebite victims while they were being treated in the hospital. The rest were captured by snake charmers/catchers during field surveys. Morphological characteristics were assessed for accurate identification purposes. The following snake species were identified as shown in Table 1 (Figures 2–9). The most abundant snake species is the
Family | Specie | Local Names | English | Frequency of encounter | Venomous/non venomous |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Viperidae | Kububuwa/gobeda nisa | Carpet viper | 28(46) | Venomous | |
Viperidae Viperidae | Kasa — | Puff adder Night adder | 13(21) 7(11) | Venomous Venomous | |
Elapidae | Kumurci | Black spitting cobra | 4(6.5) | Venomous | |
Elapidae | — | Malian cobra | 2(3.2) | Venomous | |
Elapidae | — | Cape cobra | 1(1.6) | Venomous | |
Elapidae | — | Green cobra | 1(1.6) | Venomous | |
Elapidae Elapidae Colubridae | Damatsiri/micinzinmata Gansheka - | Black mamba Egyptian cobra Bloomslang Rock python | 2(3.2) 1(1.6) 1(1.6) 1(1.6) 1(1.6) 61 | Venomous Venomous Venomous Venomous Non venomous |
A list of snake species of the Alkaleri, Kaltungo and Karim Lamido North-Eastern Nigeria.
Bitis
The number of human snakebites cases reported at the Kaltungo snakebite treatment center in Gombe is presented in Table 2. It serves as a major free referral center for all the neighboring victims of snakebite, About 2945 snakebite cases was recorded within the year 2018, the highest snake envenoming were observed in October with 16.7%frequency while January has the least snakebite cases of 1.7%.
Months | Number of snakebite | Percentage frequency (%) |
---|---|---|
January | 53 | 1.7 |
February | 137 | 4.6 |
March | 138 | 4.6 |
April | 229 | 7.7 |
May | 230 | 7.8 |
June | 257 | 8.7 |
July | 356 | 12 |
August | 347 | 11.7 |
September | 345 | 11.7 |
October | 485 | 16.5 |
November | 311 | 10.5 |
December | 57 | 1.9 |
Total | 2945 | 100 |
The number of snakebite cases reported At the Kaltungo general hospital over the period of one year 2018.
January happened to be the month with least incident of snake bites, while highest incident was recorded within the month of July to November. However, from July to November, the snake bites incident peaked because it is the wet season which encourages the snakes to come out from their habitats and roam because the environment and the weather is convenient for them.
The age group distribution of the reported snakebite cases is presented in the (Table 3) below and it indicated that most snakebite victims are between the age group of 0–20 (n = 1306) and 21–40 (n = 931) while the least are reported in the elderly.
Age group(years) | Number of snakebite | Percentage frequency (%) |
---|---|---|
1–20 | 1306 | 44 |
21–40 | 931 | 31 |
41–60 | 635 | 21 |
61 ≥ | 73 | 2.5 |
Age group distributions of snakebite cases reported At Kaltungo general hospital.
The Gender distributions of snakebite cases reported at Kaltungo General Hospital is showed in (Table 4), with 78% frequency of snakebite in males while 22%were reported in females.
649 | 22 | |
2296 | 78 | |
2, 945 | 100 |
Gender distributions of snakebite cases reported at Kaltungo General Hospital.
The result in Table 5 shows highest distribution of 36 was obtained among 21–30 years age group while the least was 2 among the oldest age groups 51–60 and 61-above years. Subject distribution according to sex was higher among male subjects (61 out of 100).Farmers happened to have higher frequency when compared with cattle rearers (44).
Variable | Kaltungo (%) | Alkaleri (%) | Karim Lamido% | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age group(yrs) | ||||
18–20 | 14(15.5) | 5(5.5) | 7(7.7) | 26 |
21–30 | 8(8.8) | 15(15.5) | 11(12.2) | 33 |
31–40 | 5(5.5) | 7(7.7) | 8(8.8) | 20 |
41–50 | 2(2.2) | 2(2.2) | 1(1.1) | 5 |
51–61 | 0 | 1(1.10) | 1(1.1) | 4 |
61 above | 1(1.1) | 1(1.1) | 0 | 2 |
Total | 30 | 30 | 30 | 100 |
Sex | ||||
Male | 24(26.6) | 20(22.2) | 27(30) | 78.6 |
Female | 6(6.5) | 10(11.1) | 3(3.3) | 20.9 |
Total | 30 | 30 | 30 | 100 |
Occupation | ||||
Farming | 16(18) | 21(23) | 14(15) | 56 |
Cattle rearers | 14(15) | 9(10) | 16(17) | 42 |
Total | 30 | 30 | 30 | 100 |
Socio-demographic characteristics of respondent from Gombe (Kaltungo), Bauchi (Alkalarie) and Taraba (Karim Lamido).
Table 6 describes incident of snake bite and frequency of snake encounter by the subjects. Most of the subjects had encounter with snakes less than 10 times per month (77/100).
Variable | Kaltungo % | Alkaleri % | Karim Lamido% | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Snake encountered | Few | |||
Highly | 30(33) | 30(33) | 25(27.7) | |
Moderately | 0 | 0 | 5(5.5) | |
Monthly encounter | <10 20–30 >30 | 19(21) 10(11.1) 1(1.1) | 25(27.7) 5(5.5) 0 | 29(32) 1(1.1) 0 |
Most snake spp. encountered | 28(31.1) | 20(22.2) | 18(20) | |
1(1.1) 0 | 2(2.2) 1(1.1) | 7(7.7) 1(1.1) | ||
1(1.1) | 4(4.4) | 3(3.3) | ||
0 | 1(1.1) | 1(1.1) | ||
0 | 0 | 0 | ||
0 | 1(1.1) 1(1.1) | 0 0 | ||
Time of the year Circumstance of Bite Site of bite Time of bite Snakebite treatment center Limiting snake | Rainy season Dry season Walking Working Hand Leg Eye Morning Evening Night Yes No Rearing pig killing planting trees | 0 0 0 22(24.6) 8 8 22(24.6) 4(4.4) 26(28.8) 0 5(5.5) 22(24.6) 2(2.2) 30(33.3) 0 25(27.7) 5(5.5) 0 | 0 0 0 20(22.2) 10(11.1) 14 16 7(7.7) 22(24.6) 1 3(3.3) 27(30) 0 30(33.3) 0 23(25.5) 6(6.6) 1(1.1) | 0 0 0 25(27.70 5(5.5) 5 25(27.7) 6(6.6) 23 1(1.1) 18(20) 12(13.3) 1(1.1) 0 30(33.3) 28(31.1) 2(2.2) 0 |
Incidence of snakebite and encounter.
In this study 10 venomous snake species were recorded in the North Eastern State of Gombe, Taraba and Bauchi which are snake endemic communities in Nigeria. The climatic condition of the region provides an ideal environment for such savannah dwelling faunas. Similar species were also reported by previous researchers based on hospital survey records [14]. It also correlates with other studies [15] where 14 venomous snakes were reported in Nigeria [16] with
The most abundant snake species obtained from the study (Table 6) is the
During the course of this study a total number of 2945 snakebite cases have been recorded within the year 2018 only. The Kaltungo General Hospital in Gombe has been and is still a major snakebite treatment center in the Northeast and served as a major referral center for all neighboring victims of snakebite. The anti-snake venom in this hospital is totally free this could be the reason behind the increased influx of snakebite victims to the Hospital. This correlates with several studies in this region that reported an average lethality of 100–150 in hospitals and an overall mortality of 15.6 daily in Kaltungo [7, 18, 19, 20].
The highest snakebite envenoming in (Table 2) was reported between the months of August to October (rainy season) with the frequency of 11.5–16%, reason might be as a result of rainy season which coincided with the peak agricultural and pastoralist activities of the people. January happened to be the month with least incident of snake bites, while highest incident was recorded within the month of July to November. This discrepancy could be due to the fact that January is a Harmattan season (a very cold and dry season) which forces all cold-blooded animals (including snakes) to hide in the caves or burrows. However, from July to November, the snake bites incident peaked because it is the wet season which encourages the snakes to come out from their habitats and roam because the environment and the weather is convenient for them. Also, most of the snakes breed in this season thereby increasing their population and thus higher contact with humans. These findings are accordance with Chippaux in 2017 that reported about 74% of hospital beds have been occupied by snakebite victims, it contradicts the study [21, 22] in forest regions bites occurs almost throughout the year.
Males are bitten more often than females as shown in (Table 3) with reported 61 male snakebite victims and 39 females. This wide gap could be a result of males being considered as breadwinners of their homes and they are mostly engaged in farming which is considered a major source of employment. The similar results have been obtained [23]. Similarly, bites are most common in children and adolescents as having the highest snake envenomation of 1306 (44%) this is as a result of they often play with their bare hands in burrows in search of small vertebrates to supplement their diet.
Based on the outcome of the questionnaire in (Table 6) 100% of the respondent from Kaltungo, Alkalarie and Bambur have encountered snakes in their life to some extent and they consider their areas to harbor the highest number of snake species. The most medically important snake species in those areas are
The majority of snakebites as shown in (Table 6) occur either in the late afternoon or early evening, times it might occur at night while the people are sleeping. In such cases, the snakes are mostly searching for food inside houses. Interestingly according to Chippaux [4] and Habib [15] reported that some species especially
Over 77 out of 100 of the bites are located on the lower limb, especially below the knee. This is because most of the bites occur during agricultural work, hunting, or movement related to work. Bites to the hand or eye are uncommon to rare, but not exceptional, especially among farmers who work with traditional tools with short handles or in children who dig or play with their bare hands in burrows in search of small vertebrates to supplement their diet. All these increases their chances of exposure to such snakes this is also in accordance with earlier workers [4, 24, 26].
Snake envenomation is increasingly recognized as a serious, worldwide public health concern and a neglected tropical disease of global importance, especially in North Eastern Nigeria. In this study, 10 venomous snake species were reported in Gombe, Taraba and Bauchi States (Figure 1).
The findings of this study will be very significant in a future studies on various applied aspects.
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His studies in robotics lead him not only to a PhD degree but also inspired him to co-found and build the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems - world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"441",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Jaekyu",middleName:null,surname:"Park",slug:"jaekyu-park",fullName:"Jaekyu Park",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/441/images/1881_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"LG Corporation (South Korea)",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"465",title:"Dr",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Martens",slug:"christian-martens",fullName:"Christian Martens",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"479",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",middleName:null,surname:"Colla",slug:"valentina-colla",fullName:"Valentina Colla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/479/images/358_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies",country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"494",title:"PhD",name:"Loris",middleName:null,surname:"Nanni",slug:"loris-nanni",fullName:"Loris Nanni",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/494/images/system/494.jpg",biography:"Loris Nanni received his Master Degree cum laude on June-2002 from the University of Bologna, and the April 26th 2006 he received his Ph.D. in Computer Engineering at DEIS, University of Bologna. On September, 29th 2006 he has won a post PhD fellowship from the university of Bologna (from October 2006 to October 2008), at the competitive examination he was ranked first in the industrial engineering area. He extensively served as referee for several international journals. He is author/coauthor of more than 100 research papers. He has been involved in some projects supported by MURST and European Community. His research interests include pattern recognition, bioinformatics, and biometric systems (fingerprint classification and recognition, signature verification, face recognition).",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"496",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Leon",slug:"carlos-leon",fullName:"Carlos Leon",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Seville",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"512",title:"Dr.",name:"Dayang",middleName:null,surname:"Jawawi",slug:"dayang-jawawi",fullName:"Dayang Jawawi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Technology Malaysia",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"528",title:"Dr.",name:"Kresimir",middleName:null,surname:"Delac",slug:"kresimir-delac",fullName:"Kresimir Delac",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/528/images/system/528.jpg",biography:"K. 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Pinheiro and Gonçalo C. Justino",authors:[{id:"76687",title:"Dr.",name:"Gonçalo",middleName:null,surname:"Justino",slug:"goncalo-justino",fullName:"Gonçalo Justino"},{id:"120322",title:"Mr.",name:"Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"Pinheiro",slug:"pedro-pinheiro",fullName:"Pedro Pinheiro"}]},{id:"54382",doi:"10.5772/67718",title:"Antioxidant Capacity of Anthocyanin Pigments",slug:"antioxidant-capacity-of-anthocyanin-pigments",totalDownloads:3197,totalCrossrefCites:18,totalDimensionsCites:45,abstract:"Anthocyanins are a family of natural pigments classified into the group of flavonoids, considered to be responsible for the color and taste of many fruits and vegetables, i.e. berries. Anthocyanins are common components of the human diet. Besides their interest as colorant because of their coloring properties, the study of anthocyanin compounds stems from their wide applicability in the prevention and even in the treatment of various human diseases. However, various aspects of the pharmacological roles of anthocyanins remain in the dark, having still several obstacles to the development of robust diets or prescribing lines on consumption of anthocyanins. The chemical structure of anthocyanins determines in large measure its capacity and efficacy as an antioxidant agent. In this study, the following aspects are reviewed: the antioxidant effect of anthocyanin pigments; the oxidative stress, the bioavailability after intake and biological aspects of anthocyanins, the method for measuring the antioxidant activity of anthocyanins, the relationship between structure and activity; and the influence of the anthocyanins in the antioxidant activity of wines. Finally an overview of some potential uses in food industry is attempted mainly focusing in the anthocyanin encapsulation topic. Attention has been paid to the more recent publications in the field.",book:{id:"5828",slug:"flavonoids-from-biosynthesis-to-human-health",title:"Flavonoids",fullTitle:"Flavonoids - From Biosynthesis to Human Health"},signatures:"Julia Martín, Eugenia Marta Kuskoski, María José Navas and Agustín\nG. Asuero",authors:[{id:"190870",title:"Dr.",name:"Agustín G.",middleName:null,surname:"Asuero",slug:"agustin-g.-asuero",fullName:"Agustín G. Asuero"},{id:"190871",title:"Dr.",name:"Julia",middleName:null,surname:"Martín",slug:"julia-martin",fullName:"Julia Martín"},{id:"195470",title:"Dr.",name:"Mª José",middleName:null,surname:"Navas",slug:"ma-jose-navas",fullName:"Mª José Navas"},{id:"198932",title:"Dr.",name:"Eugenia Marta",middleName:null,surname:"Kuskoski",slug:"eugenia-marta-kuskoski",fullName:"Eugenia Marta Kuskoski"}]},{id:"54574",doi:"10.5772/67861",title:"Flavonoids: Classification, Biosynthesis and Chemical Ecology",slug:"flavonoids-classification-biosynthesis-and-chemical-ecology",totalDownloads:4380,totalCrossrefCites:15,totalDimensionsCites:32,abstract:"Flavonoids are natural products widely distributed in the plant kingdom and form one of the main classes of secondary metabolites. They display a large range of structures and ecological significance (e.g., such as the colored pigments in many flower petals), serve as chemotaxonomic marker compounds and have a variety of biological activities. Therefore, they have been extensively investigated but the interest in them is still increasing. The topics that will be discussed in this chapter describe the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis, the roles of flavonoids in flowers, fruits and roots and mechanisms involved in pollination and their specific functions in the plant.",book:{id:"5828",slug:"flavonoids-from-biosynthesis-to-human-health",title:"Flavonoids",fullTitle:"Flavonoids - From Biosynthesis to Human Health"},signatures:"Erica L. Santos, Beatriz Helena L.N. Sales Maia, Aurea P. Ferriani and\nSirlei Dias Teixeira",authors:[{id:"200495",title:"Dr.",name:"Erica",middleName:null,surname:"Santos",slug:"erica-santos",fullName:"Erica Santos"},{id:"200497",title:"Prof.",name:"Beatriz Helena",middleName:null,surname:"Sales Maia",slug:"beatriz-helena-sales-maia",fullName:"Beatriz Helena Sales Maia"},{id:"205184",title:"MSc.",name:"Aurea",middleName:null,surname:"Ferriani",slug:"aurea-ferriani",fullName:"Aurea Ferriani"},{id:"205185",title:"Prof.",name:"Sirlei",middleName:null,surname:"Teixeira",slug:"sirlei-teixeira",fullName:"Sirlei Teixeira"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"32936",title:"Phytochemicals: Extraction Methods, Basic Structures and Mode of Action as Potential Chemotherapeutic Agents",slug:"phytochemicals-extraction-methods-basic-structures-and-mode-of-action-as-potential-chemotherapeutic-",totalDownloads:95158,totalCrossrefCites:15,totalDimensionsCites:113,abstract:null,book:{id:"878",slug:"phytochemicals-a-global-perspective-of-their-role-in-nutrition-and-health",title:"Phytochemicals",fullTitle:"Phytochemicals - A Global Perspective of Their Role in Nutrition and Health"},signatures:"James Hamuel Doughari",authors:[{id:"65370",title:"Dr.",name:"James",middleName:null,surname:"Hamuel Doughari",slug:"james-hamuel-doughari",fullName:"James Hamuel Doughari"}]},{id:"55821",title:"New Insights Regarding the Potential Health Benefits of Isoflavones",slug:"new-insights-regarding-the-potential-health-benefits-of-isoflavones",totalDownloads:2742,totalCrossrefCites:6,totalDimensionsCites:9,abstract:"Isoflavones are a class of plant secondary metabolites, with an estrogen‐like structure presenting a plethora of biological activities. The chapter discusses important facts about this class of phytoestrogens, from biosynthesis to the latest research about their health benefits. The following major points discussed are: biosynthesis, regulation, isolation, metabolism and bioavailability, isoflavones in diet and intake, and new insights regarding the therapeutic effect including cancer chemoprevention. The chapter ends with a mini review of own research of the anti‐inflammatory and chemopreventive activity of isoflavonoid genistein alone and incorporated in modern pharmaceutical formulations. The chapter updates the interested researchers in the field with the latest progress regarding potential health benefits of isoflavones.",book:{id:"5828",slug:"flavonoids-from-biosynthesis-to-human-health",title:"Flavonoids",fullTitle:"Flavonoids - From Biosynthesis to Human Health"},signatures:"Corina Danciu, Suciu Oana, Diana Simona Antal, Florina Ardelean, Aimée Rodica\nChiş, Codruţa Şoica, Florina Andrica, Cristina Dehelean and Vlaicu Brigitha",authors:[{id:"141027",title:"Dr.",name:"Cristina",middleName:null,surname:"Dehelean",slug:"cristina-dehelean",fullName:"Cristina Dehelean"},{id:"186372",title:"Prof.",name:"Corina",middleName:null,surname:"Danciu",slug:"corina-danciu",fullName:"Corina Danciu"},{id:"186678",title:"Dr.",name:"Codruta",middleName:null,surname:"Soica",slug:"codruta-soica",fullName:"Codruta Soica"},{id:"186679",title:"Dr.",name:"Diana",middleName:null,surname:"Antal",slug:"diana-antal",fullName:"Diana Antal"},{id:"205282",title:"Dr.",name:"Florina",middleName:null,surname:"Ardelean",slug:"florina-ardelean",fullName:"Florina Ardelean"},{id:"205283",title:"Dr.",name:"Aimée Rodica",middleName:null,surname:"Chis",slug:"aimee-rodica-chis",fullName:"Aimée Rodica Chis"},{id:"205284",title:"Dr.",name:"Florina",middleName:null,surname:"Andrica",slug:"florina-andrica",fullName:"Florina Andrica"}]},{id:"54574",title:"Flavonoids: Classification, Biosynthesis and Chemical Ecology",slug:"flavonoids-classification-biosynthesis-and-chemical-ecology",totalDownloads:4380,totalCrossrefCites:15,totalDimensionsCites:32,abstract:"Flavonoids are natural products widely distributed in the plant kingdom and form one of the main classes of secondary metabolites. They display a large range of structures and ecological significance (e.g., such as the colored pigments in many flower petals), serve as chemotaxonomic marker compounds and have a variety of biological activities. Therefore, they have been extensively investigated but the interest in them is still increasing. The topics that will be discussed in this chapter describe the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis, the roles of flavonoids in flowers, fruits and roots and mechanisms involved in pollination and their specific functions in the plant.",book:{id:"5828",slug:"flavonoids-from-biosynthesis-to-human-health",title:"Flavonoids",fullTitle:"Flavonoids - From Biosynthesis to Human Health"},signatures:"Erica L. Santos, Beatriz Helena L.N. Sales Maia, Aurea P. Ferriani and\nSirlei Dias Teixeira",authors:[{id:"200495",title:"Dr.",name:"Erica",middleName:null,surname:"Santos",slug:"erica-santos",fullName:"Erica Santos"},{id:"200497",title:"Prof.",name:"Beatriz Helena",middleName:null,surname:"Sales Maia",slug:"beatriz-helena-sales-maia",fullName:"Beatriz Helena Sales Maia"},{id:"205184",title:"MSc.",name:"Aurea",middleName:null,surname:"Ferriani",slug:"aurea-ferriani",fullName:"Aurea Ferriani"},{id:"205185",title:"Prof.",name:"Sirlei",middleName:null,surname:"Teixeira",slug:"sirlei-teixeira",fullName:"Sirlei Teixeira"}]},{id:"54713",title:"Isolation and Structure Identification of Flavonoids",slug:"isolation-and-structure-identification-of-flavonoids",totalDownloads:3846,totalCrossrefCites:10,totalDimensionsCites:19,abstract:"Flavonoids, which possess a basic C15 phenyl‐benzopyrone skeleton, refer to a series of compounds in which two benzene rings (ring A and B) are connected to each other through three carbon atoms. Based on their core structure, flavonoids can be grouped into different flavonoid classes, such as flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavanonols, anthocyanidins, isoflavones and chalcones. Flavonoids are often hydroxylated in positions 3, 5, 7, 3′, 4′ and/or 5′. Frequently, one or more of these hydroxyl groups are methylated, acetylated, prenylated or sulfated. In plants, flavonoids are often present as O‐ or C‐glycosides. The O‐glycosides have sugar substituents bound to a hydroxyl group of the aglycone, usually located at position 3 or 7, whereas the C‐glycosides have sugar groups bound to a carbon of the aglycone, usually 6‐C or 8‐C. The most common carbohydrates are rhamnose, glucose, galactose and arabinose. This chapter mainly introduces the methods of isolation and structure identification of flavonoids.",book:{id:"5828",slug:"flavonoids-from-biosynthesis-to-human-health",title:"Flavonoids",fullTitle:"Flavonoids - From Biosynthesis to Human Health"},signatures:"Weisheng Feng, Zhiyou Hao and Meng Li",authors:[{id:"197976",title:"Prof.",name:"Weisheng",middleName:null,surname:"Feng",slug:"weisheng-feng",fullName:"Weisheng Feng"},{id:"204969",title:"Dr.",name:"Zhiyou",middleName:null,surname:"Hao",slug:"zhiyou-hao",fullName:"Zhiyou Hao"},{id:"204970",title:"Dr.",name:"Meng",middleName:null,surname:"Li",slug:"meng-li",fullName:"Meng Li"}]},{id:"56399",title:"Onions: A Source of Flavonoids",slug:"onions-a-source-of-flavonoids",totalDownloads:3240,totalCrossrefCites:6,totalDimensionsCites:18,abstract:"Flavonoids are a large and diverse group of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant effects, and onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the richest sources of dietary flavonoids. Flavonoid content is affected by endogenous factors—genotype and agro-environmental conditions. Considerable research has been directed toward understanding the nature of polyphenols in different products and the factors influencing their accumulation. This review examines the impacts of pre- and postharvest factors on onions’ flavonoid content, highlighting how this knowledge may be used to modulate their composition and the potential use of onion by-products.",book:{id:"5828",slug:"flavonoids-from-biosynthesis-to-human-health",title:"Flavonoids",fullTitle:"Flavonoids - From Biosynthesis to Human Health"},signatures:"Ana Sofia Rodrigues, Domingos P.F. 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The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",issn:"2633-1403",scope:"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly developing multidisciplinary research area that aims to solve increasingly complex problems. In today's highly integrated world, AI promises to become a robust and powerful means for obtaining solutions to previously unsolvable problems. This Series is intended for researchers and students alike interested in this fascinating field and its many applications.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/14.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"June 11th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:9,editor:{id:"218714",title:"Prof.",name:"Andries",middleName:null,surname:"Engelbrecht",slug:"andries-engelbrecht",fullName:"Andries Engelbrecht",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRNR8QAO/Profile_Picture_1622640468300",biography:"Andries Engelbrecht received the Masters and PhD degrees in Computer Science from the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, in 1994 and 1999 respectively. He is currently appointed as the Voigt Chair in Data Science in the Department of Industrial Engineering, with a joint appointment as Professor in the Computer Science Division, Stellenbosch University. Prior to his appointment at Stellenbosch University, he has been at the University of Pretoria, Department of Computer Science (1998-2018), where he was appointed as South Africa Research Chair in Artifical Intelligence (2007-2018), the head of the Department of Computer Science (2008-2017), and Director of the Institute for Big Data and Data Science (2017-2018). In addition to a number of research articles, he has written two books, Computational Intelligence: An Introduction and Fundamentals of Computational Swarm Intelligence.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Stellenbosch University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"South Africa"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:6,paginationItems:[{id:"22",title:"Applied Intelligence",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/22.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11418,editor:{id:"27170",title:"Prof.",name:"Carlos",middleName:"M.",surname:"Travieso-Gonzalez",slug:"carlos-travieso-gonzalez",fullName:"Carlos Travieso-Gonzalez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/27170/images/system/27170.jpeg",biography:"Carlos M. Travieso-González received his MSc degree in Telecommunication Engineering at Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Spain in 1997, and his Ph.D. degree in 2002 at the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC-Spain). He is a full professor of signal processing and pattern recognition and is head of the Signals and Communications Department at ULPGC, teaching from 2001 on subjects on signal processing and learning theory. His research lines are biometrics, biomedical signals and images, data mining, classification system, signal and image processing, machine learning, and environmental intelligence. He has researched in 52 international and Spanish research projects, some of them as head researcher. He is co-author of 4 books, co-editor of 27 proceedings books, guest editor for 8 JCR-ISI international journals, and up to 24 book chapters. He has over 450 papers published in international journals and conferences (81 of them indexed on JCR – ISI - Web of Science). He has published seven patents in the Spanish Patent and Trademark Office. He has been a supervisor on 8 Ph.D. theses (11 more are under supervision), and 130 master theses. He is the founder of The IEEE IWOBI conference series and the president of its Steering Committee, as well as the founder of both the InnoEducaTIC and APPIS conference series. He is an evaluator of project proposals for the European Union (H2020), Medical Research Council (MRC, UK), Spanish Government (ANECA, Spain), Research National Agency (ANR, France), DAAD (Germany), Argentinian Government, and the Colombian Institutions. He has been a reviewer in different indexed international journals (<70) and conferences (<250) since 2001. He has been a member of the IASTED Technical Committee on Image Processing from 2007 and a member of the IASTED Technical Committee on Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems from 2011. \n\nHe has held the general chair position for the following: ACM-APPIS (2020, 2021), IEEE-IWOBI (2019, 2020 and 2020), A PPIS (2018, 2019), IEEE-IWOBI (2014, 2015, 2017, 2018), InnoEducaTIC (2014, 2017), IEEE-INES (2013), NoLISP (2011), JRBP (2012), and IEEE-ICCST (2005)\n\nHe is an associate editor of the Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience Journal (Hindawi – Q2 JCR-ISI). He was vice dean from 2004 to 2010 in the Higher Technical School of Telecommunication Engineers at ULPGC and the vice dean of Graduate and Postgraduate Studies from March 2013 to November 2017. He won the “Catedra Telefonica” Awards in Modality of Knowledge Transfer, 2017, 2018, and 2019 editions, and awards in Modality of COVID Research in 2020.\n\nPublic References:\nResearcher ID http://www.researcherid.com/rid/N-5967-2014\nORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4621-2768 \nScopus Author ID https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6602376272\nScholar Google https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=G1ks9nIAAAAJ&hl=en \nResearchGate https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Carlos_Travieso",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"23",title:"Computational Neuroscience",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/23.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11419,editor:{id:"14004",title:"Dr.",name:"Magnus",middleName:null,surname:"Johnsson",slug:"magnus-johnsson",fullName:"Magnus Johnsson",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/14004/images/system/14004.png",biography:"Dr Magnus Johnsson is a cross-disciplinary scientist, lecturer, scientific editor and AI/machine learning consultant from Sweden. \n\nHe is currently at Malmö University in Sweden, but also held positions at Lund University in Sweden and at Moscow Engineering Physics Institute. \nHe holds editorial positions at several international scientific journals and has served as a scientific editor for books and special journal issues. \nHis research interests are wide and include, but are not limited to, autonomous systems, computer modeling, artificial neural networks, artificial intelligence, cognitive neuroscience, cognitive robotics, cognitive architectures, cognitive aids and the philosophy of mind. \n\nDr. Johnsson has experience from working in the industry and he has a keen interest in the application of neural networks and artificial intelligence to fields like industry, finance, and medicine. \n\nWeb page: www.magnusjohnsson.se",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Malmö University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Sweden"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"24",title:"Computer Vision",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/24.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11420,editor:{id:"294154",title:"Prof.",name:"George",middleName:null,surname:"Papakostas",slug:"george-papakostas",fullName:"George Papakostas",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002hYaGbQAK/Profile_Picture_1624519712088",biography:"George A. Papakostas has received a diploma in Electrical and Computer Engineering in 1999 and the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering in 2002 and 2007, respectively, from the Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Greece. Dr. Papakostas serves as a Tenured Full Professor at the Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University, Greece. Dr. Papakostas has 10 years of experience in large-scale systems design as a senior software engineer and technical manager, and 20 years of research experience in the field of Artificial Intelligence. Currently, he is the Head of the “Visual Computing” division of HUman-MAchines INteraction Laboratory (HUMAIN-Lab) and the Director of the MPhil program “Advanced Technologies in Informatics and Computers” hosted by the Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University. He has (co)authored more than 150 publications in indexed journals, international conferences and book chapters, 1 book (in Greek), 3 edited books, and 5 journal special issues. His publications have more than 2100 citations with h-index 27 (GoogleScholar). His research interests include computer/machine vision, machine learning, pattern recognition, computational intelligence. \nDr. Papakostas served as a reviewer in numerous journals, as a program\ncommittee member in international conferences and he is a member of the IAENG, MIR Labs, EUCogIII, INSTICC and the Technical Chamber of Greece (TEE).",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"International Hellenic University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Greece"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"25",title:"Evolutionary Computation",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/25.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11421,editor:{id:"136112",title:"Dr.",name:"Sebastian",middleName:null,surname:"Ventura Soto",slug:"sebastian-ventura-soto",fullName:"Sebastian Ventura Soto",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/136112/images/system/136112.png",biography:"Sebastian Ventura is a Spanish researcher, a full professor with the Department of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis, University of Córdoba. Dr Ventura also holds the positions of Affiliated Professor at Virginia Commonwealth University (Richmond, USA) and Distinguished Adjunct Professor at King Abdulaziz University (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). Additionally, he is deputy director of the Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI) and heads the Knowledge Discovery and Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory. He has published more than ten books and over 300 articles in journals and scientific conferences. Currently, his work has received over 18,000 citations according to Google Scholar, including more than 2200 citations in 2020. In the last five years, he has published more than 60 papers in international journals indexed in the JCR (around 70% of them belonging to first quartile journals) and he has edited some Springer books “Supervised Descriptive Pattern Mining” (2018), “Multiple Instance Learning - Foundations and Algorithms” (2016), and “Pattern Mining with Evolutionary Algorithms” (2016). He has also been involved in more than 20 research projects supported by the Spanish and Andalusian governments and the European Union. He currently belongs to the editorial board of PeerJ Computer Science, Information Fusion and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence journals, being also associate editor of Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing and IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics. Finally, he is editor-in-chief of Progress in Artificial Intelligence. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE Computer, the IEEE Computational Intelligence, and the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Societies, and the Association of Computing Machinery (ACM). Finally, his main research interests include data science, computational intelligence, and their applications.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Córdoba",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/26.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11422,editor:{id:"24555",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Aceves Fernandez",slug:"marco-antonio-aceves-fernandez",fullName:"Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/24555/images/system/24555.jpg",biography:"Dr. Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez obtained his B.Sc. (Eng.) in Telematics from the Universidad de Colima, Mexico. He obtained both his M.Sc. and Ph.D. from the University of Liverpool, England, in the field of Intelligent Systems. He is a full professor at the Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Mexico, and a member of the National System of Researchers (SNI) since 2009. Dr. Aceves Fernandez has published more than 80 research papers as well as a number of book chapters and congress papers. He has contributed in more than 20 funded research projects, both academic and industrial, in the area of artificial intelligence, ranging from environmental, biomedical, automotive, aviation, consumer, and robotics to other applications. He is also a honorary president at the National Association of Embedded Systems (AMESE), a senior member of the IEEE, and a board member of many institutions. 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His research interests include swarm intelligence, parallel and distributed metaheuristics, machine learning, intelligent agents and multi-agent systems, resource planning, scheduling and optimization, combinatorial optimization. Dr. Aydin is currently a Fellow of Higher Education Academy, UK, a member of EPSRC College, a senior member of IEEE and a senior member of ACM. In addition to being a member of advisory committees of many international conferences, he is an Editorial Board Member of various peer-reviewed international journals. 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(Eng.) in Telematics from the Universidad de Colima, Mexico. He obtained both his M.Sc. and Ph.D. from the University of Liverpool, England, in the field of Intelligent Systems. He is a full professor at the Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Mexico, and a member of the National System of Researchers (SNI) since 2009. Dr. Aceves Fernandez has published more than 80 research papers as well as a number of book chapters and congress papers. He has contributed in more than 20 funded research projects, both academic and industrial, in the area of artificial intelligence, ranging from environmental, biomedical, automotive, aviation, consumer, and robotics to other applications. He is also a honorary president at the National Association of Embedded Systems (AMESE), a senior member of the IEEE, and a board member of many institutions. His research interests include intelligent and embedded systems.",institutionString:"Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro",institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Queretaro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7726",title:"Swarm Intelligence",subtitle:"Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7726.jpg",slug:"swarm-intelligence-recent-advances-new-perspectives-and-applications",publishedDate:"December 4th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Javier Del Ser, Esther Villar and Eneko Osaba",hash:"e7ea7e74ce7a7a8e5359629e07c68d31",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Swarm Intelligence - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",editors:[{id:"49813",title:"Dr.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Del Ser",slug:"javier-del-ser",fullName:"Javier Del Ser",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49813/images/system/49813.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Javier Del Ser received his first PhD in Telecommunication Engineering (Cum Laude) from the University of Navarra, Spain, in 2006, and a second PhD in Computational Intelligence (Summa Cum Laude) from the University of Alcala, Spain, in 2013. He is currently a principal researcher in data analytics and optimisation at TECNALIA (Spain), a visiting fellow at the Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM) and a part-time lecturer at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). His research interests gravitate on the use of descriptive, prescriptive and predictive algorithms for data mining and optimization in a diverse range of application fields such as Energy, Transport, Telecommunications, Health and Industry, among others. In these fields he has published more than 240 articles, co-supervised 8 Ph.D. theses, edited 6 books, coauthored 7 patents and participated/led more than 40 research projects. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE, and a recipient of the Biscay Talent prize for his academic career.",institutionString:"Tecnalia Research & Innovation",institution:null}]},{type:"book",id:"7656",title:"Fuzzy Logic",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7656.jpg",slug:"fuzzy-logic",publishedDate:"February 5th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Constantin Volosencu",hash:"54f092d4ffe0abf5e4172a80025019bc",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Fuzzy Logic",editors:[{id:"1063",title:"Prof.",name:"Constantin",middleName:null,surname:"Volosencu",slug:"constantin-volosencu",fullName:"Constantin Volosencu",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/1063/images/system/1063.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Constantin Voloşencu graduated as an engineer from\nPolitehnica University of Timișoara, Romania, where he also\nobtained a doctorate degree. He is currently a full professor in\nthe Department of Automation and Applied Informatics at the\nsame university. Dr. Voloşencu is the author of ten books, seven\nbook chapters, and more than 160 papers published in journals\nand conference proceedings. He has also edited twelve books and\nhas twenty-seven patents to his name. He is a manager of research grants, editor in\nchief and member of international journal editorial boards, a former plenary speaker, a member of scientific committees, and chair at international conferences. His\nresearch is in the fields of control systems, control of electric drives, fuzzy control\nsystems, neural network applications, fault detection and diagnosis, sensor network\napplications, monitoring of distributed parameter systems, and power ultrasound\napplications. 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