\r\n\r\n
\r\n\r\nVitamin K2 - Vital for Health and Wellbeing has been produced and distributed through the support from Kappa Bioscience, Norway.\r\n',isbn:"978-953-51-3020-8",printIsbn:"978-953-51-3019-2",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-4895-1",doi:"10.5772/61430",price:139,priceEur:155,priceUsd:179,slug:"vitamin-k2-vital-for-health-and-wellbeing",numberOfPages:338,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:1,isInBkci:!1,hash:"b2f9f024939ddc4f5da2a8afa3fcd9c9",bookSignature:"Jan Oxholm Gordeladze",publishedDate:"March 22nd 2017",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5169.jpg",numberOfDownloads:35061,numberOfWosCitations:31,numberOfCrossrefCitations:27,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:4,numberOfDimensionsCitations:49,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:4,hasAltmetrics:1,numberOfTotalCitations:107,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"October 6th 2015",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"January 31st 2016",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"March 25th 2016",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"May 30th 2016",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"August 31st 2016",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:'
\r\n\tHuman sexuality plays a major role in everyone's life. Regardless, whether we are young or old, man or woman, American or Japanese, it is an integral part of what we do and who we are.
\r\n\r\n\tThe book will focus on the following aspects:
\r\n\r\n\t1) Human Cycle Response cycle and sex education.
\r\n\t2) Human sexual disorders in males and females.
\r\n\t3) Psychological aspects of the human sexual response cycle and its disorders.
\r\n\t4) The therapeutic aspects.
\r\n\tThe human sexual response cycle and human sexual behavior are interrelated. How this inter-relationship and its association to normal sexual health need to be delineated. In a world torn between sex and sexually transmitted disease, clear-cut scientific information in the form of a monograph is required to educate.
\r\n\r\n\tHuman sexuality, gender identity, and sexuo-erotic orientation play great roles in human health and disease. Sex education is the need of the hour and a reflection will be timely.
",isbn:"978-1-80355-151-7",printIsbn:"978-1-80355-150-0",pdfIsbn:"978-1-80355-152-4",doi:null,price:0,priceEur:0,priceUsd:0,slug:null,numberOfPages:0,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isSalesforceBook:!1,hash:"13af09c4cf93ae89789a3db597972cf6",bookSignature:"Dr. Dhastagir Sultan Sheriff",publishedDate:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11267.jpg",keywords:"Master and Johnson's Cycle, Sex Education, Premature Ejaculation, Orgasmic Disorders, Sexual Aversion Disorders, Dyspareunia, Vaginismus, Sex Hormones, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Impotence, Low Libido, Blood Analyses",numberOfDownloads:99,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:0,numberOfTotalCitations:0,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"August 18th 2021",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"March 3rd 2022",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"May 2nd 2022",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"July 21st 2022",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"September 19th 2022",remainingDaysToSecondStep:"3 months",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:4,editedByType:null,kuFlag:!1,biosketch:"Dr. Sheriff is a life counselor, sex educationist, and researcher with over 35 years of teaching experience, five authored books, and editorials written in the British Journal of Sexology and the Journal of Royal Society of Medicine. Dr. Sheriff is a life member of the European Society for Human Reproduction, and Early Human Development, American Association of Clinical Chemistry, Association of Physiologists and Pharmacologists of India, and a member of the National Academy of Medical Sciences.",coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"167875",title:"Dr.",name:"Dhastagir Sultan",middleName:null,surname:"Sheriff",slug:"dhastagir-sultan-sheriff",fullName:"Dhastagir Sultan Sheriff",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/167875/images/system/167875.jpg",biography:"Dhastagir Sultan Sheriff is a life member of the European Society for Human Reproduction and Early Human Development, Association of Physiologists and Pharmacologists of India, member of the National Academy of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, and resource person for UNESCO for Medical and Bioethics. Dr. Sheriff has authored five books including a textbook on medical biochemistry with additional interest in human sexology. He had editorials written in the British Journal of Sexology, Journal of Royal Society of Medicine, Postgraduate Medicine, and Scientist. He was a former Rotarian, Citizen Ambassador, and was selected for the Ford Foundation Fellowship.",institutionString:"University of Benghazi",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"4",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"2",institution:{name:"University of Benghazi",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Libya"}}}],coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"21",title:"Psychology",slug:"psychology"}],chapters:[{id:"81652",title:"Sexual Health Education for Youth with Disabilities: An Unmet Need",slug:"sexual-health-education-for-youth-with-disabilities-an-unmet-need",totalDownloads:20,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"81518",title:"Narrativity in Becoming Sex/Gender",slug:"narrativity-in-becoming-sex-gender",totalDownloads:11,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"80813",title:"The Biological Basis of Gender Incongruence",slug:"the-biological-basis-of-gender-incongruence",totalDownloads:27,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"80771",title:"The Strangeness and Origins of Human Sexuality",slug:"the-strangeness-and-origins-of-human-sexuality",totalDownloads:42,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"440212",firstName:"Elena",lastName:"Vracaric",middleName:null,title:"Ms.",imageUrl:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/440212/images/20007_n.jpg",email:"elena@intechopen.com",biography:"As an Author Service Manager, my responsibilities include monitoring and facilitating all publishing activities for authors and editors. From chapter submission and review to approval and revision, copyediting and design, until final publication, I work closely with authors and editors to ensure a simple and easy publishing process. I maintain constant and effective communication with authors, editors and reviewers, which allows for a level of personal support that enables contributors to fully commit and concentrate on the chapters they are writing, editing, or reviewing. I assist authors in the preparation of their full chapter submissions and track important deadlines and ensure they are met. I help to coordinate internal processes such as linguistic review, and monitor the technical aspects of the process. As an ASM I am also involved in the acquisition of editors. Whether that be identifying an exceptional author and proposing an editorship collaboration, or contacting researchers who would like the opportunity to work with IntechOpen, I establish and help manage author and editor acquisition and contact."}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"6934",title:"Psycho-Social Aspects of Human Sexuality and Ethics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"44731b106aa0d1ab5c64a7394483c7d5",slug:"psycho-social-aspects-of-human-sexuality-and-ethics",bookSignature:"Dhastagir Sultan Sheriff",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6934.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"167875",title:"Dr.",name:"Dhastagir Sultan",surname:"Sheriff",slug:"dhastagir-sultan-sheriff",fullName:"Dhastagir Sultan Sheriff"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7163",title:"Infertility, Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Hormone Assays",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6db6e4ccb7088f17f819121f7eb6424d",slug:"infertility-assisted-reproductive-technologies-and-hormone-assays",bookSignature:"Dhastagir Sultan Sheriff",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7163.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"167875",title:"Dr.",name:"Dhastagir Sultan",surname:"Sheriff",slug:"dhastagir-sultan-sheriff",fullName:"Dhastagir Sultan Sheriff"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6494",title:"Behavior Analysis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"72a81a7163705b2765f9eb0b21dec70e",slug:"behavior-analysis",bookSignature:"Huei-Tse Hou and Carolyn S. Ryan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6494.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"96493",title:"Prof.",name:"Huei Tse",surname:"Hou",slug:"huei-tse-hou",fullName:"Huei Tse Hou"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9052",title:"Psychoanalysis",subtitle:"A New Overview",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"69cc7a085f5417038f532cf11edee22f",slug:"psychoanalysis-a-new-overview",bookSignature:"Floriana Irtelli, Barbara Marchesi and Federico Durbano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9052.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"174641",title:"Dr.",name:"Floriana",surname:"Irtelli",slug:"floriana-irtelli",fullName:"Floriana Irtelli"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10981",title:"Sport Psychology in Sports, Exercise and Physical Activity",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5214c44bdc42978449de0751ca364684",slug:"sport-psychology-in-sports-exercise-and-physical-activity",bookSignature:"Hilde G. Nielsen",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10981.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"158692",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Hilde",surname:"Nielsen",slug:"hilde-nielsen",fullName:"Hilde Nielsen"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10211",title:"The Science of Emotional Intelligence",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"447fc7884303a10093bc189f4c82dd47",slug:"the-science-of-emotional-intelligence",bookSignature:"Simon George Taukeni",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10211.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"202046",title:"Dr.",name:"Simon George",surname:"Taukeni",slug:"simon-george-taukeni",fullName:"Simon George Taukeni"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7811",title:"Beauty",subtitle:"Cosmetic Science, Cultural Issues and Creative Developments",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5f6fd59694706550db8dd1082a8e457b",slug:"beauty-cosmetic-science-cultural-issues-and-creative-developments",bookSignature:"Martha Peaslee Levine and Júlia Scherer Santos",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7811.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"186919",title:"Dr.",name:"Martha",surname:"Peaslee Levine",slug:"martha-peaslee-levine",fullName:"Martha Peaslee Levine"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophile",surname:"Theophanides",slug:"theophile-theophanides",fullName:"Theophile Theophanides"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"47470",title:"Sleep and Cognition in Developmental Age",doi:"10.5772/58967",slug:"sleep-and-cognition-in-developmental-age",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/47470.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/47470",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/47470",totalDownloads:1875,totalViews:93,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,totalAltmetricsMentions:0,impactScore:0,impactScorePercentile:14,impactScoreQuartile:1,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:"September 9th 2013",dateReviewed:"August 20th 2014",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"September 24th 2014",dateFinished:"September 18th 2014",readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/47470",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/47470",book:{id:"3798",slug:"sleep-and-its-disorders-affect-society"},signatures:"Marco Carotenuto and Maria Esposito",authors:[{id:"169120",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco",middleName:null,surname:"Carotenuto",fullName:"Marco Carotenuto",slug:"marco-carotenuto",email:"marco.carotenuto@unina2.it",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:null},{id:"169983",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria",middleName:null,surname:"Esposito",fullName:"Maria Esposito",slug:"maria-esposito",email:"maria.esposito2@unina2.it",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:null}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"3798",type:"book",title:"Sleep and its Disorders Affect Society",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Sleep and its Disorders Affect Society",slug:"sleep-and-its-disorders-affect-society",publishedDate:"September 24th 2014",bookSignature:"Chris Idzikowski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3798.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-51-1725-4",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-7224-6",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",numberOfWosCitations:10,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"74614",title:"Dr.",name:"Chris",middleName:null,surname:"Idzikowski",slug:"chris-idzikowski",fullName:"Chris Idzikowski"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"1137"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"47161",type:"chapter",title:"Sleep and Cognition",slug:"sleep-and-cognition",totalDownloads:2901,totalCrossrefCites:10,signatures:"Michelle A. Miller, Hayley Wright, Josie Hough and Francesco P.\nCappuccio",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"77507",title:"Dr.",name:"Michelle A",middleName:null,surname:"Miller",fullName:"Michelle A Miller",slug:"michelle-a-miller"}]},{id:"47470",type:"chapter",title:"Sleep and Cognition in Developmental Age",slug:"sleep-and-cognition-in-developmental-age",totalDownloads:1875,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Marco Carotenuto and Maria Esposito",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"169120",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco",middleName:null,surname:"Carotenuto",fullName:"Marco Carotenuto",slug:"marco-carotenuto"},{id:"169983",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria",middleName:null,surname:"Esposito",fullName:"Maria Esposito",slug:"maria-esposito"}]},{id:"47467",type:"chapter",title:"An Essay on Sleep-Related Sexual Behaviours and Offences Related to Sexual Behaviours",slug:"an-essay-on-sleep-related-sexual-behaviours-and-offences-related-to-sexual-behaviours",totalDownloads:2909,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Chris Idzikowski",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"74614",title:"Dr.",name:"Chris",middleName:null,surname:"Idzikowski",fullName:"Chris Idzikowski",slug:"chris-idzikowski"}]},{id:"46628",type:"chapter",title:"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Childhood",slug:"obstructive-sleep-apnea-syndrome-in-childhood",totalDownloads:2007,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Leila A. Azevedo, Heidi H. Sander, Wilma T. Anselmo-Lima and\nFabiana C.P. Valera",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"148355",title:"Prof.",name:"Wilma",middleName:null,surname:"Anselmo-Lima",fullName:"Wilma Anselmo-Lima",slug:"wilma-anselmo-lima"},{id:"169119",title:"Dr.",name:"Leila",middleName:null,surname:"Azevedo",fullName:"Leila Azevedo",slug:"leila-azevedo"},{id:"170648",title:"Dr.",name:"Fabiana",middleName:null,surname:"Valera",fullName:"Fabiana Valera",slug:"fabiana-valera"},{id:"170649",title:"Dr.",name:"Heidi",middleName:null,surname:"Sander",fullName:"Heidi Sander",slug:"heidi-sander"}]},{id:"46441",type:"chapter",title:"Swallowing, Gastroesophageal Reflux and Sleep Apnea",slug:"swallowing-gastroesophageal-reflux-and-sleep-apnea",totalDownloads:2360,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Shinji Teramoto",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"94615",title:"Dr.",name:"Shinji",middleName:null,surname:"Teramoto",fullName:"Shinji Teramoto",slug:"shinji-teramoto"}]},{id:"46509",type:"chapter",title:"COPD and Sleep Apnea Syndrome – Impact and Interaction of Coexisting Disease",slug:"copd-and-sleep-apnea-syndrome-impact-and-interaction-of-coexisting-disease",totalDownloads:1549,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Carlos Zamarrón Sanz, Carlos Rábade Castedo, Ester Zamarrón de\nLucas, Emilio Morete Aracay and Félix del Campo Matias",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"91230",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Zamarron",fullName:"Carlos Zamarron",slug:"carlos-zamarron"},{id:"94382",title:"Prof.",name:"Felix",middleName:null,surname:"Del Campo",fullName:"Felix Del Campo",slug:"felix-del-campo"},{id:"170778",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Rabade Castedo",fullName:"Carlos Rabade Castedo",slug:"carlos-rabade-castedo"},{id:"170779",title:"Dr.",name:"Ester",middleName:null,surname:"Zamarron De Lucas",fullName:"Ester Zamarron De Lucas",slug:"ester-zamarron-de-lucas"},{id:"170780",title:"Mr.",name:"Emilio",middleName:null,surname:"Morete Aracay",fullName:"Emilio Morete Aracay",slug:"emilio-morete-aracay"}]},{id:"46453",type:"chapter",title:"Contribution of Autonomic Nervous System to the Hypertension Induced by Obstructive Sleep Apnea",slug:"contribution-of-autonomic-nervous-system-to-the-hypertension-induced-by-obstructive-sleep-apnea",totalDownloads:1881,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Rodrigo Iturriaga and Juan Idiaquez",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"91823",title:"Dr.",name:"Rodrigo",middleName:null,surname:"Iturriaga",fullName:"Rodrigo Iturriaga",slug:"rodrigo-iturriaga"},{id:"170133",title:"Dr.",name:"Juan",middleName:null,surname:"Idiaquez",fullName:"Juan Idiaquez",slug:"juan-idiaquez"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"993",title:"Sleep Disorders",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4e8b22b246d23090d35b80c186fc53c9",slug:"sleep-disorders",bookSignature:"Chris Idzikowski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/993.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"74614",title:"Dr.",name:"Chris",surname:"Idzikowski",slug:"chris-idzikowski",fullName:"Chris Idzikowski"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"32149",title:"Sleep and Pregnancy: Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Disturbed Breathing and Sleep Disorders in Pregnancy",slug:"sleep-and-pregnancy-sleep-deprivation-sleep-disturbed-breathing-and-sleep-disorders-in-pregnancy",signatures:"Michelle A. Miller, Manisha Ahuja and Francesco P. Cappuccio",authors:[{id:"77507",title:"Dr.",name:"Michelle A",middleName:null,surname:"Miller",fullName:"Michelle A Miller",slug:"michelle-a-miller"},{id:"119883",title:"Ms.",name:"Manisha",middleName:null,surname:"Ahuja",fullName:"Manisha Ahuja",slug:"manisha-ahuja"},{id:"119885",title:"Prof.",name:"Francesco P",middleName:null,surname:"Cappuccio",fullName:"Francesco P Cappuccio",slug:"francesco-p-cappuccio"}]},{id:"32150",title:"Adolescents with Sleep Disturbance: Causes and Diagnosis",slug:"adolescents-with-sleep-disturbance",signatures:"Akemi Tomoda and Mika Yamazaki",authors:[{id:"74577",title:"Prof.",name:"Akemi",middleName:null,surname:"Tomoda",fullName:"Akemi Tomoda",slug:"akemi-tomoda"}]},{id:"32151",title:"Sleep Disorders Diagnosis and Management in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)",slug:"sleep-disorders-diagnosis-and-management-in-children-with-attention-deficit-hyperactivy-disorder-adh",signatures:"Rosalia Silvestri and Irene Aricò",authors:[{id:"70636",title:"Prof.",name:"Rosalia",middleName:null,surname:"Silvestri",fullName:"Rosalia Silvestri",slug:"rosalia-silvestri"},{id:"74582",title:"Dr.",name:"Irene",middleName:null,surname:"Aricò",fullName:"Irene Aricò",slug:"irene-arico"}]},{id:"32152",title:"Elemental Mercury Exposure and Sleep Disorder",slug:"elemental-mercury-vapour-and-sleep-disorders-",signatures:"Alfred Bogomir Kobal and Darja Kobal Grum",authors:[{id:"67334",title:"Prof.",name:"Darja",middleName:null,surname:"Kobal Grum",fullName:"Darja Kobal Grum",slug:"darja-kobal-grum"},{id:"75307",title:"Dr.",name:"Alfred Bogomir",middleName:null,surname:"Kobal",fullName:"Alfred Bogomir Kobal",slug:"alfred-bogomir-kobal"}]},{id:"32153",title:"Evaluation of the Upper Airway in Patients with Snoring and OSA",slug:"evaluation-of-the-upper-airway-in-patients-with-snoring-and-osa",signatures:"Bhik Kotecha",authors:[{id:"72492",title:"Dr.",name:"Bhik",middleName:null,surname:"Kotecha",fullName:"Bhik Kotecha",slug:"bhik-kotecha"}]},{id:"32154",title:"Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome - A Twenty-Five Years Experience",slug:"upper-airway-resistance-syndrome-a-twenty-five-years-experience",signatures:"Felix del Campo Matías, Tomas Ruiz Albi and Carlos Zamarrón Sanz",authors:[{id:"94382",title:"Prof.",name:"Felix",middleName:null,surname:"Del Campo",fullName:"Felix Del Campo",slug:"felix-del-campo"},{id:"95981",title:"Prof.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Zamarrón Sanz",fullName:"Carlos Zamarrón Sanz",slug:"carlos-zamarron-sanz"},{id:"95982",title:"Dr.",name:"Tomas",middleName:null,surname:"Ruiz Albi",fullName:"Tomas Ruiz Albi",slug:"tomas-ruiz-albi"}]},{id:"32155",title:"Breathing Sleep Disturbances and Migraine: A Dangerous Synergy or a Favorable Antagonism?",slug:"breathing-sleep-disturbances-and-migraine-a-dangerous-synergy-or-a-favorable-antagonism-",signatures:"C. Lovati, M. Zardoni, D. D’Amico, M. Pecis, L. Giani, E. Raimondi, P. Bertora, D. Legnani, G. Bussone, C. Mariani",authors:[{id:"67622",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlo",middleName:null,surname:"Lovati",fullName:"Carlo Lovati",slug:"carlo-lovati"}]},{id:"32156",title:"Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Neurological Diseases",slug:"sleep-apnea-in-stroke",signatures:"Rafał Rola",authors:[{id:"101999",title:"Dr.",name:"Rafal",middleName:null,surname:"Rola",fullName:"Rafal Rola",slug:"rafal-rola"}]},{id:"32157",title:"The Effects of Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders on Waking Performance",slug:"the-effects-of-sleep-related-breathing-disorders-on-waking-performance",signatures:"A. Büttner(-Teleaga)",authors:[{id:"71885",title:"Prof.",name:"Antje",middleName:null,surname:"Dr. Büttner-Teleaga",fullName:"Antje Dr. Büttner-Teleaga",slug:"antje-dr.-buttner-teleaga"}]},{id:"32158",title:"Parasomnias",slug:"parasomnias",signatures:"F. Gokben Hizli and Nevzat Tarhan",authors:[{id:"72605",title:"Dr.",name:"Gokben",middleName:"Feride",surname:"Hizli Sayar",fullName:"Gokben Hizli Sayar",slug:"gokben-hizli-sayar"},{id:"77018",title:"Prof.",name:"Nevzat",middleName:null,surname:"Tarhan",fullName:"Nevzat Tarhan",slug:"nevzat-tarhan"}]},{id:"32159",title:"Risk Factors and Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome in Adults",slug:"restless-legs-syndrome",signatures:"John A. Gjevre and Regina M. Taylor-Gjevre",authors:[{id:"67279",title:"Prof.",name:"John",middleName:null,surname:"Gjevre",fullName:"John Gjevre",slug:"john-gjevre"},{id:"67286",title:"Prof.",name:"Regina",middleName:null,surname:"Taylor-Gjevre",fullName:"Regina Taylor-Gjevre",slug:"regina-taylor-gjevre"}]},{id:"32160",title:"Screening Methods for REM Sleep Behavior Disorder",slug:"screening-methods-for-rem-sleep-behavior-disorder",signatures:"Masayuki Miyamoto, Tomoyuki Miyamoto, Keisuke Suzuki, Masaoki Iwanami and Koichi Hirata",authors:[{id:"41714",title:"Dr.",name:"Masayuki",middleName:null,surname:"Miyamoto",fullName:"Masayuki Miyamoto",slug:"masayuki-miyamoto"}]}]}],publishedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"711",title:"Can't Sleep? Issues of Being an Insomniac",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"97d85ce0b7f9b8c11f154ddf3a1754d6",slug:"can-t-sleep-issues-of-being-an-insomniac",bookSignature:"Saddichha Sahoo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/711.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"120904",title:"Dr.",name:"Saddichha",surname:"Sahoo",slug:"saddichha-sahoo",fullName:"Saddichha Sahoo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10350",title:"Sleep Medicine and the Evolution of Contemporary Sleep Pharmacotherapy",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"65adb695b7195972208b5da128f531ba",slug:"sleep-medicine-and-the-evolution-of-contemporary-sleep-pharmacotherapy",bookSignature:"Denis Larrivee",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10350.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"206412",title:"Prof.",name:"Denis",surname:"Larrivee",slug:"denis-larrivee",fullName:"Denis Larrivee"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],publishedBooksByAuthor:[]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"67246",title:"Social Isolation Experienced by Youth in Social Withdrawal: Toward an Interdisciplinary Analysis and Practice",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.86503",slug:"social-isolation-experienced-by-youth-in-social-withdrawal-toward-an-interdisciplinary-analysis-and-",body:'\nSocial isolation experienced by young people refers to a state in which social interactions with others are limited or even absent for a long period of time. This can take place as a result of involuntary circumstances such as school bullying, peer exclusion, hospitalization, institutionalization, or absence/incarceration of family members or alternatively by voluntary social withdrawal from interacting with others to avoid bullying, frustration, social anxiety, or stress [1, 2]. In the discipline of developmental psychology, involuntary social withdrawal is considered equivalent to social isolation or school disaffection suffered by children and adolescents particularly in educational settings, who are characterized by apparent shyness, asocialness, unsociability, aloneness, and peer avoidance [3]. Social isolation resulted from peer exclusion may not necessarily lead to a sense of loneliness particularly when young people feel that some intimate others and adult mentors are still around to listen and help. However, when the quantity of interpersonal network is limited and the quality of social support is inadequate, socially withdrawn children and adolescents are more at risk of failing to develop appropriate social and interpersonal skills for engaging in positive interaction with peers in school or community settings. When objective social isolation is further perpetuated as a consequence of involuntary peer exclusion or voluntary social withdrawal as the last resort to react against unfavorable circumstances beyond one’s control, loneliness understood as a subjective experience or as “perceived social isolation” would take place [4, 5].
\nUnlike those student counterparts experiencing a state of social isolation and a sense of loneliness who are usually the targets of study in developmental psychology/psychopathology, this chapter focuses on discussing social isolation experienced by young people in social withdrawal as atomistic individuals, who seclude at home and lead a hermetic way of life without making face-to-face social contacts or having social relationships and interactions with the world other than their family members for a protracted period of time [5, 6]. Young people experiencing social isolation in the form of social withdrawal are characterized by their socially avoidant behavior and their invisibility from the care of helping professionals and the scrutiny of the public [7, 8], who are labeled as “hikikomori” (i.e., young hermits) in Japan [9] and as “hidden youth” in Hong Kong [10]. Young people who seclude themselves at home are asocial in behavioral and relational terms and thus silently trapped in the state of asocialness without enjoying much emotional and instrumental support. However, in the case of young people who are having a psychiatric problem, physical illness, or disability, which has prevented them from participating in the community, they would not be considered as “pure” or “primary” social withdrawal cases. They are instead regarded as secondary social withdrawal cases as a consequence of primary psychiatric or physical problems [11]. In other words, social withdrawal is not primarily a mental health or disability problem, but an anomic behavioral response to difficulties encountered by young people [12]. However, it is entirely possible for primary social withdrawal cases to develop symptoms of depression or social anxiety if they are left alone and feel alone at home for an incredibly long period of time without receiving any professional service.
\nThis chapter first defines social withdrawal experienced by youth with reference to four parameters so as to highlight the nature of social isolation confronted by these young people who are turned invisible, voiceless, and disengaged. Informed by the principle of “starting where the client is,” we then discuss different forms of in-home and community-based social work intervention targeted to self-secluded young people who are socially isolated from others other than their family. By using the empirical data drawn from a longitudinal study of youth with social withdrawal experience at home, the next session addresses the importance of interdisciplinary research and practice which is deemed important to facilitate young people to regain a sense of agency and a sense of expectancy for overcoming social isolation and its alienating relational and health outcomes. Before drawing a conclusion, we highlight the importance of advocacy work and its relationship with interdisciplinary research and practice.
\nThe first two are the interlocking parameters of time and place; the third one is the lack of face-to-face contacts and interactions other than family members; and the final one is the deprivation of a legitimate social status [4].
\nAccording to the Japanese government, social withdrawal or
Most of the youth respondents were happy with their secluded lives in the first few months as they could take a break without being interfered, play online games, surf the Internet, and do many other things they were fond of doing. Nevertheless, dispensing with social relationships with others for a long time has deskilled young people in the sense that it leads them to forget how to engage in normal interactions and relationships with others and, accordingly, heightens their anxiety to venture into the community [5, 8]. As shown in research studies in Japan,
An extended absence of a variety of face-to-face contacts and interactions at home and beyond the home boundary is likely to lead to the deskilling of young people in relation to intimate others such as parents, siblings, and friends and outsiders such as neighbors and strangers. The longer the period of social withdrawal, the higher the likelihood young people will find it difficult to read facial expressions, respond to causal greetings, and engage in causal chats, which in turn results in a downward spiral or vicious cycle of social isolation. Being confined at home without interacting with people face to face does not preclude the possibility of young people’s interaction with previous close friends and “virtual others” on the Internet platform. They may have online chatting with peers and ex-classmates on an occasional basis particularly in the beginning phase of self-isolation. But they would likely stop doing so when their ex-peers’ pacing and environment of life have become so different from theirs. Self-secluded individuals at home may chat with online players even though without knowing them personally. Virtual online interaction may be interpreted as a manifestation of their desire to make contact with the outside world. This kind of “virtual chatting,” however, is not conducive to developing trustful relationship particularly in view of the lack of offline interaction and companionship [5].
\nUnlike their student counterparts suffering from social isolation in school settings, young people in social withdrawal at home do not lead a life with a social status as a student, worker, or trainee. They are instead labeled as NEET youth who are socially excluded from the institution of education, employment, or training. After staying for a long while without resuming study at school, going out to find a job in the labor market, or learning something useful in nearby community center, conflicts with their parents and siblings will take place. The conflict taking place on the same generation and across generations in the family context is usually focused on achieving a legitimate youth status as a student, worker, or trainee just like their normal youth counterparts. However, the concern of the family is different from that of the focal person who is too anxious and frightened to map out their transition to a socially legitimate social status. The following verbatim quotes from the first author’s field data are representative of clients’ reactions against practitioners or outsiders’ intrusions into their safe “cocoon” [6]:
\nAs for the school worker, since he works in the school, he must speak for the school. So I did not want to talk to him. And the other one […] I did not know where he came from […] he did not look like a social worker. He looked like a construction worker […] I was very scared and ran into my room. At last, he talked to my mom instead of talking to me, saying something that I did not want to hear at all. I just hope that he will never come to disturb me again. (Sam, a client with social withdrawal experience)
\nI did not know where they had come from. I just thought they must be the allies of my parents. I can still remember that woman just asked me to stop surfing the internet and listen to her bullshit […] Another woman just told me “[I] would make my mom unhappy and disappointed if [I] kept on staying at home” […] She did not attempt to listen to me or understand my worries. (Peter, a client with social withdrawal experience)
\nWhat is obvious is that making a transition from the state of NEET to that of engagement in education, employment, or training will be a long rugged journey characterized by ups and downs. Unlike their NEET counterparts with antisocial behavior, self-secluded and socially isolated home hermits are characterized by their asocial, non-prosocial, and socially avoidant behavior. NEET is just an umbrella term which covers a wide spectrum of youth behaviors, ranging from antisocial to asocial. Many of these NEET youth just look like normal youth with sociable and prosocial behavior with the only exception of whether making a successful transition to work or study.
\nHowever, without enjoying a socially legitimate social status as a student, worker, or trainee, it does not mean that these self-secluded and finally socially isolated youth at home are not engaged in activities at all. Many of them were surfing information related to heritage and ecology preservation, leading an eco-friendly life at home, helping out household chores to reduce the care burden of their mother, and developing interest on their own by ongoing googling and/or practice at home, e.g., photo-taking, pet care, handicraft, production of eco-friendly stuff for domestic use, etc. [5, 6, 7, 8]. The next session discusses in what way these home-based activities undertaken by secluded youth are taken as interaction points for rapport building and intervention in a space the latter feel secure.
\nThe perpetuation of social isolation is not only personal but also structural. If social isolation of youth with chronic social withdrawal experience is to be overcome, social inclusion with concerted efforts made on personal, interpersonal, and structural levels have to be made. Viewed from a social exclusion perspective, the purpose of antisocial exclusion policy and measures paving for the way for social inclusion is to address two interrelated dimensions: exclusion from work and exclusion from social relations [18]. To take a step further, Walker and Walker further argue that social exclusion should be understood “as a dynamic process of being shut out, fully or partially, from any of the social, economic, political or cultural systems which determine the social integration of a person in society” [19]. That is, the structural causes of various forms of social exclusion or disengagement experienced by disadvantaged youth have to be thoroughly addressed even though each of their unique strengths, interests, experiences, and dreams, which are embedded into their transition stories, has to be taken into account.
\nFollowing aforementioned discussion, professional interventions designed for facilitating youth transition to the world of study, work, or training for those who have been trapped in alienating circumstances of self-seclusion and social isolation in a tiny home space for so long should not be taken as the goal of intervention in the beginning phase. Instead, what matters most in the initial stage of intervention is to build up rapport or initial trust with involuntary, vulnerable, secluded clients who are resistant to visitors and strangers. In the case of outreaching young hermits, the social work motto “to start where the client is” can be read in a literal sense of taking home as a secure place for initial interaction and intervention. Home-based intervention is more than home visitations, and it involves activities with a modest level of conversations or dialogue [20]. Before doing any home visiting, it is considered strategic to listen to the concern of the family and the client’s mother in particular who was usually the one to seek for help from social workers. At the meantime, helping professionals such as social workers, counselors, or youth workers have to seek relevant information about the client, e.g., personal particulars, length of self-seclusion at home, daily routines or activities, personal interest, relationship with family members, etc.
\nAccording to the practice wisdom of experienced social workers, it took on average nine contacts for building up an initial working relationship with each youth client, including but not restricted to home visiting, celebrating client’s birthday or doing festival celebration at home, presenting a small gift with the name of the client on it, telephone chatting, leaving behind a handwritten note for Internet or mobile phone contact, texting by using text messaging apps, etc. [5, 6, 7, 8]. In the first few home visitations, social workers usually go in pair, as the primary social worker was to initiate interaction with or minimal conversations with the client on something he or she felt interested about, and the other worker was to talk with other family members outside the home environment particularly when they were moralizing the issue or blaming their child. The underlying principle is to start where the client is, which is understood in two interlocking senses: the first of which is to talk about something different from the family’s primary concern or about the previous traumatic experience of the client; and the second is to be sensitive to the home environment in terms of both statics and dynamics of which the former refers to family photos, pictures, toys, books, magazines, gifts, souvenirs, etc., whereas the latter refers to family conversations and interactions, activities, or interests that the client was engaged in such as cooking, making desserts, taking care of a pet or two, cleaning goldfish tanks, taking photos of the street, playing online game, etc. Acknowledging the skills and knowledge involved in undertaking all these interest activities or daily routines can open up a space for engaging secluded youth in social interaction and minimal conversations that they have not experienced for so long.
\nIn a home setting, the artifacts available for providing clues to possible talking points include family ornaments, souvenirs, furniture, and so on. In case of difficulties to engage in direct conversation with clients because of their resistance to visitors, it was through talking about artifacts or pictures in the living room that the parents, usually the mothers, were able to elicit happy memories with their beloved children in relation to their unique strengths and abilities. As most of the cases of the first authors’ studies were of working class background, their living space was tiny, and the partitioned walls in the clients’ homes were not a barrier to their overhearing conversations taking place in the living room. The explicit absence of clients, hidden away from any interaction with social workers as strangers, did not rule out their implicit presence in hearing what is said positive about them. This could help youth clients recall the previous harmonious relationship with their family. These conversations provide a contrast with more recent and current stories filled with frustration, conflict, and anger. This indirect intervention approach can at least help build up an initial working relationship with clients’ family and may arouse clients’ curiosity about the friendly attitude of helping professionals.
\nStarting where the clients are does not mean ending up where they are. After gaining initial trust with the worker, the client could be invited to initiate some ideas that they would like to pursue at home, for example, learn to develop one’s interest at home in the presence of the worker perhaps with the company and instruction from a youth mentor or try out some new interest that they could not afford to do or dare to dream of doing so, e.g., learn to play magic, keyboard, drum, or guitar, use recycled materials for handicraft making, or even do home-based volunteering or simple paid job by designing a poster for promoting an agency’s program targeted to others in need [5]. In this sense, secluded youth at home could develop a sense of agency and a sense of contribution which are all good for rebuilding their self-esteem.
\nAnother innovative means to build initial rapport at clients’ homes is to work with animal-assisted therapists or practitioners to use a therapy dog for doing home visitations and interactions. In accordance to the verbatim drawn from a study of the first author, a social worker working with youth in social withdrawal made a related remark as follows:
\nThe dog is called “Fat Fat,” which is a tiny dog. Fat Fat is very nice and friendly…Tiny dogs are more acceptable for home visitations, as security guards usually turned a blind eye to this. It’s harder if we use therapy dogs of a bigger size...Fat Fat was shortsighted, and he was used to smell and greet others at close distance. Whenever he smelt the presence of young people at proximity, the latter would feel less on guard…. (Adrian, a social worker).
\nAffective relations with pet or therapeutic animals go beyond the conventional understanding of human relations [21]. The interaction process with the therapy dog Fat Fat opened up the space for dialogues between clients and social workers. The clients were less defensive to relate to social workers as visitors, since the focus of conversation was around the therapy dog rather than taking clients as the focus of concern. The use of therapeutic dogs is not only effective for icebreaking and building trust and rapport with social workers but also affective by giving youth clients a sense of warmth and a sense of touch that they had not experienced with their family members and any others outside the home for so long.
\nAs to youth with extended self-seclusion experience, anywhere beyond the home environment is a groan zone where they find it risky and uncomfortable. The longer these isolated young people stay at home without making any face-to-face contacts and interactions with others in the community, the more difficult they will find it to make a move outside their comfort zone. One of the effective ways to give these young people an incentive to destabilize their sense of “homeboundedness” is for their entrusted social worker to accompany them to do an unfinished task or two they aspired to settle. The needs and tasks may be as simple as fixing a computer, enjoying a trip to the countryside, having a haircut, buying something in nearby commercial arcade, seeing some heritage buildings, taking photos of beautiful flowers, etc. Acknowledging clients’ intention to do or settle something beyond their home environment, though seemingly minute to the rest of the world, can serve as a starting point for making a breakthrough against home confinement, spatially and mentally. Social workers can make use of this opportunity to facilitate homebound youth to plan ahead, make decision, and do mental rehearsal for the tasks they would like to pursue with the company and support from social workers. The experience of venturing into the community can provide secluded youth a solid base for driving out their fear and anxiety for meeting strangers outside their home environment and reflecting on the experience for drawing learnings that could be applied for the next outing.
\nNGOs with a drop-in corner or activity rooms can provide homebound youth an ideal setting to learn new things of interest to them, as the service environment has given tangible resources and mentoring support that are conducive to rebuilding the trust of homebound youth to outsiders. That is, the focus is placed on interest-based learning for satisfying their learning needs and resuming normal social interactions with others rather than on seeking formal educational or vocational qualifications which were too demanding to them. Another advantage of giving young people with social withdrawal experience a variety of choices of one-off events or short-term courses with just a few sessions is to give them a chance to make decision on their own, try out new things without making any commitment, and make new friends who may have the same interests or the same background of having self-seclusion and social isolation experience. In an environment that is relatively free of name-calling, teasing, and testing out behaviors, and in an environment where people are more sympathetic and supportive to each other, young people with shyness or social phobia are more able to develop sociable and prosocial behaviors for exploring and experimenting informal relationships in the real world. This reminds social workers the importance of working with youth clients in a professional yet informal manner which can provide them a secure place for appreciating and building informal and faithful peer relations that will last much longer than formal worker-client relationship [5].
\nIn another career intervention program supervised by the first author, young people with seclusion experience were invited to visit shelter dogs which had abused or abandoned experience before and engaged in human-canine activities designed to promote a positive relationship between humans and animals. Narrative review is used to help youth participants explore the values, attitudes, skills, and knowledge involved in caring for sheltered dogs and find meaning in life. Young people reported that a reciprocal relationship was experienced in the process of caring for the dogs, which offered trust, acceptance, unconditional love, and nonjudgmental contact. The youth participants offered love, care, companionship, and a secure interacting environment for the dogs, which encouraged them to believe in their ability to care for living beings. A positive self-identity with a greater sense of achievement and self-worth was built up. The interaction was also beneficial to the dogs as they became trusting, confident, and accepting of human care. Such a positive response from the dogs further reinforced a sense of contribution among the youth participants. Many of them were inspired to explore animal care work and to promote animal welfare. The program also supported young people to become mentors, to share their transformations with new members of the program and with parents, teachers, and other community stakeholders. And through the provision of workplace learning and mentoring opportunities, they were facilitated to explore about the possibility of continuing doing volunteering in animal care and animal rights and developing a vocational career related to animal care or pet care industries. In a career and life adventure planning project funded by the Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust which is the number one donor in Hong Kong, the experience to date shows that when young people such as those with chronic social withdrawal experience are provided an enabling environment with resources, opportunities, and networks, they can archive, reflect, and develop their own set of transferable values, attitudes, skills, and knowledge across different domains of paid and unpaid work experiences [22] and define their own meaningful career roadmap; they can and will make positive contributions toward a better and more inclusive world [23].
\nIn a brand-new interdisciplinary study conducted by a team of academics and researchers of the background of nursing and social work professions in Hong Kong, a total of 104 youth clients with social withdrawal experience were invited to participate in a research study as respondents by means of completing a set of questionnaires and going through some anthropometric and physical measurements. Measurements were taken by a well-trained nursing student, which include body weight, height, length and width of ears, blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and waist and hip circumference which were recorded and used for calculating the body mass index and waist-hip ratio. This interdisciplinary study across nursing and social work professions is the first ever study studying the physical health aspects of
This group of youth respondents living with a
This positive change in terms of health actions taken by the respondents could be related to two episodes of experiences. First, the respondents were informed by the nursing researcher the measures in an archived format immediately after the physical assessment, which could trigger their health awareness and their eagerness to take actions to make improvements for the next round of follow-up assessments 6 and 12 months after. Second, although social workers are not health professionals by themselves, they can use the archived record as a talking point and remind their clients to lead a healthy lifestyle by doing more exercises and developing healthier diet habits. That is, taking actions for making improvement with health and physical measures to impress oneself and others over time is considered conducive to creating a sense of expectancy among the respondents. The practice of using archived records for talking and reminder purpose consistent with the health belief model which emphasizes beholders’ awareness of threat perception (risk) and positive initiatives (opportunity) is the key to trigger appropriate actions for realizing positive health outcomes [26, 27]. This implies that promoting interdisciplinary collaboration across healthcare and social care disciplines is not only good for breeding new ideas for conducting research studies but also for producing health measures in the form of visible archive for engaging secluded youth to develop a sense of expectancy and a sense of agency for making improvements with their lifestyle and health outcomes.
\nAs viewed from the nursing perspective, the focus is placed on providing care using a holistic approach and with interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure the best possible outcome for the client. Nursing care models and the “nursing process” help guide and organize how care is provided to clients. As demonstrated in the aforementioned interdisciplinary study of youth living a
In cooperation with other healthcare professionals, nursing interventions offer access to empirical health data as well as clients’ specimens for a better understanding of the pathophysiology. Biomedical scientists look into the potential biomarkers for making accurate diagnosis and to explain the pathological pathways, in order to allow for effective medical treatments. Recently, based on the assumption of avoidant personality disorder as the most common comorbidity of
Socially withdrawn youth suffering from social isolation have not been able to receive regular targeted funding support from the Social Welfare Department (SWD) which is responsible for allocating and administering the bulk of government-funded social welfare services in Hong Kong, whether in statutory, governmental, or NGO settings. On many different occasions, SWD bureaucrats just replied that integrated youth service teams are capable of outreaching secluded youth in the community. These integrated teams are established to provide a wide range of services including children and youth center services, school social work services, and outreaching youth work under one management to meet the multifarious needs of children and youth aged 6–24. However, as these homebound cases are very much demanding of time and effort, and the integrated teams are under pressure to deliver sufficient service output to satisfy the Funding and Service Agreement requirements of the SWD, this invisible group of atomistic individuals would be subject to the risk of receiving inadequate attention and services from integrated teams. Wong argued that government inaction on this specific “hidden problem” which does not upset the community like their street counterparts with antisocial behavior has resulted in ironing out the diversity and differences of NEET youth [6], thus reproducing the inverse care law: availability of services tends to vary inversely with the need of the population served [30]. Advocating for a concerted social policy and more financial and manpower resources to set up separate teams all over Hong Kong to outreach young people in social withdrawal can prevent extended social isolation and consequential poor physical and mental health outcomes from taking place. With the consolidation of practice wisdom and evidence-based practice developed on interdisciplinary collaboration platforms with input from a diversity of health and social care professionals such as social workers, teachers, nurses, doctors, animal-assisted therapists, physiotherapists, physical exercise experts, etc., and with resources, opportunities, and networks by means of engaging multiple stakeholders including employers, parents, and mentors, youth with chronic social withdrawal and social isolation experience can be facilitated to make a transition into the community as a student, trainee, or worker in the conventional sense or as a lifelong learner eager to be engaged in paid and unpaid work experiences and other life-wide experiences in order to map out their career pathway with life’s deep meanings.
\nAll this does not rule out the possibility that with the support of solid research work and studies, social workers and youth work practitioners can share their practice wisdom and evidence-based practices with their professional counterparts working in school, center-wise, and other community-based settings. And it is entirely possible for different professional parties to work in a collaborative manner to involve multiple stakeholders including employers to provide seamless provision of services ranging from a variety of home-based interventions to a plurality of initiatives and measures including interest development, workplace learning, and other on-the-job and corporate mentoring programs.
\nSocial isolation experienced by young people in the form of extended or chronic social withdrawal at home for a protracted period of time is characterized by its invisibility and inaccessibility to adequate social provisions. For each single and unique case of youth with social withdrawal experience, helping professionals have to address the temporal, spatial, relational, and status-wise parameters in a comprehensive manner in order to map out the context and direction of professional intervention.
\nHowever, self-seclusion with resulted stagnation in transition to a legitimate social status does not imply any clientele inactivity at home. Starting where the clients are is to stay tuned with their current interest, routines, and activities they do at home, which can provide the basis for interaction, rapport building, and modest level of conversations. This can help scaffold their further interest- and activity-based learning at home and pave the way for pursuing beyond home learning and fulfilling unfinished tasks in the community.
\nIndividual young people have to learn to interact with others, kick off learning momentum, develop a healthy diet, do exercises, step out their alienating comfort zone, reengage with the community, try out workplace learning, map out their career roadmap, and make contributions to others and the community, but it will not be effective if they are confronted with blaming-the-victim discourses and circumstances unfavorable for realizing their abilities, strengths, and aspirations. Examples of such circumstances include the inadequacy of structural and institutional support; the lack of institutional, organizational, and professional flexibility; the lack of social networks and social capital; the lack of cross-sectoral and interdisciplinary collaboration; and the lack of the provision of an enabling environment where young people can enjoy access to resources, opportunities, and networks for reflecting and developing transferable values, attitudes, skills, and knowledge across different life domains.
\nGiving young people an enabling environment by means of engaging the participation and involvement of multiple stakeholders for the sake of enhancing youth’s agency, esteem and expectancy can nourish their hopes and raise their aspirations. Again, it is important to seek research funding support to conduct empirical interdisciplinary research studies that could address both the personal and the structural aspects of social withdrawal and social isolation and deliver an analysis of problems and interventions. The causes of social isolation of young people in the form of extended social withdrawal at home are both personal and structural, and thus the conceptualization and delivery of viable measures and interventions have to address both personal and structural dimensions [5, 31]. Interdisciplinary collaboration in terms of practice and research is expected to play a growing important role to do advocacy along this line in the journey ahead.
\nThe empirical findings were drawn from a number of research projects supported by the following funding bodies: the Health and Medical Research Fund (Project No. 13144071) from the Food and Health Bureau of Hong Kong, the General Research Fund (Project No. GRF/244707) from the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, the Faculty Research Grant (Project No. FRG/05-06/I-01-30-05-101) from Hong Kong Baptist University, and the Trust-Initiated Project Fund (Project No. HKBU/HKJCCT-33-14-211) from the Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust.
\nThe authors declare no conflict of interest.
The Internet has irrevocably changed the dynamics of scholarly communication and publishing. Consequently, we find it necessary to indicate, unambiguously, our definition of what we consider to be a published scientific work.
",metaTitle:"Prior Publication Policy",metaDescription:"Prior Publication Policy",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"/page/prior-publication-policy",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"A significant number of working papers, early drafts, and similar work in progress are openly shared online between members of the scientific community. It has become common to announce one’s own research on a personal website or a blog to gather comments and suggestions from other researchers. Such works and online postings are, indeed, published in the sense that they are made publicly available. However, this does not mean that if submitted for publication by IntechOpen they are not original works. We differentiate between reviewed and non-reviewed works when determining whether a work is original and has been published in a scholarly sense or not.
\\n\\nThe significance of Peer Review cannot be overstated when it comes to defining, in our terms, what constitutes a published scientific work. Peer Review is widely considered to be the cornerstone of modern publishing processes and the key value-adding contribution to a scholarly manuscript that a publisher can make.
\\n\\nOther than the issue of originality, research misconduct is another major issue that all publishers have to address. IntechOpen’s Retraction & Correction Policy and various publication ethics guidelines identify both redundant publication and (self)plagiarism to fall within the definition of research misconduct, thus constituting grounds for rejection or the issue of a Retraction if the work has already been published.
\\n\\nIn order to facilitate the tracking of a manuscript’s publishing history and its development from its earliest draft to the manuscript submitted, we encourage Authors to disclose any instances of a manuscript’s prior publication, whether it be through a conference presentation, a newspaper article, a working paper publicly available in a repository or a blog post.
\\n\\nA note to the Academic Editor containing detailed information about a submitted manuscript’s previous public availability is the preferred means of reporting prior publication. This helps us determine if there are any earlier versions of a manuscript that should be disclosed to our readers or if any of those earlier versions should be cited and listed in a manuscript’s references.
\\n\\nSome basic information about the editorial treatment of different varieties of prior publication is laid out below:
\\n\\n1. CONFERENCE PAPERS & PRESENTATIONS
\\n\\nGiven that conference papers and presentations generally pass through some sort of peer or editorial review, we consider them to be published in the accepted scholarly sense, particularly if they are published as a part of conference proceedings.
\\n\\nAll submitted manuscripts originating from a previously published conference paper must contain at least 50% of new original content to be accepted for review and considered for publication.
\\n\\nAuthors are required to report any links their manuscript might have with their earlier conference papers and presentations in a note to the Academic Editor, as well as in the manuscript itself. Additionally, Authors should obtain any necessary permissions from the publisher of their conference paper if copyright transfer occurred during the publishing process. Failure to do so may prevent Us from publishing an otherwise worthy work.
\\n\\n2. NEWSPAPER & MAGAZINE ARTICLES
\\n\\nNewspaper and magazine articles usually do not pass through any extensive peer or editorial review and we do not consider them to be published in the scholarly sense. Articles appearing in newspapers and magazines rarely possess the depth and structure characteristic of scholarly articles.
\\n\\nSubmitted manuscripts stemming from a previous newspaper or magazine article will be accepted for review and considered for publication. However, Authors are strongly advised to report any such publication in an accompanying note to the External Editor.
\\n\\nAs with the conference papers and presentations, Authors should obtain any necessary permissions from the newspaper or magazine that published the work, and indicate that they have done so in a note to the External Editor.
\\n\\n3. GREY LITERATURE
\\n\\nWhite papers, working papers, technical reports and all other forms of papers which fall within the scope of the ‘Luxembourg definition’ of grey literature do not pass through any extensive peer or editorial review and we do not consider them to be published in the scholarly sense.
\\n\\nAlthough such papers are regularly made publicly available via personal websites and institutional repositories, their general purpose is to gather comments and feedback from Authors’ colleagues in order to further improve a manuscript intended for future publication.
\\n\\nWhen submitting their work, Authors are required to disclose the existence of any publicly available earlier drafts in a note to the Academic Editor. In cases where earlier drafts of the submitted version of the manuscript are publicly available, any overlap between the versions will generally not be considered an instance of self-plagiarism.
\\n\\n4. SOCIAL MEDIA, BLOG & MESSAGE BOARD POSTINGS
\\n\\nWe feel that social media, blogs and message boards are generally used with the same intention as grey literature, to formulate ideas for a manuscript and gather early feedback from like-minded researchers in order to improve a particular piece of work before submitting it for publication. Therefore, we do not consider such internet postings to be publication in the scholarly sense.
\\n\\nNevertheless, Authors are encouraged to disclose the existence of any internet postings in which they outline and describe their research or posted passages of their manuscripts in a note to the Academic Editor. Please note that we will not strictly enforce this request in the same way that we would instructions we consider to be part of our conditions of acceptance for publication. We understand that it may be difficult to keep track of all one’s internet postings in which the researcher´s current work might be mentioned.
\\n\\nIn cases where there is any overlap between the Author´s submitted manuscript and related internet postings, we will generally not consider it to be an instance of self-plagiarism. This also holds true for any co-Author as well.
\\n\\nFor more information on this policy please contact permissions@intechopen.com.
\\n\\nPolicy last updated: 2017-03-20
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'A significant number of working papers, early drafts, and similar work in progress are openly shared online between members of the scientific community. It has become common to announce one’s own research on a personal website or a blog to gather comments and suggestions from other researchers. Such works and online postings are, indeed, published in the sense that they are made publicly available. However, this does not mean that if submitted for publication by IntechOpen they are not original works. We differentiate between reviewed and non-reviewed works when determining whether a work is original and has been published in a scholarly sense or not.
\n\nThe significance of Peer Review cannot be overstated when it comes to defining, in our terms, what constitutes a published scientific work. Peer Review is widely considered to be the cornerstone of modern publishing processes and the key value-adding contribution to a scholarly manuscript that a publisher can make.
\n\nOther than the issue of originality, research misconduct is another major issue that all publishers have to address. IntechOpen’s Retraction & Correction Policy and various publication ethics guidelines identify both redundant publication and (self)plagiarism to fall within the definition of research misconduct, thus constituting grounds for rejection or the issue of a Retraction if the work has already been published.
\n\nIn order to facilitate the tracking of a manuscript’s publishing history and its development from its earliest draft to the manuscript submitted, we encourage Authors to disclose any instances of a manuscript’s prior publication, whether it be through a conference presentation, a newspaper article, a working paper publicly available in a repository or a blog post.
\n\nA note to the Academic Editor containing detailed information about a submitted manuscript’s previous public availability is the preferred means of reporting prior publication. This helps us determine if there are any earlier versions of a manuscript that should be disclosed to our readers or if any of those earlier versions should be cited and listed in a manuscript’s references.
\n\nSome basic information about the editorial treatment of different varieties of prior publication is laid out below:
\n\n1. CONFERENCE PAPERS & PRESENTATIONS
\n\nGiven that conference papers and presentations generally pass through some sort of peer or editorial review, we consider them to be published in the accepted scholarly sense, particularly if they are published as a part of conference proceedings.
\n\nAll submitted manuscripts originating from a previously published conference paper must contain at least 50% of new original content to be accepted for review and considered for publication.
\n\nAuthors are required to report any links their manuscript might have with their earlier conference papers and presentations in a note to the Academic Editor, as well as in the manuscript itself. Additionally, Authors should obtain any necessary permissions from the publisher of their conference paper if copyright transfer occurred during the publishing process. Failure to do so may prevent Us from publishing an otherwise worthy work.
\n\n2. NEWSPAPER & MAGAZINE ARTICLES
\n\nNewspaper and magazine articles usually do not pass through any extensive peer or editorial review and we do not consider them to be published in the scholarly sense. Articles appearing in newspapers and magazines rarely possess the depth and structure characteristic of scholarly articles.
\n\nSubmitted manuscripts stemming from a previous newspaper or magazine article will be accepted for review and considered for publication. However, Authors are strongly advised to report any such publication in an accompanying note to the External Editor.
\n\nAs with the conference papers and presentations, Authors should obtain any necessary permissions from the newspaper or magazine that published the work, and indicate that they have done so in a note to the External Editor.
\n\n3. GREY LITERATURE
\n\nWhite papers, working papers, technical reports and all other forms of papers which fall within the scope of the ‘Luxembourg definition’ of grey literature do not pass through any extensive peer or editorial review and we do not consider them to be published in the scholarly sense.
\n\nAlthough such papers are regularly made publicly available via personal websites and institutional repositories, their general purpose is to gather comments and feedback from Authors’ colleagues in order to further improve a manuscript intended for future publication.
\n\nWhen submitting their work, Authors are required to disclose the existence of any publicly available earlier drafts in a note to the Academic Editor. In cases where earlier drafts of the submitted version of the manuscript are publicly available, any overlap between the versions will generally not be considered an instance of self-plagiarism.
\n\n4. SOCIAL MEDIA, BLOG & MESSAGE BOARD POSTINGS
\n\nWe feel that social media, blogs and message boards are generally used with the same intention as grey literature, to formulate ideas for a manuscript and gather early feedback from like-minded researchers in order to improve a particular piece of work before submitting it for publication. Therefore, we do not consider such internet postings to be publication in the scholarly sense.
\n\nNevertheless, Authors are encouraged to disclose the existence of any internet postings in which they outline and describe their research or posted passages of their manuscripts in a note to the Academic Editor. Please note that we will not strictly enforce this request in the same way that we would instructions we consider to be part of our conditions of acceptance for publication. We understand that it may be difficult to keep track of all one’s internet postings in which the researcher´s current work might be mentioned.
\n\nIn cases where there is any overlap between the Author´s submitted manuscript and related internet postings, we will generally not consider it to be an instance of self-plagiarism. This also holds true for any co-Author as well.
\n\nFor more information on this policy please contact permissions@intechopen.com.
\n\nPolicy last updated: 2017-03-20
\n'}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{sort:"featured,name"},profiles:[],filtersByRegion:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{hasNoEditors:"1",sort:"dateEndThirdStepPublish",topicId:"12"},books:[{type:"book",id:"11650",title:"Aquifers",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"2a7acb5c7fbf3f244aefa79513407b5e",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11650.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12130",title:"Sustainable Built Environment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"ed1dbae71b967e06efb049208f0c1068",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12130.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12131",title:"Climate Change and Fires",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"ea0858f07a3e87aaf9e5eaa75b4b44bd",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12131.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12180",title:"Wetlands",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"8957c5c2baaed32223f911a6d4aa5a03",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12180.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12221",title:"Air Pollution",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"439a018ee0c4960560cb798601f2a372",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12221.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12222",title:"Microplastics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"b9e8b19ba1ae8e03753638b27ff1efdc",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12222.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12224",title:"Mangrove Ecosystem",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"de7cd5453d6177a68cfd1c3bcc073bc7",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12224.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:42},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:12},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:17},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:18},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:18},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:46},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:14},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:107},{group:"topic",caption:"Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials",value:17,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:32},{group:"topic",caption:"Technology",value:24,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:2}],offset:12,limit:12,total:7},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10584",title:"Engineered Wood Products for Construction",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"421757c56a3735986055250821275a51",slug:"engineered-wood-products-for-construction",bookSignature:"Meng Gong",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10584.jpg",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3665,editors:[{id:"274242",title:"Dr.",name:"Meng",middleName:null,surname:"Gong",slug:"meng-gong",fullName:"Meng Gong"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10222",title:"Demyelination Disorders",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b6c26ceccacdde70c41c587361bd5558",slug:"demyelination-disorders",bookSignature:"Stavros J. Baloyannis, Fabian H. Rossi and Welwin Liu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10222.jpg",publishedDate:"May 4th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1713,editors:[{id:"156098",title:"Emeritus Prof.",name:"Stavros J.",middleName:"J.",surname:"Baloyannis",slug:"stavros-j.-baloyannis",fullName:"Stavros J. Baloyannis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9544",title:"Global Trade in the Emerging Business Environment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fb8cb09b9599246add78d508a98273d5",slug:"global-trade-in-the-emerging-business-environment",bookSignature:"Muhammad Mohiuddin, Jingbin Wang , Md. Samim Al Azad and Selim Ahmed",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9544.jpg",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2481,editors:[{id:"418514",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Mohiuddin",slug:"muhammad-mohiuddin",fullName:"Muhammad Mohiuddin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10979",title:"Parenting",subtitle:"Challenges of Child Rearing in a Changing Society",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6f345ebcf4fd61e73643c69063a12c7b",slug:"parenting-challenges-of-child-rearing-in-a-changing-society",bookSignature:"Sayyed Ali Samadi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10979.jpg",publishedDate:"May 4th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1107,editors:[{id:"52145",title:"Dr.",name:"Sayyed Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Samadi",slug:"sayyed-ali-samadi",fullName:"Sayyed Ali Samadi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9808",title:"Contemporary Topics in Patient Safety",subtitle:"Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fb6371607c2c6c02c6a2af8892765aba",slug:"contemporary-topics-in-patient-safety-volume-1",bookSignature:"Stanislaw P. Stawicki and Michael S. Firstenberg",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9808.jpg",publishedDate:"April 20th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3307,editors:[{id:"181694",title:"Dr.",name:"Stanislaw P.",middleName:null,surname:"Stawicki",slug:"stanislaw-p.-stawicki",fullName:"Stanislaw P. Stawicki"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10681",title:"Biodegradation Technology of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9a6e10e02788092872fd249436898e97",slug:"biodegradation-technology-of-organic-and-inorganic-pollutants",bookSignature:"Kassio Ferreira Mendes, Rodrigo Nogueira de Sousa and Kamila Cabral Mielke",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10681.jpg",publishedDate:"April 20th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3266,editors:[{id:"197720",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Kassio",middleName:null,surname:"Ferreira Mendes",slug:"kassio-ferreira-mendes",fullName:"Kassio Ferreira Mendes"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10764",title:"Antenna Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2fbf1c7a5d92723f08198fc9b526a8ad",slug:"antenna-systems",bookSignature:"Hussain Al-Rizzo and Said Abushamleh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10764.jpg",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1868,editors:[{id:"153384",title:"Prof.",name:"Hussain",middleName:null,surname:"Al-Rizzo",slug:"hussain-al-rizzo",fullName:"Hussain Al-Rizzo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10668",title:"Sustainability of Concrete With Synthetic and Recycled Aggregates",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"55856c6a8bc3a5b21dae5a1af09a56b6",slug:"sustainability-of-concrete-with-synthetic-and-recycled-aggregates",bookSignature:"Hosam M. Saleh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10668.jpg",publishedDate:"May 4th 2022",numberOfDownloads:856,editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam",middleName:null,surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-saleh",fullName:"Hosam Saleh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10803",title:"Reactive Oxygen Species",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"176adcf090fdd1f93cb8ce3146e79ca1",slug:"reactive-oxygen-species",bookSignature:"Rizwan Ahmad",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10803.jpg",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1704,editors:[{id:"40482",title:null,name:"Rizwan",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"rizwan-ahmad",fullName:"Rizwan Ahmad"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9032",title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f609bf3251d7cc7bae0099a4374adfc3",slug:"corporate-social-responsibility",bookSignature:"Beatrice Orlando",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9032.jpg",publishedDate:"March 16th 2022",numberOfDownloads:7489,editors:[{id:"232969",title:"Prof.",name:"Beatrice",middleName:null,surname:"Orlando",slug:"beatrice-orlando",fullName:"Beatrice Orlando"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10251",title:"Plankton Communities",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e11e441ca2d2d5f631b1b4704505cfb6",slug:"plankton-communities",bookSignature:"Leonel Pereira and Ana Marta Gonçalves",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10251.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"279788",title:"Dr.",name:"Leonel",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"leonel-pereira",fullName:"Leonel Pereira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10830",title:"Animal Feed Science and Nutrition",subtitle:"Production, Health and Environment",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"79944fc8fbbaa329aed6fde388154832",slug:"animal-feed-science-and-nutrition-production-health-and-environment",bookSignature:"Amlan Kumar Patra",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10830.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"310962",title:"Dr.",name:"Amlan",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Patra",slug:"amlan-patra",fullName:"Amlan Patra"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10853",title:"Recent Advances in Polynomials",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9e8671bae09ccaa8b8e276c639a737fc",slug:"recent-advances-in-polynomials",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10853.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10871",title:"Computed-Tomography (CT) Scan",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"966d8cf74fa27eea1b9cbc9a6ee94993",slug:"computed-tomography-ct-scan",bookSignature:"Reda R. Gharieb",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10871.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"225387",title:"Prof.",name:"Reda R.",middleName:"R.",surname:"Gharieb",slug:"reda-r.-gharieb",fullName:"Reda R. Gharieb"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10903",title:"Genetically Modified Plants and Beyond",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4d7ed4faab99c92cd4d676dc86501df9",slug:"genetically-modified-plants-and-beyond",bookSignature:"Idah Sithole Niang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10903.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"90172",title:"Prof.",name:"Idah",middleName:null,surname:"Sithole-Niang",slug:"idah-sithole-niang",fullName:"Idah Sithole-Niang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10904",title:"Fusarium",subtitle:"An Overview of the Genus",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"49d9063e43f94bd1517d65fbc58b93c3",slug:"fusarium-an-overview-of-the-genus",bookSignature:"Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10904.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"100573",title:"Dr.",name:"Seyed Mahyar",middleName:null,surname:"Mirmajlessi",slug:"seyed-mahyar-mirmajlessi",fullName:"Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10654",title:"Brain-Computer Interface",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a5308884068cc53ed31c6baba756857f",slug:"brain-computer-interface",bookSignature:"Vahid Asadpour",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10654.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"165328",title:"Dr.",name:"Vahid",middleName:null,surname:"Asadpour",slug:"vahid-asadpour",fullName:"Vahid Asadpour"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10676",title:"Recent Applications in Graph Theory",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"900c60742d224080732bd16bd25ccba8",slug:"recent-applications-in-graph-theory",bookSignature:"Harun Pirim",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10676.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"146092",title:"Dr.",name:"Harun",middleName:null,surname:"Pirim",slug:"harun-pirim",fullName:"Harun Pirim"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11196",title:"New Updates in E-Learning",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6afaadf68e2a0a4b370ac5ceb5ca89c6",slug:"new-updates-in-e-learning",bookSignature:"Eduard Babulak",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11196.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"10086",title:"Prof.",name:"Eduard",middleName:null,surname:"Babulak",slug:"eduard-babulak",fullName:"Eduard Babulak"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9974",title:"E-Learning and Digital Education in the Twenty-First Century",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"88b58d66e975df20425fc1dfd22d53aa",slug:"e-learning-and-digital-education-in-the-twenty-first-century",bookSignature:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9974.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"94099",title:"Dr.",name:"M. Mahruf C.",middleName:null,surname:"Shohel",slug:"m.-mahruf-c.-shohel",fullName:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"849",title:"Landscape Ecology",slug:"landscape-ecology",parent:{id:"126",title:"Ecology",slug:"environmental-sciences-ecology"},numberOfBooks:7,numberOfSeries:0,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:169,numberOfWosCitations:362,numberOfCrossrefCitations:295,numberOfDimensionsCitations:601,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicId:"849",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"8013",title:"Land Use Change and Sustainability",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6b3aee3b93d95ecd84c41753486f7a83",slug:"land-use-change-and-sustainability",bookSignature:"Seth Appiah-Opoku",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8013.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"137858",title:"Dr.",name:"Seth",middleName:null,surname:"Appiah-Opoku",slug:"seth-appiah-opoku",fullName:"Seth Appiah-Opoku"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8295",title:"Landscape Reclamation",subtitle:"Rising From What's Left",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1fb7d9e280708a190a90c3b352c93d45",slug:"landscape-reclamation-rising-from-what-s-left",bookSignature:"Luis Loures",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8295.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"108118",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Loures",slug:"luis-loures",fullName:"Luis Loures"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7476",title:"Land Use",subtitle:"Assessing the Past, Envisioning the Future",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5b0c406adac8447ffeb089e29eac8ea9",slug:"land-use-assessing-the-past-envisioning-the-future",bookSignature:"Luís Carlos Loures",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7476.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"108118",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Loures",slug:"luis-loures",fullName:"Luis Loures"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6066",title:"Landscape Architecture",subtitle:"The Sense of Places, Models and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fd4ff3f5b34fb2ee8089dc8da74a843a",slug:"landscape-architecture-the-sense-of-places-models-and-applications",bookSignature:"Amjad Almusaed",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6066.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"110471",title:"Prof.",name:"Amjad",middleName:"Zaki",surname:"Almusaed",slug:"amjad-almusaed",fullName:"Amjad Almusaed"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5289",title:"Landscape Ecology",subtitle:"The Influences of Land Use and Anthropogenic Impacts of Landscape Creation",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"354db0cb765007d8e48728a1356f2b75",slug:"landscape-ecology-the-influences-of-land-use-and-anthropogenic-impacts-of-landscape-creation",bookSignature:"Amjad Almusaed",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5289.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"110471",title:"Prof.",name:"Amjad",middleName:"Zaki",surname:"Almusaed",slug:"amjad-almusaed",fullName:"Amjad Almusaed"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3560",title:"Advances in Landscape Architecture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a20614517ec5f7e91188fe8e42832138",slug:"advances-in-landscape-architecture",bookSignature:"Murat Özyavuz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3560.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"93073",title:"Dr.",name:"Murat",middleName:null,surname:"Ozyavuz",slug:"murat-ozyavuz",fullName:"Murat Ozyavuz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2406",title:"Landscape Planning",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3c7b088d1bfbcf17d7f2fe6f47137af2",slug:"landscape-planning",bookSignature:"Murat Ozyavuz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2406.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"93073",title:"Dr.",name:"Murat",middleName:null,surname:"Ozyavuz",slug:"murat-ozyavuz",fullName:"Murat Ozyavuz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:7,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"45414",doi:"10.5772/55749",title:"Role of Ecotourism in Sustainable Development",slug:"role-of-ecotourism-in-sustainable-development",totalDownloads:30239,totalCrossrefCites:52,totalDimensionsCites:69,abstract:null,book:{id:"3560",slug:"advances-in-landscape-architecture",title:"Advances in Landscape Architecture",fullTitle:"Advances in Landscape Architecture"},signatures:"Tuğba Kiper",authors:[{id:"135574",title:"Dr.",name:"Tuğba",middleName:null,surname:"Kiper",slug:"tugba-kiper",fullName:"Tuğba Kiper"}]},{id:"51201",doi:"10.5772/63719",title:"Agriculture and Its Impact on Land‐Use, Environment, and Ecosystem Services",slug:"agriculture-and-its-impact-on-land-use-environment-and-ecosystem-services",totalDownloads:8403,totalCrossrefCites:33,totalDimensionsCites:67,abstract:"Human expansion throughout the world caused that agriculture is a dominant form of land management globally. Human influence on the land is accelerating because of rapid population growth and increasing food requirements. To stress the interactions between society and the environment, the driving forces (D), pressures (P), states (S), impacts (I), and response (R) (DPSIR) framework approach was used for analyzing and assessing the influence of agriculture on land use, environment, and ecosystem services. The DPSIR model was used to identify a series of core indicators and to establish the nature of interactions between different driving forces, pressures, states, impacts, and responses. We assessed selected indicators at global, national, and local levels. Driving force indicators describe growing population trend and linking land‐use patterns. The driving forces exert pressure on the environment assessed by indicators describing development in fertilizer and pesticides consumption, by number of livestock, and by intensification joined growing release of ammonia and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture, and water abstraction. The pressure reflects in the state of environment, mainly expressed by soil and water quality indicators. Negative changes in the state then have negative impacts on landscape, e.g., traditional landscape disappearance, biodiversity, climate, and ecosystem services. As a response, technological, economic, policy, or legislation measures are adopted.",book:{id:"5289",slug:"landscape-ecology-the-influences-of-land-use-and-anthropogenic-impacts-of-landscape-creation",title:"Landscape Ecology",fullTitle:"Landscape Ecology - The Influences of Land Use and Anthropogenic Impacts of Landscape Creation"},signatures:"Radoslava Kanianska",authors:[{id:"184781",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Radoslava",middleName:null,surname:"Kanianska",slug:"radoslava-kanianska",fullName:"Radoslava Kanianska"}]},{id:"45415",doi:"10.5772/55796",title:"Reclamation of Degraded Landscapes due to Opencast Mining",slug:"reclamation-of-degraded-landscapes-due-to-opencast-mining",totalDownloads:7043,totalCrossrefCites:18,totalDimensionsCites:38,abstract:null,book:{id:"3560",slug:"advances-in-landscape-architecture",title:"Advances in Landscape Architecture",fullTitle:"Advances in Landscape Architecture"},signatures:"Nazan Kuter",authors:[{id:"165447",title:"Dr.",name:"Nazan",middleName:null,surname:"Kuter",slug:"nazan-kuter",fullName:"Nazan Kuter"}]},{id:"45411",doi:"10.5772/55758",title:"Understanding Landscape Structure Using Landscape Metrics",slug:"understanding-landscape-structure-using-landscape-metrics",totalDownloads:8055,totalCrossrefCites:16,totalDimensionsCites:31,abstract:null,book:{id:"3560",slug:"advances-in-landscape-architecture",title:"Advances in Landscape Architecture",fullTitle:"Advances in Landscape Architecture"},signatures:"Ercan Gökyer",authors:[{id:"154580",title:"Dr.",name:"Ercan",middleName:null,surname:"Gökyer",slug:"ercan-gokyer",fullName:"Ercan Gökyer"}]},{id:"45416",doi:"10.5772/55812",title:"Landscape Engineering, Protecting Soil, and Runoff Storm Water",slug:"landscape-engineering-protecting-soil-and-runoff-storm-water",totalDownloads:4284,totalCrossrefCites:12,totalDimensionsCites:26,abstract:null,book:{id:"3560",slug:"advances-in-landscape-architecture",title:"Advances in Landscape Architecture",fullTitle:"Advances in Landscape Architecture"},signatures:"Mehmet Cetin",authors:[{id:"166881",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Mehmet",middleName:null,surname:"Cetin",slug:"mehmet-cetin",fullName:"Mehmet Cetin"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"45422",title:"Urban Waterfront Regenerations",slug:"urban-waterfront-regenerations",totalDownloads:13829,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:11,abstract:null,book:{id:"3560",slug:"advances-in-landscape-architecture",title:"Advances in Landscape Architecture",fullTitle:"Advances in Landscape Architecture"},signatures:"Umut Pekin Timur",authors:[{id:"165480",title:"Dr.",name:"Umut",middleName:null,surname:"Pekin Timur",slug:"umut-pekin-timur",fullName:"Umut Pekin Timur"}]},{id:"51201",title:"Agriculture and Its Impact on Land‐Use, Environment, and Ecosystem Services",slug:"agriculture-and-its-impact-on-land-use-environment-and-ecosystem-services",totalDownloads:8414,totalCrossrefCites:34,totalDimensionsCites:67,abstract:"Human expansion throughout the world caused that agriculture is a dominant form of land management globally. Human influence on the land is accelerating because of rapid population growth and increasing food requirements. To stress the interactions between society and the environment, the driving forces (D), pressures (P), states (S), impacts (I), and response (R) (DPSIR) framework approach was used for analyzing and assessing the influence of agriculture on land use, environment, and ecosystem services. The DPSIR model was used to identify a series of core indicators and to establish the nature of interactions between different driving forces, pressures, states, impacts, and responses. We assessed selected indicators at global, national, and local levels. Driving force indicators describe growing population trend and linking land‐use patterns. The driving forces exert pressure on the environment assessed by indicators describing development in fertilizer and pesticides consumption, by number of livestock, and by intensification joined growing release of ammonia and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture, and water abstraction. The pressure reflects in the state of environment, mainly expressed by soil and water quality indicators. Negative changes in the state then have negative impacts on landscape, e.g., traditional landscape disappearance, biodiversity, climate, and ecosystem services. As a response, technological, economic, policy, or legislation measures are adopted.",book:{id:"5289",slug:"landscape-ecology-the-influences-of-land-use-and-anthropogenic-impacts-of-landscape-creation",title:"Landscape Ecology",fullTitle:"Landscape Ecology - The Influences of Land Use and Anthropogenic Impacts of Landscape Creation"},signatures:"Radoslava Kanianska",authors:[{id:"184781",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Radoslava",middleName:null,surname:"Kanianska",slug:"radoslava-kanianska",fullName:"Radoslava Kanianska"}]},{id:"45403",title:"Urban Landscapes and Identity",slug:"urban-landscapes-and-identity",totalDownloads:9050,totalCrossrefCites:19,totalDimensionsCites:25,abstract:null,book:{id:"3560",slug:"advances-in-landscape-architecture",title:"Advances in Landscape Architecture",fullTitle:"Advances in Landscape Architecture"},signatures:"Isil Kaymaz",authors:[{id:"127507",title:"Dr.",name:"Isil",middleName:null,surname:"Kaymaz",slug:"isil-kaymaz",fullName:"Isil Kaymaz"}]},{id:"45414",title:"Role of Ecotourism in Sustainable Development",slug:"role-of-ecotourism-in-sustainable-development",totalDownloads:30243,totalCrossrefCites:52,totalDimensionsCites:69,abstract:null,book:{id:"3560",slug:"advances-in-landscape-architecture",title:"Advances in Landscape Architecture",fullTitle:"Advances in Landscape Architecture"},signatures:"Tuğba Kiper",authors:[{id:"135574",title:"Dr.",name:"Tuğba",middleName:null,surname:"Kiper",slug:"tugba-kiper",fullName:"Tuğba Kiper"}]},{id:"63289",title:"Land Acquisition and Use in Nigeria: Implications for Sustainable Food and Livelihood Security",slug:"land-acquisition-and-use-in-nigeria-implications-for-sustainable-food-and-livelihood-security",totalDownloads:3507,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:9,abstract:"Land acquisition and use remain a critical issue of great policy relevance in developing countries such as Nigeria. This study therefore examined land acquisition and use in Nigeria within the context of food and livelihood security. The chapter used secondary data obtained from the World Bank website, National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and other sources. It was found that there are gender, location and income-group considerations in the allocation of land in Nigeria. While the urban land market is relatively more formal, the rural land market is informal and the transactions were not documented in most cases. The study found that bureaucratic bottlenecks, high cost of registering land and long registration procedures, and inconsistent policy regimes impede the development of land market in Nigeria. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that the government should reduce and make the processes to be completed in registering lands in Nigeria easier. The Land Use Act 1978 should be amended to capture the prevailing realities around customary laws and informal markets. The government should reduce the cost of land registration in Nigeria. Multilateral organisations and government should co-create and co-finance innovative interventions to improve activities in the land market.",book:{id:"7476",slug:"land-use-assessing-the-past-envisioning-the-future",title:"Land Use",fullTitle:"Land Use - Assessing the Past, Envisioning the Future"},signatures:"Isaac B. Oluwatayo, Omowunmi Timothy and Ayodeji O. Ojo",authors:[{id:"250347",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Isaac",middleName:null,surname:"Oluwatayo",slug:"isaac-oluwatayo",fullName:"Isaac Oluwatayo"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"849",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:0,limit:8,total:null},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:87,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:98,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:27,numberOfPublishedChapters:287,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:9,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:139,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:129,numberOfOpenTopics:0,numberOfUpcomingTopics:2,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:107,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:10,numberOfPublishedChapters:103,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:12,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:0,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:10,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}},{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",issn:"2631-6188",scope:"This series will provide a comprehensive overview of recent research trends in various Infectious Diseases (as per the most recent Baltimore classification). Topics will include general overviews of infections, immunopathology, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, etiology, and current clinical recommendations for managing infectious diseases. Ongoing issues, recent advances, and future diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies will also be discussed. This book series will focus on various aspects and properties of infectious diseases whose deep understanding is essential for safeguarding the human race from losing resources and economies due to pathogens.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/6.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"May 19th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:13,editor:{id:"131400",title:"Prof.",name:"Alfonso J.",middleName:null,surname:"Rodriguez-Morales",slug:"alfonso-j.-rodriguez-morales",fullName:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/131400/images/system/131400.png",biography:"Dr. Rodriguez-Morales is an expert in tropical and emerging diseases, particularly zoonotic and vector-borne diseases (especially arboviral diseases). He is the president of the Travel Medicine Committee of the Pan-American Infectious Diseases Association (API), as well as the president of the Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (ACIN). He is a member of the Committee on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses, and Travel Medicine of ACIN. He is a vice-president of the Latin American Society for Travel Medicine (SLAMVI) and a Member of the Council of the International Society for Infectious Diseases (ISID). Since 2014, he has been recognized as a Senior Researcher, at the Ministry of Science of Colombia. He is a professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, in Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. He is an External Professor, Master in Research on Tropical Medicine and International Health, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain. He is also a professor at the Master in Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru. In 2021 he has been awarded the “Raul Isturiz Award” Medal of the API. Also, in 2021, he was awarded with the “Jose Felix Patiño” Asclepius Staff Medal of the Colombian Medical College, due to his scientific contributions to COVID-19 during the pandemic. He is currently the Editor in Chief of the journal Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases. His Scopus H index is 47 (Google Scholar H index, 68).",institutionString:"Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Colombia",institution:null},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:4,paginationItems:[{id:"3",title:"Bacterial Infectious Diseases",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/3.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!1,editor:null,editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"4",title:"Fungal Infectious Diseases",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/4.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"174134",title:"Dr.",name:"Yuping",middleName:null,surname:"Ran",slug:"yuping-ran",fullName:"Yuping Ran",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bS9d6QAC/Profile_Picture_1630330675373",biography:"Dr. Yuping Ran, Professor, Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. Completed the Course Medical Mycology, the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS), Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Netherlands (2006). International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS) Fellow, and International Emerging Infectious Diseases (IEID) Fellow, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, USA. Diploma of Dermatological Scientist, Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology. Ph.D. of Juntendo University, Japan. Bachelor’s and Master’s degree, Medicine, West China University of Medical Sciences. Chair of Sichuan Medical Association Dermatology Committee. General Secretary of The 19th Annual Meeting of Chinese Society of Dermatology and the Asia Pacific Society for Medical Mycology (2013). In charge of the Annual Medical Mycology Course over 20-years authorized by National Continue Medical Education Committee of China. Member of the board of directors of the Asia-Pacific Society for Medical Mycology (APSMM). Associate editor of Mycopathologia. Vice-chief of the editorial board of Chinses Journal of Mycology, China. Board Member and Chair of Mycology Group of Chinese Society of Dermatology.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sichuan University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"5",title:"Parasitic Infectious Diseases",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/5.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"67907",title:"Dr.",name:"Amidou",middleName:null,surname:"Samie",slug:"amidou-samie",fullName:"Amidou Samie",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/67907/images/system/67907.jpg",biography:"Dr. Amidou Samie is an Associate Professor of Microbiology at the University of Venda, in South Africa, where he graduated for his PhD in May 2008. He joined the Department of Microbiology the same year and has been giving lectures on topics covering parasitology, immunology, molecular biology and industrial microbiology. He is currently a rated researcher by the National Research Foundation of South Africa at category C2. He has published widely in the field of infectious diseases and has overseen several MSc’s and PhDs. His research activities mostly cover topics on infectious diseases from epidemiology to control. His particular interest lies in the study of intestinal protozoan parasites and opportunistic infections among HIV patients as well as the potential impact of childhood diarrhoea on growth and child development. He also conducts research on water-borne diseases and water quality and is involved in the evaluation of point-of-use water treatment technologies using silver and copper nanoparticles in collaboration with the University of Virginia, USA. He also studies the use of medicinal plants for the control of infectious diseases as well as antimicrobial drug resistance.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Venda",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"South Africa"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"6",title:"Viral Infectious Diseases",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/6.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"158026",title:"Prof.",name:"Shailendra K.",middleName:null,surname:"Saxena",slug:"shailendra-k.-saxena",fullName:"Shailendra K. Saxena",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRET3QAO/Profile_Picture_2022-05-10T10:10:26.jpeg",biography:"Professor Dr. Shailendra K. Saxena is a vice dean and professor at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India. His research interests involve understanding the molecular mechanisms of host defense during human viral infections and developing new predictive, preventive, and therapeutic strategies for them using Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), HIV, and emerging viruses as a model via stem cell and cell culture technologies. His research work has been published in various high-impact factor journals (Science, PNAS, Nature Medicine) with a high number of citations. He has received many awards and honors in India and abroad including various Young Scientist Awards, BBSRC India Partnering Award, and Dr. JC Bose National Award of Department of Biotechnology, Min. of Science and Technology, Govt. of India. Dr. Saxena is a fellow of various international societies/academies including the Royal College of Pathologists, United Kingdom; Royal Society of Medicine, London; Royal Society of Biology, United Kingdom; Royal Society of Chemistry, London; and Academy of Translational Medicine Professionals, Austria. He was named a Global Leader in Science by The Scientist. He is also an international opinion leader/expert in vaccination for Japanese encephalitis by IPIC (UK).",institutionString:"King George's Medical University",institution:{name:"King George's Medical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null}]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:4,paginationItems:[{id:"81821",title:"Pneumococcal Carriage in Jordanian Children and the Importance of Vaccination",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104999",signatures:"Adnan Al-Lahham",slug:"pneumococcal-carriage-in-jordanian-children-and-the-importance-of-vaccination",totalDownloads:0,totalCrossrefCites:null,totalDimensionsCites:null,authors:null,book:{title:"Streptococcal Infections",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10828.jpg",subseries:{id:"3",title:"Bacterial Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"81813",title:"Schistosomiasis: Discovery of New Molecules for Disease Treatment and Vaccine Development",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104738",signatures:"Andressa Barban do Patrocinio",slug:"schistosomiasis-discovery-of-new-molecules-for-disease-treatment-and-vaccine-development",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"New Horizons for Schistosomiasis Research",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10829.jpg",subseries:{id:"5",title:"Parasitic Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"81644",title:"Perspective Chapter: Ethics of Using Placebo Controlled Trials for Covid-19 Vaccine Development in Vulnerable Populations",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104776",signatures:"Lesley Burgess, Jurie Jordaan and Matthew Wilson",slug:"perspective-chapter-ethics-of-using-placebo-controlled-trials-for-covid-19-vaccine-development-in-vu",totalDownloads:5,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"SARS-CoV-2 Variants - Two Years After",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11573.jpg",subseries:{id:"6",title:"Viral Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"80546",title:"Streptococcal Skin and Skin-Structure Infections",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102894",signatures:"Alwyn Rapose",slug:"streptococcal-skin-and-skin-structure-infections",totalDownloads:48,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Streptococcal Infections",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10828.jpg",subseries:{id:"3",title:"Bacterial Infectious Diseases"}}}]},overviewPagePublishedBooks:{paginationCount:13,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"6667",title:"Influenza",subtitle:"Therapeutics and Challenges",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6667.jpg",slug:"influenza-therapeutics-and-challenges",publishedDate:"September 19th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Shailendra K. Saxena",hash:"105e347b2d5dbbe6b593aceffa051efa",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Influenza - Therapeutics and Challenges",editors:[{id:"158026",title:"Prof.",name:"Shailendra K.",middleName:null,surname:"Saxena",slug:"shailendra-k.-saxena",fullName:"Shailendra K. Saxena",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRET3QAO/Profile_Picture_2022-05-10T10:10:26.jpeg",biography:"Professor Dr. Shailendra K. Saxena is a vice dean and professor at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India. His research interests involve understanding the molecular mechanisms of host defense during human viral infections and developing new predictive, preventive, and therapeutic strategies for them using Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), HIV, and emerging viruses as a model via stem cell and cell culture technologies. His research work has been published in various high-impact factor journals (Science, PNAS, Nature Medicine) with a high number of citations. He has received many awards and honors in India and abroad including various Young Scientist Awards, BBSRC India Partnering Award, and Dr. JC Bose National Award of Department of Biotechnology, Min. of Science and Technology, Govt. of India. Dr. Saxena is a fellow of various international societies/academies including the Royal College of Pathologists, United Kingdom; Royal Society of Medicine, London; Royal Society of Biology, United Kingdom; Royal Society of Chemistry, London; and Academy of Translational Medicine Professionals, Austria. He was named a Global Leader in Science by The Scientist. He is also an international opinion leader/expert in vaccination for Japanese encephalitis by IPIC (UK).",institutionString:"King George's Medical University",institution:{name:"King George's Medical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7064",title:"Current Perspectives in Human Papillomavirus",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7064.jpg",slug:"current-perspectives-in-human-papillomavirus",publishedDate:"May 2nd 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Shailendra K. Saxena",hash:"d92a4085627bab25ddc7942fbf44cf05",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Current Perspectives in Human Papillomavirus",editors:[{id:"158026",title:"Prof.",name:"Shailendra K.",middleName:null,surname:"Saxena",slug:"shailendra-k.-saxena",fullName:"Shailendra K. Saxena",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRET3QAO/Profile_Picture_2022-05-10T10:10:26.jpeg",biography:"Professor Dr. Shailendra K. Saxena is a vice dean and professor at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India. His research interests involve understanding the molecular mechanisms of host defense during human viral infections and developing new predictive, preventive, and therapeutic strategies for them using Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), HIV, and emerging viruses as a model via stem cell and cell culture technologies. His research work has been published in various high-impact factor journals (Science, PNAS, Nature Medicine) with a high number of citations. He has received many awards and honors in India and abroad including various Young Scientist Awards, BBSRC India Partnering Award, and Dr. JC Bose National Award of Department of Biotechnology, Min. of Science and Technology, Govt. of India. Dr. Saxena is a fellow of various international societies/academies including the Royal College of Pathologists, United Kingdom; Royal Society of Medicine, London; Royal Society of Biology, United Kingdom; Royal Society of Chemistry, London; and Academy of Translational Medicine Professionals, Austria. He was named a Global Leader in Science by The Scientist. He is also an international opinion leader/expert in vaccination for Japanese encephalitis by IPIC (UK).",institutionString:"King George's Medical University",institution:{name:"King George's Medical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7123",title:"Current Topics in Neglected Tropical Diseases",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7123.jpg",slug:"current-topics-in-neglected-tropical-diseases",publishedDate:"December 4th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",hash:"61c627da05b2ace83056d11357bdf361",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Current Topics in Neglected Tropical Diseases",editors:[{id:"131400",title:"Prof.",name:"Alfonso J.",middleName:null,surname:"Rodriguez-Morales",slug:"alfonso-j.-rodriguez-morales",fullName:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/131400/images/system/131400.png",biography:"Dr. Rodriguez-Morales is an expert in tropical and emerging diseases, particularly zoonotic and vector-borne diseases (especially arboviral diseases). He is the president of the Travel Medicine Committee of the Pan-American Infectious Diseases Association (API), as well as the president of the Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (ACIN). He is a member of the Committee on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses, and Travel Medicine of ACIN. He is a vice-president of the Latin American Society for Travel Medicine (SLAMVI) and a Member of the Council of the International Society for Infectious Diseases (ISID). Since 2014, he has been recognized as a Senior Researcher, at the Ministry of Science of Colombia. He is a professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, in Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. He is an External Professor, Master in Research on Tropical Medicine and International Health, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain. He is also a professor at the Master in Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru. In 2021 he has been awarded the “Raul Isturiz Award” Medal of the API. Also, in 2021, he was awarded with the “Jose Felix Patiño” Asclepius Staff Medal of the Colombian Medical College, due to his scientific contributions to COVID-19 during the pandemic. He is currently the Editor in Chief of the journal Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases. His Scopus H index is 47 (Google Scholar H index, 68).",institutionString:"Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Colombia",institution:null}]},{type:"book",id:"7839",title:"Malaria",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7839.jpg",slug:"malaria",publishedDate:"December 11th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Fyson H. Kasenga",hash:"91cde4582ead884cb0f355a19b67cd56",volumeInSeries:4,fullTitle:"Malaria",editors:[{id:"86725",title:"Dr.",name:"Fyson",middleName:"Hanania",surname:"Kasenga",slug:"fyson-kasenga",fullName:"Fyson Kasenga",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/86725/images/system/86725.jpg",biography:"Dr. Kasenga is a graduate of Tumaini University, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Moshi, Tanzania and Umeå University, Sweden. He obtained a Master’s degree in Public Health and PhD in Public Health and Epidemiology. He has a background in Clinical Medicine and has taken courses at higher diploma levels in public health from University of Transkei, Republic of South Africa, and African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF) in Nairobi, Kenya. Dr. Kasenga worked in different places in and outside Malawi, and has held various positions, such as Licensed Medical Officer, HIV/AIDS Programme Officer, HIV/AIDS resource person in the International Department of Diakonhjemet College, Oslo, Norway. He also managed an Integrated HIV/AIDS Prevention programme for over 5 years. He is currently working as a Director for the Health Ministries Department of Malawi Union of the Seventh Day Adventist Church. Dr. Kasenga has published over 5 articles on HIV/AIDS issues focusing on Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT), including a book chapter on HIV testing counseling (currently in press). Dr. Kasenga is married to Grace and blessed with three children, a son and two daughters: Happy, Lettice and Sungani.",institutionString:"Malawi Adventist University",institution:{name:"Malawi Adventist University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Malawi"}}}]}]},openForSubmissionBooks:{paginationCount:4,paginationItems:[{id:"11445",title:"Multi-Agent Technologies and Machine Learning",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11445.jpg",hash:"d980826615baa6e33456e2a79064c5e8",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"March 29th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"265237",title:"Prof.",name:"Igor",surname:"Sheremet",slug:"igor-sheremet",fullName:"Igor Sheremet"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11446",title:"Industry 4.0 - Perspectives and Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11446.jpg",hash:"be984f45b90c1003798661ef885d8a34",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"May 12th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"303193",title:"Dr.",name:"Meisam",surname:"Gordan",slug:"meisam-gordan",fullName:"Meisam Gordan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11448",title:"Artificial Neural Networks - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11448.jpg",hash:"e57ff97a39cfc6fe68a1ac62b503dbe9",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,submissionDeadline:"June 3rd 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"22866",title:"Dr.",name:"Chi Leung Patrick",surname:"Hui",slug:"chi-leung-patrick-hui",fullName:"Chi Leung Patrick Hui"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11447",title:"Swarm Intelligence - Recent Advances and Current Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11447.jpg",hash:"f68e3c3430a74fc7a7eb97f6ea2bb42e",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,submissionDeadline:"June 14th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"24555",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco Antonio",surname:"Aceves Fernandez",slug:"marco-antonio-aceves-fernandez",fullName:"Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:49,paginationItems:[{id:"80495",title:"Iron in Cell Metabolism and Disease",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101908",signatures:"Eeka Prabhakar",slug:"iron-in-cell-metabolism-and-disease",totalDownloads:2,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Iron Metabolism - Iron a Double‐Edged Sword",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10842.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"81799",title:"Cross Talk of Purinergic and Immune Signaling: Implication in Inflammatory and Pathogenic Diseases",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104978",signatures:"Richa Rai",slug:"cross-talk-of-purinergic-and-immune-signaling-implication-in-inflammatory-and-pathogenic-diseases",totalDownloads:7,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Purinergic System",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10801.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"81764",title:"Involvement of the Purinergic System in Cell Death in Models of Retinopathies",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103935",signatures:"Douglas Penaforte Cruz, Marinna Garcia Repossi and Lucianne Fragel Madeira",slug:"involvement-of-the-purinergic-system-in-cell-death-in-models-of-retinopathies",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Purinergic System",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10801.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"81756",title:"Alteration of Cytokines Level and Oxidative Stress Parameters in COVID-19",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104950",signatures:"Marija Petrusevska, Emilija Atanasovska, Dragica Zendelovska, Aleksandar Eftimov and Katerina Spasovska",slug:"alteration-of-cytokines-level-and-oxidative-stress-parameters-in-covid-19",totalDownloads:9,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Chemokines Updates",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11672.jpg",subseries:{id:"18",title:"Proteomics"}}},{id:"81681",title:"Immunomodulatory Effects of a M2-Conditioned Medium (PRS® CK STORM): Theory on the Possible Complex Mechanism of Action through Anti-Inflammatory Modulation of the TLR System and the Purinergic System",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104486",signatures:"Juan Pedro Lapuente",slug:"immunomodulatory-effects-of-a-m2-conditioned-medium-prs-ck-storm-theory-on-the-possible-complex-mech",totalDownloads:5,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Purinergic System",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10801.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"81647",title:"Diabetes and Epigenetics",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104653",signatures:"Rasha A. Alhazzaa, Thomas Heinbockel and Antonei B. Csoka",slug:"diabetes-and-epigenetics",totalDownloads:10,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Epigenetics to Optogenetics - A New Paradigm in the Study of Biology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9672.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}},{id:"81580",title:"Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Pathogenesis and Treatment",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104450",signatures:"Shin Mukai",slug:"graft-versus-host-disease-pathogenesis-and-treatment",totalDownloads:14,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Purinergic System",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10801.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"81533",title:"Prenylation of Natural Products: An Overview",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104636",signatures:"Kantharaju Kamanna and Aravind Kamath",slug:"prenylation-of-natural-products-an-overview",totalDownloads:19,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Kantharaju",surname:"Kamanna"}],book:{title:"Modifications of Biomolecules",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11098.jpg",subseries:null}},{id:"81067",title:"Encapsulation of Essential Oils and Their Use in Food Applications",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103147",signatures:"Hamdy A. Shaaban and Amr Farouk",slug:"encapsulation-of-essential-oils-and-their-use-in-food-applications",totalDownloads:47,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Essential Oils - Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"81099",title:"SK Channels and Heart Disease",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104115",signatures:"Katherine Zhong, Shawn Kant, Frank Sellke and Jun Feng",slug:"sk-channels-and-heart-disease",totalDownloads:16,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Ion Channels - From Basic Properties to Medical Treatment",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10838.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}}]},subseriesFiltersForOFChapters:[{caption:"Proteomics",value:18,count:3,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Metabolism",value:17,count:9,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Cell and Molecular Biology",value:14,count:17,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Chemical Biology",value:15,count:19,group:"subseries"}],publishedBooks:{paginationCount:27,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"10803",title:"Reactive Oxygen Species",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10803.jpg",slug:"reactive-oxygen-species",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Rizwan Ahmad",hash:"176adcf090fdd1f93cb8ce3146e79ca1",volumeInSeries:28,fullTitle:"Reactive Oxygen Species",editors:[{id:"40482",title:null,name:"Rizwan",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"rizwan-ahmad",fullName:"Rizwan Ahmad",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/40482/images/system/40482.jpeg",institutionString:"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University",institution:{name:"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9008",title:"Vitamin K",subtitle:"Recent Topics on the Biology and Chemistry",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9008.jpg",slug:"vitamin-k-recent-topics-on-the-biology-and-chemistry",publishedDate:"March 23rd 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Hiroyuki Kagechika and Hitoshi Shirakawa",hash:"8b43add5389ba85743e0a9491e4b9943",volumeInSeries:27,fullTitle:"Vitamin K - Recent Topics on the Biology and Chemistry",editors:[{id:"180528",title:"Dr.",name:"Hiroyuki",middleName:null,surname:"Kagechika",slug:"hiroyuki-kagechika",fullName:"Hiroyuki Kagechika",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/180528/images/system/180528.jpg",institutionString:"Tokyo Medical and Dental University",institution:{name:"Tokyo Medical and Dental University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"10799",title:"Phenolic Compounds",subtitle:"Chemistry, Synthesis, Diversity, Non-Conventional Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10799.jpg",slug:"phenolic-compounds-chemistry-synthesis-diversity-non-conventional-industrial-pharmaceutical-and-therapeutic-applications",publishedDate:"February 23rd 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Farid A. Badria",hash:"339199f254d2987ef3167eef74fb8a38",volumeInSeries:26,fullTitle:"Phenolic Compounds - Chemistry, Synthesis, Diversity, Non-Conventional Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications",editors:[{id:"41865",title:"Prof.",name:"Farid A.",middleName:null,surname:"Badria",slug:"farid-a.-badria",fullName:"Farid A. Badria",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/41865/images/system/41865.jpg",institutionString:"Mansoura University",institution:{name:"Mansoura University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9659",title:"Fibroblasts",subtitle:"Advances in Inflammation, Autoimmunity and Cancer",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9659.jpg",slug:"fibroblasts-advances-in-inflammation-autoimmunity-and-cancer",publishedDate:"December 22nd 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Mojca Frank Bertoncelj and Katja Lakota",hash:"926fa6446f6befbd363fc74971a56de2",volumeInSeries:25,fullTitle:"Fibroblasts - Advances in Inflammation, Autoimmunity and Cancer",editors:[{id:"328755",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Mojca",middleName:null,surname:"Frank Bertoncelj",slug:"mojca-frank-bertoncelj",fullName:"Mojca Frank Bertoncelj",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/328755/images/system/328755.jpg",institutionString:"BioMed X Institute",institution:{name:"University Hospital of Zurich",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Switzerland"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8977",title:"Protein Kinases",subtitle:"Promising Targets for Anticancer Drug Research",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8977.jpg",slug:"protein-kinases-promising-targets-for-anticancer-drug-research",publishedDate:"December 8th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Rajesh Kumar Singh",hash:"6d200cc031706a565b554fdb1c478901",volumeInSeries:24,fullTitle:"Protein Kinases - Promising Targets for Anticancer Drug Research",editors:[{id:"329385",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajesh K.",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Singh",slug:"rajesh-k.-singh",fullName:"Rajesh K. Singh",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/329385/images/system/329385.png",institutionString:"Punjab Technical University",institution:{name:"Punjab Technical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8018",title:"Extracellular Matrix",subtitle:"Developments and Therapeutics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8018.jpg",slug:"extracellular-matrix-developments-and-therapeutics",publishedDate:"October 27th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Rama Sashank Madhurapantula, Joseph Orgel P.R.O. and Zvi Loewy",hash:"c85e82851e80b40282ff9be99ddf2046",volumeInSeries:23,fullTitle:"Extracellular Matrix - Developments and Therapeutics",editors:[{id:"212416",title:"Dr.",name:"Rama Sashank",middleName:null,surname:"Madhurapantula",slug:"rama-sashank-madhurapantula",fullName:"Rama Sashank Madhurapantula",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/212416/images/system/212416.jpg",institutionString:"Illinois Institute of Technology",institution:{name:"Illinois Institute of Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9759",title:"Vitamin E in Health and Disease",subtitle:"Interactions, Diseases and Health Aspects",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9759.jpg",slug:"vitamin-e-in-health-and-disease-interactions-diseases-and-health-aspects",publishedDate:"October 6th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Pınar Erkekoglu and Júlia Scherer Santos",hash:"6c3ddcc13626110de289b57f2516ac8f",volumeInSeries:22,fullTitle:"Vitamin E in Health and Disease - Interactions, Diseases and Health Aspects",editors:[{id:"109978",title:"Prof.",name:"Pınar",middleName:null,surname:"Erkekoğlu",slug:"pinar-erkekoglu",fullName:"Pınar Erkekoğlu",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/109978/images/system/109978.jpg",institutionString:"Hacettepe University",institution:{name:"Hacettepe University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9753",title:"Terpenes and Terpenoids",subtitle:"Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9753.jpg",slug:"terpenes-and-terpenoids-recent-advances",publishedDate:"July 28th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Shagufta Perveen and Areej Mohammad Al-Taweel",hash:"575689df13c78bf0e6c1be40804cd010",volumeInSeries:21,fullTitle:"Terpenes and Terpenoids - Recent Advances",editors:[{id:"192992",title:"Prof.",name:"Shagufta",middleName:null,surname:"Perveen",slug:"shagufta-perveen",fullName:"Shagufta Perveen",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/192992/images/system/192992.png",institutionString:"King Saud University",institution:{name:"King Saud University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9403",title:"Human Microbiome",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9403.jpg",slug:"human-microbiome",publishedDate:"June 16th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Natalia V. Beloborodova and Andrey V. Grechko",hash:"c31366ba82585ba3ac91d21eb1cf0a4d",volumeInSeries:20,fullTitle:"Human Microbiome",editors:[{id:"199461",title:"Prof.",name:"Natalia V.",middleName:null,surname:"Beloborodova",slug:"natalia-v.-beloborodova",fullName:"Natalia V. Beloborodova",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/199461/images/system/199461.jpg",institutionString:"Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9731",title:"Oxidoreductase",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9731.jpg",slug:"oxidoreductase",publishedDate:"February 17th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Mahmoud Ahmed Mansour",hash:"852e6f862c85fc3adecdbaf822e64e6e",volumeInSeries:19,fullTitle:"Oxidoreductase",editors:[{id:"224662",title:"Prof.",name:"Mahmoud Ahmed",middleName:null,surname:"Mansour",slug:"mahmoud-ahmed-mansour",fullName:"Mahmoud Ahmed Mansour",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/224662/images/system/224662.jpg",institutionString:"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences",institution:{name:"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9742",title:"Ubiquitin",subtitle:"Proteasome Pathway",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9742.jpg",slug:"ubiquitin-proteasome-pathway",publishedDate:"December 9th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Xianquan Zhan",hash:"af6880d3a5571da1377ac8f6373b9e82",volumeInSeries:18,fullTitle:"Ubiquitin - Proteasome Pathway",editors:[{id:"223233",title:"Prof.",name:"Xianquan",middleName:null,surname:"Zhan",slug:"xianquan-zhan",fullName:"Xianquan Zhan",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/223233/images/system/223233.png",institutionString:"Shandong First Medical University",institution:{name:"Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9002",title:"Glutathione System and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9002.jpg",slug:"glutathione-system-and-oxidative-stress-in-health-and-disease",publishedDate:"August 26th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Margarete Dulce Bagatini",hash:"127defed0a50ad5ed92338dc96e1e10e",volumeInSeries:17,fullTitle:"Glutathione System and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease",editors:[{id:"217850",title:"Dr.",name:"Margarete Dulce",middleName:null,surname:"Bagatini",slug:"margarete-dulce-bagatini",fullName:"Margarete Dulce Bagatini",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/217850/images/system/217850.jpeg",institutionString:"Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul",institution:{name:"Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},subseriesFiltersForPublishedBooks:[{group:"subseries",caption:"Proteomics",value:18,count:3},{group:"subseries",caption:"Metabolism",value:17,count:6},{group:"subseries",caption:"Cell and Molecular Biology",value:14,count:8},{group:"subseries",caption:"Chemical Biology",value:15,count:10}],publicationYearFilters:[{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2022",value:2022,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2021",value:2021,count:7},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2020",value:2020,count:12},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2019",value:2019,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2018",value:2018,count:2}],authors:{}},subseries:{item:{id:"13",type:"subseries",title:"Plant Physiology",keywords:"Plant Nutrition, Plant Hormone, Photosynthesis, Respiration, Plant Stress, Multi-omics, High-throughput Technology, Genome Editing",scope:"Plant Physiology explores fundamental processes in plants, and it includes subtopics such as plant nutrition, plant hormone, photosynthesis, respiration, and plant stress. In recent years, emerging technologies such as multi-omics, high-throughput technologies, and genome editing tools could assist plant physiologists in unraveling molecular mechanisms in specific critical pathways. The global picture of physiological processes in plants needs to be investigated continually to increase our knowledge, and the resulting technologies will benefit sustainable agriculture.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/13.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!0,hasPublishedBooks:!0,annualVolume:11409,editor:{id:"332229",title:"Prof.",name:"Jen-Tsung",middleName:null,surname:"Chen",slug:"jen-tsung-chen",fullName:"Jen-Tsung Chen",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/332229/images/system/332229.png",biography:"Dr. Jen-Tsung Chen is currently a professor at the National University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan. He teaches cell biology, genomics, proteomics, medicinal plant biotechnology, and plant tissue culture. Dr. Chen\\'s research interests include bioactive compounds, chromatography techniques, in vitro culture, medicinal plants, phytochemicals, and plant biotechnology. He has published more than ninety scientific papers and serves as an editorial board member for Plant Methods, Biomolecules, and International Journal of Molecular Sciences.",institutionString:"National University of Kaohsiung",institution:{name:"National University of Kaohsiung",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Taiwan"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,series:{id:"10",title:"Physiology",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",issn:"2631-8261"},editorialBoard:[{id:"313856",title:"Dr.",name:"Christophe",middleName:"F.E.",surname:"Hano",slug:"christophe-hano",fullName:"Christophe Hano",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/313856/images/system/313856.png",institutionString:"University of Orléans",institution:{name:"University of Orléans",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"France"}}},{id:"33993",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Jimenez-Lopez",slug:"jose-carlos-jimenez-lopez",fullName:"Jose Carlos Jimenez-Lopez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/33993/images/system/33993.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Spanish National Research Council",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"191770",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohamed A.",middleName:null,surname:"El-Esawi",slug:"mohamed-a.-el-esawi",fullName:"Mohamed A. El-Esawi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/191770/images/system/191770.jpeg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Tanta University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}},{id:"247858",title:"Dr.",name:"Saddam",middleName:null,surname:"Hussain",slug:"saddam-hussain",fullName:"Saddam Hussain",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSF2aQAG/Profile_Picture_1625658281836",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Agriculture Faisalabad",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Pakistan"}}}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:13,paginationItems:[{id:"81751",title:"NanoBioSensors: From Electrochemical Sensors Improvement to Theranostic Applications",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102552",signatures:"Anielle C.A. Silva, Eliete A. Alvin, Lais S. de Jesus, Caio C.L. de França, Marílya P.G. da Silva, Samaysa L. Lins, Diógenes Meneses, Marcela R. Lemes, Rhanoica O. Guerra, Marcos V. da Silva, Carlo J.F. de Oliveira, Virmondes Rodrigues Junior, Renata M. Etchebehere, Fabiane C. de Abreu, Bruno G. Lucca, Sanívia A.L. Pereira, Rodrigo C. Rosa and Noelio O. Dantas",slug:"nanobiosensors-from-electrochemical-sensors-improvement-to-theranostic-applications",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"81678",title:"Developmental Studies on Practical Enzymatic Phosphate Ion Biosensors and Microbial BOD Biosensors, and New Insights into the Future Perspectives of These Biosensor Fields",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104377",signatures:"Hideaki Nakamura",slug:"developmental-studies-on-practical-enzymatic-phosphate-ion-biosensors-and-microbial-bod-biosensors-a",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Hideaki",surname:"Nakamura"}],book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"81412",title:"Mathematical Morphology and the Heart Signals",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104113",signatures:"Taouli Sidi Ahmed",slug:"mathematical-morphology-and-the-heart-signals",totalDownloads:17,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"81360",title:"Deep Learning Algorithms for Efficient Analysis of ECG Signals to Detect Heart Disorders",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103075",signatures:"Sumagna Dey, Rohan Pal and Saptarshi Biswas",slug:"deep-learning-algorithms-for-efficient-analysis-of-ecg-signals-to-detect-heart-disorders",totalDownloads:31,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"81068",title:"Characteristic Profiles of Heart Rate Variability in Depression and Anxiety",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104205",signatures:"Toshikazu Shinba",slug:"characteristic-profiles-of-heart-rate-variability-in-depression-and-anxiety",totalDownloads:20,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"80691",title:"Applications of Quantum Mechanics, Laws of Classical Physics, and Differential Calculus to Evaluate Source Localization According to the Electroencephalogram",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102831",signatures:"Kristin S. Williams",slug:"applications-of-quantum-mechanics-laws-of-classical-physics-and-differential-calculus-to-evaluate-so",totalDownloads:7,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"80643",title:"EEG Authentication System Using Fuzzy Vault Scheme",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102699",signatures:"Fatima M. Baqer and Salah Albermany",slug:"eeg-authentication-system-using-fuzzy-vault-scheme",totalDownloads:34,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"80529",title:"Effective EEG Artifact Removal from EEG Signal",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102698",signatures:"Vandana Roy",slug:"effective-eeg-artifact-removal-from-eeg-signal",totalDownloads:66,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"80505",title:"Soft Tissue Image Reconstruction Using Diffuse Optical Tomography",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102463",signatures:"Umamaheswari K, Shrichandran G.V. and Jebaderwin D.",slug:"soft-tissue-image-reconstruction-using-diffuse-optical-tomography",totalDownloads:47,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"79881",title:"Control of Cytoskeletal Dynamics in Cancer through a Combination of Cytoskeletal Components",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101624",signatures:"Ban Hussein Alwash, Rawan Asaad Jaber Al-Rubaye, Mustafa Mohammad Alaaraj and Anwar Yahya Ebrahim",slug:"control-of-cytoskeletal-dynamics-in-cancer-through-a-combination-of-cytoskeletal-components",totalDownloads:104,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Cancer Bioinformatics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10661.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"79580",title:"Dotting the “i” of Interoperability in FAIR Cancer-Registry Data Sets",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101330",signatures:"Nicholas Nicholson, Francesco Giusti, Luciana Neamtiu, Giorgia Randi, Tadeusz Dyba, Manola Bettio, Raquel Negrao Carvalho, Nadya Dimitrova, Manuela Flego and Carmen Martos",slug:"dotting-the-i-of-interoperability-in-fair-cancer-registry-data-sets",totalDownloads:100,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Cancer Bioinformatics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10661.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"79550",title:"Urologic Cancer Molecular Biology",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101381",signatures:"Pavel Onofrei, Viorel Dragoș Radu, Alina-Alexandra Onofrei, Stoica Laura, Doinita Temelie-Olinici, Ana-Emanuela Botez, Vasile Bogdan Grecu and Elena Carmen Cotrutz",slug:"urologic-cancer-molecular-biology",totalDownloads:96,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Cancer Bioinformatics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10661.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"79450",title:"Identification of Biomarkers Associated with Cancer Using Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101432",signatures:"Arpana Parihar, Shivani Malviya and Raju Khan",slug:"identification-of-biomarkers-associated-with-cancer-using-integrated-bioinformatic-analysis",totalDownloads:156,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,authors:null,book:{title:"Cancer Bioinformatics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10661.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}}]},publishedBooks:{},testimonialsList:[{id:"18",text:"It was great publishing with IntechOpen, the process was straightforward and I had support all along.",author:{id:"71579",name:"Berend",surname:"Olivier",institutionString:"Utrecht University",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/71579/images/system/71579.jpg",slug:"berend-olivier",institution:{id:"253",name:"Utrecht University",country:{id:null,name:"Netherlands"}}}},{id:"27",text:"The opportunity to work with a prestigious publisher allows for the possibility to collaborate with more research groups interested in animal nutrition, leading to the development of new feeding strategies and food valuation while being more sustainable with the environment, allowing more readers to learn about the subject.",author:{id:"175967",name:"Manuel",surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",institution:{id:"6221",name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",country:{id:null,name:"Mexico"}}}},{id:"8",text:"I work with IntechOpen for a number of reasons: their professionalism, their mission in support of Open Access publishing, and the quality of their peer-reviewed publications, but also because they believe in equality.",author:{id:"202192",name:"Catrin",surname:"Rutland",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",slug:"catrin-rutland",institution:{id:"134",name:"University of Nottingham",country:{id:null,name:"United Kingdom"}}}}]},submityourwork:{pteSeriesList:[],lsSeriesList:[],hsSeriesList:[],sshSeriesList:[],subseriesList:[],annualVolumeBook:{},thematicCollection:[],selectedSeries:null,selectedSubseries:null},seriesLanding:{item:null},libraryRecommendation:{success:null,errors:{},institutions:[]},route:{name:"chapter.detail",path:"/chapters/47470",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"47470"},fullPath:"/chapters/47470",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()