Released this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
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We wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
IntechOpen is proud to announce that 191 of our authors have made the Clarivate™ Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020, ranking them among the top 1% most-cited.
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Throughout the years, the list has named a total of 261 IntechOpen authors as Highly Cited. Of those researchers, 69 have been featured on the list multiple times.
\n\n\n\n
Released this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\n
We wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
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This industry is spread out in countries of four continents - Asia, Africa, America, and Europe - which operate mines and production plants and produce fertilizers. Phosacid is one of the most widely known acids. The global phosacid market and its many phosphate derivatives are expanding worldwide; this trend is expected to continue in the next years, thus producing innovative products.",isbn:"978-953-51-3354-4",printIsbn:"978-953-51-3353-7",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-4750-3",doi:"10.5772/63661",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"phosphoric-acid-industry-problems-and-solutions",numberOfPages:170,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:1,isInBkci:!1,hash:"ec75fb45faeb353659ea5c4d962db77e",bookSignature:"Michael Schorr Wiener and Benjamin Valdez",publishedDate:"July 12th 2017",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5595.jpg",numberOfDownloads:15486,numberOfWosCitations:12,numberOfCrossrefCitations:5,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:21,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:0,hasAltmetrics:1,numberOfTotalCitations:38,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"May 23rd 2016",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"June 13th 2016",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"September 9th 2016",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"December 8th 2016",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"February 6th 2017",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6,7",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"16436",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael",middleName:null,surname:"Schorr",slug:"michael-schorr",fullName:"Michael Schorr",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/16436/images/system/16436.jpg",biography:"Michael Schorr is a Professor and Doctor Honoris Causa at the Institute of Engineering of the University of Baja California in Mexico, and a member of the Mexican National System of Investigators, Level II. He was granted the B.Sc. degree in Chemistry and the M.Sc. degree in Materials Engineering, both by the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology and, during the period of 1986-2004, served as Editor of the Corrosion Reviews journal. He was actively involved in the development of desalination processes in Israel, focusing particularly on the selection and testing of corrosion-resistant materials required for fabrication of the pertinent equipment and plants. Professor Schorr has fifty years of experience in controlling environmental and industrial corrosion in Latin America, Europe, USA, South Africa and Israel. He authored and co-authored 240 scientific and technical publications on corrosion science, engineering and technology, as well as several books in English, Spanish and Hebrew.",institutionString:"Autonomous University of Baja California",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"6",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"2",institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Baja California",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:{id:"65522",title:"Dr.",name:"Benjamin",middleName:null,surname:"Valdez",slug:"benjamin-valdez",fullName:"Benjamin Valdez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/65522/images/system/65522.jpg",biography:"Benjamin Valdez is the director of the Institute of Engineering of the University of Baja California, a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences and the National System of Researchers of Mexico. He was granted a B.S. degree in Chemical Engineering, an M.Sc. degree in Chemistry and a PhD. in Chemistry by the Autonomous University of Guadalajara. He has been Guest Editor for several special issues in journals on materials and member of the editorial boards of Corrosion Reviews, Corrosion Engineering Science and Technology and Revista Metalurgia. Dr. Valdez is the Coordinator of the National Corrosion Network. He is a full professor at the University of Baja California participating in activities on basic research, technological development and teaching postgraduate programs at the UABC and the Autonomous University of Campeche. His activities include research on the topics; corrosion and materials, electrochemical and industrial processes, chemical processing of agricultural and natural products, and consultancy in corrosion control in industrial plants and environments. He is the author of books, chapters in books and scientific articles on electrochemistry, biodeterioration and corrosion of materials and general chemistry. He is the head of the corrosion and materials department and the founder of the master and doctoral program in sciences and engineering for UABC. His professional career includes the collaboration with chemical, oil, water and energy industries of Mexico, and the preservation of the industrial infrastructure.",institutionString:"Autonomous University of Baja California",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"9",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"3",institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Baja California",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"490",title:"Industrial Chemistry",slug:"industrial-chemistry"}],chapters:[{id:"55389",title:"Thermochemistry and Kinetics of the Reactions of Apatite Phosphates with Acid Solutions (II)",doi:"10.5772/68087",slug:"thermochemistry-and-kinetics-of-the-reactions-of-apatite-phosphates-with-acid-solutions-ii-",totalDownloads:1880,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The principal material in the phosphate ores is composed of calcium fluorapatite Ca10(PO4)6F2, in which the various components have been partially substituted by magnesium, sodium, carbonate, and hydroxyl ions. These substitutions affect the stability of the material and its reactivity toward the acid attack. The present chapter reports the influence of carbonates and magnesium on these properties. Using different calorimeters, dissolution experiments of carbonated and noncarbonated Ca and Ca/Mg apatites were carried out in acid solutions leading to thermochemical quantities. The results show that substitution of carbonate for F ions in the channel (to get A-type carbonate F-apatites) results in increasing the stability of the edifice, while substitution of CO3 for PO4 in fluor- or hydroxyapatites (to get B-type apatites) leads to a decrease in stability. The latter phenomenon was also observed when substituting magnesium for calcium in F-apatites. The presence of the former in the apatite structure results in an increase of the speed of dissolution in acid solution that is enhanced when carbonate is also replacing phosphate groups. Dissolution mechanism of synthesized Ca/Mg F-apatites seems to be a one-step process, while dissolution of a Gafsa (TN) natural phosphate to get superphosphate fertilizer is more complex.",signatures:"Mohamed Jemal",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/55389",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/55389",authors:[{id:"15449",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohamed",surname:"Jemal",slug:"mohamed-jemal",fullName:"Mohamed Jemal"}],corrections:null},{id:"56294",title:"Recent Trends in Phosphatase-Mediated Bioremediation",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.68658",slug:"recent-trends-in-phosphatase-mediated-bioremediation",totalDownloads:2123,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Industrial effluents from tanneries and electroplating industries from small‐ and large‐scale sector industrial plants contain substantial amount of toxic heavy metal, which pollutes rivers and lakes, land, air and sea leading to imbalance of ecosystem and certain health issues to humans, animals as well as plants. The worldwide environmental regulations stipulate the reduction of heavy metals in the effluents to permissible levels before discharging into water bodies. Enzyme‐mediated precipitation of heavy metals affords a novel eco‐friendly method for remediation of toxic heavy metals from various industrial effluents like tannery, electroplating and dye industries. This chapter has paid attention to bacterial alkaline phosphatase (BAP) from Escherichia coli C90 and calf‐intestinal alkaline phosphatase (CIAP), which catalyses phospho mono‐ and diesters and produces inorganic phosphate (Pi). The Pi thus generated precipitates the heavy metals as metal‐phosphate complexes. The kinetic behaviour of both the enzymes with para‐nitrophenyl phosphate, ascorbic acid 2‐phosphate and α‐naphthyl phosphate was investigated at various pH regimes from 8 to 11. The chapter also explains in detail the descriptive information on the capability of BAP‐ and CIAP‐mediated precipitation of heavy metals, which is desirable and convenient method for the toxic heavy metals such as chromium, cadmium, nickel and cobalt.",signatures:"Gouri Chaudhuri, Uma Selvaraj, Venu Babu and Richard W.\nThilagaraj",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/56294",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/56294",authors:[{id:"192857",title:"Dr.",name:"Richard",surname:"Thilagaraj",slug:"richard-thilagaraj",fullName:"Richard Thilagaraj"},{id:"195962",title:"Dr.",name:"P. Venu",surname:"Babu",slug:"p.-venu-babu",fullName:"P. Venu Babu"},{id:"195963",title:"Dr.",name:"Gouri",surname:"Chaudhuri",slug:"gouri-chaudhuri",fullName:"Gouri Chaudhuri"},{id:"195964",title:"Ms.",name:"Uma",surname:"Selvaraj",slug:"uma-selvaraj",fullName:"Uma Selvaraj"}],corrections:null},{id:"55434",title:"Diluted Thermopressurized Phosphoric Acid: A Gentle Proton Donor for Polysaccharide Acid Depolymerization and (Bio)processing",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.68236",slug:"diluted-thermopressurized-phosphoric-acid-a-gentle-proton-donor-for-polysaccharide-acid-depolymeriza",totalDownloads:1710,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Phosphorus is a very important element for several metabolic pathways in all living organisms as exemplified by DNA, RNA, glucose and fructose-P, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The whole metabolism of phosphate in any living organism involves the catalysis carried out by many enzymes, such as kinases, pyrophosphorylases, isomerases, and phosphatases. Symptoms of hypophosphatemia include neurological dysfunction and disruption of muscle and blood cells and could be caused by malnutrition, failure to absorb phosphate, and metabolic syndromes. Phosphoric acid is widely used as an acidifying agent in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations as an acidulant, flavor, and synergistic antioxidant and sequestering. At the laboratorial and industrial territories, due to safety precautions, phosphoric acid may be considered a valid acid alternative for stronger and risky acids such as sulfuric, hydrochloric, and nitric acids. Furthermore, phosphoric acid, among the mineral acids, is less corrosive for steel and all goods made therefrom. Taking into account all these favorable arguments, the applied research at our laboratory (LQBB) is focused, with success, in the utilization of much diluted and moderately thermopressurized phosphoric acid (o-PA) in the pretreatment of polysaccharides for many biotechnological, as oligosaccharides production, important prebiotics for the human gastrointestinal tract.",signatures:"José Domingos Fontana, Marcela Tiboni and Heidegrid Siebert\nKoop",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/55434",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/55434",authors:[{id:"192320",title:"Prof.",name:"José Domingos",surname:"Fontana",slug:"jose-domingos-fontana",fullName:"José Domingos Fontana"},{id:"195692",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcela",surname:"Tiboni",slug:"marcela-tiboni",fullName:"Marcela Tiboni"},{id:"195694",title:"Dr.",name:"Heidegrid",surname:"Siebert Koop",slug:"heidegrid-siebert-koop",fullName:"Heidegrid Siebert Koop"}],corrections:null},{id:"56162",title:"Phosphoric Acid Industry: Problems and Solutions",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.70031",slug:"phosphoric-acid-industry-problems-and-solutions",totalDownloads:5188,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:9,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:"Phosphoric acid (PA) is an important industrial chemical used as an intermediate in the fertilizer industry, for metal surface treatment in the metallurgical industry and as an additive in the food industry. The PA industry is spread out worldwide in Europe, Asia and America, including countries that operate phosphate rock (PR) mines and produce PA, phosphatic fertilizers and phosphate-based products.",signatures:"Benjamín Valdez Salas, Michael Schorr Wiener and Juan Ricardo\nSalinas Martinez",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/56162",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/56162",authors:[{id:"16436",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael",surname:"Schorr",slug:"michael-schorr",fullName:"Michael Schorr"}],corrections:null},{id:"55219",title:"Occupational, Public and Environmental Radiological Impact Caused by the Phosphoric Acid Industry: The Case of Huelva (Spain)",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.68567",slug:"occupational-public-and-environmental-radiological-impact-caused-by-the-phosphoric-acid-industry-the",totalDownloads:1358,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The production of phosphate fertilizers usually uses as raw material sedimentary phosphate rock, which contains enhanced concentrations from U‐series radionuclides about 10–100 times higher than unperturbed soils. This fact implies the need for evaluating the radiological implications of this activity. In our case, the study has been performed in a large fertilizer industrial complex located at Huelva town (SW of Spain), where sedimentary phosphate rock has been processed since 1965 to 2010, generating annually an average of about 2.5 million tons of a by‐product called phosphogypsum (PG), which has been stored in big stacks 1 km away from Huelva city, covering 1000 ha. The fluxes of the radionuclides of interest along the production process and the effective doses received by the workers have been determined. In addition, the radioecological impact associated to the waste management strategy followed has been evaluated.",signatures:"José Luis Guerrero‐Márquez, Fernando Mosqueda Peña, Juan\nMantero, Guillermo Manjón, Rafael García‐Tenorio and Juan Pedro\nBolívar",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/55219",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/55219",authors:[{id:"57724",title:"Dr.",name:"Guillermo",surname:"Manjon",slug:"guillermo-manjon",fullName:"Guillermo Manjon"},{id:"111020",title:"Prof.",name:"Juan Pedro",surname:"Bolivar",slug:"juan-pedro-bolivar",fullName:"Juan Pedro Bolivar"},{id:"111022",title:"Prof.",name:"Rafael",surname:"Gacia Tenorio",slug:"rafael-gacia-tenorio",fullName:"Rafael Gacia Tenorio"},{id:"193940",title:"Dr.",name:"Fernando",surname:"Mosqueda",slug:"fernando-mosqueda",fullName:"Fernando Mosqueda"},{id:"193941",title:"Dr.",name:"Juan",surname:"Mantero",slug:"juan-mantero",fullName:"Juan Mantero"},{id:"193942",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"José Luis",surname:"Guerrero-Márquez",slug:"jose-luis-guerrero-marquez",fullName:"José Luis Guerrero-Márquez"}],corrections:null},{id:"54724",title:"Phosphate-Based Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials: Design, Construction and Technological Applications",doi:"10.5772/68140",slug:"phosphate-based-organic-inorganic-hybrid-materials-design-construction-and-technological-application",totalDownloads:1546,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The art of designing and synthesizing organic molecules has reached very high levels of sophistication, based on a relatively simple set of rules that guide both the invention and synthesis of new compounds. This set of rules is construed as the rational synthetic method of organic chemistry. As material chemists confronted to the task of building new solid structures with tailored chemical properties, we do inevitably need to develop some rational approach and to establish the corresponding set of rules allowing a realistic level of predictive knowledge in the construction of solid scaffolds. These conditions are reasonably accomplished by the use of layered salts of tetravalent transition metals, namely zirconium phosphate (ZrP). The placing of organic molecules between the layers of ZrP is quite straightforward, can easily be controlled and leads to enduring, solid materials where the confinement makes the organic molecules to show new properties at the supramolecular level. The chemistry of metal phosphates/phosphonates will be detailed in relation with the following topics: (i) molecular recognition, (ii) chemically driven porosity changes, (iii) chiral memory and supramolecular chirality, (iv) luminescence signalling, (v) photo-induced electron-transfer processes, (vi) hydrogen storage, (vii) confinement of drugs and (viii) metal uptake.",signatures:"Hussein M. H. Alhendawi, Ernesto Brunet and Elena Rodríguez-\nPayán",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/54724",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/54724",authors:[{id:"104228",title:"Prof.",name:"Ernesto",surname:"Brunet",slug:"ernesto-brunet",fullName:"Ernesto Brunet"},{id:"193745",title:"Dr.",name:"Hussein",surname:"Alhendawi",slug:"hussein-alhendawi",fullName:"Hussein Alhendawi"},{id:"193746",title:"Dr.",name:"Elena",surname:"Rodríguez-Payán",slug:"elena-rodriguez-payan",fullName:"Elena Rodríguez-Payán"}],corrections:null},{id:"54906",title:"Purification of Phosphoric Acid by Liquid‐Liquid Equilibrium",doi:"10.5772/67926",slug:"purification-of-phosphoric-acid-by-liquid-liquid-equilibrium",totalDownloads:1684,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Various ternary and quaternary liquid‐liquid phase equilibrium data for water + phosphoric acid + solvent(s) have been reported. Salting‐out, solvent, and temperature effects on the binodal curve and the tie lines have been highlighted and the capability of solvents with different functional groups to extract phosphoric acid from water has been compared. Studying of influence of magnetic, electromagnetic, and ultrasonic fields on the separation factors and distribution coefficients of aqueous phosphoric acid mixtures has been proposed. Moreover, a summary of the optimized binary interaction values, which resulted from non‐random two‐liquid (NRTL) and universal quasi‐chemical (UNIQUAC) thermodynamic models using genetic algorithm (GA), bee algorithm (BA), and simulated annealing (SA), has been presented. Group method of data handling (GMDH) and linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) methods for the correlation of experimental liquid‐liquid equilibrium (LLE) data have been used.",signatures:"Khatereh Bahrpaima",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/54906",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/54906",authors:[{id:"193562",title:"Dr.",name:"Khatereh",surname:"Bahrpaima",slug:"khatereh-bahrpaima",fullName:"Khatereh Bahrpaima"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},subseries:null,tags:null},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"51",title:"Desalination",subtitle:"Trends and Technologies",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"desalination-trends-and-technologies",bookSignature:"Michael Schorr",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/51.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"16436",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael",surname:"Schorr",slug:"michael-schorr",fullName:"Michael Schorr"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophile",surname:"Theophanides",slug:"theophile-theophanides",fullName:"Theophile Theophanides"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. 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\r\n\tMany existing drugs have the potential to be repurposed for the treatment of cancer by way of their known metabolic, antiangiogenic, apoptotic, epigenetic and immunologic bioactivities. Most of these drugs are in common use, relatively inexpensive and less toxic than conventional approved anti-cancer agents. These repurposed agents may be particularly useful in areas where standard oncology drugs are unaffordable or inaccessible, and for the frail or elderly where toxicities of standard agents are a major concern, or for refractory cancer cases when standard options have been exhausted.
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\r\n\tThis volume will provide a comprehensive scientific background, clinical evidence as well as recommendations for practical applications of a majority of these repurposed agents.
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1. Introduction
Neuroblastoma is a cancer of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, derived from embryonic neural crest cells (a neuroendocrine tumor) and is one of the few cancers known to undergo spontaneous regression from an undifferentiated state to a benign tumor.
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, accounting for 7% to 8% of all childhood cancers. The prevalence is about 1 case per 7,000 live births. This incidence is fairly uniform throughout the world, at least for industrialized nations. Neuroblastoma is slightly more common in boys than in girls, with a male-to-female sex ratio of 1.1 to 1 in most large studies [1]. While it accounts for 7% of all childhood malignancies, neuroblastoma accounts for 10% of childhood cancer mortality. Neuroblastoma is a pediatric neoplasm that is the most common cancer diagnosed during infancy. POG and CCG institutions from 1986 to 2001 showed a median age at diagnosis of about 19 months. In this cohort, 36% were infants, 89% were younger than 5 years, and 98% were diagnosed by 10 years of age. The distribution of cases by age shows that this is a disease of infancy and early childhood, with the highest number of cases diagnosed in the first month of life [2].
2. Current outcome
Patients with low- and intermediate-risk NBL have an overall survival rate exceeding 90% with a trend toward minimization of therapy [3,4,5]. Standard therapy for patients with high-risk NBL involves multi-agent chemotherapy induction, surgery and external beam radiotherapy, myeloablative consolidation with autologous hematopoietic stem cell recue and biologic agents, including the recent demonstration that GD2- directed immunotherapy combined with cytokines significantly improves survival. Despite these achievements, 50% of patients with newly diagnosed high-risk disease, and less than 10% of patients whose disease recurs, will survive [6].
3. General remarks
Neuroblastoma is very often called “enigmatic tumor” for its broad spectrum of clinical presentation, biological features and prognosis varying from clinically incidence benign to unresectable or metastic disease with very poor outcomes. Neuroblastomas can arise anywhere throughout the sympathetic nervous system, most common primary site is adrenal gland, followed by abdominal (extraadrenal), thoracic, cervical, and pelvic sympathetic ganglia. Neuroblastoma metastasizes to lymph nodes, bone marrow, bones (long bones, flat bone soft the scull, orbits), liver, and skin, rarely to lungs or brain. Widespread bone and bone marrow disease causes bone pain, which can lead to limping, or irritability in a younger child. There may be bone marrow replacement and symptoms such as anemia, bleeding, or infection. Skin involvement is seen almost exclusively in infants with INSS stage Ms (4S) tumors and is characterized by a variable number of nontender, bluish subcutaneous nodules.
Constitutional symptoms associated with disseminated disease may include failure to thrive and fever, the latter observed most often in the presence of extensive bone metastases [7]
Regional lymph node metastases are noted in up to 35% of patients with apparently localized tumors and 30% of patients with stage M (4) and Ms (4S) disease also have regional lymph node involvement. Spread of tumor to lymph nodes outside the cavity of origin is considered to be INSS stage 4 disease, but these patients may have a better outlook if there is no bone marrow, cortical bone, or other parenchymal organ involvement. [8,9]
Most primary tumors occur within the abdomen (65%), although the frequency of adrenal tumors is slightly higher in children (40%) compared with infants (25%). Infants also have more thoracic and cervical primary tumors. A primary tumor cannot be found in about 1% of patients.
4. Staging and stratification
The for decades used surgical-pathologic International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) – Table 1 [10] has been recently replaced by the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Staging System (INRGSS) [11]. The INRGSS uses radiologic features to distinguish locoregional tumors (Table 2) that do not involve local structures (INRGS L1) from locally invasive tumors (INRGS L2), exhibiting image defined risk factors (Table 3) [12]. Stages M and MS refer to tumors that are widely metastatic or have an INSS 4 and 4s pattern of disease, respectively. Neuroblastoma is classified into low-, intermediate-, or high-risk categories based upon clinical and biological features, with risk category correlating with outcome. The recently proposed INRG classification defines similar cohorts that will be used to assess clinical trial outcome. The International Neuroblastoma Response Criteria (INRC) provide a common basis for disease response comparisons across clinical trials [13]. Importantly, the INRC has limitations with respect to definitions of metastatic site response not measurable using anatomical imaging (bone and bone marrow). A National Cancer Institute-sponsored international meeting was held in 2012 to develop updated consensus response guidelines. Response components of a revised INRC will includeprimary tumor dimensions using anatomic imaging, and metastatic disease assessment using 123I-MIBG imaging and quantification of bone marrow disease.
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tStage 1: \n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
Localized tumor with complete gross excis ion, with or without microscopic residual disease; representative ipsilateral lymph nodes negati ve for tumor microscopically (nodes attached and removed with the primary tumor may be positive)
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tStage 2A: \n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
Localized tumor with incomplete gross excision; representative ipsilateral nonadherent lymph nodes negative for tumor microscopically
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tStage 2B: \n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
Localized tumor withor without komplete gross excision, with ipsilateral nonadherentlymph nodes positive for tumor. Enlarged contralateral lymph nodes must benegative microscopically
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tStage 3:\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
Unresectable unilateral tumor infiltrating across the midline, with or without regional lymph node involvement; or localized unilateral tumorwith contralateral regional lymphnode involvement; or midline tumor with bilateral extensit by infiltration (unresectable) or by lymph node involvement
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tStage 4: \n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
Any primary tumor with dissemination to distant lymph nodes, bone, bone marrow, liver, skin, and/or other organs (except as defined for stage 4S)
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tStage 4S: \n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
Localized primary tumor (as defined for stage 1, 2A, or2B), with dissemin ation limited to skin, liver and/or bone marrow (limited to infants <1 year of age)
\n\t\t
\n\t
Table 1.
International Neuroblastoma Staging System
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tIpsilateral tumor extension within two body compartments\n\t\t\t
Tumor compressing the trachea and/or principal bronchi
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
Lower mediastinal tumor, infiltrating the costo-vertebral junction between T9 and T12
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
Thoraco-abdominal
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
Tumor encasing the aorta and/or vena cava
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
Abdomen/pelvis
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
Tumor infiltrating the porta hepatis and/or the hepatoduodenal ligament
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
Tumor encasing branches of the superior mesenteric artery at the mesenteric root
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
Tumor encasing the origin of the coeliac axis, and/or of the superior
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
mesenteric artery
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
Tumor invading one or both renal pedicles
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
Tumor encasing the aorta and/or vena cava
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
Tumor encasing the iliac vessels
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
Pelvic tumor crossing the sciatic notch
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
Intraspinal tumor extension whatever the location provided that:
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
More than one third of the spinal canal in the axial plane is invaded and/or the perimedullary leptomeningeal spaces are not visible and/or the spinal cord signal is abnormal
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
Infiltration of adjacent organs/structures
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
Pericardium, diaphragm, kidney, liver, duodeno-pancreatic block, and mesentery
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
Conditions to be recorded, but not considered IDRFs
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
Multifocal primary tumors
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
Pleural effusion, with or without malignant cells
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
Ascites, with or without malignant cells
\n\t\t
\n\t
Table 2.
Image-defined risk factors (IDRFs)
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tL1:
\n\t\t\t
Localized tumor not involving vital structures as defined by the list of image-defined risk factors and confined to one body compartment
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tL2:
\n\t\t\t
Locoregional tumor with presence of one or more image-defined risk factors
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tM:
\n\t\t\t
Distant metastatic disease (expect stage MS)
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tMS:
\n\t\t\t
Metastatic disease in children younger than 18 months with metastases confined to skin, liver, and/or bone marrow
\n\t\t
\n\t
Table 3.
International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Staging System
5. Sporadic and familiar neuroblastoma
Most neuroblastomas occur sporadically; around 1-2% are familial and associated with multiple primary tumours, usually occurring at <18 months of age. Familial disease has the same diverse clinical behaviour as somatic neuroblastoma, ranging from aggressive progression to spontaneous regression.11 Within the last 10 years significant advances have been in the understanding of hereditary neuroblastoma, with germline mutations in two genes ALK and paired homeobox 2b gene PHOX2B accounting for the majority of cases, which may present in the neonatal period. ALK mutations are now known to be the most now known common cause of hereditary neuroblastoma, and in familial neuroblastoma [14,15,16]
6. Associated conditions
Neuroblastoma can be associated with several inborn conditions, like Hirschsprung disease, congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS or Ondine’s curse), neurofibromatosis type I, or Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
7. Clinical presentation
The presenting signs and symptoms of neuroblastoma are highly variable with a broad spectrum. Presenting symptoms of neuroblastoma depend on the location of the primary tumor, presence of metastatic lesions, systemic symptoms from catecholamine secretion. Weight loss and fever are present at advanced stages neuroblastoma.
8. Anatomical site of the primary tumour
8.1. Head and neck
Unilateral palpable mass developing in infants or in preschool age children, rarely are diagnosed in newborn mimicking cervical teratoma. [17]
Horners syndrome (ptosis, miosis, anophthalmos, anhydrosis). This syndrome is unilateral, Tatli reported a 28 old child with bilateral prosis [18]. Primary cervical neuroblastoma are ussually non agressive and thein prognosis is very good. But some are fatal - extremely rare case described Güzelmansur et al. – diagnosed prenatally with progression to brain. [19]
Orbit and eye exophthalmoses, periorbital ecchymoses (raccoon eyes), palpable masses, edema of conjunctiva, papilledema, strabismus, anisocoria. The periorbital ecchymoses can be present in about 20% of disseminated neuroblastoma. This clinical findings is related to obstruction of the palpebral ond orbita vessels by metastatic lesions within orbital bones. Frequently these children are investigated for an abuse or a trauma (basal skull fractures) [20,21]. Usually further systemic symptoms are present – weight loss, fever.
Opsoclonus also known as dancing-eye syndrome, presents in early childhood with opsoclonus (rapid, multidirectional, conjugate eye movements) usually associated with myoclonus, ataxia, and behavioral changes such as irritability and sleep problems.– opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) [22]
Chest Upper thoracic tumours: Primary thoracic tumors present as symptomatic masses or can be discovered incidentally when chest radiographs are obtained to evaluate patients for other reasons. High thoracic and cervical masses can be associated with Horner syndrome, which consists of unilateral ptosis, myosis, and anhydrosis. Occasionally, large thoracic tumors are associated with mechanical obstruction and resultant superior vena cava syndrome.
Lower thoracic tumours: usually no symptoms, usually accidental discovery on chest X-ray or thoracic CT performed for other reasons.
8.2. Abdominal neuroblastoma
About 60% of primary neuroblastomas arise in the abdomen, two thirds of them are from the adrenal glands (adrenal neuroblastoma), one third are from paravertebral ganglion (extraadrenal neuroblastoma). Only about one tenth of neuroblastoma are detected as an abdominal mass during a routine examination. The mass is ussually fixed,and firm.
Symptoms: abdominal pain or fullness, abdominal mass, or rarely intestinal obstruction, enlarged and/or displaced liver and spleen. Massive involvement of the liver with metastatic disease is particularly frequent in infants with stage Ms (4S) and may result in respiratory compromise (Pepper Syndrome). Occasionally, the size of primary or metastatic abdominal tumors can result in compression of venous and lymphatic drainage from the lower extremities, leading to scrotal and lower extremity edema. Rarely, patients will experience renin-mediated hypertension because of compromise of renal vasculature.
Hypertension, tachycardia, flushing, and sweating are uncommon symptoms because epinephrine is rarely released from most neuroblastomas, since they lack the enzyme necessary for synthesis.
Only about one tenth of neuroblastoma are detected as an abdominal mass during a routine examination. The mass is ussually fixed,and firm.
Spontaneous rupture from hemorrhage into the tumor occurs very rarely and only in rapidly growing tumors.
There is a small subgroup of abdominal neuroblastomas arising near to the aortic bifurcation (commonly called organ of Zuckerkandl, O. Z.) to assess their biologic outcome and problems in diagnosis and therapy. The organ of Zuckerkandl comprises of a small mass of chromaffin cells derived from neural crest located along the aorta, beginning cranial to the superior mesenteric artery or renal arteries and extending to the level of the aortic bifurcation or just beyond. When neuroblastoma arises these small organs, normally not visible on radiographs, then it could cause compression of bowel or urine bladder (constipation, enuresis) [23].
Paraspinal tumors in the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic regions are able to invade the spinal canal through the neural foramina ( dumbbell tumor) causing spinal cord compression and cause symptoms related to compression of nerve roots and spinal cord. The range of symptomatology includes subacute or acute paraplegia, bladder or bowel dysfunction, or less commonly radicular pain.
9. Paraneoplastic syndrome
Up to 2% of patients present with opsoclonus and myoclonus (OMS) (myoclonic jerking and random eye movements). Often have localized disease and a good long-term prognosis. Opsoclonus and myoclonus syndrome is manifested by rapid and chaotic eye movements, ataxia, and myoclonia. Most children with this syndrome have a favorable outcome with respect to their tumor, as this syndrome is correlated with an immune-mediated antitumor host response [24].
Autonomous tumor secretion of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is another paraneoplastic syndrome (Kerner-Morrison Syndrome) that is rarely associated with neuroblastoma. VIP secretion can cause abdominal distension and intractable secretory diarrhea with associated hypokalemia ; these symptoms usually resolve after removal of the tumor. chronic watery diarrhea preceded the diagnosis of the tumor; these patients were considered to have ‘‘Primary VIP secreting NTs.’’
10. Metastatic disease
NBL is associated with lymphatic and hematogenous metastatic disease.
Regional lymph node metastases are noted in 35% of patients with apparently localized tumors.
The most common sites for hematogenous spread are: bones (skull, long bones, ribs, vertebras),bone marrow, liver, skin and rarely brain or lungs.
Signs and symptoms of metastatic neuroblastoma include:
Pain and limping, sphenoid bone and retrobulbar tissue involvement causes orbital ecchymoses swelling and proptosis (raccoon face), infants present as irritable and fussy. Bone marrow involvement may result in pancytopenia. Respiratory distress may occur in young babies with Stage IVS (Ms) disease - due to enlarged liver. Skin or subcutaneous nodules are seen almost only in infants. These nodules are non-tender, bluish and mobile - called the “blueberry muffin sign”.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the project for the conceptual development of research organization 00064203.
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Introduction",level:"1"},{id:"sec_2",title:"2. Current outcome",level:"1"},{id:"sec_3",title:"3. General remarks",level:"1"},{id:"sec_4",title:"4. Staging and stratification",level:"1"},{id:"sec_5",title:"5. Sporadic and familiar neuroblastoma",level:"1"},{id:"sec_6",title:"6. Associated conditions",level:"1"},{id:"sec_7",title:"7. Clinical presentation",level:"1"},{id:"sec_8",title:"8. Anatomical site of the primary tumour",level:"1"},{id:"sec_8_2",title:"8.1. Head and neck ",level:"2"},{id:"sec_9_2",title:"8.2. Abdominal neuroblastoma",level:"2"},{id:"sec_11",title:"9. Paraneoplastic syndrome",level:"1"},{id:"sec_12",title:"10. Metastatic disease",level:"1"},{id:"sec_13",title:"Acknowledgments",level:"1"}],chapterReferences:[{id:"B1",body:'Spix C, Pastore G, Sankila R, Stiller CA, Steliarova-Foucher E. Neuroblastoma incidence and survival in European children (1978–1997): report from the Automated Childhood Cancer Information System project. Eur J Cancer 2006;42:2081–91. '},{id:"B2",body:'Brodeur GM, Maris JM. Neuroblastoma. In: Pizzo PA, Poplack DG, eds. Principles and practice of pediatric oncology. 5th ed. Philadelphia PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006:933–970)'},{id:"B3",body:'Strother DR, London WB, Schmidt ML, et al. Outcome after surgery alone or with restricted use of chemotherapy for patients with low-risk neuroblastoma: Results of Children’s Oncology Group study P964. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:1842–1848.; '},{id:"B4",body:'Baker DL, Schmidt ML, Cohn SL, et al. Outcome after reduced chemotherapy for intermediate-risk neuroblastoma. N Engl J Med 2010;363:1313–1323.; '},{id:"B5",body:'De Bernardi B, Mosseri V, Rubie H, et al. Treatment of localised resectable neuroblastoma. Results of the LNESG1 study by the SIOP Europe Neuroblastoma Group. Br J Cancer 2008;99:1027–1033). '},{id:"B6",body:'Matthay KK, Reynolds CP, Seeger RC, et al. Long-term results for children with high-risk neuroblastoma treated on a randomized trial of myeloablative therapy followed by 13-cis-retinoic acid: A children’s oncology group study. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:1007–1013.)'},{id:"B7",body:'Garrett MB, Hogarty MD: Neuroblastoma In: Pizzo PA, Poplack D: Principles and Practice of Pediatric Oncology, pp. 884-886'},{id:"B8",body:'DuBois SG, Kalika Y, Lukens JN, et al. Metastatic sites in stage IV and IVS neuroblastoma correlate with age, tumor biology, and survival. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1999;21:181–189.'},{id:"B9",body:'Brodeur GM, Pritchard J, Berthold F, et al. Revisions of the international criteria for neuroblastoma diagnosis, staging, and response to treatment. J Clin Oncol 1993;11:1466–1477. '},{id:"B10",body:'Monclair T, Brodeur GM, Ambros PF, et al. The International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) staging system: An INRG Task Force report. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:298–303]. '},{id:"B11",body:'Cecchetto G, Mosseri V, De Bernardi B, et al. Surgical risk factors in primary surgery for localized neuroblastoma: The LNESG1 study of the European International Society of Pediatric Oncology Neuroblastoma Group. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:8483–8489.'},{id:"B12",body:'Dubois SG, London WB, Zhang Y, et al. Lung metastases in neuroblastoma at initial diagnosis: a report from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) project. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:589–592'},{id:"B13",body:'Mosse YP, Laudenslager M, Longo L, et al. Identification of ALK as a major familial neuroblastoma predisposition gene. Nature 2008;455(7215):930e5.'},{id:"B14",body:'Chiarle R, Voena C, Ambrogio C, Piva R, Inghirami G. The anaplastic lymphoma kinase in the pathogenesis of cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2008;8:11e23. '},{id:"B15",body:'Trochet D, Bourdeaut F, Janoueix-Lerosey I, et al. Germline mutations of the paired-like homeobox 2B (PHOX2B) gene in neuroblastoma. Am J Hum Genet 2004;74:761e4'},{id:"B16",body:'Gorincour G, Dugougeat-Pilleul F, Bouvier R, Lorthois-Ninou S, Devonec S, Gaucherand P, Pracros JP, Guibaud L. Prenatal presentation of cervical congenital neuroblastoma Prenat Diagn. 2003 Aug;23(8):690-3'},{id:"B17",body:'Tatli B, Saribeyoğlu ET, Aydinli N, Calişkan M, Anak S. Neuroblastoma: an unusual presentation with bilateral ptosis. Pediatr Neurol. 2004 Apr;30(4):284-6.)'},{id:"B18",body:'Güzelmansur I, Aksoy HT, Hakverdi S, Seven M, Dilmen U, Dilmen GFetal cervical neuroblastoma: prenatal diagnosis. Case Report Med. 2011;2011:529749. Epub 2011 Aug 4'},{id:"B19",body:'Gumus K: A child with raccoon eyes masquerading as trauma.. Int Ophthalmol. 2007 Dec;27(6):379-81. Epub 2007 May 30'},{id:"B20",body:' Ahmed S, Goel S, Khandwala M, Agrawal A, Chang B, Simmons IG: Neuroblastoma with orbital metastasis: ophthalmic presentation and role of ophthalmologists Eye (Lond). 2006 Apr;20(4):466-70'},{id:"B21",body:'Brunklaus A, Pohl K: Outcome and Prognostic Features in Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome From Infancy to Adult LifePediatrics Vol. 128 No. 2 August 1, 2011 pp. e388 -e394'},{id:"B22",body:' Berdon WE, Stylianos S, Ruzal-Shapiro C, Hoffer F, Cohen M.: Neuroblastoma arising from the organ of Zuckerkandl: an unusual site with a favorable biologic outcome. Pediatr Radiol. 1999 Jul;29(7):497-502'},{id:"B23",body:'Mitchell WG, Davalos-Gonzalez Y, Brumm VL, et al. Opsoclonus-ataxia caused by childhood neuroblastoma: developmental and neurologic sequelae. Pediatrics 2002; 109:86–98 '},{id:"B24",body:'Bourdeaut F, de Carli E, Michon J: VIP Hypersecretion as Primary or Secondary Syndrome in Neuroblastoma:Retrospective Study by the Socie´te´ Franc¸aise des Cancers de l’Enfant (SFCE)Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:585–590'}],footnotes:[],contributors:[{corresp:"yes",contributorFullName:"Josef Malis",address:null,affiliation:'
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Denny",authors:[{id:"79919",title:"Prof.",name:"John",middleName:null,surname:"Denny",fullName:"John Denny",slug:"john-denny"}]},{id:"27475",title:"Neuroblastoma: A Malignancy Due to Cell Differentiation Block",slug:"neuroblastoma-a-malignancy-due-to-cell-differentiation-block",signatures:"Andrew Tee, Pei Y. Liu, Glenn M. Marshall and Tao Liu",authors:[{id:"71869",title:"Dr.",name:"Tao",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",fullName:"Tao Liu",slug:"tao-liu"}]},{id:"27476",title:"Interplay Between Protein Kinase C Isoforms Alpha and Epsilon, Neurofibromin, and the Ras/MAPK Pathway in Neuroblastoma Differentiation",slug:"interplay-between-protein-kinase-c-isoforms-alpha-and-epsilon-neurofibromin-and-the-ras-mapk-pathway",signatures:"George Leondaritis, Xenia Koliou, Shalini Johnson,\nChengjun Li, Andreas Florakis, Konstantinos Dimas, Nikos Sakellaridis and Dimitra Mangoura",authors:[{id:"71621",title:"Prof.",name:"Dimitra",middleName:null,surname:"Mangoura",fullName:"Dimitra Mangoura",slug:"dimitra-mangoura"},{id:"81113",title:"Dr.",name:"George",middleName:null,surname:"Leondaritis",fullName:"George Leondaritis",slug:"george-leondaritis"},{id:"81116",title:"Mrs.",name:"Xenia",middleName:null,surname:"Koliou",fullName:"Xenia Koliou",slug:"xenia-koliou"},{id:"81118",title:"Ms.",name:"Shalini",middleName:null,surname:"Johnson",fullName:"Shalini Johnson",slug:"shalini-johnson"},{id:"123462",title:"Dr.",name:"Kostas",middleName:null,surname:"Dimas",fullName:"Kostas Dimas",slug:"kostas-dimas"},{id:"123463",title:"Prof.",name:"Nikos",middleName:null,surname:"Sakellaridis",fullName:"Nikos Sakellaridis",slug:"nikos-sakellaridis"},{id:"123464",title:"Dr.",name:"Andreas",middleName:null,surname:"Florakis",fullName:"Andreas Florakis",slug:"andreas-florakis"},{id:"123465",title:"Dr.",name:"Chengjun",middleName:null,surname:"Li",fullName:"Chengjun Li",slug:"chengjun-li"}]},{id:"27477",title:"Alternative TrkA Splicing and Neuroblastoma",slug:"alternative-trka-splicing-and-neuroblastoma",signatures:"Antonietta R. Farina, Lucia Cappabianca, Pierdomenico Ruggeri, Natalia Di Ianni, Marzia Ragone, Stefania Merolle, Alberto Gulino and Andrew R. Mackay",authors:[{id:"72058",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrew",middleName:"Reay",surname:"MacKay",fullName:"Andrew MacKay",slug:"andrew-mackay"}]},{id:"27478",title:"Sympathetic Neurotransmitters in Neuroblastoma – Between Physiology and Pathology",slug:"sympathetic-neurotransmitters-in-neuroblastoma-between-physiology-and-pathology",signatures:"Magdalena Czarnecka, Jason Tilan and Joanna Kitlinska",authors:[{id:"79630",title:"Dr",name:null,middleName:null,surname:"Kitlinska",fullName:"Kitlinska",slug:"kitlinska"}]},{id:"27479",title:"Bioactive Sphingolipids in Neuroblastoma",slug:"bioactive-sphingolipids-in-neuroblastoma",signatures:"Mehrdad Rahmaniyan, Amr Qudeimat and Jacqueline M. Kraveka",authors:[{id:"71735",title:"Dr.",name:"Jacqueline",middleName:"M",surname:"Kraveka",fullName:"Jacqueline Kraveka",slug:"jacqueline-kraveka"},{id:"81341",title:"Dr.",name:"Mehrdad",middleName:null,surname:"Rahmaniyan",fullName:"Mehrdad Rahmaniyan",slug:"mehrdad-rahmaniyan"},{id:"81343",title:"Dr.",name:"Amr",middleName:null,surname:"Qudeimat",fullName:"Amr Qudeimat",slug:"amr-qudeimat"}]},{id:"27480",title:"The NBPF Gene Family",slug:"the-nbpf-gene-family",signatures:"Vanessa Andries, Karl Vandepoele and Frans van Roy",authors:[{id:"73977",title:"Prof.",name:"Frans",middleName:null,surname:"Van Roy",fullName:"Frans Van Roy",slug:"frans-van-roy"}]},{id:"27481",title:"Retinoic-Acid-Induced Downregulation of the 67 KDa Laminin Receptor Correlates with Reduced Biological Aggressiveness of Human Neuroblastoma Cells",slug:"retinoic-acid-induced-downregulation-of-the-67-kda-laminin-receptor-correlates-with-reduced-biologic",signatures:"Juan M. Escamilla, Christine Bäuerl, Carlos M. R. López, Satu P. Pekkala, Samuel Navarro and Domingo Barettino",authors:[{id:"68846",title:"Dr.",name:"Domingo",middleName:null,surname:"Barettino",fullName:"Domingo Barettino",slug:"domingo-barettino"},{id:"104344",title:"Mr.",name:"Juan-Manuel",middleName:null,surname:"Escamilla",fullName:"Juan-Manuel Escamilla",slug:"juan-manuel-escamilla"},{id:"104346",title:"Dr.",name:"Christine",middleName:null,surname:"Bäuerl",fullName:"Christine Bäuerl",slug:"christine-bauerl"},{id:"121039",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:"Marcelino",surname:"Rodriguez Lopez",fullName:"Carlos Rodriguez Lopez",slug:"carlos-rodriguez-lopez"},{id:"121040",title:"Dr.",name:"Satu P.",middleName:null,surname:"Pekkala",fullName:"Satu P. Pekkala",slug:"satu-p.-pekkala"},{id:"121042",title:"Prof.",name:"Samuel",middleName:null,surname:"Navarro",fullName:"Samuel Navarro",slug:"samuel-navarro"}]},{id:"27482",title:"The Different Faces of Angiogenesis in Neuroblastoma",slug:"the-different-faces-of-angiogenesis-in-neuroblastoma",signatures:"Pietro Luigi Poliani and Domenico Ribatti",authors:[{id:"83863",title:"Prof.",name:"Pietro Luigi",middleName:null,surname:"Poliani",fullName:"Pietro Luigi Poliani",slug:"pietro-luigi-poliani"},{id:"86928",title:"Prof.",name:"Domenico",middleName:null,surname:"Ribatti",fullName:"Domenico Ribatti",slug:"domenico-ribatti"}]},{id:"27483",title:"Application of Molecular Mimicry to Target GD2 Ganglioside",slug:"application-of-molecular-mimicry-to-target-gd2-ganglioside",signatures:"Irena Horwacik and Hanna Rokita",authors:[{id:"80436",title:"Prof.",name:"Hanna",middleName:null,surname:"Rokita",fullName:"Hanna Rokita",slug:"hanna-rokita"},{id:"80916",title:"Dr.",name:"Irena",middleName:null,surname:"Horwacik",fullName:"Irena Horwacik",slug:"irena-horwacik"}]},{id:"27484",title:"MicroRNA Target Signatures in Advanced Stage Neuroblastoma",slug:"microrna-target-signatures-in-advanced-stage-neuroblastoma",signatures:"Victoria R. Chu and Inhan Lee",authors:[{id:"76648",title:"Dr.",name:"Inhan",middleName:null,surname:"Lee",fullName:"Inhan Lee",slug:"inhan-lee"},{id:"121779",title:"Ms.",name:"Victoria",middleName:null,surname:"Chu",fullName:"Victoria Chu",slug:"victoria-chu"}]},{id:"27485",title:"Molecular Chaperones as Prognostic Markers of Neuroblastoma",slug:"molecular-chaperones-as-prognostic-markers-of-neuroblastoma",signatures:"Yung-Feng Liao, Wen-Ming Hsu, Hsinyu Lee, Ming-Kuan Hu, Hsueh-Fen Juan, Min-Chuan Huang, Hsiu-Hao Chang, Bo-Jeng Wang, Yu-Yin Shih and Yeou-Guang Tsay",authors:[{id:"73170",title:"Dr.",name:"Yung-Feng",middleName:null,surname:"Liao",fullName:"Yung-Feng Liao",slug:"yung-feng-liao"},{id:"135636",title:"Dr.",name:"Wen-Ming",middleName:null,surname:"Hsu",fullName:"Wen-Ming Hsu",slug:"wen-ming-hsu"},{id:"135637",title:"Dr.",name:"Hsinyu",middleName:null,surname:"Lee",fullName:"Hsinyu Lee",slug:"hsinyu-lee"},{id:"135638",title:"Dr.",name:"Ming-Kuan",middleName:null,surname:"Hu",fullName:"Ming-Kuan Hu",slug:"ming-kuan-hu"},{id:"135639",title:"Dr.",name:"Hsueh-Fen",middleName:null,surname:"Juan",fullName:"Hsueh-Fen Juan",slug:"hsueh-fen-juan"},{id:"135640",title:"Dr.",name:"Min-Chuan",middleName:null,surname:"Huang",fullName:"Min-Chuan Huang",slug:"min-chuan-huang"},{id:"135641",title:"Dr.",name:"Hsiu-Hao",middleName:null,surname:"Chang",fullName:"Hsiu-Hao Chang",slug:"hsiu-hao-chang"},{id:"135642",title:"Mr.",name:"Bo-Jeng",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Bo-Jeng Wang",slug:"bo-jeng-wang"},{id:"135643",title:"Ms.",name:"Yu-Yin",middleName:null,surname:"Shih",fullName:"Yu-Yin Shih",slug:"yu-yin-shih"},{id:"135644",title:"Dr.",name:"Yeou-Guang",middleName:null,surname:"Tsay",fullName:"Yeou-Guang Tsay",slug:"yeou-guang-tsay"}]},{id:"27486",title:"Small Molecule Drugs and Targeted Therapies for Neuroblastoma",slug:"small-molecule-drugs-and-targeted-therapies-for-neuroblastoma",signatures:"Chengyuan Xue, Andrei Gudkov, Michelle Haber and Murray D. Norris",authors:[{id:"75733",title:"Prof.",name:"Murray",middleName:null,surname:"Norris",fullName:"Murray Norris",slug:"murray-norris"},{id:"75741",title:"Dr.",name:"Chengyuan",middleName:null,surname:"Xue",fullName:"Chengyuan Xue",slug:"chengyuan-xue"},{id:"75744",title:"Prof.",name:"Michelle",middleName:null,surname:"Haber",fullName:"Michelle Haber",slug:"michelle-haber"},{id:"121221",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrei",middleName:null,surname:"Gudkov",fullName:"Andrei Gudkov",slug:"andrei-gudkov"}]},{id:"27487",title:"FOXO Transcription Factors as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Neuroblastoma",slug:"foxo-transcription-factors-as-potential-therapeutic-targets-in-neuroblastoma",signatures:"Michael J. Ausserlechner, Judith Hagenbuchner, Stefan Fuchs, Kathrin Geiger and Petra Obexer",authors:[{id:"62857",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael",middleName:null,surname:"Ausserlechner",fullName:"Michael Ausserlechner",slug:"michael-ausserlechner"},{id:"62868",title:"Dr.",name:"Petra",middleName:null,surname:"Obexer",fullName:"Petra Obexer",slug:"petra-obexer"}]},{id:"27488",title:"Oncolytic Poliovirus Therapy in a Mouse Model of Neuroblastoma: Preclinical Data Analysis and Future Studies",slug:"oncolytic-poliovirus-therapy-in-a-mouse-model-of-neuroblastoma-preclinical-data-analysis-and-future-",signatures:"Hidemi Toyoda, Eckard Wimmer and Jeronimo Cello",authors:[{id:"79139",title:"Dr.",name:"Jeronimo",middleName:null,surname:"Cello",fullName:"Jeronimo Cello",slug:"jeronimo-cello"},{id:"80047",title:"Dr.",name:"Hidemi",middleName:null,surname:"Toyoda",fullName:"Hidemi Toyoda",slug:"hidemi-toyoda"},{id:"80050",title:"Prof.",name:"Eckard",middleName:null,surname:"Wimmer",fullName:"Eckard Wimmer",slug:"eckard-wimmer"}]}]}],publishedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"281",title:"Management of CNS Tumors",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6ed8b3dbd7b800e85bb1979fbb604872",slug:"management-of-cns-tumors",bookSignature:"Miklos Garami",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/281.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"34821",title:"Dr.",name:"Miklos",surname:"Garami",slug:"miklos-garami",fullName:"Miklos Garami"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"536",title:"Molecular Targets of CNS Tumors",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9397c8a0230158cb461c2ffbe6f9857d",slug:"molecular-targets-of-cns-tumors",bookSignature:"Miklos Garami",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/536.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"34821",title:"Dr.",name:"Miklos",surname:"Garami",slug:"miklos-garami",fullName:"Miklos Garami"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"537",title:"Brain Tumors",subtitle:"Current and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1b4bc214ae502bbfda3c7d1da8866363",slug:"brain-tumors-current-and-emerging-therapeutic-strategies",bookSignature:"Ana L. Abujamra",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/537.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"38444",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana Lucia",surname:"Abujamra",slug:"ana-lucia-abujamra",fullName:"Ana Lucia Abujamra"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"538",title:"Diagnostic Techniques and Surgical Management of Brain Tumors",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1cda08bc4fbb610b7c5fffbb602fc528",slug:"diagnostic-techniques-and-surgical-management-of-brain-tumors",bookSignature:"Ana Lucia Abujamra",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/538.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"38444",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana Lucia",surname:"Abujamra",slug:"ana-lucia-abujamra",fullName:"Ana Lucia Abujamra"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"770",title:"Pheochromocytoma",subtitle:"A New View of the Old Problem",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9a4b86dbd6e0df04b22b3b2a11bbb9ed",slug:"pheochromocytoma-a-new-view-of-the-old-problem",bookSignature:"Jose Fernando Martin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/770.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"75225",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose Fernando",surname:"Martin",slug:"jose-fernando-martin",fullName:"Jose Fernando Martin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],publishedBooksByAuthor:[]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"81543",title:"Bacterial Biofilm: Contribution to AMR and Approaches to Tackle",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103951",slug:"bacterial-biofilm-contribution-to-amr-and-approaches-to-tackle",body:null,keywords:"biofilm, antimicrobial resistance, phytochemicals, antibacterial resistance",chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/81543.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/81543",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/81543",totalDownloads:18,totalViews:0,totalCrossrefCites:0,dateSubmitted:"February 3rd 2022",dateReviewed:"February 25th 2022",datePrePublished:"April 27th 2022",datePublished:null,dateFinished:"April 27th 2022",readingETA:"0",abstract:"The brisk emergence of resistant microbes is occurring worldwide, endangering the efficacy of various antimicrobial agents. The overprescription of antimicrobial drugs results in the emergence of mutant strains of drug-resistant pathogens challenging the existing antimicrobial regime. Moreover, the outbreak of the pandemic has emphasized the necessity to consider the coinfections and antimicrobial resistance crisis as a vital motive of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the prevention of such infections is much better than the eradication of the same. Thus, herein, we aim at providing a comprehensive list that can be used as an alternative class of antibacterial agents by exploiting the activity of various phytochemicals. The antibiofilm activity of various classes of phytochemicals would be projected for both the eradication and the prevention of biofilm formation in the presence of selected compounds. This chapter visualizes antimicrobial resistance as a matter of grave concern and one of the greatest threats to global health, food security, and development today.",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/81543",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/81543",signatures:"Meenakshi Sharma, Pragati Yadav and Deepika Tripathi",book:{id:"11092",type:"book",title:"Bacterial Biofilms",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Bacterial Biofilms",slug:null,publishedDate:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Theerthankar Das",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11092.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:null,isbn:"978-1-80355-796-0",printIsbn:"978-1-80355-795-3",pdfIsbn:"978-1-80355-797-7",isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"179493",title:"Dr.",name:"Theerthankar",middleName:null,surname:"Das",slug:"theerthankar-das",fullName:"Theerthankar Das"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:null,sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"11092",type:"book",title:"Bacterial Biofilms",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Bacterial Biofilms",slug:null,publishedDate:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Theerthankar Das",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11092.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:null,isbn:"978-1-80355-796-0",printIsbn:"978-1-80355-795-3",pdfIsbn:"978-1-80355-797-7",isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"179493",title:"Dr.",name:"Theerthankar",middleName:null,surname:"Das",slug:"theerthankar-das",fullName:"Theerthankar Das"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},profile:{item:{id:"248931",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",middleName:null,surname:"Talimonchik",email:"talim2008@yandex.ru",fullName:"Valentina Talimonchik",slug:"valentina-talimonchik",position:null,biography:null,institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",totalCites:0,totalChapterViews:"0",outsideEditionCount:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalEditedBooks:"0",personalWebsiteURL:null,twitterURL:null,linkedinURL:null,institution:null},booksEdited:[],chaptersAuthored:[{id:"65222",title:"Information and Communication Systems Including Artificial Intelligence and Big Data as Objects of International Legal Protection",slug:"information-and-communication-systems-including-artificial-intelligence-and-big-data-as-objects-of-i",abstract:"The objective of this study is identifying prospective for international legal protection of information and communication systems including artificial intelligence on the universal and regional levels, and analysis of legal instruments for protection of artificial intelligence and Big Data in the context of regulation of relations in the global information society. A complex of general scientific and philosophical methods, including the logical, comparative-legal, formal-legal, systemic-structural, and problematic-theoretical methods, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization and description were used in the research. It was found that the existing international agreements in the field of intellectual property protection take no account of the particular features of protection of complex objects. Complex objects comprise information and communication systems including artificial intelligence and Big Data. There is an objective necessity to establish a legal regime for complex objects on the universal level. The findings can be used in activities of international organizations in execution of their functions of unification and harmonization of the international information law.",signatures:"Valentina Petrovna Talimonchik",authors:[{id:"248931",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",surname:"Talimonchik",fullName:"Valentina Talimonchik",slug:"valentina-talimonchik",email:"talim2008@yandex.ru"}],book:{id:"7795",title:"Artificial Intelligence",slug:"artificial-intelligence-scope-and-limitations",productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume"}}},{id:"66848",title:"Legal Aspects of International Information Security",slug:"legal-aspects-of-international-information-security",abstract:"The objective of the research is considering the international information security concept that has developed at the global and regional levels and analysis of legal instruments for its implementation and resolving problems of the regulation of relations in the global information society. A complex of general scientific and philosophical methods including the formal-logical, comparative-legal, formal-legal, systemic-structural, and problematic-theoretical methods, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization and description, and comparison, was used in the research. As a result of the research, it has been found that a unified concept of provision of the international information security has developed at the global and regional levels, which needs legal instruments for its implementation at the global level. In the drafting and acceptance of international treaties at the global level, the experience of the Council of Europe in prosecution of cybercrime and protection of privacy should be used. The findings can be used in the activities of international organizations in execution of their functions of unification and harmonization of the international information security law and by the national telecommunication operators in the process of entering international and foreign markets.",signatures:"Valentina Petrovna Talimonchik",authors:[{id:"248931",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",surname:"Talimonchik",fullName:"Valentina Talimonchik",slug:"valentina-talimonchik",email:"talim2008@yandex.ru"}],book:{id:"8423",title:"Security and Privacy From a Legal, Ethical, and Technical Perspective",slug:"security-and-privacy-from-a-legal-ethical-and-technical-perspective",productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume"}}},{id:"74617",title:"The Prospects for Creating Instruments for the Coordination of Activities of International Organizations in the Regulation of Artificial Intelligence",slug:"the-prospects-for-creating-instruments-for-the-coordination-of-activities-of-international-organizat",abstract:"The objective of the research is identifying the prospects for the development of instruments for coordinating the activities of international organizations on the regulation of artificial intelligence and elaborating proposals in relation to the mechanisms of cooperation of international organizations on the universal level on issues related to artificial intelligence. A complex of general scientific and philosophical methods, including the logical, comparative-legal, formal-legal, systemic-structural, problematic-theoretical methods, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis were used in the research. In the research it was found that Action Lines of the World Summit on the Information Society are working on issues that are discussed at the AI for Good Global Summit. The activities of the World Summit on the Information Society such as ICT regulation are more general in nature while those of the AI for Good Global Summit are more special. The problem of “international institutional competition” of the two discussion platforms can be resolved by ITU’s efforts to coordinate the two discussion platforms and by supplementing the competence of UNGIS with issues of artificial intelligence. The findings can be used in activities of international organizations in execution of their functions of unification and harmonization of the international information law.",signatures:"Valentina Petrovna Talimonchik",authors:[{id:"248931",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",surname:"Talimonchik",fullName:"Valentina Talimonchik",slug:"valentina-talimonchik",email:"talim2008@yandex.ru"}],book:{id:"9958",title:"Artificial Intelligence",slug:"artificial-intelligence-latest-advances-new-paradigms-and-novel-applications",productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume"}}}],collaborators:[{id:"135235",title:"Dr.",name:"Joan",surname:"Cahill",slug:"joan-cahill",fullName:"Joan Cahill",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Trinity College Dublin",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Ireland"}}},{id:"151381",title:"Prof.",name:"Ryszard S.",surname:"Choras",slug:"ryszard-s.-choras",fullName:"Ryszard S. 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The company was founded in Vienna in 2004 by Alex Lazinica and Vedran Kordic, two PhD students researching robotics. While completing our PhDs, we found it difficult to access the research we needed. So, we decided to create a new Open Access publisher. A better one, where researchers like us could find the information they needed easily. The result is IntechOpen, an Open Access publisher that puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers.
",metaTitle:"Our story",metaDescription:"The company was founded in Vienna in 2004 by Alex Lazinica and Vedran Kordic, two PhD students researching robotics. While completing our PhDs, we found it difficult to access the research we needed. So, we decided to create a new Open Access publisher. A better one, where researchers like us could find the information they needed easily. The result is IntechOpen, an Open Access publisher that puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers.",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"/page/our-story",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"
We started by publishing journals and books from the fields of science we were most familiar with - AI, robotics, manufacturing and operations research. Through our growing network of institutions and authors, we soon expanded into related fields like environmental engineering, nanotechnology, computer science, renewable energy and electrical engineering, Today, we are the world’s largest Open Access publisher of scientific research, with over 4,200 books and 54,000 scientific works including peer-reviewed content from more than 116,000 scientists spanning 161 countries. Our authors range from globally-renowned Nobel Prize winners to up-and-coming researchers at the cutting edge of scientific discovery.
\\n\\n
In the same year that IntechOpen was founded, we launched what was at the time the first ever Open Access, peer-reviewed journal in its field: the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems (IJARS).
\\n\\n
The IntechOpen timeline
\\n\\n
2004
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Intech Open is founded in Vienna, Austria, by Alex Lazinica and Vedran Kordic, two PhD students, and their first Open Access journals and books are published.
\\n\\t
Alex and Vedran launch the first Open Access, peer-reviewed robotics journal and IntechOpen’s flagship publication, the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems (IJARS).
\\n
\\n\\n
2005
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
IntechOpen publishes its first Open Access book: Cutting Edge Robotics.
\\n
\\n\\n
2006
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
IntechOpen publishes a special issue of IJARS, featuring contributions from NASA scientists regarding the Mars Exploration Rover missions.
\\n
\\n\\n
2008
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Downloads milestone: 200,000 downloads reached
\\n
\\n\\n
2009
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Publishing milestone: the first 100 Open Access STM books are published
\\n
\\n\\n
2010
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Downloads milestone: one million downloads reached
\\n\\t
IntechOpen expands its book publishing into a new field: medicine.
\\n
\\n\\n
2011
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Publishing milestone: More than five million downloads reached
\\n\\t
IntechOpen publishes 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner Harold W. Kroto’s “Strategies to Successfully Cross-Link Carbon Nanotubes”. Find it here.
\\n\\t
IntechOpen and TBI collaborate on a project to explore the changing needs of researchers and the evolving ways that they discover, publish and exchange information. The result is the survey “Author Attitudes Towards Open Access Publishing: A Market Research Program”.
\\n\\t
IntechOpen hosts SHOW - Share Open Access Worldwide; a series of lectures, debates, round-tables and events to bring people together in discussion of open source principles, intellectual property, content licensing innovations, remixed and shared culture and free knowledge.
\\n
\\n\\n
2012
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Publishing milestone: 10 million downloads reached
\\n\\t
IntechOpen holds Interact2012, a free series of workshops held by figureheads of the scientific community including Professor Hiroshi Ishiguro, director of the Intelligent Robotics Laboratory, who took the audience through some of the most impressive human-robot interactions observed in his lab.
\\n
\\n\\n
2013
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
IntechOpen joins the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) as part of a commitment to guaranteeing the highest standards of publishing.
\\n
\\n\\n
2014
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
IntechOpen turns 10, with more than 30 million downloads to date.
\\n\\t
IntechOpen appoints its first Regional Representatives - members of the team situated around the world dedicated to increasing the visibility of our authors’ published work within their local scientific communities.
\\n
\\n\\n
2015
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Downloads milestone: More than 70 million downloads reached, more than doubling since the previous year.
\\n\\t
Publishing milestone: IntechOpen publishes its 2,500th book and 40,000th Open Access chapter, reaching 20,000 citations in Thomson Reuters ISI Web of Science.
\\n\\t
40 IntechOpen authors are included in the top one per cent of the world’s most-cited researchers.
\\n\\t
Thomson Reuters’ ISI Web of Science Book Citation Index begins indexing IntechOpen’s books in its database.
\\n
\\n\\n
2016
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
IntechOpen is identified as a world leader in Simba Information’s Open Access Book Publishing 2016-2020 report and forecast. IntechOpen came in as the world’s largest Open Access book publisher by title count.
\\n
\\n\\n
2017
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Downloads milestone: IntechOpen reaches more than 100 million downloads
\\n\\t
Publishing milestone: IntechOpen publishes its 3,000th Open Access book, making it the largest Open Access book collection in the world
We started by publishing journals and books from the fields of science we were most familiar with - AI, robotics, manufacturing and operations research. Through our growing network of institutions and authors, we soon expanded into related fields like environmental engineering, nanotechnology, computer science, renewable energy and electrical engineering, Today, we are the world’s largest Open Access publisher of scientific research, with over 4,200 books and 54,000 scientific works including peer-reviewed content from more than 116,000 scientists spanning 161 countries. Our authors range from globally-renowned Nobel Prize winners to up-and-coming researchers at the cutting edge of scientific discovery.
\n\n
In the same year that IntechOpen was founded, we launched what was at the time the first ever Open Access, peer-reviewed journal in its field: the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems (IJARS).
\n\n
The IntechOpen timeline
\n\n
2004
\n\n
\n\t
Intech Open is founded in Vienna, Austria, by Alex Lazinica and Vedran Kordic, two PhD students, and their first Open Access journals and books are published.
\n\t
Alex and Vedran launch the first Open Access, peer-reviewed robotics journal and IntechOpen’s flagship publication, the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems (IJARS).
\n
\n\n
2005
\n\n
\n\t
IntechOpen publishes its first Open Access book: Cutting Edge Robotics.
\n
\n\n
2006
\n\n
\n\t
IntechOpen publishes a special issue of IJARS, featuring contributions from NASA scientists regarding the Mars Exploration Rover missions.
\n
\n\n
2008
\n\n
\n\t
Downloads milestone: 200,000 downloads reached
\n
\n\n
2009
\n\n
\n\t
Publishing milestone: the first 100 Open Access STM books are published
\n
\n\n
2010
\n\n
\n\t
Downloads milestone: one million downloads reached
\n\t
IntechOpen expands its book publishing into a new field: medicine.
\n
\n\n
2011
\n\n
\n\t
Publishing milestone: More than five million downloads reached
\n\t
IntechOpen publishes 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner Harold W. Kroto’s “Strategies to Successfully Cross-Link Carbon Nanotubes”. Find it here.
\n\t
IntechOpen and TBI collaborate on a project to explore the changing needs of researchers and the evolving ways that they discover, publish and exchange information. The result is the survey “Author Attitudes Towards Open Access Publishing: A Market Research Program”.
\n\t
IntechOpen hosts SHOW - Share Open Access Worldwide; a series of lectures, debates, round-tables and events to bring people together in discussion of open source principles, intellectual property, content licensing innovations, remixed and shared culture and free knowledge.
\n
\n\n
2012
\n\n
\n\t
Publishing milestone: 10 million downloads reached
\n\t
IntechOpen holds Interact2012, a free series of workshops held by figureheads of the scientific community including Professor Hiroshi Ishiguro, director of the Intelligent Robotics Laboratory, who took the audience through some of the most impressive human-robot interactions observed in his lab.
\n
\n\n
2013
\n\n
\n\t
IntechOpen joins the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) as part of a commitment to guaranteeing the highest standards of publishing.
\n
\n\n
2014
\n\n
\n\t
IntechOpen turns 10, with more than 30 million downloads to date.
\n\t
IntechOpen appoints its first Regional Representatives - members of the team situated around the world dedicated to increasing the visibility of our authors’ published work within their local scientific communities.
\n
\n\n
2015
\n\n
\n\t
Downloads milestone: More than 70 million downloads reached, more than doubling since the previous year.
\n\t
Publishing milestone: IntechOpen publishes its 2,500th book and 40,000th Open Access chapter, reaching 20,000 citations in Thomson Reuters ISI Web of Science.
\n\t
40 IntechOpen authors are included in the top one per cent of the world’s most-cited researchers.
\n\t
Thomson Reuters’ ISI Web of Science Book Citation Index begins indexing IntechOpen’s books in its database.
\n
\n\n
2016
\n\n
\n\t
IntechOpen is identified as a world leader in Simba Information’s Open Access Book Publishing 2016-2020 report and forecast. IntechOpen came in as the world’s largest Open Access book publisher by title count.
\n
\n\n
2017
\n\n
\n\t
Downloads milestone: IntechOpen reaches more than 100 million downloads
\n\t
Publishing milestone: IntechOpen publishes its 3,000th Open Access book, making it the largest Open Access book collection in the world
\n
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That is exactly what he does, diving into Machine Learning algorithms and technologies to help TECNALIA to decide whether something is great in theory or will actually impact on the product or processes of its projects. So, he is expert at framing experiments, developing hypotheses, and proving whether they’re true or not, in order to investigate fundamental problems with a longer time horizon. He is also able to design and develop PoCs and system prototypes in simulation. He has participated in several national and internacional R&D projects.\n\nAs another relevant part of his everyday research work, he usually publishes his findings in reputed scientific refereed journals and international conferences, occasionally acting as reviewer and Programme Commitee member. Concretely, since 2018 he has published 9 JCR (8 Q1) journal papers, 9 conference papers (e.g. ECML PKDD 2021), and he has co-edited a book. He is also active in popular science writing data science stories for reputed blogs (KDNuggets, TowardsDataScience, Naukas). Besides, he has recently embarked on mentoring programmes as mentor, and has also worked as data science trainer.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"103779",title:"Prof.",name:"Yalcin",middleName:null,surname:"Isler",slug:"yalcin-isler",fullName:"Yalcin Isler",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRyQ8QAK/Profile_Picture_1628834958734",biography:"Yalcin Isler (1971 - Burdur / Turkey) received the B.Sc. degree in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey, in 1993, the M.Sc. degree from the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, in 1996, the Ph.D. degree from the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey, in 2009, and the Competence of Associate Professorship from the Turkish Interuniversity Council in 2019.\n\nHe was Lecturer at Burdur Vocational School in Suleyman Demirel University (1993-2000, Burdur / Turkey), Software Engineer (2000-2002, Izmir / Turkey), Research Assistant in Bulent Ecevit University (2002-2003, Zonguldak / Turkey), Research Assistant in Dokuz Eylul University (2003-2010, Izmir / Turkey), Assistant Professor at the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering in Bulent Ecevit University (2010-2012, Zonguldak / Turkey), Assistant Professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering in Izmir Katip Celebi University (2012-2019, Izmir / Turkey). He is an Associate Professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir / Turkey, since 2019. In addition to academics, he has also founded Islerya Medical and Information Technologies Company, Izmir / Turkey, since 2017.\n\nHis main research interests cover biomedical signal processing, pattern recognition, medical device design, programming, and embedded systems. He has many scientific papers and participated in several projects in these study fields. He was an IEEE Student Member (2009-2011) and IEEE Member (2011-2014) and has been IEEE Senior Member since 2014.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Izmir Kâtip Çelebi University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"339677",title:"Dr.",name:"Mrinmoy",middleName:null,surname:"Roy",slug:"mrinmoy-roy",fullName:"Mrinmoy Roy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/339677/images/16768_n.jpg",biography:"An accomplished Sales & Marketing professional with 12 years of cross-functional experience in well-known organisations such as CIPLA, LUPIN, GLENMARK, ASTRAZENECA across different segment of Sales & Marketing, International Business, Institutional Business, Product Management, Strategic Marketing of HIV, Oncology, Derma, Respiratory, Anti-Diabetic, Nutraceutical & Stomatological Product Portfolio and Generic as well as Chronic Critical Care Portfolio. A First Class MBA in International Business & Strategic Marketing, B.Pharm, D.Pharm, Google Certified Digital Marketing Professional. Qualified PhD Candidate in Operations and Management with special focus on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning adoption, analysis and use in Healthcare, Hospital & Pharma Domain. Seasoned with diverse therapy area of Pharmaceutical Sales & Marketing ranging from generating revenue through generating prescriptions, launching new products, and making them big brands with continuous strategy execution at the Physician and Patients level. Moved from Sales to Marketing and Business Development for 3.5 years in South East Asian Market operating from Manila, Philippines. Came back to India and handled and developed Brands such as Gluconorm, Lupisulin, Supracal, Absolut Woman, Hemozink, Fabiflu (For COVID 19), and many more. In my previous assignment I used to develop and execute strategies on Sales & Marketing, Commercialization & Business Development for Institution and Corporate Hospital Business portfolio of Oncology Therapy Area for AstraZeneca Pharma India Ltd. Being a Research Scholar and Student of ‘Operations Research & Management: Artificial Intelligence’ I published several pioneer research papers and book chapters on the same in Internationally reputed journals and Books indexed in Scopus, Springer and Ei Compendex, Google Scholar etc. Currently, I am launching PGDM Pharmaceutical Management Program in IIHMR Bangalore and spearheading the course curriculum and structure of the same. I am interested in Collaboration for Healthcare Innovation, Pharma AI Innovation, Future trend in Marketing and Management with incubation on Healthcare, Healthcare IT startups, AI-ML Modelling and Healthcare Algorithm based training module development. I am also an affiliated member of the Institute of Management Consultant of India, looking forward to Healthcare, Healthcare IT and Innovation, Pharma and Hospital Management Consulting works.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Lovely Professional University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"1063",title:"Prof.",name:"Constantin",middleName:null,surname:"Volosencu",slug:"constantin-volosencu",fullName:"Constantin Volosencu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/1063/images/system/1063.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Constantin Voloşencu graduated as an engineer from\nPolitehnica University of Timișoara, Romania, where he also\nobtained a doctorate degree. He is currently a full professor in\nthe Department of Automation and Applied Informatics at the\nsame university. Dr. Voloşencu is the author of ten books, seven\nbook chapters, and more than 160 papers published in journals\nand conference proceedings. He has also edited twelve books and\nhas twenty-seven patents to his name. He is a manager of research grants, editor in\nchief and member of international journal editorial boards, a former plenary speaker, a member of scientific committees, and chair at international conferences. His\nresearch is in the fields of control systems, control of electric drives, fuzzy control\nsystems, neural network applications, fault detection and diagnosis, sensor network\napplications, monitoring of distributed parameter systems, and power ultrasound\napplications. He has developed automation equipment for machine tools, spooling\nmachines, high-power ultrasound processes, and more.",institutionString:"Polytechnic University of Timişoara",institution:{name:"Polytechnic University of Timişoara",country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"221364",title:"Dr.",name:"Eneko",middleName:null,surname:"Osaba",slug:"eneko-osaba",fullName:"Eneko Osaba",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/221364/images/system/221364.jpg",biography:"Dr. Eneko Osaba works at TECNALIA as a senior researcher. He obtained his Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence in 2015. He has participated in more than twenty-five local and European research projects, and in the publication of more than 130 papers. He has performed several stays at universities in the United Kingdom, Italy, and Malta. Dr. Osaba has served as a program committee member in more than forty international conferences and participated in organizing activities in more than ten international conferences. He is a member of the editorial board of the International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, Data in Brief, and Journal of Advanced Transportation. He is also a guest editor for the Journal of Computational Science, Neurocomputing, Swarm, and Evolutionary Computation and IEEE ITS Magazine.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"275829",title:"Dr.",name:"Esther",middleName:null,surname:"Villar-Rodriguez",slug:"esther-villar-rodriguez",fullName:"Esther Villar-Rodriguez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/275829/images/system/275829.jpg",biography:"Dr. Esther Villar obtained a Ph.D. in Information and Communication Technologies from the University of Alcalá, Spain, in 2015. She obtained a degree in Computer Science from the University of Deusto, Spain, in 2010, and an MSc in Computer Languages and Systems from the National University of Distance Education, Spain, in 2012. Her areas of interest and knowledge include natural language processing (NLP), detection of impersonation in social networks, semantic web, and machine learning. Dr. Esther Villar made several contributions at conferences and publishing in various journals in those fields. Currently, she is working within the OPTIMA (Optimization Modeling & Analytics) business of TECNALIA’s ICT Division as a data scientist in projects related to the prediction and optimization of management and industrial processes (resource planning, energy efficiency, etc).",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"49813",title:"Dr.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Del Ser",slug:"javier-del-ser",fullName:"Javier Del Ser",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49813/images/system/49813.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Javier Del Ser received his first PhD in Telecommunication Engineering (Cum Laude) from the University of Navarra, Spain, in 2006, and a second PhD in Computational Intelligence (Summa Cum Laude) from the University of Alcala, Spain, in 2013. He is currently a principal researcher in data analytics and optimisation at TECNALIA (Spain), a visiting fellow at the Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM) and a part-time lecturer at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). His research interests gravitate on the use of descriptive, prescriptive and predictive algorithms for data mining and optimization in a diverse range of application fields such as Energy, Transport, Telecommunications, Health and Industry, among others. In these fields he has published more than 240 articles, co-supervised 8 Ph.D. theses, edited 6 books, coauthored 7 patents and participated/led more than 40 research projects. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE, and a recipient of the Biscay Talent prize for his academic career.",institutionString:"Tecnalia Research & Innovation",institution:null},{id:"278948",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"Gonçalves",slug:"carlos-pedro-goncalves",fullName:"Carlos Pedro Gonçalves",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRcmyQAC/Profile_Picture_1564224512145",biography:'Carlos Pedro Gonçalves (PhD) is an Associate Professor at Lusophone University of Humanities and Technologies and a researcher on Complexity Sciences, Quantum Technologies, Artificial Intelligence, Strategic Studies, Studies in Intelligence and Security, FinTech and Financial Risk Modeling. He is also a progammer with programming experience in:\n\nA) Quantum Computing using Qiskit Python module and IBM Quantum Experience Platform, with software developed on the simulation of Quantum Artificial Neural Networks and Quantum Cybersecurity;\n\nB) Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning programming in Python;\n\nC) Artificial Intelligence, Multiagent Systems Modeling and System Dynamics Modeling in Netlogo, with models developed in the areas of Chaos Theory, Econophysics, Artificial Intelligence, Classical and Quantum Complex Systems Science, with the Econophysics models having been cited worldwide and incorporated in PhD programs by different Universities.\n\nReceived an Arctic Code Vault Contributor status by GitHub, due to having developed open source software preserved in the \\"Arctic Code Vault\\" for future generations (https://archiveprogram.github.com/arctic-vault/), with the Strategy Analyzer A.I. module for decision making support (based on his PhD thesis, used in his Classes on Decision Making and in Strategic Intelligence Consulting Activities) and QNeural Python Quantum Neural Network simulator also preserved in the \\"Arctic Code Vault\\", for access to these software modules see: https://github.com/cpgoncalves. He is also a peer reviewer with outsanding review status from Elsevier journals, including Physica A, Neurocomputing and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. Science CV available at: https://www.cienciavitae.pt//pt/8E1C-A8B3-78C5 and ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0298-3974',institutionString:"University of Lisbon",institution:{name:"Universidade Lusófona",country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"241400",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:null,surname:"Bsiss",slug:"mohammed-bsiss",fullName:"Mohammed Bsiss",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/241400/images/8062_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"276128",title:"Dr.",name:"Hira",middleName:null,surname:"Fatima",slug:"hira-fatima",fullName:"Hira Fatima",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/276128/images/14420_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Hira Fatima\nAssistant Professor\nDepartment of Mathematics\nInstitute of Applied Science\nMangalayatan University, Aligarh\nMobile: no : 8532041179\nhirafatima2014@gmal.com\n\nDr. Hira Fatima has received his Ph.D. degree in pure Mathematics from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh India. Currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mathematics, Institute of Applied Science, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh. She taught so many courses of Mathematics of UG and PG level. Her research Area of Expertise is Functional Analysis & Sequence Spaces. She has been working on Ideal Convergence of double sequence. She has published 17 research papers in National and International Journals including Cogent Mathematics, Filomat, Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, Advances in Difference Equations, Journal of Mathematical Analysis, Journal of Mathematical & Computer Science etc. She has also reviewed few research papers for the and international journals. She is a member of Indian Mathematical Society.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"414880",title:"Dr.",name:"Maryam",middleName:null,surname:"Vatankhah",slug:"maryam-vatankhah",fullName:"Maryam Vatankhah",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Borough of Manhattan Community College",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"414879",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammad-Reza",middleName:null,surname:"Akbarzadeh-Totonchi",slug:"mohammad-reza-akbarzadeh-totonchi",fullName:"Mohammad-Reza Akbarzadeh-Totonchi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ferdowsi University of Mashhad",country:{name:"Iran"}}},{id:"414878",title:"Prof.",name:"Reza",middleName:null,surname:"Fazel-Rezai",slug:"reza-fazel-rezai",fullName:"Reza Fazel-Rezai",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"American Public University System",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"302698",title:"Dr.",name:"Yao",middleName:null,surname:"Shan",slug:"yao-shan",fullName:"Yao Shan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Dalian University of Technology",country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"125911",title:"Prof.",name:"Jia-Ching",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"jia-ching-wang",fullName:"Jia-Ching Wang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"National Central University",country:{name:"Taiwan"}}},{id:"357085",title:"Mr.",name:"P. Mohan",middleName:null,surname:"Anand",slug:"p.-mohan-anand",fullName:"P. Mohan Anand",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"356696",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"P.V.",middleName:null,surname:"Sai Charan",slug:"p.v.-sai-charan",fullName:"P.V. Sai Charan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"357086",title:"Prof.",name:"Sandeep K.",middleName:null,surname:"Shukla",slug:"sandeep-k.-shukla",fullName:"Sandeep K. Shukla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"356823",title:"MSc.",name:"Seonghee",middleName:null,surname:"Min",slug:"seonghee-min",fullName:"Seonghee Min",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Daegu University",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"353307",title:"Prof.",name:"Yoosoo",middleName:null,surname:"Oh",slug:"yoosoo-oh",fullName:"Yoosoo Oh",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:"Yoosoo Oh received his Bachelor's degree in the Department of Electronics and Engineering from Kyungpook National University in 2002. He obtained his Master’s degree in the Department of Information and Communications from Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) in 2003. In 2010, he received his Ph.D. degree in the School of Information and Mechatronics from GIST. In the meantime, he was an executed team leader at Culture Technology Institute, GIST, 2010-2012. In 2011, he worked at Lancaster University, the UK as a visiting scholar. In September 2012, he joined Daegu University, where he is currently an associate professor in the School of ICT Conver, Daegu University. Also, he served as the Board of Directors of KSIIS since 2019, and HCI Korea since 2016. From 2017~2019, he worked as a center director of the Mixed Reality Convergence Research Center at Daegu University. From 2015-2017, He worked as a director in the Enterprise Supporting Office of LINC Project Group, Daegu University. His research interests include Activity Fusion & Reasoning, Machine Learning, Context-aware Middleware, Human-Computer Interaction, etc.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"262719",title:"Dr.",name:"Esma",middleName:null,surname:"Ergüner Özkoç",slug:"esma-erguner-ozkoc",fullName:"Esma Ergüner Özkoç",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Başkent University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"346530",title:"Dr.",name:"Ibrahim",middleName:null,surname:"Kaya",slug:"ibrahim-kaya",fullName:"Ibrahim Kaya",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Izmir Kâtip Çelebi University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"419199",title:"Dr.",name:"Qun",middleName:null,surname:"Yang",slug:"qun-yang",fullName:"Qun Yang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Auckland",country:{name:"New Zealand"}}},{id:"351158",title:"Prof.",name:"David W.",middleName:null,surname:"Anderson",slug:"david-w.-anderson",fullName:"David W. Anderson",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Calgary",country:{name:"Canada"}}}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"95",type:"subseries",title:"Urban Planning and Environmental Management",keywords:"Circular economy, Contingency planning and response to disasters, Ecosystem services, Integrated urban water management, Nature-based solutions, Sustainable urban development, Urban green spaces",scope:"
\r\n\tIf we aim to prosper as a society and as a species, there is no alternative to sustainability-oriented development and growth. Sustainable development is no longer a choice but a necessity for us all. Ecosystems and preserving ecosystem services and inclusive urban development present promising solutions to environmental problems. Contextually, the emphasis on studying these fields will enable us to identify and define the critical factors for territorial success in the upcoming decades to be considered by the main-actors, decision and policy makers, technicians, and public in general.
\r\n
\r\n\tHolistic urban planning and environmental management are therefore crucial spheres that will define sustainable trajectories for our urbanizing planet. This urban and environmental planning topic aims to attract contributions that address sustainable urban development challenges and solutions, including integrated urban water management, planning for the urban circular economy, monitoring of risks, contingency planning and response to disasters, among several other challenges and solutions.
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Since 2015 he heads the research department Sanitation, Water and Solid Waste for Development (Sandec) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Research and Technology (Eawag).",institutionString:"Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Switzerland",institution:null},editorTwo:{id:"290571",title:"Dr.",name:"Rui Alexandre",middleName:null,surname:"Castanho",slug:"rui-alexandre-castanho",fullName:"Rui Alexandre Castanho",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/290571/images/system/290571.jpg",biography:"Rui Alexandre Castanho has a master\\'s degree in Planning, Audit, and Control in Urban Green Spaces and an international Ph.D. in Sustainable Planning in Borderlands. Currently, he is a professor at WSB University, Poland, and a visiting professor at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. Dr. Castanho is a post-doc researcher on the GREAT Project, University of Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal. He collaborates with the Environmental Resources Analysis Research Group (ARAM), University of Extremadura (UEx), Spain; VALORIZA - Research Center for the Enhancement of Endogenous Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre (IPP), Portugal; Centre for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation (CITUR), Madeira, Portugal; and AQUAGEO Research Group, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil.",institutionString:"University of Johannesburg, South Africa and WSB University, Poland",institution:{name:"University of Johannesburg",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"South Africa"}}},editorThree:null,series:{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",issn:null},editorialBoard:[{id:"181486",title:"Dr.",name:"Claudia",middleName:null,surname:"Trillo",slug:"claudia-trillo",fullName:"Claudia 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