\\n\\n
IntechOpen was founded by scientists, for scientists, in order to make book publishing accessible around the globe. Over the last two decades, this has driven Open Access (OA) book publishing whilst levelling the playing field for global academics. Through our innovative publishing model and the support of the research community, we have now published over 5,700 Open Access books and are visited online by over three million academics every month. These researchers are increasingly working in broad technology-based subjects, driving multidisciplinary academic endeavours into human health, environment, and technology.
\\n\\nBy listening to our community, and in order to serve these rapidly growing areas which lie at the core of IntechOpen's expertise, we are launching a portfolio of Open Science journals:
\\n\\nAll three journals will publish under an Open Access model and embrace Open Science policies to help support the changing needs of academics in these fast-moving research areas. There will be direct links to preprint servers and data repositories, allowing full reproducibility and rapid dissemination of published papers to help accelerate the pace of research. Each journal has renowned Editors in Chief who will work alongside a global Editorial Board, delivering robust single-blind peer review. Supported by our internal editorial teams, this will ensure our authors will receive a quick, user-friendly, and personalised publishing experience.
\\n\\n"By launching our journals portfolio we are introducing new, dedicated homes for interdisciplinary technology-focused researchers to publish their work, whilst embracing Open Science and creating a unique global home for academics to disseminate their work. We are taking a leap toward Open Science continuing and expanding our fundamental commitment to openly sharing scientific research across the world, making it available for the benefit of all." Dr. Sara Uhac, IntechOpen CEO
\\n\\n"Our aim is to promote and create better science for a better world by increasing access to information and the latest scientific developments to all scientists, innovators, entrepreneurs and students and give them the opportunity to learn, observe and contribute to knowledge creation. Open Science promotes a swifter path from research to innovation to produce new products and services." Alex Lazinica, IntechOpen founder
\\n\\nIn conclusion, Natalia Reinic Babic, Head of Journal Publishing and Open Science at IntechOpen adds:
\\n\\n“On behalf of the journal team I’d like to thank all our Editors in Chief, Editorial Boards, internal supporting teams, and our scientific community for their continuous support in making this portfolio a reality - we couldn’t have done it without you! With your support in place, we are confident these journals will become as impactful and successful as our book publishing program and bring us closer to a more open (science) future.”
\\n\\nWe invite you to visit the journals homepage and learn more about the journal’s Editorial Boards, scope and vision as all three journals are now open for submissions.
\\n\\nFeel free to share this news on social media and help us mark this memorable moment!
\\n\\n\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:{caption:"",originalUrl:"/media/original/237"}},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'
After years of being acknowledged as the world's leading publisher of Open Access books, today, we are proud to announce we’ve successfully launched a portfolio of Open Science journals covering rapidly expanding areas of interdisciplinary research.
\n\n\n\nIntechOpen was founded by scientists, for scientists, in order to make book publishing accessible around the globe. Over the last two decades, this has driven Open Access (OA) book publishing whilst levelling the playing field for global academics. Through our innovative publishing model and the support of the research community, we have now published over 5,700 Open Access books and are visited online by over three million academics every month. These researchers are increasingly working in broad technology-based subjects, driving multidisciplinary academic endeavours into human health, environment, and technology.
\n\nBy listening to our community, and in order to serve these rapidly growing areas which lie at the core of IntechOpen's expertise, we are launching a portfolio of Open Science journals:
\n\nAll three journals will publish under an Open Access model and embrace Open Science policies to help support the changing needs of academics in these fast-moving research areas. There will be direct links to preprint servers and data repositories, allowing full reproducibility and rapid dissemination of published papers to help accelerate the pace of research. Each journal has renowned Editors in Chief who will work alongside a global Editorial Board, delivering robust single-blind peer review. Supported by our internal editorial teams, this will ensure our authors will receive a quick, user-friendly, and personalised publishing experience.
\n\n"By launching our journals portfolio we are introducing new, dedicated homes for interdisciplinary technology-focused researchers to publish their work, whilst embracing Open Science and creating a unique global home for academics to disseminate their work. We are taking a leap toward Open Science continuing and expanding our fundamental commitment to openly sharing scientific research across the world, making it available for the benefit of all." Dr. Sara Uhac, IntechOpen CEO
\n\n"Our aim is to promote and create better science for a better world by increasing access to information and the latest scientific developments to all scientists, innovators, entrepreneurs and students and give them the opportunity to learn, observe and contribute to knowledge creation. Open Science promotes a swifter path from research to innovation to produce new products and services." Alex Lazinica, IntechOpen founder
\n\nIn conclusion, Natalia Reinic Babic, Head of Journal Publishing and Open Science at IntechOpen adds:
\n\n“On behalf of the journal team I’d like to thank all our Editors in Chief, Editorial Boards, internal supporting teams, and our scientific community for their continuous support in making this portfolio a reality - we couldn’t have done it without you! With your support in place, we are confident these journals will become as impactful and successful as our book publishing program and bring us closer to a more open (science) future.”
\n\nWe invite you to visit the journals homepage and learn more about the journal’s Editorial Boards, scope and vision as all three journals are now open for submissions.
\n\nFeel free to share this news on social media and help us mark this memorable moment!
\n\n\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"},{slug:"introducing-intechopen-book-series-a-new-publishing-format-for-oa-books-20210915",title:"Introducing IntechOpen Book Series - A New Publishing Format for OA Books"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"5483",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Adiposity - Epidemiology and Treatment Modalities",title:"Adiposity",subtitle:"Epidemiology and Treatment Modalities",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:'This book is the first in a series of two, featuring the Adiposity - Epidemiology and Treatment Modalities, serving as a summary of the traditional views on how the organ systems are affected when higher organs start to suffer from enhanced body weight, where most of this additional weight consists of white adipose tissue (WAT). The understanding of the "epidemiology" of obesity will consequently enable clinicians and researchers to better understand the untoward "trends" of "metabolic aberrations" from a well-organized and health-bringing homeostasis, with fully responding WAT and BAT, thus enabling a balance between fat-producing and fat-metabolizing tissues for the benefit of the various organ systems taking care of the fat and carbohydrate metabolism, normally yielding a balanced energy turnover, ensuring "healthy" cell phenotypes, which optimally coordinate the energy metabolism in a well-functioning organism throughout a lifetime.',isbn:"978-953-51-2996-7",printIsbn:"978-953-51-2995-0",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-7351-9",doi:"10.5772/63121",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"adiposity-epidemiology-and-treatment-modalities",numberOfPages:252,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:null,isInBkci:!1,hash:"5f19b6a0755b8a29538e3b2043d4a854",bookSignature:"Jan Oxholm Gordeladze",publishedDate:"March 15th 2017",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5483.jpg",numberOfDownloads:26986,numberOfWosCitations:12,numberOfCrossrefCitations:13,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:1,numberOfDimensionsCitations:25,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:2,hasAltmetrics:1,numberOfTotalCitations:50,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"April 26th 2016",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"May 17th 2016",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"August 21st 2016",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"November 19th 2016",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"December 19th 2016",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"36345",title:"Prof.",name:"Jan",middleName:"Oxholm",surname:"Gordeladze",slug:"jan-gordeladze",fullName:"Jan Gordeladze",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/36345/images/3823_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Jan O. Gordeladze, Ph.D. (born 25th of April, 1950), holds a triple professor competence (Medical Biochemistry, Physiology, and Pharmacology), and is presently working as a Professor Emeritus at the Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, Norway. He has previously been employed as the Medical Director of MSD, Norway, serving two years as a Fulbright scholar at the NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. From 2006-2009 he was employed as Associate Professor at the University of Montpellier, France. He is a member of the Norwegian Stem Cell Center, and his research has over the past 7-10 years been devoted to differentiation of osteochondral cells from stem cells focusing on the impact of transcription factors and microRNA species constituting regulatory loop interactions with functional target genes. He has published more than 120 scientific articles, reviews/book chapters and presented more than 250 abstracts/posters/talks at conferences worldwide. Dr. Gordeladze has served as a Fulbright Scholar at The National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Washington DC during the years 1990-91.",institutionString:null,position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"9",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"3",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"1134",title:"Population Health",slug:"population-health"}],chapters:[{id:"54140",title:"Introductory Chapter: Obesity – A Worldwide Problem",doi:"10.5772/67688",slug:"introductory-chapter-obesity-a-worldwide-problem",totalDownloads:1798,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Jan Oxholm Gordeladze",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/54140",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/54140",authors:[{id:"36345",title:"Prof.",name:"Jan",surname:"Gordeladze",slug:"jan-gordeladze",fullName:"Jan Gordeladze"}],corrections:null},{id:"52728",title:"Obesity as a Growing Public Health Problem",doi:"10.5772/65718",slug:"obesity-as-a-growing-public-health-problem",totalDownloads:2406,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:5,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:"Obesity is one of the most important reasons for reduced life expectancy within the “modern” world. The prevalence of overweight and obesity continues to increase both in developing and in developed countries. It is common in every age group, from pediatric to geriatric individuals, which serve as our future and heritage in the universe. It was clearly seen in reported studies around the world that overweight and obesity are still growing epidemic health problems. It is well known that obesity results in impaired health and premature death. Obesity does not only impair the physical and mental health of people but also impairs economic wealth of most communities. The heavy burden of treatment cost and reductions in effective labor power leads to financial losses all over the world. Obesity has a higher morbidity rate than diseases emanating from underweight. Primarily, we have to find a reasonable and sustainable solution to this problem, in order to reach the longer life expectancy and more qualified life span in the twenty-first century. The policy makers in health services and health professionals in medicine have important roles to prevent and cure this “contemporary” epidemic. Additionally, the most crucial step for people is to get rid of the prevailing inertia and take personal responsibility for their health development.",signatures:"Hülya Çakmur",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/52728",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/52728",authors:[{id:"190636",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Hülya",surname:"Çakmur",slug:"hulya-cakmur",fullName:"Hülya Çakmur"}],corrections:null},{id:"52377",title:"Lay Theories of Obesity: Causes and Consequences",doi:"10.5772/65341",slug:"lay-theories-of-obesity-causes-and-consequences",totalDownloads:2268,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:4,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:"Both the scientific community and the general public have come to recognize the increasing prevalence of obesity as a significant public health crisis. To help address this issue, recent research has begun to explore lay theories of obesity—the mental models that structure how non-experts think about the causes and consequences of the condition. In this chapter, we develop an integrative review of the literature on lay theories of obesity, drawing on research in public health, communications, and psychology to illuminate the factors that shape beliefs and attitudes toward the condition, as well as the consequences of specific lay theories for cognition and behavior. At the individual level, we discuss how certain ways of thinking about obesity facilitate obesity treatment and prevention. At the societal level, we discuss how certain ways of thinking about obesity lead people to support (and oppose) specific types of obesity-related policy interventions. We pay special attention to the role of narrative framing and individual demographics in the etiology of lay beliefs and explore how particular psychological mechanisms (e.g., empathy) can affect attributions and attitudes.",signatures:"Paul H. Thibodeau and Stephen J. Flusberg",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/52377",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/52377",authors:[{id:"190818",title:"Prof.",name:"Paul",surname:"Thibodeau",slug:"paul-thibodeau",fullName:"Paul Thibodeau"},{id:"190820",title:"Prof.",name:"Stephen",surname:"Flusberg",slug:"stephen-flusberg",fullName:"Stephen Flusberg"}],corrections:null},{id:"52667",title:"Network Analysis of Obesity Expression Data",doi:"10.5772/65292",slug:"network-analysis-of-obesity-expression-data",totalDownloads:1432,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"There are numerous genetic and environmental factors associated significantly with obesity, which could be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers. The molecular mechanisms, development, differentiation, and disease gene expression data provide crucial insights as these differentially expressed genes could have major effects on diet-induced obesity and such effect is not seen in animals. Genomics and proteomics are major branches for better understanding the normal function of the tissues and their interactions with the environment i.e. characterizing the tissues in which the newly discovered genes are expressed, helps in understanding the development of tissues, ageing mechanisms, and signalling routes that enable the tissues to function and also direct the similitude, parallelism and other levels of aptness betwixt two or more gene artefacts. It is traditionally known that hypothalamic and brain stem centres are intricate in the mandate of food absorption and energy equilibrium, but statistics on the associated governing elements and their genes was scant until the utmost decagon and have been identified to be strongly expressed in variety of tissues. NPY plays a notable part in anxiety, tension, corpulence, and vitality homeostasis through incitement of NPY-Y1 receptors (Y1Rs) in the mind. NPY1R quality is the protein accomplice of qualities that are utilized as model as a part of mouse and in addition in people. Utilizing diverse bioinformatics instruments, the relative examination of NPY1R at quality and additionally at protein level can be assessed for biomarker of stoutness malady. In this manner, the system science thinks about point to predict the quality of heftiness which could be taken as a biomarker in human by examining with the quality that already has been utilized as marker as a part of model life forms.",signatures:"Ashok Kumar and Kanika Gupta",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/52667",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/52667",authors:[{id:"189975",title:"Dr.",name:"Ashok",surname:"Kumar",slug:"ashok-kumar",fullName:"Ashok Kumar"},{id:"194760",title:"Mrs.",name:"Kanika",surname:"Gupta",slug:"kanika-gupta",fullName:"Kanika Gupta"}],corrections:null},{id:"52120",title:"The Brain, the Environment, and Human Obesity: An Evolutionary Perspective on the Difficulty with Maintaining Long-Term Weight Loss",doi:"10.5772/64989",slug:"the-brain-the-environment-and-human-obesity-an-evolutionary-perspective-on-the-difficulty-with-maint",totalDownloads:3616,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The dramatic increase in obesity within one or two generations cannot possibly be due to a change in genetics. It is the processing, distribution, and availability of foods that have changed, not the brain. For most people, in the presence of pleasant tasting (high calorie) foods, the brain’s reward circuitry overwhelms the satiety signals. For 2 million years, overeating (on the occasional basis when that was possible) had adaptive value, and it has only been since the rise of an omnipresent obesogenic environment that such behavior has become maladaptive, resulting in widespread obesity. Long-term weight loss is, at minimum, a two-part process: (1) initial weight loss and (2) relapse prevention. All weight loss programs (diet, pharmacology, or surgical) work in the short run, but none used alone have proven widely effective in the long term. After initial weight loss, relapse is common because until recently interventions failed to consider our evolutionary history and thus have underestimated the sensory/reward aspects of feeding behavior. Strongly heritable behavioral characteristics that differentiate obesity-prone individuals from others (e.g., food cue responsiveness, satiety responsiveness) have now been identified and can potentially be targeted to help people learn how to better interact with an obesogenic environment.",signatures:"Bruce M. King",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/52120",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/52120",authors:[{id:"191542",title:"Prof.",name:"Bruce",surname:"King",slug:"bruce-king",fullName:"Bruce King"}],corrections:null},{id:"52576",title:"Epidemiology of Abdominal Obesity",doi:"10.5772/65342",slug:"epidemiology-of-abdominal-obesity",totalDownloads:1726,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:7,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Abdominal obesity (AO) is associated with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. AO is a multifactorial disorder arising from genetic, environmental, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors. Thus, in this chapter, we devote ourselves to the exercise of trying to explain the epidemiology of AO in adults. We showed the increasing prevalence of AO around the world, and a gender difference in this determination was observed. Among women, the population group who is the most affected by AO, a higher prevalence of AO is observed in individuals living in low- or middle-income countries (LMIC), who are older, multiparous, and in the menopausal transition, and who belong to the poorest strata and have lower educational level. While among men, the risk of AO is positively associated with socioeconomic status, particularly in LMIC. Regarding behavioral factors (eating frequency, sleep duration, physical activity, and smoking), gender differences are difficult to be detected due to the lack of studies investigating their association with AO according to sex. However, the current evidence suggests that men benefit more from consuming a greater number of meals a day and women are more affected by the harmful effects of physical inactivity. We argued AO, despite biological conditions associated with behavior factors, should be examined as an important issue of gender inequality in health, possibly mediated by socioeconomic and behavioral differences between men and women.",signatures:"Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto, Heloísa Theodoro and Raquel Canuto",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/52576",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/52576",authors:[{id:"192253",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Maria Teresa",surname:"Anselmo Olinto",slug:"maria-teresa-anselmo-olinto",fullName:"Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto"}],corrections:null},{id:"52778",title:"Childhood Obesity",doi:"10.5772/65914",slug:"childhood-obesity",totalDownloads:1756,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Currently, the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents and related complications is considered one of the most important nutritional problems globally. The prevalence of childhood obesity in Europe is 10 times higher now than it was in the 1970s. Initial assessments of these patients should include taking a careful history (investigating comorbidities, family history and potentially modifiable behaviors) and physical examination. The degree of investigation is dependent on the patient's age and severity of obesity, the findings on history and physical examination and associated familial risk factors. Childhood obesity treatment is based on sustained lifestyle changes with family involvement. Management intervention strategies include nutrition, physical activity, behavior and lifestyle changes, medication and surgical considerations.",signatures:"Laura Mihaela Trandafir, Ileana Ioniuc and Ingrith Miron",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/52778",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/52778",authors:[{id:"190712",title:"Prof.",name:"Ingrith",surname:"Miron",slug:"ingrith-miron",fullName:"Ingrith Miron"},{id:"194284",title:"MSc.",name:"Laura",surname:"Trandafir",slug:"laura-trandafir",fullName:"Laura Trandafir"}],corrections:null},{id:"53011",title:"Multimodal Lifestyle Intervention: Outlines and Outcomes",doi:"10.5772/66371",slug:"multimodal-lifestyle-intervention-outlines-and-outcomes",totalDownloads:1658,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Multimodal lifestyle intervention is an essential step in obesity management. This chapter will discuss the structure and components of a proper multimodal lifestyle intervention. The setting for suppling this intervention is preferred to be served by a multidisciplinary team in a secondary care setting, but primary healthcare or even online setting is effective. The results of this type of holistic intervention are much more promising than single-discipline outcome. Success rates of intensive multimodal lifestyle intervention are growing to make it as a potential alternative to bariatric surgery in selected morbidly obese cases. However, this intervention has some limitations such as unpredicted outcomes and high dropout rates. Future studies should augment its curing effects and address the underlying mechanisms.",signatures:"Mahmoud M. A. Abulmeaty",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/53011",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/53011",authors:[{id:"190647",title:"Dr.",name:"Mahmoud",surname:"Abulmeaty",slug:"mahmoud-abulmeaty",fullName:"Mahmoud Abulmeaty"}],corrections:null},{id:"51636",title:"Physical Activity and Obesity in Adults",doi:"10.5772/64672",slug:"physical-activity-and-obesity-in-adults",totalDownloads:3362,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:"Both obesity and physical inactivity are global health problems responsible for the risk increment of non-communicable diseases. Obese individuals usually cannot perform the recommended level of physical activity because of their low physical fitness and comorbidities. The purpose of this chapter is summarizing and evaluating the effects of physical activity on obesity. The author also focuses on the association between non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) and obesity. The author has reviewed 13 systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of physical activity on obesity. Exercise is essential for the management of obesity. However, exercise alone is not sufficient for long-term weight loss and improving cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Diet seems to be more effective for treating obesity than exercise. On the other hand, exercise improves cardiorespiratory fitness and skeletal muscle fitness, which leads to prevent sarcopenic obesity in the elderly. Exercise therapy should be performed in conjunction with diet therapy to improve obesity. NEAT is the main determinant of variability in daily energy expenditure, which considerably contributes to weight change in humans. The current evidence regarding NEAT is limited; however, NEAT appears to be effective for the management of metabolic diseases as well as weight loss. To reveal the optimal mode of physical activity and to elucidate the effects of NEAT on health beyond weight lowering, further well-designed studies are warranted.",signatures:"Hidetaka Hamasaki",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/51636",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/51636",authors:[{id:"190631",title:"Dr.",name:"Hidetaka",surname:"Hamasaki",slug:"hidetaka-hamasaki",fullName:"Hidetaka Hamasaki"}],corrections:null},{id:"52262",title:"Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Pediatric Population: Relation to Serum Leptin Concentrations",doi:"10.5772/65098",slug:"prevalence-of-metabolic-syndrome-in-obese-pediatric-population-relation-to-serum-leptin-concentratio",totalDownloads:1560,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Childhood obesity represents the most relevant nutritional disorder in our environment. This study examines the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in an obese pediatric population and its relation to serum leptin concentrations. A cross-sectional clinical and metabolic study was accomplished in a group of 106 obese children (47 males and 59 females). Patients were classified into prepubertal group (Tanner stage I) and pubertal group (Tanner stages II–V). Prevalence of insulin resistance [homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)], hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and arterial hypertension (HTA) was 38.7, 45.3, 28.3 and 33.8%, respectively. Metabolic syndrome prevalence (30.2%) was significantly higher in the pubertal group (38%) than the prepubertal group (23.2%). There was a positive correlation between leptin and body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.529), leptin and HOMA indexes (r = 0.562) and leptin and triglycerides (r = 0.314). In addition, there was a positive correlation between HOMA indexes and triglycerides (r = 0.596). Clinical and metabolic disorders associated with obesity and related to the so-called metabolic syndrome are already present in pediatric population. Leptin could play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome.",signatures:"Teodoro Durá-Travé, Fidel Gallinas-Victoriano, Leyre Lloreda-\nMartín, Alberto Ríos-Muñoz, Inés Niyubahwe and Ander Ernaga-\nLorea",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/52262",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/52262",authors:[{id:"53819",title:"Prof.",name:"Teodoro",surname:"Durá-Travé",slug:"teodoro-dura-trave",fullName:"Teodoro Durá-Travé"}],corrections:null},{id:"52888",title:"Dietary and Hormonal Factors Involved in Healthy or Unhealthy Visceral Adipose Tissue Expansion",doi:"10.5772/65927",slug:"dietary-and-hormonal-factors-involved-in-healthy-or-unhealthy-visceral-adipose-tissue-expansion",totalDownloads:1726,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:"White adipose tissue (WAT) expansion is related to the development of metabolic disorders found in obesity. WAT expansion is the result of generation of new adipose cells by activation of adipogenesis and/or the increase in adipose cell size (hypertrophy). The balance between these two processes determines whether WAT expansion occurs predominantly by hyperplasia, which means the increase in the number of adipocytes, or hypertrophy. Hypertrophic adipocytes are characterized by changes in adipokine secretion pattern, insulin resistance and altered lipid metabolism, which is the reason why WAT-hypertrophic expansion is considered unhealthy. Conversely, the generation of new mature adipocytes by adipogenesis contributes to reduction of the development of hypertrophic adipocytes and therefore maintain normal WAT functions, leading to healthy hyperplastic expansion. The adipogenic capacity of adipose tissue depends on the adipogenic potential and the number of adipocyte precursor cells. Different factors are known to regulate adipogenic process and adipose tissue function, contributing to a healthy or unhealthy expansion that occurs under positive energy balance. This chapter discusses the role of fructose intake and glucocorticoids and testosterone as regulators of adipose tissue function and expansion.",signatures:"María Guillermina Zubiría, Ana Alzamendi, Luisina Ongaro, Eduardo\nSpinedi and Andrés Giovambattista",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/52888",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/52888",authors:[{id:"191011",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrés",surname:"Giovambattista",slug:"andres-giovambattista",fullName:"Andrés Giovambattista"},{id:"191724",title:"Dr.",name:"María Guillermina",surname:"Zubiría",slug:"maria-guillermina-zubiria",fullName:"María Guillermina Zubiría"},{id:"191729",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana",surname:"Alzamendi",slug:"ana-alzamendi",fullName:"Ana Alzamendi"},{id:"191731",title:"Dr.",name:"Luisina",surname:"Ongaro Gambino",slug:"luisina-ongaro-gambino",fullName:"Luisina Ongaro Gambino"},{id:"191733",title:"Dr.",name:"Eduardo",surname:"Spinedi",slug:"eduardo-spinedi",fullName:"Eduardo Spinedi"}],corrections:null},{id:"53472",title:"Nutrition Labelling: Educational Tool for Reducing Risks of Obesity-Related Non-communicable Diseases",doi:"10.5772/65728",slug:"nutrition-labelling-educational-tool-for-reducing-risks-of-obesity-related-non-communicable-diseases",totalDownloads:1926,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Food and nutrition education is globally recognized as the most efficient tool for reducing the risks of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). For decades, different nutrition labelling formats found on the back of food packages have been used as educational tools to provide information on amounts of nutrients for preventing both under- and over-nutrition. However, these traditional panels have proven to be ineffective for consumer education due to their complexity. Other systems, so-called ‘Simplified Nutrition Labelling’, which are normally shown on the front of a food package, were then introduced as ‘Front-of-Pack, FOP’ labelling. These labelling panels normally contain only the nutrients that relate to NCDs and that should be limited for consumption. At least four types of FOP nutrition labelling panels exist, namely, nutrient specific, summary indicator, food group information and hybrids. These panels using different patterns provide consumers with three types of information: non-evaluative, evaluative or interpretative and conclusive. In this chapter, the advantages and disadvantages of different types of nutrition labelling are discussed, especially their roles in reducing the risk of obesity-related NCDs in a population.",signatures:"Visith Chavasit, Wantanee Kriengsinyos, Mayuree Ditmetharoj,\nManasuwee Phaichamanan, Kangsadan Singsoong, Prapaisri\nSirichakwal and Araya Rojjanawanicharkorn",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/53472",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/53472",authors:[{id:"191830",title:"Prof.",name:"Visith",surname:"Chavasit",slug:"visith-chavasit",fullName:"Visith Chavasit"}],corrections:null},{id:"52533",title:"New Potential Beta-3 Adrenergic Agonists with Beta- Phenylethylamine Structure, Synthesized for the Treatment of Dyslipidemia and Obesity",doi:"10.5772/65328",slug:"new-potential-beta-3-adrenergic-agonists-with-beta-phenylethylamine-structure-synthesized-for-the-tr",totalDownloads:1752,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:4,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Beta-3 adrenergic receptors have important physiological implications, being expressed in many places in the body, including brown adipose tissue. Of the effects studied in preclinical research on lipid metabolism attributable to stimulation of these receptors, we can mention the increased thermogenesis and metabolic rate in the brown adipose tissue, reduction of body weight in obese diabetic rats, lowering of intra-abdominal and subepithelial fat in nonobese and nondiabetic rats, decrease of triglyceride, and increase of HDL cholesterol levels. Carbohydrate metabolism is also changed by beta-3 adrenergic agonists, the most prevalent effects being blood glucose lowering in diabetic rats, increasing insulin secretion of the pancreas, or increasing glucose tolerance. Metabolic effects of 13 newly synthesized compounds of beta-phenylethylamine structure and reference BRL 37344 were investigated in order to identify a potential affinity for beta-3 adrenergic receptors. The antidiabetic and hypolipemiant effects were investigated on a rat model of alloxan-induced diabetes. The results demonstrated that new beta-phenylethylamine derivatives produced marked biological activity over lipid profile. All compounds have markedly decreased the values of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides and also have increased the values of antiatherogenic HDL cholesterol. The effects were significantly more intense than the reference substance BRL 37344.",signatures:"Simona Negreș, Cornel Chiriță, Andreea Letiția Arsene, Denisa\nMargină, Elena Moroșan and Cristina Elena Zbârcea",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/52533",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/52533",authors:[{id:"47029",title:"Dr.",name:"Denisa",surname:"Margina",slug:"denisa-margina",fullName:"Denisa Margina"},{id:"191896",title:"Prof.",name:"Cornel",surname:"Chirita",slug:"cornel-chirita",fullName:"Cornel Chirita"},{id:"191898",title:"Prof.",name:"Simona",surname:"Negreș",slug:"simona-negres",fullName:"Simona Negreș"},{id:"191899",title:"Prof.",name:"Andreea Letiția",surname:"Arsene",slug:"andreea-letitia-arsene",fullName:"Andreea Letiția Arsene"},{id:"191900",title:"Prof.",name:"Elena",surname:"Moroșan",slug:"elena-morosan",fullName:"Elena Moroșan"},{id:"191901",title:"Prof.",name:"Cristina Elena",surname:"Zbârcea",slug:"cristina-elena-zbarcea",fullName:"Cristina Elena Zbârcea"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},subseries:null,tags:null},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"5169",title:"Vitamin K2",subtitle:"Vital for Health and Wellbeing",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b2f9f024939ddc4f5da2a8afa3fcd9c9",slug:"vitamin-k2-vital-for-health-and-wellbeing",bookSignature:"Jan Oxholm Gordeladze",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5169.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"36345",title:"Prof.",name:"Jan",surname:"Gordeladze",slug:"jan-gordeladze",fullName:"Jan Gordeladze"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6039",title:"Adiposity",subtitle:"Omics and Molecular Understanding",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7ef4705430dd255e9105eff55b3b21a8",slug:"adiposity-omics-and-molecular-understanding",bookSignature:"Jan Oxholm Gordeladze",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6039.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"36345",title:"Prof.",name:"Jan",surname:"Gordeladze",slug:"jan-gordeladze",fullName:"Jan Gordeladze"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"313",title:"Health Management",subtitle:"Different Approaches and Solutions",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"50844b8973e93e755acd2e5a950f2766",slug:"health-management-different-approaches-and-solutions",bookSignature:"Krzysztof Śmigórski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/313.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"12528",title:"Dr.",name:"Krzysztof",surname:"Smigorski",slug:"krzysztof-smigorski",fullName:"Krzysztof Smigorski"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2140",title:"Epidemiology Insights",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"30ed18695c28d4af7aa8fe536a765829",slug:"epidemiology-insights",bookSignature:"Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2140.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"87931",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria De Lourdes",surname:"Ribeiro De Souza Da Cunha",slug:"maria-de-lourdes-ribeiro-de-souza-da-cunha",fullName:"Maria De Lourdes Ribeiro De Souza Da Cunha"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5378",title:"The Epidemiology and Ecology of Leishmaniasis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"862e269e0512a4763bba54d355c3c44f",slug:"the-epidemiology-and-ecology-of-leishmaniasis",bookSignature:"David Claborn",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5378.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"169536",title:"Dr.",name:"David",surname:"Claborn",slug:"david-claborn",fullName:"David Claborn"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5115",title:"Health Management",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6af1c688ae4cf514c5c3ed6e801f6725",slug:"health-management",bookSignature:"Krzysztof Smigorski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5115.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"12528",title:"Dr.",name:"Krzysztof",surname:"Smigorski",slug:"krzysztof-smigorski",fullName:"Krzysztof Smigorski"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5287",title:"Epidemiology of Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases",subtitle:"Attributes of Lifestyle and Nature on Humankind",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c8ce64cf0b96dce4c16042b2982ef5bb",slug:"epidemiology-of-communicable-and-non-communicable-diseases-attributes-of-lifestyle-and-nature-on-humankind",bookSignature:"Fyson H. Kasenga",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5287.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"86725",title:"Dr.",name:"Fyson",surname:"Kasenga",slug:"fyson-kasenga",fullName:"Fyson Kasenga"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6142",title:"Family Planning",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4993c79cffba3126a9ca1ef7c9902c7e",slug:"family-planning",bookSignature:"Zouhair O. Amarin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6142.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"101551",title:"Prof.",name:"Zouhair",surname:"Amarin",slug:"zouhair-amarin",fullName:"Zouhair Amarin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10571",title:"Global Women's Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a6e4958a3dcb6623d2b8035bad5f3276",slug:"global-women-s-health",bookSignature:"Zhengchao Wang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10571.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"204883",title:"Dr.",name:"Zhengchao",surname:"Wang",slug:"zhengchao-wang",fullName:"Zhengchao Wang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophile",surname:"Theophanides",slug:"theophile-theophanides",fullName:"Theophile Theophanides"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],ofsBooks:[]},correction:{item:{id:"71364",slug:"erratum-the-mechanism-of-misalignment-of-saw-cutting-crack-of-concrete-pavement",title:"Erratum - The Mechanism of Misalignment of Saw Cutting Crack of Concrete Pavement",doi:null,correctionPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/71364.pdf",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/71364",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/71364",totalDownloads:null,totalCrossrefCites:null,bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/71364",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/71364",chapter:{id:"71109",slug:"the-mechanism-of-misalignment-of-saw-cutting-crack-of-concrete-pavement",signatures:"Chatarina Niken",dateSubmitted:"October 18th 2019",dateReviewed:"January 11th 2020",datePrePublished:"February 14th 2020",datePublished:"September 23rd 2020",book:{id:"7615",title:"Fracture Mechanics Applications",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Fracture Mechanics Applications",slug:"fracture-mechanics-applications",publishedDate:"September 23rd 2020",bookSignature:"Hayri Baytan Ozmen and H. Ersen Balcioglu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7615.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"198122",title:"Dr.",name:"Hayri Baytan",middleName:null,surname:"Ozmen",slug:"hayri-baytan-ozmen",fullName:"Hayri Baytan Ozmen"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"313776",title:"Dr.",name:"Chatarina",middleName:null,surname:"Niken",fullName:"Chatarina Niken",slug:"chatarina-niken",email:"chatarinaniken@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null}]}},chapter:{id:"71109",slug:"the-mechanism-of-misalignment-of-saw-cutting-crack-of-concrete-pavement",signatures:"Chatarina Niken",dateSubmitted:"October 18th 2019",dateReviewed:"January 11th 2020",datePrePublished:"February 14th 2020",datePublished:"September 23rd 2020",book:{id:"7615",title:"Fracture Mechanics Applications",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Fracture Mechanics Applications",slug:"fracture-mechanics-applications",publishedDate:"September 23rd 2020",bookSignature:"Hayri Baytan Ozmen and H. Ersen Balcioglu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7615.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"198122",title:"Dr.",name:"Hayri Baytan",middleName:null,surname:"Ozmen",slug:"hayri-baytan-ozmen",fullName:"Hayri Baytan Ozmen"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"313776",title:"Dr.",name:"Chatarina",middleName:null,surname:"Niken",fullName:"Chatarina Niken",slug:"chatarina-niken",email:"chatarinaniken@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null}]},book:{id:"7615",title:"Fracture Mechanics Applications",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Fracture Mechanics Applications",slug:"fracture-mechanics-applications",publishedDate:"September 23rd 2020",bookSignature:"Hayri Baytan Ozmen and H. Ersen Balcioglu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7615.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"198122",title:"Dr.",name:"Hayri Baytan",middleName:null,surname:"Ozmen",slug:"hayri-baytan-ozmen",fullName:"Hayri Baytan Ozmen"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},ofsBook:{item:{type:"book",id:"11361",leadTitle:null,title:"Foodborne Pathogens - Recent Advances in Control and Detection",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"
\r\n\tFoodborne pathogens are a major economic and public health problem in the food production chain. The presence of these pathogens in food products can cause from the discarding of contaminated food batches to illnesses with varying degrees of severity in the consumer. Food can be a source of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella or Listeria monocytogenes, viruses such as norovirus, or toxins such as those produced by Staphylococcus aureus. Although great advances have been made in the control and detection of these microorganisms, they are still a cause for concern in both developed and developing countries. One of the main concerns is the presence of multi-resistant strains that limit the efficacy of currently available treatments. On the other hand, bacterial pathogens can form biofilms, increasing their ability to persist in the food industry environment. The control of food pathogens in the food industry needs to be approached from different angles. First of all, it is important to understand how pathogens behave under different conditions in the food chain. The introduction of omics technologies in food microbiology will be a key step to achieve this goal. On the other hand, it is important to develop new detection methods that are sensitive, specific, and fast in order to reduce decision times in the food chain. Finally, it is necessary to develop new control methods that inhibit the presence of pathogens at every point in the food chain and protect the consumer. This book aims to give an overview of the latest trends in foodborne pathogen control.
",isbn:"978-1-80355-904-9",printIsbn:"978-1-80355-903-2",pdfIsbn:"978-1-80355-905-6",doi:null,price:0,priceEur:0,priceUsd:0,slug:null,numberOfPages:0,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isSalesforceBook:!1,isNomenclature:!1,hash:"1ddd4885a5c91c7298e29827650a1622",bookSignature:"Dr. Alexandre Lamas, Dr. Carlos Franco and Ms. Patricia Regal",publishedDate:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11361.jpg",keywords:"Foodborne Pathogens, Antimicrobial Resistance, Resistance Genes, Gene Transfer, Plasmids, Multidrug Resistance, Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification, PCR, qPCR, Control Methods, Biofilm, Omic Technologies",numberOfDownloads:59,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:0,numberOfTotalCitations:0,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"November 9th 2021",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"February 25th 2022",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"April 26th 2022",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"July 15th 2022",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"September 13th 2022",dateConfirmationOfParticipation:null,remainingDaysToSecondStep:"4 months",secondStepPassed:!0,areRegistrationsClosed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:4,editedByType:null,kuFlag:!1,biosketch:"Alexandre Lamas is a granted post-doctoral researcher of the University of Santiago de Compostela focused on the study of new methods of pathogen control and the application of omic techniques. He graduated in veterinary medicine from USC and obtained his Ph.D. in Innovation in Food Safety and Technology. Dr. Lamas's research focuses on food microbiology, especially the study of Salmonella and the search for new control methods.",coeditorOneBiosketch:"Carlos Manuel Franco Abuín is a researcher and professor of the University of Santiago de Compostela. He is currently the director of the department of analytical chemistry, nutrition, and bromatology at the USC and a member of the Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition. Dr. Franco Abuín is an expert in food science and food safety; a member of the Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition; and a holder of diverse registered patents.",coeditorTwoBiosketch:"Patricia Regal is a researcher and assistant lecturer at the University of Santiago de Compostela. She graduated in veterinary medicine and got her Ph.D. at USC in 2012. Dr. Regal is an expert in food science and food safety, and holder of one registered patent.",coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"194841",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexandre",middleName:null,surname:"Lamas",slug:"alexandre-lamas",fullName:"Alexandre Lamas",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/194841/images/system/194841.jpg",biography:"Alexandre Lamas is a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain. He obtained a Ph.D. in Innovation in Food Safety and Technologies from the same university in 2019. He is the author of more than thirty-five scientific articles in international peer-reviewed journals as well as four book chapters and two chapters in encyclopedias. He is an active reviewer for different journals of food science and microbiology and a member of the editorial board of two international journals. His research focuses on the study of foodborne pathogens, especially Salmonella, new control methods, the study of food microbiota, and more recently the study of foodborne pathogens bacteriophages.",institutionString:"University of Santiago de Compostela",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"University of Santiago de Compostela",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}}],coeditorOne:{id:"189907",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Franco",slug:"carlos-franco",fullName:"Carlos Franco",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/189907/images/system/189907.jpg",biography:"Carlos Manuel Franco is a full professor . He obtained a Ph.D. in Nutrition and Bromatology from the same university in 1994. He is the author of more than 120 international publications in scientific journals and several book chapters. He is currently a member of the scientific committee of the Spanish Security Agency Food and Nutrition (AESAN). He is the editor-in-chief and editorial board member of diverse food science and microbiology journals. His research is focused on new methods of food control, detection of pathogenic bacteria in food and other matrices, and the effect of various substances on pathogenic bacteria.",institutionString:"University of Santiago de Compostela",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"University of Santiago de Compostela",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},coeditorTwo:{id:"127648",title:"Ms.",name:"Patricia",middleName:null,surname:"Regal",slug:"patricia-regal",fullName:"Patricia Regal",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/127648/images/system/127648.png",biography:"Patricia Regal is a full-time assistant professor in the Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain. She graduated in Veterinary Science from the Faculty of Veterinary Science of Lugo, in 2007, and obtained her Ph.D. (cum laude) in 2012. Dr. Regal has published more than fifty scientific articles in prestigious international journals. She has co-authored four book chapters, various open-access articles, national contributions, and two chapters in encyclopedias. She has wide demonstrable experience in the field of food safety, food composition, omic technologies, biostatistics, biomarkers discovery, and chromatographic techniques and mass spectrometry applied to biological matrices.",institutionString:"University of Santiago de Compostela",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"University of Santiago de Compostela",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"5",title:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",slug:"agricultural-and-biological-sciences"}],chapters:[{id:"81306",title:"Pathogenicity, Toxin Production, Control and Detection of Bacillus cereus",slug:"pathogenicity-toxin-production-control-and-detection-of-bacillus-cereus",totalDownloads:29,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"81425",title:"Tools for Rapid Detection and Control of Foodborne Microbial Pathogens",slug:"tools-for-rapid-detection-and-control-of-foodborne-microbial-pathogens",totalDownloads:17,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"81035",title:"Advances in the Bacteriophage-Based Precise Identification and Magnetic Relaxation Switch Sensor for Rapid Detection of Foodborne Pathogens",slug:"advances-in-the-bacteriophage-based-precise-identification-and-magnetic-relaxation-switch-sensor-for",totalDownloads:13,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"429342",firstName:"Zrinka",lastName:"Tomicic",middleName:null,title:"Ms.",imageUrl:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/429342/images/20008_n.jpg",email:"zrinka@intechopen.com",biography:"As an Author Service Manager, my responsibilities include monitoring and facilitating all publishing activities for authors and editors. From chapter submission and review to approval and revision, copyediting and design, until final publication, I work closely with authors and editors to ensure a simple and easy publishing process. I maintain constant and effective communication with authors, editors and reviewers, which allows for a level of personal support that enables contributors to fully commit and concentrate on the chapters they are writing, editing, or reviewing. I assist authors in the preparation of their full chapter submissions and track important deadlines and ensure they are met. I help to coordinate internal processes such as linguistic review, and monitor the technical aspects of the process. As an ASM I am also involved in the acquisition of editors. Whether that be identifying an exceptional author and proposing an editorship collaboration, or contacting researchers who would like the opportunity to work with IntechOpen, I establish and help manage author and editor acquisition and contact."}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10331",title:"Salmonella spp",subtitle:"A Global Challenge",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"131535f5d2ebf6c7cfd85fd229bbfd0e",slug:"salmonella-spp-a-global-challenge",bookSignature:"Alexandre Lamas, Patricia Regal and Carlos Manuel Franco",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10331.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"194841",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexandre",surname:"Lamas",slug:"alexandre-lamas",fullName:"Alexandre Lamas"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6418",title:"Hyperspectral Imaging in Agriculture, Food and Environment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9005c36534a5dc065577a011aea13d4d",slug:"hyperspectral-imaging-in-agriculture-food-and-environment",bookSignature:"Alejandro Isabel Luna Maldonado, Humberto Rodríguez Fuentes and Juan Antonio Vidales Contreras",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6418.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"105774",title:"Prof.",name:"Alejandro Isabel",surname:"Luna Maldonado",slug:"alejandro-isabel-luna-maldonado",fullName:"Alejandro Isabel Luna Maldonado"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10359",title:"Landraces",subtitle:"Traditional Variety and Natural Breed",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0600836fb2c422f7b624363d1e854f68",slug:"landraces-traditional-variety-and-natural-breed",bookSignature:"Amr Elkelish",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10359.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"231337",title:"Dr.",name:"Amr",surname:"Elkelish",slug:"amr-elkelish",fullName:"Amr Elkelish"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophile",surname:"Theophanides",slug:"theophile-theophanides",fullName:"Theophile Theophanides"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"314",title:"Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering",subtitle:"Cells and Biomaterials",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bb67e80e480c86bb8315458012d65686",slug:"regenerative-medicine-and-tissue-engineering-cells-and-biomaterials",bookSignature:"Daniel Eberli",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/314.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"6495",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",surname:"Eberli",slug:"daniel-eberli",fullName:"Daniel Eberli"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"57",title:"Physics and Applications of Graphene",subtitle:"Experiments",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0e6622a71cf4f02f45bfdd5691e1189a",slug:"physics-and-applications-of-graphene-experiments",bookSignature:"Sergey Mikhailov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/57.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"16042",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergey",surname:"Mikhailov",slug:"sergey-mikhailov",fullName:"Sergey Mikhailov"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"811",title:"Vehicle Mounted Dual Sensor: SAR-GPR",doi:"10.5772/5413",slug:"vehicle_mounted_dual_sensor__sar-gpr",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/811.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/811",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/811",totalDownloads:4338,totalViews:155,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,totalAltmetricsMentions:0,impactScore:0,impactScorePercentile:21,impactScoreQuartile:1,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:null,dateReviewed:null,datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"February 1st 2008",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/811",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/811",book:{id:"3598",slug:"humanitarian_demining"},signatures:"Motoyuki Sato, Kazunori Takahashi, Takao Kobayashi Jun Fujiwara and Xuan Feng",authors:null,sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"3598",type:"book",title:"Humanitarian Demining",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Humanitarian Demining",slug:"humanitarian_demining",publishedDate:"February 1st 2008",bookSignature:"Maki K. Habib",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3598.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY-NC-SA 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-3-902613-11-0",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-5827-1",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",numberOfWosCitations:45,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"80821",title:"Dr.",name:"Maki K.",middleName:null,surname:"Habib",slug:"maki-k.-habib",fullName:"Maki K. Habib"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"1253"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"805",type:"chapter",title:"Humanitarian Demining: the Problem, Difficulties, Priorities, Demining Technology and the Challenge for Robotics",slug:"humanitarian_demining__the_problem__difficulties__priorities__demining_technology_and_the_challenge_",totalDownloads:4235,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Maki K. Habib",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"806",type:"chapter",title:"Humanitarian Demining: Research Challenges",slug:"humanitarian_demining__research_challenges",totalDownloads:1952,totalCrossrefCites:4,signatures:"James Trevelyan",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"807",type:"chapter",title:"Mine-suspected Area Reduction Using Aerial and Satellite Images",slug:"mine-suspected_area_reduction_using_aerial_and_satellite_images",totalDownloads:2397,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Acheroy Marc and Yvinec Yann",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"808",type:"chapter",title:"Multi-sensor Data Fusion Based on Belief Functions and Possibility Theory: Close Range Antipersonnel Mine Detection and Remote Sensing Mined Area Reduction",slug:"multi-sensor_data_fusion_based_on_belief_functions_and_possibility_theory__close_range_antipersonnel",totalDownloads:2260,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Nada Milisavljevic, Isabelle Bloch and Marc Acheroy",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"809",type:"chapter",title:"Resonance and Nonlinear Seismo-Acoustic Land Mine Detection",slug:"resonance_and_nonlinear_seismo-acoustic_land_mine_detection",totalDownloads:3967,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Dimitri M. Donskoy",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"810",type:"chapter",title:"GPR Environmental-Based Landmine Automatic Detection",slug:"gpr_environmental-based_landmine_automatic_detection",totalDownloads:3270,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Zakarya Zyada, Yasuhiro Kawai, Shinsuke Sato, Takayuki Matsuno Yasuhisa Hasegawa and Toshio Fukuda",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"811",type:"chapter",title:"Vehicle Mounted Dual Sensor: SAR-GPR",slug:"vehicle_mounted_dual_sensor__sar-gpr",totalDownloads:4338,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Motoyuki Sato, Kazunori Takahashi, Takao Kobayashi Jun Fujiwara and Xuan Feng",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"812",type:"chapter",title:"Humanitarian Demining Using an Insect Based Chemical Unmanned Aerial Vehicle",slug:"humanitarian_demining_using_an_insect_based_chemical_unmanned_aerial_vehicle",totalDownloads:2674,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Sergi Bermudez i Badia and Paul F.M.J. Verschure",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"813",type:"chapter",title:"Development of Deminer-Assisting Robotic Tools at Tokyo Institute of Technology",slug:"development_of_deminer-assisting_robotic_tools_at_tokyo_institute_of_technology",totalDownloads:2913,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Marc Freese, Paulo Debenest, Edwardo F. Fukushima and Shigeo Hirose",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"814",type:"chapter",title:"Mine Detection Robot and Related Technologies for Humanitarian Demining",slug:"mine_detection_robot_and_related_technologies_for_humanitarian_demining",totalDownloads:6485,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Kenzo Nonami, Seiji Masunaga, Daniel Waterman, Hajime Aoyama and Yoshihiro Takada",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"815",type:"chapter",title:"Developments on an Affordable Robotic System for Humanitarian Demining",slug:"developments_on_an_affordable_robotic_system_for_humanitarian_demining",totalDownloads:2493,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Pedro Santana, Luis Correia and Jose Barata",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"816",type:"chapter",title:"Some Robotic Approaches and Technologies for Humanitarian Demining",slug:"some_robotic_approaches_and_technologies_for_humanitarian_demining",totalDownloads:2334,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Stefan Havlik",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"817",type:"chapter",title:"Land Robotic Vehicles for Demining",slug:"land_robotic_vehicles_for_demining",totalDownloads:3305,totalCrossrefCites:9,signatures:"Stefan Havlik",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"818",type:"chapter",title:"PEACE: An Excavation-Type Demining Robot for Anti-Personnel Mines",slug:"peace__an_excavation-type_demining_robot_for_anti-personnel_mines",totalDownloads:1895,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Yoshikazu Mori",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"819",type:"chapter",title:"A Human-Animal-Robot Cooperative System for Anti-Personal Mine Detection",slug:"a_human-animal-robot_cooperative_system_for_anti-personal_mine_detection",totalDownloads:3079,totalCrossrefCites:4,signatures:"Thrishantha Nanayakkara, Tharindu Dissanayake, Prasanna Mahipala and K. A. Gayan Sanjaya",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"820",type:"chapter",title:"Power Tillers for Demining in Sri Lanka: Participatory Design of Low-cost Technology",slug:"power_tillers_for_demining_in_sri_lanka__participatory_design_of_low-cost_technology",totalDownloads:3993,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Emanuela Elisa Cepolina",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"3599",title:"Bioinspiration and Robotics",subtitle:"Walking and Climbing Robots",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"bioinspiration_and_robotics_walking_and_climbing_robots",bookSignature:"Maki K. Habib",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3599.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"80821",title:"Dr.",name:"Maki K.",surname:"Habib",slug:"maki-k.-habib",fullName:"Maki K. Habib"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"437",title:"Parametrically Excited Dynamic Bipedal Walking",slug:"parametrically_excited_dynamic_bipedal_walking",signatures:"Fumihiko Asano and Zhi-Wei Luo",authors:[null]},{id:"438",title:"Locomotion of an Underactuated Biped Robot Using a Tail",slug:"locomotion_of_an_underactuated_biped_robot_using_a_tail",signatures:"Fernando Juan Berenguer and Felix Monasterio-Huelin",authors:[null]},{id:"439",title:"Reduced DOF Type Walking Robot Based on Closed Link Mechanism",slug:"reduced_dof_type_walking_robot_based_on_closed_link_mechanism",signatures:"Katsuhiko Inagaki",authors:[null]},{id:"440",title:"Posture and Vibration Control Based on Virtual Suspension Model for Multi-Legged Walking Robot",slug:"posture_and_vibration_control_based_on_virtual_suspension_model_for_multi-legged_walking_robot",signatures:"Qingjiu Huang",authors:[null]},{id:"441",title:"Research on Hexapod Walking Bio-Robot's Workspace and Flexibility",slug:"research_on_hexapod_walking_bio-robot-s_workspace_and_flexibility",signatures:"Baoling Han, Qingsheng Luo, Xiaochuan Zhao and Qiuli Wang",authors:[null]},{id:"442",title:"A Designing Method of the Passive Dynamic Walking Robot via Analogy with Phase Locked Loop Circuits",slug:"a_designing_method_of_the_passive_dynamic_walking_robot_via_analogy_with_phase_locked_loop_circuits",signatures:"Masatsugu Iribe and Koichi Osuka",authors:[null]},{id:"443",title:"Theoretical Investigations of the Control Movement of the CLAWAR at Statically Unstable Regimes",slug:"theoretical_investigations_of_the_control_movement_of_the_clawar_at_statically_unstable_regimes",signatures:"Alexander Gorobtsov",authors:[null]},{id:"444",title:"Selection of Obstacle Avoidance Behaviors Based on Visual and Ultrasonic Sensors for Quadruped Robots",slug:"selection_of_obstacle_avoidance_behaviors_based_on_visual_and_ultrasonic_sensors_for_quadruped_robot",signatures:"Kiyotaka Izumi, Ryoichi Sato, Keigo Watanabe and Maki K. Habib",authors:[null]},{id:"445",title:"Climbing Service Robots for Improving Safety in Building Maintenance Industry",slug:"climbing_service_robots_for_improving_safety_in_building_maintenance_industry",signatures:"Bing L. Luk, Louis K. P. Liu and Arthur A. Collie",authors:[null]},{id:"446",title:"Gait Programming for Multi-Legged Robot Climbing on Walls and Ceilings",slug:"gait_programming_for_multi-legged_robot_climbing_on_walls_and_ceilings",signatures:"Jinwu Qian, Zhen Zhang and Li Ma",authors:[null]},{id:"447",title:"Armless Climbing and Walking in Robotics",slug:"armless_climbing_and_walking_in_robotics",signatures:"Maki K. Rashid",authors:[null]},{id:"448",title:"A Reference Control Architecture for Service Robots as applied to a Climbing Vehicle",slug:"a_reference_control_architecture_for_service_robots_as_applied_to_a_climbing_vehicle",signatures:"Francisco Ortiz, Diego Alonso, Juan Pastor, Barbara Alvarez and Andres Iborra",authors:[null]},{id:"449",title:"Climbing with Parallel Robots",slug:"climbing_with_parallel_robots",signatures:"R. Saltaren, R. Aracil, O. Reinoso and E. Yime",authors:[null]},{id:"450",title:"Gait Synthesis in Legged Robot Locomotion Using a CPG-Based Model",slug:"gait_synthesis_in_legged_robot_locomotion_using_a_cpg-based_model",signatures:"J. Cappelletto, P. Estévez, J. C. Grieco and W. Medina-Meléndez and G. Fernández-López",authors:[null]},{id:"451",title:"Basic Concepts of the Control and Learning Mechanism of Locomotion by the Central Pattern Generator",slug:"basic_concepts_of_the_control_and_learning_mechanism_of_locomotion_by_the_central_pattern_generator",signatures:"Jun Nishii and Tomoko Hioki",authors:[null]},{id:"452",title:"Space Exploration - towards Bio-Inspired Climbing Robots",slug:"space_exploration_-_towards_bio-inspired_climbing_robots",signatures:"Carlo Menon, Michael Murphy, Metin Sitti and Nicholas Lan",authors:[null]},{id:"453",title:"Biologically Inspired Robots",slug:"biologically_inspired_robots",signatures:"Fred Delcomyn",authors:[null]},{id:"454",title:"Study on Locomotion of a Crawling Robot for Adaptation to the Environment",slug:"study_on_locomotion_of_a_crawling_robot_for_adaptation_to_the_environment",signatures:"Li Chen, Yuechao Wang, Bin Li, Shugen Ma and Dengping Duan",authors:[null]},{id:"455",title:"Multiple Sensor Fusion and Motion Control of Snake Robot Based on Soft-Computing",slug:"multiple_sensor_fusion_and_motion_control_of_snake_robot_based_on_soft-computing",signatures:"Woo-Kyung Choi, Seong-Joo Kim and Hong-Tae Jeon",authors:[null]},{id:"456",title:"Evolutionary Strategies Combined With Novel Binary Hill Climbing Used for Online Walking Pattern Generation in Two Legged Robot",slug:"evolutionary_strategies_combined_with_novel_binary_hill_climbing_used_for_online_walking_pattern_gen",signatures:"Lena Mariann Garder and Mats Hovin",authors:[null]},{id:"457",title:"A Multitasking Surface Exploration Rover System",slug:"a_multitasking_surface_exploration_rover_system",signatures:"Antonios K. Bouloubasis and Gerard T. McKee",authors:[null]},{id:"458",title:"Collective Displacement of Modular Robots Using Self-Reconfiguration",slug:"collective_displacement_of_modular_robots_using_self-reconfiguration",signatures:"Carrillo Elian and Dominique Duhaut",authors:[null]},{id:"459",title:"In-pipe Robot with Active Steering Capability for Moving Inside of Pipelines",slug:"in-pipe_robot_with_active_steering_capability_for_moving_inside_of_pipelines",signatures:"Hyouk Ryeol Choi and Se-gon Roh",authors:[null]},{id:"460",title:"Locomotion Principles of 1D Topology Pitch and Pitch-Yaw-Connecting Modular Robots",slug:"locomotion_principles_of_1d_topology_pitch_and_pitch-yaw-connecting_modular_robots",signatures:"Juan Gonzalez-Gomez, Houxiang Zhang and Eduardo Boemo",authors:[null]},{id:"461",title:"Mechanical Design of Step-Climbing Vehicle with Passive Linkages",slug:"mechanical_design_of_step-climbing_vehicle_with_passive_linkages",signatures:"Daisuke Chugo, Kuniaki Kawabata, Hayato Kaetsu, Hajime Asama and Taketoshi Mishima",authors:[null]},{id:"462",title:"Climbing Robots",slug:"climbing_robots",signatures:"Majid M. Moghadam and Mojtaba Ahmadi",authors:[null]},{id:"463",title:"Mechanical and Kinematics Design Methodology of a New Wheelchair with Additional Capabilities",slug:"mechanical_and_kinematics_design_methodology_of_a_new_wheelchair_with_additional_capabilities",signatures:"R. Morales, A. Gonzalez and V. Feliu",authors:[null]},{id:"464",title:"Pneumatic Actuators for Climbing, Walking and Serpentine Robots",slug:"pneumatic_actuators_for_climbing__walking_and_serpentine_robots",signatures:"Grzegorz Granosik",authors:[null]},{id:"465",title:"Omnidirectional Mobile Robot - Design and Implementation",slug:"omnidirectional_mobile_robot_-__design_and_implementation",signatures:"Ioan Doroftei, Victor Grosu and Veaceslav Spinu",authors:[null]},{id:"466",title:"On the Use of a Hexapod Table to Improve Tumour Targeting in Radiation Therapy",slug:"on_the_use_of_a_hexapod_table_to_improve_tumour_targeting_in_radiation_therapy",signatures:"Juergen Meyer, Matthias Guckenberger, Juergen Wilbert and Kurt Baier",authors:[null]}]}],publishedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"3598",title:"Humanitarian Demining",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"humanitarian_demining",bookSignature:"Maki K. Habib",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3598.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"80821",title:"Dr.",name:"Maki K.",surname:"Habib",slug:"maki-k.-habib",fullName:"Maki K. Habib"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3604",title:"Recent Advances in Multi Robot Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"recent_advances_in_multi_robot_systems",bookSignature:"Aleksandar Lazinica",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3604.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"12392",title:"Mr.",name:"Alex",surname:"Lazinica",slug:"alex-lazinica",fullName:"Alex Lazinica"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],publishedBooksByAuthor:[]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"79719",title:"Effect of Insecticides on Natural-Enemies",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100616",slug:"effect-of-insecticides-on-natural-enemies",body:'Pesticides management options for control of invertebrate pests in many parts of the world [1, 2]. Despite an increase in the use of pesticides, crop losses due to pests have remained largely unchanged for 30–40 years [3]. Beyond the target pests, broad-spectrum pesticides may affect non-target invertebrate species [4], including causing reductions in natural enemy population abundance and activity [5, 6], and competition between pest species [7]. Assays of invertebrates against weathered residues have shown the persistence of pesticides might play an important part in their negative impacts on natural enemies in the field [8].
A potential outcome of frequent broad-spectrum pesticide use is the emergence of pests not controlled by the pesticides but benefiting from reduced mortality from natural enemies and competitive release, commonly known as secondary pests [9, 10, 11]. Secondary pest outbreaks are challenging as they may also be caused by other mechanisms, which inherently make it difficult to determine how frequently pesticide use results in this outcome [10]. In cotton fields, it was estimated that 20% of late-season pesticide costs were attributable to secondary pest outbreaks caused by early-season pesticide applications for
One standardized approach for assessing non-target impacts of pesticides is the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control—Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms (IOBC) rating system [12, 13, 14]. Subsequently, more bioassays under field conditions are needed to incorporate the dynamic interaction between pest populations and their natural enemy communities [15] and the environmental context at the time of application [16, 17, 18].
In Australian broad-acre grains the pest management practitioners are primarily concerned with pesticide efficacy, crop phytotoxicity, and cost; seldom are broader impacts of pesticides included in decision-making [19, 20, 21]. Chlorpyrifos is applied for the control of pests such as earwigs, isopods, and millipedes (Portuguese millipede,
The indirect effects of pesticides on natural enemies have not been studied as extensively compared to direct effects, this chapter presents the indirect effects of pesticides that have primarily involved evaluating fecundity and longevity [25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35].
Prey consumption is the most important to successfully integrating natural enemies with pesticides and prevents indirect consequences on population dynamics [36, 37].
Some factors affiliated with natural enemies that may influence the indirect effects of pesticides include natural enemy age, type of natural enemy, life stages exposed to pesticides, and sex [38, 39]. Indirect affect may be related to residues remaining after a foliar application [40, 41]. Residues remaining after application may indirectly affect parasitoids by inhibiting adult emergence [42].
Natural enemies, indirectly affected by feeding on contaminated honeydew excreted by phloem-feeding insect prey [43, 44]. Certain pesticides may also exhibit repellent activity [45, 46] or alter host plant physiology [47, 48] indirectly affecting the ability of natural enemies to regulate existing arthropod pest populations [49].
Applied as granules have been promoted to be relatively non-toxic to natural enemies [49, 50, 51]. However, insecticides as systemic effect exhibit indirect effects against natural enemies via several mechanisms of prey floral parts contaminated with the active ingredients [52, 53, 54]. Systemic insecticides may indirectly influence natural enemies if the mortality of prey populations is high [55, 56].
Natural enemies decrease the populations during starvation or dispersal [55, 57, 58, 59]. This effect depends on the foraging efficiency of the specific natural enemy. Decrease quantity or density of available prey or decrease their quality such that they are not acceptable as a food source, indirectly affected on larvae and adults or female parasitoids not lay eggs. Reproduction, foraging, fecundity, and longevity [33].
The active ingredient of systemic insecticide is distributed into flower parts indirectly impact natural enemies that feed on plant pollen or nectar such as minute pirate bug,
Insect growth regulators are active directly on immature stages of some insect pests, there are three types of insect growth regulators: juvenile hormone mimics, chitin synthesis inhibitors, and ecdysone antagonists [64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69].
Pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone mimic is not indirect harmful effects against adult female oviposition and egg viability of green lacewing,
Fifth instars of
Kinoprene is indirectly harmful against natural enemies by inhibiting adult emergence of,
It is a juvenile hormone analog [80, 81] that has shown to be indirectly harmful to some natural enemies. It is delay development time from of pupae and adult of
It is a growth regulator that disrupts molting, it is affecting cuticle sclerotization during increasing cuticle stiffness [65], and exhibits indirect effects on the reproduction of
It is a chitin synthesis inhibitor [65], less indirect impact against natural enemies, both parasitoids and predators [87].
Exposure to it decreased female longevity and reduced the parasitization rate of,
It is a chitin synthesis inhibitor [66, 90], sterilizes certain natural enemies [91], reduces the number of progeny per female and sex ratios [73]. Feeding on it decreases female fertility and fecundity, and sterilized the males of the predatory coccinellid,
Indirect effects on natural enemies due to the volatility of the compound as it is known to be volatile and display vapor activity on some insect pests [98].
It is an ecdysone antagonist [72, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101], indirect effects against natural enemies [102]. It inhibits oviposition of the green lacewing,
First larvae of
It is include flonicamid and pymetrozine, inhibits feeding activity of piercing-sucking insects after initial insertion of their stylets into plant tissues and interfere with neural regulation of fluid intake through the mouthparts resulting in starvation [102, 109, 110, 111, 112]. Flonicamid and pymetrozine, did not affect the development time, fertility, and parasitism of natural enemies,
Entomopathogenic fungi and bacteria are, in general, not indirectly harmful to natural enemies, this may vary depending on concentration, natural enemy type, life stage exposed, the timing of application, and environmental conditions [114, 115].
Indirect effect not be associated with entomopathogenic fungi or bacteria [116].
Natural enemies ingest fungal spores during grooming or feeding on contaminated hosts [89]; also, indirect effects depend on the concentration of spores [118]. Entomopathogenic fungi indirectly affect some natural enemies during feeding on prey that have been sprayed. Larvae of,
Spinosad has been demonstrated to be indirectly harmful to a variety of predatory insects such as,
It is like other pesticides, demonstrate variability in regards to any indirect effects against natural enemies depending on the type of miticide and predatory mite species [127]. It did not affect
Exposure to bifenazate did not reduce fecundity, longevity, or prey consumption of
It is considered low harmful to natural enemies comparing with insecticides and miticides [134]. Mancozeb was negatively affected against fecundity and reproduction of,
The methodology evaluates the indirect effects of pesticides on natural enemies that may influence the results obtained [136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144]. The indirect effects of pesticides against natural enemies not necessarily are affiliated with the active ingredient [136, [141, 142, 143, 144]. It is can be formulations as emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and soluble powders (SP) contain additives as adjuvants, surfactants, solvents, or carriers that are indirectly harmful to natural enemies [145].
This chapter has demonstrated the feasibility of combining or integrating natural enemies with certain pesticides including systemic insecticides, insect growth regulators, selective feeding blockers, microbials, miticides, and fungicides. There are three primary means by which natural enemies integrated with pesticides including pesticide selection, spatial separation of natural enemies and pesticides, and temporal discontinuity between natural enemies and pesticides [114]. Indirect effects are evaluated to determine if pesticides are compatible with natural enemies [29]. Indirect effects depending on concentration, natural enemy species, pesticide exposure time, developmental life stage(s) evaluated, and the influence of residues and repellency [50].
If you are associated with any of the institutions in our list below, you can apply to receive OA publication funds by following the instructions provided in the links.
",metaTitle:"List of Institutions by Country",metaDescription:"If you are associated with any of the institutions in our list below, you can apply to receive OA publication funds by following the instructions provided in the links. However, if your research is financed through any of the below-mentioned funders, please consult their Open Access policies or grant ‘terms and conditions’ to explore ways to cover your publication costs (also accessible by clicking on the link in their title).",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"open-access-funding-institutions-list",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"Book Chapters and Monographs
\\n\\nBook Chapters
\\n\\nMonographs Only
\\n\\n\\n\\nBook Chapters and Monographs
\\n\\nMonographs Only
\\n\\nBook Chapters and Monographs
\\n\\n\\n\\nBook Chapters and Monographs
\\n\\n\\n\\nCorresponding authors will receive a 25% discount on their Open Access Publication Fees (OAPF) for Open Access book chapters. A 20% discount for publishing a long-form monographs, 25% for compacts and 23% for short-form monographs.
\\n\\nCSIC affiliated authors can also take advantage of a central Open Access fund (amounting to 10,000 EUR) to cover up to 50% of the rest of the OAPF until it expires. Effective for chapters accepted from January 1, 2020.
\\n\\nCorresponding authors will receive a 25% discount on their Open Access Publication Fees (OAPF) for Open Access book chapters. A 20% discount for publishing a long-form monographs, 25% for compacts and 23% for short-form monographs.
\\n\\nCorresponding authors will receive a 25% discount on their Open Access Publication Fees (OAPF) for Open Access book chapters. A 20% discount for publishing a long-form monographs, 25% for compacts and 23% for short-form monographs.
\\n\\n\\n\\nCorresponding authors will receive a 25% discount on their Open Access Publication Fees (OAPF) for Open Access book chapters. A 20% discount for publishing a long-form monographs, 25% for compacts and 23% for short-form monographs.
\\n\\nBook Chapters and Monographs
\\n\\nBook Chapters and Monographs
\\n\\nBook Chapters and Monographs
\\n\\nBook Chapters and Monographs
\\n\\nThe Claremont Colleges are pledging funds via the Knowledge Unlatched program to ensure academics can publish Open Access content more easily.
\\n\\nCorresponding authors will receive a 15% discount on their Open Access Publication Fees (OAPF) for Open Access book chapters or monograph publications. To use the discount you will need to verify your institutional email address. These discounts are valid from 2020 to 2022.
\\n\\nThe University of Massachusetts, Amherst is pledging funds via the Knowledge Unlatched program to ensure academics can publish Open Access content more easily.
\\n\\nCorresponding authors will receive a 10% discount on their Open Access Publication Fees (OAPF) for Open Access book chapters or monograph publications. To use the discount you will need to verify your institutional email address. These discounts are valid from 2020 to 2022.
\\n\\nThe University of Surrey is pledging funds via the Knowledge Unlatched program to ensure academics can publish Open Access content more easily.
\\n\\nCorresponding authors will receive a 10% discount on their Open Access Publication Fees (OAPF) for Open Access book chapters or monograph publications. To use the discount you will need to verify your institutional email address. These discounts are valid from 2020 to 2022.
\\n\\nMonographs Only
\\n\\n\\n\\nImportant: You must be a member or grantee of the above listed institutions in order to apply for their Open Access publication funds.
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'Book Chapters and Monographs
\n\n\n\nBook Chapters
\n\nMonographs Only
\n\n\n\nBook Chapters and Monographs
\n\nMonographs Only
\n\nBook Chapters and Monographs
\n\n\n\nBook Chapters and Monographs
\n\n\n\nCorresponding authors will receive a 25% discount on their Open Access Publication Fees (OAPF) for Open Access book chapters. A 20% discount for publishing a long-form monographs, 25% for compacts and 23% for short-form monographs.
\n\nCSIC affiliated authors can also take advantage of a central Open Access fund (amounting to 10,000 EUR) to cover up to 50% of the rest of the OAPF until it expires. Effective for chapters accepted from January 1, 2020.
\n\nCorresponding authors will receive a 25% discount on their Open Access Publication Fees (OAPF) for Open Access book chapters. A 20% discount for publishing a long-form monographs, 25% for compacts and 23% for short-form monographs.
\n\nCorresponding authors will receive a 25% discount on their Open Access Publication Fees (OAPF) for Open Access book chapters. A 20% discount for publishing a long-form monographs, 25% for compacts and 23% for short-form monographs.
\n\n\n\nCorresponding authors will receive a 25% discount on their Open Access Publication Fees (OAPF) for Open Access book chapters. A 20% discount for publishing a long-form monographs, 25% for compacts and 23% for short-form monographs.
\n\nBook Chapters and Monographs
\n\nBook Chapters and Monographs
\n\nBook Chapters and Monographs
\n\n\n\nBook Chapters and Monographs
\n\nThe Claremont Colleges are pledging funds via the Knowledge Unlatched program to ensure academics can publish Open Access content more easily.
\n\nCorresponding authors will receive a 15% discount on their Open Access Publication Fees (OAPF) for Open Access book chapters or monograph publications. To use the discount you will need to verify your institutional email address. These discounts are valid from 2020 to 2022.
\n\nThe University of Massachusetts, Amherst is pledging funds via the Knowledge Unlatched program to ensure academics can publish Open Access content more easily.
\n\nCorresponding authors will receive a 10% discount on their Open Access Publication Fees (OAPF) for Open Access book chapters or monograph publications. To use the discount you will need to verify your institutional email address. These discounts are valid from 2020 to 2022.
\n\nThe University of Surrey is pledging funds via the Knowledge Unlatched program to ensure academics can publish Open Access content more easily.
\n\nCorresponding authors will receive a 10% discount on their Open Access Publication Fees (OAPF) for Open Access book chapters or monograph publications. To use the discount you will need to verify your institutional email address. These discounts are valid from 2020 to 2022.
\n\nMonographs Only
\n\n\n\nImportant: You must be a member or grantee of the above listed institutions in order to apply for their Open Access publication funds.
\n'}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{},profiles:[{id:"396",title:"Dr.",name:"Vedran",middleName:null,surname:"Kordic",slug:"vedran-kordic",fullName:"Vedran Kordic",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/396/images/7281_n.png",biography:"After obtaining his Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering he continued his education at the Vienna University of Technology where he obtained his PhD degree in 2004. He worked as a researcher at the Automation and Control Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology until 2008. His studies in robotics lead him not only to a PhD degree but also inspired him to co-found and build the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems - world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"441",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Jaekyu",middleName:null,surname:"Park",slug:"jaekyu-park",fullName:"Jaekyu Park",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/441/images/1881_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"LG Corporation (South Korea)",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"465",title:"Dr",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Martens",slug:"christian-martens",fullName:"Christian Martens",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"479",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",middleName:null,surname:"Colla",slug:"valentina-colla",fullName:"Valentina Colla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/479/images/358_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies",country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"494",title:"PhD",name:"Loris",middleName:null,surname:"Nanni",slug:"loris-nanni",fullName:"Loris Nanni",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/494/images/system/494.jpg",biography:"Loris Nanni received his Master Degree cum laude on June-2002 from the University of Bologna, and the April 26th 2006 he received his Ph.D. in Computer Engineering at DEIS, University of Bologna. On September, 29th 2006 he has won a post PhD fellowship from the university of Bologna (from October 2006 to October 2008), at the competitive examination he was ranked first in the industrial engineering area. He extensively served as referee for several international journals. He is author/coauthor of more than 100 research papers. He has been involved in some projects supported by MURST and European Community. His research interests include pattern recognition, bioinformatics, and biometric systems (fingerprint classification and recognition, signature verification, face recognition).",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"496",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Leon",slug:"carlos-leon",fullName:"Carlos Leon",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Seville",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"512",title:"Dr.",name:"Dayang",middleName:null,surname:"Jawawi",slug:"dayang-jawawi",fullName:"Dayang Jawawi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Technology Malaysia",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"528",title:"Dr.",name:"Kresimir",middleName:null,surname:"Delac",slug:"kresimir-delac",fullName:"Kresimir Delac",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/528/images/system/528.jpg",biography:"K. Delac received his B.Sc.E.E. degree in 2003 and is currentlypursuing a Ph.D. degree at the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering andComputing. His current research interests are digital image analysis, pattern recognition andbiometrics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Zagreb",country:{name:"Croatia"}}},{id:"557",title:"Dr.",name:"Andon",middleName:"Venelinov",surname:"Topalov",slug:"andon-topalov",fullName:"Andon Topalov",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/557/images/1927_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Andon V. Topalov received the MSc degree in Control Engineering from the Faculty of Information Systems, Technologies, and Automation at Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGGU) in 1979. He then received his PhD degree in Control Engineering from the Department of Automation and Remote Control at Moscow State Mining University (MGSU), Moscow, in 1984. From 1985 to 1986, he was a Research Fellow in the Research Institute for Electronic Equipment, ZZU AD, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. In 1986, he joined the Department of Control Systems, Technical University of Sofia at the Plovdiv campus, where he is presently a Full Professor. He has held long-term visiting Professor/Scholar positions at various institutions in South Korea, Turkey, Mexico, Greece, Belgium, UK, and Germany. And he has coauthored one book and authored or coauthored more than 80 research papers in conference proceedings and journals. His current research interests are in the fields of intelligent control and robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Technical University of Sofia",country:{name:"Bulgaria"}}},{id:"585",title:"Prof.",name:"Munir",middleName:null,surname:"Merdan",slug:"munir-merdan",fullName:"Munir Merdan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/585/images/system/585.jpg",biography:"Munir Merdan received the M.Sc. degree in mechanical engineering from the Technical University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, in 2009.Since 2005, he has been at the Automation and Control Institute, Vienna University of Technology, where he is currently a Senior Researcher. His research interests include the application of agent technology for achieving agile control in the manufacturing environment.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"605",title:"Prof",name:"Dil",middleName:null,surname:"Hussain",slug:"dil-hussain",fullName:"Dil Hussain",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/605/images/system/605.jpg",biography:"Dr. Dil Muhammad Akbar Hussain is a professor of Electronics Engineering & Computer Science at the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University Denmark. Professor Akbar has a Master degree in Digital Electronics from Govt. College University, Lahore Pakistan and a P-hD degree in Control Engineering from the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Sussex United Kingdom. Aalborg University has Two Satellite Campuses, one in Copenhagen (Aalborg University Copenhagen) and the other in Esbjerg (Aalborg University Esbjerg).\n· He is a member of prestigious IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and IAENG (International Association of Engineers) organizations. \n· He is the chief Editor of the Journal of Software Engineering.\n· He is the member of the Editorial Board of International Journal of Computer Science and Software Technology (IJCSST) and International Journal of Computer Engineering and Information Technology. \n· He is also the Editor of Communication in Computer and Information Science CCIS-20 by Springer.\n· Reviewer For Many Conferences\nHe is the lead person in making collaboration agreements between Aalborg University and many universities of Pakistan, for which the MOU’s (Memorandum of Understanding) have been signed.\nProfessor Akbar is working in Academia since 1990, he started his career as a Lab demonstrator/TA at the University of Sussex. After finishing his P. hD degree in 1992, he served in the Industry as a Scientific Officer and continued his academic career as a visiting scholar for a number of educational institutions. In 1996 he joined National University of Science & Technology Pakistan (NUST) as an Associate Professor; NUST is one of the top few universities in Pakistan. In 1999 he joined an International Company Lineo Inc, Canada as Manager Compiler Group, where he headed the group for developing Compiler Tool Chain and Porting of Operating Systems for the BLACKfin processor. The processor development was a joint venture by Intel and Analog Devices. In 2002 Lineo Inc., was taken over by another company, so he joined Aalborg University Denmark as an Assistant Professor.\nProfessor Akbar has truly a multi-disciplined career and he continued his legacy and making progress in many areas of his interests both in teaching and research. He has contributed in stochastic estimation of control area especially, in the Multiple Target Tracking and Interactive Multiple Model (IMM) research, Ball & Beam Control Problem, Robotics, Levitation Control. He has contributed in developing Algorithms for Fingerprint Matching, Computer Vision and Face Recognition. He has been supervising Pattern Recognition, Formal Languages and Distributed Processing projects for several years. He has reviewed many books on Management, Computer Science. Currently, he is an active and permanent reviewer for many international conferences and symposia and the program committee member for many international conferences.\nIn teaching he has taught the core computer science subjects like, Digital Design, Real Time Embedded System Programming, Operating Systems, Software Engineering, Data Structures, Databases, Compiler Construction. In the Engineering side, Digital Signal Processing, Computer Architecture, Electronics Devices, Digital Filtering and Engineering Management.\nApart from his Academic Interest and activities he loves sport especially, Cricket, Football, Snooker and Squash. He plays cricket for Esbjerg city in the second division team as an opener wicket keeper batsman. He is a very good player of squash but has not played squash since his arrival in Denmark.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"611",title:"Prof.",name:"T",middleName:null,surname:"Nagarajan",slug:"t-nagarajan",fullName:"T Nagarajan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Teknologi Petronas",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:6654},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:5945},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:2452},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:12681},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:1014},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:17701}],offset:12,limit:12,total:133951},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{hasNoEditors:"1",sort:"dateEndThirdStepPublish",src:"ECM",topicId:"8,9,10,11,14,15,17,20,22,24"},books:[{type:"book",id:"11837",title:"Ecology and Geography of the Mediterranean",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"bbb25987a982d61da4f47fb13614ba3c",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11837.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11858",title:"Terahertz Radiation",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"f08ee0bf20cd8b5fa772b4752081f2fe",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11858.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11938",title:"Ballistics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"9c64ef67aac55216f08c65a2a179835c",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11938.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11942",title:"Updates on Spatial Audio",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"f4ac095defb765e0e9bfebc06dac719e",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11942.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11915",title:"Ontology in Information Science",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"b52397215f6b5e05a22368f629695704",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11915.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12071",title:"Massive Open Online Courses",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"f4918898cbe91bb691a397bbde7138b1",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12071.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12062",title:"Public Transportation",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"c045089da37d46be1ee7e5e74f93cc93",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12062.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12017",title:"Polynomials",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"1912acc4811b724cc0a15dba11f5af79",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12017.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12024",title:"UWB Technology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"6158349f714de7cee2337adf57b2617d",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12024.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12025",title:"Cognitive Radio Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"75b14778d5efbcfe9c1f51d2e31f6aeb",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12025.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12022",title:"Statistical Sampling",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"d95646776d1cb0b10161dc68c9c07781",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12022.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12026",title:"Induction Motor",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"0273a4ffd6bc66faed9db00380771240",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12026.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:30},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:14},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:10},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:24},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:5},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:5},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:83},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:5},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:25},{group:"topic",caption:"Technology",value:24,count:1}],offset:12,limit:12,total:77},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10858",title:"MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses)",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d32f86793bc72dde32532f509b1ec5b0",slug:"mooc-massive-open-online-courses-",bookSignature:"Dragan Cvetković",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10858.jpg",editors:[{id:"101330",title:"Dr.",name:"Dragan",middleName:"Mladen",surname:"Cvetković",slug:"dragan-cvetkovic",fullName:"Dragan Cvetković"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10195",title:"Serotonin and the CNS",subtitle:"New Developments in Pharmacology and Therapeutics",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7ed9d96da98233a885bd2869a8056c36",slug:"serotonin-and-the-cns-new-developments-in-pharmacology-and-therapeutics",bookSignature:"Berend Olivier",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10195.jpg",editors:[{id:"71579",title:"Prof.",name:"Berend",middleName:null,surname:"Olivier",slug:"berend-olivier",fullName:"Berend Olivier"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10755",title:"Corporate Governance",subtitle:"Recent Advances and Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ffe06d1d5c4bf0fc2e63511825fe1257",slug:"corporate-governance-recent-advances-and-perspectives",bookSignature:"Okechukwu Lawrence Emeagwali and Feyza Bhatti",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10755.jpg",editors:[{id:"196317",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Okechukwu Lawrence",middleName:null,surname:"Emeagwali",slug:"okechukwu-lawrence-emeagwali",fullName:"Okechukwu Lawrence Emeagwali"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11120",title:"Environmental Impact and Remediation of Heavy Metals",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9e77514288e7394f1e6cd13481af3509",slug:"environmental-impact-and-remediation-of-heavy-metals",bookSignature:"Hosam M. Saleh and Amal I. Hassan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11120.jpg",editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam M.",middleName:null,surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-m.-saleh",fullName:"Hosam M. Saleh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10901",title:"Grapes and Wine",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5d7f2aa74874444bc6986e613ccebd7c",slug:"grapes-and-wine",bookSignature:"Antonio Morata, Iris Loira and Carmen González",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10901.jpg",editors:[{id:"180952",title:"Prof.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Morata",slug:"antonio-morata",fullName:"Antonio Morata"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11080",title:"Engineering Principles",subtitle:"Welding and Residual Stresses",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6c07a13a113bce94174b40096f30fb5e",slug:"engineering-principles-welding-and-residual-stresses",bookSignature:"Kavian Omar Cooke and Ronaldo Câmara Cozza",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11080.jpg",editors:[{id:"138778",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavian",middleName:"Omar",surname:"Cooke",slug:"kavian-cooke",fullName:"Kavian Cooke"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11332",title:"Essential Oils",subtitle:"Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"742e6cae3a35686f975edc8d7f9afa94",slug:"essential-oils-advances-in-extractions-and-biological-applications",bookSignature:"Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira and Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",editors:[{id:"195290",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Mozaniel",middleName:null,surname:"Santana De Oliveira",slug:"mozaniel-santana-de-oliveira",fullName:"Mozaniel Santana De Oliveira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11029",title:"Hepatitis B",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"609701f502efc3538c112ff47a2c2119",slug:"hepatitis-b",bookSignature:"Luis Rodrigo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11029.jpg",editors:[{id:"73208",title:"Prof.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Rodrigo",slug:"luis-rodrigo",fullName:"Luis Rodrigo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9537",title:"Human Rights in the Contemporary World",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"54f05b93812fd434f3962956d6413a6b",slug:"human-rights-in-the-contemporary-world",bookSignature:"Trudy Corrigan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9537.jpg",editors:[{id:"197557",title:"Dr.",name:"Trudy",middleName:null,surname:"Corrigan",slug:"trudy-corrigan",fullName:"Trudy Corrigan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11371",title:"Cerebral Circulation",subtitle:"Updates on Models, Diagnostics and Treatments of Related Diseases",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e2d3335445d2852d0b906bb9750e939f",slug:"cerebral-circulation-updates-on-models-diagnostics-and-treatments-of-related-diseases",bookSignature:"Alba Scerrati, Luca Ricciardi and Flavia Dones",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11371.jpg",editors:[{id:"182614",title:"Dr.",name:"Alba",middleName:null,surname:"Scerrati",slug:"alba-scerrati",fullName:"Alba Scerrati"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11012",title:"Radiopharmaceuticals",subtitle:"Current Research for Better Diagnosis and Therapy",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f9046d6f96148b285e776f384991120d",slug:"radiopharmaceuticals-current-research-for-better-diagnosis-and-therapy",bookSignature:"Farid A. Badria",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11012.jpg",editors:[{id:"41865",title:"Prof.",name:"Farid A.",middleName:null,surname:"Badria",slug:"farid-a.-badria",fullName:"Farid A. Badria"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9974",title:"E-Learning and Digital Education in the Twenty-First Century",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"88b58d66e975df20425fc1dfd22d53aa",slug:"e-learning-and-digital-education-in-the-twenty-first-century",bookSignature:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9974.jpg",editors:[{id:"94099",title:"Dr.",name:"M. Mahruf C.",middleName:null,surname:"Shohel",slug:"m.-mahruf-c.-shohel",fullName:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:4422},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10858",title:"MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses)",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d32f86793bc72dde32532f509b1ec5b0",slug:"mooc-massive-open-online-courses-",bookSignature:"Dragan Cvetković",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10858.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:1677,editors:[{id:"101330",title:"Dr.",name:"Dragan",middleName:"Mladen",surname:"Cvetković",slug:"dragan-cvetkovic",fullName:"Dragan Cvetković"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10195",title:"Serotonin and the CNS",subtitle:"New Developments in Pharmacology and Therapeutics",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7ed9d96da98233a885bd2869a8056c36",slug:"serotonin-and-the-cns-new-developments-in-pharmacology-and-therapeutics",bookSignature:"Berend Olivier",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10195.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:1337,editors:[{id:"71579",title:"Prof.",name:"Berend",middleName:null,surname:"Olivier",slug:"berend-olivier",fullName:"Berend Olivier"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10755",title:"Corporate Governance",subtitle:"Recent Advances and Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ffe06d1d5c4bf0fc2e63511825fe1257",slug:"corporate-governance-recent-advances-and-perspectives",bookSignature:"Okechukwu Lawrence Emeagwali and Feyza Bhatti",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10755.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:1309,editors:[{id:"196317",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Okechukwu Lawrence",middleName:null,surname:"Emeagwali",slug:"okechukwu-lawrence-emeagwali",fullName:"Okechukwu Lawrence Emeagwali"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11120",title:"Environmental Impact and Remediation of Heavy Metals",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9e77514288e7394f1e6cd13481af3509",slug:"environmental-impact-and-remediation-of-heavy-metals",bookSignature:"Hosam M. Saleh and Amal I. Hassan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11120.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:847,editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam M.",middleName:null,surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-m.-saleh",fullName:"Hosam M. Saleh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10901",title:"Grapes and Wine",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5d7f2aa74874444bc6986e613ccebd7c",slug:"grapes-and-wine",bookSignature:"Antonio Morata, Iris Loira and Carmen González",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10901.jpg",publishedDate:"June 15th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2273,editors:[{id:"180952",title:"Prof.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Morata",slug:"antonio-morata",fullName:"Antonio Morata"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11080",title:"Engineering Principles",subtitle:"Welding and Residual Stresses",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6c07a13a113bce94174b40096f30fb5e",slug:"engineering-principles-welding-and-residual-stresses",bookSignature:"Kavian Omar Cooke and Ronaldo Câmara Cozza",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11080.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:591,editors:[{id:"138778",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavian",middleName:"Omar",surname:"Cooke",slug:"kavian-cooke",fullName:"Kavian Cooke"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11332",title:"Essential Oils",subtitle:"Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"742e6cae3a35686f975edc8d7f9afa94",slug:"essential-oils-advances-in-extractions-and-biological-applications",bookSignature:"Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira and Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:515,editors:[{id:"195290",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Mozaniel",middleName:null,surname:"Santana De Oliveira",slug:"mozaniel-santana-de-oliveira",fullName:"Mozaniel Santana De Oliveira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11029",title:"Hepatitis B",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"609701f502efc3538c112ff47a2c2119",slug:"hepatitis-b",bookSignature:"Luis Rodrigo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11029.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:413,editors:[{id:"73208",title:"Prof.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Rodrigo",slug:"luis-rodrigo",fullName:"Luis Rodrigo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9537",title:"Human Rights in the Contemporary World",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"54f05b93812fd434f3962956d6413a6b",slug:"human-rights-in-the-contemporary-world",bookSignature:"Trudy Corrigan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9537.jpg",publishedDate:"June 8th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2194,editors:[{id:"197557",title:"Dr.",name:"Trudy",middleName:null,surname:"Corrigan",slug:"trudy-corrigan",fullName:"Trudy Corrigan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11371",title:"Cerebral Circulation",subtitle:"Updates on Models, Diagnostics and Treatments of Related Diseases",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e2d3335445d2852d0b906bb9750e939f",slug:"cerebral-circulation-updates-on-models-diagnostics-and-treatments-of-related-diseases",bookSignature:"Alba Scerrati, Luca Ricciardi and Flavia Dones",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11371.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:341,editors:[{id:"182614",title:"Dr.",name:"Alba",middleName:null,surname:"Scerrati",slug:"alba-scerrati",fullName:"Alba Scerrati"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10755",title:"Corporate Governance",subtitle:"Recent Advances and Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ffe06d1d5c4bf0fc2e63511825fe1257",slug:"corporate-governance-recent-advances-and-perspectives",bookSignature:"Okechukwu Lawrence Emeagwali and Feyza Bhatti",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10755.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",editors:[{id:"196317",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Okechukwu Lawrence",middleName:null,surname:"Emeagwali",slug:"okechukwu-lawrence-emeagwali",fullName:"Okechukwu Lawrence Emeagwali"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11029",title:"Hepatitis B",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"609701f502efc3538c112ff47a2c2119",slug:"hepatitis-b",bookSignature:"Luis Rodrigo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11029.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",editors:[{id:"73208",title:"Prof.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Rodrigo",slug:"luis-rodrigo",fullName:"Luis Rodrigo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10774",title:"Model Organisms in Plant Genetics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f6624b58571ac10c9b636c5d85ec5e54",slug:"model-organisms-in-plant-genetics",bookSignature:"Ibrokhim Y. Abdurakhmonov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10774.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",editors:[{id:"213344",title:"Prof.",name:"Ibrokhim Y.",middleName:null,surname:"Abdurakhmonov",slug:"ibrokhim-y.-abdurakhmonov",fullName:"Ibrokhim Y. Abdurakhmonov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11332",title:"Essential Oils",subtitle:"Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"742e6cae3a35686f975edc8d7f9afa94",slug:"essential-oils-advances-in-extractions-and-biological-applications",bookSignature:"Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira and Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",editors:[{id:"195290",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Mozaniel",middleName:null,surname:"Santana De Oliveira",slug:"mozaniel-santana-de-oliveira",fullName:"Mozaniel Santana De Oliveira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11080",title:"Engineering Principles",subtitle:"Welding and Residual Stresses",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6c07a13a113bce94174b40096f30fb5e",slug:"engineering-principles-welding-and-residual-stresses",bookSignature:"Kavian Omar Cooke and Ronaldo Câmara Cozza",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11080.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",editors:[{id:"138778",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavian",middleName:"Omar",surname:"Cooke",slug:"kavian-cooke",fullName:"Kavian Cooke"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10839",title:"Protein Detection",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2f1c0e4e0207fc45c936e7d22a5369c4",slug:"protein-detection",bookSignature:"Yusuf Tutar and Lütfi Tutar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10839.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",editors:[{id:"158492",title:"Prof.",name:"Yusuf",middleName:null,surname:"Tutar",slug:"yusuf-tutar",fullName:"Yusuf Tutar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10858",title:"MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses)",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d32f86793bc72dde32532f509b1ec5b0",slug:"mooc-massive-open-online-courses-",bookSignature:"Dragan Cvetković",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10858.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",editors:[{id:"101330",title:"Dr.",name:"Dragan",middleName:"Mladen",surname:"Cvetković",slug:"dragan-cvetkovic",fullName:"Dragan Cvetković"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11371",title:"Cerebral Circulation",subtitle:"Updates on Models, Diagnostics and Treatments of Related Diseases",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e2d3335445d2852d0b906bb9750e939f",slug:"cerebral-circulation-updates-on-models-diagnostics-and-treatments-of-related-diseases",bookSignature:"Alba Scerrati, Luca Ricciardi and Flavia Dones",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",editors:[{id:"182614",title:"Dr.",name:"Alba",middleName:null,surname:"Scerrati",slug:"alba-scerrati",fullName:"Alba Scerrati"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11120",title:"Environmental Impact and Remediation of Heavy Metals",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9e77514288e7394f1e6cd13481af3509",slug:"environmental-impact-and-remediation-of-heavy-metals",bookSignature:"Hosam M. Saleh and Amal I. Hassan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11120.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam M.",middleName:null,surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-m.-saleh",fullName:"Hosam M. Saleh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10696",title:"Applications of Calorimetry",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8c87f7e2199db33b5dd7181f56973a97",slug:"applications-of-calorimetry",bookSignature:"José Luis Rivera Armenta and Cynthia Graciela Flores Hernández",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10696.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",editors:[{id:"107855",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Rivera Armenta",slug:"jose-luis-rivera-armenta",fullName:"Jose Luis Rivera Armenta"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"1073",title:"Bone & Musculoskeletal Oncology",slug:"bone-and-musculoskeletal-oncology",parent:{id:"190",title:"Oncology",slug:"medicine-oncology"},numberOfBooks:2,numberOfSeries:0,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:77,numberOfWosCitations:31,numberOfCrossrefCitations:17,numberOfDimensionsCitations:42,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicId:"1073",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"759",title:"Osteosarcoma",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2f4f2676183c2de632e44e5d72bcc778",slug:"osteosarcoma",bookSignature:"Manish Agarwal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/759.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58420",title:"Dr.",name:"Manish",middleName:"G",surname:"Agarwal",slug:"manish-agarwal",fullName:"Manish Agarwal"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"647",title:"Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6ed7cea1e96993e2edc66548c29bb436",slug:"chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia",bookSignature:"Pablo Oppezzo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/647.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"68891",title:"Dr.",name:"Pablo",middleName:null,surname:"Oppezzo",slug:"pablo-oppezzo",fullName:"Pablo Oppezzo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:2,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"35171",doi:"10.5772/31431",title:"Histopathology and Molecular Pathology of Bone and Extraskeletal Osteosarcomas",slug:"histopathology-and-molecular-pathology-of-bone-and-extraskeletal-osteosarcomas",totalDownloads:7937,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:7,abstract:null,book:{id:"759",slug:"osteosarcoma",title:"Osteosarcoma",fullTitle:"Osteosarcoma"},signatures:"Helen Trihia and Christos Valavanis",authors:[{id:"87082",title:"Dr.",name:"Helen",middleName:null,surname:"Trihia",slug:"helen-trihia",fullName:"Helen Trihia"},{id:"89731",title:"Dr.",name:"Christos",middleName:null,surname:"Valavanis",slug:"christos-valavanis",fullName:"Christos Valavanis"}]},{id:"35177",doi:"10.5772/32559",title:"The Retinoblastoma Protein in Osteosarcomagenesis",slug:"the-retinoblastoma-protein-in-osteosarcomagenesis",totalDownloads:1772,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:4,abstract:null,book:{id:"759",slug:"osteosarcoma",title:"Osteosarcoma",fullTitle:"Osteosarcoma"},signatures:"Elizabeth Kong and Philip W. Hinds",authors:[{id:"91925",title:"Prof.",name:"Phil",middleName:null,surname:"Hinds",slug:"phil-hinds",fullName:"Phil Hinds"}]},{id:"35175",doi:"10.5772/45627",title:"Limb Salvage for Osteosarcoma: Current Status with a Review of Literature",slug:"limb-salvage-in-osteosarcoma",totalDownloads:7078,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:3,abstract:null,book:{id:"759",slug:"osteosarcoma",title:"Osteosarcoma",fullTitle:"Osteosarcoma"},signatures:"Manish G. Agarwal and Prakash Nayak",authors:[{id:"58420",title:"Dr.",name:"Manish",middleName:"G",surname:"Agarwal",slug:"manish-agarwal",fullName:"Manish Agarwal"},{id:"152571",title:"Dr.",name:"Prakash",middleName:null,surname:"Nayak",slug:"prakash-nayak",fullName:"Prakash Nayak"}]},{id:"27990",doi:"10.5772/27091",title:"Mouse Models of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia",slug:"mouse-models-of-chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia",totalDownloads:4229,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:3,abstract:null,book:{id:"647",slug:"chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia",title:"Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia",fullTitle:"Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia"},signatures:"Gema Pérez-Chacón and Juan M. Zapata",authors:[{id:"68808",title:"Dr.",name:"Juan M",middleName:null,surname:"Zapata",slug:"juan-m-zapata",fullName:"Juan M Zapata"},{id:"122262",title:"Dr.",name:"Gema",middleName:null,surname:"Perez-Chacon",slug:"gema-perez-chacon",fullName:"Gema Perez-Chacon"}]},{id:"27996",doi:"10.5772/28585",title:"Interactions of the Platinum(II) Complexes with Nitrogen- and Sulfur-Bonding Bio-Molecules in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia",slug:"interactions-of-the-platinum-ii-complexes-with-nitrogen-and-sulfur-bonding-bio-molecules-in-chronic-",totalDownloads:4525,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:3,abstract:null,book:{id:"647",slug:"chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia",title:"Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia",fullTitle:"Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia"},signatures:"Jovana Bogojeski, Biljana Petrović and Živadin D. Bugarčić",authors:[{id:"74550",title:"Prof.",name:"Zivadin",middleName:null,surname:"Bugarcic",slug:"zivadin-bugarcic",fullName:"Zivadin Bugarcic"},{id:"80279",title:"Prof.",name:"Biljana",middleName:null,surname:"Petrovic",slug:"biljana-petrovic",fullName:"Biljana Petrovic"},{id:"80281",title:"MSc.",name:"Jovana",middleName:null,surname:"Bogojeski",slug:"jovana-bogojeski",fullName:"Jovana Bogojeski"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"27993",title:"Genetics of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Practical Aspects and Prognostic Significance",slug:"genetics-of-chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia-practical-aspects-and-prognostic-significance",totalDownloads:3404,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:null,book:{id:"647",slug:"chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia",title:"Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia",fullTitle:"Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia"},signatures:"N. Put, I. Wlodarska, P. Vandenberghe and L. Michaux",authors:[{id:"77350",title:"Prof.",name:"Lucienne",middleName:null,surname:"Michaux",slug:"lucienne-michaux",fullName:"Lucienne Michaux"},{id:"79458",title:"Dr.",name:"Natalie",middleName:null,surname:"Put",slug:"natalie-put",fullName:"Natalie Put"},{id:"79459",title:"Prof.",name:"Iwona",middleName:null,surname:"Wlodarska",slug:"iwona-wlodarska",fullName:"Iwona Wlodarska"},{id:"121130",title:"Prof.",name:"Peter",middleName:null,surname:"Vandenberghe",slug:"peter-vandenberghe",fullName:"Peter Vandenberghe"}]},{id:"35172",title:"Imaging Osteosarcoma",slug:"imaging-of-osteosarcoma-review",totalDownloads:7270,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:null,book:{id:"759",slug:"osteosarcoma",title:"Osteosarcoma",fullTitle:"Osteosarcoma"},signatures:"Ali Nawaz Khan, Durr-e-Sabih, Klaus L. Irion, Hamdan AL-Jahdali and Koteyar Shyam Sunder Radha Krishna",authors:[{id:"98597",title:"Prof.",name:"Ali Nawaz",middleName:null,surname:"Khan",slug:"ali-nawaz-khan",fullName:"Ali Nawaz Khan"}]},{id:"35171",title:"Histopathology and Molecular Pathology of Bone and Extraskeletal Osteosarcomas",slug:"histopathology-and-molecular-pathology-of-bone-and-extraskeletal-osteosarcomas",totalDownloads:7937,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:7,abstract:null,book:{id:"759",slug:"osteosarcoma",title:"Osteosarcoma",fullTitle:"Osteosarcoma"},signatures:"Helen Trihia and Christos Valavanis",authors:[{id:"87082",title:"Dr.",name:"Helen",middleName:null,surname:"Trihia",slug:"helen-trihia",fullName:"Helen Trihia"},{id:"89731",title:"Dr.",name:"Christos",middleName:null,surname:"Valavanis",slug:"christos-valavanis",fullName:"Christos Valavanis"}]},{id:"27997",title:"Infectious Diseases and Clinical Complications During Treatment in CLL",slug:"infectious-diseases-and-clinical-complications-during-treatment-in-cll",totalDownloads:2884,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:null,book:{id:"647",slug:"chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia",title:"Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia",fullTitle:"Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia"},signatures:"Farhad Abbasi",authors:[{id:"76934",title:"Dr.",name:"Farhad",middleName:null,surname:"Abbasi",slug:"farhad-abbasi",fullName:"Farhad Abbasi"}]},{id:"35177",title:"The Retinoblastoma Protein in Osteosarcomagenesis",slug:"the-retinoblastoma-protein-in-osteosarcomagenesis",totalDownloads:1772,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:4,abstract:null,book:{id:"759",slug:"osteosarcoma",title:"Osteosarcoma",fullTitle:"Osteosarcoma"},signatures:"Elizabeth Kong and Philip W. Hinds",authors:[{id:"91925",title:"Prof.",name:"Phil",middleName:null,surname:"Hinds",slug:"phil-hinds",fullName:"Phil Hinds"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"1073",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:8,limit:8,total:0},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:89,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:104,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:31,numberOfPublishedChapters:314,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:11,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:141,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:129,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:113,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:105,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:18,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:5,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:14,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}},{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",issn:"2754-6713",scope:"\r\n\tScientists have long researched to understand the environment and man’s place in it. The search for this knowledge grows in importance as rapid increases in population and economic development intensify humans’ stresses on ecosystems. Fortunately, rapid increases in multiple scientific areas are advancing our understanding of environmental sciences. Breakthroughs in computing, molecular biology, ecology, and sustainability science are enhancing our ability to utilize environmental sciences to address real-world problems.
\r\n\tThe four topics of this book series - Pollution; Environmental Resilience and Management; Ecosystems and Biodiversity; and Water Science - will address important areas of advancement in the environmental sciences. They will represent an excellent initial grouping of published works on these critical topics.
\r\n\tSustainable development focuses on linking economic development with environmental protection and social development to ensure future prosperity for people and the planet. To tackle global challenges of development and environment, the United Nations General Assembly in 2015 adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. SDGs emphasize that environmental sustainability should be strongly linked to socio-economic development, which should be decoupled from escalating resource use and environmental degradation for the purpose of reducing environmental stress, enhancing human welfare, and improving regional equity. Moreover, sustainable development seeks a balance between human development and decrease in ecological/environmental marginal benefits. Under the increasing stress of climate change, many environmental problems have emerged causing severe impacts at both global and local scales, driving ecosystem service reduction and biodiversity loss. Humanity’s relationship with resource exploitation and environment protection is a major global concern, as new threats to human and environmental security emerge in the Anthropocene. Currently, the world is facing significant challenges in environmental sustainability to protect global environments and to restore degraded ecosystems, while maintaining human development with regional equality. Thus, environmental sustainability with healthy natural ecosystems is critical to maintaining human prosperity in our warming planet.
",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/94.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!0,hasPublishedBooks:!1,annualVolume:11978,editor:{id:"61855",title:"Dr.",name:"Yixin",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",slug:"yixin-zhang",fullName:"Yixin Zhang",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYWJgQAO/Profile_Picture_2022-06-09T11:36:35.jpg",biography:"Professor Yixin Zhang is an aquatic ecologist with over 30 years of research and teaching experience in three continents (Asia, Europe, and North America) in Stream Ecology, Riparian Ecology, Urban Ecology, and Ecosystem Restoration and Aquatic Conservation, Human-Nature Interactions and Sustainability, Urbanization Impact on Aquatic Ecosystems. He got his Ph.D. in Animal Ecology at Umeå University in Sweden in 1998. He conducted postdoc research in stream ecology at the University of California at Santa Barbara in the USA. After that, he was a postdoc research fellow at the University of British Columbia in Canada to do research on large-scale stream experimental manipulation and watershed ecological survey in temperate rainforests of BC. He was a faculty member at the University of Hong Kong to run ecological research projects on aquatic insects, fishes, and newts in Tropical Asian streams. He also conducted research in streams, rivers, and caves in Texas, USA, to study the ecology of macroinvertebrates, big-claw river shrimp, fish, turtles, and bats. Current research interests include trophic flows across ecosystems; watershed impacts of land-use change on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning; ecological civilization and water resource management; urban ecology and urban/rural sustainable development.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Soochow University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,series:{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",issn:null},editorialBoard:null},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:12,paginationItems:[{id:"82285",title:"Parvovirus Vectors: The Future of Gene Therapy",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105085",signatures:"Megha Gupta",slug:"parvovirus-vectors-the-future-of-gene-therapy",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Recent Advances in Canine Medicine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11580.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"81793",title:"Canine parvovirus-2: An Emerging Threat to Young Pets",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104846",signatures:"Mithilesh Singh, Rajendran Manikandan, Ujjwal Kumar De, Vishal Chander, Babul Rudra Paul, Saravanan Ramakrishnan and Darshini Maramreddy",slug:"canine-parvovirus-2-an-emerging-threat-to-young-pets",totalDownloads:15,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Recent Advances in Canine Medicine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11580.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"81271",title:"The Diversity of Parvovirus Telomeres",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102684",signatures:"Marianne Laugel, Emilie Lecomte, Eduard Ayuso, Oumeya Adjali, Mathieu Mével and Magalie Penaud-Budloo",slug:"the-diversity-of-parvovirus-telomeres",totalDownloads:38,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Recent Advances in Canine Medicine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11580.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"79209",title:"Virtual Physiology: A Tool for the 21st Century",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99671",signatures:"Carmen Nóbrega, Maria Aires Pereira, Catarina Coelho, Isabel Brás, Ana Cristina Mega, Carla Santos, Fernando Esteves, Rita Cruz, Ana I. Faustino-Rocha, Paula A. Oliveira, João Mesquita and Helena Vala",slug:"virtual-physiology-a-tool-for-the-21st-century",totalDownloads:151,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10665.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"78543",title:"Pulmonary Vein: Embryology, Anatomy, Function and Disease",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100051",signatures:"Chan I-Ping and Hsueh Tung",slug:"pulmonary-vein-embryology-anatomy-function-and-disease",totalDownloads:182,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10665.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"78564",title:"Anatomy of the Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta): The Essentials for the Biomedical Researcher",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99067",signatures:"Christophe Casteleyn and Jaco Bakker",slug:"anatomy-of-the-rhesus-monkey-macaca-mulatta-the-essentials-for-the-biomedical-researcher",totalDownloads:345,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10665.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"77999",title:"Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT) Histology and Its Role in Various Pathologies",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99366",signatures:"Tuba Parlak Ak",slug:"bronchus-associated-lymphoid-tissue-balt-histology-and-its-role-in-various-pathologies",totalDownloads:210,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10665.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"78242",title:"Genomic Instability and Cyto-Genotoxic Damage in Animal Species",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99685",signatures:"María Evarista Arellano-García, Olivia Torres-Bugarín, Maritza Roxana García-García, Daniel García-Flores, Yanis Toledano-Magaña, Cinthya Sofia Sanabria-Mora, Sandra Castro-Gamboa and Juan Carlos García-Ramos",slug:"genomic-instability-and-cyto-genotoxic-damage-in-animal-species",totalDownloads:150,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10665.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"78503",title:"Biomechanics of the Canine Elbow Joint",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99569",signatures:"Thomas Rohwedder",slug:"biomechanics-of-the-canine-elbow-joint",totalDownloads:179,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10665.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"78018",title:"Application of Noble Metals in the Advances in Animal Disease Diagnostics",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99162",signatures:"Gabriel Alexis S.P. Tubalinal, Leonard Paulo G. Lucero, Jim Andreus V. Mangahas, Marvin A. Villanueva and Claro N. Mingala",slug:"application-of-noble-metals-in-the-advances-in-animal-disease-diagnostics",totalDownloads:111,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10665.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"77455",title:"Marek’s Disease Is a Threat for Large Scale Poultry Production",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.98939",signatures:"Wojciech Kozdruń, Jowita Samanta Niczyporuk and Natalia Styś-Fijoł",slug:"marek-s-disease-is-a-threat-for-large-scale-poultry-production",totalDownloads:261,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10665.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"74655",title:"Taxon-Specific Pair Bonding in Gibbons (Hylobatidae)",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.95270",signatures:"Thomas Geissmann, Simone Rosenkranz-Weck, Judith J.G.M. Van Der Loo and Mathias Orgeldinger",slug:"taxon-specific-pair-bonding-in-gibbons-hylobatidae",totalDownloads:394,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10665.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}}]},publishedBooks:{paginationCount:1,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"10843",title:"Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)",subtitle:"Monitoring, Impact and Treatment",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10843.jpg",slug:"persistent-organic-pollutants-pops-monitoring-impact-and-treatment",publishedDate:"April 13th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Mohamed Nageeb Rashed",hash:"f5b1589f0a990b6114fef2dadc735dd9",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) - Monitoring, Impact and Treatment",editors:[{id:"63465",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohamed Nageeb",middleName:null,surname:"Rashed",slug:"mohamed-nageeb-rashed",fullName:"Mohamed Nageeb Rashed",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/63465/images/system/63465.gif",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Aswan University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},testimonialsList:[{id:"18",text:"It was great publishing with IntechOpen, the process was straightforward and I had support all along.",author:{id:"71579",name:"Berend",surname:"Olivier",institutionString:"Utrecht University",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/71579/images/system/71579.png",slug:"berend-olivier",institution:{id:"253",name:"Utrecht University",country:{id:null,name:"Netherlands"}}}},{id:"27",text:"The opportunity to work with a prestigious publisher allows for the possibility to collaborate with more research groups interested in animal nutrition, leading to the development of new feeding strategies and food valuation while being more sustainable with the environment, allowing more readers to learn about the subject.",author:{id:"175967",name:"Manuel",surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",institution:{id:"6221",name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",country:{id:null,name:"Mexico"}}}},{id:"8",text:"I work with IntechOpen for a number of reasons: their professionalism, their mission in support of Open Access publishing, and the quality of their peer-reviewed publications, but also because they believe in equality.",author:{id:"202192",name:"Catrin",surname:"Rutland",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",slug:"catrin-rutland",institution:{id:"134",name:"University of Nottingham",country:{id:null,name:"United Kingdom"}}}}]},submityourwork:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:89,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:104,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:31,numberOfPublishedChapters:314,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:11,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:141,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:129,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:113,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:105,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:18,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:5,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:14,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],subseriesList:[{id:"40",title:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity",scope:"\r\n\tThe environment is subject to severe anthropic effects. Among them are those associated with pollution, resource extraction and overexploitation, loss of biodiversity, soil degradation, disorderly land occupation and planning, and many others. These anthropic effects could potentially be caused by any inadequate management of the environment. However, ecosystems have a resilience that makes them react to disturbances which mitigate the negative effects. It is critical to understand how ecosystems, natural and anthropized, including urban environments, respond to actions that have a negative influence and how they are managed. It is also important to establish when the limits marked by the resilience and the breaking point are achieved and when no return is possible. The main focus for the chapters is to cover the subjects such as understanding how the environment resilience works, the mechanisms involved, and how to manage them in order to improve our interactions with the environment and promote the use of adequate management practices such as those outlined in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.
",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/39.jpg",keywords:"Anthropic effects, Overexploitation, Biodiversity loss, Degradation, Inadequate Management, SDGs adequate practices"},{id:"38",title:"Pollution",scope:"\r\n\tPollution is caused by a wide variety of human activities and occurs in diverse forms, for example biological, chemical, et cetera. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to ensure that the environment is clean, that rigorous rules are implemented, and old laws are updated to reduce the risks towards humans and ecosystems. However, rapid industrialization and the need for more cultivable sources or habitable lands, for an increasing population, as well as fewer alternatives for waste disposal, make the pollution control tasks more challenging. Therefore, this topic will focus on assessing and managing environmental pollution. It will cover various subjects, including risk assessment due to the pollution of ecosystems, transport and fate of pollutants, restoration or remediation of polluted matrices, and efforts towards sustainable solutions to minimize environmental pollution.
",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/38.jpg",keywords:"Human activity, Pollutants, Reduced risks, Population growth, Waste disposal, Remediation, Clean environment"},{id:"41",title:"Water Science",scope:"