Performances of preconditioned Krylov subspace iterative methods for DOF 3964.
Abstract
The main objective of this chapter is to introduce a novel memory-dependent derivative (MDD) model based on the boundary element method (BEM) for solving transient three-temperature (3T) nonlinear thermal stress problems in functionally graded anisotropic (FGA) smart structures. The governing equations of the considered study are nonlinear and very difficult if not impossible to solve analytically. Therefore, we develop a new boundary element scheme for solving such equations. The numerical results are presented highlighting the effects of the MDD on the temperatures and nonlinear thermal stress distributions and also the effect of anisotropy on the nonlinear thermal stress distributions in FGA smart structures. The numerical results also verify the validity and accuracy of the proposed methodology. The computing performance of the proposed model has been performed using communication-avoiding Arnoldi procedure. We can conclude that the results of this chapter contribute to increase our understanding on the FGA smart structures. Consequently, the results also contribute to the further development of technological and industrial applications of FGA smart structures of various characteristics.
Keywords
- boundary element method
- memory-dependent derivative
- three-temperature
- nonlinear thermal stresses
- FGA smart structures
1. Introduction
Smart materials, which are also called intelligent materials, are engineered materials that have the ability to respond to the changes that occur around them in a controlled fashion by external stimuli, such as stress, heat, light, ultraviolet, moisture, chemical compounds, mechanical strength, and electric and magnetic fields. We can simply define smart materials as materials which adapt themselves as per required condition. The history of the discovery of these materials dates back to the 1880s when Jacques and Pierre Curie noticed a phenomenon that pressure generates electrification around a number of minerals such as quartz and tourmaline, and this phenomenon is called piezoelectric effect, so the piezoelectric materials are the oldest type of smart materials, which are utilized extensively in the fabrication of various devices such as transducers, sensors, actuators, surface acoustic wave devices, frequency control, etc. There are a lot of smart material types like piezoelectric materials, thermochromic pigments, shape memory alloys, magnetostrictive, shape memory polymers, hydrogels, electroactive polymers and bi-component fibers, etc.
Anisotropic smart structures (ASSs) are getting great attention of researchers due to their applications in textile, aerospace, mass transit, marine, automotive, computers and other electronic industries, consumer goods applications, mechanical and civil engineering, infertility treatment, micropumps, medical equipment applications, ultrasonic micromotors, microvalves and photovoltaics, rotating machinery applications, and much more [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12].
The classical thermoelasticity (CTE) theory of Duhamel [13] and Neumann [14] has two shortcomings based on parabolic heat conduction equation of this theory: the first does not involve any elastic terms, while the second has infinite propagation speeds of thermoelastic waves. In order to overcome the first shortcoming, Biot [15] proposed the classical coupled thermoelasticity (CCTE). But CTE and CCTE have the second shortcoming. So, several generalized thermoelasticity theories have been developed to overcome the second shortcoming of CTE. Among of these theories are Lord and Shulman (LS) [16], Green and Lindsay (GL) [17], and Green and Naghdi [18, 19] theories of thermoelasticity with and without energy dissipation, dual-phase-lag thermoelasticity (DPLTE) [20, 21] and three-phase-lag thermoelasticity (TPLTE) [22]. Although thermoelastic phenomena in the majority of practical applications are adequately modeled with the classical Fourier heat conduction equation, there are an important number of problems that require consideration of nonlinear heat conduction equation. It is appropriate in these cases to apply the nonlinear generalized theory of thermoelasticity; great attention has been paid to investigate the nonlinear generalized thermoelastic problems by using numerical methods [23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34]. Fahmy [35, 36, 37, 38, 39] introduced the mathematical foundations of three-temperature (3T) field to thermoelasticity.
The fractional calculus is the mathematical branch that used to study the theory and applications of derivatives and integrals of arbitrary non-integer order. This branch has emerged in recent years as an effective tool for modeling and simulation of various engineering and industrial applications [40, 41]. Due to the nonlocal nature of fractional order operators, they are useful for describing the memory and hereditary properties of various materials and processes. Also, the fractional calculus has drawn wide attention from the researchers of various countries in recent years due to its applications in solid mechanics, fluid dynamics, viscoelasticity, heat conduction modeling and identification, biology, food engineering, econophysics, biophysics, biochemistry, electrochemistry, electrical engineering, finance and control theory, robotics and control theory, signal and image processing, electronics, electric circuits, wave propagation, nanotechnology, etc. [42, 43, 44].
Several mathematics researchers have contributed to the history of fractional calculus, where Euler mentioned interpolating between integral orders of a derivative in 1730. Then, Laplace defined a fractional derivative by means of an integral in 1812.
Lacroix presented the first formula for the fractional order derivative appeared in 1819, where he introduced the
Liouville supposed that
By using Cauchy’s integral formula for complex valued analytical functions, Laurent defined the integration of arbitrary order
where
Cauchy presented the following fractional order derivative:
In 1967, the Italian mathematician Caputo presented his fractional derivative of order
Diethelm [45] has suggested the Caputo derivative to be in the following form:
where
Wang and Li [46] have introduced a memory-dependent derivative (MDD)
where the first-order
Based on several practical applications, the memory effect needs weight
As a special case
The above equation shows that the common derivative
Now, the boundary element method (BEM) [47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80] is widely adopted for solving several engineering problems due to its easy implementation. In the BEM, only the boundary of the domain needs to be discretized, so it has a major advantage over other methods requiring full domain discretization [81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87] such as finite difference method (FDM), finite element method (FEM), and finite volume method (FVM) in engineering applications. This advantage of BEM over domain methods has significant importance for modeling of nonlinear generalized thermoelastic problems which can be implemented using BEM with little cost and less input data. Previously scientists have proven that FEM covers more engineering applications than BEM which is more efficient for infinite domain problems. But currently BEM scientists have changed their thinking and vision on BEM, where the BEM researchers developed the BEM technique for solving inhomogeneous and nonlinear problems involving infinite and semi-infinite domains by using a lot of software like FastBEM and ExaFMM.
The main objective of this chapter is to introduce a novel memory-dependent derivative model for solving transient three-temperature nonlinear thermal stress problems in functionally graded anisotropic (FGA) smart structures. The governing equations of the considered model are nonlinear and very difficult if not impossible to solve analytically. Therefore, we develop a new efficient boundary element technique for solving such equations. Numerical results show the effects of MDD on the three-temperature distributions and the influence of MDD and anisotropy on the nonlinear thermal stresses of FGA smart structures. Also, numerical results demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed model.
A brief summary of the chapter is as follows: Section 1 introduces the background and provides the readers with the necessary information to books and articles for a better understanding of smart material problems, memory-dependent derivative history, and their applications. Section 2 describes the physical modeling of memory-dependent derivative problems of three-temperature nonlinear thermal stresses in FGA structures. Section 3 outlines the BEM implementation for obtaining the temperature field of the considered problem. Section 4 outlines the BEM implementation for obtaining the dispacement field of the considered problem. Section 5 introduces computing performance of the proposed model. Section 6 presents the new numerical results that describe the effects of memory-dependent derivative and anisotropy on the problem’s field variations. Lastly, Section 7 outlines the significant findings of this chapter.
2. Formulation of the problem
With reference to a Cartesian system
The governing equations for the transient three-temperature nonlinear thermal stresses problems of FGA smart structures with memory-dependent derivatives can be written as [35].
where
where
The two-dimensional three-temperature (2D-3T) radiative heat conduction equations can be expressed as
where
3. BEM solution of temperature field
This section concerns using a boundary element method to solve the temperature model.
The above 2D-3T radiative heat conduction Eqs. (16)-(18) can be expressed in the context of nonlinear thermal stresses of FGA smart structures as in [36].
which can be written in the following form:
where
where
and
where
The total energy can be expressed as
Initial and boundary conditions can be expressed as
By using the fundamental solutions
Now, by implementing the technique of Fahmy [35], we can write (19) as
which can be written in the absence of heat sources as follows:
In order to transform the domain integral in (33) to the boundary, we approximate the temperature time derivative as
where
We assume that
Then, Eq. (33) leads to the following boundary integral equation
where
and
where
By discretizing Eq. (36) and using Eq. (38), we get [35].
where Q is the heat flux vector and H and G are matrices.
The diffusion matrix can be defined as
where
To solve numerically Eq. (41), the functions
where
By time differentiation of Eq. (44), we obtain
By substitution from (44)–(46) into (40), we get
By considering the initial and boundary conditions, we can write the following system of equations
We apply an explicit staggered algorithm to solve the system (48) and obtain the temperature in terms of the displacement field.
4. BEM solution of displacement field
By using the weighted residual method, we can write (12) and (13) in the following form:
where
where
Now, we assume the following boundary conditions:
By integration by parts for the first term of Eqs. (49) and (50), we have
Based on Huang and Liang [88], the boundary integral equation can be expressed as
By integrating by parts for the left-hand side of (58), we get
Based on Eringen [89], the elastic stress can be expressed as
where
Hence, Eq. (59) can be rewritten as
By integration by parts again, we obtain
The weighting functions of
According to Dragos [90], the fundamental solution can be written as
The weighting functions of
Based on Dragos [90], the fundamental solution can be obtained analytically as
By using the weighting functions of (65) and (67) into (63), we have
Thus, we can write
where
In order to solve (70) numerically, we suppose the following definitions:
Substituting from (72) into (70) and discretizing the boundary, we obtain
Equation after integration can be written as
By using the following representation:
Thus, we can write (74) as follows:
The global matrix equation for all
where
Substituting the boundary conditions into (77), we obtain the following system of equations:
We apply an explicit staggered algorithm to solve the system (78) and obtain the temperature and displacement fields as follows:
From Eq. (48) we obtain the temperature field in terms of the displacement field.
We predict the displacement field and solve the resulted equation for the temperature field.
We correct the displacement field using the computed temperature field for Eq. (78).
An explicit staggered algorithm based on communication-avoiding Arnoldi as described in Hoemmen [91] is very suitable for efficient implementation in Matlab (R2019a) with the aim of specifically improving its performance for the solution of the resulting linear algebraic systems.
5. Computational performance of the problem
According to Fahmy [35], the computer performance with simulation can be computed based on account and communication process, elements underlying the hardware and functional computation. The main objective of our proposed technique during simulation process is to use the preconditioners which are efficient to improve the overall CPU utilization of the cluster, accelerate the iterative method, and reduce the input/output and the interprocessor communication costs. Also, Fahmy [35] compared the communication-avoiding Krylov methods that are based on the s-step Krylov methods such as communication-avoiding generalized minimal residual (CA-GMRES) of Saad and Schultz [92], communication-avoiding Arnoldi (CA-Arnoldi) of the Arnoldi [93] and communication-avoiding Lanczos (CA-Lanczos) of Lanczos [94], with their corresponding standard Krylov methods. CA-Arnoldi which is also called Arnoldi (s, t) algorithm is different from standard Arnoldi (s)
and
The generalized minimal residual (GMRES) method of Saad and Schultz [92] is a Krylov subspace method for solving nonsymmetric linear systems. The CA-GMRES algorithm is based on Arnoldi (s, t) and equivalent to standard GMRES in exact arithmetic. Also, the GMRES or CA-GMRES are convergent at the same rate for problems, but Hoemmen [91] proved that CA-GMRES algorithm shown in Figure 3 converges for the s-step basis lengths and restart lengths used for obtaining maximum performance. Lanczos method can be considered as a special case of Arnoldi method for symmetric and real case of A or Hermitian and complex case of A. Symmetric Lanczos which is also called Lanczos is different from nonsymmetric Lanczos. We implemented a communication-avoiding version of symmetric Lanczos (CA-Lanczos) for solving symmetric positive definite (SPD) eigenvalue problems. Also, we implement CA-Lanczos iteration algorithm shown in Figure 4, which is also called Lanczos (s, t), where s is the s-step basis length and t is the outer iterations number before restart. This algorithm is based on using rank revealing-tall skinny QR-block Gram-Schmidt (RR-TSQR-BGS) orthogonalization method which connects between TSQR and block Gram-Schmidt, where we have been using the right-shifted basis matrix at outer iteration
and
For more details about the considered preconditioners and algorithms, we refer the interested readers to [91].
The main objective of this section is to implement an accurate and robust preconditioning technique for solving the dense nonsymmetric algebraic system of linear equations arising from the BEM. So, a communication-avoiding Arnoldi of the Arnoldi [93] has been implemented for solving the resulting linear systems in order to reduce the iteration number and CPU time. The BEM discretization is employed in 1280 quadrilateral elements, with 3964 degrees of freedom (DOF). A comparative performance of preconditioned Krylov subspace solvers (CA-Arnoldi, CA-GMRES, and CA-Lanczos) has been shown in Table 1, where the number of DOF is 3964 and “–” was defined as the divergence process. From the results of Table 1. The CA-Arnoldi, CA-GMRES, and CA-Lanczos are more cost-effective than the other Krylov subspace methods Arnoldi, GMRES, and Lanczos, respectively. Also, CA-Arnoldi, CA-GMRES, and CA-Lanczos have been compared with each other in Table 2. It can be seen from this table that the performance of CA-Arnoldi is superior than the other iterative methods.
Methods | Preconditioning techniques | Iterations | Residual | Time of each iterative step (s) | Time of solution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Direct methods | NO | — | — | — | 9 min 50 s |
Arnoldi | NO | 174 | 7.21E–07 | 3.85 | 11 min 25 s |
JOBI | 26 | 5.22E–07 | 3.86 | 2 min 38 s | |
BJOB | 22 | 1.34E–06 | 3.86 | 2 min 23 s | |
ILU3 | 47 | 1.66E–06 | 3.84 | 4 min 2 s | |
ILU5 | 48 | 1.38E–06 | 3.89 | 4 min 6 s | |
DILU | 48 | 1.53E–06 | 5.45 | 4 min 18 s | |
CA–Arnoldi | NO | 360 | 6.96E–07 | 1.95 | 11 min 53 s |
JOBI | 20 | 4.42E–07 | 1.96 | 1 min 30 s | |
BJOB | 20 | 2.30E–08 | 1.96 | 1 min 30 s | |
ILU3 | 40 | 7.87E–07 | 1.96 | 2 min 11 s | |
ILU5 | 60 | 1.28E–08 | 1.96 | 2 min 48 s | |
DILU | 60 | 1.59E–07 | 3.07 | 4 min 1 s | |
GMRES | NO | 280 | 2.36E–08 | 1.90 | 6 min 20 s |
JOBI | 40 | 5.01E–13 | 1.91 | 2 min 10 s | |
BJOB | 40 | 2.05E–11 | 1.91 | 2 min 10 s | |
ILU3 | 40 | 4.70E–08 | 1.91 | 2 min 10 s | |
ILU5 | 40 | 3.13E–08 | 2.60 | 2 min 10 s | |
DILU | 40 | 6.19E–08 | 3.07 | 2 min 48 s | |
CA–GMRES | NO | 120 | 6.89E–07 | 3.78 | 7 min 57 s |
JOBI | 12 | 1.00E–05 | 3.76 | 1 min 41 s | |
BJOB | 12 | 2.22E–06 | 3.76 | 1 min 42 s | |
ILU3 | 26 | 3.63E–06 | 3.75 | 2 min 34 s | |
ILU5 | 22 | 4.05E–06 | 3.75 | 2 min 20 s | |
DILU | 25 | 5.19E–06 | 5.93 | 3 min 18 s | |
Lanczos | NO | 135 | 7.24E–07 | 3.80 | 8 min 41 s |
JOBI | 22 | 4.87E–07 | 3.75 | 2 min 33 s | |
BJOB | 18 | 9.27E–07 | 5.18 | 3 min 2 s | |
ILU3 | 42 | 2.41E–07 | 3.81 | 3 min 48 s | |
ILU5 | 36 | 6.41E–07 | 3.78 | 3 min 18 s | |
DILU | 38 | 2.04E–07 | 5.00 | 3 min 32 s | |
CA–Lanczos | NO | 129 | 1.30E–04 | 3.75 | 9 min 22 s |
JOBI | 16 | 8.64E–07 | 3.76 | 2 min 3s | |
BJOB | 14 | 1.69E–07 | 3.77 | 2 min 0 s | |
ILU3 | 24 | 9.29E–07 | 3.87 | 2 min 31 s | |
ILU5 | 31 | 1.91E–07 | 3.90 | 3 min 1 s | |
DILU | 27 | 8.11E–07 | 5.95 | 3 min 31 s |
Solvers | DOF | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
965 | 1505 | 3380 | 3964 | 6005 | ||
CA–Arnoldi | Residual | 6.81E–12 | 5.38E–12 | 4.13E–11 | 4.17E–11 | 7.57E–11 |
CPU time (s) | 4.96 | 10.78 | 99.24 | 134.26 | 293.29 | |
Iterations | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | |
CA–GMRES | Residual | 2.98E–12 | 1.90E–12 | 1.28E–11 | 1.36E–11 | 1.22E–11 |
CPU time (s) | 5.06 | 11.49 | 126.38 | 164.09 | 445.51 | |
Iterations | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | |
CA– Lanczos | Residual | 7.20E–11 | 3.35E–11 | 2.72E–11 | 3.97E–11 | 8.33E–11 |
CPU time (s) | 5.05 | 11.47 | 139.07 | 180.49 | 514.72 | |
Iterations | 22 | 26 | 28 | 30 | 32 |
6. Numerical results and discussion
In order to illustrate the numerical results of this study, we consider a monoclinic graphite-epoxy as an anisotropic smart material which has the following constants [35].
The elasticity tensor is expressed as
The mechanical temperature coefficient is
The thermal conductivity tensor is
Mass density
The technique that has been proposed in the current chapter can be applicable to a wide range of three-temperature nonlinear thermal stress problems of FGA structures. The main aim of this chapter is to assess the impact of MDD and anisotropy on the three-temperature nonlinear thermal stress distributions.
The proposed technique that has been implemented in the current study can be applicable to a wide variety of FGA smart structure problems involving three temperatures. All the physical parameters satisfy the initial and boundary conditions. The efficiency of our BEM modeling technique has been improved using an explicit staggered algorithm based on communication-avoiding Arnoldi procedure to decrease the computation time.
Figure 5 shows the variations of the three temperatures
In order to study the anisotropy and MDD effects on the nonlinear thermal stresses, we assume the following four cases: A, B, C, and D, where case A denotes the nonlinear thermal stress distribution in the isotropic material without MDD effect, case B denotes the nonlinear thermal stress distribution in isotropic material with MDD effect, case C denotes the nonlinear thermal stress distribution in anisotropic material without MDD effect, and case D denotes nonlinear thermal stress distribution in anisotropic material with MDD effect.
Figures 7–9 show the variation of the nonlinear thermal stresses
Since there are no available results for the considered problem in the literature. Therefore, we only considered the one-dimensional special case for the variations of the nonlinear thermal stress σ11 with the time
7. Conclusion
The main aim of this chapter is to introduce a new MDD model based on BEM for obtaining the transient three-temperature nonlinear thermal stresses in FGA smart structures. The governing equations of this model are very hard to solve analytically because of nonlinearity and anisotropy. To overcome this, we propose a new boundary element formulation for solving such equations. Since the CA kernels of the s-step Krylov methods are faster than the kernels of standard Krylov methods. Therefore, we used an explicit staggered algorithm based on CA-Arnoldi procedure to solve the resulted linear equations. The computational performance of the proposed technique has been performed using communication-avoiding Arnoldi procedure. The numerical results are presented highlighting the effects of MDD on the three-temperature distributions and the influence of MDD and anisotropy on the nonlinear thermal stresses of FGA smart structures. The numerical results also demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed technique. It can be concluded from numerical results of our current general problem that all generalized and nonlinear generalized thermoelasticity theories can be combined with the three-temperature radiative heat conduction to describe the deformation of FGA smart structures in the context of memory-dependent derivatives. From the research that has been performed, it is possible to conclude that the proposed BEM technique is effective and stable for transient three-temperature thermal stress problems in FGA smart structures.
The numerical results for our complex and general problem can provide data references for computer scientists and engineers, geotechnical and geothermal engineers, designers of new materials, and researchers in material science as well as for those working on the development of anisotropic smart structures. In the application of three-temperature theories in advanced manufacturing technologies, with the development of soft machines and robotics in biomedical engineering and advanced manufacturing, transient thermal stresses will be encountered more often where three-temperature radiative heat conduction will turn out to be the best choice for thermomechanical analysis in the design and analysis of advanced smart materials and structures.
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Fahmy MA, Salem AM, Metwally MS, Rashid MM. Computer implementation of the DRBEM for studying the classical uncoupled theory of thermoelasticity of functionally graded anisotropic rotating plates. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications. 2013; 3 :1146-1154 - 51.
Fahmy MA. A computerized DRBEM model for generalized magneto-thermo-visco-elastic stress waves in functionally graded anisotropic thin film/substrate structures. Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures. 2014; 11 :386-409 - 52.
Fahmy MA, Salem AM, Metwally MS, Rashid MM. Computer implementation of the DRBEM for studying the classical coupled thermoelastic responses of functionally graded anisotropic plates. Physical Science International Journal. 2014; 4 :674-685 - 53.
Fahmy MA, Salem AM, Metwally MS, Rashid MM. Computer implementation of the DRBEM for studying the generalized thermo elastic responses of functionally graded anisotropic rotating plates with two relaxation times. British Journal of Mathematics & Computer Science. 2014; 4 :1010-1026 - 54.
Fahmy MA. Computerized Boundary Element Solutions for Thermoelastic Problems: Applications to Functionally Graded Anisotropic Structures. Saarbrücken: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing; 2017 - 55.
Fahmy MA. Boundary Element Computation of Shape Sensitivity and Optimization: Applications to Functionally Graded Anisotropic Structures. Saarbrücken: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing; 2017 - 56.
Fahmy MA. A new computerized boundary element algorithm for cancer modeling of cardiac anisotropy on the ECG simulation. Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science. 2018; 2 :1-10 - 57.
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Zirakashvili N. Solution of contact problems for half-space by boundary element methods based on singular solutions of flamant and boussinesq’s problems. International Journal of Applied Mechanics. 2020; 12 :2050015 - 63.
Fahmy MA. Implicit-explicit time integration DRBEM for generalized magneto-thermoelasticity problems of rotating anisotropic viscoelastic functionally graded solids. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements. 2013; 37 :107-115 - 64.
Fahmy MA. Generalized magneto-thermo-viscoelastic problems of rotating functionally graded anisotropic plates by the dual reciprocity boundary element method. Journal of Thermal Stresses. 2013; 36 :1-20 - 65.
Fahmy MA. A 2D time domain DRBEM computer model for magneto-thermoelastic coupled wave propagation problems. International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation. 2014; 4 :138-151 - 66.
Fahmy MA, Al-Harbi SM, Al-Harbi BH. Implicit time-stepping DRBEM for design sensitivity analysis of magneto-thermo-elastic FGA structure under initial stress. American Journal of Mathematical and Computational Sciences. 2017; 2 :55-62 - 67.
Fahmy MA. The effect of anisotropy on the structure optimization using golden-section search algorithm based on BEM. Journal of Advances in Mathematics and Computer Science. 2017; 25 :1-18 - 68.
Fahmy MA. DRBEM sensitivity analysis and shape optimization of rotating magneto-thermo-viscoelastic FGA Structures using golden-section search algorithm based on uniform bicubic B-splines. Journal of Advances in Mathematics and Computer Science. 2017; 25 :1-20 - 69.
Fahmy MA. A predictor-corrector time-stepping DRBEM for shape design sensitivity and optimization of multilayer FGA structures. Transylvanian Review. 2017; XXV :5369-5382 - 70.
Fahmy MA. Shape design sensitivity and optimization for two-temperature generalized magneto-thermoelastic problems using time-domain DRBEM. Journal of Thermal Stresses. 2018; 41 :119-138 - 71.
Fahmy MA. Boundary element algorithm for modeling and simulation of dual-phase lag bioheat transfer and biomechanics of anisotropic soft tissues. International Journal of Applied Mechanics. 2018; 10 :1850108 - 72.
Fahmy MA. Modeling and optimization of anisotropic viscoelastic porous structures using CQBEM and moving asymptotes algorithm. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 2019; 44 :1671-1684 - 73.
Fahmy MA. Boundary element modeling and simulation of biothermomechanical behavior in anisotropic laser-induced tissue hyperthermia. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements. 2019; 101 :156-164 - 74.
Fahmy MA, Al-Harbi SM, Al-Harbi BH, Sibih AM. A computerized boundary element algorithm for modeling and optimization of complex magneto-thermoelastic problems in MFGA structures. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports. 2019; 3 :1-13 - 75.
Fahmy MA. A new LRBFCM-GBEM modeling algorithm for general solution of time fractional order dual phase lag bioheat transfer problems in functionally graded tissues. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications. 2019; 75 :616-626 - 76.
Fahmy MA. Design optimization for a simulation of rotating anisotropic viscoelastic porous structures using time-domain OQBEM. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation. 2019; 66 :193-205 - 77.
Fahmy MA. A new convolution variational boundary element technique for design sensitivity analysis and topology optimization of anisotropic thermo-poroelastic structures. Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 2020; 27 :1-12 - 78.
Fahmy MA. Thermoelastic stresses in a rotating non-homogeneous anisotropic body. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications. 2008; 53 :1001-1011 - 79.
Abd-Alla AM, Fahmy MA, El-Shahat TM. Magneto-thermo-elastic problem of a rotating non-homogeneous anisotropic solid cylinder. Archives of Applied Mechanics. 2008; 78 :135-148 - 80.
Fahmy MA, El-Shahat TM. The effect of initial stress and inhomogeneity on the thermoelastic stresses in a rotating anisotropic solid. Archives of Applied Mechanics. 2008; 78 :431-442 - 81.
Soliman AH, Fahmy MA. Range of applying the boundary condition at fluid/porous interface and evaluation of Beavers and Joseph’s slip coefficient using finite element method. Computation. 2020; 8 :14 - 82.
Eskandari AH, Baghani M, Sohrabpour S. A time-dependent finite element formulation for thick shape memory polymer beams considering shear effects. International Journal of Applied Mechanics. 2019; 10 :1850043 - 83.
Othman MIA, Khan A, Jahangir R, Jahangir A. Analysis on plane waves through magneto-thermoelastic microstretch rotating medium with temperature dependent elastic properties. Applied Mathematical Modelling. 2019; 65 :535-548 - 84.
El-Naggar AM, Abd-Alla AM, Fahmy MA, Ahmed SM. Thermal stresses in a rotating non-homogeneous orthotropic hollow cylinder. Heat and Mass Transfer. 2002; 39 :41-46 - 85.
El-Naggar AM, Abd-Alla AM, Fahmy MA. The propagation of thermal stresses in an infinite elastic slab. Applied Mathematics and Computation. 2003; 12 :220-226 - 86.
Abd-Alla AM, El-Naggar AM, Fahmy MA. Magneto-thermoelastic problem in non-homogeneous isotropic cylinder. Heat and Mass Transfer. 2003; 39 :625-629 - 87.
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